of Adults Ages

18-74Years by

Sodmeconomic and

Geographic Variables

United States

Height and weight measurements of adults

ages 18-74 years in the United States, 1971-

74, are presented and discussed by age, sex,

and race for selected socioeconomic and

geographic variables.

Data From the National Health Survey

Series 11, No. 224

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 81-1674

U.S. Department of Health

and Human Services

Public Health Service .

Office of Health Research, Statistics,

and Technology

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Md.

August 1981
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Date 

Fulwood, Robinson. 

Height and weight of adults, ages 18-74 years, by socioeconomic 

and geographic variables, United States. 

(Vital and health statistics. Series 11, Data from the national health 

survey ; no. 224) (DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 81-1674) 

1. Stature-United States-Statistics. 2. Body weight-United 

States-Statistics. I. Abraham, Sidney. II. Title. III. Series. IV. Series: 

DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 81-1674. [DNLM: 1. Body heightUnited States-Statistics. 2. Body weight-United States-Statistics. 3. 

Socioeconomic factors. 4. Demography. 5. United States. 

W2 A N148vk no. 2241 

RA4073.A347 no. 224 [GN66] 312’.6 81-606970 

ISBN O-6406-0221-9 AACR2 

For de by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, W’ashington, D.C. 21)g~2 
National Center for Health Statistics

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director

ROBERT A. ISR4EL, Deputy Director

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Assoczirte Director for Analysis

and Epidemiolo~

GAIL F. FISHER, Ph. D., Associate Director for the

Cooperative Health Statistics System

GARRIE J. LOSEE, Associrte Director for Data Recessing

and Services

ALVAN O. ZARATE, Ph.D., Assistant Director for

International Statistics

E. EARL BRYANT, Associate Director for Interview and

Examination Statistics

ROBERT C. HUBER, Assocfite Dfiector for Management

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph. D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

PETER L. HURLEY, Assotite Director for Vital and Health

CirreStatistics

ALICE HAYWOOD, Infornuztion Officer

Office of Iilterview and Examination Statistics Program

E. EARL BRYANT, Associate Director

MARY GRACE KOVAR, Special Assistan t for Data Policy and

Analysis

Division of Health Examination Statistics

ROBERT S. MURPHY, Director

KURT R. MAURER, C%.ief Survey Planning and Development

Branch

SIDNEY ABRAHAM, Chie~ Nu~”tion Statistics Branch

Library of Congress Catrdog Card Number 81-606970
Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Summary of important findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Methods ofmeasurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Method ofanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Mean height andweightfindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. 5

Findings forheight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Annual family income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Educational level . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Urbanization status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. 9

Geographicregion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Findings forweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ 14

Annual family income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Educational level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. 15

Urbanization status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Geographicregion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Income and education differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Urbanization and regional differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z3

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Listofdetailed tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z......, 42

l. Statistical notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

11. Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographicterms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

lll.Sample size and estimated population tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

List of Text Figures

1. Mean height of males ages 18-74 years byage and annual family income: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

..

Ill
2. Mean height of females ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States.,.19Zl-74

3, Mean height of males ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74 . . . .

4. Mean height of females ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74 . .

5. Mean weight of males ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States, 1971-74.

. ... . ... . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Mean weight of males ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Text Tables

A. Differences in mean height and mean weight (with confidence limits) of adults ages 18-74 years between the lowest and

highest annual family income and educational level, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B. 1nterracial differences in age-adjusted mean height and mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex and selected

socioeconomic and geographic variables: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C. Differences in mean height and mean weight (with confidence limits) of adults ages 18-74 years between “urbanized and

rural areas and between the Northeast and South regions, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . .

9

11

12

15

16

17

18

7

10

13

Symbols

. . . Data not available

. . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

500

*

Figure does not meet standards of

reliability or precision

# Figure suppressed to comply with

confidentiality requirements

iv
Height and Weight of Adults Ages

18-74Years by Socioeconomic

and Geographic Variables

by Robinson Fulwood, M. S. P. H., Sidney Abraham,

and Clifford Johnson, M. S. P. H., Division of Health

Examination Statistics

Introduction

This report contains findings from the first

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

on height and weight measurements of adults ages

18-74 years in the United States, by socioeconomic

and geographic variables. Previous reports based on

the same survey present height and weight measures

by age, sex, and race,l and weight measures by height

and age.z

The frost National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was designed to collect measures of

nutritional status and to gather information on the

general health status of persons ages 1-74 years, as

well as to compile more detailed health assessment

data on persons ages 25-74 years. The survey utilized

a scientifically representative sample of persons in the

U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population: A description of the plan, operation, and sample design of

the sumey has been published,g

The U.S. Bureau of the Census cooperated in the

sample design, initial visits, and interviews at selected

eligible households in the 65 primary sampling units

throughout the United States.

Field data collection for the survey was started in

April 1971 and was completed in June 1974. Of the

28,043 persons ages 1-74 yearn who were selected in

the national probability sample to represent the 194

million persons of those ages in the U.S. civilian

noninstitutionalized population, 20,749, or 74 percent, were examined. When adjustments were made

for the differential sampling ratios used to ensure

oversampling of preschool children, women of childbearing age, the elderly, and the poor, the effective

examination response rate was 75 percent. Among

persons ages 18-74 yearn for whom height and weight

determinations were made, 13,645 were examined

from the probability sample of 19,572 selected to

represent the 128 million persons ages 18-74 years in

the U.S. population. The unadjusted and effective

adjusted examination response rates were each 70

percent. Appendix I presents further discussion of the

sampling design, nonresponse, missing data, sampling

error, and standard of data reliability.

In this report, the mean height and weight

measures of adults ages 18-74 years are discussed by

age, sex, and race in relationship to annual family

income, educational level, urbanization status, and

geographic region. Definitions of these variables are

found in appendix H. Two kinds of statements appear

throughout the text that concern differences in mean

height or weight values: (1) statements based on

results of tests of hypotheses or significance tests, and

(2) statements based on observed differences (which

are not tested for statistical significance but which

may be of interest from a descriptive standpoint). To

enable the reader to differentiate between the two

types of statements, the terms “statistically significant” and “not statistically significant” are used to

indicate all tested differences in the mean height or

weight measures, and the term “obsemed” is used to

indicate that the differences in the mean values may

be of interest but were not tested for statistical

significance.

To account for changes in the age distribution of

the U.S. population from 1971 to 1974, the ageadjusted mean height or weight values (which are

“observed’? are used in au overall comparisons (ages

18-74 years). ,Appendix I contains a discussion of age

adjustment. The standard errors of the mean height

and weight measures are also found in appendix I,

tables IV-VII. Throughout this report, the terms

“mean” and “average” are used interchangeably.

1
The average height and weight of adults ages

18-74 years in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized

population, as measured by the first National Health

and Nutition Examination Survey, have been presented in previous reports 1;2 by demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and race. This report goes

beyond the demographic discussion to include an

analysis of differences in mean height and weight by

selected socioeconomic and geographic variables.

This report presents statistically significant differences in mean height and weight values of males

and females ages 18-74 years by socioeconomic and

geographic variables. Observed differences (which

may be of interest even though they may or may not

be statistically significant) are also discussed.

Summary of important findings

●

●

●

The observed mean height of males and females

ages 18-74 years is direc~y related to income and

educational levels. But interracial differences in

age-adjusted mean height for the same population are less than 1 inch for each income and

educational level.

The heaviest females ages 18-74 iyears on the

average were generally observed to be those with

an income under $4,000 and with less than 9

years of education. Conversely, the heaviest males

ages 18-74 years on the average were generally

observed to be those with an income of $10,000

and over and with 12 years or more of education.

The overall age-adjusted mean weight for males

ages 18-74 years with 13 years or more of

education is 9 pounds higher than for those with

less than 9 years of education. The mean weight

of females is inversely related to educational level.

Females ages 18-74 years with 13 years or more

of education average 10 pounds less than those

with less than 9 years of education.

:Jnterracial differences in age-adjusted mean

weight for males ages 18-74 years are less than 8

pounds for each income or educational level.

Females ages 18-74 years, however, generally

show differences of up to 16 pounds across

income and educational levels. The magnitude c)f

interracial differences for females decreases as

educational level increases. This observation does

not hold true as income increases.

Females ages 18-74 years living in rural areas on

the average were generally observed to be heavier

than those living in urbanized areas; however, the

differences for each age category are not statistically significant. On the average, males and

females living in the Northeast region were

observed to be the shortest, and those living in

the Midwest were observed to be the heaviest.

Males ages 65-74 years living in rural areas were

found to be statistically taller than those living in

urbanized areas; however, there is no statistically

significant difference in males’ mean height fc)r

any other age category, There is no statistically

significant difference in height for females of any

age category living in urbanized and rural areas.

Males of each age category 35 years and over

living in the South region were found to be

statistically taller than those living in the Northeast region. Females of every age category living

in the South region were found to be statistical y

taller than females living in the Northeast region.
The first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was staffed with two highly trained

examination teams and was equipped with two

mobile examination centens, which could be moved

to a central location in each of the primary sampling

units. Selected sample persons for whom appointments could be made were brought into the examination centers. There, exarninees changed from their

street clothing into disposable paper examination

uniforms and foam rubber slippers designed to

facilitate and standardize vtious elements of the

examination. Body measurements were made at

various times of the day and in different seasons of

the year; thus diurnal and seasonal variations in body

measurements were not standardized. One’s weight

may vary between winter and summer and may

fluctuate with recency of food and water intake and

other daily activities.

Height

Height was measured with the examinee wearing

disposable foam rubber slippers, standing erectly with

feet together, back and heels against the upright bar

of the height scale. and head approximately in the

Frankfort horizontal plane. Assistance and demonstration were provided when necessary (“look straight

ahead,” “stand up tall,” or “stand up real straight”).

However, the examiner did not exert upward pressure

on the subject’s mastoid process to purposefully

“stretch everyone in a standard manner, ” as is

recommended by some. g

The equipment consisted of a level platform, to

which was attached a vertical bar with a steel tape.

Attached perpendicularly to the vertical bar was a

horizontal measwing bar, which was brought down

snugly on the exarrinee’s head. A Polaroid camera

was attached to another sliding bar in the same plane

as the horizontal measuring bar. The camera recorded

the subject’s identification number next to the

pointer on the scale, thereby giving a precise reading.

The camera not only gave a permanent record,

minimizing observer and recording errors, but, by

always being in the same plane as the measuring bar,

completely eliminated parallax. That is, if the pointer

had been in the space in front of the scale, it would

have been read too high if the observer had looked up

at the scale from below, or too low if read down from

abeve.

Weight

A Toledo self-balancing scale was used that

mechanically prints weight to quarter-pound intervals

directly onto the permanent record. Direct printing

was used to minimize observer and recording errons.

The scale was calibrated with a set of known weights,

and any necessary fine adjustments were made at

the beginning of each new examination location,

approximately every month. The recorded weight was

later transferred onto a punched card to the nearest

quarter pound. The total weight of all clothing worn

ranges from 0.20 to 0.62 pound, which was not

deducted from weights presented in this report. Thus,

weights shown here are 0.20 to 0.62 pound above

nude weight recorded to the nearest quarter pound.

The same examination clothing was used throughout

the year, which eliminated seasonal variation in

clothing weight.

3
Method of analysis

Observed and statistically significant differences appendix I. The socioeconomic comparison of black

in mean height and weight values are discussed and white persons is limited to a description of the

separately. Only differences between the lowest and observed age-adjusted mean values for each sex groL[p

highest income and educational levels, between because of the small numbers in many of the cells for

urbanized and rural areas, and between two geo- black persons. Statistics are shown in the detailed

graphic regions were tested for statistically significant tables for each age category only to convey am

differences by age within sex groups, as described in impression of the observed distribution.
Mean height and weight findings

As measured by the first National Health and 69.1 inches and 173 pounds for white males, 68.6

Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I), the inches and 171 pounds for black males, 63.7 inches

mean height and weight (without regard to socio- and 142 pounds for white females, and 63.7 inches

economic or geographic variables) of males ages 18-74 and 156 pounds for black females. 1 Because succesyears Me 69.0 inches and 172 pounds, respectively. sive birth cohorts of persons ages 18-74 years were

The corresponding values for females are 63.6 inches observed to be taller, socioeconomic and geographic

and 143 pounds. The mean height and weight for analyses were done by individual age categories.

each of the four race-sex groups ages 18-74 years are
Annual family income

Age.–The distribution of mean height in inches

by annual family income, sex, and age is shown in

table 1. Adults in each age category with an annual

family income of $15,000 and over were observed to

be consistently taller than those with an annual

family income under $4,000. The differences range

from 0.3 inch at ages 18-24 years to 2.1 inches at ages

65-74 years. Each successive birth cohort of adults

was observed to be generally taller within each of the

five income levels. Adjusting for age, adults ages

18-74 years with an annual income of $15,000 and

over were obsemed to be 1.2 inches taller than those

with an annual income under $4,000.

Sex and age.–Males of each age category were

observed to be generally taller as annual family

income increases from under $4,000 to $15,000 and

over, The differences in males’ height between the

lowest and highest income levels range from 0.2 inch

for the youngest, ages 18-24 years, to 1.6 inches for

the oldest, ages 65-74 years (table A). Only males

ages 55-64 and 65-74 years show statistically significant differences in mean height between the two

income levels (figure 1). bong younger females

(ages 18-44 years), the shortest were observed to be

those in families with an annual income of $4,000-

$6,999; among older females (ages 55 and over), the

shortest were observed to be those in families with an

annual income under $4,000. On the average, females

in the lower income levels were observed to be

shortest, regardless of age (figure 2). The absolute

differences in mean height for females of each age

category between the lowest and highest income

levels range from 0.1 inch to 0.6 inch (table A).

However, there is no statistically significant difference in mean height between the two income levels

for females of any age category.

Race, sex, and age.–The distributions of mean

height by annual family income, race, sex, and age are

presented in tables 2 and 3. White males of ages 55-74

years with an annual income of $15,000 and over

were observed to be taller on the average than their

counteqmrts with an annual income under $4,000.

Although the differences between’ the lowest and

highe+t income levels are not large, white males ages

18-54 years were observed to be slightly taller at

successive annual income levels from $4,000-$6,999

to $15,000 and over. Overall, white males ages 18-74

years were observed to be taller than black males ages

18-74 at the lowest and two uppermost income levels.

The overall age-adjusted mean height of white males

ages 18-74 years exceeds that of black males ages

18-74 years by 0.7 inch at the income level of

$15,000 and over. This is the largest observed

interracial difference for males (table B).

The observed differences in mean height by age

across income levels for white females are small.

Generally, the tallest white females were observed to

be those with an annual income of $10,000-$14,999.

White females ages 35-44 years and 65-74 years with

an annual ticome of $15,000 and over were observed

to be taller than those with an annual income under

$4,000 by 1.0 inch and 0.6 inch, respectively (table

A). Overall, white females ages 18-74 years with an

annual income of $7,000 and over were observed to

be taller than those with an annwil income under

$7,000. For ages 18-74 years, white females were

observed to be shorter than black females at every

income level except $7,000-$9,999; the interracial

differences in the age-adjusted mean height range

from 0.3 inch at under $4,000 per year to zero

difference at $7,000-$9,999 per year to 0.3 inch at

$15,000 and over per year (table B).

Educational level

Age. –The height of adults ages 18-74 years lby

educational level, sex, and age is shown in table 4.

For each educational level, successive birth cohorts of

adults were generally observed to be taller. On the

6
Table A. Differences m mean heighr and mean weight [with confidence limits) of adults ages 18-74 years between the Iowesc and highest annual family income and educational

level, by race, sex, and age: United Stales, 1971-74

Mean height Mean weight

Differences in inches 95% con fidence limits Differences in pounds 95% confidence limits

Race, sex, and age Annual Educational

Annual

Annual Educational

Educational family income level Annual Educational family income level

family income level family income level

Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

..

ALL RACES

Males

18-24 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . .. n..

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

l&24vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44 years . . . . . . . .. a.....

45-54 years . . . . . . .!.%.....

55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whire males

l&24vears . ..ll. l.....-..

25-34 vears. .n. n . . . . . . . . . .

35-44 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45.54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White females

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3541years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

Males, 18-74 vears . . . . . . .

Females, l&74vears , . . . . .

White males, 18-74 years .

White females, 18-74 yearn . . ,

0.2

o.a

0.6

0.9

0.9

1.6

-0.1

0.5

0.6

0,3

0,2

0.5

0.3

o.a

0.6

1.:

1.6

–0.1

0.4

1.0

0.1

0.4

0.6

0.7

0,4

0.6

0.4

3.2

1.6

1.5

1.2

1.0

1.0

2.0

1.4

2.1

1.2

1.2

1.1

3.3

1.7

1 .a

1.1

1.1

1.1

2.2

1.5

2.2

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.7

1.5

1,8

1.7

-0.5

-0.4

–0.7

0.0

0.0

1.1

-o.a

-0.1

0.1

–0.6

-0.5

0.0

–o,a

-o,a

-0.5

-0.8

0.2

1.0

-0.8

-0.4

0.3

-1.0

-0,3

0.1

. . .

alackmales, l%74vears . . 0.4 1.3

Black females, l&74 ynars . . . 0.4 o.a

.. .

..-

...

0.9

2.0

1.9

1.a

1.a

2.1

0.6

1.1

1.1

1,2

0.9

1.0

o.a

1.4

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

0.6

1.2

1,7

1,2

1.1

1.1

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

. . .

1 .a

0.5

0.7

0.6

0.3

0.5

1,4

o.a

1.5

0.4

0.4

0.7

1.2

0.6

1.0

0.4

0.4

0.6

1.4

1.0

1.5

0.6

0.6

o.a

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

4.6

2.7

2.3

1.a

1.7

1.5

2.6

1.9

2.7

2.0

2.0

1.5

5.3

2.8

2.6

1 .a

1 .a

1.6

3.0

2.0

2.9

2.4

2.2

1.6

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

. . .

7

20

2

16

17

10

–5

–15

–17

–12

-9

-7

a

la

1

19

la

10

4

-13

-11

–a

–5

–6

12

-11

13

–a

10

–5

NOTE: Nawtivaslgns lndicatmhf~harmacm valumfordw Iownstthan forrhahighRt Innnual family income oreducarional level.

average, the tallest adults within each age category are

those at the highest educational level. Thq largest

differences in mean height between the highest and

lowest educational levels occur in the younger ages,

among those under 35 years. Overall, adults with 13

years or more of education averaged 1.7 inches taller

than those with less than 9 years of education.

Sex and age.–Males with 13 years or more of

education were observed to be consistently taller than

males at any other educational level for each age

category (figure 3). The greatest difference in mean

height, 3.2 inches, occurs between the lowest and

highest educational levels for males ages 18-24 yeas.

Males ages 25-34 and 35-44 years show differences of

about 1.5 inches, and those ages 55-64 and 65-74

years show differences of 1.0 inch in mean height

between the lowest and highest educational levels

(table A). Overall, males ages 18-74 years with 13

years or more of education were 1.7 inches taller than

those with less than 9 years of education.

16

2

15

10

3

3

4

-15

–a

-12

–16

-8

17

1

17

10

2

3

4

-13

–6

-6

–13

–7

9

–1 o

9

-a

1s

–13

-1

9

-15

6

6

4

-11

–23

–25

-23

–21

–14

11

–19

7

6

3

–1 o

-21

-22

-22

–17

-13

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

15

31

19

26

2a

16

1

–7

-9

-1

3

16

25

21

31

30

17

2

-5

6

7

1

..-

. . .

.-.

. . .

. .

. . .

6

–14

a

4

–5

-2

–12

-22

-17

–21

-25

-12

2

–15

a

3

-6

–2

-13

–21

–16

–17

-23

–11

..-

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

26

la

22

16

11

a

4

-a

1

-3

–7

4

32

17

26

17

10

a

5

-5

4

5

–3

–3

---

. . .

..-

-..

---

-..

