United States Department of Agriculture 

Characteristics of Supplemental 

Nutrition Assistance Program 

Households: Fiscal Year 2014 

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Report No. SNAP-15-CHAR

Nutrition Assistance Program Report Series

Office of Policy Support
USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 
December 2015

Supplemental Nutrition 

Assistance Program

Report No. SNAP-15-CHAR

 

Characteristics of Supplemental 

Nutrition Assistance Program 

Households: Fiscal Year 2014

Authors:

Kelsey Farson Gray and Shivani Kochhar

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Mathematica Policy Research Office of Policy Support

1100 1st Street NE, 12th Floor USDA, Food and Nutrition Service

Washington, DC 20002-4221 3101 Park Center Drive, Suite 1014

 Alexandria, VA 22302-1500

Project Director: Karen Cunnyngham Project Officer: Jenny Genser

This study was conducted under Contract Number AG-3198-K-15-0007 with the Food and 

Nutrition Service.

This report is available on the Food and Nutrition Service website: 

http://www.fns.usda.gov/ops/research-and-analysis 

Suggested Citation:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Policy Support, 

Characteristics of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Households: Fiscal Year 2014, by 

Kelsey Farson Gray and Shivani Kochhar. Project Officer, Jenny Genser. Alexandria, VA, 2015.

United States Department of Agriculture
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This report was prepared by Kelsey Farson Gray and Shivani Kochhar of Mathematica Policy 

Research for the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Policy 

Support. Many individuals made important contributions to the report. The authors thank Karen 

Cunnyngham, Joshua Leftin, Esa Eslami, and Ronette Briefel for providing guidance and reviewing 

the report; Katherine Bencio, Alma Vigil, and Joel Smith for providing programming support; and 

Sheena Flowers for preparing the manuscript. The authors also thank Jenny Genser, Kathryn Law, 

Barbara Murphy, Michael DePiro, Michael Burke, Leigh Gantner, Jessica Luna, and Casey McConnell 

of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service for providing guidance and 

program information. 

Authors: Kelsey Farson Gray and Shivani Kochhar 

Mathematica Project Director: Karen Cunnyngham 

Mathematica Project Number: 50079.500

FNS Project Officer: Jenny Genser

FNS Contract Number: AG-3198-K-15-0007

December 2015

iii
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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................... xvii

1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................1

2 OVERVIEW OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM..........3

Program Eligibility Requirements ...................................................................3

The Household........................................................................................3

Categorical Eligibility...............................................................................4

Income Eligibility Standards.....................................................................5

Resources................................................................................................6

Nonfinancial Eligibility Standards.............................................................7

Application Procedures ..................................................................................7

Benefit Computation......................................................................................9

SSI Combined Application Project (SSI-CAP) Households...........................9

Minnesota Family Investment Program Households (MFIP) .....................10

SNAP Benefit Issuance..................................................................................10

Program Changes Since the Previous Fiscal Year ..........................................10

SNAP Participation and Costs .......................................................................11

3 CHARACTERISTICS OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS AND PARTICIPANTS ....................13

The Poverty Status of SNAP Households.......................................................13

Households with Greater Needs ...................................................................14

Households with Children......................................................................14

Households with Elderly Individuals.......................................................16

Households with Non-Elderly Individuals with Disabilities ......................20

Other Households Served by SNAP.........................................................20

Single-Person Households......................................................................20

Characteristics of SNAP Participants.............................................................21

Changes in the Economic Conditions of SNAP Households ...........................21

ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................25

v 
APPENDIX A: DETAILED TABLES OF SNAP HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS .................. 35 

APPENDIX B: DETAILED TABLES OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS BY STATE.............................. 67 

APPENDIX C: FISCAL YEAR 2014 SNAP PARAMETERS .................................................. 87 

APPENDIX D: SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES .............................................. 95 

APPENDIX E: SAMPLING ERROR OF ESTIMATES.........................................................103 

APPENDIX F: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT........................................................ 113 

INDEX...................................................................................................................... 119 

vi
TABLES 

REPORT

2.1 Major economic indicators, calendar years 1999 to 2014 ..................... 12

3.1 Distribution of households and their benefits by countable 

income as a percentage of poverty guideline, fiscal year 2014.............. 15

3.2 Household receipt of countable income types by household 

composition, fiscal year 2014............................................................... 17

3.3 Percentage of households with countable income types by 

household composition, fiscal year 2014.............................................. 18

3.4 Average values of selected characteristics by household 

composition, fiscal year 2014............................................................... 19

3.5 SNAP benefits of participants by selected demographic 

characteristics, fiscal year 2014............................................................ 22

3.6 Nominal and real values of selected characteristics, fiscal year 

2013 and fiscal year 2014 .................................................................... 23

APPENDIX A 

Summary Characteristics 

A.1 Distribution of participating households, individuals, and benefits 

by household composition, locality, countable income source, and 

SNAP benefit amount............................................................................. 37 

A.2 Average gross countable income as a percentage of poverty 

guideline, gross and net countable income, total deduction, SNAP 

benefit, household size, and certification period of participating 

households by household composition, locality, countable income 

source, and SNAP benefit amount.......................................................... 38 

Income, Poverty Status, and Resources

A.3 Distribution of participating households with children, elderly 

individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities by amount 

of gross and net countable income, countable resources, and gross 

and net countable income as a percentage of poverty guideline............. 39 

A.4 Distribution of participating households by household size and 

amount of countable gross and net income, resources, and gross 

and net income as a percentage of poverty guideline.............................40

vii
APPENDIX A (continued) 

A.5 Average gross and net countable income, average gross and net 

countable income as a percentage of poverty guideline, average 

countable resources, and average benefit of participating 

households by household composition and size ....................................41

A.6 Distribution of participating households with children, elderly 

individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities by type of 

countable income .................................................................................. 42 

A.7 Average income, total deduction, SNAP benefit, and household size

of participating households by type of countable income....................... 43 

A.8 Distribution of participating households with children, elderly 

individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities by 

countable earned and unearned income amounts .................................. 44 

SNAP Deductions

A.9 Distribution of participating households by type of deduction and 

household composition, countable income source, and SNAP 

benefit amount...................................................................................... 46 

A.10 Average values of deductions of participating households by 

household composition, countable income source, and SNAP 

benefit amount...................................................................................... 47 

A.11 Distribution of participating households by selected household 

characteristics and amount of deduction ............................................... 49 

SNAP Benefit

A.12 Distribution of participating households by selected household 

characteristics and SNAP benefit amount, SNAP benefit as a 

percentage of the maximum benefit, and certification period ................50

Household Composition

A.13 Distribution of participating households by type of most recent 

action and expedited service ................................................................. 51

A.14 Distribution of participating households, individuals, and benefits 

by household composition..................................................................... 52 

A.15 Average gross countable income as a percentage of poverty 

guideline, gross and net countable income, total deduction, SNAP 

benefit, household size, and certification period of participating 

households by household composition.................................................. 53 

viii
APPENDIX A (continued) 

A.16 Distribution of participating households by countable income type 

and household composition................................................................... 54 

A.17 Distribution of participating households with children, elderly 

individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities by selected 

characteristics ....................................................................................... 55 

A.18 Average values of selected characteristics for participating 

households with children, elderly individuals, and non-elderly 

individuals with disabilities.................................................................... 56 

A.19 Distribution of participating households with countable earned and 

unearned income by selected characteristics ......................................... 57 

A.20 Average values of selected characteristics for participating 

households with countable earned and unearned income ...................... 58 

A.21 Distribution of participating households with selected household 

characteristics by race/Hispanic status of household head..................... 59 

A.22 Distribution of participating households by presence of a 

household member with selected characteristics ...................................60

Participants

A.23 Gender and SNAP benefits of participants by selected demographic 

characteristic.........................................................................................61

A.24 Distribution of participants by Thrifty Food Plan sex-age groups 

and household size ............................................................................... 62 

A.25 Distribution of household heads, all participants, and non-elderly 

adult participants by work registration status and employment 

status .................................................................................................... 63 

Survey Comparisons: Fiscal Years 1989 to 2014

A.26 Comparison of participating households with key SNAP household 

characteristics for fiscal years 1989 to 2014.......................................... 64 

A.27 Comparison of average nominal and real values of key SNAP 

household characteristics for fiscal years 1989 to 2014......................... 65 

A.28 Comparison of number of SNAP participants by gender and age for 

fiscal years 1989 to 2014 ...................................................................... 66 

ix
APPENDIX B 

B.1 Distribution of participating households, individuals, and benefits 

by State ................................................................................................. 69 

B.2 Average values of selected characteristics by State ................................70

B.3 Distribution of participating households by poverty status and by 

State......................................................................................................71

B.4 Distribution of participating households by shelter-related 

characteristics and by State ................................................................... 72 

B.5 Distribution of participating households by household composition 

and by State .......................................................................................... 73 

B.6 Distribution of participating households by selected countable 

income sources and by State ................................................................. 74 

B.7 Average values of selected countable income sources by State .............. 75 

B.8 Distribution of participating households by earnings-related 

characteristics and by State ................................................................... 76 

B.9 Distribution of entrant households with and without expedited 

service by State ..................................................................................... 77 

B.10 Distribution of participating households by race/Hispanic status of 

household head and by State................................................................. 78 

B.11 Distribution of participating households by use of Standard Utility 

Allowance and by State.......................................................................... 79 

B.12 Distribution of participating categorically eligible households by 

public assistance status and by State.....................................................80

B.13 Distribution of participating households by poverty status and by 

State, and effect of SNAP benefits on the poverty status of SNAP 

households............................................................................................81

B.14 Distribution of participants by age and by State..................................... 82 

B.15 Distribution of participants by disability status and by State .................. 83 

B.16 Distribution of participants by citizenship status and by State ............... 84 

B.17 Distribution of noncitizen participants by age and by State.................... 85 

x 
APPENDIX C 

C.1 2013 HHS poverty income guidelines.....................................................89

C.2 SNAP maximum allowable gross monthly income eligibility 

standards in fiscal year 2014 ................................................................. 90

C.3 SNAP maximum allowable net monthly income eligibility standards 

in fiscal year 2014 .................................................................................91

C.4 Value of standard and maximum excess shelter expense 

deductions in the contiguous United States and outlying areas in 

fiscal year 2014 ..................................................................................... 92 

C.5a Value of maximum monthly SNAP benefit in the contiguous United 

States and outlying areas in October 2013 (ARRA) ................................. 93 

C.5b Value of maximum monthly SNAP benefit in the contiguous United 

States and outlying areas in November 2013 through September 

2014 (post-ARRA) ..................................................................................94

C.6 Value of minimum monthly SNAP benefit in the contiguous United 

States and outlying areas in fiscal year 2014 ......................................... 94 

APPENDIX D 

D.1 Number of cases sampled, dropped from the edited file, and 

included in the edited file, fiscal year 2014 ............................................ 98 

D.2 Unweighted distribution of participating households by State................ 99 

D.3 Comparison of program data to edited SNAP QC datafile, fiscal 

year 2014 ............................................................................................100

D.4 Comparison of calculated and reported values for selected 

variables of participating households, fiscal year 2014 ........................101

APPENDIX E 

E.1 Standard errors of estimated numbers of SNAP households, fiscal 

year 2014 ............................................................................................108 

E.2 Square root of design effects (d) for standard errors of estimated 

numbers or percentages of SNAP households, fiscal year 2014 ............109 

E.3 Standard errors of estimated means, fiscal year 2014 .......................... 110

E.4 Range of standard errors of mean amounts expressed as a 

percentage of the mean amount, fiscal year 2014 ................................ 111

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FIGURES 

2.1 SNAP participants, unemployed individuals, individuals in 

poverty, and individuals at or below 130 percent of poverty, 

calendar years 1985 to 2014................................................................ 11

3.1 Effect of SNAP benefits on the poverty status of SNAP 

households, fiscal year 2014 ................................................................ 15

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) serves as the foundation of America’s 

national nutrition safety net. It is the nation’s first line of defense against food insecurity and offers a 

powerful tool to improve nutrition among low-income individuals. SNAP is the largest of the 15 

domestic food and nutrition assistance programs administered by the Food and Nutrition Service 

(FNS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). This report describes the characteristics of 

SNAP households and participants nationwide in fiscal year 2014 (October 2013 through September 

2014). It also presents an overview of SNAP eligibility requirements and benefit levels in fiscal year 

2014. The appendices provide detailed tabulations of household and participant characteristics for the 

nation and by State, as well as a brief description of the sample design and the sampling error 

associated with the estimates presented in the report. 

SNAP Participation and Costs

In an average month in fiscal year 2014, SNAP provided benefits to 46.5 million people living in 

nearly 22.7 million households across the United States. The total federal cost of the Program in fiscal 

year 2014 was $74.2 billion, $70.0 billion of which went to SNAP benefits with the remainder going 

to program administration. The average monthly SNAP benefit across all participating households in 

fiscal year 2014 was $257. 

The participant counts and benefit costs discussed in this section are based on FNS administrative 

records and thus differ slightly from estimates based on the SNAP Quality Control (SNAP QC) 

sample file (see Appendix D for an explanation of the differences). The remainder of this summary

draws on data from the SNAP QC file. 

Characteristics of SNAP Households and Participants

In fiscal year 2014, approximately 84 percent of SNAP households lived in poverty, as measured 

by the federal poverty guideline issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 

(Appendix C). Forty-three percent of SNAP households had gross incomes that were less than or 

equal to half of the poverty guideline; these households received 58 percent of all benefits. With the 

value of SNAP benefits included as income, 10 percent of SNAP households would move above the 

poverty guideline and 13 percent would move from below half to above half of the poverty guideline. 

Twenty-two percent of SNAP households had zero gross income in fiscal year 2014 and 41

percent had zero net income. Thirty-one percent of SNAP households had earned income, 20 percent 

received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 25 percent received Social Security income, 8 percent 

received Child Support Enforcement payments, 6 percent received support from Temporary 

Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), 3 percent received State General Assistance benefits, and 2 

percent received unemployment income. None of these percentages changed by more than 2 

percentage points from fiscal year 2013 to fiscal year 2014. 

Seventy-six percent of SNAP households included a child, an elderly individual, or an individual

with a disability; these households received 82 percent of all benefits. Households with children 

received an average monthly SNAP benefit of $390, reflecting their larger average household size. The 

average household with children had 3.2 people, compared with an average of 1.1 people for 

households without children. A majority (57 percent) of SNAP households with children were singleadult households. Only 16 percent of these single-adult households with children received cash 

xv
benefits from TANF. More than half (52 percent) of all SNAP households with children had earned 

income; 42 percent of single-adult households with children and 64 percent of multiple-adult 

households with children had earned income. Three percent of all households with children had both 

TANF and earned income. 

Households with elderly individuals received an average monthly SNAP benefit of $129, 

reflecting their smaller-than-average size (1.3 people) and higher-than-average income compared to 

other SNAP participants. Eighty-two percent of SNAP households with elderly individuals consisted 

of an elderly individual living alone. These individuals received an average monthly benefit of $110, 

compared with an average monthly benefit of $212 for households with elderly individuals not living 

alone and $283 for households without any elderly individuals. 

In fiscal year 2014, 64 percent of all SNAP participants were either children (44 percent), elderly 

adults (10 percent), or non-elderly adults with disabilities (10 percent). Just over half (56 percent) of 

all participants were female. About two-thirds (69 percent) of children were school age (age 5 to 17).

xvi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a central component of the nation’s 

nutrition assistance safety net. SNAP’s stated purpose is “to permit low-income households to obtain 

a more nutritious diet by increasing their purchasing power” (Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as 

amended by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [2008 Farm Bill], PL 110-246). SNAP 

is the largest of the 15 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs administered by the Food and 

Nutrition Service (FNS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). According to FNS 

administrative records, during fiscal year 2014, SNAP served approximately 46.5 million people in an 

average month, at a total annual cost of $74.2 billion, $70.0 billion of which went to SNAP benefits.1

SNAP is available to all individuals who meet the federal eligibility guidelines set by Congress and 

serves a broad demographic spectrum of the needy population. It provides benefits electronically via 

an Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) card; the benefits may be redeemed for eligible food items. As 

of September 30, 2014, 256,670 stores across the nation were authorized to accept SNAP benefits. 

Federal, State, and local governments share the costs and administration of SNAP. Congress 

authorizes the program and appropriates necessary funds. USDA establishes SNAP regulations under 

the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended. FNS administers SNAP nationally, whereas State 

and local welfare agencies operate the program locally. The federal government fully funds SNAP 

benefits. The cooperating agencies share administrative costs, with FNS paying about 50 percent of 

such costs.

Using SNAP household data collected for quality control purposes, FNS publishes reports 

describing the characteristics of the SNAP population and uses the data for additional analyses. This 

report, the latest in an annual series that dates back to 1976, presents a picture of households and 

individuals participating in SNAP in fiscal year 2014. The report draws on data for participating 

households eligible for SNAP under normal program rules and thus does not include information 

about those who received disaster assistance nor those who were issued benefits mistakenly.

2

In Chapter 2, we provide an overview of SNAP, including the regulations used to determine 

eligibility and benefits and the factors that affect program participation and costs, such as national 

economic trends. In Chapter 3, we describe the characteristics of households and individuals 

participating in SNAP in fiscal year 2014. We present detailed national tables of SNAP household 

characteristics in Appendix A and detailed State-by-State tables of SNAP household characteristics in 

Appendix B. Appendix C contains the fiscal year 2014 SNAP eligibility standards and maximum 

benefit amounts. In Appendix D, we provide a detailed explanation and evaluation of the source and 

reliability of the estimates in this report and in Appendix E we discuss the sampling error of the 

estimates. The data collection instrument used to collect the SNAP Quality Control (SNAP QC) data, 

which form the basis of this report, appears in Appendix F.

1 The total cost of SNAP in fiscal year 2014 included $4.2 billion in other costs, including the federal share of State 

administrative costs, nutrition education, Employment and Training programs, benefit and retailer redemption and 

monitoring, payment accuracy monitoring, Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) systems, program evaluation and 

modernization efforts, as well as program access, health, and nutrition pilot projects.

2 FNS coordinates with State, local, and volunteer organizations to provide food to those affected by storms, 

earthquakes, floods, or other disaster emergencies. About 2,000 people received disaster assistance at some time in fiscal 

year 2014. This number is calculated internally by Mathematica based on information provided by FNS, individual State 

reports, and direct contact with States. See Appendix D for more information on adjustments made to the data used for 

this report. 

1
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CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION 

ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

The characteristics of SNAP households and the level of SNAP participation change over time 

in response to economic and demographic trends and legislative changes to SNAP. In this chapter, 

we explain SNAP eligibility requirements, application procedures, benefit computation, and benefit 

issuance. We conclude with a summary of program participation and costs, as well as a discussion on 

how the costs were related to the economy in fiscal year 2014. 

Program Eligibility Requirements

The Agricultural Act of 2014 (the 2014 Farm Bill) reauthorized SNAP in February 2014. This 

legislation largely maintained the basic eligibility guidelines as defined under the 2008 Farm Bill. The

Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, made some changes to the uniform national eligibility 

standards for SNAP, which were originally developed in the Food Stamp Act of 1977. These eligibility 

standards included defining a SNAP “household” and categories of households eligible for benefits. 

They also established gross and net income limits, a resource limit, and various nonfinancial criteria 

for eligibility. The legislation provided for exceptions to the eligibility criteria in certain high-cost areas, 

such as Alaska and Hawaii, and for certain individuals, such as those who are categorically eligible, 

elderly, or with disabilities.3

 

Furthermore, States have options to simplify certain eligibility rules. For example, States can waive 

recertification interviews for elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities who have no earned 

income, set requirements for reporting financial circumstances within various time frames, and 

determine penalties for failing to comply with work requirement programs. These options allow States 

greater flexibility to adapt to the needs of their own eligible populations. 

In addition to maintaining basic eligibility requirements, the 2014 Farm Bill tightened the 

standards by which households can qualify for the shelter expense deduction based upon receipt of 

energy assistance, added SNAP funding for enhanced employment and training activities, and 

increased antifraud activities. 

The Household

Under SNAP rules, a household is defined as individuals who live together and customarily 

purchase and prepare food together. Generally, individuals who live together in a residential unit but 

do not purchase and prepare food together may apply as separate household units; their incomes and 

countable resources are considered separately in eligibility and benefit determinations. However, 

spouses living together must apply together and parents must apply together with their children under 

age 22 who reside with them, even if the children have spouses or children of their own. Individuals 

3 A person is considered to be elderly for SNAP eligibility purposes if he or she is age 60 or older. Generally, a person 

is considered to be disabled for SNAP eligibility purposes if he or she receives federal or State disability or blindness 

payments or other disability retirement benefits from a government agency under the Social Security Act, including 

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security disability or blindness payments; receives an annuity under the 

Railroad Retirement Act and is (1) eligible for Medicare or (2) considered to be disabled based on SSI rules; is a veteran 

who is totally disabled, permanently housebound, or in need of regular aid and attendance; or is permanently disabled and 

receiving veterans’ benefits as a surviving spouse or child of a veteran.

3
who are elderly and cannot purchase and prepare food because of a substantial disability may apply as 

separate households from those with whom they reside as long as the gross monthly income of the 

remainder of their residential unit is less than 165 percent of the federal poverty guideline.4 The 

incomes and countable resources of household members applying together for SNAP are aggregated 

to determine the household’s eligibility and benefits.

Categorical Eligibility

Certain households are categorically eligible for SNAP and, therefore, not subject to the federal 

income and resource limits. Benefits for these categorically eligible households are determined under 

the same rules that apply to other eligible SNAP households and the level of benefits received is based 

on household income. All States confer categorical eligibility to SNAP households in which all 

members of the household receive or are authorized to receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), or General Assistance (GA) benefits. These 

households are known as pure public assistance households. 

Over the past 15 years, categorical eligibility has expanded, eliminating certain verification 

requirements and simplifying the application and eligibility determination process for a much larger 

group of households. On November 21, 2000, a broader interpretation of existing categorical eligibility 

rules was implemented, requiring States to confer categorical eligibility on families receiving or 

certified as eligible to receive benefits or services—such as employment, child care, or transportation 

assistance—that are at least 50 percent funded by TANF or Maintenance of Effort funds. In addition, 

States have the option of conferring categorical eligibility on families receiving or certified to receive 

benefits or services that are less than 50 percent funded by TANF/Maintenance of Effort funds. They 

may also confer categorical eligibility on households in which at least one member receives the benefit 

or service and the State determines the entire household benefits. If the purpose of the program 

conferring categorical eligibility is to prevent out-of-wedlock pregnancies or foster or strengthen 

marriage, the household’s gross income must be under 200 percent of poverty. However, if the 

purpose of the program is to assist needy families and reduce their dependency, no additional SNAP 

means test is required beyond that already used for the TANF/Maintenance of Effort program. 

Many States have broad programs that provide a TANF/Maintenance of Effort–funded noncash 

benefit to confer categorical eligibility for SNAP on a large number of households. These policies are 

known as broad-based categorical eligibility policies. States have flexibility in setting the criteria for 

receiving the TANF/Maintenance of Effort–funded noncash benefit. States often apply only a gross 

income eligibility limit—between 130 and 200 percent of federal poverty guidelines—and have 

eliminated the net income test, although participants must still qualify for a benefit. Most categorically 

eligible households are not subject to the SNAP resource test. In fiscal year 2014, five States (Idaho, 

Michigan, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Texas) had resource limits between $5,000 and $25,000 when 

determining eligibility. 

The number of States and territories (including the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin 

Islands) implementing broad-based categorical eligibility policies remained at 43 in fiscal years 2012 

and 2013, and for the majority of fiscal year 2014. In August 2014, Louisiana abolished its broadbased categorical eligibility policy. Of the 42 States with a broad-based categorical eligibility policy in 

4 The Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) establishes the federal poverty 

guidelines annually for many assistance programs. See Appendix C for a list of the 2013 poverty guidelines. 

4
effect throughout fiscal year 2014, New Hampshire is the only State whose policy applies exclusively 

to households with children. 

In some States, households that participate in more narrowly targeted, noncash TANF-funded 

programs, such as work support, child care, diversion assistance, transportation, and other short-term 

assistance, may also be categorically eligible for SNAP.

Income Eligibility Standards

Monthly income is the most important determinant of a household’s SNAP eligibility. Most 

households not categorically eligible must meet two income eligibility standards: (1) a gross income 

standard and (2) a net income standard.5 As defined in the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as 

amended, gross income includes most cash income (with the exception of specific types of income, 

such as loans) and excludes most noncash income or in-kind benefits (such as energy assistance 

payments and educational loans in which payment is deferred). To be eligible for SNAP, a household 

not categorically eligible and not including an elderly member or individual with a disability must have 

a monthly gross income that is at or below 130 percent of the federal poverty guideline ($2,552 per 

month for a family of four in the contiguous United States in fiscal year 2014). Households with elderly 

members or individuals with disabilities are not subject to the gross income standard. All households 

that are not categorically eligible must have a monthly net income at or below 100 percent of the 

poverty guideline ($1,963 for a family of four in the contiguous United States in fiscal year 2014). The 

gross and net income eligibility standards vary by household size and for residents of Alaska and 

Hawaii (Appendix C). 

In addition to being used to determine income eligibility for some households, net income is used 

to determine monthly SNAP benefit amounts for all households. Net income is calculated by 

subtracting deductions permitted under SNAP from monthly gross income. SNAP deducts the 

following from a household’s gross monthly income to arrive at net monthly income:6

• Standard deduction. Households receive a standard deduction based on location and

household size. In fiscal year 2014, a household with one to three members living in the

contiguous United States received a $152 deduction; larger households received a larger

standard deduction based on household size. The standard deductions for outlying States

and territories vary with price differences between such areas and the contiguous United

States (Appendix C). The standard deductions are indexed annually to inflation.

• Earned income deduction. Households with earnings receive a deduction equal to 20

percent of the combined earnings of household members.

• Dependent care deduction. Households with dependents receive a deduction for outof-pocket costs for the care of children and other dependents while other household

members work, seek employment, or attend school.

5 Individuals participating in the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP) or an SSI Combined Application 

Project (SSI-CAP) are subject to different eligibility and benefit determination rules, as described later in this chapter. 

6 The amount of deductions to which a household is entitled―the household’s deduction entitlement―is not always 

equal to the amount used to compute SNAP benefits. Because net income may not be less than zero, households with 

total deductions greater than their gross income may claim only a portion of their deduction entitlement.

5
• Medical deduction. Households receive a medical expense deduction if they have either

an elderly member or an individual with a disability who has medical expenses. In most

States, such households may deduct combined out-of-pocket medical costs that exceed

$35 per month and are incurred on behalf of elderly household members or household

members with disabilities. In fiscal year 2014, 15 States had medical deduction

demonstration programs that used standard deduction amounts for households with

medical expenses exceeding $35 but below a specified limit.7 Medical expenses

reimbursed by insurance or government programs are not deductible in any State.

• Child support payment deduction. Households may deduct legally obligated child

support payments made to or for a non-household member. States may choose to exclude

child support payments from gross income rather than treat them as a deduction.

• Excess shelter expense deduction. Households are entitled to a deduction equal to

shelter costs (such as rent, mortgage payments, utility bills, property taxes, and insurance)

that exceed 50 percent of the household’s countable income after all other potential

deductions are subtracted from gross income. Instead of using actual utility costs, many

States use Standard Utility Allowances (SUAs) to calculate a household’s total shelter

expense. The maximum excess shelter expense deduction in the contiguous United States

for households without elderly members or individuals with disabilities was $478 in fiscal

year 2014. The amount is annually indexed to inflation. The limits on the excess shelter

expense deduction for outlying States and territories vary with price differences between

such areas and the contiguous United States (Appendix C). Households with elderly

members or individuals with disabilities are allowed to subtract the full value of shelter

costs that exceed 50 percent of their adjusted income. Some States also allow homeless

households a deduction of $143 for shelter costs.

Resources

Another determinant of SNAP eligibility is a household’s resources. As stipulated in the Food 

and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, the resource limits are indexed to inflation, rounded down to 

the nearest $250 increment. In fiscal year 2014, households not categorically eligible were permitted 

up to $2,000 in countable resources or up to $3,250 if at least one household member was elderly or 

had a disability. Countable resources include cash, resources easily converted to cash (such as money 

in checking or savings accounts, savings certificates, stocks and bonds, and lump-sum payments), and 

some nonliquid resources. However, some types of resources are not counted, such as retirement and 

educational savings accounts, family homes, tools of a trade, or business property used to earn income. 

Vehicles with equity below $1,500 are excluded from the resource test. Vehicles used as homes, 

to produce earned income, to transport household members with physical disabilities, or to transport 

fuel or water are also excluded. Otherwise, for one vehicle per adult and any vehicle used by a teenager 

in the household to drive to work or school, any fair market value in excess of $4,650 is counted 

toward the resource limit. Of the household’s remaining vehicles, the higher of (1) any fair market 

value in excess of $4,650 or (2) any equity is counted.

8

7 For detailed information on these demonstrations, see Technical Documentation for the Fiscal Year 2014 SNAP QC 

Database and QC Minimodel (Vigil, Farson Gray, Kochhar, and Schechter, 2015). https://host76.mathematicampr.com/fns/. 

8 The equity of a vehicle is defined as its fair market value minus remaining liens.

6
States are allowed to align their SNAP vehicle policy with TANF vehicle rules so long as the 

State’s TANF rules are less restrictive than federal rules. In fiscal year 2014, all but five States or 

territories (Delaware, Minnesota, North Dakota, Virgin Islands, and Washington) had aligned their 

vehicle rules for non-categorically eligible households with those of other programs in their State or 

territory; 29 States had adopted rules that exclude all vehicles from the resource test. These changes 

were intended to make it easier for low-income workers to keep a vehicle and still receive SNAP 

benefits. 

Nonfinancial Eligibility Standards

The program’s nonfinancial eligibility standards restrict the participation of strikers, individuals 

who are institutionalized, fleeing felons, drug felons, unauthorized immigrants, nonimmigrant visitors 

to the United States, certain students, and some lawful permanent resident noncitizens. 

The following groups of lawful permanent resident noncitizens are eligible for SNAP benefits: 

• Those who have lived legally in the United States for five years or more from the date of

entry

• Children under age 18

• Blind or disabled individuals receiving government benefits for their condition

• Noncitizens who are members of the U.S. Armed Forces, veterans, or dependents of a

service member or veteran

• Lawful permanent residents with 40 qualifying quarters of work history

• Individuals who were age 65 or older and lawfully resided in the United States on August

22, 1996

• Individuals who were age 65 or older and lawfully resided in the United States on August

22, 1996

• Individuals admitted as refugees or granted asylum or a stay of deportation

Many SNAP participants age 16 to 59 are subject to the program’s general work requirements, 

which include registering for work, accepting suitable employment if offered, not voluntarily quitting 

a job or reducing work hours, and participating in an employment and training program if referred to 

one by the State agency. Working age participants are subject to these requirements unless they are in 

one of the following exempt groups: 

• Individuals determined to be mentally or physically unfit for employment

• Individuals employed 30 or more hours per week

• Individuals responsible for the care of a dependent child under age 6 or an incapacitated

person

• Students enrolled at least half-time in a school, training program, or institution of higher

education

• Individuals complying with work requirements of TANF assistance programs

• Individuals receiving unemployment compensation

• Individuals participating in a drug addiction or alcohol treatment program

7
In addition, SNAP participants who are subject to the general SNAP work requirements and are 

(1) age 18 to 49, (2) residing in a SNAP household without children and (3) not pregnant are generally 

subject to time limited participation unless they fulfill additional work requirements. Specifically, these 

individuals are restricted to three months of SNAP benefits in any 36-month period unless they work 

or participate in a work program at least 20 hours per week, or participate in a workfare program.

Participants are exempt from the time limit if they live in a waiver area or have been granted a 

discretionary exemption by the State. States may apply for geographic areas, including the entire State 

if applicable, to be waiver areas if (1) the area has an unemployment rate that exceeds 10 percent, or 

(2) the State can demonstrate using other economic criteria that the proposed waiver area has an 

insufficient number of jobs to provide employment. States are allowed to provide discretionary 

exemptions for up to 15 percent of their SNAP caseload subject to the time limit. 

Application Procedures

When a household applies for SNAP benefits, State agencies are required to conduct an interview 

at initial certification and at least once every 12 months thereafter. Although all SNAP applicants have 

the option to appear in person for the interview, most States have waivers that allow interviews to be 

conducted by telephone or online rather than face-to-face. As of September 2014, 46 States had been 

granted statewide waivers for the requirement that households receive a face-to-face interview. 

Thirteen of these States provide the option of a telephone interview at initial certification only, one 

State offers this option only at recertification, and 32 States provide the option of a telephone 

interview at both initial certification and recertification. Households for which it would be a hardship 

to attend an in-person interview, such as those consisting of an elderly individual or an individual with 

a disability, may be interviewed by telephone or at home regardless of whether the State has a waiver 

of the face-to-face requirement. Also, as of September 2014, 41 States offered statewide online 

applications. All States must allow individuals to apply for SNAP benefits when they apply for TANF 

or SSI benefits. 

The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, requires local offices to process applications 

for SNAP benefits within 30 days of receipt. However, applications from households with extremely 

low income or a low level of resources must be processed more quickly under the expedited SNAP 

eligibility verification procedures, allowing people to receive SNAP benefits within seven days of 

application. Those eligible for expedited service include (1) migrant or seasonal farm workers with 

countable resources equal to or less than $100, (2) households with gross income equal to or less than 

$150 and countable resources equal to or less than $100, and (3) households whose combined monthly 

gross income and liquid resources are less than the household’s monthly rent or mortgage plus utilities.

SNAP participants are required to appear periodically at their local SNAP office or participate in 

a telephone interview for recertification. The certification period varies with the likelihood of a change 

in a SNAP household’s financial circumstances. The certification period may be as long as 24 months 

for households where all members are elderly or disabled, up to 36 months for households 

participating in an Elderly Simplified Application Project, and up to 48 months for households 

participating in SSI-Combined Application Project (SSI-CAP) demonstrations. In fiscal year 2014, 

SNAP households were certified for benefits for an average of 13 months. 

8
Benefit Computation

After a household is certified for SNAP, its monthly SNAP benefit is computed on the basis of 

its net monthly income, the benefit reduction rate, and the maximum SNAP benefit for the household 

size and location. The maximum benefit to which a household is entitled has been historically based 

on 100 percent of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan for a family of four in June of the previous fiscal

year, adjusted for household size and for geographic areas outside of the contiguous United States. 

The Thrifty Food Plan is a healthful and minimal-cost diet, with the cost adjusted for household size 

and composition.9 Maximum benefits are usually revised annually to reflect changes in the cost of 

foods in the plan. 

As specified in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), maximum 

benefits were set to 113.6 percent of the June 2008 Thrifty Food Plan beginning in April 2009. When 

the ARRA provision expired on October 31, 2013, maximum benefits returned to 100 percent of the 

Thrifty Food Plan in the preceding June. Given the expiration of this legislation, there were two sets 

of maximum benefit levels for fiscal year 2014. The maximum monthly benefit for a family of four in 

the contiguous United States was $668 in October 2013 and $632 from November 2013 through 

September 2014 (Appendix C). 

Participant households are expected to spend about 30 percent of their net cash income on food, 

with SNAP benefits providing the difference between that amount and the maximum benefit. Given 

that assumption, SNAP benefits are calculated by subtracting 30 percent of a household’s net income 

from the maximum benefit amount to which it is entitled. This 30 percent rate, at which benefits are 

reduced for every additional dollar of net income, is called the benefit reduction rate.

If a household has zero net income (that is, its deductible expenses equal or exceed its gross 

income), it receives the maximum SNAP benefit. For new participants, benefits are prorated for the 

first month.10 All eligible one- and two-person households are guaranteed a minimum benefit, except 

during the initial month of participation. The minimum benefit for one- and two-person households 

is 8 percent of the maximum benefit for a one-person household. In fiscal year 2014, the minimum 

benefit for one- and two-person households in the contiguous United States was $16 in October 2013 

and $15 from November 2013 through September 2014.

11

SSI Combined Application Project (SSI-CAP) Households

Certain households with SSI benefits participate in SNAP through SSI Combined Application 

Project (SSI-CAP) demonstrations. SSI-CAP is a joint project of FNS, the Social Security 

Administration (SSA), and States that streamlines the SNAP application process for certain 

households eligible for SSI (also making them categorically eligible for SNAP). SSI-CAP eligibility 

rules and the computation of SNAP benefits for SSI-CAP households are different from other 

households. Throughout fiscal year 2014, 18 States were operating SSI-CAP demonstrations: Arizona, 

9 See Thrifty Food Plan reports at http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPlansCostofFood/reports for more 

information. 

10 SNAP households will not receive benefits in the first month if the amount of prorated benefits would be less 

than $10.

11 Table C.6 presents minimum benefit values for the other States and territories for fiscal year 2014. 

9
Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, New 

Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and 

Washington.12 In most cases, SSI-CAP participation was limited to one-person households consisting 

of an elderly individual or an individual with a disability who receives SSI and has no earned income.13

In all SSI-CAP States except for Florida, Massachusetts, and Washington, SSI-CAP households 

receive a standard SNAP benefit based on whether the State categorizes them as having “high” or 

“low” shelter expenses, as determined by the State. SSI-CAP households in Florida, Massachusetts, 

and Washington receive a SNAP benefit based on gross income, the standard deduction, a standard 

utility allowance, and a standardized “high” or “low” shelter expense deduction. SSI-CAP households 

do not receive any other income deductions. 

Minnesota Family Investment Program Households (MFIP)

Under the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP), Minnesota conducts a different 

benefit computation method for some households that receive TANF and SNAP. The SNAP benefit 

for MFIP participants is calculated at the same time as the cash assistance benefit by subtracting total 

income from an income threshold that is based on family size and is higher for families with earnings. 

If the difference between total income and the threshold is greater than the maximum benefit set by 

Minnesota, the family receives the full food portion of its benefit and, possibly, an additional cash 

benefit. As a family’s income rises, the cash portion of the benefit is reduced before the food portion 

is reduced. Families with income closer to the income threshold may not receive a cash benefit and 

may receive a smaller food benefit as well. MFIP participants are credited with an earnings deduction 

but are not subject to other income deductions. The earnings deduction rate for MFIP participants 

was 40 percent in October 2013 and 43 percent from November 2013 through September 2014.

SNAP Benefit Issuance 

As in previous years, all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands issued 

benefits through EBT cards. Households receive an EBT card, similar to a debit card, that is used to 

purchase food at authorized retail stores. A household’s monthly benefit is automatically added to the 

household account balance each month, and purchases are debited from their account at the time of 

the transaction. 

Program Changes Since the Previous Fiscal Year 

During fiscal year 2014, California and the Virgin Islands expanded their broad-based categorical 

eligibility policies by increasing the gross income limits for households without elderly members or 

individuals with disabilities. California increased the gross income limit to 200 percent of the federal 

poverty guideline beginning in July 2014. In October 2013, the Virgin Islands increased their gross 

income limit to 175 percent of the federal poverty guideline. Louisiana was the only State in fiscal year 

2014 to eliminate its broad-based categorical eligibility policy, which it did as of September 2014. 

12 New Mexico ended its SSI-CAP demonstration in March 2014. 

13 In Florida, Massachusetts, and Washington, a household must have no earned income to enter the program but, 

once enrolled, may have earned income for up to three months and remain eligible. In Kentucky, New York, North 

Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas, a household with earned income may still be eligible for SSI-CAP benefits. In 

Kentucky, New Mexico, and South Dakota, married couples may also be eligible for SSI-CAP benefits but each spouse 

must be approved to receive SSI in order to meet the eligibility requirements and be treated as a member of the same 

household; in Texas, married couples may participate but are treated as separate households.

