Data from the

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

SerumCholesterollevels

of Persons4-74 Years of Age

by Socioeconomic Characteristics

United States, 1971-74

Serum cholesterol levels are presented and discussed by anmxd family income, education, and urbanization status for persons aged

4-74 years and by geographic region for adults aged 18-74 years in

the United States, 1971-74. A comparison is made by income and

education with serum cholesterol levels of adults of similar ages in

the United States, 1960-62.

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 80-1667

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Public Health Service

Office of Health Research, Statistics, and Technology

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Md. March 1980

Series 11

Number 217
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Associate DirectorforArrdysis

GAIL F. FISHER, Ph.D., Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statktics System

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Acting Associate Director for Data Systems

ROBERT M. THORNER, SC.D., Acting Associate Director for International Statistics

ROBERT C. HUBER, Associate Director for Management

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph. D., Associate Director for ~athematical Statistics

PETER L. HURLEY, Associate Director for Operations

. JAMES M. ROBEY, Ph.D., Associate Director for Program Development

GEORGE A. SCHNACK, .4cting Associate Director for Research

ALICE HAYWOOD, InformationOfficer

DIVISION OF HEALTH EXAMINATION STATISTICS

ROBERT S. MURPHY, Director

SIDNEY ABRAHAM, Chiej Nutrition Statistics Branch

KURT R. MAURER, Acting Chiej Survey Planning and Deve~opment Branch

DIVISION OF OPERATIONS

HENRY MILLER, Chief He,zlth Examination Field Operations Branch

COOPERATION OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

In accordance with specifications established by the National Center for Health Statistics, the

Bureau of the Census, under a contractual agreement, participated in the design and selection of

the sarnpIe, and carried out the first stage of the field interviewing and certain parts of the

statistical processing.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 11-No. 217

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 80-1667

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-607124
.-. —..

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data I

Fulwood, Robinson.

Serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74 years by socioeconomic characteristics,

United States, 1971-74.

(Vital and health statistics : Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey ; no. 217)

(DHEW publication (PHS) ; 80-1667)

Bibliography: p. 30

Supt. of Dots. no: HE 20.6209:1 1/217

1. Blood cholesterol–United States–Statistics. 2. Social classes–LTnited States–Statistics. 3. Health surveys–United States. 1. Abraham, Sidney, joint author. II. Johnson, Clifford L., joint author. III. Title. IV. Series: United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and health statistics : Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey, Data from

the health examination survey ; no. 217. V. Series: United States. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. DHEW publication (PHS) ; 80-1667. [DNLM: 1. Cholesterol–Blood.

2. Socioeconomic factors. W2 A N 148vk no. 217]

RA407.3.A347 no. 217 [RA645.H87] 312’.0973s [312’.6]

ISBN 0-8406 -0180-8 79-607124

I
CONTENTS

Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................

Serum Cholesterol .................................................................................i................................................

Collection and Storage-HES and HANES ........................................................................................

Cholesterol Deterrninations-I-IJ3S and HANES .................................................................................

Findings .................................................................................................................................................

Annual Family Income .....................................................................................................................

Children and Youths ....................................................................................................................

Adults ...........................................................................................................................o.............o

Education .........................................................................................................................................

Chddren and Youths ....................................................................................................................

Adults ..........................................................................................................................................

Urbanization .....................................................................................................................................

Chiidrcn and Youths ....................................................................................................................

Adufts ..........................................................................................................................................

Geographic Region .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Comparison of HES and HANES for Adults .....................................................................................

Annuzl Family Income ................................................................................................................

Education ....................................................................................................................................

Discussion ..............................................................................................................................................

Income and Education Differences ...................................................................................................

Urbanization and Regional Differences .............................................................................................

Comparison of HES and HANES Data ..............................................................................................

Summary ......o.............o............o......o..........o.........o................................o.o.....o..o.........co.....o................o....

References ..............................................................................................................................................

List of Detailed Tables ...........................................................................................................................

Appendixes

I. Statistical Notes ........................................................................................................................

II. Demographic and Socioeconomic Terms ...................................................................................

III. Sample Size and Estimated Population Tables ..........................................................................

1

2

2

2

3

3

4

5

7

7

9

10

10

11

13

15

15

16

:;

22

23

29

30

31

56

74

76

LIST OF TEXT FIGURES

1. Mean serum cholesterol levels of boys aged 4-17 years, by annual family income and age: United

States, 1971-74 ............................................................................................................................ 3

2. Mean serum cholesterol levels of girls aged 4-17 years, by annual family income and age: United

States, 1971-74 ............................................................................................................................ 4

8. Mean scnun cholesterol levels of white boys aged 4-17 years, by annual family income and age:

United States, 1971-74 ................................................................................................................ 4

4, Mean serum cholesterol levels of black boys aged 4-17 years, by annual family income and age:

United States, 1971-74 ................................................................................................................ 4

...

Ill
5. Mean serum cholesterol levels of white girls aged 4L17 years, by annurd family income and age:

United States, 1971-74 ................................................................................................................

6. Mean serum cholesterol levels of black girls aged 4-17 years, by annual family income and age:

United States, 1971-74 ................................................................................................................

7. Mean serum cholesterol levels of males aged 18-74 years, by annual family income and age:

United States, 1971-74 ............ ...... ...................................................... .. ...... ...... ..........................

8. Mean serum cholesterol levels of females aged 18-74 years, by annual family income and age:

United States, 1971-74 ................................................................................................................

9. Mean serum cholesterol levels of boys aged 4-17 years, by education of head of household and

age: United States, 1971-74 .......................................................... ............... ................................

10. Mean serum cholesterol levels of girls aged 4-17 years, by education of head of household and

age: United States, 1971-74 ................................ ........... ......................... ............................ .........

1 I. Mean serum cholesterol levels of males aged 18-74 years, by educational level and age: United

States, 1971-74 ................................................... ......................................................... ... .............

12. Mean semm cholesterol levels of females aged 18-74 years, by educational level rmd age: United

States, 1971-74 ............................................................................................................... .............

13. Mean serum cholesterol levels of boys aged 4-17 years, by urbanization status and age: United

States, 1971-74 ........................................................................................................ ....................

14. Mean serum cholesterol levels of girls aged 4-17 years, by urbanization status and age: United

States, 1971-74 ............................................................................................................................

15. Mean serum cholesterol leveIs of mafes aged 18-74 years, by urbanization status and age: United

States, 1971-74 ............................................................................................................................

16. Mean serum cholesterol levels of females aged 18-74 years, by urbanization status and age:

United States, 1971-74 ................................................................................................................

17. Mean serum cholesterol levels of white males aged 18-74 years, by geographic region and age:

United States, 1971-74 ............................................................................................................ .....

18. Mean serum cholesterol levels of black males aged 18-74 years, by geographic region and age:

United States, 1971-74 ...................................... ...................... .......................... ..........................

19. Mean serum cholesterol levels of white females aged 18-74 years, by geographic region and age:

United States, 1971-74 ....................... .........................................................................................

20. Mean serum cholesterol levels of black females aged 18-74 years, by geographic region and age:

United States, 1971-74 ...................................... .......................................... ...... ...... ....................

21. Mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Heafth Examination Survey (HES)

1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-74, by annual family

income, sex, and age: United States population ...........................................................................

22. Mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Heafth Examination Survey (HES)

1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-74, by educational

level, sex, and age: United States population .. .............................................................................

23. Differences in mean serum cholesterol levels of aclults aged 18-74 years between Health Examination Survey (HES) 1960-62 and Health rmd Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-74,

by annuil family income, sex, and age: United States population ...............................................

24. Differences in mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years between Health Examination Survey (HES) 1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-74,

by education level, sex, and age: United States population .......................................................

5

5’

6,

6

8

8

9

9

10

11

12

12

14

14

15

15

17

20

25

28

iv
TEXTTABLE

A. DMerences in mean serumcholesterollevelsof adultsaged 18-74 years betweenHealth Examination Survey (HES) 1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-74,

by annualfamilyincome, educationallevel, sex, and age: United States population ................... 24

SYMBOLS

Data not available .-.

Category not applicable . . .

Quantity zero

Quantity more than Obut less than 0.05— 0.0

Figure does not meet standards of

reliability or prectilon———————— *

v
SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS OF

PERSONS 4-74 YEARS OF AGE

BY SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Robinson Fulwood, M.SY.H., Sidney Abraham, and Clifford L. Johnson, M.S.P.H.,

Division of Health Examination Statistics

INTRODUCTION

This report contains estimates of the total

serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74

grouped by socioeconomic characteristics from

the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-74. Previous reports presented and

analyzed serum cholesterol levels in the United

States grouped by age, sex, and race:’2 This

report carries the analysis further by considering

selected measurable socioeconomic characteristics. The Health Examination Survey, “a major

program of the National Center for Health

Statistics, was established by the 85th Congress

in 1956 to determine the health status of the

U.S. population. 3 The programs of the Health

Examination Survey are designed to collect data

by direct examination of probability samples of

the civilian noninstitutional;zed population of

the United States; the data include measures of

nutritional status as well as an assessment of

health and medical care needs.

The first Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey began in April 1971 and was completed

in October 1974. Of the 28,043 persons selected

in the national probability sample to represent

194 million persons aged 1-74 years in the

civilian noninstitutionalized population, 20,749

persons or 74 percent were examined. Among

those aged 4-74 years for whom serum cholesterol determinations were made, 19,005 persons

were examined out of a probability sample of

25,928 selected to represent a population of

184 million. This number represents an unadjusted response rate of 73 percent.

The nutrition examination consisted of a

general medical examination by a physician who

screened for nutritional deficiencies, a skin

examination by a dermatologist, and an oral

examination by a dentist. Body measurements

were taken by a trained technician; a dietary

interview consisted of a 24-hour recall and a

food frequency questionnaire; and numerous

laboratory tests were performed on whole

blood, serum, plasma, and urine. Additional

information on the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey operations and sampling design is

available.4

In this report, the total serum cholesterol

values are analyzed with respect to age, sex,

race, annual family income, education, urbanization, and geographic region. Furthermore, the

adult serum cholesterol levels (18-74) from the

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey are

compared with those of the first Health Examination Survey, 1960-62.
A

SERUM CHOLESTEROL

COLLECTION AND STORAGE –

HESANDHANES

blood specimen was collected from each

nonfasting Health Examination Survey (HES)

examinee in a 15-cm3 Sheppard-Keidel tube.

The tube was kept at room temperature for

a minimum of 1 hour after venipuncture and

then refrigerated for a minimum of 6 hours to

ensure a good clot. The blood clot was freed

gently from the tube, and the tube was centrifuged for 20 minutes. An aliquot of 1 cm3 of

serum was transferred to a prenumberecl serum

vial and frozen. The accumulated vials were

placed in styrofoam containers, packed with dry

ice, and shipped to the Lipid Standarclization

Laboratory of the former Communicable Disease Center (CDC), Public Health Service,

Atlanta, Ga., twice a week.