Like males, successive cohorts of females with 13

years or more of education were observed to be taller

than females at any other educational level (figure 4);

the differences in the means between the lowest and

highest educational levels for each age category from

18-24 years to 65-74 years are about 2 inches or less

(table A). The mean height of females ages 18-74

years, like that of males, is directly related to

educational level; on the average, females with 13

years or more of education were observed to be 1.5

inches taller than females with less than 9 years of

education.

Race, sex, and age.–On the average, the taller

white males of each age category (as was the case for

all males) were observed to be those with 13 years or

more of education (table 5). White males ages 18-24

years show the largest observed difference im mean

height, 3.3 inches, as educational level increases from

less than 9 years to 13 years or more. Observed

differences in mean height between the lowest and

..

.; 7
18-24 25-34 3544

Age in years

Annual family income

B Under $4,000

E $4,000-$6,999

El $7,000-$-9,999

El $10,000-$14,999

II $15,000 and over

45-54 55-64 65-74

Figure 1. Mean height of males ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States, 1971-74

highest educational levels for white males of other age

groups are less than 2 inches (table A). Overall, white

males ages 18-74 years with less than 9 years of

education were observed to be 1.8 inches shorter than

their counterparts with 13 years or more of education. Black males ages 18-74 years with 13 years or

more of education were observed to be taller on the

average than black males at any other educational

level; however, compared with the difference of 1.8

inches for white males ages 18-74 years, black males

ages 18-74 years with 13 years or more of education

were 1.3 inches taller than those with less than 9

years of education (table A). Interracial differences in

mean height for males are less than 1 inch (table B).

White females were observed to be consistently

taller at each higher educational level for each

successive age category (table 6). The largest observed

differences in mean height between the lowest and

highest educational levels, 2.2 inches, occur for white

females ages 18-24 and 35-44 years. The mean

differences for other age groups are less than 1.6

inches (table A). The overall age-adjusted average

height of white and black females ages 18-74 years

changes by 1.7 inches and 0.8 inch, respectively,

between the lowest and highest educational levels

(table A). The overall observed interracial differences

range from 0.8 inch (black females taller than white

females ages 18-74 years) at less than 9 years of

education to virtually no difference (O.1 inch) in

mean height at 13 years or more of education.

8
Annual family income

Under $4,000

~ $4,000-$6,999

75-

70 –

65 -

60 –

55 -

oL

H$7,000-$9,999

Ei $10,000-$14,999

c1$15,000 and over

10-24 25-34 3544 45-54 55-64

Age in years

6S74

Figure 2. Mean height of femeles ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States, 1971-74

Observed interracial differences in height for females height for males of each age group as urbanization

ages 18-74 years decrease as educational level increases (table B).

Urbanization status

Age. –The mean height of adults ages 18-74 years

by urbanization status, sex, and age is presented in

table 7. The mean height of adults is about the same

for each age as the level of urbanization changes; the

small obsewed differences could probably be accounted for by sampling variation. As shown in table

7, the observed average height of adults ages 18-74

years is not related to urbanization status.

Sex and age.–Observed differences in mean

status changes are less than 1 inch. This finding is also

true for females (table C). Although males ages 65-74

years living in rural areas were only 0.5 inch taller

than those living in urbanized areas, this difference is

statistically significant. There are no statistically

significant differences in mean height between urbanized and rural dwellers for females of any of the six

age categories. Overall, the age-adjusted mean height

for males and females ages 18-74 years is generally

the same for urbanized and rural dwellers (table 7).

Race, sex, and age. –For white males of each age

category, the observed mean height remains generally

the same as urbanization status changes from urbanized to rural (table 8). The largest observed differ9
Table B. Interracial differences in age-adjusted mean height and maan weight of adults ,ages 18-74 years, by sex and selected socioeconomic i]nd

geographic variables: United Statas, 1971-74

Mean height Mean weight

Selected socioeconomic and geographic variables Differences in inches Differences in pounds

Males Females Males Females —

‘<

Annual family income

Under $4,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,5 –0.3 -4 –13

$4,000-$6,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0,1 –0.1 2 –12

$7.000-$9,999.,.,...-......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –3 –11

$10,000-$14,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 –0.2 5 –12

$15,000mdOVer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 –0.3 –2 –16

Educational level

Less than 9years ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.8 3 –14

9-n years . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 –0.3 –16

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1...1. 0,5 0,3 4 –11

13yearsor more ..,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0,1 –7 –9

Urbanization status

Urbanizedarea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 2 –13

Urban area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 –0.2 5 –23

Rural area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1 –15

Geographic region

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 -5 –12

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 O.i 2 –8

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,8 0.1 2 –19

Waft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.1 -0.4 -4 –13

NOTE: Negative signs indicate higher mean ualuas for black persons than for white persons.

ences (less than 1 inch) are found in age categories 55

years and over. These differences parallel the findings

formales in general. Generally, the shortest white or

black males lived in urban areas; however, there is

little observed interracial difference in mean height of

males who lived in urbanized or rural areas (table B).

Overall, the largest racial difference in mean height,

0.9 inch, was observed for urban areas. On the

average, white males ages 18-74 years were observed

to be taller than black males at each level of

urbanization status; however, the observed differencesin mean height are less than 1 inch.

As observed for white males, themean height of

white females remains fairly stable for each age

category as urbanization status vanes (table 9). The

observed differences between urbanized and rural

areas are negligible. Overall, the age-adjusted mean

height of black females ages 18-74 years equals or

exceeds that of white females ages 18-74 years; the

opposite is true for black males ages 18-74 years.

There is little observed interracial difference inmean

height for both sex groups ages 18-74 years (table B).

Geographic region

Age.–The distribution of mean height by geographic region, sex, andageis presented in table 10.

The observed mean height of adults vanes slightly for

each age category across geographic regions. The /

largest of allobsenred differences, 1.4 inches, occurs

for adults ages 55-64 years living in the Northeast and

South regions. Overall, the observed regional difference in mean height for adults ages 18-74 years is 16ss

than linch.

Sex and age. –Males and females of each age

category show small observed regional differences in

mean height. On the average, males of each age

category living in the Northeast were observed to ~be

shorter than those living in any other region; this

finding is also true for females, For each age category

35 years and over, the mean height of males living in

the Northeast is statistically different from those

living in the South: The differences in mean height

range from 1.0 inch at ages 65-74 years to 1.4 inches at

ages 55-64 years (table C). The mean height of

females of each age category living in the Northeast

region is significantly different from those living in

the South region.

Race, sex, and age.–The distribution of males’

mean height by geographic region, race, and age is

shown in table 11. The observed differences between

the Northeast and South regions are generally larger

for white males for each age group than for black

males (table C). On the average, white males ages

18-74 years living in the Midwest and South were

observed to be taller than black males in these regions

by 0.9 inch and 0.8 inch, respectively; black males ages

18-74 years were observed to be taller than white

10
Educational Iavel

70 –

65 –

60 –

55 —

f- 0

r

■ kethan9years

❑ 9-11 years

I?zl

12 years

❑ l,ywsorrnore

n r

18-24 25-34 3544 45-54

Age in years

55-64 65-74

Figure3, Mean height ofmales agesl18-74 years byage and educational level: lJnited States, 1971-74

miles living in the other regions by only 0.2 inch or and South regions (table C). Generally, black females

less (table B). living in the West were observed to be taller than those

The distribution of females’ mean height by geographic region, race, and age is shown in table 12. The

regional differences in height are 1 inch or less within

each of the six age categories for white females. On the

average, the taller white females of each age catego~

generally lived in the South, and the shortest white

females lived in the Northeast. The largest regional

difference in mean height, 1.5 inches, was observed for

black females ages 55-64 years living in the Northeast

living in any other region; those living in the Northeast

were generally the shortest (table 12). The age-adjusted

mean height of white females ages 18-74 years equals

or exceeds that of black females ages 18-74 years in

every region except the West. The interracial differences in the age-adjusted mean height for males

and females ages 18-74 years for each geographic

region are generally of the same magnitude as those

found for urbanization status (table B).

11
Educational level

C.-

E

.-:

z

75

70

65

60

55

~

0

/

/

18-24 25-34

r

35-44

r

45-54

Age in years

r

55-64

■ Less than 9years

❑ 9-,1 years

B

12 years

11 13 vears or more

65-74

—

Figure 4. Mean height of females ages 18-74 years bv age and educational level: United States, 1971-74

12
Table C, Differences in mean height and mean weight (with confidence limits) of adults ages 18-74 years between urbanized and rural areas and between the Northeast

and South regions, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74

Mean hei& t Mean weigh t

Differences in inches 95% confidence limits Differences in pounds 95% confidence limits

Race, sex, and agc

Urbanized Nortlreast Urbanized and Northeast and Urbanized Northeast Urbanized and Northeast arsd

and and rural areas South regions and and rural areas

rural South

South regions

rural South

areas regions Lower Upper Lowar Upper areas regions Lower Upper Lower Upper

ALL RACES

Males

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-Wvears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Femalm

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54yean . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White males

18-24vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54yean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black males

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-Wlyears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White females

18-24vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Slack females

lB-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

Males,18-74years . . . . . . . .

Females, 18-74years . . . . . .

White males, 18-74years . . . .

White females, lB-74years . . .

Black males, 18-74yeam . . . .

81ackfemales, 18-74yeara . . .

0.2

-0.2

0.1

–0.2

–0.5

-0.5

-0.1

0.2

-0.4

-0.3

0.3

-0.2

-0.1

-0.5

-0.5

-0.6

0.3

1.3

–0.4

–o. 1

0.2

0.1

–0.1

0.3

–0.4

-0.4

–0.5

0.8

-0.5

–0.2

–0.7

0.4

-0.2

-0.1

–0.1

0.2

0.1

–0.2

–0.2

–0.7

–1.2

–1.1

–1.4

–1.0

–0.7

-0.4

-0.8

–0.8

–1.0

–0.7

–0.3

–0.7

–1 .3

-1.4

-1.7

-1.1

0.3

–0.3

0.3

-0.4

0.2

–0.6

–0.7

–0.7

–0.B

–0.7

–0.9

–0.7

–1.1

0.4

–0.7

–1 .3

–1 .5

0.2

–0.9

-0.B

–1 .0

–0.B

–0.7

-0.6

-0.7

-0.4

-0.B

–1 .1

–0.8

-0.4

-0.3

–0.5

-0.2

–0.9

-0.7

–0.5

–0.7

-0.5

–0.7

–1 .2

–0.9

–2.4

–1 .8

–0.5

-1.5

–1 .4

–0.7

–0.3

–0.5

–0.4

–0.1

–0.9

-0.8

–1.1

0.1

–1 .4

–1 .7

–1 .7

–0.3

. . .

. . .

-..

---

..-

. . .

1.0

0.3

0.6

0.4

0.1

–0.2

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.6

0.1

0.1

1.1

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.2

-0.1

1.2

2.4

3.1

0.7

1.2

1.1

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.7

0.1

0.0

0.1

1.5

0.4

1.3

0.3

1.1

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.-.

–1.0

–1 .5

–1 .9

–1 .B

–2.2

–1 .4

–1.1

–0.8

–1 .3

–1 .3

–1 .4

–1.1

–1 .3

–1 .6

–1 .9

–2.2

–2.7

–1 .6

–1 .6

–2.2

–2.5

–1 .6

–1 .4

-1.3

–1.2

–1.1

–1.3

–1 .3

-1.4

-1.1

–2.0

–0.6

–1.7

–2.7

–3.2

–0.8

-..

..-

..-

. . .

---

. . .

0.6

0.1

–0.5

-0.4

–0.6

–0.6

–0.3

0.0

–0.3

–0.3

–0.6

-0.3

0.7

0,2

-0.7

–0.6

–0.7

-0.6

2.2

1.6

3.1

0.8

1.8

0.1

–0.2

–0.3

–0.3

–0.1

–0,4

-0.3

–0.2

1.4

0.3

0.1

0.2

1.2

. . .

. . .

-..

-..

. . .

---

–9

–3

-4

–3

-2

–3

–3

–4

–5

–1

-8

–1

-4

–4

5

–20

–5

–13

9

–8

-4

4

4

–2

–5

–5

-5

10

–18

–25

–1

1

–3

–3

–2

-4

–5

–6

–2

–2

4

4

4

4

–5

–5

–2

–2

2

2

4

–1

–2

31

–25

10

10

–1

–1

–3

4

–2

1

–11

–8

–9

2

–18

6

–3

–1

5

–7

–8

–16

–6

–6

–9

-B

–6

-6

–7

–9

–1 o

–1 o

–1 o

–14

–6

-7

–11

–9

–12

-89

–24

–31

–20

–20

–8

–9

–9

-7

–11

–1 o

–13

–1

–35

–53

-20

–18

---

-..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

8

–2

6

6

3

2

1

3

2

8

–2

6

5

3

1

22

49

14

5

38

4

1

1

3

1

3

21

3

3

18

20

---

---

---

-..

. . .

---

–11

–9

–lo

-4

-3

-5

–8

-8

–13

–8

–12

–6

–13

–1 o

–7

–7

-13

–7

–18

43

42

–3

42

–2

–6

–7

-12

–3

–9

–6

-26

–21

-25

-32

49

–19

. . .

.-.

. . .

. . .

-..

. . .

7

9

6

12

11

5

3

8

2

6

9

6

11

11

5

5

14 “

105

–8

23

42

22

4

5

6

11

5

8

4

5

7

36

13

31

---

. . .

---

.-.

NOTE: Negative signs indicate higher mean values far rural areas than for urbanized areas, Orhigher mean values f.arzha SOuth region than for the Northaast region.

13
Findings for weight

Annual family income

Age. –Mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years by

annual family income, sex, and age is presented in

table 13. Adults with an annual income of $15,000

and over were observed to be heavier than those with

an annual income under $4,000 for every age

category except ages 35-44 years. On the average,

adults ages 35-44 years with an annual income under

$4,000 were observed to weigh 6 pounds more than

those with an annual income of $15,000 and over.

The observed differences in mean weight between the

lowest and highest income levels for the remaining

age categories range from 3 pounds at ages 18-24

years to 8 pounds at ages 55-64 years. The overall

age-adjusted mean weight for adults ages 18-74 years is

higher at each successive income level, with an

observed difference of 2 pounds between the lowest

and highest income levels.

Sex and age.–Ti~: mean weight of males peaks at

annual income levels of $7,000-$9,999 for ages 18-24

years, $10,000-$14,999 for ages 25-34 years, and

$15,000 and over for ages 35 years and over. The

lowest mean weight is found at an annual income

level of $4,000-$6,999 for ages 45-54 years and at an

annual income level of under $4,000 for all other ages

(figure 5), Males ages 25-34, 45-54,55-64, and 65-74

years with an annual income of $15,000 and over

were found to be significantly heavier than those with

an annual income under $4,000 by 20, 16, 17, and 10

pounds, respectively. Overall, the age-adjusted mean

weight differs by 12 pounds between the lowest and

highest income levels for males ages 18-74 years

(table A).

The findings for females are the convene of the

findings for males. On the average, the heaviest

females were observed to be those with an annual

income under $4,000, and the less heavy or lightest

females were those with an annual income of $10,000

and over (figure 6). The differences in mean weight

between the lowest and highest income levels range

from 5 pounds at ages 18-24 years to 17 pounds at

ages 35-44 years (table A).

A direct relationship between income and mean

weight was observed for males ages 18-74 years,

whereas an inverse relationship was observed between

incofie and mean weight for females ages 118-74

years. Females with an annual income of $15,000 and

over were observed to be 11 pounds lighter than

those with an annual income under $4,000.

Race, sex, and age.–Data on mean weight of

white males by income, as shown in table 14, parallel

the findings for all males. The heaviest white males,

on the average, were observed to be those with an

annual income of $15,000 and over, and the l,east

heavy were those with an annual income under

$4,000. Observed differences in mean weight between

the lowest and highest income levels are 10 pounds or

more for each age category except ages 18-24 and

35-44 years (table A). Overall, white males ages 18-74

years with an annual income of $15,000 and cwer

were observed to be 13 pounds heavier than those

with an annual income under $4,000. The overall

age-adjusted mean weight of black males ages 18-74

years is highest for those with an annual income of

$15,000 and over; black males at this income level

were observed to be 10 pounds heavier than those

whose annual income was under $4,000. However,

the interracial differences in the age-adjusted means

for males ages 18-74 years by annual income level are

less than 6 pounds (table B).

The mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by

annual family ticome, race, and age is presented in

table 15, Unlike white males, the heaviest white

females were generally those with an income under

$4,000.

Generally, younger white females ages 44 Yeas

and under with an annual income of $15,000 and

over showed the 10west mean weight; the lowest

mean weight was observed for white females ages 55

years and over at the income level of $4,000-$6,999.

The largest observed differences in mean weight

14
Annual family income

~ Uncler.W,ClCN3

200

[

a.$4,000-$6,999

E/ $7,000-$9,999

g $10,000-$14,999

El $15,000and over

18-24 25-34 354’4 45-54

Age in years

55-64 65-74

Figure 5, Mean weight of males ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United &ates, 1971-74

between the lowest and highest income levels are 13

pounds and 11 pounds for white females, respectively, ages 25-34 and 35-44 years (table A). The

highest age-adjusted mean weight of white females

ages 18-74 years is found at the lowest income level;

those with an annual income under $4,000 were

observed to be 8 pounds heavier than those with an

annual income of $15,000 and over. The age-adjusted

mean weight of black females ages 18-74 years differs

by 5 pounds between those with an annual income

under $4,000 and those with an annual ticome of

$15,000 and over (table A).

The age-adjusted mean weight of black females is

consistently higher than the age-adjusted mean weight

for white females ages 18-74 years at every income

level. The observed interracial differences in mean

weight range from 11 pounds at $7,000-$9,000 to 16

pounds at $15,000 and over per year. The observed

interracial differences in mean weight for each income level are much larger for females than for males

ages 18-74 years (table B).

Educational level

Age. –The mean weight of adults as shown in

table 16 is not consistently lower or higher at any one

educational level as age increases from 18 to 74 years.

Adults ages 55-64 years comprise the only group to

show a consistently lower mean weight as educationzd

level increases from less than 9 years to 13 years or

more.

Adjusting for age, adults ages 18-74 years with

less than 9 years of education were observed not to

be heavier than those with 13 years or more of

15
Annual family income

m

Under $4,000

E

$4,000-$6,999

9

999

over

:

2

0

0.

c

.-

E

.:

%

c

z

z

10-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74

Age in years

Figure 6. Mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United Stetes, 1971-74

education, but 3 pounds heavier than those with the lowest and highest education~ levels for each age

exactly 12 years of education.

Sex and age. –The mean weight of males with less

than 12 years of education is generally lower than

that of males with 12 years or more of education for

each age category (figure 7). Differences in mean

weight of 10 pounds or more between the lowest and

highest educational levels were observed for males

ages 18-24, 35-44, and 45-54 years (table A). The

overall age-adjusted mean weight for males with 13

years or more of education is 9 pounds higher than

for those with less than 9 years of education.

The mean weight for females generally decreases

as educational level increases for successive age

categories (figure 8). Females also show generally

large decreases (differences) in mean weight between

16

category (table A).

Overall, the mean weight is inversely related tcl

educational level for females ages 18-74 years,

Females ages 18-74 years with less than 9 years of

education, on the average, weighed 10 pounds more

than females with 13 years or more of education

(table A).

Race, sex, and age.–The mean weight of white

and black males ages 18-74 years is shown in table 17.

Generally, the heavier white males of each age category were observed to be those at the highest

educational level. The age-adjusted mean weight of

white males ages 18-74 years with 13 years or more

of education was observed to be 9 pounds higher than

for those males with less than 9 years of education
Educational level

200

175

c

125

E

100

/

/

o

Lessthan 9 years

E

9-11 years

❑12 years

n

13 yearsor more

n r

18-24 25-34 36-44

Age in

45-54

years

55-64 65-74

Figure 7. Mean weight of males ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74

(table A). On the average, the age-adjusted mean

weight of black males ages 18-74 years is 18 pounds

higher for those with 13 years or more of education

than for those with less than 9 years (table A). The

mean interracial differences for males range from less

than 1 pound at 9-11 years of education to 7 pounds

at 13 years or more (table B).