10
In addition, Idaho implemented a medical deduction demonstration program in fiscal year 2014 

that uses a standard deduction amount for households with medical expenses below a specified limit. 

The demonstration program simplifies the application process for qualifying households and may 

slightly increase eligibility and benefit amounts. 

As described earlier, the ARRA increase to maximum SNAP benefits expired in October 2013. 

In November 2013, maximum SNAP benefits returned to being based on 100 percent of the cost of 

the Thrifty Food Plan (Appendix C). In addition, the 2014 Farm Bill reauthorized SNAP on February 

7, 2014, maintaining the basic eligibility guidelines established under the 2008 Farm Bill. The 2014 

Farm Bill also requires that households qualifying for an SUA on the basis of Low Income Heating 

Assistance Program (LIHEAP) benefits receive a LIHEAP payment greater than $20.

SNAP Participation and Costs

The number of SNAP participants has fluctuated over the past few decades, as illustrated in 

Figure 2.1. After a decline in SNAP participation from 1994 to 2000, SNAP participation rose steadily 

each year from 2001 until 2013. The increase in monthly SNAP participation during the economic 

recession and initial recovery was much greater than in the earlier years, rising from 26.3 million 

individuals in 2007 to 47.6 million individuals in 2013. There was a slight decline in SNAP participation 

from 47.6 million individuals in fiscal year 2013 to 46.5 million individuals in fiscal year 2014. Table 

2.1 shows how changes in SNAP participation over the last 16 years compare to changes in major 

economic indicators. 

Total SNAP costs declined from $79.9 billion in fiscal year 2013 to $74.2 billion in fiscal year 

2014, largely as a result of the decline in SNAP participation. 

Figure 2.1. SNAP participants, unemployed individuals, individuals in poverty, and individuals at or below 130 percent of 

poverty, calendar years 1985 to 2014

a

Annual values. Source: Special tabulations of the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS 

ASEC) by Decision Demographics, Arlington, VA. 

bAverage monthly values. Source: Food and Nutrition Service Fiscal Year Program Operations data.

c

Average monthly values. Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

'85 '87 '89 '91 '93 '95 '97 '99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 '11 '13

Millions

Year

Individuals at or below 130 percent of povertya

SNAP participantsb

Unemployed individualsc

Individuals in povertya

11
Table 2.1. Major economic indicators, calendar years 1999 to 2014

Calendar year

Economic indicator 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Inflation ratea 1.4 2.3 2.3 1.5 2.0 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.7 1.9 0.8 1.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5

Interest rateb 7.1 7.6 7.1 6.5 5.7 5.6 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.6 3.7 4.2 4.2

Productivity increasec 3.5 3.4 2.8 4.3 3.8 3.2 2.1 1.0 1.5 0.8 3.3 3.3 0.1 0.9 1.2 0.5

Real GDP increased,e 4.7 4.1 1.0 1.8 2.8 3.8 3.3 2.7 1.8 -0.3 -2.8 2.5 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.4

SNAP participantsf

(000s) 18,183 17,194 17,318 19,096 21,250 23,811 25,628 26,549 26,316 28,223 33,490 40,302 44,709 46,609 47,636 46,537

Unemployed 

individualsf (000s) 5,879 5,685 6,830 8,375 8,770 8,140 7,579 6,991 7,073 8,948 14,295 14,808 13,737 12,498 11,455 9,596

Unemployment rateg 4.2 4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0 5.5 5.1 4.6 4.6 5.8 9.3 9.6 8.9 8.1 7.4 6.2

Individuals below 

poverty level

Number in 

thousands 34,005 32,491 33,905 35,566 36,927 37,937 37,415 37,206 38,205 40,614 43,970 46,677 46,464 47,085 46,106 47,348

Percentage of total 

population 12.3 11.6 12.0 12.4 12.8 13.0 12.7 12.5 12.8 13.5 14.5 15.2 15.0 15.1 14.7 15.0

Individuals at or below 

130 percent of poverty 

level

Number in 

thousands 48,905 46,974 49,061 50,844 52,823 53,413 53,553 52,878 54,264 57,329 60,574 63,984 64,549 65,828 64,310 64,915

Percentage of total 

population 17.7 16.8 17.4 17.8 18.3 18.3 18.2 17.8 18.1 19.0 19.9 20.9 20.9 21.2 20.5 20.5

Sources: Inflation rate: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts. Interest rate: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 

System. Productivity increase: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Major Sector Productivity and Costs Index.” Real gross domestic product (GDP) increase: 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts. SNAP participants: Food and Nutrition Service Program Operations 

data. Unemployed individuals and unemployment rate: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Individuals below poverty level and individuals at or below 130 

percent of poverty level: Special tabulations of the CPS ASEC by Decision Demographics, Arlington, VA. 

Note: The calendar year 2013 estimates for individuals below poverty and individuals at or below 130 percent of poverty were updated in this report. The current estimates are 

based on the full 2014 CPS ASEC, which was not available when the previous report was published. a

Percentage change from preceding year in the implicit price deflator for GDP. 

b

Corporate AAA bond yield. 

c

Percentage change from preceding year in output per hour, nonfarm business sector. dPercentage change from preceding year. e

The Bureau of Economic Analysis periodically revises GDP estimates. Thus, historical numbers in this table may differ from previous reports. f

Average monthly value.

gUnemployment rate for all civilian workers.

12
CHAPTER 3: CHARACTERISTICS OF SNAP

HOUSEHOLDS AND PARTICIPANTS

SNAP serves the nutritional needs of a broad spectrum of low-income Americans.14 In an average 

month in fiscal year 2014, SNAP provided benefits to 45.9 million people living in 22.4 million 

households.15 The vast majority of SNAP households (84 percent) lived in poverty, according to the 

federal poverty guidelines for program eligibility in fiscal year 2014. Most SNAP households (76 

percent) included a child (under age 18), an elderly individual (age 60 or older), or a non-elderly 

individual with a disability. The average SNAP household received a monthly benefit of $253, had 

gross monthly income of $759, and net monthly income of $335.

16 The average household size was 

2.0 people. 

In this chapter, we discuss the composition and economic status of SNAP households, 

characteristics of SNAP participants, and changes in the characteristics of SNAP households from 

fiscal year 2013 to fiscal year 2014. Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1 show the poverty status of participants 

and the effect of SNAP benefits on poverty among participating households; Tables 3.2 through 3.4 

present sources of income and average monthly income, benefit, and unit size by household 

composition; Table 3.5 depicts the demographic characteristics of participants; and Table 3.6 

compares the change (in constant 2014 dollars) since 2013 in average income, deductions, and benefits 

for participating households. 

The Poverty Status of SNAP Households

SNAP provides benefits to households in need.17 In fiscal year 2014, the gross monthly income 

of 84 percent of SNAP households was less than or equal to 100 percent of the federal poverty 

guideline (Table 3.1).18 The gross monthly income of 61 percent of all SNAP households was less than 

or equal to 75 percent of the poverty guideline, and the income of 43 percent of all SNAP households 

was less than or equal to 50 percent of the guideline (Table 3.1). The average household had income 

that was slightly less than 58 percent of the poverty guideline (Table A.2).

14 The information in this chapter and the estimates in Appendices A and B are based on a sample of 48,250 

households that participated in SNAP in fiscal year 2014 (see Appendix Table D.2). The sample was drawn from SNAP 

households in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Households in Puerto Rico and 

the Northern Mariana Islands were not included in the sample because both territories receive block grants in lieu of 

SNAP.

15 The estimates of 45.9 million participants and 22.4 million households differ slightly from the number of SNAP

participants and households in FNS administrative records (46.5 million people and 22.7 million households) because the 

sample estimate is adjusted to exclude receipt of benefits by ineligible households and those receiving disaster assistance. 

These adjustments also affect household average monthly benefits, which are $253 in the SNAP QC data compared with 

$257 in FNS administrative records (Appendix D provides details).

16 Because net income is not used in benefit determination for households participating in MFIP and for those 

participating in SSI-CAP with a standardized benefit, the average monthly net income estimate excludes these households. 

17 For more detailed information on the economic status of SNAP households, see Appendix Tables A.3 through 

A.8.

18 See Appendix Table C.1 for the poverty guidelines.

13
SNAP effectively targets benefits to the neediest households; poorer households receive greater 

SNAP benefits than those with more income. The 43 percent of all SNAP households with gross 

monthly income less than or equal to 50 percent of the poverty guideline in fiscal year 2014 received 

58 percent of all benefits. In contrast, the 16 percent of households with a gross monthly income 

above the poverty guideline received only 7 percent of all benefits (Table 3.1). 

The impact of SNAP benefits on a household’s purchasing power is estimated by adding the 

dollar value of the benefits to a household’s income and then examining the distribution of households 

by poverty status.

19 As shown in Figure 3.1, the combination of cash and SNAP benefits yields a 

substantially different distribution of SNAP households by poverty status. Specifically, when SNAP 

benefits are included in gross income, the resulting increase in the income of SNAP households was 

sufficient to move 10 percent of participating households above the poverty guideline. SNAP benefits 

affected a greater number of the poorest SNAP households, moving 13 percent of participating 

households above 50 percent of the poverty guideline. 

Households with Greater Needs

SNAP effectively serves many households that include vulnerable individuals—children, elderly

adults, and individuals with disabilities.

20 In fiscal year 2014, 76 percent of all SNAP households—

which contained 87 percent of all participants—included a child, an elderly individual, or a non-elderly 

individual with a disability. These households received 82 percent of all SNAP benefits (Table A.14).

Households with Children

In an average month in fiscal year 2014, SNAP served approximately 9.8 million households with 

children, representing 44 percent of all SNAP households. Seventy-three percent of all SNAP 

households with earnings contained children, while 52 percent of all households with children had 

earned income (Tables 3.2 and 3.3). Thirteen percent of all households with children received TANF 

cash benefits and 3 percent received a combination of TANF and earnings (Table A.6). Compared 

with other SNAP households, those with children received a relatively high average SNAP benefit of 

$390 per month (Table 3.4), in large part because the household size among SNAP households with 

children (3.2 people) was larger than the average household size among all SNAP households (2.0 

people). 

In fiscal year 2014, single adults headed more than half (57 percent) of all SNAP households with 

children, accounting for 25 percent of all SNAP households (Table 3.2). Eight percent of all SNAP 

households included a married head of household and children, accounting for 18 percent of all SNAP 

households with children. 

19 This comparison assumes that program participants value their SNAP benefits at face value.

20 See Appendix Tables A.3, A.6, A.8, A.11, A.12, A.14–A.19, and A.21–A.23 for more details on these households.

14
Table 3.1. Distribution of households and their benefits by countable income as a percentage of poverty guideline, fiscal 

year 2014

Gross income as a percentage of poverty 

guidelinea

All households All benefits

Percentage Cumulative 

percentage Percentage Cumulative 

percentage

25% or less................................................. 30.6 30.6 37.7 37.7

26 to 50%................................................... 12.5 43.1 20.1 57.9

51 to 75%................................................... 17.7 60.8 19.2 77.1

76 to 100%................................................. 22.8 83.6 15.8 92.9

101 to 130%............................................... 11.6 95.2 5.9 98.8

131% or more............................................. 4.8 100.0 1.2 100.0

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

Note: Estimates may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.

a

Defined as the fiscal year 2014 SNAP net income screen (Appendix Table C.3). 

Figure 3.1. Effect of SNAP benefits on the poverty status of SNAP households, fiscal year 2014 

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a

Defined as the fiscal year 2014 SNAP net income screen (Appendix Table C.3). 

43.1

40.5

16.4

30.0

43.7

26.3

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

50% or less 51 to 100% 101% or more

Percent of 

householdsa

Percent of poverty guidelinea

Cash gross income only

Cash gross income and

SNAP benefits

15
The characteristics of married-head households with children varied considerably from those of 

single-adult households with children. Of the 5.6 million single-adult SNAP households with children, 

2.3 million (42 percent) had earnings, about 877,000 (16 percent) received TANF, 681,000 (12 percent) 

received SSI, and 528,000 (9 percent) received Social Security. Of the 1.8 million married-head 

households with children, 1.2 million (69 percent) had earned income, 185,000 (10 percent) received 

SSI, 177,000 (10 percent) received Social Security, and 124,000 (7 percent) received TANF. Among 

single-adult households with children, 963,000 (17 percent) had zero gross income whereas among 

married-head households, 178,000 (10 percent) had zero gross income (Table 3.3).

The average monthly SNAP benefit for single-adult households with children was lower than that 

of married-head households with children ($375 versus $454) because of the smaller size of singleadult households (Table 3.4). However, the benefit per person was higher for people in single-adult 

households with children than for people in married-head households with children ($129 versus 

$103) because single-adult households were poorer. Single-adult households with children had a 

substantially lower gross monthly income than married-head households with children ($841 versus 

$1,426).

Among all households with children, 1.8 million (18 percent) received child support (Table A.6). 

Households with Elderly Individuals

In each month of fiscal year 2014, SNAP served an average of about 4.3 million households with 

elderly individuals (age 60 and older). These households represented 19 percent of all SNAP 

households, compared to 17 percent of all SNAP households in fiscal year 2013 (Table 3.2). 

Households with elderly individuals had an average household size of 1.3 people (Table 3.4).

In fiscal year 2014, the average SNAP benefit for households with elderly individuals was $129, 

compared to $283 for households without elderly individuals (Table A.2). Elderly SNAP recipients 

tended to receive relatively small benefit amounts for two reasons. First, they typically had higher 

average gross and net incomes than other households. Households with elderly individuals had average 

gross and net incomes of $876 and $407, compared to $732 and $319 for households without elderly 

individuals. Second, elderly SNAP recipients often lived alone and thus were eligible for smaller 

maximum benefit amounts than other households.21 

In fiscal year 2014, 82 percent of all SNAP households with elderly individuals were single-person 

households (Table 3.2). Elderly SNAP recipients who lived alone received an average SNAP benefit 

of $110 per month, compared to $160 for multiperson households composed of only elderly 

individuals and $256 for multiperson households with both elderly and non-elderly individuals (Table 

A.15). The average size of households with elderly individuals not living alone was 2.4 people (Table 

3.4).

A majority of SNAP households with elderly individuals received either SSI or Social Security 

income. In fiscal year 2014, 37 percent of all SNAP households with elderly individuals received SSI, 

69 percent received Social Security income, and 85 percent received income from at least one of those 

two sources (Table A.6). 

21 In this report, we use the term “living alone” to refer to individuals who reside in one-person SNAP households, 

although others may live in the same residential unit.

16
Table 3.2. Household receipt of countable income types by household composition, fiscal year 2014

Households with:

All households Households with countable:

Number

(000)

Column

percent

Earned income Social Security SSI Zero gross income TA

Number

(000)

Column

percent Number (000) Column percent Number (000) Column percent Number (000) Column percent Number (000) 

Totala ..................................... 22,445 100.0 7,016 100.0 5,505 100.0 4,568 100.0 4,919 100.0 1,362 

Children ............................... 9,789 43.6 5,113 72.9 871 15.8 1,125 24.6 1,376 28.0 1,313  Single-adult household ....... 5,591 24.9 2,327 33.2 528 9.6 681 14.9 963 19.6 877  Multiple-adult household .... 2,834 12.6 1,817 25.9 332 6.0 385 8.4 285 5.8 247  Married-head household .. 1,788 8.0 1,236 17.6 177 3.2 185 4.1 178 3.6 124  Other multiple-adult

household ........................ 1,047 4.7 581 8.3 154 2.8 200 4.4 107 2.2 123 

 Children only ...................... 1,363 6.1 969 13.8 11 0.2 60 1.3 128 2.6 188 Elderly individuals .............. 4,255 19.0 291 4.2 2,914 52.9 1,556 34.1 308 6.3 37 

 Living alone ........................ 3,473 15.5 162 2.3 2,379 43.2 1,263 27.6 288 5.8 1  Not living alone .................. 782 3.5 130 1.8 536 9.7 293 6.4 20 0.4 35 Non-elderly individuals

with disabilities .............. 4,579 20.4 518 7.4 2,354 42.8 3,101 67.9 0 0.0 245 

 Living alone ........................ 2,760 12.3 144 2.1 1,561 28.4 1,734 37.9 0 0.0 2  Not living alone .................. 1,819 8.1 373 5.3 793 14.4 1,367 29.9 – – 244 Other householdsb ............... 5,475 24.4 1,448 20.6 60 1.1 0 0.0 3,239 65.8 42  Single-person household ..... 5,028 22.4 1,208 17.2 44 0.8 0 0.0 3,107 63.2 32  Multiperson household ....... 447 2.0 240 3.4 16 0.3 – – 131 2.7 10 Single-person households ... 11,670 52.0 1,779 25.4 3,989 72.5 2,998 65.6 3,447 70.1 99 

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a The sums of the household types do not match the numbers in the Total row because a household may have more than one of the characteristics.

b Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or non-elderly individuals with disabilities.

– No sample households are in this category.

17
Table 3.3. Percentage of households with countable income types by household composition, fiscal year 2014

Households with:

All households Households with countable:

Number

(000)

Percent

Earned income Social Security SSI Zero gross income TA

Number

(000)

Row

percent Number (000) Row percent Number (000) Row percent Number (000) Row percent Number (000) 

Totala ..................................... 22,445 100.0 7,016 31.3 5,505 24.5 4,568 20.4 4,919 21.9 1,362 

Children ............................... 9,789 43.6 5,113 52.2 871 8.9 1,125 11.5 1,376 14.1 1,313  Single-adult household ....... 5,591 24.9 2,327 41.6 528 9.4 681 12.2 963 17.2 877  Multiple-adult household .... 2,834 12.6 1,817 64.1 332 11.7 385 13.6 285 10.1 247  Married-head household .. 1,788 8.0 1,236 69.1 177 9.9 185 10.4 178 10.0 124  Other multiple-adult

household ........................ 1,047 4.7 581 55.5 154 14.7 200 19.1 107 10.3 123 

 Children only ...................... 1,363 6.1 969 71.1 11 0.8 60 4.4 128 9.4 188 Elderly individuals .............. 4,255 19.0 291 6.8 2,914 68.5 1,556 36.6 308 7.2 37 

 Living alone ........................ 3,473 15.5 162 4.7 2,379 68.5 1,263 36.4 288 8.3 1  Not living alone .................. 782 3.5 130 16.6 536 68.5 293 37.5 20 2.6 35 Non-elderly individuals

with disabilities .............. 4,579 20.4 518 11.3 2,354 51.4 3,101 67.7 0 0.0 245 

 Living alone ........................ 2,760 12.3 144 5.2 1,561 56.6 1,734 62.8 0 0.0 2  Not living alone .................. 1,819 8.1 373 20.5 793 43.6 1,367 75.2 – – 244 Other householdsb ............... 5,475 24.4 1,448 26.5 60 1.1 0 0.0 3,239 59.2 42  Single-person household ..... 5,028 22.4 1,208 24.0 44 0.9 0 0.0 3,107 61.8 32  Multiperson household ....... 447 2.0 240 53.6 16 3.6 – – 131 29.4 10 Single-person households ... 11,670 52.0 1,779 15.2 3,989 34.2 2,998 25.7 3,447 29.5 99 

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a The sums of the household types do not match the numbers in the Total row because a household may have more than one of the characteristics.

b Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or non-elderly individuals with disabilities.

– No sample households are in this category.

18
Table 3.4. Average values of selected characteristics by household composition, fiscal year 2014

Households with:

Average values

Gross monthly

countable

income

(dollars)

Net monthly

countable

income

(dollars)a

Monthly

SNAP benefit

(dollars)

Monthly

SNAP benefit

per person

(dollars)b

Household

size

(individuals)

Total ............................................................ 759 335 253 126 2.0

Children ...................................................... 965 449 390 122 3.2

 Single-adult household ............................... 841 373 375 129 2.9

 Male adult ............................................... 765 319 349 134 2.6

 Female adult ............................................ 847 378 377 126 3.0

 Multiple-adult household ........................... 1,336 715 457 106 4.3

 Married-head household ......................... 1,426 768 454 103 4.4

 Other multiple-adult household .............. 1,184 624 463 113 4.1

 Children only ............................................. 706 207 315 143 2.2

Elderly individuals ..................................... 876 407 129 99 1.3

 Living alone ............................................... 791 332 110 110 1.0

 Not living alone .......................................... 1,253 708 212 88 2.4

Non-elderly individuals with disabilities .. 1,006 501 187 98 1.9

 Living alone ............................................... 828 322 108 108 1.0

 Not living alone .......................................... 1,277 746 308 93 3.3

Other householdsc ...................................... 259 83 185 168 1.1

 Single-person household ............................ 221 66 174 174 1.0

 Multiperson household ............................... 687 271 304 138 2.2

Single-person households .......................... 542 199 140 140 1.0

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households in

States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this column.

b This column is calculated by dividing the rounded, average monthly SNAP benefit by the rounded, average SNAP household

size. 

c Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or non-elderly individuals with disabilities.

19
Twenty percent of households with elderly individuals received both SSI and Social Security 

income (Table A.6). SNAP households with elderly individuals represented 34 percent of all SNAP 

households with SSI and 53 percent of all SNAP households with Social Security income (Table 3.2). 

Seven percent of households with elderly individuals had no income (Table A.6). 

Households with Non-Elderly Individuals with Disabilities

In fiscal year 2014, SNAP served a monthly average of 4.6 million households with non-elderly

individuals with disabilities (Table 3.2).22 These households represented 20 percent of all SNAP 

households and received an average monthly SNAP benefit of $187 (Table 3.4).

Sixty percent of SNAP households with non-elderly individuals with disabilities were singleperson households (Table 3.2). Non-elderly individuals with disabilities who did not live alone resided 

in households with an average of 3.3 individuals and a per-person benefit of $93, versus a per-person 

benefit of $108 for those living alone. Sixty-eight percent of households with non-elderly individuals 

with disabilities received SSI, and 51 percent received Social Security income (Table 3.3). SNAP 

households with non-elderly individuals with disabilities represented 68 percent of all SNAP 

households with SSI and 43 percent of all SNAP households with Social Security income (Table 3.2).

Other Households Served by SNAP

While the majority of SNAP households contained children, elderly individuals, or individuals

with disabilities, in fiscal year 2014, 24 percent (5.5 million households) consisted solely of one or 

more non-elderly adults without disabilities with no children (Table 3.2). These households tended to 

be single-person households (92 percent) and had a very low average gross monthly income ($259), 

although about one-fourth (27 percent) had earned income. Fifty-nine percent of these households

had zero gross income (Tables 3.3 and 3.4). Households consisting solely of one or more non-elderly 

adults without disabilities received an average SNAP benefit of $185 per month (Table 3.4). 

Single-Person Households

Of all SNAP households in fiscal year 2014, 11.7 million (52 percent) were single-person 

households (Table 3.2).23 These households received an average monthly SNAP benefit of $140 (Table 

3.4). A slight majority of these individuals (53 percent) were female (Table A.24), 30 percent were 

elderly (Table A.17), and 24 percent were non-elderly individuals with disabilities (Table A.17). 

Compared with all SNAP households, a relatively small proportion of SNAP participants living alone 

had earned income (15 percent versus 31 percent) and a relatively high proportion had zero gross 

income (30 percent versus 22 percent) (Table 3.3). By comparison, 49 percent of all multiperson 

households had earned income and 14 percent had zero gross income (Tables A.19 and A.4, calculated 

by subtracting the number of one-person households from the number of total households). Not 

surprisingly, given the high proportion of elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities making 

up single-person households, 34 percent and 26 percent of single-person households received Social 

Security income and SSI income, respectively (Table 3.3).

22 We identify households with a non-elderly member with a disability as those with (1) non-elderly SSI recipients, 

(2) a medical expense deduction and no elderly individuals, or (3) non-elderly adults who work fewer than 30 hours a week

and receive Social Security, veterans’ benefits, or workers’ compensation. 

23 These individuals apply for SNAP benefits for themselves only. Other people may live in the household. 

20
Characteristics of SNAP Participants

In fiscal year 2014, 44 percent of SNAP participants were children, and they received 44 percent 

of prorated SNAP benefits (Table 3.5). More than two-thirds (69 percent) of children served by SNAP 

were school age (age 5 to 17). Forty-six percent of participants were non-elderly adults and 10 percent 

were elderly adults. 

Sixty-two percent of non-elderly adults and 63 percent of elderly adults were female (Table A.23). 

Eight percent of SNAP participants were foreign-born—4 percent were naturalized citizens, fewer 

than 1 percent were refugees, and 3 percent were other noncitizens (lawful permanent residents and 

other eligible noncitizens). As in fiscal year 2013, 9 percent of all SNAP participants were citizen 

children living with noncitizen adults.24

In fiscal year 2014, the average SNAP household size was 2.0 individuals. There has been a steady 

decline in the average household size over the years analyzed in this report. In fiscal year 1989, the 

average SNAP household was 2.6 individuals (Table A.27).

Changes in the Economic Conditions of SNAP Households

The average household gross income decreased in real dollars from fiscal year 2013 to fiscal year 

2014, from $770 to $759, and the average household net income decreased by $15 to $335 during the 

same period (Table 3.6). 

The percentage of households with zero gross income remained at 22 percent from fiscal year 

2013 to fiscal year 2014. The percentage of households with zero net income continued its upward 

trend, and, in fiscal year 2014, was at its highest level (41 percent) among the years analyzed in this 

report (Table A.26). The percentage of households with earnings remained at 31 percent and that of 

households with TANF income decreased, by slightly less than half a percentage point, to 6 percent

in fiscal year 2014. 

The average household benefit decreased in real dollars, from $276 in fiscal year 2013 to $253 in 

fiscal year 2014, even as net income per household decreased from $350 to $335 (Table 3.6). The 

decrease in the average household benefit is likely due to the expiration of ARRA in October 2013 

and the corresponding decrease in maximum benefit amounts beginning in November 2013.

24 Some of the noncitizen household members were legal residents of the United States and participated in SNAP 

with citizen children; others were ineligible because of their immigration status and did not participate.

21
Table 3.5. SNAP benefits of participants by selected demographic characteristics, fiscal year 2014

Participant characteristic

Total participants Prorated benefitsa

Number

(000)

Percent Dollars

(000)

Percent

Total .............................................. 45,874 100.0 5,689,647 100.0

Age

Children ......................................... 20,271 44.2 2,474,569 43.5

 Preschool-age children ................ 6,369 13.9 819,069 14.4

 0 to 1 ......................................... 2,407 5.2 316,184 5.6

 2 to 4 ......................................... 3,962 8.6 502,884 8.8

 School-age children ..................... 13,902 30.3 1,655,501 29.1

 5 to 7 ......................................... 3,977 8.7 490,896 8.6

 8 to 11 ....................................... 4,620 10.1 552,752 9.7

 12 to 15 ..................................... 3,722 8.1 429,143 7.5

 16 to 17 ..................................... 1,583 3.5 182,710 3.2

 Non-elderly adults (18 to 59) ....... 20,952 45.7 2,733,337 48.0

 Elderly adults (60 or older) ........... 4,651 10.1 481,674 8.5

 Unknown age ................................ 0 0.0 67 0.0

Citizenship

U.S.-born citizen ............................ 42,258 92.1 5,229,372 91.9

Naturalized citizen ......................... 1,715 3.7 213,921 3.8

Refugee .......................................... 356 0.8 43,510 0.8

Other noncitizen ............................ 1,545 3.4 202,844 3.6

Citizen children living with

noncitizensb ............................ 4,133 9.0 545,167 9.6

Non-elderly individuals with

disabilities ............................... 5,467 11.9 537,236 9.4

Children with disabilities ............... 1,006 2.2 90,267 1.6

Non-elderly adults with disabilities 4,461 9.7 446,970 7.9

Adults age 18 to 49 without

disabilities in childless

householdsc ............................. 4,721 10.3 775,692 13.6

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Prorated benefits equal the benefits paid to households multiplied by the ratio of participants with

selected characteristic to total household size.

b Noncitizens may be inside or outside the SNAP household.

c With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and time limits. 

22
Table 3.6. Nominal and real values of selected characteristics, fiscal year 2013 and fiscal year 2014

Fiscal year 2013 

(October 2012- 

September 2013)

Fiscal year 2014

(October 2013-

September 2014)

Percentage 

change in 

nominal values 

Percentage 

change in 

real

Characteristic values

Nominal 

value

Real value 

(in 2014

dollars) Nominal value

Average gross incomea

Per household $758 $770 $759 +0.1 -1.5

Per person 430 437 442 +2.6 +1.0

Average net incomea

Per household 344 350 335 -2.7 -4.2

Per person 177 179 176 -0.1 -1.7

Average total deductiona 522 530 538 +3.1 +1.5

Average household benefitb 271 276 253 -6.5 -8.1

Maximum household benefit for 

a family of fourb,c 668 679 632 -5.4 -7.0

Consumer price index (CPI)

All items 232.3 236.0 +1.6

Food at home 233.5 237.4 +1.7

Sources: CPI-U average values: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Nominal values: Fiscal year 2013 and 

fiscal year 2014 SNAP QC samples.

a

Real values are in constant 2014 dollars. Fiscal year 2013 values were inflated by the change in the CPI-U for all items between 

2013 and 2014 (+1.6 percent).

b

Real values are in constant 2014 dollars. Fiscal year 2013 value was inflated by the change in the CPI-U for food at home between 

2013 and 2014 (+1.0 percent).

c

Maximum benefit for a family of four living in the 48 contiguous States or the District of Columbia from November 2013 to 

September 2014. ARRA legislation increased the maximum SNAP benefit to 113.6 percent of the June 2008 Thrifty Food Plan and 

held it at that level until October 31, 2013. In November 2013, the maximum SNAP benefit returned to being based on 100 percent 

of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan of the preceding June. 

23
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ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
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ACRONYMS

ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

BBCE Broad-based categorical eligibility

CPS ASEC Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement 

EBT Electronic Benefit Transfer

FNS U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service 

GA General Assistance

HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 

MFIP Minnesota Family Investment Program

PA Public assistance

SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program 

SNAP QC Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control 

SSA Social Security Administration

SSI Supplemental Security Income 

SSI-CAP SSI Combined Application Project 

SUA Standard utility allowance

TANF Temporary Assistance for Needy Families 

USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture

27
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DEFINITIONS

Agricultural Act of 2014 (2014 Farm Bill).

This legislation, which reauthorized SNAP, was 

enacted on February 7, 2014. The bill 

maintained the program’s basic eligibility 

guidelines while reducing or eliminating the 

shelter expense deduction for some households 

with no energy costs and nominal energy 

assistance. The bill also provided additional 

SNAP funding for enhanced employment and 

training activities, and expanded antifraud 

efforts.

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 

of 2009 (ARRA). This legislation, which took 

effect on April 1, 2009, temporarily increased 

the maximum benefit to 113.6 percent of the 

June 2008 Thrifty Food Plan. As specified in 

subsequent legislation, this provision expired on 

October 31, 2013, and the maximum benefit 

returned to being based on 100 percent of the 

cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in the preceding 

June. 

Broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE).

Policy under which households receive a 

TANF/Maintenance of Effort–funded noncash 

service that makes them categorically eligible for 

SNAP. The noncash service is usually in the 

form of a brochure or handout that provides 

information on State-provided assistance and 

services. Households meeting State-determined 

eligibility criteria receive this information upon 

application or recertification for SNAP. 

Categorically eligible households. 

Households in which all members receive or are 

authorized to receive TANF, SSI, or GA 

benefits and therefore are deemed financially 

eligible for SNAP. Includes households 

receiving cash or noncash benefits or services 

that are at least 50 percent funded by TANF or 

Maintenance of Effort funds. Some States also 

confer categorical eligibility based on benefits or 

services that are less than 50 percent funded by 

TANF/Maintenance of Effort, and on 

households in which at least one member 

receives a benefit or service and the State

determines that the entire household benefits. If 

the purpose of the program conferring 

categorical eligibility is to prevent out-ofwedlock pregnancies or to foster or strengthen 

marriage, the household’s gross income must be 

under 200 percent of poverty. However, if the 

purpose of the program is to further workforce 

participation, this income limit does not apply.

Certification period. Length of time a 

household is certified to receive SNAP benefits. 

When the certification period expires,

households must be recertified to continue 

receiving benefits.

Child support payment deduction. 

Deduction from gross income in the eligibility 

and benefit calculation for households with 

legally obligated child support payments made 

to or for a nonmember of the household. States 

may choose to exclude child support payments 

from gross income rather than use the 

deduction. See also Deductions. 

Children. Individuals under age 18. 

Countable income. All earned or unearned 

income that is counted toward gross income. 

This includes most cash income (with the 

exception of specific types of income, such as 

loans) and excludes most noncash income or inkind benefits. See also Gross income limit.

Countable resources. Cash on hand and 

resources that may be converted easily to cash, 

such as money in checking or savings accounts, 

savings certificates, stocks or bonds, and lumpsum payments. Such resources also include 

some nonliquid resources, although the family 

home, certain family vehicles, and business tools 

or property are not counted. See also Resource 

limit. 

Deductions. Allowable deductions from a 

household’s gross monthly income used to 

calculate SNAP net monthly income. The 

deductions shown in the appendix tables are 

those to which households were entitled. (MFIP

and SSI-CAP participants are subject to 

different rules.) Total deductions to which a 

household is entitled do not always equal the 

29
difference between gross and net income 

amounts because net income may not be less 

than zero. See also Child support payment deduction, 

Dependent care deduction, Earned income deduction, 

Excess shelter expense deduction, Medical deduction, 

MFIP, SSI-CAP, Standard deduction, and Total 

deduction. 

Deemed income. Individual sponsors of 

certain noncitizens may be subject to sponsorto-noncitizen deeming, which counts the 

sponsor’s income and resources as part of the 

noncitizen’s income and resources when 

determining eligibility for SNAP.

Dependent care deduction. Deduction 

received by SNAP households for expenses 

involved in caring for dependents while other

household members work, seek employment, or 

attend school. See also Appendix C and 

Deductions.

Earned income. Includes wages, salaries, selfemployment, and other reported earned 

income.

Earned income deduction. Deduction 

received by households with earnings, equal to 

20 percent of the combined earnings of 

household members. (MFIP participants were 

entitled to a 40 percent earned income 

deduction in October 2013 and a 43 percent 

earned income deduction from November 2013 

through September 2014.) See also Deductions 

and Minnesota Family Investment Program. 

Elderly individuals. Adults age 60 or older. 

Electronic Benefit Transfer. Means of benefit 

delivery via Electronic Benefit Transfer card, 

similar to a debit card, used to purchase food at 

authorized retail stores. 

Entrant households. Households newly 

certified during fiscal year 2014 and in their first 

month of participation. 

Excess shelter expense deduction. 

Deduction received by households with shelter 

costs, equal to those shelter costs that exceed 50 

percent of the household’s countable income 

after all other potential deductions are 

subtracted from gross income. There is a limit 

on the shelter deduction for households without 

elderly members or individuals with disabilities. 

See also Deductions, Homeless household shelter 

estimate, and Appendix C. 

Expedited service households. Households 

with gross income equal to or less than $150 and 

countable resources equal to or less than $100 

and households with migrant or seasonal farm 

workers with countable resources equal to or 

less than $100 are eligible for expedited SNAP 

eligibility verification procedures. A State 

agency must review each SNAP application and 

conduct an eligibility interview within seven 

days of application submission. Eligible 

households must receive SNAP benefits within 

this time frame.

Food and Nutrition Act of 2008. The Food 

Stamp Act of 1977 was renamed the Food and 

Nutrition Act of 2008 under the 2008 Farm Bill. 

The Act, as amended, established uniform 

national eligibility standards for SNAP. 

Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 

(2008 Farm Bill). Most SNAP provisions in 

this legislation, which reauthorized SNAP, 

became effective on October 1, 2008. SNAP 

provisions included increases in the minimum 

benefit for one- and two-person households 

and to the standard deduction, elimination of 

the cap on the dependent care deduction, and 

exclusion of most education and retirement 

accounts from countable resources when 

determining SNAP eligibility. It also indexed the 

resource limits to inflation, rounding down to 

the nearest $250 increment each fiscal year.

Gross income. Total monthly countable 

income of a household in dollars, before 

applying deductions. 

Gross income limit. SNAP monthly gross 

income eligibility standards, determined by 

household size; equal to 130 percent of federal 

poverty guidelines. See also Appendix C and 

Countable income. 

Homeless household shelter estimate. Some 

States allow homeless households to deduct 

$143 for shelter expenses.

Household. Individuals who live in a 

residential unit and purchase and prepare food 

30
together. Additionally, spouses living together, 

and children under the age of 22 living with their 

parents must be considered a household, 

regardless of whether or not they purchase and 

prepare food together.

Individuals living alone. Individuals who 

reside in one-person SNAP households 

(although other nonparticipating individuals 

may live in the same residence). 

Individuals with disabilities. Under SNAP 

rules, a disabled individual is defined as one who 

receives federal or State payments for the 

disabled or blind; receives a disability retirement 

benefit from a governmental agency; or receives 

an annuity under the Railroad Retirement Act 

and is either eligible for Medicare or is 

considered to be disabled based on SSI rules. A 

disabled veteran, or a permanently disabled 

spouse or child of a veteran receiving veterans 

benefits, is also considered to be disabled for 

SNAP purposes. In this report, individuals with 

disabilities are those under the age of 60 and (1) 

with SSI; (2) working fewer than 30 hours per 

week, exempt from work registration due to 

disability, and receiving Social Security, 

veterans’ benefits, or workers’ compensation; or 

(3) in a SNAP household without an elderly 

person but with a medical deduction and some 

indication of disability such as work registration 

status, hours worked, or type of income 

received.

Initial certification households. Includes 

both households certified for the first time 

within the current certification period and 

previously certified households that have not 

received benefits for at least 30 days.

Lawful permanent residents. Noncitizens 

lawfully admitted for permanent resident status. 

Married-head households. Households with a 

spouse present or head of household in unit 

with spouse outside of unit. 

Maximum benefit. SNAP benefits are 

calculated by subtracting 30 percent of a 

household’s net income from the maximum 

possible benefit amount to which it is entitled

based on household size. Historically, the 

maximum benefit has been based on 100 

percent of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan. 

From April 2009 through October 2013, the 

maximum benefit was based on 113.6 percent 

of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in June 

2008 for a reference family of four, rounded to 

the lowest dollar increment. This provision 

expired on October 31, 2013, and the maximum 

benefit returned to being based on 100 percent 

of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in the 

preceding June. The maximum benefit is 

uniform throughout the contiguous United 

States but is different for Hawaii, Alaska, the 

Virgin Islands, and Guam. See also Appendix C.

Medical deduction. Deduction available to 

households with elderly members or individuals 

with disabilities, equal to all unreimbursed 

medical expenses incurred by the elderly 

individual or individual with a disability that 

exceed $35. See also Deductions.

Medical deduction demonstrations. State 

programs that use a standard deduction amount 

for households with medical expenses below a 

specified limit. 

Metropolitan households. Households whose 

SNAP application was processed at an agency in 

a Census Bureau-defined Metropolitan 

Statistical Area (MSA). An MSA has at least one 

urbanized area with population of 50,000 or 

more and includes adjacent territory with a high 

degree of social and economic integration with 

the core, as measured by commuting ties.

Micropolitan households. Households whose 

SNAP application was processed at an agency in 

a Census Bureau-defined Micropolitan 

Statistical Area. A Micropolitan Statistical Area 

has at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 

but less than 50,000 in population and includes 

adjacent territory with a high degree of social 

and economic integration with the core, as 

measured by commuting ties. 

Minimum benefit. Amount guaranteed to all 

eligible one- and two-person units except 

during the initial month of participation. The 

minimum benefit for all one- and two-person 

units was equal to 8 percent of the maximum 

benefit for a one-person household. Because it 

is derived from the maximum benefit, the 

31
minimum benefit also varies by geographic 

region and month of benefit receipt in fiscal 

year 2014. See also Appendix C. 