A blood specimen was collected from each

nonfasting Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey (HANES) examinee and stored in three

15-cm3 vacuum tubes, which were then kept at

room temperature for 20-30 minutes. A. blood.

clot was gently rimmed from each tube, and the

tubes were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2,400

r/rein. The serum from the three vials was

pooled, mixed thoroughly, and distributed in

3-cm3 aliquots to prenumbered vials. Within 1

hour of venipuncture, these serum vials were

placed in the freezer. Daily accumulations of

vials were placed with ample dry ice in styrofoam shippers and sent to the Atlanta CDC laboratory, no thawing occurred in transit. On arrival, the vials were stored at -2 O°C. Multiple

assessments were performed on each 3-ems vial

of serum. The serum eventually used for the

cholesterol assessment was tested at CDC for

iron, iron-binding capacity, and magnesium determinations. The remaining serum in each vial

was refrigerated and then packed in dry ice for

shipment to the CDC Lipid Laboratory at Chamblee, Ga. The serum remained frozen at - 20°C

until analyzed for cholesterol content. Thawing

and freezin~ the serum do not affect the determinations of cholesterol content by competent

extraction methods.5

CHOLESTEROL DETERMINATION–” ,

HES AND HANES

Serum cholesterol determinations also were

made for HES examinees at CDC by usiqg a

modified ferric chloride technique. A comparative study of methods to determine cholesterol

levels at the CDC during the Health Examination

Survey showed that when compared with the

reference method of Abell, Levy, Brodie, and

Kendall,G the ferric-sulfuric method in use overestimated the cholesterol concentration. Therefore, the data in the HES report presented here

are the original ferric chloride values reduced by

a factor of 7.6 percent to approximate the determinations of Abel] et al.’ All serum cholesterol

determinations for HANES exarninees \vere

made in the Lipid Standardization Laboratory

of the Center for Disease Control (CDC). The

analytical method was based on that of Abe~l et

al.,’ but it was modified for a semiautomdted

production line. The method, described in detail”

by Eavenson et al.,s was made possible by the

development of a relatively stable Liebermarm

color reagent and was designed for automatic

pipetting units.

The Lipid Laboratory at CDC compared the

results obtained from the semiautomqted

method with those obtained from the reference .

method of Abell et al.T To examine the bias of

the semiautomated method, data were obtained

from pools of sera analyzed by the refert+nce

method and by the semiautomated methoc[’. In

1972, for pools ranging from 134 to 343 mg/

100 ml, an average positive bias of 4,07 percent

for the semiautomated method was found when

compared with the standard method; for

1973-74 the corresponding figure was a positive

bias of 4.9 percent. The weighted average bias

was 4.5 percent. In this report, serum cholesterol data are presented with a reduction of 4.5

percent to approximate determinations by Abell

et al.7 and to make them comparable to HES

Cycle I data.
Both to confirm visual impressions and to

examine the relationship between socioeconomic

status and serum cholesterol levels, two statistical

tests (Bonneferroni when more than one test

was implied and Z for comparison of means between HES and HANES) were used as described

in appendix I.

Unless otherwise stated, the findings discussed in this section of the report are based on

observed differences in the mean serum cholesterol levels grouped by socioeconomic status.

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

Children and Youths

Age. –The distribution of the mean serum

cholesterol levels by age, sex, and annual family

income is presented in takde 1.

Among children and youths aged 4-17 years,

the mean serum cholesterol levels showed irregular patterns across income levels for each of the

three age categories: 4-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years.

Children aged 6-11 years had the highest mean

serum cholesterol levels at each income group

foIIowed by children aged 4-5 years with youths

aged 12-17 years having the lowest level for

most income groups. As family income increased from less than $4,000 to $15,000 or

more per year, the mean serum cholesterol levels

of children and youths aged 4-17 years were

stable with a narrow range from 166.9 to 168.4

mg/ 100 ml. This range represents the largest

change between any two income groups. This

smaIl difference cam probably be attributed to

sampling variations signaling no real income

effect on the cholesterol level.

Sex and age.–Among boys aged 4-17 years,

those aged 6-11 years generally had the highest

mean cholesterol levels followed by boys aged

12-17 years with those aged 4-5 years having

generally the lowest levels across income groups.

Boys aged 4-5 years showed the largest difference in the mean levels between those with an

income range of $4,000-$6,999 and those with

an income range of $15,000 or more per year by

10.3 mg/100 ml. The mean level of boys aged

6-11 and 12-17 years generally increased with

small differences in the mean levels as income increased. The mean serum cholesterol for girls

aged 4-17 years generally showed the same

trends as those shown for boys. Girls aged 6-11

years had the highest mean cholesterol levels of

the three age categories across each income

group except the $4,000-$6,999 range. This income group had a slight increase in the mean

serum cholesterol level with age: from 165.5

mg/100 ml at age 4-5 years to 168.3 mg/100 ml

at age 12-17 years. Overall, for girls aged 4-17

years, the mean Ievek were generally comparable

as income increased. Nevertheless, the observed

levels for girls were higher at each income group

than for boys except for those whose famiIy income was between $4,000 and $6,999, at this

level the mean cholesterol values were practically

the same (figures 1 and 2).

Age, sex, and race. –The mean serum cholesterol levels showed distinct patterns for white

boys over the three age categories of 4-5, 6-11,

and 12-17 years by family income (table 2 and

— 45 Wan

175

r

-----6.11 Ye~rS

.—-— -- 12.17yem

.--, ~-

..

‘.

170 // ‘.

,/ /.”” ‘. -~ \~-

,~’ /“.,

/’ /’ .\

165

~

/’

/’

‘\

‘\ ./-----

/

./ -----

.\ ,.0

,/’ .b -

160

I 55

,,o~ LPSS than S4.00&S6,999 S7.000.S9,999 S10,0W-S14 ,999 S15,000

S4,0w or more

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

Figure 1. Mean serum cholesterol levels of boys aged 4-17

years, by annual family income and age: United States,

1971-74
figure 3). A large decrease in the mean levels is

observed across groups with less than $4,000

and the $4,000-$6,999 range for white boys

aged 4-5 years; the mean IeveI increased but did

not reach the peak of the lowest income group.

The greatest difference in the mean (although

nonsignificant ), 13.4 mg/ 100 ml, occurred be180

r

— 4.5 years

-——-— 6.11 years

--—-—- 12.17 years

,,, ~

Lessthan $4,000.$6,999 S7,000-$9,999 $10,00s.$14,999 $15,0W

54,CO0 or more

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

Figure 2. Mean serum cholesterol levels of girls aged 4-17 years,

by annual family income and age: United States, 1!371-74

— 4.5 years

.—-—— 6.11 years

175 r

--—-—. 12.17 years

155 I I I

Lessthan $4,000.$6,999 $7,000.$9,999 $10,000

$4,000 or more

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

Figure 3. Mean serum cholesterol levels of white boys aged 4-17

years, by annual family income and age: United States,

1971-74

4

tween the Iowest and the $7,000-$9,999 income

groups for white boys aged 6-11 years. Despite

an increase of 9.0 mg/ 100 ml between the first

two income groups for white boys aged 12-17

years, no red change occurred as incom[~ increased. Overall, the mean serum cholesterol

level showed small observed differences and no

real differences among income groups for white

boys aged 4-17 years.

For black boys, the mean serum cholesterol

levels were generally higher than those for white

boys (table 2 and figure 4). Only two age-income

groups of black boys had lower mean serum

cholesterol levels than white boys–those aged

4-5 years with family incomes less than $4JOO0

and those aged 6-11 years with family incomes

between $7,000 and $9,999. The mean level for

black boys aged 4-5 years increased with no consistent pattern across income groups. The pat~ern

for black boys aged 6-11 and 12-17 years were

the same across each income group; however,

the observed mean levels for those aged &l 1

years were higher at each income group. Overall,

the mean level for black boys aged 4-17 ylears

generally increased with an increase in family

income.

The mean serum cholesterol levels of white

and black girls are shown in table 3. The mean

levels of white girls aged 4-5 years shofied

4.5 years

-———- 6.11 years

1

—---- 12.17v ars

/

Figura 4. Mean serum cholesterol levels of black boys aged 4-17

years, by annual family income and age: United :,,‘4ates,

1971-74
observed differences as large as 9.2 mg/ 100 ml

between the lowest and the $7,000-$9,999 income levels, but these differences were not

found to be significant, As shown in figure 5,

the mean levels for white girls aged 6-11 and 12-

17 years displayed directly opposite patterns

across each income group. The fluctuation in the

mean level appeared to be random with no real

difference in the mean as income levels increased. Overall, the mean cholesterol level increased but not significantly over each income

group for white girls aged 4-17 years from 165.0

mg/ 100 ml for those with a family income of

less than $4,000 to 169.4 mg/100 ml for those

with a family income of $10,000 or more per

year. The observed mean levels for white girls

were generally higher than those for white boys

but generally were lower than those for black

boys across each income group.

Large differences in mean serum cholesterol

levels were observed by age across income groups

for black girls. The mean level of black girls aged

4-5 years as shown in figure 6 decreased rapidly

across the first two income groups, but then increased rapidly from 163.1 mg/ 100 ml at the

income range of $4,000-$6,999 to 182.8 mg/

100 ml at the income range of .$7,000-$ 9,999

and then continued to increase to 188.7 mg/ 100

ml at the highest income group of $10,000 or

— 4.5 years

----- 6.11years

----- 12.17yearn

,,, ~

Lessthan .S4,CWJ$6,999 $7,000.$9,999

$4,000

Slo,ooo

or more

ANNUALFAMILYINCOME

Figure 5. Mean serum cholesterol levels of white girls aged 4-17

years, by annual family income and age: United States,

1971-74

190

4.5qw:

----- 6.11YEWI

----- 12.17yem

.

,60,

LmIthan ., $7,000.$9,9W

S4,000

$1O,wo

or mora

ANNUALFAMILYINCOME

Figure 6. Mean serum cholesterol levels of black girls aged 4-17

years, by annual family income and age: United States,

1971-74

more per year. The mean pattern for black girls

aged 6-11 showed a generally decreasing trend

with the lowest income group having the highest

mean serum cholesterol level. The mean serum

cholesterol level increased consistently across

each income group from 166.1 mg/ 100 ml at the

lowest income Ievel to 188.3 mg/100 ml at the

highest income group for black girls aged 12-17

years. Despite these large observed differences

none were statistically significant. Overall, the

mean serum cholesterol levels of black girls aged

4-17 years decreased sIightly between the first

two income groups and then increased across the

remaining income groups. Black girls aged 4-17

years generally had the highest mean serum

cholesterol levels of the four race-sex groups and

they were followed by black boys. White boys

had the lowest mean serum cholesterol levels.

Among black and white girls aged 4-17 years,

those with a family income of $10,000 or more

per year had the highest mean serum cholesterol

levels.

Adults

Age. –The mean serum cholesterol levels of

adu~ts aged 18-74 years by age, sex, and annual

family income are presented in table 1. The

mean patterns by age showed little if any change

5
as income increased. As shown in table 1, the

mean serum cholesterol levels generally increased with age and appeared to be unaffected

by income level. Overall, the cholesterol level for

adults aged 18-74 years showed no significant

change between income groups as the level of

income increased.