Unlike white males, the heavier white females of

each age category were generally observed to be those

at the lowest e-durational level (table 18). The

observed differences in white females’ mean weight

between the lowest and highest educational levels are

less than 8 pounds for all age groups except ages

25-34 and 55-64 years. The observed differences at

these ages are each 13 pounds (table A). Overall,

age-adjusted white females with less than 9 years of

education were 8 pounds heavier than those with 13

years of education or more; the corresponding value

for black females is 13 pounds (table A). On the

average, black females ages 18-74 years with less than

9 years of education weighed 14 pounds more than

their white counterparts; however, the differences

decrease to 9 pounds at 13 yearn or more of

education (table B).

Urbanization status

Age. –Adults of each age category living in rural

areas were generally observed to be heavier than those

living in either urban or urbanized areas (table 19).

The observed differences in mean weight between

those adults living in urbanized areas and those living

17
18-24 25-34 3544

Age in

45-54

years

55-64

Educational level

Less than 9 years

E

9-11 years

❑12years

n

13 years or more

65-74

in rural areas range from less than 1 pound for

persons ages 45-54 years to 4 pounds for persons ages

55-74 years. Overall, the heaviest adults ages 18-74

years were those living in rural areas, followed by

those living in urbanized areas. Those living in urban

areas generally had the lowest average weight.

Sex and age.–Table 19 shows that males ages

25-34 years display the largest observed change in

mean weight by urbanization status. Males ages 25-34

years living in rural areas were found to be statistically heavier than those living in urbanized areas.

The remaining age categories of males show no

significant differences bet ween urbanized and rural

areas. Overall, males ages 18-74 living in rural areas

averaged 3 pounds heavier than those living in

urbanized areas (table C).

On the average, females of each age category

18

Figure 8. Mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by age and educational Ieval: United States, 1971-74

living in rural areas were consistently observed to be

heavier than those living in urbanized areas (table 19).

The observed differences in mean weight between

urbanized and rural areas range from 2 pounds for

females ages 25-34 years to 5 pounds for females ages

65-74 years. Only the mean weight of females agm

18-24 years shows a statistically significant difference

between urbanized and rural areas. Overall, females

ages 18-74 years living in rural areas were observed lo

weigh 3 pounds more than those living in urbanized

areas.

Race, sex, and age.–The mean weight of males

and females by urbanization status, race, and age is

shown in tables 20 and 21. On the average, the

highest mean weights for white males in the youngest

age groups (under 35 years) were observed in rural

zweas; for those ages 35-54 years, in urbanized areas;
and for those ages 55 years and over, in urban areas.

The largest observed difference in mean weight

between urbanized and rural areas, 8 pounds, occurs

for white males ages 25-34 years. The observed

differences in mean weight between urbanized and

rural areas for white males of the o]der age categories

are generally of the same magnitude as those for all

males. On the average, white males ages 18-74 years

living in rural areas were observed to be 2 pounds

heavier than those living in urbanized areas and 4

pounds heavier than those living in urban areas (tables

C and 20). The observed differences in average weight

between urbanized and rural areas for black males ~e

at least 5 pounds for each age category; however, the

observed differences are not consistently in the same

direction (table C).

The age-adjusted average weight of black males

ages 18-74 years living in rural areas is 5 pounds more

than for black males living in urbanized rueas and 8

pounds more than for black males living in urban

areas (tables C and 20). The interracial difference in

age-adjusted mean weight of males ages 18-74 years is

2 pounds for those living in urbanized areas. The

difference increases to 5 pounds for urban areas, then

decreases to less than 1 pound for rural areas (table

B).

Females’ mean weight by race, age, and urbanization status is shown in table 21. On the average, white

females of each age category except 25-34 years living

in rural areas were heavier than their cohorts living in

other seas. The observed differences in mean weight

bet ween urbanized and rural areas range from 2

pounds at ages 45-54 years to 5 pounds at ages 65-74

years. These differences parallel those found for all

females (table C). Black females, like black males,

show varying magnitudes of observed differences in

mean weight between urbanized and rural areas by

age. Each age category’ of black females except ages

25-34 and 65-74 years shows a higher mean weight

for rural areas than for urbanized areas. The observed

mean weight of black females ages 3544 and 45-54

years living in rural areas exceeds that of their

counterparts living in urbanized areas by 16 pounds

and 25 pounds, respectively (table C). Overall, black

and white females ages 18-74 years living in rural

areas were observed to be heavier than their respective cohorts living in urbanized areas; black females

ages 18-74 years were observed to be heavier than

white females at each urbanization status (table 21).

The observed interracial differences in age-adjusted

mean weight for females ages 18-74 years are 13

pounds for urbanized residents, 23 pounds for urban

residents, and 15 pounds for rural residents (table B).

Geographic region

Age. –The mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years

by geographic region, sex, and age is presented in

table 22. On the average, adults of each age category

living in the Midwest were generally observed to be

heavier than adults living in any other geographic

region. The largest observed regional difference in

mean weight is less than 8 pounds. This is seen

between adults ages 55-64 yearn living in the Northeast region and the Midwest region. The age-adjusted

mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years living in the

Midwest region exceeds that of those living in the

West region by 5 pounds and exceeds that of other

adults in the other regions by less than 5 pounds.

Sex and age. –As shown in table 22, males and

females of successive age categories living in the

Midwest region were generally observed to be heavier

than those living in other regions. The largest regional

difference in mean weight for males is less than 9

pounds and occum between males ages 25-34 years

living in the Midwest and South regions. Correspondingly, the largest observed difference in mean

weight for females is less than 7 pounds and occurs

between the Midwest and West regions for those ages

55-64 years. A comparison of the Northeast and

South regions shows no statistically significant differences in mean weight for males or females of any

age category (table C). Overall, the age-adjusted

average weight for each sex ages 18-74 years varies

less than 6 pounds among the regions (table 22).

Race, sex, and age.–The mean weight of males

ages 18-74 years by geographic region, race, and age is

shown in table 23. Large regional differences in

average weight, which exceed 6 pounds, were observed for white males ages 25-34, 55-64, and 65-74

years. Generally, white males living in the Midwest

region were heavier than those living in any other

geographic region. Black males’ mean weight show no

consistent patterns by geographic region. The variations in average weight for black males of each age

category are explained in part by the small number of

cases in some cells. Overall, black males ages 18-74

years living in the Northeast and West regions were 5

pounds and 4 pounds heavier, respectively, than

white males ages 18-74 years living in the same

regions. However, white males ages 18-74 years living

in the Midwest and South regions were 2 pounds

heavier than black males ages 18-74 yearn living in

those regions (table B).

As shown in table 24, the mean weight of white

females by geographic region and age generally

parallel those for all females. For each age categoW

except 3544 yeas, white females living in the

Midwest region were observed to be heavier than

white females living in any other region. Generally,

observed regional differences in average weight for

white females of each age category are less than 10

pounds. On the average, white females ages 18-74

years living in the Midwest region were observed to be

about 4 pounds heavier than white females ages 18-74

years living in the Northeast and South regions, but

19
they were about 6 pounds heavier than white females 18-74 years were observed to be consistently heavier

ages 18-74 years living in the West region. Some large than white females ages 18-74 years for each o:f the

differences in mean weight were’ observed between four geographic regions. Within the Northeast region,

the Northeast and Midwest regions for black females black females were, on the average, 12 pounds

ages 18-24 years between the Midwest and West heavier; within the Midwest region, 8 pounds heawier;

regions for black females ages 35-44 years, and within the South region, 19 pounds heavier; and

between the South and West regions for black females within the West region, 13 pounds heavier (table B).

ages 55-64 years. On the average, black females ages

20
Discussion

In this report, the mean height and weight of

adults ages 18-74 years are analyzed according to age,

sex, race, and socioeconomic and geographic variables. The body measurements were collected as part

of the anthropometry battery of the fust National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES

I) of 1971-74. The survey provides cross-sectional

data and is representative of the U.S. civilian,

noninstitutionalized population.

Cross-sectional data on adults’ body measurements were obtained for different age cohorts. The

age trends show the mean height and weight for

successive age cohorts and reflect the effects of

different environmental and hereditary influences. 4

The limitation of cross-sectional data is recognized

when considering changes over time. Patterns of

increased height and weight in a cross-sectional survey

may be influenced by a secular trend in body size for

successive generations. The NHANES I height and

weight measures represent the most recently available

cross-sectional data from which estimates can be

generalized to the U.S. population.

Body measurements depend in part on nutrient

supplys and thus provide one method of assessing

nutritional status. Height and weight measures are

informative though limited in interpretive value unless viewed in terms of total body composition. Body

weight is influenced by many factors, such as fat,

bone, and muscle. The separation of body weight into

its primary components would aid in describing one

component of the population’s nutritional status.

This report outlines many observations about

mean height and weight by age, sex, race, and

socioeconomic and geographic variables. Further research is necessary in order to relate many of the

differences to other variables, such as dietary intake,

exercise, and other components of body composition.G This kind of investigation could help clarify

some of the different patterns observed for the

socioeconomic and geographic variables. Moreover,

evaluation of the significance of individual differences

in body composition must be applied to such criteria

as performance capacity, morbidity, and mortality.

An operational definition is needed, in contrast to the

statistical descriptions of body measurements presented in this report.

Income and educational differences

Males and females of successive age categories

were observed to be taller as income and educational

levels increased. Younger individuals (those with

higher incomes and more education) were generally

the tallest, and older individuals (those with lower

incomes and less education) were observed to be the

shortest. Findings horn the series Curren.t Population

Reports indicate that the proportion of persons ages

25 years and over with less than 4 years of high

school education has been declining and that the

proportion of persons ages 25 years and over with 4

years or more of college education is increasing. 7

These patterns of increased educational and income

levels are reflected in the NHANES I data. The reader

should be cognizant of differences in family income

and educational levels among the four race-sex groups

of adults ages 18-74 yearn since, in this report,

adjustments are made only for differences in the age

distributions.

The differences in the age-adjusted mean height

between the lowest and highest levels of income and

education were observed to be less than 4 inches for

adults ages 18-74 years by sex and race for each age

category. The mean height of males ages 55-64 and

65-74 yeans with an annual income of $15,000 and

over was found to be statistically different from that

of their birth cohorts with an annual income under

$4,000 (table A).

There is no statistically significant difference in

the mean height between the highest and lowest

income levels for females of any of the six age

categories. However, the observed differences in

age-adjusted mean height between the higihest and the

21
lowest educational levels are larger than those observed between comparable income levels for each sex

and for the four race-sex groups ages 18-74 years.

Interracial differences in age-adjusted mean height for

both sexes are small (1 inch or less within each

income or education stratum) and are of little

consequence from a comparative or evaluative standpoint.

The mean weight of males and females shows

opposite patterns as both annual family income and

education increase from the 10west to highest levels.

A direct association between each socioeconomic

variable and mean weight was found for males; an

indirect association was found for females. This

fiiding is true for white adults of each sex ages 18-74

years.

The association between education and mean

weight is more pronounced than the association

between income and mean weight for black females;

the association is the same for white females ages

18-74 years for both socioeconomic variables. Moreover, interracial differences in mean weight for

females are in@ectly related to educational level.

The finding that the mean weight of black and

white males is not inversely related to income or

educational level does not necessarily mean that they

are not concerned about weight loss. Males probably

are concerned but to a lesser degree than females are.

According to findings from the National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS), 49 percent of all females

ages 17 years and over perceived themselves as

overweight compared with 31 percent of males.g This

statement is reinforced by findings from the

NHANES I data on actual physical measurements,

which show that 23 percent of females ages 20-74

years, compared with 13 percent of males, were

assessed as obese. Thus, the finding that males’ mean

weight does not vary inversely with socioeconomic

status seems to be related to the fact that males do

not perceive themselves to be overweight or as

overweight as females perceive themselves to be.

There are other factors that may affect the relationship of mean weight and socioeconomic status for

males; however, males’ perceptions of themselves as

not overweight is certainly an important factor.

Urbanization and regional differences

A comparison between urbanized and rural areas

and between the Northeast and South regions shows

small but consistent differences in mean height of 0.8

inch or less and 1.7 inches or less respectively, for

adults ages 18-74 years by sex and for each race-sex

group. Only males in age categories 35 years ancl over

living in the South region were found to be statistically taller than males living in the Northeast region.

Adults ages 18-74 years of each sex living in rural

areas and in the South region were observed to be

heavier, on the average, than those living in urbanized

areas and the Northeast region. Differences in mean

weight are larger for black adults for each sex than

for white adults. In making comparisons by race, the

age-adjusted mean differences should be used since

they are more stable and are generally comparable to

those of white adults.

Neither males nor females by age show any

statistically significant difference in mean weight

between the South and Northeast regions, As slhown

earlier for socioeconomic variables, large differences

in mean weight by race for each urbanization status

and each geographic region were found for females.

The age-adjusted mean weight of black females ages

18-74 years exceeds that of white females ages ![8-74

years by at least 13 pounds or more for each

urbanization status and by at least 8 pounds for each

geographic region.

In general, white males ages 18-74 years were

observed to be heavier and taller than black males,

and black females ages 18-74 years were obserwd to

be generally taller and consistently heavier than white

females for each urbanization status and each geographic region.

22
Summary

In this report, the mean height and weight of

persons ages 18-74 yearn in the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population, as obtained by the first

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of

1971-74, are described by age, sex, race, and socioeconomic and geographic vanabIes. Major findings tie

summarized as follows:

Males and females were observed to be generally

taller as annual income increases from under

$4,000 to $15,000 and over for successive birth

cohorts. This finding is also true for white adults

by sex.

On the average, males ages 55-64 and 65-74 yea-s

with an annual income of $15,000 and over are

statistically taller than those with an annual

income under $4,000. There are no statistical

differences in females’ mean height for the two

income levels.

Interracial differences in mean height by sex for

adults ages 18-74 years are less than 1 inch.

Recognizing the small differences, the mean

height of black females ages 18-74 years equals or

exceeds that of white females ages 18-74 years,

and the mean height of white males ages 18-74

years generally exceeds that of black m~es ages

18-74 years.

For each sex and age category, adults with 13

years or more of education were observed to be

consistently taller, on the average, than those at

any other educational level.

The mean height of males and females ages 18-74

yeas is directly related to income and educational levels.

There is no statistically significant difference in

females’ mean height between urbanized and rural

areas; however, males ages 65-74 yearn living in

rural areas were found to be statistically taller

than their counterparts living in urbanized areas.

Males and females living in the Northeast region

were observed to be shorter than those living in

any other region. Males ages 35 years and over

living in the South region Me statisticzdly taller

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

than their counterparts living in the Northeast

region. The mean height of females is statistically

different for each age category between those

living in the Northeast and South regions.

The heavier males of each age category were

generally observed to be those with an annual

income of $15,000 and over. In fact, males of

each age category except 18-24 and 35-44 years

with an annual income of $15,000 and over were

found to be statistically heavier than those with

an annual income under $4,000. The heavier

females of successive age categories, however,

were generally observed to be those with an

annual income under $4,000. Hence, mean weight

was observed to be inversely related to income for

females but directly related to income for males.

Males and females show opposite patterns in

mean weight as educational level increases from

less than 9 years to 13 years or more. This finding

is also true for income.

The mean weight for white adults of each sex

parallels those for all adults of each sex for successive birth cohorts as educational level increases.

The inte~acial difference in mean weight increases for males but decreases for females as the

level of education increases from less than 9 years

to 13 years or more.

Females living in rural areas were observed to be

generally heavier than those living in urbanized

areas. Only females ages 18-24 yearn living in rural

areas were found to be statistically heavier than

their counterparts living in urbanized areas.

For each sex of adults ages 18-74 years, those

living in rural areas were observed to be heavier

than those living in urbanized areas. This finding

is also true for each race-sex group.

Males ‘and females living in the Midwest region

were observed to be heavier than males and

females living in any other region.

Comparisons between the Northeast and South

regions show no statistically significant difference

in the mean weight of males or females.

23
1National Center for Health Statistics: Weight and hei@ of

adults 18-74 years of age: United States, 1971-74, by S.

Abraham, C. L. Johnson, and M. F. Najjar. Vital and Health

Statistics. Series 1l-No. 211. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1659.

Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing

Office, May 1979.

2National Center for Health Statistics: Weight by height and

age for adults 18-’?4 years: United States, 1971-74, by S.

Abraham, C. L. Johnson, and M. F. Najjar. Vital and Health

Statistics. Series 1l-No. 208. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1656.

Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing

Office, Sept. 1979.

3National Center for Health Statistics: Plan and operation of

the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States,

1971-1973, by H, W. Miller. Vital and Health Statistics. Series

1-Nos. 10a and 10b. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1310. Health

Resources Administration. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing Office, June 1979.

4Tanner, J. M., Hiemaux, J., and Jarman, S.: Growth and

Physique Studies in IBP Handbook No. 9. Human Biology: A

Guide to Field Methods, Weiner, J. S. and Lourie, J. A.

London. Internat. Biol, Programme, 1969.

5National Center for Health Statistics: Caloric and selected

nutrient values for persons 1-74 years of age: Fimt Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1971-1974, by

S, Abraham, M. D. Carroll, C. L. Johnson, and C. M. Dresser.

Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11-No. 209. DHEW Pub. No.

(PHS) 79-1657. Public Health Service. Washington, U.S.

Government Printing Office, June 1979.

6Keys, A., and Grande, F.: Body weight, body composition,

and czdoric status, in R. S. Goodhart and M, E. Shils, eds.,

Modern Nutrition in Health and Direase. Philadelphia. Lea and

Febiger, 1973. p. 20.

7U.S, Bmeau of the Census: Education~ att~nment, March

1972. Current Population Reports. Series P-20, No. 243.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972,

8U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Health,

United States, 1978. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 78-1232. Public

Health Semite. Washington. U.S. Government Pfiting Office,

Dec. 1978.

‘National Center for Health Statistics: The HANES Study,

Final Report. Prepared by the Institute for Survey Research.

HSM-1 10-73-376. Health Services and Mental Health Administration. Philadelphia. Temple University.

10U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: A

Comparison and Analysis of Examined and Unexamined

Per~ons on Medical Histoiy Characten%tics for the First Round

of the Health and Nutrition Examination Study HSM110-73-371. Prepared by Westat Inc. Rockville, Md. Jan. 24,

1974.

11National Center for Health Statistics: Factors related to

response in a Health Examination Survey: United States,

1960-1962. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 6. IBHEW

Pub. No. 36 (HSM) 73-1263. Health Services and Mental

Health Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing

Office, Aug. 1969.

12Wesley L. Schaible, Ph. D., Acting Chief, Methodological

Research Branch, National Center for Health Statistics: Memorandum to Arthur J. McDowell, Director. Division of Health

Examination Statistics, June 21, 1974.

13National Center for Health Statistics: HES Variance and

Cross Tabulation Program (In House fiogram), Version 2, by

G. Jones. Mar. 10, 1977. p. 11,

14Koch, G. G., Freeman, D. H., and Freeman, J. L.: Strategies

in the multivanate analysis of data from complex surveys. Int.

Stat. Rev. 43(1):59-78, 1975.

15Freeman, D. H., Freeman, J. L., Brock, D. B., and Koch,

G. G.: Strategies in the multivariate analysis of data from

complex surveys II: An application to the United States

National Health Interview Survey. Int. Stat. Rev. 44:317-330,

1976.

16Scheffe, H.: The Analysis of Variance. New York. John

Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1959.

17Jolmson, W., and Koch, G.: Analysis of qualitative data:

Linear functions. Health Seru. Res. 5(4):358-369, Winter

1970.

lsw~d, A.: Tests of statistical hypothesis concerning SWed

parameters when the number of observations is large. Trans.

Am. Math. Sot. 54:426, 1943.

19National Center for Health Statistics: Replication: An

approach to the analysis of data from complex surveys, by

P. J. McCarthy. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub, No.

1000-Series 2-No. 14. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, Apr. 1966.