Minnesota Family Investment Program 

(MFIP). Minnesota’s cash and food assistance 

program, which jointly calculates SNAP 

benefits and cash assistance for participating 

households. 

Net income. Total monthly countable income 

of a household in dollars, after applying 

deductions. Net income is not calculated for 

MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in 

Arizona, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, 

Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, New 

Mexico, New York, North Carolina, 

Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, 

Texas, and Virginia. 

Net income limit. SNAP monthly net income 

eligibility standard, determined by household 

size, equal to 100 percent of the federal poverty 

guidelines. See also Appendix C. 

Noncitizen. In this report, “noncitizen” refers 

to individuals residing in the United States who 

are not natural-born or naturalized citizens. 

These include lawful permanent residents, 

refugees, asylees, deportees, and unauthorized 

aliens. Lawfully present noncitizens are subject 

to additional nonfinancial eligibility criteria (see 

Chapter 2). Unauthorized aliens are not eligible 

to receive SNAP benefits but they may be 

nonparticipating members of SNAP 

households. 

Non-elderly adults. Adults age 18 to 59.

Nonimmigrant visitors to the United States. 

Noncitizens who have been admitted for a 

specified period, including tourists, students, 

and foreign nationals with work permits. 

Nonparticipating household head 

households. Households headed by someone 

ineligible for SNAP, such as an ineligible 

noncitizen. 

Other multiple-adult households.

Households with unmarried household head, 

two or more adults, and at least one child. 

Other noncitizen. In this report, “other 

noncitizen” refers to non-refugee, lawful

permanent residents in the United States and 

eligible noncitizens who meet SNAP 

nonfinancial eligibility standards. See Noncitizen. 

Poverty guidelines. The poverty guidelines 

used by FNS are issued by HHS. They are 

developed on the basis of the poverty 

thresholds issued by the Census Bureau.

Dividing the guidelines by 12 yields the monthly 

net income limits for SNAP. See also Appendix 

C. 

Preschool-age children. Children under age 5.

Pure public assistance (PA). A household is 

considered to be pure PA if each member of the 

household receives SSI, a cash TANF benefit, 

or GA income. 

Refugees. Noncitizens accorded refugee status. 

In the tables in this report, the term “refugee” 

includes refugees, asylees, and deportees. 

Resource limit. For all non-categorically 

eligible households without an elderly member

or individual with a disability, the resource limit 

was $2,000 in fiscal year 2014. Households with 

an elderly individual or individual with a 

disability were allowed up to $3,250 in countable 

resources. See also Countable resources.

Rural. A household is considered rural if the 

county in which its local SNAP agency is located 

is not in a Metropolitan Statistical Area or a 

Micropolitan Statistical Area.

School-age children. Children age 5 to 17.

Shelter deduction. See Excess shelter expense 

deduction. 

Single adult with children households. 

Households with exactly one person age 18 or 

older, no spouse, and at least one person under 

age 18.

Single-person households. Households with 

exactly one person.

SSI Combined Application Project (SSICAP). Joint FNS-SSA-State partnerships with a 

goal of streamlining the procedures for 

32
providing SNAP benefits to certain households 

eligible for SSI.

Standard deduction. Deduction received by all 

households, which varies by household size and 

for areas outside of the 48 contiguous States and 

the District of Columbia to reflect price 

differences among geographic areas. See also 

Appendix C and Deductions. 

Standard Utility Allowance (SUA). Specified 

dollar amounts set by State agencies that States 

may use in place of actual utility costs to 

calculate a household’s total shelter expenses.

Student. Participant age 18 or older enrolled at 

least half-time in a recognized school, training 

program, or institution of higher education. 

Thrifty Food Plan. Market basket of goods 

based on an economical and nutritious diet, 

adjusted for household size and composition. 

Used to determine maximum SNAP benefit 

amounts. 

Time limits and additional work 

requirements for adults age 18 to 49 without 

disabilities in childless households. SNAP 

participants without disabilities age 18 to 49 

who do not live with a household member 

under the age of 18 are generally subject to time 

limited participation unless they fulfill additional 

work requirements beyond the SNAP general 

work requirements. (See Work requirements.) In 

order to receive SNAP benefits for more than 3 

months in a 36-month period, these individuals 

are required to work or participate in a work 

program at least 20 hours a week, or participate 

and comply with a workfare program. States can 

apply to waive this requirement in certain areas 

where there are insufficient jobs. States are also 

issued a limited number of exemptions from the 

requirement each year, which they can assign to 

individuals to let them receive benefits for a 

longer period of time. In this report, all adults 

meeting this definition, regardless of exemption 

status, are identified as Adults Age 18 to 49 

Without Disabilities in Childless Households 

Total deduction. Includes child support 

payment, dependent care, earned income, 

excess shelter expense, medical, and standard 

deductions to which SNAP households are 

entitled. In some cases, the total deduction 

exceeds the amount deducted from gross 

income because net income may not be less than 

zero. See also Deductions. 

Unearned income. Includes TANF, GA, SSI, 

Social Security, unemployment benefits, 

veterans’ benefits, workers’ compensation, 

other government benefits, contributions, 

deemed income, education loans, child support, 

wage supplementations, energy assistance, State 

diversion payments, and other unearned 

income. 

Work requirements. Many SNAP participants

without disabilities are required to register for 

work or be registered by the State agency, must 

participate in a State employment and training 

or workfare program if assigned by the State 

agency, and must agree to accept any suitable 

job offered to them. Individuals exempt from 

SNAP work registration rules include the 

following: 

• All individuals under age 16, or age 60

and over, and some individuals age 16

and 17

• Individuals physically or mentally unfit

for work

• Individuals complying with work

requirements of other assistance

programs under TANF

• Individuals responsible for the care of a

dependent child under age 6 or the care

of an incapacitated person

• Individuals receiving unemployment

compensation

• Regular participants in a drug addiction

or alcohol treatment program

• Individuals working 30 hours a week or

earning more than an amount equal to

30 hours times the minimum wage

• Students enrolled at least half-time in a

school, training program, or institution

of higher education

33
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APPENDIX A

DETAILED TABLES OF SNAP HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
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Table A.1. Distribution of participating households, individuals, and benefits by household composition, locality, countable

income source, and SNAP benefit amount

Household characteristic

SNAP households

Participants in households

with household

characteristic

Monthly SNAP benefits

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Dollars

(000)

Percent

Total ................................................................................................ 22,445 100.0 45,874 100.0 5,689,647 100.0

Household composition

 Children .......................................................................................... 9,789 43.6 31,609 68.9 3,817,969 67.1

 School-age .................................................................................... 7,603 33.9 26,214 57.1 3,092,269 54.3

 Preschool-age ............................................................................... 4,869 21.7 16,564 36.1 2,045,818 36.0

 No children ..................................................................................... 12,656 56.4 14,265 31.1 1,871,679 32.9

 Elderly individuals ......................................................................... 4,255 19.0 5,359 11.7 548,607 9.6

 No elderly individuals .................................................................... 18,190 81.0 40,515 88.3 5,141,040 90.4

 Non-elderly individuals with disabilities ....................................... 4,579 20.4 8,681 18.9 858,511 15.1

 No non-elderly individuals with disabilities .................................. 17,865 79.6 37,193 81.1 4,831,136 84.9

 Adults age 18 to 49 without disabilities in childless householdsa 4,333 19.3 5,189 11.3 829,307 14.6

 No adults age 18 to 49 without disabilities in childless

households .................................................................................. 18,112 80.7 40,685 88.7 4,860,340 85.4

 Noncitizens .................................................................................... 1,360 6.1 3,331 7.3 407,922 7.2

 No noncitizens ............................................................................... 21,084 93.9 42,543 92.7 5,281,726 92.8

Locality

 Metropolitan ................................................................................... 18,317 81.6 37,278 81.3 4,696,138 82.5

 Micropolitanb ................................................................................. 2,255 10.0 4,693 10.2 547,865 9.6

 Rural ............................................................................................... 1,519 6.8 3,249 7.1 374,354 6.6

 Unknown locality ........................................................................... 354 1.6 653 1.4 71,291 1.3

Countable income source

 Gross income ................................................................................. 17,526 78.1 38,108 83.1 4,321,309 76.0

 No gross income ............................................................................ 4,919 21.9 7,765 16.9 1,368,339 24.0

 Net income ..................................................................................... 12,745 56.8 29,333 63.9 2,828,034 49.7

 No net income ................................................................................ 9,111 40.6 15,911 34.7 2,766,105 48.6

 Not applicablec ............................................................................... 589 2.6 630 1.4 95,508 1.7

 Earned income ............................................................................... 7,016 31.3 19,477 42.5 2,090,196 36.7

 No earned income .......................................................................... 15,429 68.7 26,397 57.5 3,599,452 63.3

 Unearned income ........................................................................... 12,646 56.3 25,215 55.0 2,840,701 49.9

 No unearned income ...................................................................... 9,799 43.7 20,659 45.0 2,848,946 50.1

 TANF income ................................................................................ 1,362 6.1 4,106 8.9 554,512 9.7

 No TANF income .......................................................................... 21,083 93.9 41,768 91.1 5,135,135 90.3

 GA income ..................................................................................... 694 3.1 1,079 2.4 148,890 2.6

 No GA income ............................................................................... 21,751 96.9 44,795 97.6 5,540,757 97.4

 SSI .................................................................................................. 4,568 20.4 8,026 17.5 858,902 15.1

 No SSI ............................................................................................ 17,877 79.6 37,848 82.5 4,830,746 84.9

 Social Security income .................................................................. 5,505 24.5 8,306 18.1 750,919 13.2

 No Social Security income ............................................................. 16,940 75.5 37,568 81.9 4,938,729 86.8

Gross countable income as a percentage of poverty guideline

 No income ...................................................................................... 4,919 21.9 7,765 16.9 1,368,339 24.0

 >0-50% ........................................................................................... 4,755 21.2 12,338 26.9 1,924,069 33.8

 51-100% ......................................................................................... 9,088 40.5 18,163 39.6 1,991,623 35.0

 101-130% ....................................................................................... 2,602 11.6 5,688 12.4 334,813 5.9

 131%+ ............................................................................................ 1,081 4.8 1,919 4.2 70,803 1.2

SNAP benefit

 Minimum benefit ........................................................................... 1,433 6.4 1,717 3.7 21,628 0.4

 Maximum benefit ........................................................................... 9,414 41.9 16,214 35.3 2,823,639 49.6

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and a time limit. 

b A micropolitan area has at least one urban cluster of between 10,000 and 50,000 people and includes adjacent territory with a high degree of social

and economic integration with the core, as measured by commuting ties.

c Net income is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

37
Table A.2. Average gross countable income as a percentage of poverty guideline, gross and net countable income, total deduction, 

SNAP benefit, household size, and certification period of participating households by household composition, locality, countable

income source, and SNAP benefit amount

Household characteristic

Total households Average values

Number

(000)

Percent

Gross

countable

income as a

percentage

of poverty

guideline

(percent)

Gross

countable

income

(dollars)

Net

countable

income

(dollars)a

Total

deduction

(dollars)b

SNAP

benefit

(dollars)

Household

size

(individuals)

Certification

period

(months)

Total ............................................................ 22,445 100.0 57.8 759 335 538 253 2.0 12.9

Household composition

 Children ...................................................... 9,789 43.6 56.0 965 449 615 390 3.2 9.8

 School-age ................................................ 7,603 33.9 57.3 1,025 495 622 407 3.4 9.8

 Preschool-age ........................................... 4,869 21.7 53.6 955 427 629 420 3.4 9.6

 No children ................................................. 12,656 56.4 59.2 600 243 476 148 1.1 15.4

 Elderly individuals ..................................... 4,255 19.0 83.7 876 407 544 129 1.3 19.5

 No elderly individuals ................................ 18,190 81.0 51.7 732 319 536 283 2.2 11.4

 Non-elderly individuals with disabilities ... 4,579 20.4 82.4 1,006 501 543 187 1.9 16.7

 No non-elderly individuals with

disabilities .............................................. 17,865 79.6 51.5 696 294 536 270 2.1 12.0

 Adults age 18 to 49 without disabilities in

childless householdsc ............................. 4,333 19.3 28.7 314 113 410 191 1.2 9.8

 No adults age 18 to 49 without disabilities

in childless households .......................... 18,112 80.7 64.8 866 390 569 268 2.2 13.7

 Noncitizens ................................................ 1,360 6.1 59.6 887 371 637 300 2.4 13.0

 No noncitizens ........................................... 21,084 93.9 57.7 751 333 531 251 2.0 12.9

Locality

 Metropolitan ............................................... 18,317 81.6 57.3 753 319 553 256 2.0 12.8

 Micropolitand ............................................. 2,255 10.0 59.8 788 398 479 243 2.1 12.8

 Rural ........................................................... 1,519 6.8 57.7 778 417 452 246 2.1 13.2

 Unknown locality ....................................... 354 1.6 67.9 833 393 504 202 1.8 20.6

Countable income source

 Gross income ............................................. 17,526 78.1 74.0 972 432 601 247 2.2 13.7

 No gross income ........................................ 4,919 21.9 0.0 0 0 320 278 1.6 10.3

 Net income ................................................. 12,745 56.8 85.0 1,148 575 573 222 2.3 13.2

 No net income ............................................ 9,111 40.6 18.3 215 0 489 304 1.7 10.9

 Not applicable ............................................ 589 2.6 80.0 771 – 75 162 1.1 38.1

 Earned income ........................................... 7,016 31.3 78.9 1,221 544 728 298 2.8 9.8

 No earned income ...................................... 15,429 68.7 48.2 549 237 448 233 1.7 14.4

 Unearned income ....................................... 12,646 56.3 74.0 914 424 547 225 2.0 15.3

 No unearned income .................................. 9,799 43.7 36.9 559 226 526 291 2.1 9.9

 TANF income ............................................ 1,362 6.1 44.7 737 292 516 407 3.0 10.9

 No TANF income ...................................... 21,083 93.9 58.6 761 338 539 244 2.0 13.1

 GA income ................................................. 694 3.1 49.6 594 212 537 215 1.6 13.7

 No GA income ........................................... 21,751 96.9 58.1 765 339 538 255 2.1 12.9

 SSI .............................................................. 4,568 20.4 75.9 905 428 518 188 1.8 19.8

 No SSI ........................................................ 17,877 79.6 53.2 722 314 542 270 2.1 11.2

 Social Security income .............................. 5,505 24.5 92.5 1,019 504 550 136 1.5 17.3

 No Social Security income ......................... 16,940 75.5 46.5 675 281 534 292 2.2 11.5

SNAP benefit

 Minimum benefit ....................................... 1,433 6.4 128.4 1,327 962 365 15 1.2 15.4

 Maximum benefit ....................................... 9,414 41.9 20.4 234 0 489 300 1.7 11.8

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized

SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households

column.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determinations, 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits are

excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

c With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and a time limit. 

d A micropolitan area has at least one urban cluster of between 10,000 and 50,000 people and includes adjacent territory with a high degree of social and

economic integration with the core, as measured by commuting ties.

– Not applicable.

38
Table A.3. Distribution of participating households with children, elderly individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities by

amount of gross and net countable income, countable resources, and gross and net countable income as a percentage of poverty guideline

Household characteristic

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly individuals Non-elderly individuals with

disabilities

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .................................................. 22,445 100.0 9,789 100.0 4,255 100.0 4,579 100.0

Gross countable income

 $0 ..................................................... 4,919 21.9 1,376 14.1 308 7.2 0 0.0

 1-199 ............................................... 906 4.0 399 4.1 44 1.0 3 0.1

 200-399 ........................................... 1,378 6.1 810 8.3 100 2.3 23 0.5

 400-599 ........................................... 1,558 6.9 982 10.0 209 4.9 142 3.1

 600-799 ........................................... 4,429 19.7 1,082 11.1 1,405 33.0 2,020 44.1

 800-999 ........................................... 2,676 11.9 880 9.0 859 20.2 864 18.9

 1,000-1,249 ..................................... 2,272 10.1 1,024 10.5 667 15.7 587 12.8

 1,250-1,499 ..................................... 1,517 6.8 930 9.5 344 8.1 378 8.2

 1,500-1,999 ..................................... 1,630 7.3 1,264 12.9 226 5.3 342 7.5

 2,000+ ............................................. 1,159 5.2 1,040 10.6 94 2.2 220 4.8

Net countable income

 $0 ..................................................... 9,111 40.6 3,500 35.8 917 21.6 546 11.9

 1-199 ............................................... 2,877 12.8 1,256 12.8 585 13.7 748 16.3

 200-399 ........................................... 2,828 12.6 1,016 10.4 791 18.6 940 20.5

 400-599 ........................................... 2,368 10.6 913 9.3 682 16.0 800 17.5

 600-799 ........................................... 1,382 6.2 733 7.5 341 8.0 378 8.2

 800-999 ........................................... 1,168 5.2 685 7.0 306 7.2 304 6.6

 1,000+ ............................................. 2,121 9.4 1,661 17.0 328 7.7 602 13.2

 Not applicablea ................................ 589 2.6 25 0.3 305 7.2 261 5.7

Countable resources

 Categorically eligibleb .................... 20,538 91.5 8,868 90.6 3,994 93.9 4,277 93.4

 $0 ..................................................... 1,124 5.0 518 5.3 74 1.7 143 3.1

 1-500 ............................................... 584 2.6 296 3.0 130 3.1 118 2.6

 501-1,000 ........................................ 108 0.5 58 0.6 30 0.7 24 0.5

 1,001-2,000 ..................................... 76 0.3 47 0.5 18 0.4 13 0.3

 2,001-3,250 ..................................... 13 0.1 2 0.0 8 0.2 5 0.1

Gross countable income as a

percentage of poverty guideline

 No gross income .............................. 4,919 21.9 1,376 14.1 308 7.2 0 0.0

 >0-25% ............................................ 1,959 8.7 1,233 12.6 81 1.9 25 0.5

 26-50% ............................................ 2,796 12.5 2,074 21.2 204 4.8 422 9.2

 51-75% ............................................ 3,979 17.7 1,997 20.4 754 17.7 1,451 31.7

 76-100% .......................................... 5,109 22.8 1,564 16.0 1,775 41.7 1,828 39.9

 101-125% ........................................ 2,350 10.5 1,072 10.9 656 15.4 555 12.1

 126-130% ........................................ 253 1.1 123 1.3 69 1.6 60 1.3

 131-150% ........................................ 588 2.6 211 2.2 222 5.2 125 2.7

 151%+ ............................................. 494 2.2 139 1.4 188 4.4 113 2.5

Net countable income as a

percentage of poverty guideline

 No net income ................................. 9,111 40.6 3,500 35.8 917 21.6 546 11.9

 >0-25% ............................................ 4,502 20.1 2,411 24.6 772 18.1 1,166 25.5

 26-50% ............................................ 3,979 17.7 1,868 19.1 1,014 23.8 1,254 27.4

 51-75% ............................................ 2,627 11.7 1,274 13.0 681 16.0 847 18.5

 76-100% .......................................... 1,206 5.4 622 6.4 358 8.4 376 8.2

 101-125% ........................................ 264 1.2 65 0.7 123 2.9 78 1.7

 126-130% ........................................ 29 0.1 5 0.1 14 0.3 8 0.2

 131-150% ........................................ 75 0.3 11 0.1 41 1.0 28 0.6

 151%+ ............................................. 63 0.3 7 0.1 29 0.7 16 0.3

 Not applicablea ................................ 589 2.6 25 0.3 305 7.2 261 5.7

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Net income is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

b Categorically eligible households have no countable resources because the program does not consider resources in their eligibility determinations. However, in

fiscal year 2014, five States (Idaho, Michigan, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Texas) used resource limits between $5,000 and $25,000 when determining eligibility. 

39
Table A.4. Distribution of participating households by household size and amount of countable gross and net income, resources, and gross

and net income as a percentage of poverty guideline

Household

characteristic

Total households Household size

Number

(000)

Percent

1 2 3 4 5 6+

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .............................. 22,445 100.0 11,670 100.0 4,221 100.0 3,020 100.0 1,927 100.0 1,006 100.0 602 100.0

Gross countable

income

 $0 ................................. 4,919 21.9 3,447 29.5 693 16.4 404 13.4 223 11.6 103 10.3 49 8.2

 1-199 ............................ 906 4.0 517 4.4 186 4.4 122 4.0 54 2.8 18 1.8 9 1.6

 200-399 ........................ 1,378 6.1 631 5.4 371 8.8 195 6.5 114 5.9 44 4.3 23 3.9

 400-599 ........................ 1,558 6.9 639 5.5 430 10.2 289 9.6 133 6.9 44 4.4 23 3.8

 600-799 ........................ 4,429 19.7 3,207 27.5 552 13.1 375 12.4 176 9.1 81 8.1 38 6.4

 800-999 ........................ 2,676 11.9 1,673 14.3 453 10.7 278 9.2 165 8.5 59 5.9 48 7.9

 1,000-1,249 .................. 2,272 10.1 963 8.2 585 13.9 349 11.6 228 11.8 94 9.3 53 8.8

 1,250-1,499 .................. 1,517 6.8 376 3.2 456 10.8 353 11.7 186 9.6 97 9.6 49 8.2

 1,500-1,999 .................. 1,630 7.3 182 1.6 341 8.1 464 15.4 339 17.6 191 19.0 112 18.6

 2,000+ .......................... 1,159 5.2 36 0.3 153 3.6 189 6.2 311 16.1 274 27.2 197 32.7

Net countable income

 $0 ................................. 9,111 40.6 5,570 47.7 1,698 40.2 974 32.3 511 26.5 238 23.7 121 20.1

 1-199 ............................ 2,877 12.8 1,530 13.1 594 14.1 435 14.4 216 11.2 62 6.2 39 6.6

 200-399 ........................ 2,828 12.6 1,676 14.4 485 11.5 317 10.5 215 11.2 80 8.0 54 8.9

 400-599 ........................ 2,368 10.6 1,293 11.1 437 10.3 335 11.1 168 8.7 87 8.6 49 8.2

 600-799 ........................ 1,382 6.2 508 4.4 331 7.8 259 8.6 162 8.4 75 7.4 48 7.9

 800-999 ........................ 1,168 5.2 326 2.8 285 6.7 247 8.2 170 8.8 96 9.5 45 7.5

 1,000-1,199 .................. 741 3.3 98 0.8 159 3.8 209 6.9 143 7.4 86 8.5 46 7.6

 1,200+ .......................... 1,380 6.1 103 0.9 221 5.2 238 7.9 338 17.5 281 27.9 199 33.1

 Not applicablea ............ 589 2.6 567 4.9 10 0.2 6 0.2 4 0.2 1 0.1 1 0.1

Countable resources

 Categorically eligibleb 20,538 91.5 10,791 92.5 3,872 91.7 2,717 90.0 1,722 89.4 894 88.9 542 90.1

 $0 ................................. 1,124 5.0 567 4.9 198 4.7 174 5.8 103 5.3 53 5.3 29 4.8

 1-500 ............................ 584 2.6 237 2.0 115 2.7 99 3.3 74 3.8 38 3.8 21 3.4

 501-1,000 ..................... 108 0.5 38 0.3 22 0.5 16 0.5 16 0.8 11 1.0 5 0.8

 1,001-2,000 .................. 76 0.3 27 0.2 12 0.3 12 0.4 12 0.6 9 0.9 5 0.8

 2,001-3,250 .................. 13 0.1 10 0.1 2 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Gross countable

income as a percentage

of poverty guideline

 No gross income .......... 4,919 21.9 3,447 29.5 693 16.4 404 13.4 223 11.6 103 10.3 49 8.2

 >0-25% ........................ 1,959 8.7 718 6.1 465 11.0 347 11.5 246 12.7 104 10.3 80 13.3

 26-50% ........................ 2,796 12.5 748 6.4 642 15.2 663 22.0 389 20.2 206 20.5 148 24.6

 51-75% ........................ 3,979 17.7 1,784 15.3 842 19.9 569 18.9 405 21.0 229 22.8 150 25.0

 76-100% ...................... 5,109 22.8 3,215 27.5 736 17.4 528 17.5 340 17.6 186 18.5 104 17.3

 101-125% .................... 2,350 10.5 1,063 9.1 490 11.6 361 12.0 244 12.7 136 13.5 56 9.2

 126-130% .................... 253 1.1 108 0.9 56 1.3 43 1.4 29 1.5 13 1.3 3 0.5

 131-150% .................... 588 2.6 315 2.7 125 3.0 76 2.5 38 1.9 24 2.3 11 1.8

 151%+ ......................... 494 2.2 273 2.3 173 4.1 28 0.9 15 0.8 5 0.5 0 0.0

Net countable income

as a percentage of

poverty guideline

 No net income ............. 9,111 40.6 5,570 47.7 1,698 40.2 974 32.3 511 26.5 238 23.7 121 20.1

 >0-25% ........................ 4,502 20.1 1,901 16.3 901 21.3 785 26.0 523 27.2 229 22.8 164 27.2

 26-50% ........................ 3,979 17.7 1,862 16.0 719 17.0 599 19.8 404 21.0 236 23.5 160 26.6

 51-75% ........................ 2,627 11.7 1,092 9.4 489 11.6 439 14.5 306 15.9 199 19.8 102 17.0

 76-100% ...................... 1,206 5.4 444 3.8 242 5.7 213 7.1 161 8.3 94 9.4 52 8.6

 101-125% .................... 264 1.2 132 1.1 97 2.3 4 0.1 19 1.0 9 0.9 3 0.5

 126-130% .................... 29 0.1 16 0.1 14 0.3 ––––––––

 131-150% .................... 75 0.3 45 0.4 30 0.7 – – – – – – 0 0.0

 151%+ ......................... 63 0.3 42 0.4 21 0.5 ––––––––

 Not applicablea ............ 589 2.6 567 4.9 10 0.2 6 0.2 4 0.2 1 0.1 1 0.1

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Net income is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

b Categorically eligible households have no countable resources because the program does not consider resources in their eligibility determinations. However, in

fiscal year 2014, five States (Idaho, Michigan, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Texas) used resource limits between $5,000 and $25,000 when determining eligibility. 

– No sample households in this category.

40
Table A.5. Average gross and net countable income, average gross and net countable income as a percentage of poverty guideline, average

countable resources, and average benefit of participating households by household composition and size

Household characteristic

Total households Average values

Number

(000)

Percent

Gross

countable

income

(dollars)

Net countable

income

(dollars)a

Gross

countable

income as a

percentage of

poverty

guideline

(percent)

Net countable

income as a

percentage of

poverty

guideline

(percent)a

Countable

resources

among

households

with countable

resources

(dollars)

SNAP benefit

(dollars)

Total ......................................................... 22,445 100.0 759 335 57.8 24.1 446 253

Household composition

 Children .................................................. 9,789 43.6 965 449 56.0 24.9 412 390

 School-age ............................................ 7,603 33.9 1,025 495 57.3 26.6 428 407

 Preschool-age ....................................... 4,869 21.7 955 427 53.6 22.5 416 420

 No children ............................................. 12,656 56.4 600 243 59.2 23.5 480 148

 Elderly individuals ................................. 4,255 19.0 876 407 83.7 37.7 570 129

 No elderly individuals ............................ 18,190 81.0 732 319 51.7 21.1 407 283

 Non-elderly individuals with disabilities 4,579 20.4 1,006 501 82.4 37.9 464 187

 No non-elderly individuals with

disabilities ........................................... 17,865 79.6 696 294 51.5 20.7 441 270

Household size

 1 .............................................................. 11,670 52.0 542 199 56.4 20.7 453 140

 2 .............................................................. 4,221 18.8 793 337 61.3 26.0 446 255

 3 .............................................................. 3,020 13.5 934 418 57.4 25.6 400 376

 4 .............................................................. 1,927 8.6 1,142 580 58.1 29.5 408 463

 5 .............................................................. 1,006 4.5 1,396 771 60.7 33.5 467 527

 6 .............................................................. 381 1.7 1,479 823 56.1 31.2 679 664

 7 .............................................................. 140 0.6 1,702 993 57.3 33.4 476 711

 8+ ............................................................ 81 0.4 1,816 1,174 51.2 33.0 566 905

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized

SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

41
Table A.6. Distribution of participating households with children, elderly individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities by

type of countable income

Type of income

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)a Percent

Children Elderly individuals Non-elderly individuals

with disabilities

Number

(000) Percent Number(000) Percent Number(000) Percent

Total .................................................................... 22,445 100.0 9,789 100.0 4,255 100.0 4,579 100.0

Countable earned income ................................. 7,016 31.3 5,113 52.2 291 6.8 518 11.3

 Wages and salaries ............................................ 6,178 27.5 4,578 46.8 232 5.5 469 10.2

 Self-employment ............................................... 914 4.1 614 6.3 61 1.4 51 1.1

 Other earned income ......................................... 71 0.3 42 0.4 2 0.1 4 0.1

Countable unearned income ............................ 12,646 56.3 4,970 50.8 3,817 89.7 4,577 99.9

 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families ....... 1,362 6.1 1,313 13.4 37 0.9 245 5.4

 General Assistance ............................................ 694 3.1 142 1.5 159 3.7 152 3.3

 Supplemental Security Income ......................... 4,568 20.4 1,125 11.5 1,556 36.6 3,101 67.7

 Social Security .................................................. 5,505 24.5 871 8.9 2,914 68.5 2,354 51.4

 Unemployment income ..................................... 466 2.1 263 2.7 21 0.5 21 0.4

 Veterans’ benefits ............................................. 163 0.7 38 0.4 67 1.6 40 0.9

 Workers’ compensation .................................... 47 0.2 24 0.2 7 0.2 14 0.3

 Other government benefitsb .............................. 149 0.7 62 0.6 60 1.4 46 1.0

 Household contributions ................................... 642 2.9 407 4.2 71 1.7 35 0.8

 Household deemed income ............................... 18 0.1 17 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.0

 Educational loans .............................................. 8 0.0 6 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.0

 Child support enforcement payments ............... 1,870 8.3 1,781 18.2 29 0.7 292 6.4

 Foster care payments ......................................... 9 0.0 6 0.1 2 0.0 5 0.1

 State diversion payments .................................. 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

 Energy assistance income ................................. 3 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0

 Wage supplementation ...................................... 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

 Other unearned incomec .................................... 720 3.2 251 2.6 346 8.1 85 1.9

 TANF or GA ..................................................... 2,047 9.1 1,446 14.8 195 4.6 391 8.5

 TANF and earnings ........................................... 308 1.4 302 3.1 4 0.1 20 0.4

 TANF and SSI ................................................... 234 1.0 227 2.3 17 0.4 224 4.9

 TANF or SSI or GA .......................................... 6,184 27.6 2,301 23.5 1,658 39.0 3,140 68.6

 (TANF or SSI or GA) and earnings .................. 744 3.3 583 6.0 32 0.8 386 8.4

 TANF and child support ................................... 109 0.5 107 1.1 2 0.0 28 0.6

 SSI and Social Security ..................................... 1,706 7.6 263 2.7 857 20.1 910 19.9

 SSI or Social Security ....................................... 8,367 37.3 1,733 17.7 3,613 84.9 4,545 99.3

 SSI and earnings ................................................ 405 1.8 263 2.7 29 0.7 382 8.4

 GA and earnings ................................................ 61 0.3 41 0.4 2 0.0 12 0.3

 Earnings and child support ................................ 832 3.7 810 8.3 8 0.2 62 1.3

No countable income ......................................... 4,919 21.9 1,376 14.1 308 7.2 0 0.0

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a The sum of individual income sources does not add to the total because households may receive income from more than one source.

b Examples of other government benefits include Black Lung Benefits, Railroad Retirement payments, and USDA payments to farmers.

c Examples of other unearned income include alimony and dividends and interest payments.

42
Table A.7. Average income, total deduction, SNAP benefit, and household size of participating households by type of countable income

Type of Income

Total households Average values

Number

(000)a Percent

Gross

countable

income

(dollars)

Net

countable

income

(dollars)b

Income

source

(dollars)c

Total

deduction

(dollars)d

SNAP

benefit

(dollars)

Household

size

(individuals)

Total .................................................................... 22,445 100.0 759 335 - 538 253 2.0

Countable earned income ................................. 7,016 31.3 1,221 544 1,064 728 298 2.8

 Wages and salaries ............................................ 6,178 27.5 1,293 589 1,128 742 292 2.8

 Self-employment ............................................... 914 4.1 805 280 520 653 349 2.6

 Other earned income ......................................... 71 0.3 755 298 261 602 280 2.0

Countable unearned income ............................ 12,646 56.3 914 424 758 547 225 2.0

 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families ....... 1,362 6.1 737 292 383 516 407 3.0

 General Assistance ............................................ 694 3.1 594 212 225 537 215 1.6

 Supplemental Security Income ......................... 4,568 20.4 905 428 589 518 188 1.8

 Social Security .................................................. 5,505 24.5 1,019 504 820 550 136 1.5

 Unemployment income ..................................... 466 2.1 1,041 543 790 536 252 2.4

 Veterans’ benefits ............................................. 163 0.7 1,134 656 556 511 145 1.8

 Workers’ compensation .................................... 47 0.2 1,372 771 976 621 263 2.9

 Other government benefitse .............................. 149 0.7 1,100 565 465 588 232 2.3

 Household contributions ................................... 642 2.9 650 228 285 528 344 2.5

 Household deemed income ............................... 18 0.1 783 331 556 584 242 1.9

 Educational loans .............................................. 8 0.0 1,179 580 511 675 297 2.9

 Child support enforcement payments ............... 1,870 8.3 1,084 559 350 581 373 3.3

 Foster care payments ......................................... 9 0.0 1,396 1037 663 433 246 3.5

 State diversion payments .................................. 1 0.0 1,619 1075 105 547 78 2.2

 Energy assistance income ................................. 3 0.0 975 391 567 641 157 1.6

 Wage supplementation ...................................... 0 0.0 1,790 863 500 927 491 5.0

 Other unearned incomef .................................... 720 3.2 1,086 540 367 612 192 1.9

 TANF or GA ..................................................... 2,047 9.1 687 263 331 523 342 2.5

 TANF and earnings ........................................... 308 1.4 1,118 496 1,047 653 381 3.2

 TANF and SSI ................................................... 234 1.0 1,235 751 1,054 493 332 3.5

 TANF or SSI or GA .......................................... 6,184 27.6 819 355 545 520 234 1.9

 (TANF or SSI or GA) and earnings .................. 744 3.3 1,397 741 1,297 680 302 3.2

 TANF and child support ................................... 109 0.5 954 470 554 523 427 3.5

 SSI and Social Security ..................................... 1,706 7.6 900 437 848 493 153 1.5

 SSI or Social Security ....................................... 8,367 37.3 981 478 861 544 161 1.6

 SSI and earnings ................................................ 405 1.8 1,639 971 1,475 689 244 3.2

 GA and earnings ................................................ 61 0.3 1,331 611 1,121 738 299 3.0

 Earnings and child support ................................ 832 3.7 1,575 849 1,486 740 318 3.6

No countable income ......................................... 4,919 21.9 0 0 0 320 278 1.6

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a The sum of individual income sources does not add to the total because households may receive income from more than one source.

b Because net income is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized

SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

c Average value of specified source over households with income from source.

d Because deductions are not used in their benefit determinations, 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits are excluded

from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

e Examples of other government benefits include Black Lung Benefits, Railroad Retirement payments, and USDA payments to farmers.

f Examples of other unearned income include alimony and dividends and interest payments.

43
Table A.8. Distribution of participating households with children, elderly individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities

by countable earned and unearned income amounts

Household characteristic

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly individuals Non-elderly individuals with

disabilities

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .......................................... 22,445 100.0 9,789 100.0 4,255 100.0 4,579 100.0

Countable earned income

 $0 .............................................. 15,429 68.7 4,676 47.8 3,964 93.2 4,062 88.7

 1-199 ........................................ 609 2.7 241 2.5 51 1.2 118 2.6

 200-399 .................................... 625 2.8 348 3.6 45 1.1 57 1.2

 400-599 .................................... 684 3.0 453 4.6 34 0.8 57 1.2

 600-799 .................................... 835 3.7 549 5.6 50 1.2 66 1.4

 800-999 .................................... 850 3.8 598 6.1 33 0.8 51 1.1

 1,000-1,249 .............................. 966 4.3 724 7.4 27 0.6 59 1.3

 1,250-1,499 .............................. 747 3.3 630 6.4 15 0.4 38 0.8

 1,500-1,999 .............................. 986 4.4 881 9.0 24 0.6 46 1.0

 2,000+ ...................................... 714 3.2 688 7.0 11 0.3 26 0.6

Countable unearned income

 $0 .............................................. 9,799 43.7 4,819 49.2 438 10.3 3 0.1

 1-199 ........................................ 986 4.4 634 6.5 45 1.0 9 0.2

 200-399 .................................... 1,482 6.6 1,086 11.1 96 2.3 38 0.8

 400-599 .................................... 1,385 6.2 949 9.7 204 4.8 182 4.0

 600-799 .................................... 4,084 18.2 869 8.9 1,409 33.1 2,235 48.8

 800-999 .................................... 1,953 8.7 403 4.1 842 19.8 868 19.0

 1,000-1,249 .............................. 1,403 6.3 379 3.9 663 15.6 593 13.0

 1,250-1,499 .............................. 724 3.2 290 3.0 315 7.4 340 7.4

 1,500+ ...................................... 629 2.8 359 3.7 243 5.7 311 6.8

Countable TANF income

 $0 .............................................. 21,083 93.9 8,476 86.6 4,219 99.1 4,334 94.6

 1-199 ........................................ 253 1.1 234 2.4 14 0.3 84 1.8

 200-399 .................................... 509 2.3 489 5.0 14 0.3 94 2.1

 400-599 .................................... 421 1.9 413 4.2 6 0.1 47 1.0

 600-799 .................................... 136 0.6 134 1.4 1 0.0 14 0.3

 800-999 .................................... 35 0.2 35 0.4 2 0.0 3 0.1

 1,000+ ...................................... 9 0.0 9 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.1

Countable GA income

 $0 .............................................. 21,751 96.9 9,646 98.5 4,096 96.3 4,427 96.7

 1-199 ........................................ 352 1.6 51 0.5 96 2.3 122 2.7

 200-399 .................................... 234 1.0 33 0.3 40 0.9 15 0.3

 400-599 .................................... 80 0.4 39 0.4 16 0.4 13 0.3

 600-799 .................................... 14 0.1 7 0.1 5 0.1 1 0.0

 800-999 .................................... 6 0.0 5 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0

 1,000+ ...................................... 8 0.0 6 0.1 2 0.1 1 0.0

Countable TANF or GA

income

 $0 .............................................. 20,398 90.9 8,342 85.2 4,060 95.4 4,189 91.5

 1-199 ........................................ 597 2.7 278 2.8 109 2.6 199 4.4

 200-399 .................................... 740 3.3 519 5.3 54 1.3 107 2.3

 400-599 .................................... 502 2.2 453 4.6 22 0.5 61 1.3

 600-799 .................................... 150 0.7 141 1.4 6 0.1 16 0.3

 800-999 .................................... 41 0.2 41 0.4 2 0.0 3 0.1

 1,000+ ...................................... 18 0.1 15 0.2 3 0.1 4 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

44
Table A.8. Distribution of participating households with children, elderly individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities

by countable earned and unearned income amounts — Continued

Household characteristic

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly individuals Non-elderly individuals with

disabilities

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Countable SSI

 $0 .............................................. 17,877 79.6 8,663 88.5 2,700 63.4 1,478 32.3

 1-199 ........................................ 750 3.3 69 0.7 398 9.3 357 7.8

 200-399 .................................... 569 2.5 76 0.8 277 6.5 297 6.5

 400-599 .................................... 475 2.1 96 1.0 187 4.4 294 6.4

 600-799 .................................... 2,176 9.7 609 6.2 499 11.7 1,703 37.2

 800-999 .................................... 278 1.2 69 0.7 114 2.7 175 3.8

 1,000+ ...................................... 320 1.4 208 2.1 81 1.9 275 6.0

 Maximum for one-persona ....... 1,230 5.5 252 2.6 292 6.9 946 20.7

 Maximum for two-personsb ..... 35 0.2 3 0.0 28 0.7 13 0.3

Countable Social Security

 $0 .............................................. 16,940 75.5 8,918 91.1 1,341 31.5 2,226 48.6

 1-199 ........................................ 184 0.8 108 1.1 43 1.0 115 2.5

 200-399 .................................... 486 2.2 131 1.3 223 5.2 219 4.8

 400-599 .................................... 782 3.5 133 1.4 423 9.9 312 6.8

 600-799 .................................... 1,346 6.0 150 1.5 725 17.0 568 12.4

 800-999 .................................... 1,249 5.6 104 1.1 645 15.2 560 12.2

 1,000+ ...................................... 1,459 6.5 244 2.5 856 20.1 581 12.7

Other countable unearned

income

 $0 .............................................. 18,547 82.6 7,109 72.6 3,667 86.2 4,063 88.7

 1-199 ........................................ 1,202 5.4 723 7.4 244 5.7 206 4.5

 200-399 .................................... 1,071 4.8 803 8.2 134 3.2 134 2.9

 400-599 .................................... 674 3.0 507 5.2 80 1.9 67 1.5

 600-799 .................................... 339 1.5 228 2.3 55 1.3 38 0.8

 800-999 .................................... 203 0.9 133 1.4 25 0.6 20 0.4

 1,000+ ...................................... 400 1.8 284 2.9 50 1.2 48 1.1

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a The fiscal year 2014 maximum monthly SSI benefit for one person was $710 from October through December 2013 and $721 from January through

September 2014. This row tabulates the number of households in which at least one person received the applicable maximum SSI benefit. 

b The fiscal year 2014 maximum monthly SSI benefit for two persons was $1,066 from October through December 2013 and $1,082 from January through

September 2014. This row tabulates the number of households in which the two persons receive a combined SSI benefit of this amount. 