Sex and age. –The mean serum cholesterol

level of males generally increased as income increased within each age group. As depicted in

figure 7, observed differences in the mean levels

among income groups for each age were generally small, however, a few large differences (e g.,

12.8, 12.4, 21.0, and 12.4 mg/100 ml for age

groups 18-24 years between income groups of

$10,000-$14,999 and $15,000 or more; 35-44

years between income groups less than $4,000

and .$10,000-$ 14,999; 45-54 years between income groups $4,000-.$6,999 and $15,000 or

more; and 65-74 years between income groups

$4,000-$6,999 and $7,000-$9,999, respectively)

were associated with relatively large standard errors and were not statistically significant (table

III, appendix I).

Overall, males aged 18-74 years did show a

significant increase in their mean serum cholesterol levels from 207,4 to 217.7 mg/ 100 ml as

— 18.24 years ----------- 45.54 years

,---- 25.34 years — — 55.64 yews

—- —-— 35.44 yaars ----- 65.74 years

240 –

...-”” ...

--- / ~ ~------- ““” -:

---

?

< –+<:::::::::=”’’::::..

.....-

8 22(3 –

-----

-—-7. — ---

S

‘-x. ..----

g ..-0-.

2

g

k

~ 200 ..--- ——--—-— ——— —---- --------

-J

---

?

g

a

: 180

z

<

IL

z

160 I I I I

Lessthan $4,000S6,999 $7,000.$9,999 $10,000.s14,999 $15,000

$4,000 or more

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

Figure 7. Mean serum cholesterol levels of males aged 18-74

years, by annual family income and age: United States,

1971-74

income increased from less than $4,000 to

$15,000 or more Per vear.

The mean serum cholesterol levels for females by age across income groups are shown in

figure 8. In the younger age groups (under age

45), the mean levels decreased at almost (every

income level; however, the reductions were not

significant. The mean levels for females iq age

groups 45 and above shotied larger differences

among income groups, and the trend iq the

mean level, particularly for those aged 45-54 and

65-74 years, was opposite that for younger

females. Females aged 65-74 years showed

statistically significant increases in the mean

levels between the lowest and the highest

income groups and between the $7,000-$9,999

range and the highest income group. Overall, an

inverse relationship was observed betweeq the

mean serum cholesterol and income levels for

females aged 18-74 years. As income increased,

the mean cholesterol level of females aged 18-74

years declined significantly from 221.3 to 210.8

mg/100 mI.

Race, sex, and age.–The mean serum cholesterol levels for white and black males aged 18-74

years grouped by age and annual family in~ome

are presented in table 2. The mean serum cl~oles-

-terol levels showed no consistent patterns & in-

— 18-24 year$ ------- 45.54 years

280 r

—---- 2534 years —— 55.64’years

----- 35.44 years ----- 65-74 years

j.

~ 260 — ~.-

8 ------- -

---

5

_- s--- --- --------- --

g

240 — ‘~———

-1 ~,,..p---... .........--------------------------------- --.-e

g ,.,.. ...

/---

: /-

y 220 ~

0

~

______ -_ -—-- --.—-—- _ ------- _______ .-,

5 200 .

a

-----

------

------ ___ ----

K

z

<

g 180

,60~

LESSthan $4,000.$6,999 $7,000$9,999 $10,000.s14,999 $16,000

$4,000 or rmre

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

Figure 8. Mean serum cholesterol levels of females aged 18-74

years, by annual family income and aga: United !States,

197’I-74

6
come increased within each of the six age

groups. Generally, the highest cholesterol levels

were found at the highest income group for

white males over age 35; however, the differences in these means and means at other income

levels were not statistically significant. No real

differences were found among the means in the

younger age groups as income increased; however, the overall observed mean level of white

males aged 18-74 years did increase from 207.1

mg/100 ml at less than $4,000 to 214.7 mg/100

ml at $10,000 or more per year.

Black males younger than age 45 showed

generally increasing mean serum cholesterol

levels across income categories except for those

in the youngest age category of 18-24 years.

Marked differences of 28.9 and 21.2 mg/100 ml

occurred between those with family incomes of

less than $4,000 and $4,000-$6,999 and $7,000-

$9,999 and $10,000 or more per year for those

aged 18-24 and 25-34 years, respectively, and

33.9 mg/100 ml between those with incomes of

less than .$4,000 and $7,000-$9,999 per year for

black males aged 35-44 years. These large

observed differences may be associated with

large sampling errors that resulted from the relatively small number of cases upon which these

means are based (appendix I, tabIe VII, and appendix III, table XVIII).

The mean level of black males aged 45-54

years decreased across each income group. The

mean level of black males aged 55-64 years generally increased with income while black males

aged 65-74 years showed small differences in

their mean levels as income increased. Overall,

mean serum cholesterol levels for black males

aged 18-74 years showed no significant change

as income levels increased.

BIack males aged 18-74 years generally had

lower mean serum cholesterol levels than white

males aged 18-74 years had at each income

group. ,

The mean serum cholesterol levels of white

and black females aged 18-74 years are presented in table 3. The mean Ievels for white

females aged 18-24 years increased rapidly

between the lowest two income groups and then

decreased consistently across the remaining income groups. The mean patterns for white

females aged 25-34 and 55-64 years were the

same across each income group. As income increased, the mean serum cholesterol levels decreased steadily across each income group; however, the decline was generally faster in the agc

group 55-64 years. Mean serum cholesterol

levels of white females aged 35-44 years increased from 206.4 mg/ 100 ml at less than

$4,000 to 210.6 mg/100 ml for those with

income ranges between $7,000 and $9,999 per

year and then decreased to a mean level below

that of the lowest income group. For those aged

65-74 years, the mean leveI generally increased

with an irregular pattern as income increased.

Overall, for white females, as income increased

from less than $4,000 to $10,000 or more per

year, the mean serum levels showed an inverse

relationship and decreased significantly from

223.7 mg/100 ml to 209.7 mg/100 ml, respectively, a decrease of 14.0 mg/ 100 ml between

the lowest and highest income groups.

The mean level for black females aged 18-24

years increased consistently at each income

group; the opposite was true for those aged 25-

34 years. Black females in the other age groups

showed no consistent patterns in their mean

cholesterol levels as income increased. Overall,

the mean serum cholesterol levels of black

females aged 18-74 years generally decreased as

income increased. Across the income levels black

females had generally lower mean serum cholesterol levels than white females had. The differences in the mean levels between the races for

females aged 18-74 years generally decreased as

income increased.

EDUCATION

Children and Youths

Age. –The mean serum cholesterol levels of

children and youths aged 4-17 years grouped by

educational level of the head of the household,

sex, and single year of age are presented in tables

4 and 5. For children aged 4-5 years, the mean

serum cholesterol levels remained about the

same as the educational level of the head of

household increased. The pattern of mean levels

for both children aged 6-11 and youths aged 12-

17 years generally increased as the educational

level increased. Overall, for children aged 4-5,6-

11, and youths aged 12-17 years, the observed

mean levels increased by 1.0, 3.1, and 5.3 mg/

7
100 ml, respectively, between the lowest and

highest education levels.

Sex and age.–The mean serum cholesterol

levels for boys aged 4-5 years generally increased

as educational level of head of household increased. No change was observed in the mean

level of boys aged 6-11 years as the educational

level increased. The differences were small

enough to be attributed to sampling variations.

The mean serum cholesterol levels for boys aged

12-17 years increased slowly across education

categories from 161.8 mg/ 100 ml for those

whose heads of households had less than 9 years

of education to 167,1 mg/ 100 ml for those with

heads of households with 13 years or more

education. The mean serum cholesterol levels for

boys are shown in figure 9 by education and age.

The mean serum cholesterol level of girls

aged 4-5 years showed no real change as educational level increased from its lowest to highest

level. The mean serum cholesterol level of girls

aged 6-11 years generally increased across educational levels. The pattern for girls aged 12-17

years showed an irregular but generally increasing pattern as educational levels increased. The

greatest difference in the mean level, 7.4 mg/100

ml, occurred between those whose head of

household had 9-11 years of education and

those whose head had 13 years or more of

education (figure 10). No statistically signil~icant

difference was found between the means for the

4-5, 6-11, or 12-17 age groups across the educational levels,

Race, sex, and age.–The mean serum cl~olesterol levels for white boys generally increased

with an increase in the educational levels of the

heads of households for the 4-5,6-11, and 12-17

age groups; however, no significant differences

occurred in the mean levels. Overall, white boys

aged 4-17 years showed no real change iri the

mean level between the lower two educational

levels; a slight increase in the mean level was

observed between the categories 12 years and 13

years or more of education; the greatest difference in the mean leveI, 4.3 mg/ 100 ml, occurred

between the educational levels of 9-11 years and

13 years or more. The mean serum cholesterol

levels of black boys aged 4-17 years show{+d no

consistent pattern as the educational level increased. Those black boys whose head of household had 9-11 years of education had the lowest

mean serum cholesterol levels, and those whose

household head had less than 9 years of education had the highest, however, the mean levels

for less than 9 years and 12 years of education

of head of household were practically the same,

— 4.5 years

----- !S.11yews

------ f2.17 years

------- . - —----------

-----------

,/ /

,/’

,/

/

,0’

/“

/’”

,/”

/“

/“

------- _,

1

Lessth.m 9-11 years 12 wars 13 years

9 years or more

EDUCATION OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD

— 4.5 yaarq

----- 6-11 yeah

----— 12.17 yews

17B —

‘/

~ 176 — /’

/

8 /’

s 174 -

&

$ 172

-1

0

z

u

= 168 —

>

~

; 166

$

/

z 164 —=--”- . . . ,/’

---. /

,,2 ~-l

Les~than 9.11 years 12 years 12 years

9 years or moro

EOUCATION OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLO

Figure 9. Mean serum cholesterol levels of boys aged 4-17

vears. bv education of head of household and age: United

itate5, 1971-74

8

Figure 10. Mean serum cholesterol levels of girls aged 4-17

years, by education of head of household and age: United

States, 1971-74
White boys aged 4-17 years had consistently

lower mean serum cholesterol levels at each

educational level than black boys had (table 7).

The mean levels for white girls generally

showed the same patterns as did the levels for

white boys in the 4-5, 6-11, and 12-17 age

groups as the educational level increased. However, girls aged 12-17 years showed significantly

higher mean levels for those whose head of

household had 13 years or more of education

than those whose head of household had 9-11

years of education. Overall, the mean levels of

white girls aged 4-17 years generally increased

across educational levels. The mean levels for

black girls aged 4-17 years showed no change in

the means between the lowest and highest educational groups. However, the levels increased

between the first and second educational groups

from 172.2 to 177.9 mg/100 ml and then

declined to 172.1 mg/ 100 ml at the highest

educational level (table 7).

Adults

Age. –The overaII mean serum cholesterol

levels of adults aged 18-74 years showed an inverse relationship with educational levels. As the

level of education increased from less than 9

years to 13 years or more, the mean serum

cholesterol level decreased significantly from

225.8 to 207.3 mg/ 100 ml. The distribution by

education and age is presented in table 6.