20Freeman, D. H., and Brock, D. B.: The role of the covariance matrix estimation in the analysis of complex sample

survey data, in N. K. Namboodiu, cd., Survey Samplin,g und

Measurement. New York. Academic Press, 1978. pp. 1211-140.

24
List of detailed tables

1. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and

annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and ageadjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Height in inches of meles eges 18-74 yeers, by race, age, and

annual family income, maan, standard deviation, and ageadjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . , . . . .

3. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age,

and annual family income, maan, stendard daviation, and

age.adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and

y educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted

values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

“ 5. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and

educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted

values: United Statas,1971-74 . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~ 6. Height in Inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age,

and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and ageadjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Height in inches of adults aws 18-74 years, by sax, age, and

urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and aga-edjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S. Height in inchas of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and

urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 yeers, by race, age,

and urbanimtion status, mean, standard deviation, and

age-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . , . . . . . . , . .

10. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and

geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and

geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 ymrs, by race, age,

and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age.adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . .

13.

26

14.

27

15.

27

16.

28

17.

29

18.

28

19.

30

20.

31

21.

31

22.

32

23.

33

24.

33

Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and

annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and

annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-edjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age,

and family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and

educational level, maan, standard deviation, and age-adjusted

values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and

educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted

valuas: United Statesr 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age,

and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and aga-adjusted valuas: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of adults a- 18-74years, by sex, age, and

urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values: United Stetes,1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and

urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjustedveluas: United States, 1971-74 . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of females agea 18-74 years, by race, age,

and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and

age-adjusted values: United Stat=, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 yeers, by sex, racer

and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .

Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, aga, and

geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjustedvalues: United States, 1971-74 . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds of females agas 18-74 years, by race, age,

and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .

34

35

35

36

37

37

38

39

39

40

41

41

25
Table 1. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Annual family income

Sex and age

Under $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$74,999 $15,000 and over

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Maan

Standard

deviation Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

Both sexes

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9

25-34 veara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8

3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,0

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,....., 65.3

55-84yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2

65-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8

Males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3

18-24vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7

25-34vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9

45-54years ..,.....,,.. . . . . . . . . 68.3

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4

65-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7

Females

18-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3

25-34vears . . . . . . . . . ..n. . . . . . . . 63.8

3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5

45-54veere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes,18-74vears . . , . . . . . . . 65.5

Males, 18-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,6

Females, 18-74years . . . . . . . , . . . 63.4

3,8

3.9

3.8

4.0

3.4

3.5

3.4

3,1

2,9

3.3

3.2

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.7

24

2.6

2.5

.,.

.,.

.,

65.6

66.5

65.9

65.6

65.4

65.3

64.5

68.6

69.4

69.1

68.4

68.2

68.4

67.2

63.4

64.1

63.7

63.4

63.5

62.8

62.2

65.6

68.6

64.0

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.2

3.7

3.4

2.9

3.2

3.1

3.2

2.0

2.6

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.3

2.4

2,2

.,.

. . .

.,,

Height in inches

66,2

66.7

66.6

66.5

65.7

65.5

65.0

68.9

69,6

69.2

69.0

68.6

68.2

67.5

63.7

64.2

63.9

64.2

63.6

63.0

62.5

66.1

68.3

63,7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.4

3.5

3.5

2.8

2.7

2,7

3.0

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.3

. . .

,,.

.,.

66.7 3.7

67.1 3.8

67.2 3.8

66.7 3.4

66.6 3.6

65.7 4.0

65.0 3.3

69.4 2.7

69,9 2,7

70.0 2,8

69.2 2.5

68,9 2.6

68.7 2.5

67.9 2.3

64.0 2.5

64.5 2.6

84.4 2.4

64.4 2.3

63.8 2.3

62.5 2.5

63.0 2.3

66.6 . . .

69.3 . . .

63,9 . . .

66.8

67.2

67.1

66.8

66.6

66.1

65.9

69.3

69.9

69.9

69.5

69.2

68.3

68.3

63.9

64.2

64.3

64.1

63.8

62.7

62.6

66.7

69.3

63.8

3,7

3,8

3,9

3,5

3,7

3.7

3.7

2.7

2.6

2.9

2.3

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.1

2.6

2.3

. . .

,.,

.,.

26
Table2. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by ram, age, and annual family income, mean, stendard deviation, andage-adjusted values:

United States. 1971-74

Annual family income

Race and age

Under $4,0~ $4,000.$6,999 $7.mo-$9,999 $70,000-$14,999 $15,000 and over

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation deviation

White males Height in inches

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 3.1 68.5 3.0 68.9 2.8 69.4 2.7 69.4 2.6

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 2.9 69.3 3.3 69.7 2.6 69.9 2.8 70.0 2.6

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 3.0 69.2 3.1 69.3 2.6 70.2 2.7 70.0 2.8

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-68.9 2.7 68.4 3.3 68.8 3.0 69.3 2.5 69.7 2.1

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 2.9 68.3 2.1 68.7 2.5 68.9 2.6 69.2 2.8

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 2.7 68.4 2.7 68.2 2.7 68.7 2.5 68.4 2.5

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 2.7 67.2 2.3 67.5 2.6 67.9 2.3 68.3 2.4

Black males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 3.0 68.8 2.5 69.0 2.9 68.7 2.7 69.0 2.2

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 2.8 70.4 2.4 69.0 3.3 69.8 2.3 68.7 2.0

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 3.6 68.1 2.3 68.5 3.0 68.1 2.7 70.1 1.8

35-44years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 3.8 68.4 2.9 70.9 1.9 68.2 1.2 67.8 1.6

45-54Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 2.4 68.0 1.7 67.9 2.2 69.6 3.3 70.0 1.7

55-64Vears, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 2.2 68.6 1.8 68.5 3.0 70.3 2.4 66.8 1.9

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 2.5 67.7 2.2 67.8 2.1 68.1 2.0 *66.2 +3.7

Age-adjusted values:

White males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . 68.8 . . . 68.6 . . . 68.8 . . . 69.3 . . . 69.4 . . .

Black males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . 6B.3 . . . 68.7 . . . 6B.8 . . . 69.0 . . . 68.7 . . .

Table3. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and annual family income, mean, stendard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Annuaffamilyincome

Raceandap

LJnder$4,0W $4,000.$6,999 $7,m9,999 $70,m$14,999 $15,000 and over

Maan

Stino%rd

Mean

Standard

Maan

Standard

Maan

Standard

deviation Mean

Standard

&viation deviation deviation deviation

White females Height in inches

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 2.7 63.4 2.5 63.8 2.5 84.0 2.5 63.9 2.4

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 2.5 64.2 2.5 64.3 2.4 64.6 2.6 64.3 2.4

25-34Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 2.9 63.7 2.6 64.0 2.4 64.4 2.4 64.3 2.5

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.6 63.2 2.6 64.3 2.6 64.4 2.3 64.2 2.3

45-54years .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 2.5 63.5 2.2 63.6 2.4 63.8 2.3 63.7 2.1

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 2.5 63.0 2.2 63.1 2.2 62.5 2.5 62.7 2.6

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 2,5 62.2 2.2 62.5 2.3 63.0 2.2 62.6 2.3

Black females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 2.5 63.5 2.5 63.8 2.3 64.2 2.4 64.5 2.2

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 2.8 63.9 2.1 64.0 2.6 63.8 1.8 64.2 1.9

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.3 64.0 2.0 63.8 2.4 &4.3 2.7 64.4 2.4

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 2.5 64.1 2.5 64.3 2.5 64.9 2.0 63.4 2.5

45-54Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 2.3 63.6 2.4 64.0 1.5 63.9 2.5 65.4 1,4

55-64Vaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 2.5 60.9 2.9 62.6 1.3 *64.4 ●2.O ●64.5 *2.9

65-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.2 63.0 1.6 61.8 1.9 62.7 3.0 *61 .7 “0.0

Age-adjustad values:

White famales, 18-74Vears. . . . . . . . 63.4 . . . 63.4 .,. 63.7 . . . 63.9 . . . 63.8 ,..

Blackfemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . 63.7 . . . 63.5 . . . 63.7 . . . 64.1 . . . 64.1 ,..

27
Table4. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Educational level

Sex and age

Less than 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more

—

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard Standard

deviation deviation deviation Mean deviation

Both sexes

18-74 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-84years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes, lS-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65.2

64.9

65.8

65.5

66.0

65.1

64.3

67.9

66.9

68.5

68.2

68.5

67.7

67.1

62.5

62,7

63.1

62.7

63.0

62.3

62.0

65.4

67.9

62.7

3.8

3.5

3.8

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

2.8

3,1

3.1

3.1

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.5

2,4

2.2

2.7

2.4

2.5

2.5

. . .

. . .

.,.

Height in inches

65,7 3.5 66.1

66.7 3.6 66.6

65.7 3,4 66.6

65.9 3.3 66.3

65.8 3.3 65.7

65,0 3.7 65.3

63,9 3.4 64.6

68.5 2.5 69.3

69.3 2.4 69.9

68.7 2.5 69.6

68.6 2.6 69.3

68.1 2.5 68.8

68.2 2.3 68.6

66,9 2.6 67.6

63.5 2.5 63,9

64.0 2.5 64.2

03.9 2.4 64.1

63.9 2.3 64.2

63.4 2.1 63.8

62.7 2.6 62.9

62.2 2.4 62,5

65.7 . . . 66,0

68.5 . . . 69.1

63.5 . . . 63.7

3.7

3.9

3.7

3.5

3,4

3.7

3.4

2.7

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.5

2.8

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.5

2.2

2.2

2.4

.,.

. . .

,.,

67.3

67.5

67.7

67.8

67.3

66.4

65.1

69.7

70.1

70.1

69.7

69.7

68.7

68.1

64.3

64.7

64.5

64.8

64.2

63.5

63.1

67.1

69.6

64.2

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.5

3.8

3.6

3.3

2.7

2.7

2.9

2.5

2.7

2,5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.6

2,3

2.5

2.3

2.0

,..

.,.

. . .

28
Table5. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Educational level

Race and age

Less than 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more

Mean

Standard

Mean

Siandard

Mean

Standard Standard

deviation deviation deviation Mean deviation

White males Height in inches

18-74 years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 2.8 68.4 2.5 69.3 2.7 69.9 2.7

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9 3.1 69.2 2.4 69.9 2.9 70.2 2,7

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 2.9 68.6 2.4 69.7 2.6 70,3 2.8

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 3.0 68.2 2.4 69.3 2.4 69.9 2.4

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 2.8 68.3 2.5 68.9 2.5 69.7 2.7

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 2.6 68.3 2.4 68.7 2.8 68.8 2.5

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 2.6 67.0 2.7 67.6 2,4 68.2 2.5

Black males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 2.8 69.0 2.7 69.0 2.7 69A 2.4

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 3.1 69.6 2.2 70.0 2.8 70.2 2.3

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 3.8 68.8 2.8 68.0 2.7 69.4 2.2

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 3.3 70.4 2.8 68.9 1.9 68.4 1.6

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 2.1 67.1 2.4 68.9 2.4 69.8 2.8

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 2.3 68.1 1.8 67.7 1.2 *67.9 *3.2

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 2,5 66.8 2.2 67.5 2.2 67.7 1.4

Age-adjusted values:

White males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 . . . 68.4 . . . 69.2 . . . 69.7 . . .

Blackmales, 18-74years . . . . . . , . . . . . 67.9 . . . 68.9 . . . 68.7 . . . 69.2 . . .

Table6. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by racer age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971 -74

Educational level

Raceanda~

Less than 9 years 9-71 years 12 years 13 years or more

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

White females Height in inches

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 2.5 63.4 2.5 63.9 2.4 64.4 2.5

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.5 63.9 2.6 64.3 2.4 64.8

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.4

63.1 2.3 63,9 2.5 64.1 2.3 64.6 2.6

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.6 63.8 2.2 64.3 2.4 64.8 2.3

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,7 2.4 63.3 2.1 63.8 2.3 64.2

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.5

62.1 2.4 62.7 2.6 63.0 2.1 63.5

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3

61.9 2.4 62.2 2.4 62.5 2.4 63.1 2.0

Black females

lB-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 2.4 63.8 2.4 63.8 2.5 64.3 2.3

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 1.7 64.2 2.2 63.8 2.6 64.4 2.4

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.0 63.6 2.2 64.1 2.5 64.5

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2

63.8 2.8 64,6 2.5 64.0 2.4 65.0

45-54~eare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.8

64.0 2.2 63.8 2.1 63.8 2.0 63.8

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.5

63.0 2.6 62.8 2.4 61.1 2.1 *62.9

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*3.O

62.5 2.4 62.3 2.5 62.6 2.6 63.6 2.0

Age-adjusted values:

White females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 . . . 63,4 .,. 63.8 . . . 64.3 . . .

Blackfemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 . . . 63.7 . . . 63.5 . . . 64.2 . . .

29
Table7. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Urbanization status

Sex and age

Urbanized area Urban area Rural area

—

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviatian

Both sexes

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years, ..,....,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Height in inches

66.2 3.8 66.2 3.7 66.2 3.7

66.8 3.8 66.8 3.6 66.9 3.8

66.8 3.9 66.5 3:5 66.8 3.8

66.5 3.7 66.3 3.6 66.5 3.5

66.2 3.6 66.4 3.5 66.0 3.6

65.1 3.7 65.8 3.9 65.7 3.6

64.3 3.5 64.3 3.5 64.8 3.5

Males

18-74years . . . . . . . ..m... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 2.8 68.9 2.8 69.0 2.8

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 2.8 69.5 2.7 69.6 2.9

25-34years . . . . . . . . ..r.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 69.6 2.9 69.2 2.7 69.8 2.8

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 2.6 68.9 3.0 69.1 2.7

45.54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 2.6 68.8 2.6 69.0 2.7

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 2.7 68.7 2.5 68.5 2.4

65-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 2.5 67’.4 2.6 67.6 2.6

Females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years .,, ..,....., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males, 18-74years, ...,.., . . . . . . . . . . . .

Femalas,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

63.6

64.3

64.1

64.0

63.7

62.6

62.2

66.1

68.9

63.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.4

,..

,..

. . .

63.8

64.3

64.2

64.1

63.9

62.9

62.5

66.2

68.9

63.8

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.6

2.2

2.6

2.4

. . .

. . .

. .

63,7

64.3

64.1

64.1

63.5

63.0

62.5

66.2

69.1

63.7

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

2,1

2.2

2,3

. . .

.,.

. . .

30
Table8. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Urbanization status

Race and age

Urbanized area Urban area Rural area

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation

White males

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

White males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Blackmales. 18-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69.0

69.9

69.7

69.2

68.9

68.0

67.1

68.7

69.2

68.8

69.4

68.1

68.1

67.4

69.0

68.7

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.6

2.2

. .

. . .

Height in inches

69.0 2.6

69.7 2.5

69.5 2.6

69.0 2.6

68.9 2.7

68.8 2.5

67.5 2.6

68.3 3.5

69.5 3.5

67.3 1.5

‘68.0 *6.1

68.1 2.5

*67.9 +1.3

66.8 2.6

69.0 . . .

68.1 . . .

69.1

69.6

69.9

69.2

69.0

68.5

67.6

68.6

69.8

68.5

*68. 1

68.5

68.2

67.2

69.1

68.6

2.8

3.0

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.4

2.6

2.6

2,4

3.4

●1.8

2.0

1.9

2.6

. . .

. . .

Table9. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Urbanization status

Race and age

Urbanized area Urban area Rural area

Mean

Standard

Mean

.Wandard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation

White females Height in inches

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 2.6 63.7 2.5 63.7 2.3

18-24years . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IM.4 2.6 64.3 2.3 64.3 2.4

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 2.6 64.2 2.3 64.2 2.3

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...8.... 64.1 2.6 64.3 2.5 64.1 2.3

45-54years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.5 63.9 2.3 63.4 2,1

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.4 62.8 2.7 63.0 2.1

65-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 2.4 62.5 2.4 62.5 2.3

Black females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.5 64.0 2.5 63.7 2.2

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.4 65.0 2.7 64.2 2.3

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0, 2.4 64.2 2.4 63.2 1.9

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 2.6 63.9 1.7 64.7 2.3

45-54years ..u. an....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 2.4 63.7 1.9 64.0 1.7

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 2.7 63.9 1.8 63.2 2.3

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 2.3 62.1 3.2 62.4 2.0

Age-adjusted values:

White femalas,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 . . . 63.8 . . . 63.8

Black fema!es, 18-74v’ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,..

63.6 . . . 64.0 . . . 63.8 ,..

31
Table 10. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 yaars, by sex, age, and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-acljusted valuas:

United States, 1971-74

Geographic region

Sex end age

Northeast Midwest South West

Meen

Standerd

Mean

Standard

Mean Standard Standard

deviation devietion deviation Mean deviation

Both saxes

18-74 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lB-24yaara, ..,.,....,.,.. . . . . . . . .

25-34 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

Malas

18-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18.74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6!5-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males, 18-74yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Femalas, lB-74yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Height in inches

65.6 3.7 66.5 3.8 66.4 3.6 66.2 3.8

66.6 3.7 67.1 3.9 66.9 3.5 66.8 4.0

66.4 3.7 67,2 4.0 66.8 3.6 66,6 3.8

66.1 3.6 66.5 3.6 66.9 3.7 66.5 3.6

65.4 3.4 66,4 3.5 66.3 3.5 66.5 3.8

64.5 3.6 65.8 3.8 65.9 3.6 65.4 3,6

64.0 3.5 64,6 3,4 64.7 3.5 64.7 3,5

68,4 2.7 69.3 2.8 69.3 2,7 69.1 2,9

69,4 2.4 69.8 2,8 69.6 2.7 69.8 3.3

68.9 2.9 70.3 2.8 69.6 2.7 69.4 2.8

68.7 2,5 69.1 2.9 69.9 2.5 69.0 2.7

68.1 2.4 68.8 2.6 69.2 2.6 69.4 2.7

67.4 2.7 68.6 2.4 68.8 2.4 68.2 2.6

66.7 2.5 67.4 2.6 67,7 2.6 67.4 2.5

63.2 2.6 63,7 2.4 63.9 2.4 63.8 2.6

63.9 2.4 64.2 2.5 64.6 2.3 64.3 2.6

63.9 2.5 64.1 2.4 64.3 2.3 64.1 2.5

63.6 2.6 64.2 2.4 64.4 2.3 64.1 2.6

63.2 2.5 63.6 2.1 64.0 2.2 63.8 2.5

62.1 2.4 62.7 2.4 63.1 2.2 63.0 2.5

61.8 2.5 62.6 2.3 62.5 2.3 62,4 2.4

65,7 . . . 66.4 . . . 66.4 . . . 66.2 .,.

68,4 . . . 69.2 . . . 69,3 .,. 69.1 . . .

63.2 . . . 63.7 ,.. 64.0 . . . 63.7 ,..
Table Il. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Geographic region

Race and age

Northaast Midwest South West

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation

White males

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7

Black males

1%-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5

Age-ad justed val ues:

White males,18.74yaars . , . . . . . . . . . . 68.4

Black males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . , . . 68.6

2.7

2.4

2.9

2.5

2,4

2.8

2.5

2.8

2.4

2.9

3.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

. . .

. . .

69.4

70.0

70.5

69.3

68.9

68.7

67.4

68.4

69.0

69.1

67.9

67.6

67.8

68.2

89.3

68.4

Height in inches

2.8 69.4

2.7 69.7

2.8 69.7

2.8 70.0

2.6 69.5

2.5 69.0

2.6 67.8

2.7 68.6

3.4 69.3

2.4 68.8

2.9 69.4

2.1 68.1

1.5 67.7

2.3 67.1

. . . 69.4

. . . 68.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.2

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.9

2.7

3.3

3.4

2.3

2.2

2.5

. . .

. . .

69.1

69.8

69.6

69.1

69.4

68.1

67.5

69.2

70.7

67.4

69.3

69.7

69.8

67.4

69.1

69.2

2.9

3.4

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.1

2.3

1.8

2.6

2,1

2.0

. . .