45
Table A.9. Distribution of participating households by type of deduction and household composition, countable income source, and

SNAP benefit amount

Household characteristic

Total households Type of deduction

Number

(000)

Percent

Earned income Dependent care Excess shelter Medical Child support

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Percent

with

maximuma

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ....................................... 22,445 100.0 6,993 31.2 784 3.5 16,159 72.0 27.7 1,121 5.0 416 1.9

Household composition

 Children ................................ 9,789 100.0 5,110 52.2 783 8.0 7,669 78.4 40.6 114 1.2 200 2.0

 School-age .......................... 7,603 100.0 3,992 52.5 529 7.0 6,037 79.4 40.0 102 1.3 164 2.2

 Preschool-age ..................... 4,869 100.0 2,687 55.2 537 11.0 3,738 76.8 42.7 32 0.7 94 1.9

 No children ........................... 12,656 100.0 1,883 14.9 0 0.0 8,490 67.1 16.0 1,007 8.0 216 1.7

 Elderly individuals ............... 4,255 100.0 290 6.8 1 0.0 3,231 75.9 0.1 714 16.8 38 0.9

 No elderly individuals .......... 18,190 100.0 6,704 36.9 783 4.3 12,928 71.1 34.6 408 2.2 378 2.1

 Non-elderly individuals with

disabilities ......................... 4,579 100.0 504 11.0 58 1.3 3,659 79.9 0.1 431 9.4 129 2.8

 No non-elderly individuals

with disabilities ................ 17,865 100.0 6,489 36.3 726 4.1 12,500 70.0 35.8 690 3.9 287 1.6

Countable income source

 Gross income ........................ 17,526 100.0 6,993 39.9 772 4.4 14,210 81.1 24.5 1,120 6.4 396 2.3

 No gross income ................... 4,919 100.0 – – 12 0.2 1,949 39.6 50.8 1 0.0 20 0.4

 Net income ........................... 12,745 100.0 5,398 42.4 639 5.0 10,350 81.2 18.5 958 7.5 290 2.3

 No net income ...................... 9,111 100.0 1,590 17.4 144 1.6 5,809 63.8 44.1 163 1.8 126 1.4

 Not applicableb ..................... 589 100.0 6 1.0 – – – – – – – – –

 Earned income ...................... 7,016 100.0 6,993 99.7 728 10.4 5,839 83.2 41.3 97 1.4 226 3.2

 No earned income ................. 15,429 100.0 – – 56 0.4 10,320 66.9 20.0 1,024 6.6 190 1.2

 Unearned income .................. 12,646 100.0 2,119 16.8 308 2.4 10,118 80.0 15.9 1,113 8.8 239 1.9

 No unearned income ............. 9,799 100.0 4,874 49.7 475 4.9 6,041 61.7 47.4 8 0.1 178 1.8

 TANF income ....................... 1,362 100.0 307 22.6 27 2.0 1,119 82.1 37.7 8 0.6 4 0.3

 No TANF income ................. 21,083 100.0 6,686 31.7 757 3.6 15,041 71.3 26.9 1,113 5.3 413 2.0

 GA income ........................... 694 100.0 61 8.7 3 0.4 587 84.5 27.4 7 1.0 6 0.9

 No GA income ..................... 21,751 100.0 6,933 31.9 781 3.6 15,573 71.6 27.7 1,114 5.1 410 1.9

 SSI ........................................ 4,568 100.0 392 8.6 49 1.1 3,431 75.1 0.1 115 2.5 64 1.4

 No SSI .................................. 17,877 100.0 6,602 36.9 734 4.1 12,728 71.2 35.1 1,006 5.6 352 2.0

 Social Security income ......... 5,505 100.0 398 7.2 25 0.4 4,489 81.5 2.4 1,044 19.0 141 2.6

 No Social Security income ... 16,940 100.0 6,595 38.9 759 4.5 11,670 68.9 37.4 77 0.5 275 1.6

SNAP benefit

 Minimum benefit .................. 1,433 100.0 333 23.2 9 0.6 835 58.3 2.1 306 21.4 23 1.6

 Maximum benefit ................. 9,414 100.0 1,590 16.9 144 1.5 5,809 61.7 44.1 163 1.7 126 1.3

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Percentage of households with deduction that receive the maximum.

b Net income is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

– No sample households in this category.

46
Table A.10. Average values of deductions of participating households by household composition, countable income source, and SNAP

benefit amount

Household characteristic

Total

households

(000)

Average amount of deduction

(dollars)

Earned incomea Dependent careb Excess shelterc Medicalb Child supportc

All

households

With

deduction

All

households

With

deduction

All

households

With

deduction

All

households

With

deduction

All

households

With

deduction

Total ................................ 22,445 69 213 10 276 290 393 8 155 4 229

Household composition

 Children ......................... 9,789 125 240 22 276 298 380 2 137 5 250

 School-age ................... 7,603 130 247 19 268 302 379 2 138 6 258

 Preschool-age .............. 4,869 135 244 32 287 293 381 1 132 5 240

 No children .................... 12,656 22 140 0 17 284 404 13 157 4 210

 Elderly individuals ........ 4,255 11 151 0 184 350 428 29 160 2 163

 No elderly individuals ... 18,190 81 216 12 276 277 384 3 146 5 236

 Non-elderly individuals

with disabilities ......... 4,579 19 161 5 356 342 404 15 145 6 196

 No non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities ................. 17,865 81 217 11 270 277 389 6 161 4 244

Countable income

source

 Gross income ................. 17,526 89 213 13 277 327 390 10 155 5 226

 No gross income ............ 4,919 0 0 0 176 163 411 0 138 1 288

 Net income .................... 12,745 108 251 14 269 279 343 10 137 5 228

 No net income ............... 9,111 15 84 5 308 306 480 5 257 3 233

 Not applicabled .............. 589 75 295 00000000

 Earned income ............... 7,016 213 213 29 277 315 378 3 190 8 253

 No earned income ......... 15,429 0 0 1 266 279 401 11 151 3 201

 Unearned income .......... 12,646 33 187 8 308 332 395 14 155 4 209

 No unearned income ..... 9,799 112 225 12 255 239 388 0 170 5 256

 TANF income ............... 1,362 33 146 6 300 320 384 1 154 0 167

 No TANF income .......... 21,083 71 216 10 275 288 393 8 155 5 230

 GA income .................... 694 16 175 1 316 360 422 1 89 1 105

 No GA income .............. 21,751 70 214 10 276 288 391 8 155 5 231

 SSI ................................. 4,568 18 174 5 356 334 389 3 115 3 174

 No SSI ........................... 17,877 80 216 11 270 280 393 9 159 5 239

 Social Security income .. 5,505 10 134 1 298 348 408 31 155 5 186

 No Social Security

income ....................... 16,940 87 218 13 275 272 387 1 148 4 251

SNAP benefit

 Minimum benefit ........... 1,433 59 255 1 212 123 211 26 120 3 196

 Maximum benefit .......... 9,414 15 84 5 308 306 480 5 257 3 233

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determinations, 720,552 SSI-CAP households are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are

based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

b Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 720,552 SSI-CAP households are excluded from this column.

Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

c Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized

SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

d Net income is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

47
Table A.11. Distribution of participating households by selected household characteristics and amount of

deduction

Household characteristic

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly

individuals

Non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities

Countable earned

income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .................................................. 22,445 100.0 9,789 100.0 4,255 100.0 4,579 100.0 7,016 100.0

Total deduction

 $0-151a ............................................ 24 0.1 21 0.2 1 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1

 152 ............................................... 3,866 17.2 892 9.1 552 13.0 367 8.0 3 0.0

 153-200 ........................................... 913 4.1 474 4.8 127 3.0 198 4.3 182 2.6

 201-300 ........................................... 1,337 6.0 454 4.6 394 9.3 457 10.0 271 3.9

 301-400 ........................................... 1,538 6.9 585 6.0 442 10.4 532 11.6 391 5.6

 401-500 ........................................... 2,045 9.1 802 8.2 490 11.5 602 13.2 578 8.2

 501-600 ........................................... 2,366 10.5 988 10.1 484 11.4 518 11.3 728 10.4

 601-700 ........................................... 4,091 18.2 2,179 22.3 390 9.2 522 11.4 1,018 14.5

 701-800 ........................................... 1,930 8.6 1,056 10.8 344 8.1 385 8.4 1,282 18.3

 801-900 ........................................... 1,505 6.7 898 9.2 219 5.1 263 5.8 1,073 15.3

 901-1,000 ........................................ 877 3.9 569 5.8 145 3.4 176 3.8 605 8.6

 1,001+ ............................................. 1,387 6.2 867 8.9 362 8.5 298 6.5 875 12.5

 Not applicableb ................................ 565 2.5 2 0.0 304 7.2 261 5.7 6 0.1

Earned income deduction

 $0 ..................................................... 14,731 65.6 4,677 47.8 3,595 84.5 3,725 81.3 16 0.2

 1-50 ................................................. 800 3.6 358 3.7 67 1.6 132 2.9 800 11.4

 51-100 ............................................. 751 3.3 450 4.6 43 1.0 61 1.3 751 10.7

 101-150 ........................................... 974 4.3 645 6.6 55 1.3 79 1.7 974 13.9

 151-200 ........................................... 1,092 4.9 760 7.8 50 1.2 65 1.4 1,092 15.6

 201-250 ........................................... 943 4.2 710 7.3 24 0.6 59 1.3 943 13.4

 251-300 ........................................... 756 3.4 633 6.5 15 0.4 38 0.8 756 10.8

 301-350 ........................................... 583 2.6 511 5.2 13 0.3 34 0.7 583 8.3

 351-400 ........................................... 392 1.7 368 3.8 11 0.3 11 0.2 392 5.6

 401+ ................................................ 702 3.1 676 6.9 11 0.3 26 0.6 702 10.0

 Not applicablec ................................ 721 3.2 2 0.0 370 8.7 350 7.6 6 0.1

Dependent care deduction

 $0 ..................................................... 20,917 93.2 8,981 91.7 3,884 91.3 4,172 91.1 6,275 89.4

 1-50 ................................................. 83 0.4 83 0.8 0 0.0 6 0.1 70 1.0

 51-100 ............................................. 106 0.5 106 1.1 – – 3 0.1 97 1.4

 101-150 ........................................... 72 0.3 72 0.7 – – 4 0.1 67 1.0

 151-200 ........................................... 105 0.5 105 1.1 0 0.0 6 0.1 99 1.4

 201-250 ........................................... 77 0.3 77 0.8 – – 4 0.1 75 1.1

 251-300 ........................................... 58 0.3 58 0.6 0 0.0 5 0.1 58 0.8

 301-350 ........................................... 55 0.2 55 0.6 – – 5 0.1 51 0.7

 351-400 ........................................... 36 0.2 36 0.4 – – 2 0.0 34 0.5

 401+ ................................................ 192 0.9 192 2.0 – – 23 0.5 177 2.5

 Not applicabled ................................ 744 3.3 25 0.3 371 8.7 350 7.6 13 0.2

Medical deduction

 $0 ..................................................... 20,580 91.7 9,650 98.6 3,171 74.5 3,798 82.9 6,906 98.4

 1-50 ................................................. 109 0.5 9 0.1 55 1.3 57 1.2 10 0.1

 51-100 ............................................. 440 2.0 48 0.5 277 6.5 171 3.7 37 0.5

 101-150 ........................................... 200 0.9 26 0.3 113 2.7 91 2.0 17 0.2

 151-200 ........................................... 134 0.6 15 0.2 103 2.4 38 0.8 9 0.1

 201-250 ........................................... 90 0.4 5 0.0 67 1.6 25 0.5 7 0.1

 251-300 ........................................... 29 0.1 3 0.0 21 0.5 8 0.2 1 0.0

 301+ ................................................ 118 0.5 7 0.1 78 1.8 41 0.9 15 0.2

 Not applicabled ................................ 744 3.3 25 0.3 371 8.7 350 7.6 13 0.2

Child support deduction

 $0 ..................................................... 21,285 94.8 9,563 97.7 3,847 90.4 4,100 89.5 6,777 96.6

 1-50 ................................................. 62 0.3 21 0.2 8 0.2 25 0.5 21 0.3

 51-100 ............................................. 59 0.3 30 0.3 6 0.1 23 0.5 28 0.4

 101-150 ........................................... 45 0.2 18 0.2 9 0.2 13 0.3 21 0.3

 151-200 ........................................... 59 0.3 30 0.3 5 0.1 12 0.3 37 0.5

 201-250 ........................................... 37 0.2 15 0.2 2 0.0 13 0.3 18 0.3

 251-300 ........................................... 32 0.1 15 0.2 2 0.1 13 0.3 19 0.3

 301-350 ........................................... 39 0.2 23 0.2 1 0.0 8 0.2 30 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

48
Table A.11. Distribution of participating households by selected household characteristics and amount of

deduction — Continued

Household characteristic

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly

individuals

Non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities

Countable earned

income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Child support deduction

 351-400 ........................................... 23 0.1 9 0.1 3 0.1 7 0.2 12 0.2

 401+ ................................................ 60 0.3 38 0.4 2 0.0 13 0.3 40 0.6

 Not applicablee ................................ 744 3.3 25 0.3 371 8.7 350 7.6 13 0.2

Excess shelter deduction

 $0 ..................................................... 5,697 25.4 2,094 21.4 720 16.9 660 14.4 1,164 16.6

 1-50 ................................................. 693 3.1 291 3.0 140 3.3 164 3.6 200 2.9

 51-100 ............................................. 639 2.8 299 3.1 171 4.0 212 4.6 217 3.1

 101-150 ........................................... 730 3.3 353 3.6 196 4.6 223 4.9 280 4.0

 151-200 ........................................... 852 3.8 386 3.9 219 5.1 256 5.6 298 4.2

 201-250 ........................................... 917 4.1 392 4.0 234 5.5 264 5.8 322 4.6

 251-300 ........................................... 1,076 4.8 496 5.1 250 5.9 306 6.7 376 5.4

 301-350 ........................................... 1,207 5.4 529 5.4 247 5.8 306 6.7 415 5.9

 351-400 ........................................... 1,356 6.0 572 5.8 253 5.9 260 5.7 434 6.2

 401-477 ........................................... 1,810 8.1 804 8.2 366 8.6 388 8.5 630 9.0

 478 ................................................... 4,465 19.9 3,107 31.7 5 0.1 2 0.0 2,406 34.3

 479-500 ........................................... 190 0.8 40 0.4 86 2.0 105 2.3 19 0.3

 501-550 ........................................... 423 1.9 57 0.6 179 4.2 245 5.4 38 0.5

 551-600 ........................................... 363 1.6 63 0.6 167 3.9 194 4.2 41 0.6

 601+ ................................................ 1,437 6.4 280 2.9 720 16.9 732 16.0 163 2.3

 Not applicablee ................................ 589 2.6 25 0.3 305 7.2 261 5.7 13 0.2

 No deduction ................................... 5,697 25.4 2,094 21.4 720 16.9 660 14.4 1,164 16.6

 Deduction less than capf ................. 9,291 41.4 4,126 42.2 2,077 48.8 2,381 52.0 3,176 45.3

 Deduction equal to cap .................... 4,474 19.9 3,114 31.8 4 0.1 2 0.0 2,411 34.4

 Benefit less than maximum benefit 1,915 8.5 1,578 16.1 4 0.1 2 0.0 1,563 22.3

 Benefit equal to maximum benefit 2,559 11.4 1,535 15.7 – – – – 848 12.1

 Deduction greater than cap ............. 2,394 10.7 430 4.4 1,149 27.0 1,275 27.8 252 3.6

 Not applicablee ................................ 589 2.6 25 0.3 305 7.2 261 5.7 13 0.2

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a This row contains MFIP households, which do not receive a standard deduction, and households in the Virgin Islands, which

receive a standard deduction of $134 for one-, two-person households, and $135 for three-person households.

b Deductions are not used in the benefit determinations of SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

c This deduction is not used in the benefit determinations of SSI-CAP households.

d This deduction is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households.

e This deduction is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized

SSI-CAP benefits.

f Households without elderly or disabled members are subject to a cap on their excess shelter deduction.

– No sample households in this category.

49
Table A.12. Distribution of participating households by selected household characteristics and SNAP benefit amount, SNAP benefit as a percen

and certification period

Household characteristic

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly individuals

Non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities

Countab

inco

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Total ......................................................................................... 22,445 100.0 9,789 100.0 4,255 100.0 4,579 100.0 7,016 SNAP benefit Minimum benefit or lessa ....................................................... 1,456 6.5 133 1.4 746 17.5 472 10.3 344 

 Greater than the minimum-$50 ............................................... 936 4.2 105 1.1 373 8.8 401 8.8 186  51-100 ..................................................................................... 1,775 7.9 279 2.8 721 17.0 700 15.3 394  101-188 ................................................................................... 3,390 15.1 794 8.1 1,054 24.8 1,216 26.6 1,099  189 .......................................................................................... 5,346 23.8 297 3.0 874 20.5 465 10.2 721  190-300 ................................................................................... 2,229 9.9 1,430 14.6 250 5.9 433 9.5 1,155  301-400 ................................................................................... 3,184 14.2 2,717 27.8 163 3.8 403 8.8 1,319  401-500 ................................................................................... 1,980 8.8 1,900 19.4 36 0.8 223 4.9 872  501-600 ................................................................................... 678 3.0 669 6.8 10 0.2 114 2.5 382  601+ ........................................................................................ 1,471 6.6 1,463 14.9 28 0.6 152 3.3 543 Benefit as a percentage of the maximum Minimum ................................................................................ 1,433 6.4 118 1.2 741 17.4 460 10.1 334  < 25%b .................................................................................... 1,392 6.2 526 5.4 417 9.8 540 11.8 510 

 25-50% .................................................................................... 2,908 13.0 1,366 14.0 778 18.3 936 20.4 1,283  51-75% .................................................................................... 3,451 15.4 1,897 19.4 716 16.8 1,055 23.0 1,625  76-99% .................................................................................... 3,846 17.1 2,380 24.3 531 12.5 895 19.6 1,661  Maximum ................................................................................ 9,414 41.9 3,501 35.8 1,073 25.2 693 15.1 1,602 Months in certification period Averagec .................................................................................. 13 – 10 – 19 – 17 – 10  Mediand ................................................................................... 12 – 12 – 12 – 12 – 12  1-5 ............................................................................................ 386 1.7 216 2.2 21 0.5 40 0.9 148  6 ............................................................................................... 6,004 26.8 3,544 36.2 338 7.9 618 13.5 2,552  7-11 .......................................................................................... 536 2.4 302 3.1 48 1.1 82 1.8 169  12 ............................................................................................. 11,673 52.0 5,496 56.1 1,821 42.8 2,233 48.8 3,968  13-23 ........................................................................................ 207 0.9 72 0.7 52 1.2 58 1.3 50  24 ............................................................................................. 2,515 11.2 135 1.4 1,346 31.6 1,108 24.2 113  25-35 ........................................................................................ 72 0.3 7 0.1 35 0.8 38 0.8 2  36 ............................................................................................. 633 2.8 10 0.1 360 8.5 234 5.1 2  37+ ........................................................................................... 398 1.8 0 0.0 234 5.5 164 3.6 3  Unknown .................................................................................. 21 0.1 7 0.1 1 0.0 5 0.1 8 

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a The minimum benefit, applicable to one- and two-person households, is equal to 8 percent of the maximum benefit for single-person households. See Table C.6 for the 

values.

b Does not include households with the minimum benefit.

c Average number of months in certification period. Percent not applicable in this row.

d Median number of months in certification period. Percent not applicable in this row.

– Not applicable.

50
Table A.13. Distribution of participating households by type of most recent action and expedited

service

Most recent action and expedited

service

Total households Entrants Other households

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ................................................ 22,445 100.0 872 100.0 21,573 100.0

Initial certification ........................... 8,513 37.9 872 100.0 7,641 35.4

 Eligible for and receiving

expedited service ....................... 2,610 11.6 429 49.2 2,181 10.1

 Eligible for but did not receive

expedited service ....................... 638 2.8 56 6.5 582 2.7

 Not eligible for expedited service 5,264 23.5 386 44.3 4,878 22.6

Recertification ................................. 13,932 62.1 – – 13,932 64.6

 Eligible for and receiving

expedited service ....................... 171 0.8 – – 171 0.8

 Eligible for but did not receive

expedited service ....................... 51 0.2 – – 51 0.2

 Not eligible for expedited service 13,710 61.1 – – 13,710 63.6

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

– By definition these are mutually exclusive categories.

51
Table A.14. Distribution of participating households, individuals, and benefits by household composition

Household composition

SNAP households

Participants in households

with household

characteristic

Monthly SNAP benefits

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Dollars

(000)

Percent

Totala ............................................................................. 22,445 100.0 45,874 100.0 5,689,647 100.0

Children, elderly individuals, or individuals with

disabilites ................................................................ 16,970 75.6 39,858 86.9 4,677,230 82.2

Childrenb ...................................................................... 9,789 43.6 31,609 68.9 3,817,969 67.1

 Single-adult household ................................................. 5,591 24.9 16,448 35.9 2,093,882 36.8

 Male adult ................................................................. 454 2.0 1,198 2.6 158,551 2.8

 Female adult .............................................................. 5,137 22.9 15,250 33.2 1,935,331 34.0

 Multiple-adult household ............................................. 2,834 12.6 12,144 26.5 1,294,839 22.8

 Married-head household ........................................... 1,788 8.0 7,826 17.1 810,746 14.2

 Other multiple-adult household ................................ 1,047 4.7 4,318 9.4 484,093 8.5

 Children only ............................................................... 1,363 6.1 3,017 6.6 429,247 7.5

Elderly individuals ....................................................... 4,255 19.0 5,359 11.7 548,607 9.6

 Living alone ................................................................. 3,473 15.5 3,473 7.6 382,681 6.7

 Living with only elderly individuals ............................ 360 1.6 721 1.6 57,744 1.0

 Living with at least one non-elderly individual ........... 422 1.9 1,165 2.5 108,182 1.9

Non-elderly individuals with disabilities .................... 4,579 20.4 8,681 18.9 858,511 15.1

 Living alone ................................................................. 2,760 12.3 2,760 6.0 298,210 5.2

 Not living alone ............................................................ 1,819 8.1 5,921 12.9 560,302 9.8

Other householdsc ........................................................ 5,475 24.4 6,016 13.1 1,012,418 17.8

 Single-person household .............................................. 5,028 22.4 5,028 11.0 876,782 15.4

 Multiperson household ................................................. 447 2.0 988 2.2 135,636 2.4

Adults age 18 to 49 without disabilities in childless

householdsd ............................................................. 4,333 19.3 5,189 11.3 829,307 14.6

 Single-person household .............................................. 3,670 16.3 3,670 8.0 638,734 11.2

 Multiperson household ................................................. 663 3.0 1,519 3.3 190,573 3.3

Single-person households ............................................ 11,670 52.0 11,670 25.4 1,630,265 28.7

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household may have more than one of the characteristics in the

table.

b Individuals with missing age were assigned child or adult status based on their relationship to the household head.

c Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or non-elderly individuals with disabilities.

d With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and a time limit. 

52
Table A.15. Average gross countable income as a percentage of poverty guideline, gross and net countable income, total deduction,

SNAP benefit, household size, and certification period of participating households by household composition

Household composition

Total households Average values

Number

(000)

Percent

Gross

countable

income as a

percentage

of poverty

guideline

(percent)

Gross

countable

income

(dollars)

Net

countable

income

(dollars)a

Total

deduction

(dollars)b

SNAP

benefit

(dollars)

Household

size

(individuals)

Certification

period

(months)

Totalc ........................................................... 22,445 100.0 57.8 759 335 538 253 2.0 12.9

Children, elderly individuals, or

individuals with disabilities ................. 16,970 75.6 68.3 921 420 584 276 2.3 13.9

Childrend .................................................... 9,789 43.6 56.0 965 449 615 390 3.2 9.8

 Single-adult household ............................... 5,591 24.9 52.6 841 373 571 375 2.9 9.9

 Male adult ............................................... 454 2.0 50.4 765 319 572 349 2.6 10.1

 Female adult ............................................ 5,137 22.9 52.8 847 378 570 377 3.0 9.9

 Multiple-adult household ........................... 2,834 12.6 65.1 1,336 715 698 457 4.3 9.7

 Married-head household ......................... 1,788 8.0 68.5 1,426 768 733 454 4.4 9.6

 Other multiple-adult household .............. 1,047 4.7 59.4 1,184 624 639 463 4.1 9.9

 Children only ............................................. 1,363 6.1 51.2 706 207 621 315 2.2 9.4

Elderly individuals ..................................... 4,255 19.0 83.7 876 407 544 129 1.3 19.5

 Living alone ............................................... 3,473 15.5 82.5 791 332 530 110 1.0 20.6

 Living with only elderly individuals .......... 360 1.6 99.0 1,282 711 609 160 2.0 17.5

 Living with at least one non-elderly

individual ............................................... 422 1.9 80.8 1,228 705 595 256 2.8 11.7

Non-elderly individuals with disabilities .. 4,579 20.4 82.4 1,006 501 543 187 1.9 16.7

 Living alone ............................................... 2,760 12.3 86.3 828 322 532 108 1.0 20.1

 Not living alone .......................................... 1,819 8.1 76.5 1,277 746 559 308 3.3 11.5

Other householdse ...................................... 5,475 24.4 25.3 259 83 400 185 1.1 9.8

 Single-person household ............................ 5,028 22.4 23.1 221 66 384 174 1.0 9.9

 Multiperson household ............................... 447 2.0 50.3 687 271 572 304 2.2 9.6

Adults age 18 to 49 without disabilities in

childless householdsf ............................ 4,333 19.3 28.7 314 113 410 191 1.2 9.8

 Single-person household ............................ 3,670 16.3 23.1 221 66 380 174 1.0 9.7

 Multiperson household ............................... 663 3.0 59.5 828 368 575 287 2.3 10.3

Single-person households .......................... 11,670 52.0 56.4 542 199 466 140 1.0 15.5

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized

SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households

column.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determinations, 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits are

excluded from this column. Thus, the average values are based on fewer households than the number shown in the Total Households column.

c The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household may have more than one of the characteristics in the table.

d Individuals with missing age were assigned child or adult status based on their relationship to the household head.

e Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or non-elderly individuals with disabilities.

f With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and a time limit. 

53
Table A.16. Distribution of participating households by countable income type and household composition

Household composition

Total households Countable income type

Number

(000)

Percent

Earned income Zero gross

income TANF income GA income SSI Social Securityincome

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totala ......................................... 22,445 100.0 7,016 100.0 4,919 100.0 1,362 100.0 694 100.0 4,568 100.0 5,505 100.0

Children, elderly individuals,

or individuals with

disabilities ........................... 16,970 75.6 5,568 79.4 1,680 34.2 1,321 96.9 390 56.2 4,568 100.0 5,444 98.9

Childrenb .................................. 9,789 43.6 5,113 72.9 1,376 28.0 1,313 96.4 142 20.5 1,125 24.6 871 15.8

 Single-adult household ............. 5,591 24.9 2,327 33.2 963 19.6 877 64.4 92 13.2 681 14.9 528 9.6

 Male adult ............................. 454 2.0 168 2.4 111 2.3 75 5.5 10 1.4 48 1.0 68 1.2

 Female adult .......................... 5,137 22.9 2,159 30.8 852 17.3 803 58.9 82 11.8 633 13.9 460 8.4

 Multiple-adult household ......... 2,834 12.6 1,817 25.9 285 5.8 247 18.1 33 4.8 385 8.4 332 6.0

 Married-head household ....... 1,788 8.0 1,236 17.6 178 3.6 124 9.1 18 2.6 185 4.1 177 3.2

 Other multiple-adult

household ............................. 1,047 4.7 581 8.3 107 2.2 123 9.0 15 2.2 200 4.4 154 2.8

 Children only ........................... 1,363 6.1 969 13.8 128 2.6 188 13.8 18 2.5 60 1.3 11 0.2

Elderly individuals ................... 4,255 19.0 291 4.2 308 6.3 37 2.7 159 22.9 1,556 34.1 2,914 52.9

 Living alone ............................. 3,473 15.5 162 2.3 288 5.8 1 0.1 127 18.3 1,263 27.6 2,379 43.2

 Living with only elderly

individuals ............................ 360 1.6 38 0.5 8 0.2 0 0.0 19 2.7 136 3.0 262 4.8

 Living with at least one

non-elderly individual .......... 422 1.9 92 1.3 12 0.2 35 2.6 14 1.9 157 3.4 274 5.0

Non-elderly individuals with

disabilities ........................... 4,579 20.4 518 7.4 0 0.0 245 18.0 152 22.0 3,101 67.9 2,354 42.8

 Living alone ............................. 2,760 12.3 144 2.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 79 11.4 1,734 37.9 1,561 28.4

 Not living alone ........................ 1,819 8.1 373 5.3 – – 244 17.9 73 10.5 1,367 29.9 793 14.4

Other householdsc .................... 5,475 24.4 1,448 20.6 3,239 65.8 42 3.1 304 43.8 0 0.0 60 1.1

 Single-person household .......... 5,028 22.4 1,208 17.2 3,107 63.2 32 2.3 288 41.5 0 0.0 44 0.8

 Multiperson household ............. 447 2.0 240 3.4 131 2.7 10 0.7 16 2.4 – – 16 0.3

Adults age 18 to 49 without

disabilities in childless

householdsd ......................... 4,333 19.3 1,183 16.9 2,416 49.1 43 3.2 206 29.7 138 3.0 194 3.5

 Single-person household .......... 3,670 16.3 916 13.0 2,290 46.6 30 2.2 188 27.1 0 0.0 24 0.4

 Multiperson household ............. 663 3.0 268 3.8 126 2.6 14 1.0 18 2.6 138 3.0 171 3.1

Single-person households ........ 11,670 52.0 1,779 25.4 3,447 70.1 99 7.3 504 72.6 2,998 65.6 3,989 72.5

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household may have more than one of the characteristics in the table.

b Individuals with missing age were assigned child or adult status based on their relationship to the household head.

c Households not containing children, elderly individuals, or non-elderly individuals with disabilities.

d With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and a time limit. 

– No sample households in this category.

54
Table A.17. Distribution of participating households with children, elderly individuals, and non-elderly individuals with disabilities by

selected characteristics

Household characteristic

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children School-age

children

Preschool-age

children

Elderly

individuals

Non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ............................................................ 22,445 100.0 9,789 100.0 7,603 100.0 4,869 100.0 4,255 100.0 4,579 100.0

Household composition

 Children ...................................................... 9,789 43.6 9,789 100.0 7,603 100.0 4,869 100.0 190 4.5 1,376 30.1

 School-age ................................................ 7,603 33.9 7,603 77.7 7,603 100.0 2,684 55.1 173 4.1 1,211 26.4

 Preschool-age ........................................... 4,869 21.7 4,869 49.7 2,684 35.3 4,869 100.0 32 0.8 500 10.9

 Elderly individuals ..................................... 4,255 19.0 190 1.9 173 2.3 32 0.7 4,255 100.0 128 2.8

 Non-elderly individuals with disabilities ... 4,579 20.4 1,376 14.1 1,211 15.9 500 10.3 128 3.0 4,579 100.0

Countable income source and resources

 Gross income ............................................. 17,526 78.1 8,412 85.9 6,656 87.5 4,121 84.6 3,947 92.8 4,579 100.0

 No gross income ........................................ 4,919 21.9 1,376 14.1 947 12.5 748 15.4 308 7.2 0 0.0

 Net income ................................................. 12,745 56.8 6,264 64.0 5,091 67.0 3,025 62.1 3,034 71.3 3,772 82.4

 No net income ............................................ 9,111 40.6 3,500 35.8 2,495 32.8 1,831 37.6 917 21.6 546 11.9

 Not applicablea ........................................... 589 2.6 25 0.3 17 0.2 13 0.3 305 7.2 261 5.7

 Earned income ........................................... 7,016 31.3 5,113 52.2 3,993 52.5 2,689 55.2 291 6.8 518 11.3

 Unearned income ....................................... 12,646 56.3 4,970 50.8 4,062 53.4 2,258 46.4 3,817 89.7 4,577 99.9

 TANF income ............................................ 1,362 6.1 1,313 13.4 950 12.5 699 14.4 37 0.9 245 5.4

 GA income ................................................. 694 3.1 142 1.5 119 1.6 57 1.2 159 3.7 152 3.3

 SSI .............................................................. 4,568 20.4 1,125 11.5 999 13.1 406 8.3 1,556 36.6 3,101 67.7

 Social Security income .............................. 5,505 24.5 871 8.9 780 10.3 276 5.7 2,914 68.5 2,354 51.4

 Countable resources ................................... 1,141 5.1 570 5.8 449 5.9 279 5.7 270 6.3 250 5.5

Deductions

 Total deduction .......................................... 21,862 97.4 9,770 99.8 7,590 99.8 4,861 99.8 3,951 92.8 4,318 94.3

 Standard deduction ..................................... 21,856 97.4 9,764 99.7 7,587 99.8 4,856 99.7 3,951 92.8 4,318 94.3

 Earned income deduction ........................... 6,993 31.2 5,110 52.2 3,992 52.5 2,687 55.2 290 6.8 504 11.0

 Dependent care deduction .......................... 784 3.5 783 8.0 529 7.0 537 11.0 1 0.0 58 1.3

 Excess shelter deduction ............................ 16,159 72.0 7,669 78.4 6,037 79.4 3,738 76.8 3,231 75.9 3,659 79.9

 Medical deduction ...................................... 1,121 5.0 114 1.2 102 1.3 32 0.7 714 16.8 431 9.4

 Child support deduction ............................. 416 1.9 200 2.0 164 2.2 94 1.9 38 0.9 129 2.8

SNAP benefit

 Minimum benefit or lessb .......................... 1,456 6.5 133 1.4 100 1.3 40 0.8 746 17.5 472 10.3

 Greater than the minimum-$100 ................ 2,710 12.1 384 3.9 307 4.0 126 2.6 1,095 25.7 1,102 24.1

 101-200 ...................................................... 9,409 41.9 1,244 12.7 882 11.6 526 10.8 2,029 47.7 1,774 38.7

 201-300 ...................................................... 1,557 6.9 1,278 13.1 969 12.7 577 11.8 149 3.5 340 7.4

 301+ ........................................................... 7,312 32.6 6,750 69.0 5,346 70.3 3,601 74.0 236 5.6 892 19.5

 Minimum benefit ....................................... 1,433 6.4 118 1.2 85 1.1 37 0.8 741 17.4 460 10.1

 Maximum benefit ....................................... 9,414 41.9 3,501 35.8 2,497 32.8 1,831 37.6 1,073 25.2 693 15.1

Household size

 1 .................................................................. 11,670 52.0 416 4.2 245 3.2 171 3.5 3,473 81.6 2,760 60.3

 2 .................................................................. 4,221 18.8 2,995 30.6 1,874 24.6 1,341 27.5 617 14.5 736 16.1

 3 .................................................................. 3,020 13.5 2,870 29.3 2,234 29.4 1,383 28.4 88 2.1 450 9.8

 4 .................................................................. 1,927 8.6 1,905 19.5 1,685 22.2 987 20.3 39 0.9 315 6.9

 5 .................................................................. 1,006 4.5 1,002 10.2 968 12.7 584 12.0 16 0.4 175 3.8

 6+ ............................................................... 602 2.7 602 6.1 598 7.9 403 8.3 23 0.5 144 3.1

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Net income is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

b The minimum benefit, applicable to one- and two-person households, is equal to 8 percent of the maximum benefit for single-person households. See Table C.6

for the fiscal year 2014 minimum benefit values.

55
Table A.18. Average values of selected characteristics for participating households with children, elderly individuals,

and non-elderly individuals with disabilities

Household characteristic Average

values

Average values for households with:

Children School-age

children

Preschool-age

children

Elderly

individuals

Non-elderly

individuals

with

disabilities

Countable income (dollars)

 Gross income ........................................ 759 965 1,025 955 876 1,006

 Net incomea .......................................... 335 449 495 427 407 501

 Earned income ...................................... 332 628 650 674 51 89

 Unearned income .................................. 427 338 376 282 825 917

 TANF income ....................................... 23 52 49 58 2 17

 GA income ............................................ 7 5 6 4 8 4

 SSI ......................................................... 120 88 103 65 179 440

 Social Security income ......................... 201 68 79 42 583 413

Countable income as a percentage of

poverty guideline (percent)

 Gross income ......................................... 57.8 56.0 57.3 53.6 83.7 82.4

 Net incomea ........................................... 23.5 24.8 26.5 22.5 35.0 35.7

Deductions (dollars)

 Total deductionb ..................................... 538 615 622 629 544 543

 Earned income deduction

 All householdsc .................................. 69 125 130 135 11 19

 Households with deduction ................ 213 240 247 244 151 161

 Dependent care deduction

 All householdsd .................................. 10 22 19 32 0 5

 Households with deduction ................ 276 276 268 287 184 356

 Excess shelter deduction

 All householdse .................................. 290 298 302 293 350 342

 Households with deduction ................ 393 380 379 381 428 404

 Medical deduction

 All householdsd .................................. 8 2 2 1 29 15

 Households with deduction ................ 155 137 138 132 160 145

 Child support deduction

 All householdse .................................. 4 5 6 5 2 6

 Households with deduction ................ 229 250 258 240 163 196

SNAP benefit (dollars) ............................... 253 390 407 420 129 187

Household size (individuals) ...................... 2.0 3.2 3.4 3.4 1.3 1.9

Certification period (months) ................... 12.9 9.8 9.8 9.6 19.5 16.7

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households are excluded

from this category.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 565,481 SSI-CAP households are excluded from this category.

c Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 720,552 SSI-CAP households are excluded from this category.

d Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 23,481 MFIP households and 720,552 SSI-CAP households are

excluded from this category.

e Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households are

excluded from this category.