Sex and age.–The patterns across the educational levels for each age group are shown in

figures 11 and 12 for males and females. No

significant reductions were found in the mean

level for each age group as educational levels

increased for males, but the opposite was true

for femaIes. Overall, both males and females

aged 18-74 years showed statistically significant

reductions in their mean levels–l 1.1 and 26.3

mg/100 ml, respectively.

Race, sex, and age.–As educational level

increased from less than 9 years to 13 years or

more, the mean serum cholesterol level of white

males aged 18-74 years decreased significantly

from 219.9 to 208.0 mg/100 ml. Black males

aged 18-74 years showed a significant decrease

in mean level from 217.4 at less than 9 years of

education to 196.7 mg/100 ml at 12 years of

education and increased to 210.6 mg/ 100 ml at

13 years or more of education. However, the

reduction between the lowest and highest levels

was not significant. The distribution by educational level and age for white and black males is

shown in table 8. The me~ serum cholesterol

levels of both white and black females aged 18-

74 years decreased consistently across each

educational level. The overall decline was most

— 18.24 years ----------- 4554 years

.—-—— 25.34 vears —— 55-64 years

-— --- 35-44 wars ----- 6574 years

240

r-

—.

--:.:.:.:-~ w.:-> -<-y--’-----”-- ---’”c

. . . . . . ...- ------

220

/“M ---:-

0“ - ~=:==_.===:=

0“

/“

.“”------------

Zm ,0’ —- —-—____

,.0

/0

,. ~

Lessthan 9.11 years 12 yea= 13 years

9 wars or more

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

Figure 11. Mean serum cholesterol levels of males aged 18-74

years, by educational level and age: United States, 1971-74

260 r

— 18.24 years . . . . . . . . . . . 45.54 years

---—. 2534years —— 55.64 yews

------ 3s-44years ----- 66-74 years

.................. ........................................

......................-

220

t

I

200

------- -._.~ ------- ----- ----- ---- --

--~

------ .——--— —---— ______

-----

,,o~ Lessthan 9.11 yews 12 years

e years

13 yearn

or more

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

Figure 12. Mean serum cholesterol levels of females aged 18-74

years, by educational level and age: United States, 1971-74

9
rapid between the lower two educational levels

for both races. The mean decreased significantly

by 26.5 and 28.7 mg/100 ml between the lowest

and highest educational levels, respectively, for

white and black females aged 18-74 years. At

each educational level white females had consistently higher mean serum cholesterol levels

than black females had (table 9).

URBANIZATION

Children and Youths

Age. –The mean serum cholesterol level of

children and youths aged 4-17 years by urbanization status is shown in table 10. The mean

levels for the three age groups, 4-5, 6-11, and 12-

17 years, were consistently higher for those living in urbanized areas of one million persons

than for those living in urbanized areas of less

than one million ‘persons. No real difference was

found among urbanized and nonurbanized areas.

Overall, the mean serum cholesterol level of

children and youths aged 4-17 years was highest

for children living in urbanized areas of one million persons or more and generally the lowest

for those living in urbanized areas of less than

one million persons; however, the mean difference between these two areas was not significant.

Sex and age.–The observed mean serum

cholesterol level was higher for boys living in

urbanized areas of one milIion persons or more

than in urbanized areas of less than one million

persons for each age category except 4-5 years.

For nonurbanized areas, boys living in urban

areas had consistently higher mean serum cholesterol levels at each age category than boys living

in rural areas. For each age cagetory, 4-5, 6-11,

and 12-17 years, boys living in rural areas had

generally lower mean serum cholesterol levels

than those living in any other areas (figure 13).

Overall, boys aged 4-17 years living in urbanized

areas of one million persons or more had the

highest mean serum cholesterol level; however,

no real difference in the mean level existed between these boys and boys aged 4-17 years living

in any other area.

Girls aged 4-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years living

in urbanized areas of one million persons or

175 — 4.5vem

-–-–. 6.11wars

‘x

‘x, ----- 12.17vears

‘x

‘x,

----

--. /.,

--- /’ ‘\

-,-

/ ‘-–-’%:;--–

,/’

.\.

~.

.\.

\

.\. ,/’

,,/

155 ~

1 million Lessthan Urban Rural

persons 1 million

or more persons

I I I I

Urbanized area Nonurbanlzed area

URBANIZATION STATUS

Figure 13, Mean serum cholesterol levels of boys aged 4-17

years, by urbanization status and age: United States, 19ZI -74

more had higher observed mean serum cholesterol levels than their cohorts living in urbariized

areas of Iess than one million persons. The

observed differences were relatively large for

girIs aged 4-5 and 6-11 years but almost negligible for those aged 12-17 years. For nonurbanized areas, the mean levels were generally the

same for urban and rural areas for each age category (figure 14). Similarly to the pattern for

boys aged 4-17 years the largest difference in the

mean level occurred between girls living in the

two urbanized areas. Overall, no real change occurred in the mean levels regardless of the residential area for girls aged 4-17 years. Thus, urbanization status was not an important factor

affecting the mean serum cholesterol levels of

of girls aged 4-17 years.

Race, sex, and age.–The mean serum cholesterol levels of white and black boys by urbanization status are presented in table 11. The

observed mean levels for white boys aged 6-11

and 12-17 years were higher for those living in

urbanized areas of one million persons or ]more

than for those living in urbanized areas with less

than one million persons. The opposite was true

for white boys aged 4-5 years. The mean level

for white boys aged 4-5 years showed no significant change between those living in urban (non10
180 r

— 4-5 years

----- 6.1! years

----- 12.17 years

..

1 million Le!sthan Urban Rural

persons 1 million

or more persons

I I I I

Urbanizedarea Nonurbanked area

URBANIZATION SI’ATUS

Figure 14. Mean serum cholesterol levels of girls aged 4-17

yeers, by urbanization status and age: United States, 1971-74

urbanized) areas and those living in rural areas.

White boys aged 12-17 years living in urban

areas had a higher mean serum cholesterol level

than those living in rural areas. A significant

reduction of 10.2 mg/ 100 ml occurred between

white boys aged 6-11 years living in urbanized

areas (one million persons or more) and those in

rural areas. Overall, white boys aged 4-17 years

living in urbanized areas of one million persons

or more had the highest mean serum cholesterol

level followed by those living in urban (nonurbanized) areas. White boys aged 4-17 years living

in rural areas had the lowest mean cholesterol

level. No real differences were found in the

mean levels for white boys aged 4-17 years as

urbanization status changed. The mean levels for

black boys aged 4-5, 6-11, and 12 years showed

no consistent trends as urbanization status

changed from urbanized to rural. The mean

levels for black boys living in nonurbanized areas

were higher for those in urban areas for the age

groups 4-5 and 12-17 years, and higher in rural

areas for those aged 6-11 years. The overall

trend for bIack boys aged 4-17 years was different from that for white boys aged 4-17 years.

Black boys aged 4-17 years living in urbanized

areas had the lowest mean serum cholesterol

levels and those living in rural areas had the highest level. No significant changes occurred in the

means as urbanization status changed for both

black boys and white boys aged 4-17 years.

The mean serum cholesterol levels for white

girls generally showed decreasing trends across

the urbanization status categories for all the age

groups except 12-17 years. For white girls living

in urbanized areas, the mean levels were consistently higher for those living in areas of one million persons or more than for those living in

areas with less than one million inhabitants for

each age category. For each age category white

girls living in urbanized areas of one miHion persons or more generally had higher mean cholesterol levels than those living in rural areas; however, the differences in the means were not

significant. Overall, white girls aged 4-17 years

living in urbanized areas of one million persons

or more had the highest mean serum cholesterol

level and those in urbanized areas of less than

one million persons had the lowest. Black girls

aged 4-5 years living in rural areas had the highest mean serum cholesterol Ievel; in contrast,

black girls aged 6-11 years living in rural areas

had the lowest level. Urbanization status did not

affect the mean cholesterol levels of black girls

aged 12-17 years; their mean levels remained

generally the same regardless of their place of

residence. Overall, the mean serum cholesterol

level for black girls aged 4-17 years decreased

from 176.2 mg/100 ml for those living in urbanized areas of one million persons or more to

173.7 mg/100 ml for those living in rural areas

(table 12). Mean differences by race were generalIy too small to suggest any significant relationship between urbanization status and mean

serum cholesterol levels for girlsaged 4-17 years.

Adults

Age. –For adults in the younger age groups

18-24 and 25-34 years, observed differences in

the mean cholesterol levels were generally small

as urbanization status changed. Of adults aged

35-44 years, those living in urban (nonurbanimd)

areas had the highest mean cholesterol level, and

those living in urbanized areas of ICSSthan one

million person had the lowest. Mean sawn-s

cholesterol levels of adults aged 45-54 years decreased from 236.3 mg/ 100 ml for those living

in urbanized areas of one million persons or

11
more to 228.0 mg/ 100 ml for those living in

urbanized areas, but with less than one million

inhabitants; the mean remained at this level for

those living in urban areas and then decreased

slightly to 226.6 mg/ 100 ml for those living in

rural areas. This urbanized-rural decIine of 9.7

mg/100 ml was significant.

Adults aged 55-64 years living in urbanized

areas of less than one million persons had higher

mean serum cholesterol levels than persons of

the same age living in any other area. As the

level of urbanization changed from urbanized to

rural areas, the mean serum cholesterol level of

adults aged 65-74 years showed little if any

observed difference until it reached its lowest

level for persons living in rural areas (table 10).

Overall, the mean serum cholesterol level of

adults aged 18-74 years was highest for persons

living in urbanized areas of one million inhabitants and lowest for those living in urban (nonurbanized) areas; however, this difference of 3.2

mg/ 100 ml was not large enough to show any

real urbanization effect on the mean level for

adults aged 18-74 years.

Sex and age. –The mean serum cholesterol

levels for each level of urbanization status were

higher for males than for females for age gT-oups

25-34 and 35-44 years but generally lower for

males than for females at every other age-urbanization group. The mean levels for each of the

six age categories generally decreased as urbanization status changed from urbanized to rural

areas for males except at age 25-34 years.

Females showed relative small differences in the

younger ages less than 45, but generally larger

differences in ages 45 and over (figures 15 and

16). Overall, the mean level for males aged 18-74

years decreased slightly from 213.7 mg/ 100 ml

for those living in urbanized areas to 210.4 mg/

100 ml for those living in rural areas. For females aged 18-74 years, the mean level also

showed a narrow band from 215.9 mg/ 100 ml

for those living in urbanized areas to 213.6 mg/

100 ml for those living in rural areas. These overall mean differences between urbaxiized and

rural areas were not significant for either males

or females aged 18-74 years.

Race, sex, and age.–The mean levels by

urbanization status and age for white and black

males are presented in table 11. For white and

78.24 years ----------- 45.54 years

----- 25.34 years —— 55.64 years

------ 35.44 yearn ----- 65.74 years

240 ~

.... —-”-. ------------------- ........-- : -----------.-

8~ 220 ------

---------- -------

.<-

“-------- -

g

A

0

K

:

------ --

~ 200 == —--

----- ----

----

:

--

-----

u

z

~

.