. . .

Table 12. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic region, meanr standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Geographic region

Raceandage

North west Midwest South West

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

White females Height in inches

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.6 63.8 2.4 63.9 2.4 63.8 2.6

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 2.4 64.2 2.5 64.7 2.3 64.3 2.6

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 2.5 64.2 2.4 64.5 2.2 64.1 2,6

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 2.6 64.4 2.3 64.4 2.3 64.1 2.6

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.5 63.6 2.1 63.9 2.3 63.7 2.5

55-64years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 2.3 62.8 2.4 63.1 2.2 63.1 2.5

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 2.5 62.6 2.3 62.5 2.3 62.4 2.3

81ackfemales

18-74yeare .,,.......,.. . . . . . . . . . . 63,3 2.6 63.4 2.4 63.9 2.4 64.1 2.4

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.1 63.6 2.6 64.3 2.3 64.3 2.8

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 2.2 63.7 2.0 63.8 2.5 64.2 2.2

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.5 63.8 2.6 64.4 2.4 65.1 2.2

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 1.9 63.8 2.6 64.1 1.9 64.2 2.2

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 3.8 62.5 2.1 63.5 2.1 62.4 1.9

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.3 62.3 2.2 62.4 2.5 63.1 2.1

Age adjusted values:

White females, 18-74years . . . , . . . , . . , 63.2 . . . 63.7 . . . 64.0 . . . 63.7 . . .

Blackfemales, 18-74yeers . . , . . . . . . . . 63.2 . . . 63.4 . . . 63.9 . . . 64.1 .,.

33
Table 13. Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Annual family income

Sax and age

Under $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$ 14,99~ $15,000 and over

Mean

Standard

Maan

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation deviation

Both sexes

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

2!5-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

3544years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,,.,. 179

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

35-44years . . . . . .%....... . ...8. 157

45-54years ., ., ..,,.... . . . . . . . . 157

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Age-adjusted values:

8othsexes, 18-74 vaars . . . . . . . . . . 156

Males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . 150

37

34

35

47

38

39

30

35

31

29

50

35

36

29

37

31

38

42

39

40

30

. . .

. . .

.,,

155

148

159

162

156

159

152

169

164

176

174

162

177

165

144

135

147

152

151

145

141

156

170

146

35

33

40

35

32

34

28

32

29

40

27

30

35

25

33

31

36

38

32

26

28

. . .

. . .

. . .

Weight inpounds

157

148

157

184

159

160

156

171

168

173

176

172

171

165

144

132

141

153

149

150

146

157

172

145

34

34

36

37

33

31

29

30

31

30

29

30

28

27

33

26

34

40

32

30

27

. . .

. . .

,..

159

149

158

163

166

160

153

176

166

180

179

178

174

166

142

134

135

148

150

144

143

158

175

142

34

30

37

34

32

32

30

30

27

33

28

28

26

27

29

24

24

33

31

31

29

. . .

,.,

. . .

159

148

158

161

164

164

158

177

166

180

181

182

175

170

139

127

136

140

144

146

142

158

176

139

35

31

42

34

33

32

29

30

26

40

26

27

26

24

29

22

31

28

27

34

27

.,.

.,,

.,.

34
Table 14. Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and annual family incoma, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Annual r%mily income

Race and age

Under $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7, W0-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 and over

Mean

Standard

Maws

Stan&rd

Mmn

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

White males Weight in pounds

18-74 years a m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 32 169 32 172 28 177 30 178 28

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 26 165 30 168 29 167 27 166 26

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . .. m..... . . . 160 19 178 40 174 30 181 34 178 31

3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 51 172 24 174 28 179 28 182 26

45-54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 34 161 31 172 29 179 28 182 27

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 35 176 32 170 27 175 26 175 26

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 29 165 24 165 26 165 26 170 24

Black males

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 41 168 36 174 35 171 30 184 59

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 46 160 19 168 45 158 19 164 28

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 41 158 41 168 25 174 28 214 92

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 48 183 37 191 27 185 34 173 16

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 36 164 28 169 33 162 33 171 16

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 41 183 51 198 33 173 40 172 21

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 29 169 30 160 28 172 38 *158 *3O

Age-adjusted values:

White males, 18-74yeers . . . . ,. . . . 164 . . . 170 . . . 172 175 . . . 176 . . .

Black males, 18.74 years . . . . . . . . . 168 . . . 168 . . . 174 ::: 170 . . . 178 . . .

Table 16. Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 yeara, by race, age, andannual family income, mean, standard deviation, andage-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Annual family income

Race andega

Under $4.OW $4,00G$6,999 $7,1M0-$9,999 $1 OJWO-$14,999 $15,000 and ovar

Maan

Standard

Mean

Stenderd

Maan

Stano%d Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation dwiation deviation Mean deviation

White females

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 33 143 30

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 31 135 29

25-34 years .m . . . . . . . . .. m.... . . . 148 34 146 36

3544years .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 39 149 38

45-54 years .m . . . . . . . . . . . ..m . . . . 152 37 148 27

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 33 142 24

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 29 140 27

Weight in pounds

143 32 142 29 139 29

131 25 134 24 126 20

140 34 135 25 135 31

152 40 148 33 139 26

147 29 149 30 144 28

149 30 143 30 146 34

146 27 143 28 141 27

Black females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 45 155 41 156 37 149 31 153 35

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 33 136 39 140 33 135 24 143 38

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 44 154 39 144 xl 138 19 151 33

3541years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 47 164 34 164 35 150 24 178 54

45-54years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 38 168 46 177 49 167 43 148 13

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 58 168 32 165 30 ’198 *13 *149 “7

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 35 153 36 142 34 ●156 ●34 ●158 ●5

Age-adjusted valuas:

White females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . 146 . . . 144 . . . 144 . . . 142 . . . 138 . . .

Blackfemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . 159 . . . 1% . . . 155 . . . 153 . . . 154 . . .

35
Table 16. Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

Unitad States, 1971-74

Educational Iavel

Sex and age

Less dsan 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more

Mean

Standard

A&n

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Stan dard

daviation deviation deviation cfeviation

Both sexes

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34Veara . . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544Vaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34Vaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

35-44Vears . . . ..n . . ..B.. . . . . . . . . . .

45-54yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64Vears .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes,18-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males, 18-74Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females, 18-74yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds

35 155

36 148

36 . 156

36 159

35 159

31 158

31 152

158

147

158

169

166

156

152

160

141

161

162

165

161

156

35

29

40

37

36

35

30

156

149

156

162

159

159

150

35

33

37

34

32

34

30

35

30

39

37

31

32

28

167

147

175

169

172

168

163

32

25

41

31

32

30

28

169

167

168

174

168

173

161

30

30

32

28

27

31

25

175 31

26

37

29

25

31

24

32 175

35 167

29 178

33 179

31 178

28 176

29 167

163

177

183

182

170

166

31

29

32

31

29

30

28

138

130

134

146

145

139

142

28

24

26

38

26

25

25

152

134

148

154

157

155

149

36

32

36

42

38

39

30

146

131

149

153

149

150

144

34 141

28 133

37 139

35 145

36 147

29 145

31 141

156

169

146

. . . 155

. . . 175

. . . 141

158

174

139

158

166

149

. . .

. . .

.,.

.,,

,.,

,,.

. . .

. . .

. . .

36
Table 17. Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted valu~:

United States, 1971-74

Educational level

Race and age

Less than 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more

Meen

Standard

Mean

Siandard

Mean

Standard Standard

deviation deviation deviation Mean deviation

White males Weight in pounds

30 176

29 168

29 179

30 179

31 179

27 177

28 168

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

148

176

168

172

31

24

41

30

32

169

165

169

172

169

174

161

30

30

32

27

26

31

25

175

164

177

185

182

169

167

29

25

31

28

25

30

24

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

167 27

163 27

Black males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 35

26

38

32

32

44

30

172

182

166

42 170

53 161

30 170

44 192

27 178

27 158

33 161

32

25

32

34

38

15

23

185

168

196

181

173

*213

159

55

21

79

19

17

*21

20

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

146

168

169 164

169 155

171 149

160 166

Age-adjusted values:

White males, 18-74years . . , , . , . . . . . .

Black males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . .

166

163

169

169

. . . 175

,.. 171

175

182

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.,.

. . .

Table 18. Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 yaars, by race, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Educationa/Ievei

Raceandage

Less than 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more

Mean

Standard

Meerr

Standard

Mean

Standard Standard

deviation deviation deviation Mean deviation

White females Weight in pounds

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 33 143 31 141 30 137 28

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 29 128 22 134 29 130

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

146 34 146 34 138 32 134

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

27

152 40 149 32 144 31 145

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

152 35 146 32 146 29 145

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

151 33 149 28 144 30 139 25

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 28 144 30 141 28 141 25

Black females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 46 160 45 147 32 145 29

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, 141 40 145 43 132 25 139

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

159 43 159 44 145 30 137

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

25

47 173 43 156 31

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

160 30

176 42 174 54 170 37 147

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

172 55 158 34 169 29 *1 54

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*5

158 36 144 36 153 39 164 21 .

Age-adjusted values:

White females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . 147 . . . 143 141 139

Blackfemales, 18-74years . . . . , . . . . . .

. . . . . .

161

. . .

. . . 159 . . . 152 . . . 148 . . .

37
Table 19. Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Urharrization status

Sex and age

Urbanized area Urban area Rural area

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

deviation deviation deviation

Both sexes

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds

156 34 155 33 159 36

147 33 146 29 150 34

156 36 155 36 161 42

163 36 157 34 164 36

162 33 161 33 162 35

157 33 161 36 161 33

152 29 153 2B 156 30

Males

lB-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 30 169 28 174 34

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 29 160 23 166 33

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 31 170 30 183 41

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 31 175 31 179

45-54Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2B

176 29 172 27 176 31

55-64years . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 31 175 27 172

65-74Veara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

162 25 166 26 166 30

Females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 32 142 33 146 33

18-24Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 27 132 28 134 27

25-34Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 32 142 35 141 31

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 35 142 28 151 3B

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 30 149 34 151 35

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 32 147 39 151

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

144 30 145 27 149 29

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes, lB-74Vears ..,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 155 159

Males, 18-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

172 170 174

Females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

142 . . . 143 . . . 145 . . .

38
Table 20, Wei@t in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Urbanization status

Reca and age

Urbanized area Urban area Rural area

A&n

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

daviation deviation deviation

White males Weight in pounds

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 29 171 26 175 32

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 26 163 22 166 34

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 30 174 28 182 36

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 31 173 25 179 28

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 28 173 26 176 30

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 30 176 27 173 29

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 24 167 25 166 30

Black males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 36 167 38 174 49

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 46 163 25 162 23

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 31 146 26 192 80

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 33 *2I 6 ●56 182 29

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 28 166 30 178 38

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 40 +151 ●26 168 43

65-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 31 156 29 157 28

Age-adjusted valu=;

White males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 . . . 171 175

Blackmales, 18-74yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

17G . . . 167 . . . 175 . . .

Table 21. Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Urbanization status

Raceandage

LJrbanizad area Urban area Ruralarea

Meen

Standard

Mean

Standard

Maan

Standard

deviation deviation deviation

White females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . m. . . . . . . . . . .

45.54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65.74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black females

18-74yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35#years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

White femalesr18-74 years . . . . . . . . . , . . . .

Bleckfemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . , . , . .

140

130

136

145

146

145

143

154

136

152

162

160

162

155

140

153

30

26

30

34

28

31

28

38

32

38

38

37

36

38

. . .

,..

Weight in pounds

140 29

132 26

142 36

142 27

144 29

142 27

144 26

162 51

139 39

143 32

158 33

189 43

225 84

153 32

141 . . .

163 . . .

145

134

141

149

149

150

148

159

141

143

178

185

163

156

144

159

32

26

31

37

32

31

2B

44

39

33

44

49

46

33

. . .

. . .

39
Table 22. Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and geographic region, maan, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Geographic region

Sex and age

Northeast Midwest South West

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Standard

Mean

Stmdard

deviation deviation deviation daviation

Both sexes

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . .. m...... . . . . . . . .

35J14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . .. l . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1..

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years . . . . . . ..en... . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . .. n..... . . . . . . . . . .

65-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Femalas, 18-74yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weight in pounds

35 157

31 148

41 156

35 165

30 1!59

35 161

31 152

156

146

156

162

161

156

153

35

32

39

37

36

31

29

160

150

162

163

165

164

157

36

33

38

38

34

36

30

155

146

155

160

160

156

152

33

34

34

35

33

31

28

32

27

39

28

33

32

27

175

163

182

179

177

175

169

31 171

27 165

36 173 .

30 180

26 172

31 172

28 162

31

31

35

31

30

28

28

172

166

174

176

176

169

164

29

32

26

31

27

29

25

171

163

174

178

176

168

162

146

135

142

148

153

151

149

33 145

28 133

36 141

34 152

29 149

35 151

30 145

34

27

33

38

33

40

29

140

131

138

144

146

144

143

30

27

30

31

32

28

27

142

129

138

147

149

146

145

31

26

28

37

33

27

29

I 55

172

140

156

171

142

160

175

146

,.. 157

. . . 172

. . . 145

.,.

. . .

,..

. . .

.,.

.,.

. . .

. . .

.,,

40
Table 23. Weight in pounds of males agas 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United States, 1971-74

Geographic region

Race and age

Northeast Midwest South West

Mean

Standard

Mean

S%nderd

Mean

Standard Standard

deviation deviation deviation Mean deviation

White males Weight in pounds

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 30 176 31 172 30 172 28

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 27 165 26 166 29 166

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

172 31 184 36 174 35 175

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

25

179 28 180 29 177 27 177

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

31

176 34 178 26 174 29 176

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

168 30 175 31 172 26 168 28

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 26 168 28 163 28 165 24

Black males

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16S

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Age-adjusted values:

White males,18-74years . . . . . . , . . . . , 171

Black males,16-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

55

22

94

25

22

48

31

. . .

. . .

167

158

169

173

164

173

177

170

168

32

31

32

36

27

18

35

. . .

. . .

170

164

170

193

163

168

155

172

170

37

35

36

41

33

38

27

. . .

. . .

176

177

171

174

182

188

157

172

176

37

55

24

22

35

38

23

. . .

. . .

Table 24. Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:

United Stataa,1971-74

Geographic region

Northeast

Raceandage

Midm?st south West

Mean

Standard

M.wn

Standard

Mews

Stano%rd

Maan

Stmderd

deviation deviation deviation deviation

White females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

55-64years , %. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 145

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Weight in pounds

30 145 33 141 30 139 29

26 134 27 131 23 131 27

27 142 36 138 30 137 30

36 148 34 149 36 142 29

31 152 30 143 28 145 29

26 149 35 147 32 144 28

27 149 30 143 28 142 27

Black females

18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 40 1!3 33 159 45 153 40

18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 28 149 37 140 36 132 27

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 28 145 34 164 41 146 36

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 41 154 32 168 42 177 33

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 48 157 24 176 41 161 55

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 28 167 31 177 67 154 35

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 47 155 39 152 33 159 27

Age-adjusted values:

Whitefemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . 141 . . . 145 . . . 141 140 . . .

BlackfemaIes, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

153 . . . 153 . . . 160 . . . 153 . . .

41
Appendixes

1.

II,

Illm

Statistical notes,.....,...,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m. .,.... 43

Surveydesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Nonresponse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Missingdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Age adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Standard errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Data limitation and reliability,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Analytic methodolo~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Demographic, socioeconomic,and geographicterms . . . . . . . ..~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Sample size and estimated population tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

List of appendix tables

1. Sampling rates by age-sex groups: First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Il. Percent distribution of nonresponse adjustment factors: First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111. Number of examinees with one or more missing anthropometric measurements: First National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IV. Standard error of the mean height of adults ages 18-74 years, byrace, sex, age, annual family income, and educational

level: United States, 1971-74 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

v. Standard error of the mean height of adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, urbanization status, and geographic

region: United States,1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

V1. Standard errorof the mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years, byrace, sex, age, annual family income, and educational

level: United Statesr 1971-74.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

V1l. Standard error of the mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, urbanization statusr andgeograplhic

region: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vlll. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74years, bysex, age, and annual family income: United States,

1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IX. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 yearsrby race,sex, agerand annual family income: United

‘States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

x. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, and educational level: United

States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-..8..

Xl. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, and urbanization status: United

States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

X11. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, and geographic region: United

States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1-.

44

45

45

47

48

49

50

56

57

58

60

61

42
Appendix L Statistical notes

Survey design

The sampling plan of the fmt National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I)

followed a highly stratified multistage probability

design in which a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the coterrninous United

States, 1-74 years of age, was selected. Excluded from

the selection process were those persons residing in

institutions or residing on any of the reservation lands

set aside for use by American Indians. Successive

elements dealt with, in the process of sampling, are the

primary sampling unit (PSU), census enumeration

district (ED), segment (a cluster of households)

household, eligible person, and finally, sample person.

The starting points in the fust stage of this design

were the 1960 decennial census lists of addresses and

the nearly 1,900 PSU’S kto which the coterrninous

United States was divided. Each PSU was either a

standard metropolitan statistical area, a single county,

or two or three contiguous counties. The PSU’S were

grouped into 357 strata for use in the National Health

Interview Survey and subsequently collapsed tito 40

superstrata for NHANES L

Of the 40 superstrata, 15 contained a singe large

metropolitan area of more than 2 million population.

These 15 large metropolitan areas were chosen for the

sample with certainty. The remtig 25 superstrata

were formed by classifying the noncertainty strata

into 4 population density groups within each of 4

geographic regions. Then a modtiled Goodman-Kish

controlled selection technique was used to select 2

PSU’S from each of the 25 noncertainty superstrata

with the probability of selection of a PSU proportionate to its 1960 population. In this manner, a total

fust-stage sample of 65 PSU’S or “stands” included

the areas within which a sample of persons would be

selected for examination. The PSU’S were scheduled

to be sampled over a 3-year period with 300-600

persons to be examined per stand.

The calendar of operations required that the 1960

census data be used for the fmt 44 locations in the

NHANES I sample. The 1970 census data were used

for the last 21 stands of the sample.

Beginning with the use of the 1970 census data,

the segment size was changed from an expected 6

households selected from compact clusters of 18

households to an expected compact cluster of 8

households. The change was made because of operational advantages, and research by the Census Bureau

indicated that precision of estimates would not be

appreciably affected by the change from noncompact

clusters to compact clusters.

For ED’s not having usable addresses (generally

located in rural areas), area sampling was employed

and consequently some variation in the segment size

occurred. To make the sample representative of the

current population of the United States, the address

or ED segments were supplemented by a sample of

housing units that had been constructed since the

1960 and 1970 decennial censuses.

Within each PSU, a systematic sample of segments

was selected. The ED’s that fell into the sample were

coded into one of two economic classes. The fmt

class, identified as the “poverty stratum,” was composed of “Current Poverty Areas” that had been

identified by the Bureau of the Census in 1970

(pre-1970 census), plus other ED’s in the PSU with a

mean family income of less than $3,000 in 1959

(based on the 1960 census). The second economic

class, the “nonpoverty stratum,” included all ED’s

not designated as belonging to the poverty stratum.

All sample segments classified as being in the

poverty stratum were retained in the sample. For the

f~st 42 stands, sample segments in nonpoverty

stratum ED’s were divided into 8 random subgroups

and one of the subgroups was chosen to remain in the

NHANES I sample. Research indicated that efficiency

of estimates could be increased by changing the ratio

of poverty to nonpoverty segments from 8:1 to 2:1.

Therefore in the later stands, the selected segments in

the nonpoverty-stratum ED’s were divided into two

43
random subgroups and one of the subgroups was

chosen to remain in the NHANES I sample. The

differential sampling does permit a separate analysis

with adequate reliability of those classified as being

below the poverty level and those classified as being

above the poverty level,

After identification of the sample segments, a list

of all current addresses within the segment boundaries was made, and the households were interviewed

to determine the age and sex of each household

member as well as other demographic and socioeconomic information required for the survey. If no

one was at home after repeated calls or if the

household members refused to be interviewed, the

interviewer tried to determine the household composition from neighbors.