56
Table A.19. Distribution of participating households with countable earned and unearned income by selected characteristics

Household characteristic

Total households Countable income type

Number

(000)

Percent

 Earned income Unearned income TANF income GA income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total .................................................................... 22,445 100.0 7,016 100.0 12,646 100.0 1,362 100.0 694 100.0

Household composition

 Children ............................................................. 9,789 43.6 5,113 72.9 4,970 39.3 1,313 96.4 142 20.5

 School-age ....................................................... 7,603 33.9 3,993 56.9 4,062 32.1 950 69.7 119 17.2

 Preschool-age .................................................. 4,869 21.7 2,689 38.3 2,258 17.9 699 51.3 57 8.2

 Elderly individuals ............................................ 4,255 19.0 291 4.2 3,817 30.2 37 2.7 159 22.9

 Non-elderly individuals with disabilities .......... 4,579 20.4 518 7.4 4,577 36.2 245 18.0 152 22.0

Countable income source

 Gross income ..................................................... 17,526 78.1 7,016 100.0 12,646 100.0 1,362 100.0 694 100.0

 No gross incomea .............................................. 4,919 21.9 – – – – – – – –

 Net income ........................................................ 12,745 56.8 5,405 77.0 9,225 72.9 826 60.6 318 45.8

 No net income ................................................... 9,111 40.6 1,597 22.8 2,835 22.4 517 37.9 369 53.2

 Not applicableb .................................................. 589 2.6 13 0.2 587 4.6 20 1.4 7 0.9

 Earned income ................................................... 7,016 31.3 7,016 100.0 2,136 16.9 308 22.6 61 8.8

 Unearned income .............................................. 12,646 56.3 2,136 30.4 12,646 100.0 1,362 100.0 694 100.0

 TANF income ................................................... 1,362 6.1 308 4.4 1,362 10.8 1,362 100.0 9 1.3

 GA income ........................................................ 694 3.1 61 0.9 694 5.5 9 0.7 694 100.0

 SSI ..................................................................... 4,568 20.4 405 5.8 4,568 36.1 234 17.2 205 29.6

 Social Security income ...................................... 5,505 24.5 407 5.8 5,505 43.5 100 7.3 119 17.2

Deductions

 Total deduction ................................................. 21,862 97.4 7,009 99.9 12,064 95.4 1,346 98.8 688 99.1

 Standard deduction ............................................ 21,856 97.4 7,003 99.8 12,060 95.4 1,343 98.6 687 99.1

 Earned income deduction .................................. 6,993 31.2 6,993 99.7 2,119 16.8 307 22.6 61 8.7

 Dependent care deduction ................................. 784 3.5 728 10.4 308 2.4 27 2.0 3 0.4

 Excess shelter deduction ................................... 16,159 72.0 5,839 83.2 10,118 80.0 1,119 82.1 587 84.5

 Medical deduction ............................................. 1,121 5.0 97 1.4 1,113 8.8 8 0.6 7 1.0

 Child support deduction .................................... 416 1.9 226 3.2 239 1.9 4 0.3 6 0.9

SNAP benefit

 Minimum benefit or lessc .................................. 1,456 6.5 344 4.9 1,284 10.2 8 0.6 26 3.8

 Greater than the minimum-$100 ....................... 2,710 12.1 580 8.3 2,353 18.6 31 2.3 64 9.3

 101-200 ............................................................. 9,409 41.9 1,985 28.3 4,476 35.4 159 11.7 448 64.5

 201-300 ............................................................. 1,557 6.9 990 14.1 900 7.1 134 9.8 34 4.9

 301+ .................................................................. 7,312 32.6 3,117 44.4 3,632 28.7 1,030 75.6 121 17.4

 Minimum benefit ............................................... 1,433 6.4 334 4.8 1,266 10.0 5 0.4 26 3.8

 Maximum benefit .............................................. 9,414 41.9 1,602 22.8 3,138 24.8 517 37.9 376 54.1

Household size

 1 ......................................................................... 11,670 52.0 1,779 25.4 6,791 53.7 99 7.3 504 72.6

 2 ......................................................................... 4,221 18.8 1,649 23.5 2,374 18.8 478 35.1 96 13.9

 3 ......................................................................... 3,020 13.5 1,531 21.8 1,623 12.8 390 28.7 40 5.8

 4 ......................................................................... 1,927 8.6 1,070 15.3 1,021 8.1 220 16.2 26 3.7

 5 ......................................................................... 1,006 4.5 621 8.9 506 4.0 98 7.2 17 2.5

 6+ ...................................................................... 602 2.7 366 5.2 331 2.6 77 5.6 10 1.5

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Some States allow child support expenses to be subtracted before gross income is calculated. As a result, it is possible to have countable income

but no gross income.

b Net income is not used in the benefit determinations of MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

c The minimum benefit, applicable to one- and two-person households, is equal to 8 percent of the maximum benefit for single-person households.

See Table C.6 for the fiscal year 2014 minimum benefit values.

– No sample households in this category.

57
Table A.20. Average values of selected characteristics for participating households with countable

earned and unearned income

Household characteristic Average

values

Average values for households with countable:

Earned

income

Unearned

income TANF income GA income

Countable income (dollars)

 Gross income ......................................... 759 1,221 914 737 594

 Net incomea ........................................... 335 544 424 292 212

 Earned income ....................................... 332 1,064 157 164 76

 Unearned income ................................... 427 158 758 573 517

 TANF income ........................................ 23 14 41 383 4

 GA income ............................................. 7 2 12 1 225

 SSI .......................................................... 120 36 213 129 175

 Social Security income .......................... 201 42 357 37 98

Countable income as a percentage of

poverty guideline (percent)

 Gross income ......................................... 57.8 78.9 74.0 44.7 49.6

 Net incomea ........................................... 23.5 32.9 30.9 16.0 15.4

Deductions (dollars)

 Total deductionb ..................................... 538 728 547 516 537

 Earned income deduction

 All householdsc .................................. 69 213 33 33 16

 Households with deduction ................ 213 213 187 146 175

 Dependent care deduction

 All householdsd .................................. 10 29 8 6 1

 Households with deduction ................ 276 277 308 300 316

 Excess shelter deduction

 All householdse .................................. 290 315 332 320 360

 Households with deduction ................ 393 378 395 384 422

 Medical deduction

 All householdsd .................................. 8 3 14 1 1

 Households with deduction ................ 155 190 155 154 89

 Child support deduction

 All householdse .................................. 4 8 4 0 1

 Households with deduction ................ 229 253 209 167 105

SNAP benefit (dollars) ............................... 253 298 225 407 215

Household size (individuals) ...................... 2.0 2.8 2.0 3.0 1.6

Certification period (months) ................... 12.9 9.8 15.3 10.9 13.7

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP

households are excluded from this category.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 565,481 SSI-CAP households are excluded from this

category.

c Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 720,552 SSI-CAP households are excluded from this

category.

d Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 23,481 MFIP households and 720,552 SSI-CAP

households are excluded from this category.

e Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determination, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP

households are excluded from this category.

58
Table A.21. Distribution of participating households with selected household characteristics by race/Hispanic status of household

head

Characteristic

Total households Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent

Children Elderly

individuals

Non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities

Countable earned

income

Countable TANF

income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ..................................................... 22,445 100.0 9,789 100.0 4,255 100.0 4,579 100.0 7,016 100.0 1,362 100.0

Race and Hispanic statusa of

household head

 White, not Hispanic ............................ 8,940 39.8 3,300 33.7 1,776 41.7 2,148 46.9 2,512 35.8 357 26.2

 African American, not Hispanic ......... 5,717 25.5 2,306 23.6 909 21.4 1,290 28.2 1,489 21.2 405 29.7

 Hispanic, any race ............................... 2,448 10.9 1,098 11.2 591 13.9 311 6.8 827 11.8 214 15.7

 Asian, not Hispanic ............................. 550 2.4 206 2.1 233 5.5 53 1.2 174 2.5 31 2.2

 Native American, not Hispanic ........... 229 1.0 104 1.1 32 0.8 39 0.9 58 0.8 17 1.2

 Multiple races reported,

 not Hispanic ....................................... 159 0.7 67 0.7 47 1.1 41 0.9 55 0.8 12 0.9

 Race unknown .................................... 2,838 12.6 1,185 12.1 659 15.5 630 13.8 802 11.4 115 8.4

Nonparticipating household headb .... 1,565 7.0 1,522 15.5 9 0.2 67 1.5 1,098 15.7 213 15.6

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Codes to allow reporting of multiple races were implemented beginning in April 2007. We have grouped the codes together to form general race and

ethnicity categories. “White, not Hispanic” includes “white, not Hispanic or Latino”; “African American, not Hispanic” includes “black or African American,

not Hispanic or Latino” and “(black or African American) and white”; “Hispanic, any race” includes “Hispanic” and “(Hispanic or Latino) with any race or

race combination”; “Asian, not Hispanic” includes “Asian,” “Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander,” and “Asian and white”; “Native American, not

Hispanic” includes “American Indian or Alaska Native,” “(American Indian or Alaska Native) and white,” and “(American Indian or Alaska Native) and

(black or African American)”; “Multiple races reported, not Hispanic” includes individuals who reported more than one race and who do not fit into any

previously mentioned value; and “Race unknown” includes “Racial/ethnic data not available” and “Racial/ethnic data not recorded.” Reporting of race and

ethnicity is now voluntary and was missing for 16 percent of participants in fiscal year 2014. As a result, fiscal year 2014 race and ethnicity distributions are

not comparable to distributions for years prior to fiscal year 2007. 

b This category includes some households with no household head and no adult listed on the file.

59
Table A.22. Distribution of participating households by presence of a household member with selected characteristics

Characteristic

Total households Average value Households with:

Number

(000)

Percent SNAP benefit

(dollars)

Children Elderly individuals

Non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities

Co

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Num

(00

Total ......................................................................................... 22,445 100.0 253 9,789 100.0 4,255 100.0 4,579 100.0 7,Citizenship U.S.-born citizen ..................................................................... 20,792 92.6 259 9,625 98.3 3,214 75.5 4,436 96.9 6, Naturalized citizen .................................................................. 1,384 6.2 252 489 5.0 707 16.6 137 3.0  Refugee ................................................................................... 164 0.7 339 87 0.9 16 0.4 14 0.3  Other noncitizen ...................................................................... 1,200 5.3 295 552 5.6 431 10.1 100 2.2  Citizen children living with participating noncitizen adults .................................................................. 483 2.2 447 483 4.9 25 0.6 42 0.9  Citizen children living with nonparticipating noncitizen adults ....................................... 1,421 6.3 334 1,421 14.5 9 0.2 49 1.1 1, Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

60
Table A.23. Gender and SNAP benefits of participants by selected demographic characteristics

Participant characteristic

Total participants Female participants Male participants Prorated benefitsb

Number

(000)

Percenta Number

(000)

Percenta Number

(000)

Percenta Dollars

(000)

Percent

Total ..................................................... 45,874 100.0 25,762 56.2 20,112 43.8 5,689,647 100.0

Age

Child ..................................................... 20,271 44.2 9,895 21.6 10,376 22.6 2,474,569 43.5

 Preschool-age (4 or younger) .............. 6,369 13.9 3,085 6.7 3,283 7.2 819,069 14.4

 School-age (5 to 17) ............................ 13,902 30.3 6,810 14.8 7,093 15.5 1,655,501 29.1

Non-elderly adult .................................. 20,952 45.7 12,922 28.2 8,030 17.5 2,733,337 48.0

 18 to 35 ............................................... 10,475 22.8 6,826 14.9 3,648 8.0 1,391,301 24.5

 36 to 59 ............................................... 10,477 22.8 6,095 13.3 4,382 9.6 1,342,036 23.6

Elderly individual (60 or older) ............ 4,651 10.1 2,945 6.4 1,705 3.7 481,674 8.5

Unknown age ........................................ 0 0.0 0 0.0 – – 67 0.0

Citizenship

 U.S.-born citizen ................................. 42,258 92.1 23,594 51.4 18,664 40.7 5,229,372 91.9

 Naturalized citizen .............................. 1,715 3.7 1,094 2.4 621 1.4 213,921 3.8

 Refugee ............................................... 356 0.8 175 0.4 181 0.4 43,510 0.8

 Other noncitizen .................................. 1,545 3.4 899 2.0 646 1.4 202,844 3.6

Citizen children living with

noncitizen adultsc .......................... 4,133 9.0 2,061 4.5 2,073 4.5 545,167 9.6

Non-elderly individuals with

disabilities ...................................... 5,467 11.9 2,966 6.5 2,501 5.5 537,236 9.4

 Children with disabilities .................... 1,006 2.2 398 0.9 608 1.3 90,267 1.6

 Non-elderly adults with disabilities .... 4,461 9.7 2,568 5.6 1,893 4.1 446,970 7.9

Adults age 18 to 49 without

disabilities in childless

householdsd .................................... 4,721 10.3 2,102 4.6 2,619 5.7 775,692 13.6

Race and Hispanic statuse

 White, not Hispanic ............................ 17,271 37.6 9,657 21.1 7,614 16.6 2,085,860 36.7

 African American, not Hispanic ......... 11,699 25.5 6,804 14.8 4,894 10.7 1,483,977 26.1

 Hispanic, any race ............................... 7,525 16.4 4,122 9.0 3,403 7.4 987,772 17.4

 Asian, not Hispanic ............................. 1,292 2.8 724 1.6 568 1.2 172,945 3.0

 Native American, not Hispanic ........... 546 1.2 296 0.6 251 0.5 69,847 1.2

 Multiple races reported, not Hispanic 381 0.8 216 0.5 165 0.4 48,887 0.9

 Race unknown .................................... 7,160 15.6 3,944 8.6 3,216 7.0 840,360 14.8

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Percent of all participants.

b Prorated benefits equal the benefits paid to households multiplied by the ratio of participants with selected characteristic to total household size.

c Noncitizens may be inside or outside the SNAP unit.

d With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and a time limit. 

e Codes to allow reporting of multiple races were implemented beginning in April 2007. We have grouped the codes together to form general race and

ethnicity categories. “White, not Hispanic” includes “white, not Hispanic or Latino”; “African American, not Hispanic” includes “black or African

American, not Hispanic or Latino” and “(black or African American) and white”; “Hispanic, any race” includes “Hispanic” and “(Hispanic or Latino) with

any race or race combination”; “Asian, not Hispanic” includes “Asian,” “Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander,” and “Asian and white”; “Native

American, not Hispanic” includes “American Indian or Alaska Native,” “(American Indian or Alaska Native) and white,” and “(American Indian or

Alaska Native) and (black or African American)”; “Multiple races reported, not Hispanic” includes individuals who reported more than one race and who

do not fit into any previously mentioned value; and “Race unknown” includes “Racial/ethnic data not available” and “Racial/ethnic data not recorded.”

Reporting of race and ethnicity is now voluntary and was missing for 16 percent of participants in fiscal year 2014. As a result, fiscal year 2014 race and

ethnicity distributions are not comparable to distributions for years prior to fiscal year 2007. 

– No sample participants in this category.

61
Table A.24. Distribution of participants by Thrifty Food Plan sex-age groups and household size

Participant characteristic

Household size

Total

(000) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8+

Total ....................................... 45,874 11,670 8,442 9,059 7,709 5,028 2,286 979 701

Children under age 12

1 or younger ....................... 2,407 72 548 696 513 320 152 55 51

2 to 3 years ......................... 2,601 75 593 706 586 352 165 74 52

4 to 5 years ......................... 2,647 49 536 686 628 439 178 72 60

6 to 8 years ......................... 3,936 77 606 1,007 952 699 349 152 95

9 to 11 years ....................... 3,375 55 441 813 875 642 315 129 105

Females .................................. 25,762 6,153 5,240 5,353 4,320 2,641 1,192 506 358

 1 or younger ....................... 1,137 40 257 327 241 139 76 28 29

 2 to 3 years ......................... 1,258 30 278 366 282 155 83 39 27

 4 to 5 years ......................... 1,317 29 256 342 328 209 90 36 28

 6 to 8 years ......................... 1,925 37 320 497 461 329 154 81 47

 9 to 11 years ....................... 1,654 22 216 417 439 303 154 54 49

 12 to 13 years ..................... 957 21 125 233 265 166 88 36 25

 14 to 18 years ..................... 1,957 76 332 464 470 325 151 85 53

 19 to 50 years ..................... 10,503 2,232 2,472 2,468 1,743 973 380 142 93

 51 to 70 years ..................... 3,735 2,559 798 224 87 38 15 6 7

 71 and older ........................ 1,319 1,105 188 16 4 4 10 0

Males ...................................... 20,112 5,517 3,202 3,706 3,389 2,387 1,095 473 342

 1 or younger ....................... 1,270 32 291 369 272 181 77 27 21

 2 to 3 years ......................... 1,343 45 315 340 305 197 82 35 25

 4 to 5 years ......................... 1,330 20 280 345 300 230 88 37 31

 6 to 8 years ......................... 2,011 40 287 510 490 370 195 72 48

 9 to 11 years ....................... 1,721 32 225 396 437 339 160 75 56

 12 to 13 years ..................... 991 11 112 257 237 187 100 53 34

 14 to 18 years ..................... 2,020 40 338 566 493 302 140 77 64

 19 to 50 years ..................... 5,998 2,931 630 770 768 529 227 88 55

 51 to 70 years ..................... 2,824 2,020 487 141 86 50 25 9 8

 71 and older ........................ 604 346 239 12 2 1 2 1–

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

– No sample households in this category.

62
Table A.25. Distribution of household heads, all participants, and non-elderly adult participants by work registration status and

employment status

Employment/work registration status

Household heads All participants Non-elderly adult participants

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Total ................................................................................................ 22,445 100.0 45,874 100.0 20,952 100.0

Work registration status

Work registrant ................................................................................ 5,463 24.3 7,288 15.9 6,951 33.2

 Mandatory Employment and Training program participant .......... 2,322 10.3 2,970 6.5 2,944 14.1

 Voluntary Employment and Training program participant ........... 204 0.9 257 0.6 249 1.2

 Not Employment and Training program participant ...................... 2,938 13.1 4,061 8.9 3,758 17.9

Exempt ............................................................................................. 15,411 68.7 38,566 84.1 13,996 66.8

 For disability .................................................................................. 5,924 26.4 7,050 15.4 4,641 22.2

 For reason other than disability ...................................................... 9,487 42.3 31,517 68.7 9,354 44.6

Nonregistrant, should have registered .............................................. – – 1 0.0 1 0.0

Nonparticipating household heada ................................................... 1,565 7.0 – – – –

Unknown .......................................................................................... 7 0.0 18 0.0 4 0.0

Employment and Training program status

Total participating in Employment and Training programb ............ 2,254 10.0 5,310 11.6 2,765 13.2

Not participating in Employment and Training program ................ 18,622 83.0 40,556 88.4 18,184 86.8

Nonparticipating household heada ................................................... 1,565 7.0 – – – –

Unknown .......................................................................................... 4 0.0 8 0.0 3 0.0

Employment status

Total employed ................................................................................ 5,077 22.6 6,380 13.9 6,114 29.2

 Self-employed, farming ................................................................. 8 0.0 16 0.0 14 0.1

 Self-employed, nonfarming ........................................................... 536 2.4 713 1.6 656 3.1

 Migrant farm labor ......................................................................... 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

 Non-migrant farm labor ................................................................. 2 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0

 Active-duty military service .......................................................... 2 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0

 Employed by other ......................................................................... 4,528 20.2 5,644 12.3 5,439 26.0

Unemployed and looking for work .................................................. 4,601 20.5 5,969 13.0 5,781 27.6

Not in labor force and not looking for work .................................... 11,201 49.9 33,522 73.1 9,055 43.2

Nonparticipating household heada ................................................... 1,565 7.0 – – – –

Unknown .......................................................................................... 2 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Household heads who are not participating with the household. Some household heads in this category are ineligible for SNAP or are in separate SNAP

units not included in the SNAP QC sample. This category also includes some households with no adult listed on the file.

b Employment and Training may be provided through SNAP or another program.

– Not applicable.

63
Table A.26. Comparison of participating households with key SNAP household characteristics for fiscal years 1989 to 2014

Total households 

(000)

Percentage of households with:

Time period

Zero gross 

income

Zero net 

incomea

Minimum 

benefit

Elderly 

individuals Children

Non-elderly 

individuals 

with 

disabilitiesb

AFDCc

/ 

TANF Earnings SSI

Any 

noncitizen

Fiscal year 1989......... 7,217 7.1 18.3 7.5 19.3 60.4 9.1 41.9 19.6 20.6 9.8

Fiscal year 1990......... 7,811 7.4 19.3 5.0 18.1 60.3 8.9 42.0 19.0 19.6 10.3

Fiscal year 1991......... 8,863 8.3 20.5 4.1 16.5 60.4 9.0 40.5 19.8 18.6 11.8

Fiscal year 1992......... 10,059 9.6 21.9 3.6 15.4 62.2 9.5 39.5 20.2 18.4 10.4

Fiscal year 1993......... 10,791 9.7 23.7 4.0 15.5 62.1 10.7 39.4 20.6 19.4 11.6

Fiscal year 1994......... 11,091 10.2 23.8 4.5 15.8 61.1 12.5 38.1 21.4 21.4 10.7

Fiscal year 1995......... 10,883 9.7 25.0 4.3 16.0 59.7 18.9 38.3 21.4 22.6 10.7

Fiscal year 1996......... 10,552 10.2 24.9 4.5 16.2 59.5 20.2 36.6 22.5 24.1 10.5

Fiscal year 1997......... 9,452 9.2 22.7 6.6 17.6 58.3 22.3 34.6 24.2 26.5 8.4

Fiscal year 1998......... 8,246 8.8 20.8 8.3 18.2 58.3 24.4 31.4 26.3 28.1 4.3

Fiscal year 1999......... 7,670 8.5 20.6 9.7 20.1 55.7 26.4 27.3 26.8 30.2 6.0

Fiscal year 2000......... 7,335 8.4 20.1 10.9 21.0 53.9 27.5 25.8 27.2 31.7 6.4

Fiscal year 2001......... 7,450 9.4 22.2 11.2 20.4 53.6 27.7 23.1 27.0 31.8 5.4

Fiscal year 2002......... 8,201 10.5 24.3 10.7 18.7 54.1 27.0 20.9 28.0 29.5 5.2

Fiscal year 2003......... 8,971 12.7 27.7 7.0 17.1 55.1 22.1 17.2 27.5 26.3 5.4

Fiscal year 2004......... 10,069 13.1 29.7 5.9 17.3 54.3 22.7 16.2 28.5 26.8 6.2

Fiscal year 2005......... 10,852 13.7 30.0 5.2 17.1 53.7 23.0 14.5 29.1 26.4 6.2

Fiscal year 2006......... 11,313 14.1 31.0 6.2 17.9 52.0 23.1 13.0 29.5 26.8 6.1

Fiscal year 2007......... 11,561 14.7 31.4 6.6 17.8 51.0 23.8 12.1 29.6 27.7 5.7

Fiscal year 2008......... 12,464 16.2 33.6 6.7 18.5 50.6 22.6 10.6 28.9 26.2 5.6

Fiscal year 2009......... 14,981 17.6 36.0 4.1 16.6 49.9 21.2 9.7 29.4 23.6 5.9

Fiscal year 2010......... 18,369 19.7 38.3 3.8 15.5 48.7 19.8 8.0 29.9 20.9 5.9

Fiscal year 2011......... 20,803 20.0 39.4 4.2 16.5 47.1 20.2 7.6 30.5 20.2 5.8

Fiscal year 2012......... 22,046 20.5 38.4 4.8 17.2 45.3 20.0 7.1 31.3 20.2 5.7

Fiscal year 2013......... 22,802 21.5 39.4 5.2 17.4 44.8 20.3 6.5 31.2 19.9 5.8

Fiscal year 2014......... 22,445 21.9 40.6 6.4 19.0 43.6 20.4 6.1 31.3 20.4 6.1

Source: Fiscal Years 1989 to 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control samples.

Note: Fiscal year analysis files were not developed for the years before 1989. The fiscal year 2003 through fiscal year 2014 estimates differ methodologically from estimates for earlier years and, in 

some cases, from estimates presented in reports prior to 2009. Under the current methodology, the weighting of the SNAP QC data reflects adjustments to FNS' Program Operations counts of 

households to account for receipt of benefits in error or for disaster assistance. In addition, the weighted SNAP QC data match adjusted Program Operations counts of households, individuals, 

and benefit amounts. Beginning with the fiscal year 2009 report, we also incorporated corrected SNAP Program Operations data from Missouri for every fiscal year from 2003 to 2008. 

a

Beginning in 2004, net income is not calculated for MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits.

b

The substantial increase in 1995 and decrease in 2003 are in part a result of changes in the definition of a household with an individual with a disability. Prior to 1995, these households were defined as those 

with SSI and no members over age 59. In 1995, that definition changed to households with at least one member under age 65 who received SSI, or at least one member age 18 to 61 who received Social 

Security, veterans’ benefits, or other government benefits as a result of a disability. Due to changes in the SNAP QC data in 2003, the definition changed again, to households with individuals under the age of 

60 with SSI income, a medical expense deduction and without an elderly person, or with a non-elderly adult who worked fewer than 30 hours a week and received Social Security, veterans’ benefits, or 

workers’ compensation.

c

Aid to Families with Dependent Children.

64
Table A.27. Comparison of average nominal and real values of key SNAP household characteristics for fiscal years 1989 to 2014

Gross income

(dollars)

Net income

(dollars)a

Total deduction 

(dollars)b

SNAP benefit

(dollars) Gross income as a 

percentage of poverty 

guidelines

(percent)

Household size

Time period (individuals)

Nominal 

value

Real

valuec

Nominal

value

Real

valuec

Nominal

value

Real

valuec

Nominal

value

Real

valued

Fiscal year 1989.................... 442 841 247 470 216 411 132 252 60 2.6

Fiscal year 1990.................... 453 818 251 453 225 406 150 269 59 2.6

Fiscal year 1991.................... 464 804 253 438 235 407 162 283 58 2.6

Fiscal year 1992.................... 478 804 258 434 250 421 170 295 57 2.6

Fiscal year 1993.................... 490 800 258 421 262 428 170 288 56 2.6

Fiscal year 1994.................... 507 807 268 427 272 433 168 277 57 2.5

Fiscal year 1995.................... 514 796 265 410 283 438 172 274 56 2.5

Fiscal year 1996.................... 528 794 275 414 287 432 174 268 57 2.5

Fiscal year 1997.................... 558 821 299 440 291 428 169 254 58 2.4

Fiscal year 1998.................... 584 846 321 465 294 426 165 243 60 2.4

Fiscal year 1999.................... 603 854 338 479 299 424 162 234 62 2.4

Fiscal year 2000.................... 620 850 355 487 298 408 158 223 63 2.3

Fiscal year 2001.................... 624 832 353 470 311 414 163 223 62 2.3

Fiscal year 2002.................... 633 835 355 468 324 427 173 234 61 2.3

Fiscal year 2003.................... 608 780 317 407 346 444 192 254 57 2.3

Fiscal year 2004.................... 634 792 312 390 382 477 197 251 58 2.3

Fiscal year 2005.................... 644 778 316 382 390 471 209 261 58 2.3

Fiscal year 2006.................... 668 782 323 378 410 480 208 256 59 2.3

Fiscal year 2007.................... 684 779 325 370 430 489 212 250 59 2.2

Fiscal year 2008.................... 693 760 329 361 441 483 222 246 58 2.2

Fiscal year 2009.................... 711 782 329 362 471 518 272 300 58 2.2

Fiscal year 2010.................... 731 791 336 364 491 531 287 316 57 2.2

Fiscal year 2011.................... 744 787 338 358 508 537 281 299 59 2.1

Fiscal year 2012.................... 755 780 343 354 512 529 274 282 60 2.1

Fiscal year 2013.................... 758 770 344 350 522 530 271 276 59 2.1

Fiscal year 2014.................... 759 759 335 335 538 538 253 253 58 2.0

Sources: CPI-U values: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Nominal values: Fiscal Years 1989 to 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control samples.

Note: The fiscal year 2003 through fiscal year 2014 estimates differ methodologically from estimates for earlier years and, in some cases, from estimates presented in reports prior to 2009. Under the 

current methodology, the weighting of the SNAP QC data reflects adjustments to FNS' Program Operations counts of households to account for receipt of benefits in error or for disaster 

assistance. In addition, the weighted SNAP QC data match adjusted Program Operations counts of households, individuals, and benefit amounts. Beginning with the fiscal year 2009 report, we 

also incorporated corrected SNAP Program Operations data from Missouri for every fiscal year from 2003 to 2008.

a

Beginning in 2004, net income is not calculated for MFIP households or SSI-CAP households in States with standardized SSI-CAP benefit amounts. 

b

Some of the change in average total deductions and average net income between 2003 and 2004 may be attributable to two changes in the SNAP QC datafile development process. First, we revised the way 

certain deductions are calculated to correct for inconsistencies and data entry errors. Second, given that deductions are not used in their benefit determination, SSI-CAP participants in States that use standardized 

SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from the average total deduction calculation beginning in 2004. 

c

Real values are in constant 2014 dollars adjusted by changes in the CPI-U for all items.

d

Real values are in constant 2014 dollars adjusted by changes in the CPI-U for food at home.

65
Table A.28. Comparison of number of SNAP participants by gender and age for fiscal years 1989 to 2014

Time period

Total

participants

(000)

Female 

participants

(000)

Male 

participants 

(000)

Children

(age 0 to 17)

(000)

Non-elderly 

adults

(age 18 to 59)

(000)

Elderly 

individuals

(age 60 or older)

(000)

Fiscal year 1989 ................. 18,956 11,334 7,612 9,447 7,623 1,562

Fiscal year 1990 ................. 20,440 12,169 8,265 10,143 8,245 1,574

Fiscal year 1991 ................. 22,988 13,679 9,300 11,967 9,397 1,624

Fiscal year 1992 ................. 25,775 15,204 10,566 13,368 10,700 1,703

Fiscal year 1993 ................. 27,595 16,276 11,316 14,213 11,499 1,870

Fiscal year 1994 ................. 28,009 16,453 11,552 14,410 11,615 1,955

Fiscal year 1995 ................. 26,955 16,025 10,926 13,883 11,118 1,923

Fiscal year 1996 ................. 25,926 15,373 10,549 13,214 10,783 1,895

Fiscal year 1997 ................. 23,117 13,880 9,233 11,871 9,385 1,834

Fiscal year 1998 ................. 19,969 11,967 7,926 10,546 7,772 1,637

Fiscal year 1999 ................. 18,149 10,878 7,226 9,354 7,090 1,699

Fiscal year 2000 ................. 17,091 10,198 6,891 8,765 6,623 1,702

Fiscal year 2001 ................. 17,297 10,347 6,949 8,841 6,789 1,660

Fiscal year 2002 ................. 19,041 11,269 7,769 9,712 7,636 1,687

Fiscal year 2003 ................. 20,764 12,211 8,552 10,554 8,516 1,691

Fiscal year 2004 ................. 23,279 13,697 9,573 11,635 9,720 1,920

Fiscal year 2005 ................. 24,794 14,656 10,132 12,363 10,383 2,046

Fiscal year 2006 ................. 25,472 14,957 10,515 12,514 10,732 2,227

Fiscal year 2007 ................. 25,775 15,120 10,655 12,605 10,909 2,261

Fiscal year 2008 ................. 27,607 16,151 11,456 13,359 11,732 2,515

Fiscal year 2009 ................. 32,889 18,854 14,035 15,617 14,543 2,728

Fiscal year 2010 ................. 39,759 22,405 17,354 18,516 18,121 3,122

Fiscal year 2011 ................. 44,148 24,936 19,212 19,926 20,452 3,770

Fiscal year 2012 ................. 46,022 25,945 20,076 20,500 21,367 4,154

Fiscal year 2013 ................. 47,098 26,447 20,651 20,889 21,845 4,365

Fiscal year 2014 ................. 45,874 25,762 20,112 20,271 20,952 4,651

Source: Fiscal Years 1989 to 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control samples.

Notes: The fiscal year 2003 through fiscal year 2014 estimates differ methodologically from estimates for earlier years and, in some cases, from 

estimates presented in reports prior to 2009. Under the current methodology, the weighting of the SNAP QC data reflects adjustments to 

FNS' Program Operations counts of households to account for receipt of benefits in error or for disaster assistance. In addition, the weighted 

SNAP QC data match adjusted Program Operations counts of households, individuals, and benefit amounts. Beginning with the fiscal year 

2009 report, we also incorporated corrected SNAP Program Operations data from Missouri for every fiscal year from 2003 to 2008. 

Additionally, beginning with the fiscal year 2014 report, we used revised versions of the fiscal year 2007 through fiscal year 2012 SNAP 

QC datafiles that better reflect State BBCE and vehicle rules and newly identify non-elderly individuals with a disability, similar to the 

fiscal year 2013 and 2014 SNAP QC files. As a result, totals for these years may vary slightly from those printed in the fiscal year reports.

The number of participants by gender and age do not sum to the total number of SNAP participants in certain years because some individuals 

have missing or unknown gender or age and are excluded from those columns.

66
APPENDIX B

DETAILED TABLES OF SNAP HOUSEHOLDS BY STATE
This page has been left blank for double-sided copying.
Table B.1. Distribution of participating households, individuals, and benefits by State

State

SNAP households Participants in households Monthly SNAP benefits

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Dollars

(000)

Percent

Totala ..................................... 22,445 100.0 45,874 100.0 5,689,647 100.0

Alabama ................................. 415 1.9 893 1.9 109,003 1.9

Alaska .................................... 37 0.2 87 0.2 14,431 0.3

Arizona ................................... 440 2.0 1,011 2.2 119,298 2.1

Arkansas ................................. 216 1.0 476 1.0 53,026 0.9

California ............................... 1,990 8.9 4,256 9.3 600,114 10.5

Colorado ................................. 230 1.0 497 1.1 62,331 1.1

Connecticut ............................ 239 1.1 428 0.9 55,854 1.0

Delaware ................................ 71 0.3 149 0.3 17,952 0.3

District of Columbia .............. 79 0.4 140 0.3 17,590 0.3

Florida .................................... 1,921 8.6 3,526 7.7 451,839 7.9

Georgia ................................... 824 3.7 1,784 3.9 226,579 4.0

Guam ...................................... 15 0.1 46 0.1 8,770 0.2

Hawaii .................................... 98 0.4 191 0.4 42,459 0.7

Idaho ...................................... 89 0.4 208 0.5 23,974 0.4

Illinois .................................... 998 4.4 1,954 4.3 256,561 4.5

Indiana .................................... 398 1.8 877 1.9 105,816 1.9

Iowa ........................................ 191 0.9 405 0.9 42,980 0.8

Kansas .................................... 133 0.6 293 0.6 32,700 0.6

Kentucky ................................ 389 1.7 803 1.8 93,609 1.6

Louisiana ................................ 395 1.8 874 1.9 106,467 1.9

Maine ..................................... 122 0.5 229 0.5 26,103 0.5

Maryland ................................ 402 1.8 779 1.7 92,297 1.6

Massachusetts ........................ 483 2.2 853 1.9 102,062 1.8

Michigan ................................ 867 3.9 1,664 3.6 210,338 3.7

Minnesota ............................... 255 1.1 521 1.1 53,829 0.9

Mississippi ............................. 302 1.3 655 1.4 75,226 1.3

Missouri ................................. 402 1.8 853 1.9 101,418 1.8

Montana ................................. 57 0.3 121 0.3 14,312 0.3

Nebraska ................................ 76 0.3 172 0.4 19,530 0.3

Nevada ................................... 185 0.8 375 0.8 42,258 0.7

New Hampshire ..................... 53 0.2 108 0.2 11,308 0.2

New Jersey ............................. 437 1.9 874 1.9 106,906 1.9

New Mexico ........................... 191 0.8 426 0.9 49,970 0.9

New York ............................... 1,661 7.4 3,039 6.6 417,172 7.3

North Carolina ....................... 755 3.4 1,555 3.4 192,818 3.4

North Dakota .......................... 25 0.1 53 0.1 6,233 0.1

Ohio ........................................ 843 3.8 1,732 3.8 207,927 3.7

Oklahoma ............................... 270 1.2 592 1.3 69,241 1.2

Oregon .................................... 444 2.0 782 1.7 91,866 1.6

Pennsylvania .......................... 886 3.9 1,782 3.9 208,957 3.7

Rhode Island .......................... 99 0.4 174 0.4 22,225 0.4

South Carolina ....................... 393 1.8 832 1.8 101,252 1.8

South Dakota .......................... 44 0.2 99 0.2 12,303 0.2

Tennessee ............................... 647 2.9 1,303 2.8 160,771 2.8

Texas ...................................... 1,601 7.1 3,838 8.4 442,369 7.8

Utah ........................................ 90 0.4 227 0.5 25,957 0.5

Vermont ................................. 48 0.2 92 0.2 10,651 0.2

Virgin Islands ......................... 12 0.1 28 0.1 4,504 0.1

Virginia .................................. 442 2.0 914 2.0 107,855 1.9

Washington ............................ 581 2.6 1,085 2.4 127,982 2.2

West Virginia ......................... 173 0.8 354 0.8 37,956 0.7

Wisconsin ............................... 417 1.9 831 1.8 90,741 1.6

Wyoming ................................ 15 0.1 35 0.1 3,955 0.1

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

69
Table B.2. Average values of selected characteristics by State

State

Average values

Gross countable

income as a

percentage of

poverty

guideline

(percent)

Gross

countable

income

(dollars)

Net

countable

income

(dollars)a

Total

deduction

(dollars)b

SNAP

benefit

(dollars)

Household

size

(individuals)

Certification

period

(months)

Total ...................................... 57.8 759 335 538 253 2.0 12.9

Alabama ................................. 51.9 692 341 442 262 2.1 14.9

Alaska .................................... 52.3 943 486 614 392 2.4 7.2

Arizona ................................... 54.8 783 389 482 271 2.3 10.1

Arkansas ................................. 52.4 727 422 366 246 2.2 17.6

California ............................... 44.5 622 211 610 302 2.1 12.4

Colorado ................................. 57.7 779 313 562 271 2.2 11.5

Connecticut ............................ 68.4 850 268 720 234 1.8 15.9

Delaware ................................ 60.2 811 366 545 254 2.1 13.8

District of Columbia .............. 50.0 604 333 438 222 1.8 14.5

Florida .................................... 52.8 673 276 502 235 1.8 8.7

Georgia ................................... 50.0 673 316 450 275 2.2 7.5

Guam ...................................... 54.5 934 474 588 582 3.1 12.0

Hawaii .................................... 55.4 852 468 459 435 2.0 11.6

Idaho ...................................... 63.1 886 404 577 270 2.3 10.3

Illinois .................................... 50.7 641 266 471 257 2.0 12.4

Indiana .................................... 52.9 727 353 466 266 2.2 11.6

Iowa ........................................ 65.2 870 481 467 225 2.1 7.3

Kansas .................................... 61.5 825 415 484 247 2.2 13.6

Kentucky ................................ 49.7 664 372 377 241 2.1 12.4

Louisiana ................................ 53.4 720 343 448 270 2.2 16.2

Maine ..................................... 77.1 959 400 638 214 1.9 12.0

Maryland ................................ 63.2 811 369 539 230 1.9 8.6

Massachusetts ........................ 76.3 926 331 693 211 1.8 18.2

Michigan ................................ 62.3 795 300 701 243 1.9 15.3

Minnesota ............................... 66.0 872 495 471 211 2.0 12.9

Mississippi ............................. 50.0 679 381 363 249 2.2 18.7

Missouri ................................. 54.7 726 356 450 252 2.1 16.6

Montana ................................. 58.8 779 357 523 250 2.1 15.3

Nebraska ................................ 60.6 837 406 525 256 2.3 13.4

Nevada ................................... 59.8 790 431 431 228 2.0 7.7

New Hampshire ..................... 79.6 1,048 464 671 215 2.1 7.1

New Jersey ............................. 70.0 897 338 699 245 2.0 15.3

New Mexico ........................... 52.9 742 375 455 262 2.2 15.4

New York ............................... 73.4 884 279 765 251 1.8 20.7

North Carolina ....................... 53.4 691 343 453 255 2.1 8.3

North Dakota .......................... 72.4 944 373 664 252 2.1 7.8

Ohio ........................................ 60.3 770 361 504 247 2.1 11.9

Oklahoma ............................... 52.3 702 380 414 256 2.2 15.2

Oregon .................................... 64.7 816 357 557 207 1.8 12.0

Pennsylvania .......................... 69.0 890 383 668 236 2.0 16.2

Rhode Island .......................... 69.2 842 279 742 224 1.8 16.0

South Carolina ....................... 48.9 651 330 393 257 2.1 8.1

South Dakota .......................... 61.4 840 328 625 282 2.3 13.8

Tennessee ............................... 48.6 631 322 381 248 2.0 11.9

Texas ...................................... 56.2 826 417 489 276 2.4 11.9

Utah ........................................ 55.8 839 427 506 290 2.5 7.3

Vermont ................................. 91.5 1,155 370 916 221 1.9 14.6

Virgin Islands ......................... 51.1 703 403 353 363 2.2 7.1

Virginia .................................. 53.1 718 366 430 244 2.1 13.3

Washington ............................ 62.3 805 353 617 220 1.9 15.2

West Virginia ......................... 59.5 772 451 398 219 2.0 14.0

Wisconsin ............................... 74.8 961 454 647 217 2.0 11.6

Wyoming ................................ 57.6 829 423 500 267 2.4 10.5

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because net income is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use

standardized SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this column.

b Because deductions are not used in their benefit determinations, 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSI-CAP

benefits are excluded from this column. 