: 180

$

z

..

1 million Lessthan Urban Rural

persons 1 million

or more persons

I J l_l

Urbanizedarea Nonwbanized area

URBAN IZATICIN sTATUS

Figure 15. Mean serum cholesterol Ievals of males aged 18-74

years, by urbanization status and age: United States, 1971-74

I

— 18.24 years ----------- 45.54 years

————- 25.24 years — — 55.64 years

260 ~ -— .-. . 35-44 years ----- 65.74 years

F--

------- ------ ----

‘\-—- ---.--z

240 ..

--%...

. . . . . . ..-

------- . . . . . . .

---------------------- . . . . . . . . . . ..-. ----. ----”-

220

1

--_ .--— --------- ----

------

-----------

2SQ

-.----- —-- ——--— —— -- -— —-------- -.

,80 ~

1million Lessthan Rural

persons 1 million

or more persons

I I I I

Urbanizedarea Nonwbanized area

URaA’NIZATION STATUS

Figure 16. Mean serum cholesterol levels of females aged 18-74

years, by urbanization status and aga: United States, 1971-74

12
black males aged 18-74 years, the mean serum

cholesterol level generally decreased as the status

of urbanization varied from urbanized to rural

areas. Overall, the observed differences in the

mean level ranged from O.5 to 4.0 mg/ 100 ml

for white males aged 18-74 years as the urbanization status changed; the differences for black

males aged 18-74 years ranged from O.3 to 9.3

mg/ 100 ml. The differences for both races were

not significant. White males aged 18-74 years

had higher mean serum cholesterol levels than

black males had at every urbanization level

except for those white males living in urbanized

areas of less than one million persons.

As shown in table 12, the mean serum

cholesterol levels for white females aged 18-74

years were higher than those for black females

across every urbanization area except rural. The

mean level for white females decreased slightly

from 216.1 mg/100 ml for those living in

urbanized areas of one million persons or more

to 213.6 mg/ 100 ml for those living in rural

areas. Differences in the mean levels across

urbanization status for black females aged 18-74

years also were smaI1.No real effect of urbanization status on the mean cholesterol levels for

both white and bIack females aged 18-74 years is

evident.

GEOGRAPHIC REGION

Age. –The observed differences in the mean

serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74

years were small for each age across geographic

regions as shown in table 13. Overall, no statistically significant difference was found in the

overall means for adults aged 18-74 years; however, adults aged 18-74 years living in the Northeast Region had a mean level of 216.2 mg/100

ml, and those in the other regions had generally

similar mean levels of about 212 mg/100 ml.

Sex and age. –The mean serum cholesterol

levels were highest for males living in the Northeast Region at every age group except 65-74

years. Males living in the Midwest had the lowest

levels for ages 18-34 years, the South for ages

35-64 year~,

years. Large

15.6 mg/100

and the “Northeast for ages 65--74

differences in means of 13.5 and

ml were observed for males aged

35-44 years between those living in the Northeast and the South, and for males aged 65-74

years between those living in the Northeast and

the West, respectively. Despite the magnitude of

these differences, they were not statistically

significant. Overall, males aged 18-74 years living

in the Northeast had the highest mean serum

cholesterol level; those living in the Midwest had

the lowest level. Males aged 18-74 years living

in the Midwest and South had comparable mean

serum cholesterol levels.

The mean patterns for females were different from those for males. The mean levels for

females aged 18-24 years were generally the

same for each region. Females aged 25-34 years

living in the South had the highest mean level,

and those living in the West had the lowest—an

observed mean difference of 6.2 mg/ 100 ml.

Females aged 35-44 years had comparable mean

cholesterol leveIs for those living in the Northeast, Southj and West. Those females living in

the Midwest had a slightly higher mean level. A

dichotomy exists for females aged 45-54 years.

Those femaIes living in the Northeast and Midwest had comparable mean levels, while those

living in the South and West had similar levels.

The largest mean difference between any two

regions within either dichotomy was about 9

mg/100 ml. The mean IeveIs for females aged 55-

64 years were generally the same for each geographic region. Females aged 65-74 years living

in the Northeast and West had the highest mean

serum cholesterol leveIs while those in the South

and Midwest had the lowest mean levels—the

largest mean difference, 8.2 mg/100 ml,

although not significant, occurred between those

living in the Northeast and Midwest. Similar to

males aged 18-74 years, females living in the

Northeast had higher mean levels than females

aged 18-74 years living in any other region. Unlike males aged 18-74 years, females living in the

West had the lowest mean leveIs. Females aged

18-74 years living in the Midwest and South had

comparable mean IeveIs.

Race, sex, and age.–The distributions for

white and black maIes by geographic region are

shown in table 14. As shown in figure 17, among

white males in the younger age groups 18-24

and 25-34 years, those living in the Northeast

had the highest mean serum cholesterol levels;

13
— 18.24 years . . ..- 45-54 years

-———- 25.34 years —— 55.64 rears

- -—-— 35.44 years ----- 65.74 years

240

F

------

. . .. . .

:

.::::;~”””:”””””-””-

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

z . ~-=- -

5

220 --------

g

-=--

----

------

----

$

I

r ---- q 200 --.-

-._____ -_ —__

-----------

?

v

I

l,o~

Northeast Midwest South West

GEOGRAPHIC REGION

Figure 17. Mean serum cholesterol levels of white males aged

18-74 years, by geographic region and age: United States,

7971-74

those living in the Midwest had the lowest. The

pattern changed for the next three agegroups–

35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 years. White males

living in the Northeast showed the highest mean

levels and their cohorts living in the South had

the lowest levels. The mean levels for white

males aged 65-74 years showed the same pattern

across geographic regions as those for males aged

65-74 years. No significant changes occurred in

the means among regions for any of the six age

groups despite a few large observed differences.

Overall, the mean level for white males aged 18-

74 years was highest for those living in the

Northeast and lowest for those living in the

South; however, these means were not significantly different. Black males at each age category showed relatively large differences in the

mean serum cholesterol levels among regions.

The larger differences ranged from 8.7 mg/ 100

ml between black males aged 55-64 years living

in the South and those living in the West to 37.5

mg/100 ml between black males aged 25-34

years living in the same two regions. These large

observed differences are the result of a relatively

small number of black males in some of these

cells (appendix III). Black males living in the

West had lower mean serum cholesterol levels

than those living in any other region except for

black males aged 35-44 and 65-74 years (figure

18). The overall means for black males aged 18-

74 years showed that those living in the South

had the highest mean level and those in the Nl[idwest had the lowest. Geographic location did not

significantly affect the overall mean serum

cholesterol levels of black males aged 18-74

years.

The mean serum cholesterol levels by age,

race, and geographic region for females aged 18-

74 years are presented in table 15. White fema~es

showed exactly the same mean level patterns by

age across geographic regions as did females aged

18-74 years. As seen in figure 19, the mean differences by age are too small to show any real

variation in the mean serum cholesterol levels~as

a result of geographic location. This finding is

also true for the overall means for white females

aged 18-74 years.

Black females showed generally the same

variability in mean cholesterol levels as black

males did. The differences in the mean levels for

black females aged 25-34 years ranged from 14.7

mg/ 100 ml between those living in the Northe+st

and those living in the West to 37.5 mg/ 100 ~1

for black females aged 55-64 years between

those living in the Northeast and those living: in

the Midwest (figure 20). Overall, black fema]es

— 18.24 years . . . . . . . .. . . 45.54 vears

—— -- 25.34 wars —— 55.64 years

-— -— - 35.44 vears ‘---- 65.74 vears

240 —

., ””--..* -. .. .

— .,--

-,-~,:0~

.. . . .

..

.,. .’

2 ..- ----- ... . .. -~

z

,. ..’ ----------

. .-

x 220 $------ /o\ .~.....

;

.< .%.

/’, ~ \

// ..%.-

,{/ .

\ -.. .

$ ‘\- \

\

~-

,4/”

\

r

~- \

~.

~ 200 —

\ %\ ,, \

:

. -;/ \

------ \

u

---./ \

s

\

2

\

E

g

z 180 —

<

g

~::t~em’

GEOGRAPHIC REGION

Figure 18. Mean serum cholesterol levels of black males aged

18-74 years, by geographic region and age: United States,

1971-74

14
COMPARISON OF HES AND HANES

— 18.24 years ----------- 45.54 years

.---— 25.34 y3ars —— 55.64 vears

260 r --—--35.44 years ----- 65.74 VETS

b

.

--~---- ---~ ---------- ---~---------- : 240

-~// ‘–

-.

g -------------------------------------

A . . . . . . . .------

g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

r

n 220

A

0

g

z

1

2 -/--- ------------- --- . _ . _. _. _. ___

u

Lu

~ 200

z

a ______ -— —-. —— - ——-——— ._.

-------- 2

,,o~ Northeast Midwest South West

GEOGRAPHIC REGION

Figure 19. Mean serum cholesterol Ievelsof white females aged

18-74 years, by geographic region and age: United States,

1971-74

FOR ADULTS

Annual Family 1ncome

Age.–Table 16 shows the distribution of the

mean serum cholesterol levels for HIM and

HANES by age, sex, and annual family income.

The mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged

18-24 years were consistently higher for HANES

than for HES at each income level. The differences were larger in the higher income groups.

Adults aged 25-34 years had lower mean serum

cholesterol levels for HANES than for HES at

every income level except for the category of

less than $4,000 per year. The mean differences

18.24 years . . . . . . . . . . . 45.54 years

—-——. 25.34 years —— 55$4 Years

r ------ 35.44 vears ----- 65.74 years

k

./’\\~ =“-” / --- -.s--

,<-:--------

---

.---- ----2.7 e------- _—

------ ...

.----

/...

.... -....-

....

.... /..--”

%----

1-

---- .-O”

----- /./- ./-

—-’ +------

- . _ . _.-_==-<.

--.

---------- -.

,Rtil,.

West

GEOGRAPHIC REGION

Figure 20. Maan serum cholesterol levels of black famales aged

18-74 years, by geographic region and aga: United Statas,

1971-74

aged 18-74 years living in the Midwest had the

highest mean leveI and those living in the South

had the lowest; the opposite was true for black

males aged 18-74 years. Geographic region had

no real effect on the mean serum cholesterol

levels of black females aged 18-74 years.

between HES and H“ANES were Iargest in the

lowest and highest income groups- 7.5 mg/ 100

ml between the two groups with an income of

less than $4,000 and 11.1 mg/100 ml between

the two groups with an income of $10,000 or

more per year; the latter difference was significant. The other income groups did not show any

large differences in the mean levels between HES

and HANES. The mean levels for adults aged 35-

44 years were generally lower for HANES than

for HES across income groups; the largest difference in the mean level, 7.4 mg/ 100 ml, occurred

for those with an income of $10,000 or more

per year. Adults aged 45-54 years showed no

real change between HES and HANES as income

increased. The mean levels for adults aged 55-64

years were higher for HANES in the lower two

income groups (less than $4,000 and $4,000-

$6,999) but lower for HANES in the upper income groups ($7,000-$9,999 and $10,000 or

more). The mean levels between HES and

HANES for adults 55-64 years with incomes of

$10,000 or more differed significantly by 16.6

mg/ 100 mI. For adults aged 65-74 years, the

mean serum cholesterol levels were lower for

HANES than for HES at every income level

except $4,000-$6,999. A large difference of

18.2 mg/100 ml occurred between HES and

HANES for those whose annuzd family income

ranged from $7,000 to $9,999 per year; this

reduction, however, was not statistically significant.