To select the persons in sample segments to be

examined in NHANES I and at the same time to

oversimple certain groups at high risk of malnutrition, all household members ages 1-74 years in each

segment were first listed on a sample selection

worksheet with each household in the segment listed

serially. The number of household members in each

of the six age-sex groups shown h table I were then

listed on the worksheet under the appropriate age-sex

group column. The sample selection worksheets were

next put in segment-number order and a systematic

random sample of persons in each age-sex group was

selected to be examined using the samphng rates

shown in table I.

The persons selected in the 65-stand sample of

NHANES I comprised a representative sample of the

target population and included 28,043 sample

persons ages 1-74 years, of whom 20,749, or 74

percent, were examined. When adjustments were

made for the differential sampling of high-risk groups,

the response rate was 75 percent.

All data presented in this report are based on

“weighted” observations. That is, data recorded for

each person are inflated to characterize the subuniverse from which that sample person was drawn. The

weight for each examined person is a product of the

reciprocal of the probability of selecting the person,

an adjustment for nonresponse cases (i.e., persons not

examined), and a poststratified ratio adjustment that

increases precision by bringing survey results into

closer alignment with official U.S. population figures

for 20 age, race, and sex groups as of November 1,

1972, the approximate midpoint of NHANES I.

A more detailed description of the survey design

and selection technique can be found elsewhere. 3

Nonresponse

In any health examination survey, after the

sample is identified and the sample persons are

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

Table 1. Sampling rates by age-sex groups: First National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-74

Ageandsex Rate

l-5years (males and females) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2

6-19years (males and females) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

2044years (males).......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

20-44 years (females) ., ...,,.,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q%

45-64 years (males and females) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

65-74 years (males and females) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

requested to participate in the examination, the

survey meets one of its more severe problems, namely

that of nonresponse. Usually a sizable number of

sample persons will not participate in the examination. A potential for bias exists if the sample persons

who do not participate differ from thle sample

persons who do participate, with respect to the

characteristics under examination. Intensive efforts

were made in NHANES I to develop and implement

procedures and inducements that would reduce the

number of nonrespondents and thereby reduce the

potential of bias due to nonresponse. Tlhese procedures and inducements are discussed elsewhere. 3

Despite intensive efforts, 26 percent of the

sample persons from the 65-stand nutrition sample

and 30 percent of the sample persons from the

100-stand detailed sample were not examined. Consequently, the potential for a sizable bias does exist in

the estimates ti this publication. From what is known

about the nonrespondents and the nature of nonresponse, it is believed that the likelihood of sizable

bias is small.

Efforts have been made using data from IYHANES

I and from an earlier survey to examine possible

health-related differences between examined and nonexarnined persons. An investigation of reasons for

nonparticipation in NHANES I was doneg for a

sample of 325 persons (209 examined persons, 35

who had made appointments for the examination but

who never came to the mobile examination center,

and 81 persons who refused to participate in the

survey). The sample persons for this study came from

four stand locations: St. Louis, Monterey, New York,

and Philadelphia. People in the study were asked to

indicate why they did not choose to be examined in

NHANES I. The primary reasons given were that they

had no need for a physical examination (48 percent),

and that the examination times were inccmvenient

because of work schedules or other demands (15

percent). Only 6 percent of those persons not

examined in NHANES I indicated that they refused

the examination because of sickness, and 3 percent

based their refusal on a fear of possible findings.

An analysis of data on examined amd nonexamined (but interviewed) persons was cclnducted,

using data from the first 35 stands of NHANIES I. 10 It

was found that the two groups were quite similar

44
with respect to the health characteristics that were

being compared. For example, 20 percent of the

examined persons reported that a doctor had told

them they had arthritis, compared with 17 percent of

the unexamined persons. Similarly, 18 percent of

both the examined and the nonexamined persons

were told by a doctor that they had high blood

pressure; 12 percent of both groups reported that

they were on a special diet; and 6 percent of both

groups said they regularly used medication for nerves.

In another study,l 1 factors relating to response in

Cycle I of the Health Examination Survey were

investigated. It was found that 36 percent of the

unexamined persons in that survey viewed themselves

as being in excellent health, compared with 31

percent of the examined persons. A self-appraisal of

being in poor health was made by 5 percent of the

nonexamined persons and by 6 percent of those who

were examined. In a different study of the Cycle I

datal 2 comparisons between two extreme groups,

those who participated in the survey with no persuasion effort and those who participated only after a

great deal of persuasion effort, indicated that differences between the two groups generally had little

effect on estimates based on numerous selected

examination and questionnaire items. This was interpreted as evidence that no large bias exists between

the two groups for the items investigated and was

offered as further support for the belief that there is

little bias introduced to the findings because of

differences in health characteristics between examined and nonexamined persons.

As mentioned emlier, the data in this report were

based on weighted observations, and one of the

components of the weight assigned to an examined

person was an adjustment for nonresponse. A procedure was adopted that multiplied the reciprocal of

the probability of selection of sample persons who

were examined by a factor that brought estimates

based on examined persons up to a level that would

have been achieved if all sample persons had been

examined. The nonresponse-adjustment factor was

calculated by dividing the sum of the reciprocals of

the probability of selection for all selected sample

persons in each of five income groups within each

stand by the sum of the reciprocals of the probability

of selection for examined sample persons in the same

stand and income group. The five income groups

were: under $3,000; $3,000-$6,999; $7,000-$9,999;

$10,000-$ 14,999; and $15,000 and over. For sample

weighting purposes, the income group was imputed

for 5.6 percent of the sample persons using educational level of the head of the household. To the

extent that the income-within-stand classes were

homogeneous with respect to the health characteristics under study, the adjustment procedure was

effective in reducing the possible bias due to nonresponse. The percent distribution of the nonresponse

adjustment factors computed for the 65-stand sample

of NHANES I is shown in table 11.

Missing data

Examination surveys are subject to the loss of

information not only through the failure to examine

all sample persons but also from the failure to obtain

and record all items of information for examined

persons. Age, sex, and race were known for every

examined person, but for a number of examinees one

or more of the anthropometric measurements was not

available. The extent of these missing measurements

is indicated in table III.

Estimates for missing anthropometnc data were

generally made subjectively on the basis of a multipleregression type decision, substituting for the missing

measurements those of an individual who was of the

same age, sex, and race and who had other dimensions simdar to those available for the examinee with

incomplete data.

For those with no anthropometric measurements

available, a respondent of the same age-sex-race group

was selected at random and his or her measurements

were assigned to the nonexamined person.

Table II. Percent distribution of nonrasponw ❑djustment factors: First

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 1971-74

Sizeof factor

Petcent

distribution

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

1,00 -1.24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6

1.25-1 .49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5

1.50 -1.74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2

1.75 -1.98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4

2.00 -2.49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8

2.50 -2.99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3

3.00’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3

‘ A size of 3.00 wm assi~ed for ❑ll factors -eater thnn 3.00. The final

poststratlfled rntlo adjustment correcm for this truncation.

Table IIl. Number of examineas with ona or more missing anthropometric measummens: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survay, 1971-74

Measurement missing

Number of

examinaaa

Allmeasuraments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

Haightonly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Weight only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Hai@tand waist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

45
Age adjustment

The age-adjusted mean values were calculated by

the direct method. The values were adjusted to the

age distribution of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population at the midpoint of the

NHANES 1.13

Standard errors

The probability design of this survey determines

the estimation of standard errors that correspond to

the weighted estimates. The NHANES I sampling

design was a highly clustered, multistage probability

sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. The reader should be aware that estimates

from this type of design are different from and

generally larger than standard errors calculated under

the assumption of simple random sampling.

The standard error is primarily a measure of

sampling variability, that is, the variations that might

OCCLU-by chance because only a sample of the

population is surveyed. As calculated for this report,

the standard error also reflects part of the variation

that arises in the measurement process. Estimates of

any biases that might lie in the data are not included.

The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate

from the sample would differ from a complete census

by less than the standard error. The chances are about

95 out of 100 that the difference would be less than

twice the standard error and about 99 out of 100 that

it would be less than 2Y2 times as large.

Estimates of the standard errors of the means

used in this report are presented in tables IV-VII. The

standard errors of the difference between two means

are not presented. These standard errors of the

differences (assuming an underlying normal distribution) can be calculated in the following way,

Let SX ~ and SX~ be the standard errors of the

means ~1 and ~z, respectively, from two independent populatio~s.

Letd=~l –X2.

Then the standard error of the difference S~ can

be calculated as follows:

These estimates have been prepared by a replication technique that yields overall variability through

observation of variability among random subsamples

of the total sample. The estimated standard errors do

not reflect any residual bias that might still be present

after the attempted correction for nonresponse. The

need for the balanced repeated replication technique

for estimating standard errors arises because of the

complexity of NHANES I sample survey design,

which makes it inappropriate to calculate them by a

technique that does not take into consideration a

complex sample design. It must be noted that the

estimates of standard errors are themselves subject to

emors that may be large if the number of cases upon

which they are based is small.

Data limitation and reliability

The criteria for reliability of means consisted of

the following: (1) that a sample size be at least five

persons, and (2) that the estimated coefficient of

variation (i.e., the Qandard error of the mean divided

by the mean (SX/X) be less than 25 percent. Thus if

the sample size was too small or if the variation

regarding the mean was too large, an asterisk is placed

next to the value on the table. This estimate is

considered neither precise nor stable enough to meet

reliability standards. However, the values alre shown

to give an impression of the observed distribution and

to permit users to combine data into useful categories.

Analytic methodology

The mean height and weight by selected socioeconomic and geographic variables were tested for

statistically significant differences for males and

females ages 18-74 years. For the socioeconomic

variables, annual family income and educational level

were used, and comparisons were made for each sex

between the variables’ lowest and highest levels. For

annual family income, the 10west level was “under

$4,000” and the highest level was “$ 15,000 and

over”; for education, the lowest level was “less than 9

years” and the highest was “ 13 years or more.” The

geographic vtiables included a comparison of the

mean height and weight values for males and females

living in urbanized and rural areas and. in the

Northeast and South regions. All mean values were

individually compared for males and females ages

18-74 years for the following six age categories:

18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-’74 years.

The following approach developed by Koch,

Freeman, and Freemanlq and Freeman, Freeman,

Brock, and Koch,15 was taken:

Let

be a vector ~f 12 elements, ~ij, i = 1, “ “ ., 6, and j =

1, 2, where Y is the observed mean height or weight, i

is the index for the age categories, and j is the index

for the levels of the socioeconomic (or geographic)

variables)> As an illustration using ann~a~ family

income, Y,, is the observed mean of the first age

category and the lowest income level. Thus in general,

~ij is the observed mean height or weight of the jth

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

46
Table IV. .%andard error of the mean height of adults aWs 18-74 years, by race, sex, ega, annual family income, and educational level: United .5raIea, 1971-74

Annual family income Educarionai level

Race, sex, and age

Under $4,GiW ~~~ $10,OOG $15,000 Lessthan 9-11 12 13 years

$4.000 $6,999 , $14.999 and over 9 veal-s yews years or more

ALL RACES, ❑OTH SEXES

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-54 years . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males

lE74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544vear5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 yean, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 veam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WHITE

Malas

18-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3!E44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4554years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64’fear5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6574years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-14 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BLACK

Males

lB-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 veErs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74 yOars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-14 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 veaK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.14

0.25

0.37

0.41

0.40

0.22

0.13

0.14

0.28

0.59

0.62

0.41

0.30

0.14

0.11

0.25

0.24

0.23

0.40

0.19

0.12

0.17

0.31

0.52

0.60

0.65

0.32

0.19

0.12

0.27

0.34

0.32

0.49

0.22

0.14

0.33

0.49

1.84

1.26

0.47

0.84

0.29

0.15

0.3B

0.33

0.29

0.44

0.40

0.19

0.13

0.36

0.23

0.35

0.30

0.37

0.10

0.20

0.54

0.41

0.49

0.25

0.42

0.15

0.10

0.20

0.16

0.27

0.33

0.27

0.14

0.22

0.59

0.47

0.54

0.32

0.48

0.16

0.12

0.24

0.17

0.35

0.37

0.28

0.15

0.3s

0.08

0.55

1.08

0.46

0.B2

0.40

0.20

0.35

0.38

0.38

0.78

0.62

0.40

0.09

0.20

0.18

0.22

0.23

0.20

0.14

0.10

0.27

0.24

0.32

0.23

0.22

0.19

0.08

0.12

0.13

0.16

0.23

0.29

0.16

0.06

0.29

0.25

0.33

0.27

0.24

0.19

0.08

0.12

0.14

0.1 B

0.24

0.29

0.17

0.30

1.11

0.67

0.59

0.44

1.40

0.61

0.18

0.55

0.32

0.46

0.48

0.28

0.51

Standard error in inches

0.08

0.17

0.20

0.18

0.20

0.36

0.26

0.12

0.26

0.20

0.21

0.22

0.26

0.26

0.09

0.16

0.16

0.14

0.22

0.3B

0.32

0.12

0.30

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.26

0.26

0.10

0.16

0.16

0.15

0.23

0.38

‘ 0.32

0.47

1.07

0.90

0.75

1.00

11.23

0.87

0.23

0.50

0.59

0.44

0.91

“32.22

14.10

0.09

0.26

0.21

0.20

0.23

0.38

0.26

0.10

0.23

0.22

0.25

0.23

0.33

0.23

0.10

0.23

0.19

0.14

0.21

0.30

0.21

0.10

0.25

0.24

0.24

0.23

0.35

0.23

0.10

0.24

0.20

0.13

0.22

0.30

0.21

0.38

1.30

0.74

0.86

0.62

1.26

“16.32

0.58

10.19

0.99

0.90

14.56

●2B.92

“30.64

0.13

0.3B

0.42

0.32

0.22

0.18

0.09

0.12

0.67

0.52

0.36

0.18

0.17

0.10

0.11

0.28

0.22

0.26

0.24

0.17

0.11

0.14

1.02

0.50

0.36

0.21

0.21

0.11

0.13

0.36

0.21

0.29

0.31

0.19

0.13

0.26

0.73

1.69

0.94

0.26

0.45

0.22

0.21

0.45

0.54

0.55

0.38

0.46

0.17

0.03

0.24

0.20

0.21

0.20

0.33

0.20

0.11

0.28

0.32

0.38

0.23

0.24

0.28

0.10

0.21

0.16

0.16

0.20

0.30

0.16

0.12

0.32

0.37

0.36

0.24

0.26

0.29

0.11

0.27

0.20

0.17

0.23

0.31

0.16

0.31

0.48

0.69

0,83

0.66

0.70

0.62

0.16

0.20

0.26

0.36

0.59

0.69

0.60

0.08

0.16

0.13

0.13

0.19

0.22

0.17

0.11

0.27

0.1 B

0.21

0.22

0.36

0.20

0.06

0.12

0.06

0.11

0.16

0.15

0.19

0.11

0.27

0.19

0.22

0.21

0.37

0.21

0.06

0.12

0.60

0.11

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.43

0.76

0,57

0.65

0.75

1.40

1.10

0.21

0.39

0.29

0.36

0.76

1.29

0.70

0.09

0.17

0.19

0.13

0.25

0.37

0.18

0.09

0.21

0.20

0.19

0.26

0.30

0.24

0.10

0.13

0.16

0.17

0.34

0.35

0.18

0,10

0.22

0.23

0.19

0.26

0.31

0.24

0.10

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.34

0.36

0.17

0.28

0.70

0.57

0.94

1.20

‘18.74

0.46

0.36

0.47

0.61

0.36

1.25

14.20

0.74

47
Table V. Standard error of themean hei@tof adults ages 18.74years, byrace, sex, age, urbanization status, andgeographlc region: United States, 1971.74

Urbanization status Geographic region

Race, sex, and age Urbanized Urban Rural Northeast

area

Midwest South West

area area

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6E-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WHITE

Males

16-74 years............,.. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,,.

18-24 years............,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. j.......

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 vmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544 year n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4554’@ ads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 year5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BLACK

Males

18-74 years.....”...,....”.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44 years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

78-74 yearn.........,.,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l&24yeaE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3644vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4E+4y ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.08

0.13

0.12

0.15

0.13

0.20

0.09

0.11

0.21

0.16

0.18

0.21

0.25

0.12

0.07

0.10

0.12

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.12

0.11

0.22

0.18

0.19

0.21

0.29

0.13

0.07

0.11

0.13

0.12

0.17

0.16

0.13

0.19

0.53

0.42

0,38

0.39

0,40

0.22

0.13

0.20

0.22

0.26

0.45

0.31

0.24

0.12

0,25

0.21

0.25

0.29

0.45

0.18

0.14

0.25

0.31

0.47

0.36

0.45

0.22

0.12

0.29

0.16

0.21

0.27

0.38

0.16

0.14

0.30

0.36

0.36

0,44

0,46

0.25

0.12

0.29

0.15

0.18

0.33

0.40

0.16

1.02

1.96

1.09

“24.40

0.68

*23,99

0,56

0.42

0.84

0.65

0.40

0.93

1.05

0.50

Standard error in inches

0.08

0,17

0.16

0.14

0.1 a

0.19

0.11

0.09

0.34

0.19

0.16

0.21

0.18

0.12

0.06

0.16

0.12

0.15

0.13

0.17

0.15

0.10

0.36

0,21

0,18

0.22

0.18

0.14

0.05

0.18

0.13

0.16

0.15

0.17

0.17

0.33

0.78

0.96

0.85

0.38

0.43

0,42

0.16

0.26

0.31

0.36

0.60

0.43

0.28

0.10

0.12

0.16

0.32

0.25

0.29

0.12

0.09

0.18

0.25

0.27

0.25

0.34

0.16

0.O6

0,15

0,13

0,15

0,23

0.16

0.16

0.10

0.23

0.26

0.26

0.26

0.44

0.19

0,06

0.18

0,12

0,14

0.27

0,20

0.16

0.31

0.70

0.53

1.25

0.50

0.76

0.27

0,20

0.32

0,31

0.51

0.59

0.76

0.47

0.07

0.15

0.11

0.17

0.13

0.34

0.14

0,06

0.25

0.08

0.33

0.16

0.36

0.15

0.07

0.16

0.08

0.13

0.16

0.32

0.20

0.07

0,23

0,15

0,33

0,17

0.36

0.16

0.08

0.18

0.09

0.14

0.19

0.34

0.21

0.30

1.13

0.75

0,94

0,37

0.76

0.41

0.17

0.57

0.30

0.62

0.94

0.25

0.50

0.08

0,13

0.27

0.19

0.21

0.27

0.10

0.10

0.36

0.30

0.22

0:26

0.22

0.14

0.106

0,17

0.18

0.18

0.13

0.12

0.10

0.’13

0.44

0.:36

0.’14

0.30

0:22

0.’16

0S16

0.30

0.’16

0.:21

0.”14

0,’13

0.’11

r3.~2

0.69

0.;19

0.;71

0.31

0.:14

o;~7

0.117

0.30

0.:19

0.11

0.09

0.<}0

0.:!3

0.16

0.28

0.21

0.31

0.20

0.22

0,16

0.25

0.54

0.31

0.23

0.38

0.34

0.17

0.12

0.13

0.20

0.23

0,25

0.19

0.18

0.25

0.56

0.32

0.25

0.39

0.36

0.15

0.12

0.14

0.21

0.21

0.27

0.18

0.18

0.41

0.68

0.61

0.77

0.95

0.58

0.46

0.18

0.73

,0.50

0.42

0.75

0.32

0.60
Table VI. Standard error of themean wightof adults aSs18-74years, bvrace, sex, age, annual family income, and educational level: Unitad States. 1971-74

Annual family income Educational level

Race, sex, and age Under $4,000- $7,000- $10,000- $15,000 Less than 9-11 12 13 years

$.#,ow $6,999 $9,999 $14,999 and Over 9 years years years or more

ALL RACES, BOTH SEXES

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

Males

lB-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lB-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544year5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WHITE

Males

lB-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-S4vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5564years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.