70
Table B.3. Distribution of participating households by poverty status and by State

State Number

(000)

Gross countable income as a percentage of the poverty guideline

Zero gross income 1% to 50% 51% to 100% 101% or more

Number

(000)

Row percent Number

(000)

Row percent Number

(000)

Row percent Number

(000)

Row percent

Totala ..................................... 22,445 4,919 21.9 4,755 21.2 9,088 40.5 3,684 16.4

Alabama ................................. 415 96 23.2 93 22.3 181 43.6 45 10.9

Alaska .................................... 37 9 24.1 9 25.7 13 36.0 5 14.2

Arizona ................................... 440 104 23.7 101 23.1 159 36.1 76 17.2

Arkansas ................................. 216 47 21.8 46 21.5 100 46.2 23 10.5

California ............................... 1,990 489 24.6 794 39.9 496 24.9 211 10.6

Colorado ................................. 230 39 16.8 56 24.4 102 44.3 33 14.5

Connecticut ............................ 239 43 18.2 45 19.0 90 37.9 59 24.9

Delaware ................................ 71 14 19.4 18 25.6 23 33.0 16 22.0

District of Columbia .............. 79 27 33.8 17 21.0 25 31.1 11 14.2

Florida .................................... 1,921 575 30.0 298 15.5 771 40.2 276 14.4

Georgia ................................... 824 247 30.0 167 20.3 301 36.5 109 13.2

Guam ...................................... 15 3 17.0 5 34.9 4 27.3 3 20.9

Hawaii .................................... 98 17 17.9 25 25.7 42 43.4 13 12.9

Idaho ...................................... 89 13 14.4 17 19.1 44 49.5 15 17.0

Illinois .................................... 998 299 29.9 186 18.6 383 38.4 130 13.1

Indiana .................................... 398 90 22.6 89 22.3 168 42.3 51 12.8

Iowa ........................................ 191 35 18.4 36 19.0 77 40.1 43 22.5

Kansas .................................... 133 24 18.4 20 15.3 68 51.2 20 15.1

Kentucky ................................ 389 101 25.8 83 21.3 167 42.8 39 10.1

Louisiana ................................ 395 77 19.5 93 23.5 183 46.2 42 10.7

Maine ..................................... 122 16 13.4 14 11.4 58 47.5 34 27.7

Maryland ................................ 402 82 20.5 85 21.1 146 36.4 88 22.0

Massachusetts ........................ 483 61 12.6 77 15.9 217 44.8 129 26.7

Michigan ................................ 867 195 22.4 137 15.8 355 40.9 180 20.8

Minnesota ............................... 255 24 9.5 65 25.6 111 43.7 54 21.2

Mississippi ............................. 302 74 24.4 63 21.0 139 46.2 25 8.4

Missouri ................................. 402 91 22.7 77 19.2 184 45.8 49 12.3

Montana ................................. 57 13 22.3 10 17.9 24 42.0 10 17.7

Nebraska ................................ 76 12 16.4 15 19.9 36 47.2 13 16.5

Nevada ................................... 185 42 22.7 40 21.3 67 35.9 37 20.1

New Hampshire ..................... 53 5 9.7 6 12.1 26 48.9 15 29.4

New Jersey ............................. 437 41 9.4 99 22.6 198 45.4 99 22.6

New Mexico ........................... 191 38 20.1 48 25.1 83 43.8 21 11.0

New York ............................... 1,661 158 9.5 311 18.7 862 51.9 329 19.8

North Carolina ....................... 755 217 28.8 155 20.5 249 33.0 134 17.8

North Dakota .......................... 25 3 10.8 5 19.6 11 44.2 6 25.4

Ohio ........................................ 843 156 18.4 156 18.5 398 47.2 134 15.9

Oklahoma ............................... 270 61 22.5 61 22.6 119 43.9 30 11.0

Oregon .................................... 444 102 23.0 77 17.2 157 35.5 108 24.3

Pennsylvania .......................... 886 145 16.3 141 16.0 391 44.2 209 23.5

Rhode Island .......................... 99 18 18.7 13 13.3 43 43.2 25 24.8

South Carolina ....................... 393 95 24.2 101 25.8 159 40.5 37 9.5

South Dakota .......................... 44 9 19.9 8 17.5 19 44.5 8 18.1

Tennessee ............................... 647 179 27.7 132 20.4 266 41.1 70 10.8

Texas ...................................... 1,601 372 23.3 336 21.0 641 40.1 252 15.7

Utah ........................................ 90 19 20.9 19 21.5 39 43.4 13 14.2

Vermont ................................. 48 3 6.5 6 12.3 19 39.4 20 41.7

Virgin Islands ......................... 12 2 13.7 5 40.7 3 26.2 2 19.4

Virginia .................................. 442 94 21.3 104 23.7 187 42.4 56 12.6

Washington ............................ 581 134 23.0 100 17.1 226 38.8 122 21.0

West Virginia ......................... 173 31 18.1 32 18.3 88 50.5 23 13.1

Wisconsin ............................... 417 74 17.8 56 13.4 161 38.5 127 30.3

Wyoming ................................ 15 3 20.6 3 19.4 7 45.4 2 14.5

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

71
Table B.4. Distribution of participating households by shelter-related characteristics and by State

State 

Households with shelter

deduction

Households at the shelter

cap Average

monthly

shelter

expense

(dollars)

Average

monthly

shelter

expense

among

households

with expense

(dollars)

Average

shelter

deductiona

(dollars)

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 16,159 72.0 4,474 19.9 610 748 393

Alabama ................................. 287 69.0 42 10.2 464 598 308

Alaska .................................... 23 63.7 3 8.5 568 697 405

Arizona ................................... 278 63.2 73 16.6 507 695 333

Arkansas ................................. 113 52.3 12 5.6 364 517 247

California ............................... 1,850 92.9 770 38.7 709 743 410

Colorado ................................. 179 77.7 53 23.2 655 792 404

Connecticut ............................ 196 82.1 88 36.9 925 1,120 569

Delaware ................................ 48 68.5 16 22.5 620 822 404

District of Columbia .............. 62 78.3 5 6.9 454 493 303

Florida .................................... 1,308 68.1 344 17.9 543 761 391

Georgia ................................... 485 58.9 100 12.1 447 664 344

Guam ...................................... 6 42.2 1 4.1 294 471 251

Hawaii .................................... 49 50.5 5 4.6 388 558 286

Idaho ...................................... 72 80.9 17 19.2 638 722 361

Illinois .................................... 642 64.3 138 13.8 491 694 375

Indiana .................................... 265 66.5 51 12.8 498 664 343

Iowa ........................................ 125 65.1 24 12.7 494 602 300

Kansas .................................... 96 72.2 14 10.6 517 603 306

Kentucky ................................ 223 57.4 21 5.5 375 525 270

Louisiana ................................ 258 65.3 37 9.3 455 595 301

Maine ..................................... 100 81.6 26 21.4 837 957 496

Maryland ................................ 286 71.2 77 19.2 609 747 369

Massachusetts ........................ 414 85.8 122 25.2 882 997 521

Michigan ................................ 801 92.4 363 41.8 818 838 469

Minnesota ............................... 161 63.1 29 11.2 528 715 348

Mississippi ............................. 142 47.1 16 5.3 344 478 254

Missouri ................................. 252 62.8 33 8.2 442 599 311

Montana ................................. 40 69.7 10 17.2 568 722 385

Nebraska ................................ 57 75.3 14 18.3 602 703 360

Nevada ................................... 109 58.9 18 9.7 472 681 321

New Hampshire ..................... 45 86.4 13 24.7 880 930 461

New Jersey ............................. 422 96.6 121 27.8 871 874 463

New Mexico ........................... 114 59.8 24 12.8 457 597 325

New York ............................... 1,161 69.9 534 32.1 979 1,017 530

North Carolina ....................... 451 59.7 110 14.6 479 676 353

North Dakota .......................... 20 81.5 6 24.6 710 794 427

Ohio ........................................ 583 69.2 124 14.7 566 723 396

Oklahoma ............................... 174 64.4 25 9.3 443 566 295

Oregon .................................... 330 74.3 87 19.6 646 814 407

Pennsylvania .......................... 816 92.1 311 35.1 837 848 450

Rhode Island .......................... 95 96.4 40 40.2 914 936 525

South Carolina ....................... 197 50.2 30 7.6 366 554 286

South Dakota .......................... 31 70.7 12 26.7 691 844 467

Tennessee ............................... 350 54.1 49 7.6 378 599 302

Texas ...................................... 1,010 63.1 180 11.2 484 639 314

Utah ........................................ 61 67.9 15 16.9 549 683 336

Vermont ................................. 47 98.3 19 38.8 1,194 1,199 619

Virgin Islands ......................... 6 45.1 1 5.2 275 397 203

Virginia .................................. 274 62.2 50 11.3 444 588 296

Washington ............................ 538 92.6 105 18.1 710 732 396

West Virginia ......................... 115 66.1 11 6.2 443 540 273

Wisconsin ............................... 381 91.4 84 20.2 781 808 412

Wyoming ................................ 10 67.5 2 16.4 509 638 313

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Over households with a shelter deduction.

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

72
Table B.5. Distribution of participating households by household composition and by State

State 

Households with:

Children Elderly individuals

Non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities

Single adults with

children

Adults age 18 to 49

without disabilities in

childless householdsa

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 9,789 43.6 4,255 19.0 4,579 20.4 5,591 24.9 4,333 19.3

Alabama ................................. 195 46.9 63 15.3 111 26.6 132 31.8 82 19.7

Alaska .................................... 16 43.4 7 17.9 6 17.1 8 21.6 9 24.3

Arizona ................................... 222 50.4 65 14.9 73 16.6 115 26.2 86 19.5

Arkansas ................................. 100 46.4 31 14.5 57 26.4 61 28.3 43 19.7

California ............................... 1,146 57.6 180 9.0 48 2.4 519 26.1 510 25.6

Colorado ................................. 111 48.4 41 17.7 49 21.5 60 26.2 33 14.5

Connecticut ............................ 83 35.0 48 20.1 53 22.2 49 20.6 51 21.6

Delaware ................................ 34 48.0 9 12.8 10 14.6 21 30.4 14 19.7

District of Columbia .............. 26 33.2 13 16.4 15 19.4 19 24.0 22 27.5

Florida .................................... 670 34.9 443 23.1 328 17.1 325 16.9 465 24.2

Georgia ................................... 385 46.6 137 16.6 140 17.0 249 30.2 180 21.8

Guam ...................................... 10 68.1 2 15.3 0 2.9 3 20.3 2 10.8

Hawaii .................................... 35 36.4 22 23.0 15 15.6 17 17.6 20 20.9

Idaho ...................................... 46 52.2 15 17.1 20 23.1 22 24.2 11 12.7

Illinois .................................... 391 39.2 188 18.8 168 16.8 237 23.8 256 25.7

Indiana .................................... 193 48.6 53 13.4 102 25.7 122 30.6 73 18.3

Iowa ........................................ 84 44.0 28 14.5 39 20.2 55 28.8 42 22.1

Kansas .................................... 61 46.0 22 16.5 39 29.4 36 27.2 15 11.6

Kentucky ................................ 161 41.3 62 15.9 116 29.8 93 24.0 89 23.0

Louisiana ................................ 197 49.8 63 16.1 100 25.2 150 38.0 68 17.3

Maine ..................................... 42 34.4 29 23.9 40 32.6 23 18.9 18 15.1

Maryland ................................ 165 41.1 71 17.7 79 19.6 110 27.4 86 21.5

Massachusetts ........................ 161 33.3 130 27.0 138 28.5 108 22.4 75 15.6

Michigan ................................ 309 35.6 145 16.7 225 26.0 183 21.1 201 23.2

Minnesota ............................... 104 40.6 47 18.3 64 24.9 57 22.2 39 15.4

Mississippi ............................. 139 46.1 53 17.7 69 23.0 88 29.2 62 20.6

Missouri ................................. 167 41.6 73 18.1 107 26.7 101 25.2 74 18.4

Montana ................................. 24 41.3 10 17.9 13 22.4 13 23.4 11 20.0

Nebraska ................................ 37 48.1 12 15.9 20 26.0 23 30.0 10 12.8

Nevada ................................... 74 40.0 34 18.3 34 18.5 38 20.6 41 22.4

New Hampshire ..................... 24 45.8 10 19.2 19 36.3 16 30.3 5 9.3

New Jersey ............................. 201 46.1 115 26.2 82 18.8 106 24.2 50 11.5

New Mexico ........................... 93 48.9 27 14.2 39 20.3 51 26.8 35 18.1

New York ............................... 568 34.2 546 32.9 392 23.6 307 18.5 208 12.5

North Carolina ....................... 339 44.8 142 18.8 133 17.6 208 27.5 165 21.8

North Dakota .......................... 12 47.3 4 17.7 7 26.8 8 33.2 3 12.9

Ohio ........................................ 359 42.6 155 18.4 243 28.9 236 28.0 122 14.5

Oklahoma ............................... 124 46.0 41 15.1 72 26.6 78 28.8 44 16.4

Oregon .................................... 140 31.7 92 20.8 86 19.4 70 15.9 111 25.0

Pennsylvania .......................... 353 39.8 182 20.5 265 29.9 221 24.9 150 17.0

Rhode Island .......................... 34 34.2 23 23.7 26 26.8 21 20.8 19 19.2

South Carolina ....................... 185 47.0 71 18.2 77 19.5 134 34.1 68 17.2

South Dakota .......................... 21 48.6 7 16.8 10 23.5 13 30.3 6 14.7

Tennessee ............................... 270 41.7 120 18.5 138 21.3 164 25.4 150 23.2

Texas ...................................... 947 59.2 313 19.5 303 18.9 510 31.9 117 7.3

Utah ........................................ 49 55.2 12 13.4 18 20.2 26 28.6 12 13.5

Vermont ................................. 17 35.6 14 28.6 14 28.9 10 20.3 6 12.4

Virgin Islands ......................... 7 52.9 2 18.6 0 3.3 4 35.0 2 17.5

Virginia .................................. 205 46.4 62 14.0 101 22.8 128 29.0 87 19.7

Washington ............................ 207 35.6 104 17.8 123 21.1 99 17.1 158 27.2

West Virginia ......................... 69 39.9 34 19.6 57 32.9 38 21.8 32 18.4

Wisconsin ............................... 169 40.4 78 18.8 92 22.1 96 23.1 90 21.5

Wyoming ................................ 8 55.7 2 15.0 3 19.7 6 38.0 1 9.3

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and a time limit. 

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

73
Table B.6. Distribution of participating households by selected countable income sources and by State

State

Households with countable:

TANFa GA SSI Social Security Earned income

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 1,362 6.1 694 3.1 4,568 20.4 5,505 24.5 7,016 31.3

Alabama ................................. 11 2.6 – – 102 24.6 116 27.9 112 27.0

Alaska .................................... 4 11.6 11 29.0 6 16.1 9 23.5 11 28.9

Arizona ................................... 14 3.2 – – 69 15.6 89 20.2 176 39.9

Arkansas ................................. 4 1.8 0 0.2 53 24.8 59 27.4 62 28.7

California ............................... 461 23.2 113 5.7 – – 158 8.0 759 38.1

Colorado ................................. – – 40 17.2 47 20.3 53 22.9 78 34.1

Connecticut ............................ 14 5.7 16 6.8 49 20.5 63 26.3 70 29.4

Delaware ................................ 4 5.3 7 9.2 9 12.2 12 17.5 25 35.7

District of Columbia .............. 15 19.0 1 1.1 15 19.0 15 18.9 14 17.3

Florida .................................... 60 3.1 4 0.2 388 20.2 489 25.5 512 26.6

Georgia ................................... 12 1.5 1 0.1 137 16.6 193 23.4 251 30.5

Guam ...................................... 2 13.9 0 3.2 – – 2 14.3 7 44.7

Hawaii .................................... 7 6.9 6 5.7 19 19.3 23 23.2 33 34.2

Idaho ...................................... 3 3.3 8 9.6 19 21.0 24 27.3 37 42.0

Illinois .................................... 45 4.5 18 1.8 180 18.0 218 21.8 284 28.4

Indiana .................................... 10 2.5 – – 89 22.3 96 24.2 137 34.3

Iowa ........................................ 12 6.5 1 0.3 32 16.9 47 24.5 80 41.8

Kansas .................................... 6 4.3 0 0.3 32 24.1 38 28.9 46 34.8

Kentucky ................................ 21 5.3 1 0.2 103 26.5 100 25.6 96 24.6

Louisiana ................................ 3 0.8 1 0.4 109 27.7 97 24.5 119 30.2

Maine ..................................... 7 5.7 30 24.3 28 23.3 53 43.6 35 28.5

Maryland ................................ 20 4.9 18 4.4 73 18.2 99 24.6 117 29.2

Massachusetts ........................ 37 7.6 19 4.0 148 30.7 180 37.3 104 21.4

Michigan ................................ 32 3.7 3 0.4 191 22.1 239 27.5 290 33.5

Minnesota ............................... 20 7.7 19 7.4 63 24.8 69 26.9 91 35.6

Mississippi ............................. 10 3.4 – – 75 24.9 81 26.9 74 24.4

Missouri ................................. 32 7.9 1 0.2 98 24.4 118 29.4 98 24.3

Montana ................................. 2 4.2 0 0.4 11 20.0 16 27.6 18 31.5

Nebraska ................................ 6 7.5 5 6.0 16 21.1 22 29.3 28 36.2

Nevada ................................... 13 6.8 0 0.1 31 16.8 44 23.9 62 33.3

New Hampshire ..................... 3 4.9 8 14.4 14 26.7 20 37.9 17 32.2

New Jersey ............................. 28 6.4 29 6.6 101 23.1 132 30.3 142 32.5

New Mexico ........................... 17 8.7 4 2.0 41 21.7 41 21.4 64 33.6

New York ............................... 74 4.5 187 11.3 588 35.4 496 29.8 462 27.8

North Carolina ....................... 10 1.3 6 0.7 129 17.1 187 24.8 221 29.3

North Dakota .......................... 1 3.9 – – 5 21.2 8 31.7 10 41.0

Ohio ........................................ 49 5.8 16 1.9 223 26.5 244 28.9 248 29.4

Oklahoma ............................... 6 2.3 65 23.9 61 22.7 76 28.2 74 27.3

Oregon .................................... 30 6.7 0 0.1 77 17.3 113 25.4 150 33.7

Pennsylvania .......................... 62 7.0 1 0.1 254 28.7 279 31.5 246 27.8

Rhode Island .......................... 5 5.5 0 0.3 27 27.5 32 32.5 26 26.7

South Carolina ....................... 17 4.3 – – 74 18.8 95 24.0 124 31.4

South Dakota .......................... 2 5.5 0 0.5 10 23.0 12 26.8 16 36.1

Tennessee ............................... 39 6.1 – – 122 18.9 176 27.3 159 24.6

Texas ...................................... 39 2.4 – – 277 17.3 327 20.4 654 40.8

Utah ........................................ 4 4.0 1 0.9 17 18.8 19 21.5 34 37.7

Vermont ................................. 5 9.5 1 2.7 11 22.4 21 44.3 15 31.6

Virgin Islands ......................... 1 4.2 0 3.6 0 0.4 2 19.0 5 42.4

Virginia .................................. 30 6.7 1 0.2 92 20.8 106 23.9 150 34.1

Washington ............................ 30 5.2 46 8.0 122 21.0 120 20.7 169 29.1

West Virginia ......................... 5 2.7 6 3.3 54 31.4 51 29.2 41 23.6

Wisconsin ............................... 21 5.1 1 0.2 72 17.2 124 29.6 160 38.4

Wyoming ................................ 0 0.8 0 0.9 3 18.6 3 19.4 5 36.7

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a This does not include households receiving a noncash benefit or a noncountable cash benefit (e.g., households participating in MFIP).

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

74
Table B.7. Average values of selected countable income sources by State

State 

Average countable values (dollars)a

TANFb GA SSI Social Security Earned income

Total ...................................... 383 225 589 820 1,064

Alabama ................................. 231 – 536 759 1,026

Alaska .................................... 641 360 516 796 1,273

Arizona ................................... 223 – 591 803 1,133

Arkansas ................................. 154 220 555 764 1,058

California ............................... 471 244 – 843 899

Colorado ................................. – 295 567 798 1,065

Connecticut ............................ 507 189 600 886 1,191

Delaware ................................ 299 106 635 893 1,263

District of Columbia .............. 317 270 651 826 1,178

Florida .................................... 262 210 558 763 1,120

Georgia ................................... 206 225 540 842 1,023

Guam ...................................... 219 108 – 848 1,559

Hawaii .................................... 525 324 580 847 1,256

Idaho ...................................... 107 46 537 795 1,152

Illinois .................................... 334 134 577 848 952

Indiana .................................... 200 – 577 772 957

Iowa ........................................ 349 557 509 850 1,063

Kansas .................................... 283 274 546 800 1,112

Kentucky ................................ 245 601 597 758 964

Louisiana ................................ 392 384 574 695 1,005

Maine ..................................... 428 11 542 909 1,163

Maryland ................................ 555 187 599 881 1,190

Massachusetts ........................ 450 293 667 916 1,161

Michigan ................................ 280 160 647 896 999

Minnesotac ............................. 1 171 615 771 1,164

Mississippi ............................. 144 – 533 697 1,112

Missouri ................................. 239 520 570 789 1,080

Montana ................................. 445 278 564 798 1,149

Nebraska ................................ 326 62 518 785 1,045

Nevada ................................... 360 189 570 913 1,085

New Hampshire ..................... 496 142 580 890 1,320

New Jersey ............................. 351 168 528 846 1,183

New Mexico ........................... 333 245 564 709 1,064

New York ............................... 580 354 613 783 1,065

North Carolina ....................... 220 315 546 867 1,076

North Dakota .......................... 284 – 482 827 1,161

Ohio ........................................ 359 167 578 817 971

Oklahoma ............................... 213 37 556 754 994

Oregon .................................... 436 432 573 921 1,152

Pennsylvania .......................... 343 205 643 856 1,121

Rhode Island .......................... 422 251 584 866 1,137

South Carolina ....................... 225 – 584 770 908

South Dakota .......................... 406 371 528 783 1,142

Tennessee ............................... 179 – 530 806 979

Texas ...................................... 230 – 618 793 1,161

Utah ........................................ 405 287 567 763 1,249

Vermont ................................. 510 261 629 1,010 1,316

Virgin Islands ......................... 349 177 290 763 1,057

Virginia .................................. 276 130 573 757 983

Washington ............................ 393 107 638 850 1,284

West Virginia ......................... 304 304 612 807 1,062

Wisconsin ............................... 542 218 659 979 1,109

Wyoming ................................ 395 444 574 735 1,247

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Average values are over households with income source.

b This does not include households receiving a noncash benefit or a noncountable cash benefit (e.g., households participating in MFIP).

c TANF income is not included in MFIP gross income or used in the MFIP benefit calculation. Because of federal Quality Control System

constraints, this means that only a placeholder TANF amount, typically $1, may be reported for MFIP households in the SNAP Quality Control

datafile.

– No sample data in this category.

75
Table B.8. Distribution of participating households by earnings-related characteristics and by State

State 

Households with earnings Average earned income deduction (dollars)

Number

(000)

Percent Average earnings

(dollars) All householdsa Households withdeduction

Totalb ..................................... 7,016 31.3 1,064 69 213

Alabama ................................. 112 27.0 1,026 55 205

Alaska .................................... 11 28.9 1,273 73 254

Arizona ................................... 176 39.9 1,133 90 226

Arkansas ................................. 62 28.7 1,058 61 211

California ............................... 759 38.1 899 68 180

Colorado ................................. 78 34.1 1,065 72 213

Connecticut ............................ 70 29.4 1,191 70 238

Delaware ................................ 25 35.7 1,263 90 252

District of Columbia .............. 14 17.3 1,178 41 235

Florida .................................... 512 26.6 1,120 62 224

Georgia ................................... 251 30.5 1,023 62 204

Guam ...................................... 7 44.7 1,559 139 312

Hawaii .................................... 33 34.2 1,256 86 251

Idaho ...................................... 37 42.0 1,152 97 230

Illinois .................................... 284 28.4 952 54 190

Indiana .................................... 137 34.3 957 66 191

Iowa ........................................ 80 41.8 1,063 89 212

Kansas .................................... 46 34.8 1,112 77 222

Kentucky ................................ 96 24.6 964 48 193

Louisiana ................................ 119 30.2 1,005 62 201

Maine ..................................... 35 28.5 1,163 66 232

Maryland ................................ 117 29.2 1,190 71 238

Massachusetts ........................ 104 21.4 1,161 51 232

Michigan ................................ 290 33.5 999 68 199

Minnesota ............................... 91 35.6 1,164 86 275

Mississippi ............................. 74 24.4 1,112 59 222

Missouri ................................. 98 24.3 1,080 52 216

Montana ................................. 18 31.5 1,149 72 232

Nebraska ................................ 28 36.2 1,045 76 209

Nevada ................................... 62 33.3 1,085 72 217

New Hampshire ..................... 17 32.2 1,320 85 264

New Jersey ............................. 142 32.5 1,183 77 236

New Mexico ........................... 64 33.6 1,064 74 213

New York ............................... 462 27.8 1,065 79 216

North Carolina ....................... 221 29.3 1,076 64 215

North Dakota .......................... 10 41.0 1,161 95 232

Ohio ........................................ 248 29.4 971 57 194

Oklahoma ............................... 74 27.3 994 54 199

Oregon .................................... 150 33.7 1,152 78 231

Pennsylvania .......................... 246 27.8 1,121 64 224

Rhode Island .......................... 26 26.7 1,137 61 227

South Carolina ....................... 124 31.4 908 61 182

South Dakota .......................... 16 36.1 1,142 85 229

Tennessee ............................... 159 24.6 979 48 196

Texas ...................................... 654 40.8 1,161 95 232

Utah ........................................ 34 37.7 1,249 94 250

Vermont ................................. 15 31.6 1,316 83 263

Virgin Islands ......................... 5 42.4 1,057 90 211

Virginia .................................. 150 34.1 983 67 197

Washington ............................ 169 29.1 1,284 87 257

West Virginia ......................... 41 23.6 1,062 50 212

Wisconsin ............................... 160 38.4 1,109 85 223

Wyoming ................................ 5 36.7 1,247 91 249

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because the earnings deduction is not used in their benefit determinations, 720,552 SSI-CAP households are excluded from this column.

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

76
Table B.9. Distribution of entrant households with and without expedited service by State

State 

Total entrant

households

(000)

Entrant households eligible for

and receiving expedited service

Entrant households eligible for

but not receiving expedited

service

Entrant households not eligible

for expedited service

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totala ..................................... 872 429 49.2 56 6.5 386 44.3

Alabama ................................. 17 8 47.7 2 9.4 7 43.0

Alaska .................................... 2 1 34.0 0 7.4 1 58.6

Arizona ................................... 22 10 44.3 0 2.1 12 53.5

Arkansas ................................. 12 3 21.8 1 7.0 9 71.2

California ............................... 76 49 63.5 5 6.2 23 30.3

Colorado ................................. 15 10 64.8 1 5.7 4 29.5

Connecticut ............................ 7 4 56.3 0 6.5 3 37.1

Delaware ................................ 2 1 57.8 0 7.0 1 35.2

District of Columbia .............. 4 2 65.0 – – 1 35.0

Florida .................................... 73 33 45.6 2 3.0 37 51.4

Georgia ................................... 43 13 30.7 9 21.0 21 48.3

Guam ...................................... 0 0 37.7 0 14.2 0 48.1

Hawaii .................................... 4 2 42.5 0 6.0 2 51.4

Idaho ...................................... 5 2 41.6 – – 3 58.4

Illinois .................................... 19 12 66.0 1 6.0 5 28.0

Indiana .................................... 16 7 43.1 2 10.3 7 46.6

Iowa ........................................ 8 2 31.1 0 4.9 5 64.0

Kansas .................................... 5 2 45.9 0 4.5 2 49.6

Kentucky ................................ 19 10 51.9 0 2.0 9 46.1

Louisiana ................................ 20 5 26.4 2 12.2 12 61.3

Maine ..................................... 2 1 44.7 0 6.9 1 48.3

Maryland ................................ 21 13 59.2 2 9.2 7 31.6

Massachusetts ........................ 11 4 38.9 0 4.1 7 57.0

Michigan ................................ 23 13 55.1 2 9.2 8 35.7

Minnesota ............................... 8 4 49.3 0 3.4 4 47.3

Mississippi ............................. 8 5 59.6 – – 3 40.4

Missouri ................................. 14 5 36.4 2 12.4 7 51.2

Montana ................................. 3 1 51.2 0 7.0 1 41.8

Nebraska ................................ 3 1 47.8 0 8.8 1 43.4

Nevada ................................... 9 5 57.1 – – 4 42.9

New Hampshire ..................... 2 1 59.2 0 7.3 1 33.5

New Jersey ............................. 7 2 26.3 1 7.7 4 66.0

New Mexico ........................... 11 5 46.9 1 9.8 5 43.3

New York ............................... 56 43 76.7 – – 13 23.3

North Carolina ....................... 30 15 51.1 3 9.2 12 39.8

North Dakota .......................... 2 1 53.6 – – 1 46.4

Ohio ........................................ 27 10 36.8 3 11.6 14 51.7

Oklahoma ............................... 50 19 37.9 2 3.6 29 58.5

Oregon .................................... 17 8 46.9 1 8.1 8 44.9

Pennsylvania .......................... 30 21 71.7 1 2.9 8 25.5

Rhode Island .......................... 3 2 70.1 0 10.1 1 19.8

South Carolina ....................... 16 6 38.1 1 6.8 9 55.1

South Dakota .......................... 2 1 53.4 0 6.9 1 39.7

Tennessee ............................... 16 8 49.7 1 4.2 7 46.2

Texas ...................................... 68 24 35.6 7 9.5 37 54.9

Utah ........................................ 4 2 39.7 0 2.6 2 57.6

Vermont ................................. 2 0 10.2 0 14.1 2 75.8

Virgin Islands ......................... 1 0 39.4 – – 0 60.6

Virginia .................................. 11 4 34.3 0 4.3 7 61.5

Washington ............................ 21 12 57.0 1 5.5 8 37.5

West Virginia ......................... 6 3 54.7 – – 3 45.3

Wisconsin ............................... 19 12 62.4 – – 7 37.6

Wyoming ................................ 1 1 71.0 0 5.9 0 23.1

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

77
Table B.10. Distribution of participating households by race/Hispanic status of household head and by State

State 

Race/Hispanic statusa of household head

White,

not Hispanic

African American,

not Hispanic

Hispanic,

any race

Other,

not Hispanicb

Missing/unknownc

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totald ..................................... 8,940 39.8 5,717 25.5 2,448 10.9 938 4.2 4,403 19.6

Alabama ................................. 178 42.8 219 52.6 5 1.1 1 0.2 13 3.2

Alaska .................................... 14 39.0 2 5.2 0 0.5 18 48.1 3 7.2

Arizona ................................... 188 42.6 37 8.5 121 27.4 51 11.7 43 9.8

Arkansas ................................. 123 56.9 76 35.3 3 1.3 3 1.2 11 5.2

California ............................... 464 23.3 285 14.3 665 33.4 122 6.1 454 22.8

Colorado ................................. 50 21.8 9 4.1 30 13.0 6 2.8 134 58.3

Connecticut ............................ 101 42.1 53 22.3 69 29.1 4 1.8 11 4.6

Delaware ................................ 7 9.2 5 6.8 0 0.2 0 0.6 59 83.1

District of Columbia .............. 1 1.5 71 90.0 2 2.4 0 0.5 4 5.6

Florida .................................... 682 35.5 518 27.0 537 28.0 23 1.2 161 8.4

Georgia ................................... 261 31.7 486 58.9 21 2.5 13 1.6 44 5.3

Guam ...................................... 0 1.9 – – – – 11 76.0 3 22.1

Hawaii .................................... 19 19.6 1 1.2 2 2.1 54 55.3 21 21.9

Idaho ...................................... 71 80.4 1 1.1 6 7.3 3 3.3 7 8.0

Illinois .................................... 320 32.1 216 21.7 32 3.2 19 1.9 410 41.1

Indiana .................................... 268 67.2 92 23.1 11 2.9 6 1.6 21 5.2

Iowa ........................................ 96 50.4 19 9.8 4 2.0 4 2.1 68 35.7

Kansas .................................... 63 47.2 21 15.7 6 4.3 3 2.2 40 30.5

Kentucky ................................ 312 80.3 59 15.2 4 1.0 3 0.8 11 2.7

Louisiana ................................ 118 29.9 244 61.9 4 1.1 5 1.3 23 5.7

Maine ..................................... 114 93.6 3 2.2 1 0.6 3 2.3 2 1.3

Maryland ................................ 133 33.1 231 57.6 11 2.7 12 3.1 14 3.5

Massachusetts ........................ 256 53.0 66 13.7 107 22.2 28 5.8 26 5.4

Michigan ................................ 417 48.1 283 32.7 13 1.5 12 1.4 142 16.3

Minnesota ............................... 143 56.1 57 22.5 4 1.4 27 10.4 24 9.6

Mississippi ............................. 75 24.9 173 57.3 1 0.4 3 1.1 49 16.3

Missouri ................................. 251 62.6 95 23.8 1 0.4 5 1.3 48 12.0

Montana ................................. 39 68.1 0 0.4 0 0.5 12 20.3 6 10.7

Nebraska ................................ 50 65.8 14 17.9 4 4.7 4 4.9 5 6.6

Nevada ................................... 81 43.5 43 23.4 33 17.8 13 7.0 15 8.2

New Hampshire ..................... 48 90.7 1 2.6 2 3.2 1 1.7 1 1.7

New Jersey ............................. 154 35.2 124 28.4 90 20.6 22 5.1 47 10.7

New Mexico ........................... 26 13.5 3 1.5 68 35.5 17 8.9 77 40.6

New York ............................... 586 35.3 480 28.9 324 19.5 156 9.4 114 6.9

North Carolina ....................... 323 42.8 350 46.4 12 1.7 24 3.1 46 6.1

North Dakota .......................... 17 70.1 1 5.1 0 0.2 6 22.8 0 1.8

Ohio ........................................ 544 64.6 258 30.7 3 0.4 12 1.4 25 3.0

Oklahoma ............................... 148 54.7 38 14.0 7 2.5 25 9.3 53 19.5

Oregon .................................... 335 75.6 23 5.2 5 1.1 27 6.0 54 12.2

Pennsylvania .......................... 500 56.4 277 31.3 10 1.1 84 9.4 15 1.7

Rhode Island .......................... 48 48.9 11 11.5 18 18.1 2 2.4 19 19.1

South Carolina ....................... 163 41.5 210 53.5 3 0.9 2 0.5 14 3.6

South Dakota .......................... 23 52.7 2 4.1 0 0.7 17 38.3 2 4.1

Tennessee ............................... 121 18.7 69 10.7 1 0.1 2 0.3 454 70.2

Texas ...................................... 177 11.1 134 8.4 177 11.1 19 1.2 1,094 68.3

Utah ........................................ 65 72.8 3 3.4 3 3.6 6 7.0 12 13.2

Vermont ................................. 26 53.8 0 0.9 0 0.3 1 1.8 21 43.2

Virgin Islands ......................... 0 3.3 9 71.7 2 18.5 – – 1 6.4

Virginia .................................. 189 42.8 205 46.3 9 2.0 8 1.8 31 7.1

Washington ............................ 125 21.6 19 3.3 13 2.2 22 3.8 402 69.1

West Virginia ......................... 161 93.0 9 5.0 0 0.1 1 0.4 3 1.5

Wisconsin ............................... 248 59.6 109 26.2 2 0.4 15 3.6 43 10.3

Wyoming ................................ 12 78.8 0 1.3 1 5.3 1 5.4 1 9.2

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Codes to allow reporting of multiple races were implemented beginning in April 2007. We have grouped the codes together to form general race and ethnicity

categories. Reporting of race and ethnicity is now voluntary and was missing for 16 percent of participants in fiscal year 2014. As a result, fiscal year 2014 race and

ethnicity distributions are not comparable to distributions for years prior to fiscal year 2007.

b Other includes household heads that are Asian, Native American, or who reported multiple races that do not fit into previous categories.

c Missing/unknown includes household heads for which racial/ethnic information was not recorded on the application, is not available because the application was

not found, or is unknown, and households with no household head and no adult listed on the file.

d Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

78
Table B.11. Distribution of participating households by use of standard utility allowance and by State

State Number

(000)

Standard utility allowance (SUA)-usage and entitlementa

Households with

heating/cooling SUA

Households with another

SUA 

Households with no SUA 

 

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 22,445 15,093 67.2 1,484 6.6 5,280 23.5

Alabama ................................. 415 283 68.1 10 2.5 122 29.4

Alaska .................................... 37 14 37.1 14 38.9 9 24.0

Arizona ................................... 440 261 59.3 30 6.8 149 33.9

Arkansas ................................. 216 118 54.5 7 3.4 91 42.1

California ............................... 1,990 1,862 93.5 19 1.0 109 5.5

Colorado ................................. 230 148 64.4 28 12.1 54 23.5

Connecticut ............................ 239 196 82.3 0 0.2 42 17.5

Delaware ................................ 71 44 62.1 5 6.5 22 31.4

District of Columbia .............. 79 70 88.5 1 1.5 8 10.0

Florida .................................... 1,921 1,063 55.4 102 5.3 755 39.3

Georgia ................................... 824 474 57.6 31 3.8 319 38.6

Guam ...................................... 15 – – 7 48.6 8 51.4

Hawaii .................................... 98 1 0.7 47 47.8 50 51.5

Idaho ...................................... 89 63 70.8 12 13.4 14 15.8

Illinois .................................... 998 516 51.7 107 10.7 375 37.6

Indiana .................................... 398 239 60.1 12 3.0 147 36.9

Iowa ........................................ 191 119 62.2 28 14.5 44 23.2

Kansas .................................... 133 90 67.7 15 11.3 28 21.0

Kentucky ................................ 389 228 58.5 26 6.8 132 34.0

Louisiana ................................ 395 249 63.0 23 5.9 112 28.3

Maine ..................................... 122 91 74.2 13 10.9 18 14.9

Maryland ................................ 402 192 47.7 85 21.1 116 29.0

Massachusetts ........................ 483 377 78.1 40 8.3 66 13.7

Michigan ................................ 867 806 93.0 16 1.9 25 2.9

Minnesota ............................... 255 127 49.8 39 15.3 66 25.7

Mississippi ............................. 302 170 56.5 4 1.4 101 33.4

Missouri ................................. 402 248 61.9 23 5.7 130 32.4

Montana ................................. 57 36 63.4 3 4.9 18 31.7

Nebraska ................................ 76 52 68.3 6 7.5 18 24.2

Nevada ................................... 185 101 54.4 6 3.0 79 42.6

New Hampshire ..................... 53 36 68.6 11 20.5 6 10.9

New Jersey ............................. 437 426 97.7 6 1.4 4 0.9

New Mexico ........................... 191 108 56.7 15 7.8 60 31.5

New York ............................... 1,661 1,041 62.7 178 10.7 28 1.7

North Carolina ....................... 755 463 61.3 25 3.3 251 33.2

North Dakota .......................... 25 18 72.8 2 9.9 4 17.3

Ohio ........................................ 843 538 63.8 36 4.3 269 31.9

Oklahoma ............................... 270 169 62.5 29 10.9 72 26.7

Oregon .................................... 444 315 71.0 23 5.2 106 23.8

Pennsylvania .......................... 886 832 93.9 12 1.3 12 1.4

Rhode Island .......................... 99 96 97.0 – – 3 3.0

South Carolina ....................... 393 205 52.1 1 0.2 162 41.2

South Dakota .......................... 44 29 66.0 2 5.3 11 25.0

Tennessee ............................... 647 324 50.0 24 3.7 300 46.3

Texas ...................................... 1,601 964 60.2 183 11.4 454 28.4

Utah ........................................ 90 52 57.7 12 13.6 26 28.6

Vermont ................................. 48 48 99.2 0 0.1 0 0.7

Virgin Islands ......................... 12 – – 0 3.2 12 96.8

Virginia .................................. 442 202 45.8 56 12.7 182 41.1

Washington ............................ 581 473 81.4 85 14.6 23 4.0

West Virginia ......................... 173 120 69.3 10 5.7 43 25.0

Wisconsin ............................... 417 387 92.7 11 2.7 19 4.6

Wyoming ................................ 15 9 60.0 1 6.8 5 33.2

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Because this deduction is not used in their benefit determinations, 23,481 MFIP households and 565,481 SSI-CAP households in

States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this category.