Sex and age.–The

levels for males aged

for HANES than for

mean serum cholesterol

18-24 years were higher

HES at every level of

15
family income. As shown in figure 21, the mean

differences varied across income with the largest

differences between the two groups occurring

in the lowest (less than $4,000) and highest

($10,000 or more) income groups. Males aged

25-34 years displayed the same patterns for HES

and HANES as did adults of both sexes. However, the mean levels were generally higher for

males aged 25-34 years than those for adults of

both sexes of the same age for both HES and

HANES. Males aged 35-44 years showed consistently lower mean levels for HANES than for

HES across each income level; the mean differences between HES and HANES were largest

in the higher income groups and diminished as

income decreased. Males aged 45-54 years had

higher mean serum cholesterol levels in the

highest and lowest income groups for HANES

than for HES, and lower mean levels for H&JES

than for HES in the middle income group,. The

mean levels for males aged 55-64 years were

higher for HANES for income groups less than

$4,000 and $4,000-$6,999 and lower for

HANES than HES for income groups $7,000-

$9,999 and $10,000 or more. Males aged 65-74

years had lower mean serum cholesterol levels

for HANES than for HES at every income level

except for the category of less than !J4,000 per

year. At this income level, the means differed

only by 2.1 mg/ 100 ml, Larger differences were

observed as income continued to increase; however, these differences were not significant.

As previously observed for males aged 18-24

years, figure 21 shows that females aged 18-24

years had consistently higher mean levels for

HANES than for HES at each income level, The

mean levels showed little, if any, change at the

smallest income group (less than $4,000); however, the difference in the means generally increased with a rise in family income. The largest

observed difference of 14.5 mg/ 100 ml occurred

for those with an income of $7,000-$9,999.

The mean serum cholesterol levels for females

aged 25-34 years consistently increased for HES

but consistently decreased for HANES across income levels; consequently, HANES showed

higher mean levels in the lower income groups

and HES showed higher mean levels in the larger

income groups. The observed means were 14.5

mg/ 100 ml lower for HANES than for HES for

those who fell within the income group $10,000

or more followed by 10,5 mg/ 100 ml lower for

HES than for HANES for those whose inco~e

was less than $4,000, Females aged 35-44 yedrs

had lower mean levels for HANES in the smallest and largest income groups and higher mean

levels for HANES than HES in the middle income groups. The observed mean differences

were larger for the extreme income groups th+m

for the middle income groups; the largest o’bserved difference between HES and HANES for

females aged 35-44 years occurred for those

with an income of $10,000 or more per year.

Females aged 45-54 years had higher mean

serum cholesterol levels for HANES at every income level except for the category of less thhn

$4,000. The mean serum cholesterol levels

showed generally small differences between HES

and HANES for the first three income groups

for females aged 55-64 years; however, for the

group with an income of $10,000 or more per

year, a significant reduction of 26,8 rng/100 ml

occurred in the mean level. Females aged 65-74

years had a statistically lower mean serum cholesterol level for HANES than for HES for those

with incomes of less than $4,000. No real reductions in the means were found between the two

surveys at any @her income group; however, the

mean level for HANES was 14.4 mg/ 100 &l

lower than that for HES females with an incorhe

of $7,000-$9,999.

Education

Age.–The mean serum cholesterol levels bf

adults aged 18-74 years for HES and HANES ‘by

educational level and age are presented in table

17. The mean levels were higher for HANES at

all educational levels for adults aged 18-24 years

than for HES. The largest differences in tbe

:mean levels between HES and .HANES occurrkd

for those with less than 9 years of educatick

(10.7 mg/100 ml) and for those adults with 13

years or more of education (5.8 mg/100 ml).

Those adults with 9-12 years of education had

comparable mean levels. For adults aged 25-34

and 35-44 years, HES and HANES had generally

the same mean cholesterol level across each educational leveI except for those adults with 13

years or more of education. The level for

HANES was lower than the level for HES by 5.2

mg/ 100 ml for adults aged 25-34 years and by

16
MALES

18.24 years

$

:

3

a

H

z

a

:

$4,000 .s6,999 S9,999 or more

25.34 year%

J

g

#

210

!!

g 190

v

z

2 170

:

z

a

%

o

Lessthan S4>ooo. $7,000. $1OW2

$4,000 %,999 $9,999 or more

35-44 vears

270 ~

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

Elms

EzlHANES

FEMALES

18.24 years

270

25JI

F

230

t

210

t

190

170

0

Lessthan S4JXXI’ S7,0W. $10,000

S4,000 S6,9S9 S9,999 or more

25.34 years

270

250

Zm

210

190

170

0

Lessthan S4,000. S7,0W S10,000

S4,000 36,989 39,999 or more

3544 Yews

270

[

250.,

Figure 21. Mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 yeers for Health Examination Survey (HES) 1880-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Suwey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age: United States population