BLACK

Males

18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 v-rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 vear5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . ...!... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 veara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

45-54 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.88

1.65

2.76

4.19

3.17

2.69

1.46

1.32

2.75

4.26

8.OB

4.45

4.54

1.95

1.17

1.93

3.53

3.86

5.13

3.97

1.52

1.72

2.49

2.73

10.06

5.78

4.87

2.42

1.28

2.51

3.73

6.41

6.27

3.84

1.57

4.96

9.94

13.05

16.60

9.40

10.39

2.63

2.60

2.94

6.93

5.15

8.60

11.75

3.71

0.98

2.70

2.BO

3.11

1.97

2.52

1.22

1.72

4.29

5.76

4.33

3.73

3.68

1.21

1.05

2.15

2.91

3.45

2.73

2.66

1.96

2.02

5.21

6.29

4.33

4.06

3.62

1.42

1,19

2.29

2.85

3.36

2.52

2.80

2.06

4.24

3.83

14.63

13.68

7.06

22.08

6.21

2.73

7.25

7.43

6.34

9.90

9.19

8.06

0.84

1.58

2.02

1.94

2.23

1.83

1.60

1.17

3.03

2.60

2.95

2.67

2.92

1.78

1.09

1.52

2.21

2.42

2.83

2.83

2.40

1.22

3.08

2.93

3.25

2.85

2.95

1 .a3

1.14

1.68

2.49

3.08

2.41

2.91

2.32

2.87

11.27

3.58

6.69

6.36

17.23

0.04

3.98

5.42

5.99

6.15

18.63

10.21

12.16

Standard error in pounds

0s3

1.47

1.94

1,77

1.88

3.05

2.23

1.12

2.61

2.91

2.57

1.87

2.77

2.75

1.09

1.22

1.09

1.63

2.98

4.02

2.91

1,17

2.78

3.12

2.45

1.86

2.79

2.65

1.12

1.27

1.13

1.76

2.99

4.08

3.10

4.48

6.73

9.62

20.64

6.98

36.02

19.03

3.33

6.40

4.50

7.08

16.73

●99.66

“38.76

0.79

2.42

2.25

1.71

2.24

2.82

2.21

1.06

2.91

3.91

2.41

1.9.3

3.30

2.24

1.18

2.22

1.63

1.39

2.78

4.58

3.30

0.94

3.18

2.65

2.46

2.10

3.42

2.28

1.24

2.16

1.84

1.42

2.87

4.69

3.32

14.67

13.06

43.72

9.91

7.46

13.45

●44.23

5.19

25.98

9.77

17.99

34.0s

“66.61

“78.02

0.74

2.78

4.15

2.30

1.82

1.75

1,08

1.23

4.60

7.55

2.98

2.23

2.04

1.18

1.10

3.97

3.54

3.48

3.46

2.95

1.41

1.19

7.30

8.15

3.B8

2.51

2.26

1.52

1.17

4.47

3.75

3.86

4.51

3.21

1.42

3.83

6.10

16.11

4.55

6.05

8.85

2.42

2.18

10.29

10.53

5.47

5.02

8.58

0.90

2.72

1.9a

1.90

2.54

2.28

1.45

1.41

3.70

3.49

3.69

2.67

3,43

2.45

1.09

1.77

2.39

2.30

3.68

3.22

1.84

1.34

3.71

4.73

3.40

2.91

3.56

2.50

1.16

1.67

2.71

2.25

3.67

3.45

1.92

5.45

13.55

3.67

16.78

5.63

12.37

13.32

3.24

7.95

6.23

5.49

11.47

10.57

7.97

0.75

0.99

1.60

1,33

1.58

1.97

1.58

1.06

2.24

2.09

2.54

2.42

3.20

1.82

0.73

1.21

1.40

1.50

2.01

1.65

1.91

1.12

2.65

2.19

2.47

2.57

3.19

1.82

0.82

1.31

1.61

1.52

1.96

1.65

1.85

3.47

4.12

7.28

9.57

12.34

18.87

15.53

3.01

4.37

2.71

6.04

18.13

17.74

15.34

0.90

1.43

1.83

1.92

2.34

2.57

1.82

1.05

1.75

2.53

1.90

2.34

3.32

2.18

0.90

1.25

1.43

2.99

2.93

3.52

7.77

1.06

1.71

1.B6

1.97

2.48

3.50

2.13

0.97

1.28

1.43

3.27

3.10

3.68

1.75

12.00

4.99

27.71

10.99

9.54

“61 .27

8.14

2.35

4.60

5.69

5.63

7.03

34,54

3.69 5.86
Tabla V1l. SmnWrderror ofthamMn wi@I'oftiuIU ~lB.74ymn, ~r~e, wx, ~,urtinization sutuj, and~r~hic~ion: United States, 1971-74

Urlamizarion status Geographic region

Ram, sax. and aga Urlaani2ad Urban Rurel Northeast Midwest South

●m ●rea

West

area

ALL31ACES, BOTH SEXES

78-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2534yems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544v0ars, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 yOars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-B4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 year fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Males

16-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-24 years......,..,...,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544 Vebwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-wyears ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Femalm

la.74~ws.,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lB-24yearc, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4564y0arl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years ., !....., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WHITE

Males

lB.74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lB-24yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25.34 vOars. h i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45.54 yOars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55a4vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6S-74VWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Females

lB-74wers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i 6.24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35=14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5564vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S574yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...8..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BLACK

Malas

76.74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l&24vmra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35474 )wms...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 yeera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

s5-74yams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Famalas

la-74 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-24 ~ears, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 Veers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . ...!... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 yws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S 8 . . . . . . . . . . . .

S5-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . ., . . . . . . . . .

0.61

1.OB

0.66

1.61

1.23

1.41

1.13

0.60

1.64

1.53

2.19

1.54

2.03

1,41

0.75

1,01

1.43

1.71

1,63

1 all

1.57

1.04

2.01

1.74

2.49

1.60

2.56

1.47

0.s5

l.la

1.73

1.66

1.7a

2.11

1 .s6

1.98

7.23

3.81

3.66

3.54

0.06

3.41

1M

2,al

4.10

3.82

6.39

3.93

4.ae

0.03

1.43

1.97

2.31

2.72

3.73

1.39

1.45

2.27

3.94

4,24

2.70

3.72

1.69

1.04

1S9

1.95

2,40

4.60

5.67

1.62

1.3a

1.97

3.61

3.33

2.79

3.43

2.17

1.22

2.04

2,27

2,46

2,3a

3,4a

1.77

6.17

7.36

15.72

“64.19

9.26

156.06

5.74

a.ao

14.63

4,4a

6.73

la.ol

%6.20

11s2

Standard error in pounds

0.69

1.57

2.17

0S4

1.66

1,70

1,54

1.27

3.50

3.45

2.01

2.54

2.42

1.44

o.9a

1.14

1.42

1.43

2.la

2.46

1.85

1.19

3.96

2.72

2.oa

2,7a

2.6a

1 ,al

1.00

1.35

1.59

1.61

2.14

2.35

1 .a2

a.67

4.91

35.13

a,15

0.56

12.65

5.11

2.62

2.66

3.4a

9.06

12.60

B.as

all

0.74

1.59

2.03

2.72

2.32

2.25

1.43

1.17

2.6B

3.aa

3.40

2.54

2.7a

2.13

o,a2

1.44

1.25

3.25

3.46

1.95

2.07

1.42

2.BO

3.23

3!66

2.61

3.19

2.14

0.95

1 .4a

1.26

3.66

291

2.13

2.03

12.46

5.95

37.29

5.31

3.37

19.85

5.40

4.14

6.44

2,57

4.a6

16.56

4.26

12,41

0.75

1.21

1.50

1.91

1.53

1.74

1.63

1.19

2,20

2.31

2.63

1.70

2.22

1.90

1.10

0.94

2.12

1.77

2.00

2.44

2.00

1.24

2.44

2.51

2.44

~.7a

2.23

2.29

1,25

1,24

2.33

2.1 B

1.63

3.07

2.01

3.55

7.ao

6.a8

B.93

6.34

11.12

0.63

3.15

S.73

5.52

5.60

9.27

7.61

7.40

o,az

1.47

2.la

1.4s

2.12

2.25

1.B7

1.36

3.59

2.74

2.’40

3.131

2.!42

1 ;39

1.07

1.:36

1 .{54

2.:31

2.31

2.i3a

2.50

1.111

4.62

2.[15

3.03

3.YB

3:!0

1.02

1.39

2.04

2.72

2.ila

2.:10

2.E16

zfia

2.~16

537

5.s!s

6.9I7

5.6i7

7.73

3.a17

2.42

3.9a

S,glz

6,27

4,77

15.16

3 .!5B

0.62

1.96

1.64

1 .az

2,07

1.29

1.41

1.28

4.49

2.32

2.a9

1.92

3.29

1.76

1.05

1.53

1.07

1.16

3.26

2.41

1.54

1.45

5.02

2na7

3.06

2.15

3,00

1.66

1.12

1.68

1.57

1.21

3.24

2.40

1.62

4.32

16.87

5.59

9.90

11.33

I 5.a7

3.65

4.02

5.02

6.7B

4.4a

14.a6

7.2a

5.a2
subgroup of each socioeconomic (or geographic)

variable within the ith age category.

Assume that the effect of age and socioeconomic

(or geographic) variables on mean height or weight,

~ij, can be expressed as linear combinations of

unknown parameters /$, PZ, “ 4 ‘ , &~ plus error

terms el, e2, ● ● ● , elz, that is,

~ij = ~~, & + Xkz P2+ ■ . *+xk12&2+ek (2)

k=l, ””” ,12.

Equivalently, in matrix notation,

Y =X~+e,

where

[

x xl 2 ““” X1,l

x;: X22 ““”X211

X3 1 X3 .2 ““”x~,l

x 41 X42 ●.*X411

.

x= :: .

12x 12 . . .

—

X1,2

1

X212

X372

’412

.

.

.

1

X9, X9 2

““” X9,, *12

xl~l x,~z”””xloll

1

1012

xl, , X,,2 ““”X1111 X1112

X121 X,22 ““*X1211 X1212

is called the design matrix,

p’=(pl, . .

, /312), e’ =’(e,, D● ● ,e12).

(3)

The parameter /3’ is a vector of unknown constants, and e’ is a random vanable with an asymptotic

multivariate normal distribution.

In some of the cases under consid~rationL a

preliminary examination showed that the Yil – Yi2

differences between subgroups within age categories

generally increased with age, reached a maximum,

and then generally decrease d, thus indicating a

possible interaction of age with socioeconomic (or

geowaphic) variables.

To account for the presence of interaction of

variables, the following design matrix was proposed:

x=

12x 12

ilooooloooo~

110000000000

101000010000

101000000000

100100001000

100100000000

100010000100

100010000000

100001000010

100001000000

100000000001

100000000000

The f~st column, containing twelve 1‘s, represents a

baseline figure for the second subgroup under consideration in the last age category. The next five

columns represent age effects, and the last six

columns represent socioeconomic (or geo~aphic)

effects within age.

Further assume that

E(e’) = [E(el), ● “ “ ,Me12)l = (Oy“ - “ 30,

or, equivalently,

E@)= X/3, lX’Xl#Oandl Jl#o (4)

where V is a valid and consistent estimate for the

population variance-covtiance matrixl 4‘20 V.,

wh-ere VP is defined as

[

2—

q: Ul~ “ “ “ ‘ln

U;l i+”” U2;

Vp= ■ “

.

nXnm . .

. . .

on: on; “ “ “ 0:

and it is the population variance-covariance matrix ofy,

when o: is the variance of ~i, and u; is the covatiance

Of~j, ~j), i #j.

The variance of the random variable ~i is a

measure of the extent to which ~i is dispersed about

its mean and is estimated by the balanced half-sample

replication method, which reflects the sampling design.18

The covariance u; of ~i and ~j (Z# ~) is a measure

of the extent to which ~i and ~j vary together and is a

function of the units of the measurement. It too is

estimated by the balanced half-sample replication

method. A discussion of the importance of the

estimation of the full covariance matrix is given by

Freeman and Brock.z 0 Following Koch et al.,14

estimates bi of parameters pi are calculated by weighted least square as follows:

b=(x’v–l x)-l X’v–ly (5)

b’=(bl, bz, ”””, blz)

Var(b)= (x’ v–1 x)– ‘ (6)

When the model parameters have been estimated,

one has

;.xb (7)

NOTE: Alistof references follows the text.

51
_.. .

Y11

~

Y12

*

Y21

fi

Y22

~

Y31

4

Y32

~

Y41

*

Y42

?5 ,

&

Y52

*

‘61

?62

iloooolooood

110000000000

101000010000

101000000000

100100001000

100100000000

100010000100

100010000000

100001000010

100001000000

100000000001

100000000000

“b,

b2

b3

b4

b5

b6

b7

b~

b9

b,

b,

b,

where the estimates ~ij in (7) can reexpressed as:

?11=b1+b2+b7

&

Y,2=b1+b2

&

Y21 =b1+b3+bB

.

.

.

f61=b1+b12

*

Y62 = b,

Hencebl, ● ● ● , b6 represent the weighted least

squares estimates of the age effects, and b7, ● 9 ● ,

b, z represent the weighted least squares estimates of

the differences of socioeconomic (or geographk)

effects within each age category, J

In general, after themodel parameters have been

estimated, the goodness of fit of the model is tested

using the Wald statistics

QE=(y-Xb)’ V-l(y-Xb). (8)

If subgroups under consideration are sufficiently

large, the ~ij is assumed to be approximately normally distributed by the central limit theorem since V is

a valid and consistent estimate of the population

variance-covariance matrix VP.

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

52

The statistic QE has approximately a X2 distribution with degrees of freedom equal to the number of

rows minus the number of columns of the design

matrix X. If QE is nonsignificant, the model is

assumed to tit.

However, in this case X is a square matrix; the

number of rows equals the number of columns,

Therefore, QE is zero (degenerate), One then examines the total variation statistic

Q~=y’ V-l y, (9)

which, as a consequence of the central limit theorem,

has a X2 distribution with degrees of freedom equal

to the number of rows, since the y’ ih tlhe total

variation statistic was not corrected for the mean.

Otherwise, the degrees of freedom would be equal to

the number of rows minus 1, or 11 in this case. If the

y’ values in QT are not corrected for the mean, then

what Q~ tests is that all the means are simultaneously

equal to zero, which is usually of little interest.

Hence, Q~ is usually huge, and the hypothesis will

generally be rejected.

If the Q~ statistic is significant with respect to a

xz distribution, this indicates that differences in the

mean values are not due to chance, and it is of

interest to determine for which subgroup the differences exist, This is done through the construction of

contrast matrices, C, and testing hypothesis of the

form C/3= 0.16

The statistics used to test such a hypothesis have

the form

QC= b’C’[C(X’VL lX)- 1C’]-l Cb (lo)

The statistics have an approximate X2 distribution

with degrees of freedom equal to the number of rows

of C when Ho is true.

Unless there exists an a priori, substantive reason

for leaving the interaction term out of the model,

(i.e., the difference of socioeconomic (or geolg-aphic)

effects across age categories), one must test for an

interaction effect. The hypothesis is

Ho: P7–#~=o, ”””, P7–69, ”””j (11)

/37 –1312 ‘o,

with the appropriate contrast matrix as

[

0000001–1 o 0 0 F

0000001 o–1 o 0 0

&2 0000001 0 o–1 o 0

0000001 0 0 0–”1 o

0000001 0 0 0 0-1

If (11) is not rejected, the conclusion would be that

the differences between the subgtoups of socioeconomic (or geographic) variables are generally the same

>.
for each age group. It is then appropriate to test for

equality of means between the subgroups of socioeconomic (or geographic) variables; that is,

Ho:~I,=p12?9-”,p6J=~62

where I+j is the mean height (or weight) for the @I

subgroup o of the ith age category. Noting that it can

be shown that

it can be shown that Ha is equivalent to the following

hypothesis:

and the contrast matrix used to test this hypothesis is

[

oooooo1oooo6-

000000010000

000000001000

6CX;2000000000100

000000000010

000000000001

If QCis found to be statistically significant, that is

not W ~il = I.+~, then it is of interest to test for

specific age categories where significance occurred,

that is, hypotheses of the form pi = Owhere i = 7, ● ●

● , 12.

The contrast matrix for the hypothesis /37= O is

G2(OOOO0 0100000).

In this analysis, a model has been produced that

completely saturates the variation in the y space.

However, the ultimate objective of such an analysis is

the development of a parsimonious model that fits

the data and adequately represents the variation

displayed by the data.

If other models were reduced from the one

herein, the conclusions drawn on the basis of the

other models would be similar to those obtained from

the original model. The reduced model is simply a

more concise and easily recognized representation of

the variation that is actually shown by the data.

53
Appendix Il. Demographic,

socioeconomic, and

geographic terms

Age.–The age recorded for each examinee was

the age at last birthday prior to the examination date.

The age criterion used in the survey was defined as

the examinee’s age at time of the census interview.

Twenty persons who were 74 years old at the time of

the interview became 75 years old during the time of

the examination. In the adjustment and weighting

procedures used. to produce national estimates, these

persons were included in the 74-year-old group.

Race. –For each individual, the observed race was

recorded as “white,” “black,” or “other races. ” The

last category included American Indians, Chinese,

Japanese, and all races other than white or black.

Mexican persons were included with white. Black

persons and persons of mixed black and other

parentage were recorded as “black.”

Geographic region. –The 48 contiguous States and

the District of Columbia (excluding Alaska and

Hawaii) were stratified into four broad geographic

regions, each of about the same population size. In a

few instances the actual boundaries of the region did

not follow State lines. Some strata in the Midwest

and South include primary sampling units (PSU’S)

located in the West. Similarly, some strata in the West

contain PSU’S located in the Midwest and South.

These were included in those specific regions. The

compositions were as follows:

Region States included

Northeast , . , . . . . Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode

Islandr New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania

Midwest ...,,... Ohior Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri

South .,....... Delaware, Mar@and, Virginia, West

Virginia, Kentucky, Arkansas, Tennassee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, District of

Columbia

Region States included

—

West, ...,..... Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana,

Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Ne’wada,

California, Arizona, New Mexico,

Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska,

South Dakota, North Dakota

Annual family income. –The income recorcied was

the total income received during the 12 months prior

to the interview by the head of the household and all

other related household members. This income was

considered the .goss cash family income (excluding

pay in kind) except for those families owning farms

or businesses; for them, the net income was recorded.

Furthermore, the income of a member of the Armed

Forces living at home with his family (even thcmgh he

was not considered a household member) ‘was included. If he was not living at home, allotments or

other money received by the family from him were

included in the family income figure.

Educational level.–Only grades attendeld in a

regular graded public or private school where persons

were given formal education, during the day or night,

either on a full-time or part-time attendance basis

were included. A “regular” school advances a person

toward an elementary or high school diploma, or a

college, university, or professional school degree.

Education received in vocational, trade, or business

schools outside the regular school system was not

counted in determining the highest grade completed.

If a person attended school in a foreign country, at an

ungraded school, under a tutor, or under other special

circumstances, the nearest equivalent of his or her

highest grade attended was given.

Urbanization status. –The classification of urbanrural areas was defined in the 1960 census. According

to that definition, the urban areas are (1) places of

2,500 inhabitants or more incorporated as cities,

boroughs, villages, and towns (except towns in New

England, New York, and Wisconsin); (2) the densely

54
settled urban ffige, whether incorporated or unincorporated, of urbanized areas; (3) towns in New

England and townships in New Jersey and Pennsylvania that have no incorporated municipalities as

subdivisions and either have 2,500 inhabitants or

more, or a population of 2,500 to 25,000 with a

density of 1,500 ~ersons per square mile; (4) counties

in States except the New England States, New Jersey,

and Pennsylvania that have no incorporated municipalities within their boundaries and have a density of

1,500 persons or more per square mile; and (5)

unincorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more

‘&at are not included in any urban fringe. The

remaining population is classitled as rural.