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

79
Table B.12. Distribution of participating categorically eligible households by public assistance status and by

State

State

Total

households

(000)

Categorically eligible households

Total households Pure public assistance

householdsa

Other categorically eligible

householdsb

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalc ................................. 22,445 20,538 91.5 4,991 22.2 15,547 69.3

Alabama ............................. 415 415 100.0 78 18.7 338 81.3

Alaska ................................ 37 12 33.2 12 31.3 1 1.9

Arizona ............................... 440 440 100.0 58 13.2 382 86.8

Arkansas ............................. 216 41 18.9 38 17.8 2 1.1

California ........................... 1,990 1,990 100.0 537 27.0 1,453 73.0

Colorado ............................. 230 230 100.0 56 24.3 174 75.7

Connecticut ........................ 239 238 99.8 57 23.9 181 75.9

Delaware ............................ 71 71 100.0 15 21.5 56 78.5

District of Columbia .......... 79 79 100.0 23 29.5 56 70.5

Florida ................................ 1,921 1,921 100.0 350 18.2 1,570 81.8

Georgia ............................... 824 824 100.0 114 13.9 710 86.1

Guam .................................. 15 15 100.0 2 16.2 13 83.8

Hawaii ................................ 98 98 100.0 28 28.9 69 71.1

Idaho .................................. 89 89 100.0 14 15.7 75 84.3

Illinois ................................ 998 998 100.0 180 18.0 818 82.0

Indiana ................................ 398 73 18.3 72 18.1 1 0.3

Iowa .................................... 191 191 100.0 36 18.5 156 81.5

Kansas ................................ 133 31 23.6 29 22.1 2 1.5

Kentucky ............................ 389 389 100.0 82 21.0 307 79.0

Louisiana ............................ 395 390 98.7 75 19.0 315 79.7

Maine ................................. 122 122 100.0 31 25.1 92 74.9

Maryland ............................ 402 401 99.9 91 22.6 310 77.3

Massachusetts .................... 483 483 100.0 172 35.5 312 64.5

Michigan ............................ 867 867 100.0 163 18.8 704 81.2

Minnesota ........................... 255 255 100.0 97 38.2 158 61.8

Mississippi ......................... 302 302 100.0 59 19.7 242 80.3

Missouri ............................. 402 120 29.9 103 25.7 17 4.1

Montana ............................. 57 57 100.0 10 17.9 47 82.1

Nebraska ............................ 76 76 100.0 17 22.6 59 77.4

Nevada ............................... 185 185 100.0 34 18.3 151 81.7

New Hampshire ................. 53 36 68.2 14 26.2 22 42.0

New Jersey ......................... 437 435 99.6 126 28.9 309 70.7

New Mexico ....................... 191 191 100.0 50 26.1 141 73.9

New York ........................... 1,661 1,661 100.0 672 40.5 989 59.5

North Carolina ................... 755 755 100.0 94 12.5 661 87.5

North Dakota ...................... 25 25 100.0 5 19.6 20 80.4

Ohio .................................... 843 843 100.0 226 26.8 617 73.2

Oklahoma ........................... 270 270 100.0 55 20.2 216 79.8

Oregon ................................ 444 444 100.0 92 20.7 352 79.3

Pennsylvania ...................... 886 886 100.0 233 26.3 653 73.7

Rhode Island ...................... 99 99 100.0 26 26.1 73 73.9

South Carolina ................... 393 393 100.0 65 16.4 329 83.6

South Dakota ...................... 44 13 29.1 10 22.4 3 6.7

Tennessee ........................... 647 132 20.4 118 18.3 14 2.1

Texas .................................. 1,601 1,601 100.0 201 12.6 1,400 87.4

Utah .................................... 90 21 23.3 17 18.6 4 4.7

Vermont ............................. 48 48 100.0 13 27.2 35 72.8

Virgin Islands ..................... 12 12 100.0 1 6.7 12 93.3

Virginia .............................. 442 94 21.2 87 19.7 7 1.5

Washington ........................ 581 581 100.0 145 25.0 436 75.0

West Virginia ..................... 173 173 100.0 43 24.9 130 75.1

Wisconsin ........................... 417 417 100.0 63 15.0 354 85.0

Wyoming ............................ 15 2 16.5 2 16.2 0 0.3

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Pure PA households are those in which each member (1) received SSI, (2) was covered by a cash TANF benefit, or (3) received

GA income. 

b These households are identified as categorically eligible in the SNAP Quality Control data but are not pure cash PA households.

Most are likely eligible through broad-based categorical eligibility or because of the receipt of noncash TANF benefits or services

such as child care or transportation subsidies. Most of these households meet the federal SNAP eligibility criteria.

c Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

80
Table B.13. Distribution of participating households by poverty status and by State, and effect of SNAP benefits on the poverty

status of SNAP households

State 

Total

households

(000)

Distribution of households in relation to poverty guidelinea

Based on cash only Based on cash and SNAP benefits Difference in percentage points

50 percent

or less

51 to 100

percent

101 percent

or more

50 percent

or less

51 to 100

percent

101 percent

or more

50 percent

or less

51 to 100

percent

101 percent

or more

Totalb .......................... 22,445 43.1 40.5 16.4 29.9 43.7 26.3 -13.2 3.2 9.9

Alabama ....................... 415 45.5 43.6 10.9 31.5 50.6 18.0 -14.0 7.0 7.0

Alaska .......................... 37 49.8 36.0 14.2 31.8 41.7 26.5 -17.9 5.7 12.2

Arizona ........................ 440 46.7 36.1 17.2 35.8 38.9 25.3 -10.9 2.8 8.1

Arkansas ...................... 216 43.3 46.2 10.5 31.7 51.2 17.1 -11.6 5.1 6.6

California ..................... 1,990 64.5 24.9 10.6 36.1 46.4 17.5 -28.3 21.4 6.9

Colorado ...................... 230 41.2 44.3 14.5 26.1 48.8 25.2 -15.1 4.5 10.6

Connecticut .................. 239 37.2 37.9 24.9 26.4 36.9 36.8 -10.9 -1.0 11.9

Delaware ...................... 71 45.0 33.0 22.0 34.5 35.7 29.9 -10.5 2.6 7.9

District of Columbia .... 79 54.8 31.1 14.2 41.2 40.7 18.1 -13.5 9.6 3.9

Florida .......................... 1,921 45.5 40.2 14.4 35.7 41.3 23.0 -9.7 1.1 8.6

Georgia ........................ 824 50.2 36.5 13.2 38.5 40.5 20.9 -11.7 4.0 7.7

Guam ........................... 15 51.9 27.3 20.9 24.5 34.6 40.9 -27.3 7.3 20.1

Hawaii .......................... 98 43.7 43.4 12.9 21.9 50.6 27.5 -21.8 7.2 14.6

Idaho ............................ 89 33.5 49.5 17.0 22.3 49.0 28.6 -11.2 -0.5 11.7

Illinois .......................... 998 48.5 38.4 13.1 36.1 43.9 20.0 -12.4 5.5 7.0

Indiana ......................... 398 44.9 42.3 12.8 32.4 46.4 21.2 -12.5 4.1 8.4

Iowa ............................. 191 37.4 40.1 22.5 25.9 44.7 29.5 -11.5 4.6 6.9

Kansas .......................... 133 33.7 51.2 15.1 23.7 51.5 24.9 -10.1 0.3 9.8

Kentucky ...................... 389 47.1 42.8 10.1 35.8 49.7 14.5 -11.3 6.9 4.5

Louisiana ..................... 395 43.1 46.2 10.7 29.7 52.3 18.0 -13.4 6.1 7.3

Maine ........................... 122 24.8 47.5 27.7 16.5 40.7 42.8 -8.3 -6.8 15.1

Maryland ...................... 402 41.6 36.4 22.0 29.5 41.5 29.0 -12.1 5.1 7.0

Massachusetts .............. 483 28.5 44.8 26.7 16.7 33.9 49.5 -11.8 -10.9 22.8

Michigan ...................... 867 38.3 40.9 20.8 28.6 39.7 31.7 -9.7 -1.2 10.9

Minnesota .................... 255 35.1 43.7 21.2 27.1 43.4 29.5 -8.0 -0.3 8.3

Mississippi ................... 302 45.4 46.2 8.4 33.9 51.7 14.4 -11.5 5.5 6.0

Missouri ....................... 402 41.9 45.8 12.3 31.4 48.8 19.8 -10.5 2.9 7.5

Montana ....................... 57 40.3 42.0 17.7 28.9 43.8 27.3 -11.4 1.8 9.6

Nebraska ...................... 76 36.3 47.2 16.5 23.8 51.4 24.8 -12.5 4.2 8.3

Nevada ......................... 185 44.1 35.9 20.1 33.5 40.1 26.4 -10.6 4.2 6.4

New Hampshire ........... 53 21.7 48.9 29.4 13.8 44.4 41.8 -8.0 -4.5 12.5

New Jersey ................... 437 31.9 45.4 22.6 19.3 47.6 33.0 -12.6 2.2 10.4

New Mexico ................ 191 45.2 43.8 11.0 31.2 50.5 18.2 -14.0 6.8 7.2

New York .................... 1,661 28.3 51.9 19.8 14.1 37.4 48.5 -14.2 -14.5 28.6

North Carolina ............. 755 49.3 33.0 17.8 36.5 40.4 23.1 -12.8 7.4 5.3

North Dakota ............... 25 30.3 44.2 25.4 20.2 40.3 39.5 -10.1 -4.0 14.1

Ohio ............................. 843 36.9 47.2 15.9 26.8 47.6 25.7 -10.1 0.4 9.8

Oklahoma .................... 270 45.0 43.9 11.0 34.8 48.1 17.1 -10.2 4.1 6.1

Oregon ......................... 444 40.3 35.5 24.3 29.0 38.3 32.7 -11.3 2.9 8.4

Pennsylvania ................ 886 32.3 44.2 23.5 21.2 45.4 33.5 -11.1 1.2 9.9

Rhode Island ................ 99 32.0 43.2 24.8 23.3 39.3 37.4 -8.7 -3.9 12.6

South Carolina ............. 393 50.0 40.5 9.5 34.6 50.2 15.2 -15.4 9.7 5.7

South Dakota ............... 44 37.4 44.5 18.1 26.0 44.2 29.8 -11.4 -0.3 11.7

Tennessee .................... 647 48.0 41.1 10.8 38.6 45.4 16.0 -9.5 4.3 5.2

Texas ............................ 1,601 44.2 40.1 15.7 31.0 45.3 23.7 -13.2 5.3 7.9

Utah ............................. 90 42.3 43.4 14.2 28.4 47.6 23.9 -13.9 4.2 9.7

Vermont ....................... 48 18.9 39.4 41.7 9.5 26.9 63.6 -9.4 -12.5 21.9

Virgin Islands .............. 12 54.5 26.2 19.4 37.7 35.3 27.1 -16.8 9.1 7.7

Virginia ........................ 442 45.0 42.4 12.6 32.4 48.1 19.5 -12.6 5.7 6.9

Washington .................. 581 40.2 38.8 21.0 30.2 40.9 28.9 -10.0 2.1 8.0

West Virginia ............... 173 36.4 50.5 13.1 27.6 53.6 18.8 -8.8 3.1 5.7

Wisconsin .................... 417 31.2 38.5 30.3 22.3 35.0 42.6 -8.8 -3.5 12.3

Wyoming ..................... 15 40.1 45.4 14.5 29.1 45.1 25.8 -11.0 -0.4 11.3

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Defined as the fiscal year 2014 SNAP net income screen (see Appendix C).

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

81
Table B.14. Distribution of participants by age and by State

State 

Preschool-age

children

School-age

children

Total

children

Non-elderly

adults

Elderly

adults

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totala ..................................... 6,369 13.9 13,902 30.3 20,271 44.2 20,952 45.7 4,651 10.1

Alabama ................................. 119 13.3 277 31.0 396 44.3 430 48.2 67 7.5

Alaska .................................... 12 13.9 26 30.2 38 44.0 41 47.5 7 8.5

Arizona ................................... 145 14.3 354 35.0 498 49.3 442 43.7 71 7.0

Arkansas ................................. 69 14.5 148 31.0 217 45.5 226 47.5 33 7.0

California ............................... 744 17.5 1,536 36.1 2,280 53.6 1,782 41.9 193 4.5

Colorado ................................. 77 15.5 168 33.8 245 49.3 205 41.2 47 9.4

Connecticut ............................ 48 11.1 105 24.5 152 35.6 224 52.4 52 12.1

Delaware ................................ 21 14.2 45 29.9 66 44.1 73 49.4 10 6.5

District of Columbia .............. 19 13.3 33 23.3 51 36.6 75 53.7 14 9.7

Florida .................................... 438 12.4 947 26.9 1,385 39.3 1,633 46.3 508 14.4

Georgia ................................... 296 16.6 515 28.9 811 45.5 826 46.3 146 8.2

Guam ...................................... 9 20.0 18 38.7 27 58.7 16 35.4 3 5.9

Hawaii .................................... 26 13.5 51 26.7 77 40.3 88 46.2 26 13.5

Idaho ...................................... 33 16.1 69 32.9 102 49.0 90 43.3 16 7.7

Illinois .................................... 260 13.3 583 29.8 842 43.1 908 46.4 204 10.4

Indiana .................................... 122 13.9 276 31.5 398 45.4 423 48.2 56 6.4

Iowa ........................................ 57 14.1 124 30.6 181 44.7 194 47.8 30 7.5

Kansas .................................... 41 14.0 96 32.7 137 46.7 133 45.3 24 8.0

Kentucky ................................ 95 11.9 223 27.8 318 39.6 419 52.2 66 8.2

Louisiana ................................ 126 14.4 285 32.6 411 47.1 395 45.2 67 7.7

Maine ..................................... 23 10.2 53 23.1 76 33.2 121 52.7 32 14.1

Maryland ................................ 99 12.7 217 27.9 316 40.6 386 49.5 76 9.8

Massachusetts ........................ 83 9.7 222 26.0 305 35.7 396 46.5 152 17.8

Michigan ................................ 173 10.4 459 27.6 632 38.0 873 52.5 159 9.5

Minnesota ............................... 75 14.4 156 29.9 231 44.3 242 46.4 49 9.4

Mississippi ............................. 84 12.9 208 31.7 292 44.6 308 47.1 55 8.4

Missouri ................................. 106 12.5 257 30.1 363 42.6 409 48.0 81 9.4

Montana ................................. 17 14.2 32 26.2 49 40.4 61 50.5 11 9.1

Nebraska ................................ 26 15.0 58 33.7 84 48.7 75 43.7 13 7.6

Nevada ................................... 50 13.4 117 31.1 167 44.5 171 45.7 37 9.8

New Hampshire ..................... 15 13.9 30 27.5 45 41.3 53 48.8 11 9.9

New Jersey ............................. 113 12.9 275 31.5 388 44.4 359 41.1 127 14.5

New Mexico ........................... 62 14.6 134 31.5 196 46.1 198 46.5 31 7.3

New York ............................... 382 12.6 799 26.3 1,181 38.9 1,260 41.4 599 19.7

North Carolina ....................... 208 13.4 455 29.3 663 42.6 741 47.7 151 9.7

North Dakota .......................... 9 16.8 15 28.2 24 45.0 24 46.2 5 8.7

Ohio ........................................ 246 14.2 495 28.6 741 42.8 825 47.7 165 9.5

Oklahoma ............................... 76 12.8 187 31.5 262 44.3 286 48.2 44 7.5

Oregon .................................... 89 11.3 184 23.5 273 34.9 408 52.1 102 13.0

Pennsylvania .......................... 213 11.9 471 26.4 684 38.4 904 50.7 194 10.9

Rhode Island .......................... 19 10.8 45 25.9 64 36.7 86 49.3 24 14.0

South Carolina ....................... 108 13.0 271 32.6 379 45.5 379 45.5 74 8.9

South Dakota .......................... 16 16.1 30 30.3 46 46.4 45 45.6 8 8.1

Tennessee ............................... 162 12.5 384 29.5 546 41.9 631 48.4 126 9.7

Texas ...................................... 687 17.9 1,466 38.2 2,152 56.1 1,336 34.8 349 9.1

Utah ........................................ 37 16.1 82 36.1 118 52.2 95 41.9 13 5.9

Vermont ................................. 12 12.6 20 21.8 32 34.4 45 48.4 16 17.1

Virgin Islands ......................... 5 16.6 8 30.2 13 46.8 12 43.9 3 9.3

Virginia .................................. 126 13.8 271 29.7 398 43.5 449 49.2 67 7.3

Washington ............................ 144 13.2 289 26.6 432 39.9 539 49.7 114 10.5

West Virginia ......................... 42 12.0 85 24.0 128 36.0 190 53.6 37 10.4

Wisconsin ............................... 101 12.1 238 28.6 339 40.7 407 48.9 86 10.4

Wyoming ................................ 6 16.9 12 34.5 18 51.4 15 41.9 2 6.8

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

82
Table B.15. Distribution of participants by disability status and by State

State 

Children with

disabilities

Non-elderly adults

with disabilities

Non-elderly

individuals with

disabilities

Adults age 18 to 49

without disabilities

in childless

householdsa

Adults age 18 to 49

without disabilities

not subject to work

requirements or a

time limit

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 1,006 2.2 4,461 9.7 5,467 11.9 4,721 10.3 9,452 20.6

Alabama ................................. 20 2.3 107 12.0 128 14.3 91 10.2 199 22.3

Alaska .................................... 1 0.8 6 7.4 7 8.2 10 10.9 20 22.9

Arizona ................................... 19 1.9 71 7.1 91 9.0 94 9.3 223 22.0

Arkansas ................................. 16 3.5 53 11.0 69 14.5 47 9.9 104 21.8

California ............................... 2 0.0 46 1.1 48 1.1 565 13.3 922 21.7

Colorado ................................. 14 2.9 47 9.4 61 12.3 37 7.5 98 19.7

Connecticut ............................ 7 1.6 53 12.3 60 13.9 56 13.0 89 20.8

Delaware ................................ 3 2.1 10 6.7 13 8.8 15 10.3 37 24.9

District of Columbia .............. 2 1.6 16 11.5 18 13.2 23 16.5 23 16.7

Florida .................................... 104 2.9 298 8.5 402 11.4 491 13.9 611 17.3

Georgia ................................... 31 1.7 135 7.6 166 9.3 207 11.6 391 21.9

Guam ...................................... 0 0.3 0 0.7 1 1.1 2 4.0 12 25.8

Hawaii .................................... 1 0.7 15 8.1 17 8.8 22 11.4 39 20.4

Idaho ...................................... 4 1.9 20 9.5 24 11.4 13 6.0 51 24.2

Illinois .................................... 27 1.4 161 8.2 188 9.6 271 13.9 382 19.5

Indiana .................................... 28 3.2 102 11.6 130 14.8 79 9.1 201 22.9

Iowa ........................................ 6 1.5 39 9.6 45 11.1 45 11.1 88 21.8

Kansas .................................... 7 2.5 38 13.1 45 15.5 16 5.5 66 22.7

Kentucky ................................ 33 4.1 114 14.1 146 18.2 102 12.7 167 20.8

Louisiana ................................ 26 3.0 93 10.6 119 13.6 75 8.6 193 22.0

Maine ..................................... 5 2.1 41 18.1 46 20.2 20 8.7 48 21.1

Maryland ................................ 15 1.9 78 10.0 93 11.9 93 11.9 172 22.0

Massachusetts ........................ 26 3.1 137 16.1 164 19.2 80 9.4 138 16.2

Michigan ................................ 53 3.2 226 13.6 280 16.8 218 13.1 331 19.9

Minnesota ............................... 8 1.5 63 12.1 71 13.6 40 7.7 114 21.9

Mississippi ............................. 13 2.0 66 10.1 79 12.1 71 10.8 139 21.3

Missouri ................................. 21 2.5 104 12.1 125 14.6 83 9.7 189 22.2

Montana ................................. 2 1.6 13 10.4 14 12.0 12 10.3 30 24.5

Nebraska ................................ 3 1.9 20 11.5 23 13.4 11 6.3 38 22.1

Nevada ................................... 4 1.2 33 8.9 38 10.1 45 12.0 71 18.8

New Hampshire ..................... 3 3.0 19 17.9 23 20.9 5 4.9 25 22.8

New Jersey ............................. 7 0.8 86 9.8 93 10.6 55 6.3 171 19.5

New Mexico ........................... 6 1.4 39 9.2 45 10.6 38 9.0 102 23.9

New York ............................... 54 1.8 396 13.0 450 14.8 228 7.5 518 17.0

North Carolina ....................... 32 2.0 123 7.9 154 9.9 182 11.7 348 22.4

North Dakota .......................... 1 1.8 6 12.1 7 13.9 3 6.5 13 24.7

Ohio ........................................ 46 2.7 236 13.6 282 16.3 138 8.0 376 21.7

Oklahoma ............................... 11 1.9 72 12.2 84 14.2 47 8.0 131 22.1

Oregon .................................... 11 1.4 86 10.9 97 12.4 117 14.9 152 19.4

Pennsylvania .......................... 69 3.9 265 14.9 335 18.8 173 9.7 392 22.0

Rhode Island .......................... 6 3.2 26 15.0 32 18.2 20 11.8 30 17.5

South Carolina ....................... 12 1.5 74 8.9 86 10.4 75 9.0 180 21.6

South Dakota .......................... 1 1.0 11 10.7 12 11.6 7 6.9 24 24.0

Tennessee ............................... 24 1.9 134 10.3 158 12.1 161 12.3 281 21.5

Texas ...................................... 132 3.5 278 7.2 410 10.7 126 3.3 764 19.9

Utah ........................................ 3 1.4 18 8.0 21 9.4 12 5.4 55 24.3

Vermont ................................. 2 2.4 15 16.5 17 18.9 6 6.8 18 19.8

Virgin Islands ......................... 0 0.2 0 1.3 0 1.5 3 10.1 7 24.6

Virginia .................................. 18 2.0 97 10.6 115 12.6 96 10.5 206 22.6

Washington ............................ 20 1.9 122 11.2 142 13.1 162 15.0 208 19.2

West Virginia ......................... 9 2.5 60 16.9 69 19.4 35 10.0 79 22.3

Wisconsin ............................... 32 3.9 88 10.6 121 14.5 96 11.5 178 21.4

Wyoming ................................ 0 0.9 3 8.1 3 9.0 1 4.1 9 26.0

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a With some exceptions, these participants are subject to work requirements and a time limit. 

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

83
Table B.16. Distribution of participants by citizenship status and by State

State

All participants U.S.-born citizens Naturalized

citizens Refugees Other noncitizens

Citizen children

living with a

noncitizena

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totalb ..................................... 45,874 100.0 42,258 100.0 1,715 100.0 356 100.0 1,545 100.0 4,133 100.0

Alabama ................................. 893 1.9 889 2.1 0 0.0 1 0.3 2 0.1 18 0.4

Alaska .................................... 87 0.2 84 0.2 2 0.1 – – 1 0.1 2 0.0

Arizona ................................... 1,011 2.2 931 2.2 24 1.4 4 1.2 51 3.3 165 4.0

Arkansas ................................. 476 1.0 473 1.1 1 0.1 0 0.0 3 0.2 22 0.5

California ............................... 4,256 9.3 3,729 8.8 249 14.5 24 6.9 254 16.4 1,054 25.5

Colorado ................................. 497 1.1 459 1.1 17 1.0 10 2.7 11 0.7 65 1.6

Connecticut ............................ 428 0.9 394 0.9 17 1.0 1 0.2 17 1.1 21 0.5

Delaware ................................ 149 0.3 144 0.3 2 0.1 0 0.1 2 0.1 8 0.2

District of Columbia .............. 140 0.3 135 0.3 1 0.1 1 0.1 3 0.2 6 0.1

Florida .................................... 3,526 7.7 2,850 6.7 304 17.7 42 11.8 330 21.4 308 7.5

Georgia ................................... 1,784 3.9 1,718 4.1 25 1.5 17 4.8 23 1.5 111 2.7

Guam ...................................... 46 0.1 42 0.1 2 0.1 – – 2 0.1 11 0.3

Hawaii .................................... 191 0.4 166 0.4 15 0.9 1 0.1 10 0.6 12 0.3

Idaho ...................................... 208 0.5 199 0.5 2 0.1 3 0.7 4 0.3 18 0.4

Illinois .................................... 1,954 4.3 1,851 4.4 61 3.6 7 1.8 35 2.3 180 4.3

Indiana .................................... 877 1.9 858 2.0 8 0.5 4 1.1 7 0.4 42 1.0

Iowa ........................................ 405 0.9 385 0.9 7 0.4 9 2.6 4 0.3 23 0.6

Kansas .................................... 293 0.6 283 0.7 3 0.2 2 0.6 4 0.3 14 0.3

Kentucky ................................ 803 1.8 783 1.9 3 0.1 15 4.1 2 0.2 18 0.4

Louisiana ................................ 874 1.9 865 2.0 2 0.1 2 0.5 5 0.3 14 0.3

Maine ..................................... 229 0.5 222 0.5 3 0.2 2 0.7 2 0.1 2 0.0

Maryland ................................ 779 1.7 744 1.8 15 0.8 3 0.9 18 1.1 35 0.8

Massachusetts ........................ 853 1.9 710 1.7 87 5.1 4 1.1 52 3.3 47 1.1

Michigan ................................ 1,664 3.6 1,594 3.8 36 2.1 11 3.1 23 1.5 45 1.1

Minnesota ............................... 521 1.1 455 1.1 43 2.5 12 3.3 11 0.7 25 0.6

Mississippi ............................. 655 1.4 654 1.5 1 0.0 0 0.1 1 0.0 9 0.2

Missouri ................................. 853 1.9 835 2.0 8 0.5 5 1.4 5 0.3 16 0.4

Montana ................................. 121 0.3 119 0.3 0 0.0 – – 1 0.1 0 0.0

Nebraska ................................ 172 0.4 159 0.4 4 0.2 6 1.8 3 0.2 12 0.3

Nevada ................................... 375 0.8 353 0.8 8 0.5 2 0.6 11 0.7 52 1.2

New Hampshire ..................... 108 0.2 103 0.2 1 0.1 2 0.7 1 0.1 2 0.0

New Jersey ............................. 874 1.9 721 1.7 93 5.4 4 1.2 56 3.6 112 2.7

New Mexico ........................... 426 0.9 402 1.0 6 0.3 0 0.1 17 1.1 36 0.9

New York ............................... 3,039 6.6 2,408 5.7 357 20.8 55 15.3 219 14.2 291 7.0

North Carolina ....................... 1,555 3.4 1,521 3.6 13 0.8 4 1.1 17 1.1 99 2.4

North Dakota .......................... 53 0.1 49 0.1 1 0.0 3 0.9 0 0.0 1 0.0

Ohio ........................................ 1,732 3.8 1,681 4.0 28 1.7 7 2.0 15 1.0 47 1.1

Oklahoma ............................... 592 1.3 579 1.4 4 0.2 3 0.9 6 0.4 16 0.4

Oregon .................................... 782 1.7 739 1.7 23 1.3 1 0.3 19 1.2 66 1.6

Pennsylvania .......................... 1,782 3.9 1,730 4.1 13 0.7 16 4.5 23 1.5 44 1.1

Rhode Island .......................... 174 0.4 153 0.4 11 0.6 2 0.4 9 0.6 13 0.3

South Carolina ....................... 832 1.8 824 1.9 1 0.1 3 0.9 4 0.2 27 0.6

South Dakota .......................... 99 0.2 96 0.2 1 0.1 2 0.7 1 0.0 2 0.0

Tennessee ............................... 1,303 2.8 1,284 3.0 10 0.6 4 1.0 6 0.4 59 1.4

Texas ...................................... 3,838 8.4 3,522 8.3 105 6.1 32 9.0 178 11.5 699 16.9

Utah ........................................ 227 0.5 215 0.5 5 0.3 5 1.3 2 0.1 20 0.5

Vermont ................................. 92 0.2 90 0.2 1 0.0 1 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

Virgin Islands ......................... 28 0.1 23 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.0

Virginia .................................. 914 2.0 874 2.1 19 1.1 3 0.7 18 1.2 62 1.5

Washington ............................ 1,085 2.4 967 2.3 64 3.7 11 3.1 43 2.8 129 3.1

West Virginia ......................... 354 0.8 353 0.8 1 0.0 – – 0 0.0 1 0.0

Wisconsin ............................... 831 1.8 804 1.9 7 0.4 10 2.8 10 0.7 52 1.3

Wyoming ................................ 35 0.1 35 0.1 – – – – 0 0.0 1 0.0

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Noncitizens may be inside or outside the SNAP unit.

b Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

84
Table B.17. Distribution of noncitizen participants by age and by State

State Total

(000)

Children Non-elderly adults Elderly adults

Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent Number

(000)

Percent

Totala ..................................... 1,901 345 18.2 1,071 56.4 484 25.5

Alabama ................................. 3 – – 2 71.3 1 28.7

Alaska .................................... 1 – – 1 59.2 1 40.8

Arizona ................................... 56 4 7.5 40 70.9 12 21.6

Arkansas ................................. 3 1 19.4 2 73.5 0 7.1

California ............................... 278 35 12.6 197 70.9 46 16.5

Colorado ................................. 21 5 26.2 9 44.6 6 29.3

Connecticut ............................ 17 3 19.4 9 51.6 5 29.0

Delaware ................................ 2 1 34.2 1 52.1 0 13.7

District of Columbia .............. 4 1 26.2 2 50.8 1 22.9

Florida .................................... 372 46 12.2 233 62.5 94 25.3

Georgia ................................... 40 10 26.0 23 57.2 7 16.8

Guam ...................................... 2 0 7.1 1 42.1 1 50.8

Hawaii .................................... 10 3 27.0 4 33.7 4 39.3

Idaho ...................................... 7 1 14.9 5 69.5 1 15.6

Illinois .................................... 42 5 10.8 25 58.8 13 30.4

Indiana .................................... 11 1 12.9 7 60.4 3 26.7

Iowa ........................................ 13 6 43.1 6 47.5 1 9.4

Kansas .................................... 7 2 24.0 3 50.9 2 25.2

Kentucky ................................ 17 6 33.0 8 48.4 3 18.5

Louisiana ................................ 7 2 28.9 4 54.4 1 16.7

Maine ..................................... 4 1 32.9 2 48.8 1 18.3

Maryland ................................ 21 5 25.5 9 43.3 6 31.2

Massachusetts ........................ 55 13 23.4 21 37.8 21 38.8

Michigan ................................ 34 10 29.4 17 48.1 8 22.5

Minnesota ............................... 23 6 25.9 13 59.1 3 15.0

Mississippi ............................. 1 0 25.4 0 24.5 1 50.0

Missouri ................................. 10 3 35.0 5 47.3 2 17.7

Montana ................................. 1 0 15.3 1 62.2 0 22.5

Nebraska ................................ 9 3 34.5 6 58.7 1 6.8

Nevada ................................... 13 1 7.0 8 62.7 4 30.3

New Hampshire ..................... 4 1 32.5 2 55.2 0 12.3

New Jersey ............................. 60 12 20.7 31 51.7 17 27.6

New Mexico ........................... 18 1 2.9 10 57.5 7 39.6

New York ............................... 274 64 23.5 111 40.6 98 36.0

North Carolina ....................... 21 5 23.7 12 57.3 4 19.0

North Dakota .......................... 3 1 28.7 2 63.2 0 8.1

Ohio ........................................ 22 5 24.5 13 58.1 4 17.4

Oklahoma ............................... 9 2 26.3 6 59.6 1 14.1

Oregon .................................... 20 2 9.2 13 63.2 6 27.6

Pennsylvania .......................... 39 10 24.7 21 53.6 9 21.7

Rhode Island .......................... 10 2 23.4 6 60.1 2 16.6

South Carolina ....................... 7 3 44.9 4 55.1 – –

South Dakota .......................... 3 1 36.0 2 53.8 0 10.2

Tennessee ............................... 10 2 16.3 6 65.3 2 18.4

Texas ...................................... 210 35 16.8 110 52.5 64 30.7

Utah ........................................ 7 2 24.6 4 63.5 1 11.9

Vermont ................................. 1 0 27.8 1 51.6 0 20.6

Virgin Islands ......................... 2 1 32.8 1 52.7 0 14.5

Virginia .................................. 21 4 20.5 11 55.5 5 24.1

Washington ............................ 54 9 16.1 33 60.3 13 23.6

West Virginia ......................... 0 0 49.0 0 51.0 – –

Wisconsin ............................... 20 7 36.9 10 52.9 2 10.3

Wyoming ................................ 0 – – 0 100.0 – –

 Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

a Due to rounding, the sum of individual categories may not match the table total.

– No sample data in this category.

85
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APPENDIX C

FISCAL YEAR 2014 SNAP PARAMETERS
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Table C.1. 2013 HHS poverty income guidelines

Household size

Contiguous

United States,

Guam, and the

Virgin Islands Alaska Hawaii

 1 $11,490 $14,350 $13,230

 2 15,510 19,380 17,850

 3 19,530 24,410 22,470

 4 23,550 29,440 27,090

 5 27,570 34,470 31,710

 6 31,590 39,500 36,330

 7 35,610 44,530 40,950

 8 39,630 49,560 45,570

Each additional member +4,020 +5,030 +4,620

Source: 78 Federal Register 16, January 24, 2013.

Note: HHS issued these numbers, which provide the basis for the fiscal year 2014 SNAP gross and 

net monthly income eligibility standards. 

89
Table C.2. SNAP maximum allowable gross monthly income eligibility standards in 

fiscal year 2014

Household size

Contiguous United 

States, Guam, and 

the Virgin Islands Alaska Hawaii

1 $1,245 $1,555 $1,434

2 1,681 2,100 1,934

3 2,116 2,645 2,435

4 2,552 3,190 2,935

5 2,987 3,735 3,436

6 3,423 4,280 3,936

7 3,858 4,825 4,437

8 4,294 5,369 4,937

Each additional member +436 +545 +501

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Note: The fiscal year 2014 SNAP gross monthly income limits were based on the 2013 poverty 

guidelines issued by HHS (see Table C.1). FNS derived the fiscal year 2014 gross income 

limits by multiplying the 2013 poverty guidelines by 130 percent, dividing the results by 

12, and then rounding up to the nearest dollar. 

90
Table C.3. SNAP maximum allowable net monthly income eligibility standards in 

fiscal year 2014

Household size

Contiguous United 

States, Guam, and 

the Virgin Islands Alaska Hawaii

1 $958 $1,196 $1,103

2 1,293 1,615 1,488

3 1,628 2,035 1,873

4 1,963 2,454 2,258

5 2,298 2,873 2,643

6 2,633 3,292 3,028

7 2,968 3,711 3,413

8 3,303 4,130 3,798

Each additional member +335 +420 +385

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Note: The fiscal year 2014 SNAP net monthly income limits were based on the 2013 poverty 

guidelines issued by HHS (see Table C.1). FNS derived the fiscal year 2014 net income 

limits by dividing the 2013 poverty guidelines by 12 and rounding up to the nearest dollar. 

91
Table C.4. Value of standard SNAP deductions and maximum excess shelter expense deductions in the 

contiguous United States and outlying areas in fiscal year 2014

Deduction

Contiguous 

United States Alaska Hawaii Guam Virgin Islands

Standard deduction

1 to 2 people $152 $260 $215 $306 $134

3 people 152 260 215 306 135

4 people 163 260 215 326 163

5 people 191 260 220 382 191

6 or more people 219 274 252 438 219

Maximum excess shelter 

expense deduction 478 764 644 561 377

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.

 

Notes: The Homeless Household Shelter Estimate was $143.

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (PL 110-246) eliminated the Maximum Dependent Care 

Deduction.

Certain State-specific programs did not apply all federal SNAP deductions in the benefit calculation. Only the 

earnings deduction was used in the benefit calculation for MFIP households. No deductions were used for SSI-CAP 

households with standardized benefits. States with nonstandardized SSI-CAP benefits used the standard deduction 

and the excess shelter deduction when calculating benefit levels for SSI-CAP households.