17
MALES FEMALES I

45.64 years 45.54 yeaa

270

[

❑ HES

270

z

~ 250 25o [

❑ HANES

$10,000

ormore ~

55.64 yews

270 r 270 ~

. I

1

250

230

210

100

170

0

L

~~~,~247,9

1

::::

::::

::::

::::

;:::

;:::

;:::

::::

::::

;:::

::::

::::

::::

;:::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

;:::

::::

. . .

Lassthan

$4,000

65.74 years

270 r 270 T 761,

:

250

23o

210

190

170

0L

..

b

:::: ~;;; .,. 247.2

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

. . . .

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

;:::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

Lessthan

$4,CC=3

55.64 Years

766.7

2!?:! 24Ll9

1

;:::

;:::

;:::

::::

;:::

;:::

;:::

;:::

;:::

.. . .

;:::

::::

::::

;:::

;::

::::

;:::

::::

::::

,.. .

::::

::::

::::

;:::

::::

$4,000.

S6,999

245.4246.0

S7,W0.

$9,999

-----

B

::;;;i i 23S.9

;:::

;:::

::::

;:::

::::

;:::

;:::

::::

::::

;:::

;:::

;:::

;:::

::;:

;:::

;:::

;:::

;:::

;;::

:::: :

;:::

. . . .

Slo,ooo

or more

65.74 Years

253.6

1

238.2

::::

;:::

::::

;:::

:::$

::::

;:::

::::

::::

;:::

;:::

::::

::::

:.. :

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

::::

. . . .

$4,000.

$6,999

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

252.5 253.G

B

:::::

#::::

.: :::

.. . .

::::

::::

::::

;:::

.: :::

:::::

.::::

:::::

;::::

:::::

:::::

. . . ..

:::::

:::::

:::::

:::::

:::::

.. . . .

.: :::

:::::

:::::

;::::

Slo,ooo

or more

Figure 21. Mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 1 S-74 years for Health Examination suwey (H ES) 1960-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Suwey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age: United States population-Con.

18
9.7 mg/100 ml for adults aged 35-44 years in

this educational category.

The mean levels for adults aged 45-54 years

were slightly higher for HANES than for HES

across each educational level. The mean differences were not significant. Adults aged 55-64

years had lower mean levels,for HANES than for

HES. The mean differences between HES and

HANES were relatively small for ad’ults with a

high schooI education or less; however, a significant reduction of 17.8 mg/100 ml occurred between HES and HANES for those with 13 years

or more of education. The mean level for adults

aged 65-74 years showed a large difference between HES and HANES only for adults with 9-

12 years of education. The HANES level for

adults aged 65-74 years was significantly lower

(15.6 mg/100 ml) than the HES level for this

educational group.

Sex and age.–Males aged 18-24 years had

slightly higher mean levels for HANES than for

HES; however, the largest observed difference,

5.5 mg/ 100 ml, occurred for males with 13

years or more of education (figure 22). The

opposite was true for males aged 25-34 years;

the HES males had higher mean levels across

educational categories. The HANES males aged

35-44 years had generally lower mean levels

than HES males had across educational levels;

however, these means were not statistically

different.

Males aged 45-54 years for HANES had

higher mean serum cholesterol levels than those

for HES at every level of education. Those with

13 years or more of education showed the largest observed difference in the mean levels between HES and HANES-1 1.7 mg/ 100 ml. The

mean levels for HANES males aged 55-64 years

were higher for those participants with a high

school education or less; however, the differences were not significant. A significant reduction in the mean levels occurred for maIes aged

55-64 years with 13 years or more of education

between HES and HANES. The mean level for

HES exceeded that for HANES by 14.1 mg/100

ml. The HANES males aged 65-74 years had generally lower mean levels than HES males across

educational levels. The mean differences were

comparable in the Iower educational groups;

however, in the highest educational group, the

HANES mean was lower than HES by 16.3 mg/

100 ml.

As shown in figure 22, females aged 18-24

years had higher mean serum cholesterol levels

for HANES at every level of education than for

HES. A significant difference of 19.6 mg/ 100

ml occurred between HES and HANES for

females aged 18-24 years with less than 9 years

of education. The mean differences across the

remaining educational levels were generally

small. Differences in the mean levels between

HES and HANES for females aged 25-34 years

were generally small; however, the HANES

means were higher for females. with 12 years or

less and lower for females with 13 years or

more of education. Females aged 35-44 years

showed consistently increasing trends in the

mean levels for HES and a consistently decreasing trend for HANES as educational levels increased. Females with 13 years or more of

education showed a significantly lower mean

level for HANES than for HES.

Females aged 45-54 years had a Iower mean

level for HANES only for the higher educational

level. The HANES females aged 55-64 years had

lower means at every educational level than HES

females of the same age had. The means differed

by 17.7 mg/100 ml for those with 13 years or

more of education. FemaIes aged 65-74 years

with less than 9 years of education showed a

small difference in the mean level between HES

and HANES-the opposite is true for the other

educational groups. Those females with 9-12

years of education had a significantly lower

mean level for HANES than for HES, and those

with 13 years or more of education had a Iowcr

mean level for HES than for HANES; the mean

differences between HES and HANES were 22.7

mg/100 ml and 14.6 mg/100 ml, respectively

(figure 22).

Age, race, and sex. –The mean diffcrcnccs of

adults by sex were generally the same as those

for white persons, but a sufficient number of’

black persons aged 18-74 years were not aw.iilable in the HES survey for a meaningful comparison. The mean differences for the four I-accsex groups m-enot discussed in this report; ho\vcver, the distribution of the means for }vhitc

adults by annual family income or education,

sex, and agc is presented in tables 18 and 19.

19
MALES

18.24 years

290

270

?

250

s

<m

~ 230 [

9 years ,years or more

25.34 years

290 r

270

.

E 250

8

s

i 230 1

Lessthan 9.12 13 years

9 years years or more

35.44 years

9 years years or more

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

FEMALES

18.24 yeats

El HI=

m HANES

9 years years or more

25.34 years

29o

270

260

230 1

?ln L

Lessthan 9.12 13 years

9 years years or more :

35.44 years

290

270

I

250

230

21

19

17

.

Lessthan 9.12 13 years

9 years years or more

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

Figure 22. Mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 yeare for Haalth Examination Survev (H ES) 1960-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by” educational level, sex, and age: United States population

20
MALES

45.54 years

290

270

=

; 250

-[

FEMALES

45-54 years

El FIN

290

270 [

EzlHANES 250

I

Last than

a wars

290

270 [

Lessthan

9 years

years

5S.64 VOafS

9.12

years

65.74 years

290r270 }

or morh

290

1

270

250

230

210

190

170

10

13 year%

or more

290

27,0

250

1

.:

230

210

t190

170

1

Less than 9.12 13 years

9 vears years or more

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

9 years years

55.64 years

LESSthan

9 years yeas

65.74 Vears

ormore

266,3

13 years

or more

)’

o‘L Lessthan 9.12 13 vears

9 years years or more

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

250.7

Figure 22. Mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1960-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Suwey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age: United States population–Con.

21
DISCUSSION

In this report, the mean serum cholesterol

levels were analyzed regarding age, sex, race, and

socioeconomic status. Studiesg’11 on the relationship between mean serum cholesterol levels

and variables such as blood pressure, smoking,

and dietary intake, as well as studies on the relationship between serum cholesterol and other

heart disease variables were perforrned.l z‘1 A

However, only a few publications, if any, discuss

the relationship or effect of socioeconomic

status on the mean serum cholesterol level. The

serum cholesterol data herein were collected during the first Health Examination Survey of

adults aged 18-74 years from 1960-62 and the

first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

of persons aged 4-74 years from 1971 -74,, These

data are cross-sectional and are representative of

the entire United States noninstitutionalized

population at two different time frames.

INCOME AND EDUCATION

DIFFERENCES

No real effect of family income or education

of head of household was found on the mean

serum cholesterol levels of children aged 4-17

years; however, the mean levels generally increased as the level of income or education increased. No significant effects on the mean levels

of boys or girls by income or education or for

any of the four race-sex groups were found.

The level of income appeared to be directly

related to the serum cholesterol levels for adult

males aged 18-74 years. Differences in the mean

serum cholesterol levels were nonsignificant

among income groups for each age; the largest

mean levels for males aged 18-74 years generally

occurred for those in the upper income groups,

but the largest mean level for females occurred

in the 10wer income groups for each age. Despite

the positive relationship between income and

the mean serum cholesterol level for males aged

18-74 years, females showed an almost consistent decline in their mean serum cholesterol

levels as income increased. The decline was significant. Of the four race-sex groups, white females were the only group to show a significant

reduction in the mean levels as income increased.

The relationship between education and

serum cholesterol levels appeared stronger than

that between income and mean serum cholesterol levels. Both males and females aged 18-74

years showed a significant reduction in their

mean cholesterol levels as the level of education

increased from less than 9 years to 13 years or

more. The overall significant reduction in the

mean serum cholesterol levels as education increased for males aged 18-74 years cannot ,be

explained by reductions in the mean levels by

age because no individual age group showed any

significant reductions. Not only did males and

females show significant reductions, but this

finding was also true for all race-sex groups

except black males. An interesting question subject to future research and analysis is “Why was

the level of income only related to the mean

serum cholesterol level of white females aged 18-

74 years, and the level of education related to

the mean level of all race-sex groups except

black males?” Because of the small number of

cases in the cells once cholesterol is crossclassified by age, sex, race, income, and education, no controlling on income or education was

done in order to observe differences due solely

to the other socioeconomic variables.

URBANIZATION AND REGIONAL

DIFFERENCES

Urbanization status had no effect on The

mean serum cholesterol levels of children aged

4-17 years. The mean levels of children living in

urbanized areas were similar to those living in

nonurbanized areas; however, the observed m(ean

levels were generally higher for children Iiving in

urbanized areas. These trends were also indicative of the behavior of the mean serum cholesterol levels for both boys and girls aged 4.17

years in general, and of all race-sex groups. No

effect of urbanization status on the mean serum

cholesterol level of adults aged 18-74 years was

observed. This statement was reinforced by fi~d22
ing no statistically significant differences in the

mean levels for both males and females aged

18-74 years living in urbanized and rural areas.

Observed mean differences among urbanization

groups by race for each sex were also small.

AduIts aged 18-74 years living in the Northeast Region generally had the highest mean

serum cholesterol levels; this finding was also

true for both males and females aged 18-74

years. A comparison of the mean levels between

the Northeast and South showed that males aged

18-74 years living in the South did not have statistically significant mean levels different from

those living in the Northeast; a similar test for

females aged 18-74 years yielded negative results.

Black males aged 18-74 years had lower mean

levels than white males for all regions except in

the South. The pattern was not the same for

black and white females. This finding for black

males is contrary to previous findings6 in which

black. males aged 18-74 years in the South had

lower mean serum cholesterol levels than white

males had.

COMPARISON OF HES AND

HAN ES DATA

To compare HES and HANES data, similar

response rates and Laboratory techniques were

necessary to determine the serum cholesterol

values.

The HES sample had a response rate of 95

percent interviewed and 86 percent examined,

and this is a highly representative sample of the

civilian noninstitutionalized population of the

United States. The corresponding rates for

HANES were 95 percent for those interviewed

and 70 percent for those examined. The lower

examination rate in the HANES sample than in

the HES sample might have biased the mean

serum cholesterol levels downward because persons with higher serum cholesterol might be less

likely to schedule an examination. This biasing

was not the case, because an analysis of medical

histories comparing the nonexaminees with the

examinees indicated that no large differences

occurred between the nonexamined group and

the examined group. The 1971-74 data were diminished by 4.5 percent to make thcm comparable to the 1960-62 data, which were adjustml by

6.7 percent to approximate the reference

method. The reference method eventually may

be considered stable, but no pools of sera were

analyzed in both study periods which would

have ensured that a shift in the accuracy of this

reference method did not occur because such

pools were not available.

Comparing serum cholesterol levels over

time is difficult because analytic techniques

change and reference samples fluctuate. The

serum cholesterol levels were measured by the

same laboratory during both surveys. Because no

serum cholesterol standard remains stable for 10

years, provisions could not be made in 1960-62

to ensure that subsequent cholesterol determinations would be completely comparable with the

1960-62 determinations.

The lowest mean serum cholesterol levels for

males generally occurred in the lower income

groups for both HES and HANES; however, for

females, the lowest cholesterol levels occurred

generally in the lowest income group for HES,

but generally in the highest income group for

HANES. Differences in the mean levels between

the two surveys by income for males were generally largest in the older age groups, 55 and

over, indicating that a general decrease occurred

in the mean levels in the past 10 years; however,

none of these reductions in the mean serum

cholesterol leveIs between HES and HANES

were statistically significant (table A). The

largest reduction in the mean serum cholesterol