The categories of urbanization status (according

to population density) are as follows: (1) urbanized

Mea, 3,000,000 persons or more; (2) urbanized area,

1,000,000-2,000,000 persons; (3) urbanized area,

250,000-999,999 pemons; (4) urbanized area, under

250,000 persons; (5) urban, not in an urbanized area,

25,000 persons or more; (6) urban, not in an

urbanized mea, 10,000-24,999 persons; (7) urban,

not in an urbanized area, 2,500-9,999 persons; and

(8) rural.

55
Appendix Ill. Sample size and

estimated population tables

Table Vll 1. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and annual family income: Unitad States, 1971-74

Annual family income

Under $4,000 $4,000-$6.999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 and over

Sex and age

Population

Sample Sample

Population

Sample

Population

Sample

Population

Sample

Population

in in in in in

size thousands size thousands size thousands size thousands size thousands

Both sexes

18-74 years . . . . . . . . 3,268

18-24 years . . . . . . . . 549

25-34 years . . . . . . . . 317

3544 years . . . . . . . . 291

45-54 years, . . . . . . . 231

55-64 years . . . . . . . . 322

65-74 years . . . . . . . . 1,558

Males

18-74 years . . . . . . . . 1,196

18-24 years . . . . . . . . 197

25-34 years . . . . . . . . 75

3544years . . . . . . . . 63

45-54 years . . . . . . . . 99

55.64 years . . . . . . . . 118

65-74 years.....,,. 644

Famales

18-74 years . . . . . . . . 2,072

18-24 years . . . . ..m. 352

25-34 years . . . . . . . . 242

3544 years . . . . . . . . 228

45-54 years . . . . . . . . 132

55-64 years . . . . . . . . 204

65-74 years . . . . . . . . 914

19,882

4,756

2,146

1,870

2,299

3,836

4,975

7,917

2,289

814

860

852

1,334

1,768

11,965

2,466

1,333

1,010

1,447

2,502

3,207

2,256

412

427

283

209

215

710

851

126

104

73

86

97

365

1,405

286

323

210

123

118

345

17,883

4,293

3,338

2,043

2,514

2,943

2,752

7,758

1,928

1,358

891

1,021

1,288

1,273

10,125

2,365

1,981

1,152

1,493

1,655

1,479

2,962

563

685

519

346

268

581

1,131

170

219

149

152

130

311

1,831

393

466

370

194

138

270

29,170

6,107

7,055

4,697

4,706

4,256

2,349

13,741

2,810

3,563

2,178

1,994

2,018

1,177

15,429

3,297

3,491

2,519

2,712

2,238

1,172

2,587

423

702

592

401

202

267

1,012

150

231

180

213

106

132

1,575

273

471

412

188

96

135

29,824

4,960

7,814

6,345

6,335

3,213

1,156

15,027

2,416

3,939

3,076

3,454

1,664

479

14,797

2,545

3,876

3,268

2,882

1,548

678

2,072

270

494

558

353

194

203

857

106

151

173

186

116

125

1,215

164

343

385

167

78

78

27,111

3,741

5,794

6,505

6,447

3,725

899

14,386

1,972

2,909

3,272

3,422

2,283

528

12,725

1,769

2,885

3,232

3,025

1,442

371

56
Table IX. Sample size and estimated population for adu Its ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, and annual family income: United Statas, 1971-74

Annual family income

Under $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999

Race, sex. and age

$15,000 and over

Sample

Population

Sample

Population

Sample

Population Population Population

in in in Sample Sample

size

in

size

in

thousands thousands size thousands size thousands size thousands

WHITE

Males

18-74 years . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . .

25-34 years ...4,4,.

3544 years . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . .

65-74 years .,,.....

Females

18-74 years . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . .

35-44 years . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . .

BLACK

Males

18-74 years . . . . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . .

35-44 years . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . .

Females

18-74 years . . . . . . . .

18-24 years .,.....,

25-34 years . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . .

56-64 years . . . . . . . .

65-74 years .,......

824

141

53

40

55

81

454

1,355

210

123

106

84

141

691

357

50

21

22

44

36

I&l

701

135

117

119

47

63

220

5,920

1,781

550

548

495

1,069

1,477

9,177

1,851

780

653

1,089

2,017

2,788

1,824

386

232

308

357

259

281

2,699

572

545

329

355

485

414

685

97

80

55

65

80

308

1,077

205

239

140

97

94

302

155

28

21

18

21

16

51

310

75

79

68

25

23

40

6,659

1,606

1,203

745

834

1,111

1,160

8,482

1,909

1,612

918

1,219

1,456

1,367

1,055

308

140

146

186

174

100

1,521

415

345

226

265

174

96

957

140

180

123

119

114

281

1,527

331

381

285

171

119

240

157

27

37

25

31

13

24

282

54

81

78

23

18

28

12,160

2,454

3,171

1,846

1,704

1,875

1,111

13,763

2,973

3,058

2,048

2,511

2,061

1,113

1,403

328

368

306

276

76

51

1,555

281

416

441

201

158

57

921

134

203

172

192

100

120

1,435

233

444

371

168

94

125

81

14

26

6

18

5

12

121

33

22

35

19

2

10

14,303

2,282

3,614

2,965

3,346

1,637

459

14,026

2,371

3,679

3,051

2,731

1,542

650

589

110

269

81

90

19

20

662

134

162

185

147

6

28

792

93

137

162

173

109

118

1,126

149

312

356

159

74

76

52

10

10

8

12

6

6

73

14

26

21

7

3

2

13,593

1,830

2,659

3,087

3,299

2,201

517

12,025

1,654

2,698

3,089

2,816

1,400

367

617

118

203

95

116

74

11

557

104

147

96

189

17

4

57
Table X. Sample size and estimated population for adults agas lg-74 years, bv race, sex, age, and educational level: United States, 1971-74

Less than 9 years 9-77 years

Race and age Both sexes Males Females Both sexes Males Female!

Sample

Population

Sample

Population

sample

Population Population

Sample in

Population Population

in in in Sample

size size

in Sample

size size

in

thousands thousands thousands thousands size thousands size t$ ousands

All rscesl

18-74 Vears . . . . .

18-24 ywrs . . . . .

25-34 Vears . . . . .

3544yEars, . . . .

45-54 years . . . . .

55-64 yeara . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . .

White

18-74 years . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . .

25-34 Vears . . . .

35-44 years . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . .

55-S4 years , ., . .

65-74 Vears . . . . .

Black

18-74 yaars . .

16-24 vears . . . .

25-34 years . . . . .

3544 years . . . . .

45-54 Vears . . .

55-64 years . . .

65-74 Vears . . . . .

3,740

144

264

404

456

527

1,943

2,742

66

206

272

330

389

1,459

957

50

56

124

125

134

468

24,655

1,299

2,325

3,013

5,207

6,674

6,136

20,114

916

1,949

2,319

4,042

5,616

5,272

4,335

322

370

650

1,135

1.023

1,750

51

76

119

24S

263

993

1,301

28

62

85

77a

200

748

432

21

14

34

66

60

235

12,446

679

1,155

1,540

2,839

3,404

2,829

10,151

479

961

1,148

2,210

2,921

2,431

2,219

178

195

392

602

472

360

1,990

93

188

285

210

264

950

1,441

58

144

187

152

189

711

525

29

42

90

57

74

233

12,209

621

1,170

1,473

2,368

3,270

3,307

9,963

437

988

1,171

1,832

2,694

2,841

2,116

144

175

258

533

551

455

2,416 21,500

456 4,459

476 3,633

471 3,896

300 4,182

222 3,333

491 1.897

1,804 18,252

308 3,643

321 2,774

332 3,201

239 3,717

164 3,064

420 1,853

:595 3,144

142 “ 773

152 846

136 666

61 465

37 266

67 128

816

162

110

114

142

94

194

648

121

73

90

114

82

168

160

40

35

23

28

11

23

9,499

2,257

1,381

1,643

2,114

1,377

728

8,203

1,893

1,040

1,374

1,905

1,315

678

1,269

361

331

266

209

60

42

1,600

294

366

357

158

128

297

1,156

187

246

242

125

102

252

435

102

117

113

33

26

44

1:2,000

;Z,202

2,252

2,253

2,068

:1,956

:1,269

1(),048

,749

,734

,828

,813

,750

,175

1,876

411

515

401

256

206

86

llncludo~ ,aca~ Otiar than white and black.

58
Table X. Sample size and estimated population for adults a~s 18-74 yeara, by race, sex, age, and educational level: United States, 1971 -74-COn.

Educational level

12 years 13 years or more

Race andage Both sexes Males Females Boti sexes Males Females

POqrlatiOn

Sample ,n Sample

Population Population

S8mpIe . .Sampie

Population

Sarmp\e

Population

Sample

Population

in in

rh~ands

in

size size

in

thOusan& thOusan& size size thousands “ze thousands size thousands

All races’

18-74 years . . . . .

lB-24 years . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . .

3544 years . . . . .

45+4 years . . . . .

5934yeam . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . .

White

18-74 years . . . . .

18-24 years . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . .

35-44 ymrs . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . .

5%64 years . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . .

Black

18-74 years . . . . .

18-24 years ., . . .

25-34 yeara . . . .

35-44 years . . . . .

45-54 yearn . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . .

47,606

10,403

11,632

9,190

8,529

5.561

2.281

1,416

Z&l

325

223

208

19,676

4,417

5,239

3,741

3,188

2,329

962

3,053

657

648

719

336

191

302

27,730

5,966

6,392

5,449

5,341

3,232

1,330

2,938

750

772

485

267

178

466

34,364

.9,493

9,229

5,897

5,230

3334

2,181

1,224

274

1a,aoo

4,416

5,159

3,564

2,926

1,665

871

1,714

476

483

289

128

81

257

15,564

4,077

4,070

2,334

2,304

1,468

1,311

14,277

3,670

3,706

2,136

2,085

1,425

1,255

1,105

33a

309

170

208

25

55

4,469

941

1#173

942

545

328

540

3,859

741

989

817

502

310

500

567

191

173

112

40

15

36

289

196

159

97

208

137

238

17,497

4,064

4,675

3,360

2,820

1,737

841

1,514

404

430

251

109

76

244

43,823

9,129

10,547

8,420

8,127

5,388

2,212

1,245

22B

279

203

185

130

220

18,439

3,861

4,853

3,509

3,028

2,266

921

2,614

513

770

614

317

1130

280

25,365

5,266

5,693

4,911

5,098

3,122

1,291

2,627 31,775 1,113

7,734 248

8,381

5,496

4.905

3,162

2,096

652

685 256

434

255

167

434

183

146

91

190

1 i70

527

628

2=

302

82

77

3,400

1,213

1,021

675

365

138

68

158

53

45

18

22

5

15

1,345

530

383

201

144

53

33

409 2,135

683

638

473

221

66

35

248

76

68

40

27

8

29

79

17

24

8

10

4

16

765

189

319

83

84

57

22

169

59

44

32

77

4

13

138

12a

94

18

10

21

‘ Includes races omer tim white and black.

59
60
Table X11. Sampla ciza and estimated population for adults ages 1S-74 years, by race, sex, age, and geographic ragion: United States, 1971-74

Geographic ra@on

Norttsmst Midrnrt

Rwe and age Both sexes Melea Females Both S.9X.9S Males Fame/es

P~ulatiOn

Sample . Sample

hulat~on ~w,e Pqwlation Pqwlation

.%mpla . &mple

Population

Sample

Population

size d70L& size

in

thOt&sds size drw’;ands size

in

thZmnc& siza tiousands siza dsousands

All racasl

18-74 years ., ., .

l&24vMm . . . . .

25-34 veers..,..

36-d4yEmm ..,..

45-s4yWs. ...,

55-84 yeara . . . . .

65-74 yaars . . . . .

White

lS-74y0ars . . . . .

18-24 yaars . . . . .

25-34 yaars . . . . .

3544yenn ...,.

45-54 Warn.....

55-S4years .,...

65-74 yaars . . . . .

Black

10-74 yearn . . . . .

18-24 veers . . . . .

2534vaars ..,..

3544yaera .,...

4564yaars, . . . .

55-s4years . . . . .

s5-74yaara . . . . .

2,926

467

613

522

361

279

6S4

2,483

37a

50s

432

317

234

614

422

75

9B

85

42

43

7s

31,469

5,50s

6,231

5,s95

5,803

4s56

3,167

28,776

4~77

5,672

5,1 so

5,526

4,474

2,977

2,438

468

516

611

357

396

186

1,123

15S

16s

156

1s3

124

335

978

139

156

141

142

104

286

137

18

27

14

21

19

3B

14,936

2,723

3,130

2,7S4

2,6S4

2,226

1,390

13,833

2,525

2,sss

2,617

2,543

1,950

1,314

955

149

214

163

141

213

74

1,603

298

427

3s6

198

155

359

1,506

239

352

281

175

130

318

265

57

71

71

21

24

41

16,523

2,763

3,101

2,911

3,218

2,732

1.778

14,843

2,452

2,7SS

2,533

2,9S3

2,525

1,ss4

1,463

318

304

348

216

183

114

3,251

!31

709

579

402

2s3

737

2,732

437

Soo

4s0

333

247

635

469

93

102

91

88

36

99

33,370

5,863

7,5s5

5,s00

6,240

4,744

2,937

30,345

5,36s

6,B24

5,332

5,621

4,437

2,745

2,706

456

671

465

So4

307

162

1,25s

193

215

1ss

201

135

346

I ,075

15S

185

142

167

126

286

172

28

26

23

33

9

50

16,542

3,093

3,734

2,785

3,272

2,433

1,224

15,121

2,752

3,343

2,517

2,SS0

2,3B3

1,135

1,228

244

347

236

268

w

83

1,s83

348

494

413

ml

148

389

1,657

278

415

338

166

121

339

317

64

74

68

35

27

49

16,S2B

2,890

3,831

3,115

2,968

2,311

7,774

15,224

2,634

3,4BI

2,815

2,631

2,053

1,610

1,478

212

325

249

337

257

89

llncludes ,ncas Other than whim and black,

61
Table X11, Sample size and estimated pOpulatiOn for adults ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic regicm: United States, 1971 -74-COLI.

Geographic region

South west

Race and age Both sexas Males Females Both sexes Males Females

Sample

Population

Sample

POpulaCiOn

Sample

Population Population Population Population

in in .sampla in

size

Semple

size

in Sample

size

in

thousands size in

thousands thousands thousanh size thousands size

thousands

All rata-sl

18-74 years . . . , .

18-24 years . , . . .

25-34 years . . . . .

3544years ..,,.

45+4yaars ----- .?

55.54yeass . , , . ,

65-74 years , . . . .

White

18-74 yeara . . . . .

18.24 years . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . .

3544years , . . . .

45-54 years . . . , .

55-64 vears . . . . .

6574yasrs . . . . .

Black

16-74 years . . . . ,

18-24 yaars . , , . .

2534yaars . . . . .

3544 years..,..

45-54 years . . . . .

55-64 yams . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . .

3.77B

663

657

577

440

351

1,120

2,710

449

4B0

407

311

269

794

1,056

20B

175

170

99

B1

323

30,905 1,427

6,374 277

6,183 197

4s21 147

5,362 L80

4,757 153

3,407 514

25,029 1,042

4,666 155

4,960 150

3,6BB 113

4,366 136

4,069 127

2,036 361

6#05 360

1#475 61

1,214 46

932 34

974 53

643 36

565 150

14,127

2,943

2*99

2,203

2,374

2,261

1,427

11,445

2,239

2,406

1,747

1,909

1,967

1,177

2,663

696

488

456

465

314

243

2,351

446

460

430

22?

1B6

606

1,66B

294

330

264

175

142

433

676

147

129

136

46

45

173

76,778

3,431

3,2B5

2,617

2,686

2,476

1,961

13,5B3

2,629

2,5E4

2,141

2,4~

2,122

1,656

3,142

779

726

476

509

329

322

3,716

635

721

650

428

354

926

3,176

526

623

552

372

306

797

437

05

79

75

47

40

33,264

6,615

6,956

5,653

5,606

4,590

3,262

30,467

6,200

6,299

5,257

5,383

4,313

3,015

2,106

449

475

395

359

227

1,453

204

206

195

212

176

460

1,249

173

161

173

183

14B

391

156

24

16

16

23

21

111 202 56

15,576 2,263

3,024 431

3,240 515

2,904 456

2,620 216

2,133 17B

1,456 466

14,294 1,927

2,784 353

2,959 442

2,634 379

2,596 189

1,975 158

1,344 406

907 279

180 61

163 61

150 59

163 24

125 19

66 55

17,70B

3,791

3,717

2,949

2,989

2,457

1,805

16,173

3,416

$340

2,623

2,766

2,337

1,671

1,199

269

292

245

176

101

116

‘1 ncludes rncw. other than white and black.

62
Vital and Health Statistics series descriptions 

SERIES 1 

SERIES 2. 

SERIES 3. 

SERIES 4. 

SERIES 10. 

SERIES 11 

SERIES 12. 

SERIES13. 

Programs and Collection Procedures-Reports describing 

the general programs of the National Center for Health 

Statistics and its offices and divisions and the data collection methods used. They also include definitions and 

other material necessary for understanding the data. 

Data Evaluation and Methods Research.-Studies of new 

statistical methodology including experimental tests of 

new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection 

methods, new analytical techniques, objective evaluations 

of reliability of collected data, and contributions to statistical theory. 

Analytical and Epidemiological Studies-Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital 

and health statistics, carrying the analysis further than 

the expository types of reports in the other series. 

Documents and Committee Reports.-Final reports of 

major committees concerned with vital and health statistics and documents such as recommended model vital 

registration laws and revised birth and death certificates. 

Data From the National Health Interview Survey.-Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use of hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other 

health-related topics, all based on data collected in the 

continuing national household interview survey. 

Data From the National Health Examination Survey and 

the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.- 

Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement 

of national samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized 

population provide the basis for (1) estimates of the 

medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the 

United States and the distributions of the population 

with respect to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics and (2) analysis of relationships 

among the various measuremehts without reference to 

an explicit finite universe of persons. 

Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys.-Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are included in Series 13. 

Data on Health Resources Utilization.-Statistics on the 

utilization of health manpower and facilities providing 

long-term care, ambulatory care, hospital care, and family 

planning services. 

SERIES 14. Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities.- 

Stattstics on the numbers, geographic distribution, and 

characteristics of health resources including physicians, 

dentists, nurses, other health occupations, hospitals, 

nursing homes, and outpatient facilities. 

SERIES 15. Data From Special Surveys.-Statistics on health and 

health-related topics collected in spectal surveys that 

are not a part of the continuing data systems of the 

National Center for Health Statistics. 

SERIES 20. Data on Mortality.-Various statistics on mortality other 

than as included in regular annual or monthly reports. 

Special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables; geographic and time series analyses; 

and statistics on characteristics of deaths not available 

from the vital records based on sample surveys of those 

records. 

SERIES 21. Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce.-Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce other than as 

included in regular annual or monthly reports. Special 

analyses by demographic variables; geographic and time 

series analyses; studies of fertility; and statistics on 

characteristics of births not available from the vital 

records based on sample surveys of those records. 

SERIES 22. Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys.- 

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these sample surveys 

based on vltal records are included in Series 20 and 21, 

respectively. 

SERIES 23. Data From the National Survey of Family Growth.- 

Statistics on fertility, family formation and dissolution, 

family planning, and related maternal and infant health 

topics derived from a periodic survey of a nationwide 

probability sample of ever-married women 1544 years 

of age. 

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: 

Scientific and Technical Information Branch 

NaTional Center for Health Statistics 

Public Health Service 

Hyattsville, Md. 20782 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

Public Health Service 

POSTAGE AND FEES PAID 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HHS 

Offiie of Health Research, Statistics, and Technology 

National Center for Health Statistics 

3700 East-West Highway 

Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 

HHS 396 

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omx~ BIJ~INESS 

PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 

frorl 4 se c-a’ ice of Health Research, Statistics, and Technology 

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 81-1674, Series 11, No. 224 

for a listing of publications in the VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS SERIES call 301-436-NCHS