92
Table C.5a. Value of maximum monthly SNAP benefit in the contiguous United States and outlying areas in 

October 2013 (ARRA)

Household

size

Contiguous 

United States

Alaska 

Urban

Alaska 

Rural I

Alaska 

Rural II Hawaii Guam

Virgin 

Islands

1 $200 $239 $304 $371 $330 $295 $257

2 367 438 559 680 605 541 472

3 526 627 800 974 867 775 676

4 668 797 1,016 1,237 1,100 985 859

5 793 946 1,207 1,469 1,307 1,169 1,020

6 952 1,135 1,448 1,762 1,568 1,403 1,224

7 1,052 1,255 1,600 1,948 1,734 1,551 1,353

8 1,202 1,434 1,829 2,226 1,981 1,773 1,546

Each additional 

member +150 +179 +229 +278 +248 +222 +193

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Notes: ARRA increased SNAP benefits through October 2013. These maximum benefit values, effective October 1, 2013, 

through October 31, 2013, were based on 113.6 percent of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in June 2008 for a 

reference family of four, rounded to the lowest dollar increment. (See Table C.5b for maximum benefit values for 

November 2013 through September 2014.)

Due to the unusual nature of Alaska’s terrain and climate, areas outside major urban centers are less accessible to 

food distributors. Therefore, the value of the maximum benefit was adjusted to account for differences in the 

estimated cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in various regions of the State. For this purpose, all regions of Alaska were 

classified as Rural I, Rural II, or Urban. 

93
Table C.5b. Value of maximum monthly SNAP benefit in the contiguous United States and outlying areas in 

November 2013 through September 2014 (post-ARRA)

Household

size

Contiguous 

United States

Alaska 

Urban

Alaska 

Rural I

Alaska 

Rural II Hawaii Guam

Virgin 

Islands

1 $189 $226 $288 $351 $330 $279 $243

2 347 415 529 644 605 512 446

3 497 594 758 922 867 733 639

4 632 755 962 1,172 1,100 931 812

5 750 896 1,143 1,391 1,307 1,106 964

6 900 1,076 1,372 1,670 1,568 1,327 1,157

7 995 1,189 1,516 1,845 1,734 1,467 1,279

8 1,137 1,359 1,733 2,109 1,981 1,676 1,462

Each additional 

member +142 +170 +217 +264 +248 +210 +183

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Notes: These maximum benefit values were effective November 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014, and were based on 100 

percent of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in June 2013 for a reference family of four, rounded to the lowest dollar 

increment. (See Table C.5a for maximum benefit values for October 2013.)

Due to the unusual nature of Alaska’s terrain and climate, areas outside major urban centers are less accessible to food 

distributors. Therefore, the value of the maximum benefit was adjusted to account for differences in the estimated cost 

of the Thrifty Food Plan in various regions of the State. For this purpose, all regions of Alaska were classified as Rural 

I, Rural II, or Urban. 

Table C.6. Value of minimum monthly SNAP benefit in the contiguous United States and outlying areas in 

fiscal year 2014

Time period

Contiguous 

United States

Alaska 

Urban

Alaska 

Rural I

Alaska 

Rural II Hawaii Guam

Virgin 

Islands

October 2013 $16 $19 $24 $30 $26 $24 $21

November 2013–

September 2014 $15 $18 $23 $28 $26 $22 $19

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Note: The minimum benefit, applicable to one- and two-person households, is equal to 8 percent of the maximum benefit for 

single-person households.

94
APPENDIX D

SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES
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SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The estimates in this report are derived from a sample of households selected for review as part 

of the SNAP Quality Control System (SNAP QC). The system is designed to determine (1) if 

households are eligible for participation in SNAP and are receiving the correct benefit amount or (2) 

if household participation is correctly denied or terminated. It is based on State samples (from the 50 

States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) of approximately 55,000 

participating SNAP households and a somewhat smaller number of denials and terminations. Each 

month, State agencies select an independent sample of participating SNAP households. Annual 

required State samples depend upon the size of a State’s caseload and generally range from a minimum 

of 300 to around 1,200 reviews.

Target Universe

The target universe of this study is all participating households (active cases) subject to quality 

control review in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.1

Although most participating SNAP households are included in the target universe, certain types 

of households not subject to review are excluded. Specifically, the universe includes all households 

receiving SNAP benefits during the review period except those in which all participants (1) died or 

moved outside the State, (2) received benefits through a disaster certification authorized by FNS, (3) 

were under investigation for SNAP fraud (including those with pending fraud hearings) and/or were 

appealing a notice of adverse action, or (4) received restored benefits in accordance with the State 

manual but were otherwise ineligible. The sampling unit within the universe each month is the active 

SNAP household as specified in FNS regulations. 

Data Editing

The estimates in this report are derived from the fiscal year 2014 SNAP QC datafile, an edited 

version of the raw datafile generated by the Quality Control System. The raw fiscal year 2014 data are 

made up of monthly samples from October 2013 through September 2014. 

Households with an incomplete Quality Control review or those found ineligible for SNAP 

benefits were dropped from the edited datafile. Of the 55,066 sample cases in the raw datafile, 2,506 

were determined to be not subject to review (Table D.1). Of those cases subject to review, 3,605 did 

not undergo a complete review because the household failed to cooperate, could not be located, or all 

members had died or moved. An additional 623 households were found either ineligible for SNAP or 

eligible for SNAP but ineligible for a positive benefit and, thus, were dropped from the datafile.2 An 

additional 82 households were dropped from the file due to internal inconsistencies that could not be 

resolved, as discussed below. The final unweighted number of households in the fiscal year 2014 

SNAP QC file is 48,250. Table D.2 shows the distribution of these unweighted households by State. 

1 Participating households in Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands have been included in the target universe since fiscal 

year 1993. Prior to that, the universe excluded households in those areas.

2 Eligible one- and two-person SNAP units are guaranteed a minimum benefit. However, it is possible for larger 

units to be eligible for SNAP but have net income high enough that they do not qualify for a positive benefit. The eligible 

households dropped from the datafile were found by the reviewer to have a benefit overissuance equal to or greater than 

the recorded benefit.

97
Table D.1. Number of cases sampled, dropped from the edited file, and included 

in the edited file, fiscal year 2014

Fiscal year 2014 

SNAP QC sample

Number of cases sampled 55,066

Cases not subject to review 2,506

Cases deselected to correct for oversampling 0

Cases subject to review 52,560

Incomplete cases 3,605

Cases completed 48,955

 Households not eligible for SNAP 467

 Households not eligible for a positive benefit 156

 Households eligible for a positive benefit 48,332

Households dropped due to unresolved 

inconsistencies 82

Households on the final file 48,250

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Quality Control sample.

Failure to complete reviews for all cases subject to review may bias the sample results if the 

characteristics of households not reviewed differ significantly from those of reviewed households. In 

the absence of direct measures of such differences, the ratio of completed reviews to total cases subject 

to review provides an indication of the magnitude of any potential bias. For fiscal year 2014, the 

completion rate was 93 percent, 1 percentage point lower than in fiscal year 2013. 

Consistent measures of unit size, income, and benefit level are important to any analysis of SNAP 

households. Inconsistencies may occur in the initial case record information, the transcription and 

data entry process, or the extraction of SNAP information for the selected months. 

To obtain the highest degree of consistency between related variables in the data while 

maintaining the database’s integrity, the reported raw data are edited as described in the Technical 

Documentation for the Fiscal Year 2014 SNAP QC Database and QC Minimodel. For instance, in most cases, 

a household’s net countable income should equal the household’s gross countable income minus the 

total deductions for which the household is eligible, and the SNAP benefit level should equal the 

household’s maximum benefit minus 30 percent of the household’s net countable income. Exceptions 

are households participating in MFIP and SSI-CAP in States with standardized benefit amounts. These 

households are subject to different eligibility and benefit determination rules, and their data have been 

edited accordingly. Additionally, if the value of deductions exceeds gross income, net income is equal 

to zero. 

Although most inconsistencies in these basic relationships were resolved in the editing process, 

the measures could not be reconciled for 82 records in the raw datafile. These 82 records were 

therefore dropped from the edited datafile. 

98
Table D.2. Unweighted distribution of

participating households by State

State 

SNAP households

Number Percent

Total ...................................... 48,250 100.0

Alabama ................................. 1,027 2.1

Alaska .................................... 574 1.2

Arizona ................................... 959 2.0

Arkansas ................................. 1,209 2.5

California ............................... 895 1.9

Colorado ................................. 924 1.9

Connecticut ............................ 1,065 2.2

Delaware ................................ 942 2.0

District of Columbia .............. 1,035 2.1

Florida .................................... 979 2.0

Georgia ................................... 1,005 2.1

Guam ...................................... 469 1.0

Hawaii .................................... 944 2.0

Idaho ...................................... 986 2.0

Illinois .................................... 968 2.0

Indiana .................................... 965 2.0

Iowa ........................................ 909 1.9

Kansas .................................... 941 2.0

Kentucky ................................ 1,052 2.2

Louisiana ................................ 1,005 2.1

Maine ..................................... 995 2.1

Maryland ................................ 940 1.9

Massachusetts ........................ 927 1.9

Michigan ................................ 932 1.9

Minnesota ............................... 1,014 2.1

Mississippi ............................. 1,062 2.2

Missouri ................................. 870 1.8

Montana ................................. 824 1.7

Nebraska ................................ 882 1.8

Nevada ................................... 957 2.0

New Hampshire ..................... 795 1.6

New Jersey ............................. 996 2.1

New Mexico ........................... 1,053 2.2

New York ............................... 913 1.9

North Carolina ....................... 1,017 2.1

North Dakota .......................... 462 1.0

Ohio ........................................ 965 2.0

Oklahoma ............................... 1,023 2.1

Oregon .................................... 952 2.0

Pennsylvania .......................... 952 2.0

Rhode Island .......................... 994 2.1

South Carolina ....................... 1,064 2.2

South Dakota .......................... 764 1.6

Tennessee ............................... 1,019 2.1

Texas ...................................... 968 2.0

Utah ........................................ 979 2.0

Vermont ................................. 700 1.5

Virgin Islands ......................... 304 0.6

Virginia .................................. 881 1.8

Washington ............................ 980 2.0

West Virginia ......................... 953 2.0

Wisconsin ............................... 932 1.9

Wyoming ................................ 328 0.7

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition

Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

99
Weighting

The estimates for fiscal year 2014 in this report are based on a sample of 48,250 valid 

observations. The sample records have been weighted to match SNAP Program Operations totals 

after adjustment to remove households ineligible for benefits as well as those receiving benefits issued 

through the SNAP disaster assistance program, as these households are not included in the SNAP QC 

datafile.27 The weighting procedure matches to SNAP Program Operations totals for (1) the monthly 

number of participating households by State and stratum, (2) the monthly number of participants by 

State, and (3) the monthly total benefits issued by State. Table D.3 compares the Quality Control 

System sample-based estimates to aggregate program participation data for fiscal year 2014.

The fiscal year 2014 weighting methodology is similar to that used for the fiscal year 2003 through 

fiscal year 2013 SNAP QC datafiles. However, it differs from the weighting methodology used in the 

development of the SNAP QC datafiles prior to fiscal year 2003.28 SNAP QC datafiles before fiscal 

year 2003 are weighted to match the monthly number of SNAP households by State and stratum, 

unadjusted for ineligible households or the disaster assistance program.

Table D.3. Comparison of program data to edited SNAP QC datafile, fiscal year 2014

Average monthly value

Fiscal year 2014

Program data

Adjustments for 

disaster 

assistancea

Adjustments for 

ineligible 

households

Edited SNAP 

QC datafile

Number of households 22,699,595 67 254,549 22,444,979

Number of participants 46,536,799 168 662,847 45,873,783

Value of benefits $5,833,236,297 $1,422,841 $142,166,128 $5,689,647,328

Average household size 2.05 2.50 2.60 2.04

Average benefit per person $125.35 _ $214.48 $124.03

Sources: Fiscal Year 2014 Program Data and SNAP QC datafile.

a

We adjust households and individuals for disaster SNAP households only. We adjust benefits for 

disaster SNAP benefits issued to disaster SNAP households as well as replacement benefits issued to 

qualifying ongoing SNAP households. As a result, the average disaster SNAP benefit per person cannot 

be calculated from the information in this table.

Comparison to Reported Data

Table D.4 compares the reported and calculated values of selected variables for fiscal year 2014. 

Reported values and averages reflect those in the SNAP QC datafile before any editing has taken 

place. Calculated values and averages are based on the edited datafile used for this report. 

27 The adjusted total number of households and benefits is lower than Program Data figures by about 1 and 2 percent, 

respectively.

28 Prior to the fiscal year 2009 report, the fiscal year 2003 and fiscal year 2004 SNAP QC datafiles were weighted to 

match the disaster- and error-adjusted monthly numbers of SNAP households, but not individuals or benefits, by State 

and stratum.

100
Table D.4. Comparison of calculated and reported values for selected variables of participating households, 

fiscal year 2014

Variable

Households with:

All 

households

Earned 

income

Elderly

individuals Children 

Non-elderly 

individuals with 

disabilities

Average gross income (dollars)

Calculated ........................................ 

Reported...........................................

759

760

1,221

1,221

876

881

965

965

1,007 

1,006

Average net income (dollars)a

Calculated ........................................ 

Reported...........................................

335

331

544

539

407

402

449

444

501

495

Average total deduction (dollars)b

Calculated ........................................ 

Reported...........................................

538

535

728

730

544

537

615

612

543

542

Average SNAP benefit (dollars)

Calculated ........................................ 

Reportedc .........................................

253

253

298

298

129

126

390

390

187 

188

Percentage with zero gross income

Calculated ........................................ 

Reported...........................................

21.9

22.0

0.0

0.1

7.2

7.2

14.1

14.2

0.0

0.0

Percentage with zero net income

Calculated ........................................ 

Reported...........................................

40.6

43.3

22.8

23.7

21.6

27.4

35.8

36.8

11.9

17.0

Percentage with minimum benefit

Calculated ........................................ 

Reported........................................... 

6.4

6.1

4.8

4.5

17.4

16.8

1.2

1.1

10.1

9.6

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 SNAP QC datafile.

a

Because net income is not used in their benefit determination, 23,481 households participating in MFIP and 565,481 households 

participating in an SSI-CAP program in States that use standardized SSI-CAP benefits are excluded from this comparison.

b

Because deductions are not used in their benefit determination, 565,481 SSI-CAP households in States that use standardized SSICAP benefits are excluded from this comparison.

c

Reported benefit adjusted for reported overissuance errors, underissuance errors, and prorated benefits. 

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APPENDIX E

SAMPLING ERROR OF ESTIMATES
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SAMPLING ERROR OF ESTIMATES

The estimates of the characteristics of SNAP households in this report are based on a sample of 

households and, consequently, are subject to statistical sampling error. One indicator of the magnitude 

of the sampling error associated with a given estimate is its standard error. Standard error measures 

the variation in estimated values that would be observed if multiple replications of the sample were 

drawn. The magnitude of the standard error depends upon (1) the degree of variation in the variable 

within the population from which the sample is drawn; (2) the design of the sample, including such 

issues as stratification and sampling probabilities; and (3) the size of the sample on which the estimate 

is based. This appendix presents estimates of the standard errors associated with key statistics and 

outlines methods for estimating the standard errors of other statistics for which standard errors have 

not been directly calculated. 

Standard Errors

The standard error of an estimated proportion of households (sp) based on a simple random 

sample is:

where p is the weighted estimate of the proportion, N is the number of households in the population, 

and n is the sample size.1 The standard error of an estimated number of households (sN) based on a 

simple random sample is: 

p N (2) N s s = .

These formulas for the standard errors of estimates based on a simple random sample do not 

necessarily apply to estimates derived from more complex samples, such as the stratified design of the 

SNAP QC sample. In this appendix, standard errors calculated using Equations (1) and (2) are referred 

to as “naive standard errors.” Standard errors can be estimated more accurately using a bootstrap 

method. 

The bootstrap method requires the computation of 500 sets of replicate household weights. Each 

set is calculated using a nonlinear programming method based on a random sample of the SNAP QC 

datafile. These replicate weights then are used to calculate standard errors. The following discussion 

presents standard errors of selected estimates that were computed using the bootstrap method. It then 

1 More precisely, n is the sample size corresponding to the population that forms the denominator or “base” of the 

proportion being estimated. When the base is all SNAP households in fiscal year 2014, n = 48,250. Sample sizes for 

selected demographic subgroups for fiscal year 2014 are shown in the sample size column of Table E.1. For subgroups 

not shown in Table E.1, the sample size can be approximated by multiplying the total sample size (48,250) by the ratio of 

the subgroup population size to the total population size (N). For fiscal year 2014, N = 22,445,000 and there were 

4,255,000 elderly households. Thus, the approximate sample size for elderly households in fiscal year 2014 would be 

calculated as (4,255,000/22,445,000)x(48,250) = 9,147. In this case, the approximation can be compared to the true elderly 

sample size of 8,802, as shown in Table E.1.

105
presents a simple method for approximating standard errors of estimates for which individual standard 

errors have not been computed. 

Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers of Households

The standard errors of selected estimates of SNAP households in fiscal year 2014 are shown in 

Table E.1. These standard errors can be used to compute confidence intervals for the estimated 

number of households with a particular characteristic.2 For example, the estimated number of SNAP 

households that receive the minimum benefit is 1,433,000 (Table A.1) and the corresponding standard 

error is 32,807 (Table E.1). The 95 percent confidence interval thus extends from 1,367,000 to 

1,499,000.

3

For standard errors not shown in Table E.1, the approximate standard error (SE) of an estimated 

number of households for fiscal year 2014 can be calculated using Equation (3):

(3) SE = SN x d,

where SN is the naive standard error from Equation (2) above and d is the square root of the design 

effect for the population subgroup and characteristic of interest from Table E.2. The design effect 

reflects the loss of precision due to the different sampling rates in different strata of the SNAP QC 

sample. It is the ratio of the variance computed by the bootstrap method (Table E.1) to the naive 

variance.4 When the population subgroup (for example, households with an elderly person) is listed 

in Table E.2 but the characteristic of interest is not, the average square root of the design effect for 

the subgroup from the right-hand column of Table E.2 is used. When neither the subgroup nor the 

characteristic is listed, use the average square root of the design effect for all SNAP households, 1.59.

For example, to estimate the standard error of the number of households containing an elderly 

person with zero net income, the first step is to obtain the size of the estimate. As shown in Table 

A.3, 917,000 households with elderly individuals have zero net income. The next step is to calculate 

the naive standard error. Using Equations (1) and (2), the value is 18,631.5 Multiplying 18,631 by the 

square root of the design effect (d), 1.84, from Table E.2 yields an estimated standard error of 34,361. 

2 A confidence interval is a range of values that will contain the true value of an estimated characteristic with a known 

probability. For instance, a 95 percent confidence interval extends approximately two standard errors above and below 

the estimated value for a characteristic, and 95 percent of all confidence intervals will contain the true value.

3 Calculated as: (1,433,000 - (2 x 32,807)) = 1,367,000 and (1,433,000 + (2 x 32,807)) = 1,499,000. 

4 The variance and naive variance are the standard error and naive standard error squared, respectively.

5 Equation (1):

�[(917,000/4,255,000)×(1 - (917,000/4,255,000) )×(4,255,000 - 8,802 ) ]/[(8,802 - 1)×4,255,000] = 0.00438

Equation (2): 4,255,000 × 0.00438 = 18,631, 

where 4,255,000 is the estimated population of elderly households, 917,000 is the estimated population of elderly 

households with zero net income, 8,802 is the sample size of elderly households (Table E.1), and 18,631 is the standard 

error.

106
Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages

Comparing Equations (1) and (2), it is apparent that the standard error of an estimated percentage 

of households, Sp, is equal to the standard error of the corresponding count of households, SN, divided 

by the number of households in the population that forms the base of the percentage:

(4) Sp = SN/N. 

For example, Table A.17 shows that, of the 9,789,000 households with children, 1,376,000 (14.1 

percent) have no gross income. The standard error (SN) of the number of households with children 

with no gross income is 33,995 (Table E.1). To calculate Sp, the standard error of the corresponding 

percentage estimate, simply divide SN by the number of households in the population that forms the 

base of the percentage—in this case, 9,789,000 households with children. The resulting standard error 

of the percentage estimate is 0.3 percentage points, and the corresponding 95 percent confidence 

interval extends from 13.4 to 14.8 percent around the point estimate of 14.1 percent.

Equation (4) can also be applied to standard errors not shown in Table E.1. First, calculate the 

adjusted naive standard error of the number of households using Equation (3). Then, divide the 

resulting standard error by the size of the population that forms the base of the percentage. Returning 

to an earlier example—of the 4,255,000 households with elderly individuals, 917,000 (21.6 percent) 

have zero net income. Dividing the adjusted naive standard error (calculated above as 34,361) by 

4,255,000 yields an adjusted naive standard error of the percentage estimate of 0.8 percentage points.

Standard Errors of Estimated Means

The standard errors for selected estimated means for fiscal year 2014 are provided in Table E.3. 

For example, the standard error of the mean gross income for all SNAP households in fiscal year 2014 

is $3.44 (Table E.3) and the mean itself is $759 (Table A.2). Therefore, a 95 percent confidence interval 

extends from approximately $752 to $766.

Generalized approximation methods such as that used in Equation (3) work well for standard 

errors of estimated numbers and percentages because the standard errors depend only upon the 

sample size, the estimated proportion, and the design effects. Generalized methods are less 

appropriate for standard errors of means because the standard error depends upon the variance as 

well as the sample size and design effects. Nevertheless, a rough approximation of the magnitude of 

standard errors of means not included in Table E.3 can be obtained from Table E.4. Table E.4 shows 

for each variable in Table E.3 the average, minimum, and maximum value of that variable’s standard 

error as a percentage of the variable’s mean value. These three values are shown for all SNAP 

households and for selected subgroups. The standard errors in Table E.4 include design effects.

107
Table E.1. Standard errors of estimated numbers of SNAP households, fiscal year 2014

Households (000) with:

Sample 

size

Estimated 

population 

(000)

Zero 

gross 

income

Zero net 

income

Minimum 

benefits

Earned 

income

Elderly 

individuals Children 

School-age 

children

Non-elderly 

individuals 

with 

disabilities

All SNAP households...... 74.96 100.55 32.81 80.97 58.73 88.84 68.22 53.70 48,250 22,445

With elderly 

individuals................ 20.09 34.40 23.98 17.58 58.73 13.62 13.33 11.14 8,802 4,255 

Without elderly 

individuals ............... 72.29 94.30 23.97 80.90 n.a. 88.29 68.13 53.41 39,448 18,190 

With children............ 33.99 51.70 10.67 76.46 13.62 88.84 68.22 33.18 20,910 9,789 

With school-age 

children..................... 29.46 46.94 8.45 59.71 13.33 68.22 68.22 31.36 16,247 7,603 

Without children....... 65.22 87.69 31.15 38.52 57.20 n.a. n.a. 46.57 27,340 12,656 

With earnings ........... n.a. 40.27 17.59 80.97 17.58 76.46 59.71 20.64 15,088 7,016 

With non-elderly 

individuals with 

disabilities................. 

0.19 21.39 19.11 20.64 11.14 33.18 31.36 53.70 10,805 4,579 

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

Note: Standard errors were estimated using the bootstrap method.

n.a. = not applicable.

108
Table E.2. Square root of design effects (d) for standard errors of estimated numbers or percentages of SNAP households, fiscal year 2014

Base of estimated number

Households with:

Average square 

root of design 

effect

Zero gross 

income

Zero net 

income

Minimum 

benefits

Earned 

income

Elderly 

individuals Children 

School-age 

children

Non-elderly 

individuals 

with 

disabilities

All SNAP households.......... 1.77 2.00 1.31 1.71 1.47 1.75 1.41 1.30 1.59

With elderly individuals..... 1.71 1.84 1.39 1.54 n.a. 1.46 1.49 1.44 1.55

Without elderly individuals. 1.81 2.07 1.37 1.83 n.a. 1.93 1.51 1.36 1.70

With children ................ 1.44 1.59 1.45 2.26 1.46 n.a. 2.42 1.41 1.72

With school-age children.... 1.50 1.68 1.35 2.00 1.50 n.a. n.a. 1.44 1.58

Without children ........... 1.90 2.31 1.33 1.41 1.60 n.a. n.a. 1.40 1.66

With earnings................ n.a. 1.68 1.45 n.a. 1.54 3.01 2.11 1.38 1.86

With non-elderly 

individuals with disabilities 0.60 1.50 1.44 1.48 1.54 1.64 1.61 n.a. 1.40

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

Note: The design effect is the ratio of the variance computed by the bootstrap method to the naive variance for the specific cell of the table. The average square root of design 

effect for each row is a simple arithmetic average of the values for each cell in the row.

n.a. = not applicable.

109
Table E.3. Standard errors of estimated means, fiscal year 2014

Gross 

income

Net 

income Benefits

All 

deductions

Total 

resources

Household 

size

Certification 

period Earningsa TANFa SSIa

Shelter 

deductiona

All SNAP households........... 3.44 1.41 0.26 2.21 0.99 0.00 0.05 6.54 6.02 4.61 1.70

With elderly individuals... 7.18 6.29 1.50 6.01 3.58 0.01 0.18 37.32 34.54 8.46 6.15 

Without elderly 

individuals.................. 4.16 1.78 0.62 2.32 0.96 0.00 0.05 6.84 6.07 5.48 1.44

With children.............. 5.13 3.86 2.26 3.19 1.21 0.02 0.03 8.84 6.16 10.63 1.91 

With school-age 

children..................... 6.62 5.26 2.76 3.51 1.44 0.03 0.03 11.22 7.74 11.58 2.24

Without children.......... 4.99 3.20 0.69 2.81 1.49 0.00 0.08 11.87 28.59 5.08 2.91 

With earnings.............. 6.42 5.47 1.94 3.37 1.98 0.02 0.04 6.54 12.24 14.59 2.15

With non-elderly 

individuals with 

disabilities................. 

6.86 6.76 2.06 4.32 2.61 0.02 0.14 31.98 13.00 5.59 3.99 

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

Note: Standard errors were estimated using the bootstrap method.

a

For households with a nonzero amount.

110
Table E.4. Range of standard errors of mean amounts expressed as a percentage of the mean amount, fiscal 

year 2014

Number of households in base of mean (000)

Standard error as

percentage of the mean amount

Averagea Lowestb Highestc

22,445 (All SNAP households)......................................................................... 0.9 0.0 4.4

4,255 (Households with elderly individuals).................................................... 3.3 0.8 12.0

9,789 (Households with children)..................................................................... 1.2 0.3 5.1

7,016 (Households with earnings).................................................................... 1.6 0.4 6.5

4,579 (Households with non-elderly individuals with disabilities)................... 2.4 0.7 10.3 

Source: Fiscal Year 2014 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Quality Control sample.

Note: Standard errors from Table E.3 and mean amounts from applicable text tables.

a

Average standard error across all 11 variables in Table E.3 expressed as a percentage of the mean amount.

bLowest of the standard errors across all 11 variables in Table E.3 expressed as a percentage of the mean amount.

c

Highest of the standard errors across all 11 variables in Table E.3 expressed as a percentage of the mean amount.

111
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APPENDIX F

DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT
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4. Local Agency

9.SNAP Allotment Under Review

PRIVACY ACT/PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT. According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0584-0299. The to complete this collection is estimated to average 1.056 hours per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data gather the data needed, and complete and review the information collection. This report is required under provisions of 7 CFR 275.14. This needed for the review of State performance in determining recipient eligibility. The information is used to determine State compliance, anreport may result in a finding of non-compliance.

Section 2 - Detailed Error Findings

12. Element

3. State

13. Nature

2. Case Number

14. Cause 15. Error Finding

1. QC Review Number

16. Error Amount 17. Discovery 18. Verified 19. Occurre

a. Date

Section 1 - Review Summary

8. Findings 

7. Disposition

5. Sample Month 

10. Error Amount

U.S. Department of Agriculture - Food and Nutrition Service

QUALITY CONTROL REVIEW SCHEDULE

13425678

FORM FNS-380-1 (11-12) Previous Editions Obsolete SBU Electronic Form Version D

115
Section 3 - Household Characteristics

20. Most Recent Cert. Action  Month, Day, Year

21. Type of Action 22. Length of Cert. Period 

 #of months

23. Allotment Adjustment 24. A

Allot

 25. Number of Household Members

 26. Receipt of Expedited Service

27. Authorized Representative  Used at Application

28. Categorical Eligibility 29. Repor

Resources:

30. Liquid 31. Property 

(excluding home)

32a. Vehicle 32b. Status 

2nd Vehicle

33. Countable Vehicle Assets

Income:

35. Gross 36. Net

Deductions:

37. Earned Income 38. Medical 39. Dependent Care 40. Child Support 41. Shelte

 Additional Information on  Shelter Costs:

43. Rent/Mortgage 44. Use of SUA 

a. Usage b. Proration

45. Utilities (SUA or Actual)

116
Section 4 - Information on Each Household Member

46. Person Number

47. SNAP Participation

48. Relation  to Head  of HH

49. Age 50. Sex 51. Race 52. Citizen 

Status

53. Edu. Level

54. Employment Status Hours

55. SNAP Work Reg.

56. SE & T

You may record information on up to 16 individuals using additional pages.

117
Section 5 - Income Identified by Household Member

61. Amount Source 2 62. Income Type 63. Amount Source 3 64. Income Type 65. Amount So

66. 

Section 7 - Optional For State Use

1.2.3.4.

59. Person NumberYou may record income on up to 10 individuals by using additional pages.

Source 1 60. Income Type

Section 6 - Reserved Coding

118

68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.
INDEX
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INDEX

Page(s)

Able-bodied adults.......................................... (see Non-elderly childless adults without disabilities) 

Age .................................... 21, 22, 37, 38, 41, 46, 47, 52-57, 61, 62, 66, 73, 82, 83, 85, 108-110

Agricultural Act of 2014 (2014 Farm Bill) ............................................................................. 3, 11, 29

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA)....................... 9, 11, 21, 27, 29, 93, 94

Asset limit.............................................................................................................. (see Resource limit) 

Assets, countable..........................................................................................................(see Resources) 

Asylees ............................................................................................................................................ 7, 32

Benefits ......................................... 9-11, 14-16, 19-23, 31, 37, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 

 55-58, 60, 61, 64, 65, 69, 70, 81, 93, 94, 98, 100, 101, 108-110

Maximum........................................... .9, 11, 21, 23, 31, 37, 38, 46, 47, 49, 50, 55, 57, 93, 94

Minimum ....................................... 9, 31-32, 37, 38, 46, 47, 50, 55, 57, 64, 94, 101, 108, 109

Prorated.......................................................................................................................9, 21, 22, 61

Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility (BBCE).......................................................................4, 10, 27, 29

Categorically eligible households ......................................................................... 4-5, 29, 39, 40, 80

Certification period (see also Expedited service, Recertification) ....................... 8-9, 29, 38, 50, 53, 

56, 58, 70, 110

Child support income ........................................................................................................... 16, 42, 43

Child support payment deduction....................................................................... 6, 29, 46-49, 55-58

Children ...........................................................14, 16- 19, 21, 22, 29, 37-39, 41, 42, 44-50, 52-57, 

59-62, 64, 66, 73, 82-85, 101, 108-111

Citizenship (see also Noncitizen) ............................................................................ 21, 22, 60, 61, 84

Contributions ........................................................................................................................ 33, 42, 43 

Countable resources ....................................................................................................6, 29, 39-41, 55

Deductions...... 5-6, 10-11, 13, 23, 29-33, 38, 43, 46-49, 53, 55-58, 65, 70, 72, 76, 92, 101, 110

Child support payment....................................................................................6, 29, 46-49, 55-58

Dependent care................................................................................................5, 30, 46-48, 55-58

Earned income .......................................................................................... 5, 30, 46-48, 55-58, 76

Excess shelter expense ...............................................6, 10, 30, 46, 47, 49, 55-58, 72, 92, 110

Medical ...................................................................................................... 6, 11, 31, 46-48, 55-58

Standard ............................................................................................................... 5, 33, 55, 57, 92

Deemed income ..............................................................................................................30, 33, 42, 43

Dependent care deduction ....................................................................................5, 30, 46-48, 55-58

Deportees ....................................................................................................................................... 7, 32 

Earned income............................... 14, 16-18, 20, 30, 37, 38, 42-50, 54-60, 74-76, 101, 108, 109

Earned income deduction............................................................................... 5, 30, 46-48, 55-58, 76

Educational loans .................................................................................................................. 33, 42, 43

Elderly individuals ........................................... 3, 6, 8, 10, 16-22, 30, 37-39, 41, 42, 44-50, 52-57, 

59-61, 64, 66, 73, 82, 85, 101, 106-111

Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT).......................................................................................... 10, 27, 30

121
Energy assistance.................................................................................................................. 33, 42, 43 

Entrant households ............................................................................................................... 30, 51, 77

Excess shelter expense deduction.................................... 6, 10, 30, 46, 47, 49, 55-58, 72, 92, 110

Expedited service households..........................................................................................8, 30, 51, 77

Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 Farm Bill) ........................................ 3, 6, 11, 30

Gender ..................................................................................................................19-21, 52-54, 61, 66

General Assistance (GA) .......................... 17, 18, 27, 32, 33, 37, 38, 42-44, 46, 47, 54-58, 74, 75

Gross income................................................................. 5-6, 8-10, 13-21, 23, 30, 37-41, 43, 46, 47, 

53-58, 64, 65, 70, 71, 90, 101, 108-110

Gross income limit .......................................................................................................................30, 90

Homeless household shelter estimate ...................................................................................6, 30, 92

Household composition..................................14, 16-19, 30, 31, 37, 38, 41, 46, 47, 52-55, 57, 73 

Married head with children households.......................................................14, 16-19, 31, 52-54

Single adult with children households .................................................. 14, 16-19, 32, 52-54, 73

Household head ........................................................................................................ 31-32, 59, 63, 78

Household size........................................................... 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 38, 40, 41, 43, 53, 55-58, 

62, 65, 70, 89-91, 93, 94, 100, 110

Households, participating ...................... 14, 17-18, 37-60, 64, 69, 71-74, 76, 78, 79, 81, 99, 101

Income, monthly countable................... 5, 6, 9, 13-20, 29, 37-47, 53-60, 70, 71, 74, 75, 108-110

Child support .................................................................................................................. 16, 42, 43

Earned...................................... 14, 16-18, 20, 30, 37, 38, 42-50, 54-60, 74-76, 101, 108, 109

General Assistance (GA) .................... 17, 18, 27, 32, 33, 37, 38, 42-44, 46, 47, 54-58, 74, 75

Gross........................................................................ 5-6, 8-10, 13-21, 23, 30, 37-41, 43, 46, 47, 

53-58, 64, 65, 70, 71, 90, 101, 108-110

 Net ........................................ 5-6, 9, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23, 32, 37-41, 43, 46, 47, 53, 55-58, 

64, 65, 70, 91, 101, 108-110

Social Security ............................................ 16-18, 20, 33, 37, 38, 42, 43, 45-47, 54-58, 74, 75

Supplemental Security Income (SSI).............................................. 16-18, 20, 27, 33, 37, 38, 42,

......................................................................................43, 45-47, 54-60, 64, 74, 75, 110

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)....4, 5, 14, 16-18, 21, 27, 29, 32, 33, 37, 38,

.........................................................................42-44, 46, 47, 50, 54-60, 64, 74, 75, 110

Unearned ................................................................................................. 33, 37, 38, 42-47, 55-58

Initial certification households................................................................................................8, 31, 51

Lawful permanent resident noncitizens ..........................................................................7, 21, 31, 32

Married-head households....................................................................................14, 16-19, 31, 52-54

Maximum benefit......................................9, 11, 21, 23, 31, 37, 38, 46, 47, 49, 50, 55, 57, 93, 94

Medical deduction........................................................................................... 6, 11, 31, 46-48, 55-58

Medical deduction demonstrations ........................................................................................ 6, 11, 31

Metropolitan households...................................................................................................... 31, 37, 38

Micropolitan households ...................................................................................................... 31, 37, 38

Minimum benefit................................. 9, 31-32, 37, 38, 46, 47, 50, 55, 57, 64, 94, 101, 108, 109

Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP).................................................................... 10, 27, 32

Net income .................................. 5-6, 9, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23, 32, 37-41, 43, 46, 47, 53, 55-58, 

64, 65, 70, 91, 101, 108-110

Net income limit ........................................................................................................................... 32, 91

Noncitizens ................................................................... 7, 21, 22, 31, 32, 37, 38, 60, 61, 64, 84, 85

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Asylees...................................................................................................................................... 7, 32 

Deportees ................................................................................................................................. 7, 32 

Lawful permanent resident noncitizens....................................................................7, 21, 31, 32 

Nonimmigrant visitors to the United States .......................................................................... 7, 32 

Refugees .................................................................................................. 7, 21, 22, 32, 60, 61, 84

Non-elderly adults ........................................................................... 8, 21, 22, 32, 61, 63, 66, 82, 85

Non-elderly childless adults without disabilities ...................... 8, 20, 22, 37, 38, 52-54, 61, 73, 83

Non-elderly individuals with disabilities........................... 13, 14, 17-20, 22, 37-39, 41, 42, 44-50, 

52-57, 59-61, 73, 83, 101, 108-111

Nonimmigrant visitors to the United States................................................................................. 7, 32 

Nonparticipating household head ....................................................................................... 32, 59, 63

Participants.......................................................... 11, 12, 21, 22, 37, 52, 61-63, 66, 69, 82-85, 100

Poverty, individuals in......................................................................................................11, 12, 13-15

Poverty guidelines................................ 5, 10, 11, 12-15, 32, 37-41, 53, 56, 58, 65, 70, 71, 81, 89

Preschool-age children ...................................................... 22, 32, 37, 38, 41, 46, 47, 55-57, 61, 82 

Prorated benefit ................................................................................................................9, 21, 22, 61

Pure Public Assistance (PA) .................................................................................................. 27, 32, 80

Race/Hispanic status ............................................................................................................ 59, 61, 78

Recertification ................................................................................................................................ 8, 51

Refugees ........................................................................................................ 7, 21, 22, 32, 60, 61, 84

Resource limit..........................................................................................................................4, 6-7, 32 

Rural....................................................................................................................................... 32, 37, 38

School-age children.....................................21, 22, 32, 37, 38, 41, 46, 47, 55-57, 61, 82, 108-110

Self-employment income .............................................................................................................42, 43

Sex ......................................................................................................................................(see Gender) 

Shelter deduction....................................................................(see Excess shelter expense deduction) 

Single adult with children households ........................................................ 14, 16-19, 32, 52-54, 73

Single-person households ......................................................................................... 17-20, 32, 52-54

Social Security .................................................. 16-18, 20, 33, 37, 38, 42, 43, 45-47, 54-58, 74, 75

Social Security Administration (SSA)............................................................................................. 9, 27

SSI-Combined Application Project (SSI-CAP).................................................................... 9, 10, 27, 32

Standard deduction.................................................................................................... 5, 33, 55, 57, 92

Standard error ...........................................................................................................................105-111

Standard utility allowance (SUA) ......................................................................................6, 27, 33, 79

State diversion payments ..................................................................................................... 33, 42, 43

States .......................................................................................................... 3-10, 69-85, 89-94, 97, 99

Supplemental Security Income (SSI).................................................... 16-18, 20, 27, 33, 37, 38, 42, 

43, 45-47, 54-60, 64, 74, 75, 110

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).........4, 5, 14, 16-18, 21, 27, 29, 32, 33, 37, 38, 

42-44, 46, 47, 50, 54-60, 64, 74, 75, 110

Thrifty Food Plan (TFP)......................................................................................................9, 11, 33, 62

Unearned income .......................................................................................... 33, 37, 38, 42-47, 55-58

Unemployment income ......................................................................................................... 33, 42, 43

Veterans’ benefits ................................................................................................................. 33, 42, 43

Wage supplementation ......................................................................................................... 33, 42, 43

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Wages..................................................................................................................................... 30, 42, 43

Work registration .....................................................................................................................7, 33, 63

Work requirements and a time limit............................................................................................. 7, 33 

Workers’ compensation........................................................................................................ 33, 42, 43

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