levels for females occurred mostly at the highest

income level; females aged 25-34 and 55-64

years at this income level showed a statistically

significant reduction in their mean serum cholesterol levels. Females aged 65-74 years for

income category $7,000-$9,999 showed a large

reduction; however, it was not significant. In

contrast, females aged 65-74 years with income

less than $4,000 showed a statistically significant reduction between the two surveys (figure

23).

Both males and females aged 18-74 years

generally showed the largest reductions in the

mean levels between HES and HANES at the

highest educational

55-64 and females

level (table A). Males aged

aged 35-44 years with 13

23
Table A. Differences in mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years between Health Examination Survay (H ES) 1960-82

and Haalth and Nutrition Examination Survey (H AN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, educational level, sex, and age: lJ~itad

States population

Sax and age

Males

18-24 years ..........................................................................

25-34 years..........................................................................

35-44 years ...............i.............c............................................

45-54 years ..........................................................................

55-64 years ..........................................................................

65-74 years ..........................................................................

Females

1&24 years ..........................................................................

25-34 years ..........................................................................

35-44 years ..........................................................................

45-54 years ...........................................................l..............

55-64 yeas ..........................................................................

65.74 years ..........................................................................

Annual family income

I

Educational level

Less

y6~9:- yiWJ- $10,000

I

Less

than than 9-12 13 years

$4,000 ‘ ‘

or mora

9 years

years or more

5.1

3.5

12.7

2.3

7.7

2.1

0,7

10.5

14,6

13,6

1.5

114.5

lMean serum cholesterol level was lower for HANES than for HES,,

years or more of education showed a statistically

significant reduction in their mean serum cholesterol levels. Females aged 65-74 years with 9-12

years of education also had a statistically significant reduction in their mean levels. Males aged

65-74 and females aged 55-64 years with 13

years or more of education showed large reductions in the mean levels; however, these reductions were not statistically significant (figure

24). Findings on total serum cholesterol levels

from other studies, such as the one from the

Lipid Research Clinics (LRC)~ tend to indicate

a lower blood cholesterol level than reported

Difference in mean serum cholesterol in rng/1IJoml

0.7

14.9

11.2

16.1

2,8

111,4

2.1

4.1

3.4

2.9

3.0

15.4

1.2

12.6

18.6

11.2

111.1

16.6

14,5

16,2

1,2

7,7

0.6

114,4

4.3

17.8

17.2

7.6

19.9

113,2

5.7

114,5

18.1

5,8

126,8

1.1

2.4

11,1

19.5

2.4

4.5

4.4

19.6

1.0

8.9

7,9

15.3

10.1

1:;

2.5

0.2

1:’

2.2

1:::

3.6

13.6

122.7

1:::

19,9

11.7

L’14.1

:d16.3

6.3

14.5

‘LII.6

12.2

:117.7

14.6

herein.15 One of the findings in this report is

that lower cholesterol levek are more- likely

among the highly educated and higher incdme

population; however, more specific multivariate

tests are necessary to conclusively substantiate

this finding. Nevertheless, these prelimirlary

findings based on univariate measures indicate

that the greatest reduction in the mean serum

cholesterol Ievels between HES (1960-62) +nd

HANES (1971-74) generally occurred at the

highest Ievel of income, $10,000 or more per

year, and at the highest level of education, 13

years or more.

aThe LRC findings are based on studies of plasma

rather than of sera, which means that the LRC cholesterol levels are 2-3 percent lower.

24
MALES

1S-24 years

FEMALES

=

18.24 years

; 30 ;r El,s 30r

-lo

t

-20

-30 t

Le&st&r! S4,0W S7,0W’ S1O,OO2

36,%9 $9.999 or more

Lessthan

S4,000

S4,wo’ S7,000’ $10,OOO

%999 S9,999 or more

E

25.34 wars

3.5

4.9

7.8

t

25-34 years

-20

-30 t

Lessthan S4JO0. $7,LW0. S1o,m3

S4,0+32 36,999 S9,999 or more

30

20

10

[

10.5

10 — . .. . . . . . ..

0

/

-lo — 6,2

14.6

Len thrn S4,a)o. S7,0W $10,002

S4,0V0 $6,999 S9,9S9 or more

.

; 30 –

s

g Z.

:

: ‘0 –

Y

0

Zo

v Uzlzl

z

—

2.7 1.2

<

: .,0

8.6 7.2

g

& .’0

$

: .30

~ Le#&n woo’ S7,030. S1O,ooo

0 S8,999 S9,999 or mom

3547 years

I

3,4

0

4.6

-lo — s. 1

-20 –

-30 —

L- then S7,000. Slo,m

S4,m %X S9,S9S or more

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

I NWM df[mcnws MM, a mkll. n in Iho nun chulmtcrol Id km 1960.62IIJ1971.74. I

Figure 23. Differences in mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 16-74 years between Health Examination Survey (HES) 1960-62

and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-74j by annual family income, sex, and age: United States population

25
MALES

= 45.54 years

: 30

~

$

, 20 [

8 -20

z

:

y -30 t

Lessthan S4,000. 5

$7,000. Slo,ooo

0 S4,000 $6,999 $9,999 or more

FEMALES

45.54 years

❑ ✌✌✌

tzl HANES1

30

20 [

-lo

t

-20

t

_3r3 LLessthan $4,000. $7,000. S1O,OOO

S4,000 $6,999 $9,999 or more

55.64 wars 55.64 years

a

; 10 7,7

Y

g

o

u

z

<

g -lo -

g 11.1

Lessthan S4,000. S7,000. $10,000

$4,000 se,999 S9.999 or more

65.74 years

& -20

z

.

a

Y -30 ‘t

Lessthan S4,000. $7<000. K

a $6,999

$10,000

$4,000 $9,999 or more

10 —

1.5 3.0

0,6

0

-lo -

-20

-30 t

Lessthan

S4,000

30

20

10 F

s4#ooo.

$6,999

S7,000.

$9,999

65.74 years

15.4

0 z

-lo

$10,OW

or more

1.1

I

14.5 14.4

-20

-30 L Lessthan S4,wo. .$7,000. $10,000

$4,000 $6,999 S9,999 or more

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME

1NWIIVCdiffwonm IndlcatcHrcd.cllun m !hc mm cholesterolIcvd from 196042 to 1971.74,

1

Figure 23. Differences in mean serum cholesterol levels of edults aged 18-74 years batween Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1960-62

and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age: United States population–Con.

26
MALES

~ 1S.24 years

FEMALES

g 30 –

3

&

20 —

~

: ,0 5,5

Y 2.4

g

0.3

r:=

. . . . .. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .. .

. . . . .. . . . .. . . .

0

. . . . . .. . . . .. . .

. .. . . . .. . .. . .

u

z

g -lo —

~

5 -20

$

u

t -30

~ Lessthan 9.12 years 13 years

n 9 years or more

25.34 years

❑ HE,

❑ HANES1

1S.24 years

30 r

20 —

19.6

10 — 6.3

0

Y

g

u o u 4

1.1 z

1,7

s -lo —

5.0

g

.

u .20

~

u

k -30 — ~ Lessthan 9-12 years 13 years

0 9 years or more

=

: 30–

g Z. _

g

; 10 -

‘f 2.6

0

~o

5

.

z -lo — 9.5 9,9

~

3&44 years

-lo

-20

-30 [

Lessthan 9.12 vears 13 years

9 years or more

30

20

10 I

25.34 years

4,5

-20

-30 t

30

20

10

[

Let! than 912wrs 13 years

9 yews or more

35.44 years

$--=-ma11.6

& -20

z

E

y -30 t

Leasthan *9.12 years 13 years

0 9 years or more

-20

-30 t

Lessthan 9.12 vears 13 wars

9 years or mow

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

lNccd!lvedl(~c,c,!c<,l,,dic,Ic arcd”cti,),, ln ll,c,,,,d,, <l,,>lt,!cr<>i!,vcl 1,,>,,,19(>0<>:,,,(!1971.74.

.-— . . .._.-J

Figure 24. Differences inmeanwrum cholesterol levels ofadults aged 18-74years between Haalth Examination Suwey(HES) 1960-62

and Health and Nutrition Examination Suwey (HAN ES) 1971 -74, by educational Ievel, sax, and age: United States population

27
MALES

=

45.54 years

; 30—

..

:

20 —

;

11,7

: ,~

Yj 2.4

0

~~

5

.

= -lo —

g

g .20

u

~

-30 —

k Less than 9.12 years 13 years

5 9 vears or more

El HES

tzlHANES1

FEMALES

45.54 years

30 ~

20 —

10 — 7.9

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . ..

. . . . . ...?... .. . . .. . . . . . ..

0

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

r, //,/J

2,2

-lo—

-20

t-

-30 L

Less than 9.12 years 13 years

9 years or more

55.64 years

65.74 wars

.

; 30 –

%

&

20 —

&

.

: ,0

4.4 !!

0

x

00

z

a 3,9

g -lo —

~

g _20 16.3

:

L -30- 1+

0

Less Than 9.12 years

9 vears

13 years

or more

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

!Ncxdt!,c d,ffcrcpcesindicalc abduction inlhcmcan cholcslor.l lcvclfrom 196042 and (971.74

55.64 vears

30-

20 —

10 —

o

V////dVIIIIA v

5.3 3.6

-lo —

-20 — 17.7

/J) 1-

Lm than 9.12 years 13 years

9 years or more

65.74 years

30

20 [ 14,6

-30 L

Less than 9.12 wars 13 years

9 years or more

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

Figure 24. Differences in mean serum cholesterol levels ofadults agad18-74years beween Health Examination Suway(HES) 1960-62

and Health and Nutrition Examination Suwey (HAN ES) 1971 -74, by educational Ievel, sex, and age: United States population—Con.

28
SUMMARY

In this report, the mean serum

levels of persons aged 4-74 years in

noninstitutionalized population of

cholesterol

the civilian

the United

States obtained by ‘m&s of the Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-74 are

analyzed by age, sex, race, and socioeconomic

characteristics. Major findings are summarized

as follows:

As income increased from less than $4,000

to $15,000 or more per year, the mean

serum cholesterol levels of both boys and

girls aged 4-17 years remained fairly stable;

these trends were generally true by race and

sex for children aged 4-17 years.

The mean serum cholesterol levels increased

with an increased income for males aged

18-74 years but generally decreased for females aged 18-74 years. Similar patterns

occurred by race and sex.

Males aged 18-74 years showed a statistically

significant increase in mean serum cholesterol levels, but females aged 18-74 years

showed a significant reduction as income increased from the lowest to the highest levels.

Children aged 4-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years

showed no real differences in their mean levels as education of head of household increased. The same finding was generally true

by sex and for each race-sex group.

The mean levels for both males and females

aged 18-74 years were inversely related to

educational levels. Males and females aged

18-74 years and each of the four race-sex

groups except black males aged 18-74 years

showed a significant and consistent decline

in mean serum cholesterol level as educational level increased.

Urbanization status had no real effect on the

mean levels of adults aged 18-74 and on the

mean levels of children aged 4-17 years.

Mean differences were generally small for

each sex and race-sex group.

No statistically significant difference was

found in the mean cholesterol levels for

either males or females aged 18-74 years between those living in rural and those living

in urbanized areas.

Males aged 18-74 years living in the South

and Midwest generally had the lowest serum

cholesterol levels; females aged 18-74 years

living in the West had the lowest levels. Similar patterns occurred for white adults by sex.

Males aged 18-74 years living in the Northeast showed no significant difference in the

mean Ievel from those living in the South. A

similar situation occurred for females aged,

18-74 years.

Black males aged 18-74 years living in the

Midwest and West had the lowest mean levels and those living in the South had the

highest leveIs. Black females aged 18-74

years living in the South had the lowest

mean levels and those Iiving in the Midwest

had the highest.

Reductions in the mean levels between HES

(1960-62) and HANES (1971-74) were generally greatest for those males aged 18-74

years with income of $10,000 or more per

year; however, the differences were not statistically significant.

Females aged 25-34 and 55-64 years at the

highest income level showed statistically significant reductions in the mean levels between HES (1960-62) and HANES

(1971-74).

The mean serum cholesterol levels for both

males and females aged 18-74 years generally

showed the greatest reductions in the mean

level at the highest educational level between

HES (1960-62) and HANES (1971-74).

000

29
REFERENCES

1Nation~ center for He~th stati~tic~: Total ~emm

cholesterol levels of children 4-17 years, United States,

1971-74, by Sidney Abraham, Clifford Johnson, and

Margaret Carroll. Vital arm’ Health Statistics. Series 11-

No. 207. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 78-1655. Public Health

Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,

1978.

2Nation~ Center for He~th Statistics: Total ~emm

cholesterol levels of adults 18-74 years, United States,

1971-74, by Sidney Abraham, Clifford Johnson, and

Margaret Carroll. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11-

No. 205. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 78-1652. Public Health

Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,

Apr. 1978.

3National Center for Health Statistics: Plan and

initial program of the Health Examination Survey. Vital

and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series l-No. 4.

Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing Office, July 1965.

4NationaI Center for Health Statistics: Plan and

operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1971-73, by Henry W. Miller. Vital

and Health Statistics. Series 1-Nos. 10a and 10b. DHEW

Pub. No. (HSM) 73-1310. Health Services and Mental

Health Administration. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing Office, Feb. 1973.

5Kuchmak, M. J.: Lipid Standardization Laboratory,

Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 1976.

Personal communication.

6Nation~ Center for He~th statistics: Semm Choles.

terol levels of adults, United States, 1960-1962, by Felix

E. Moore and Tavia Gordon. Vital and Health Statistics.

Series 1l-No. 22. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 77-1283.

Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, Mar. 1967.

7Abell, L. L., Levy, G. B., Brodie, B. B., and Kendall,

1?. E.: A simplified method for the estimation of total

cholesterol in serum and demonstration of its specificity.

j’. Biol. Chem. 195:357-366, 1952.

8Eavenson, D., Grier, O. T., Cission, J. G., and

Witter, R. F.: A semiautomated procedure for the determination of serum cholesterol using the AbelI-Kendall

method. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Sot. 43:652-656, 1966.

9 Hjermann, I., Helgeland, A., Holme, I., LundLarsen, P. G., and Leren, P.: The association between

blood pressure and serum cholesterol in healthy men:

The Olso study, J. Epidemiol. Corn. Health 32:117-123,

1.978.

10 Pincherele, G.: Factors affecting the mean semi-n

cholesterol. J. Chronic Dis. 24:289-297, 1971.

1IMfller, D. C-, Trulson, M. F., et ~.: Diet, blodd

lipids and health of Italian men in Boston. Arm. lnterh.

Med. 40(5):1178-1200, 1958.

12Kannel, W. B.: The role of lipids and blood pressure

in the development of coronary heart disease. The

Framingham Study. Giorn. It. Card. IV, Jan.-Feb., 1974.

13Kmnel, W. B., Castelli, W. p., Gordon, T., and

McNamara, P. M.: Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and

the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham

Study. Ann. Intern. Med. 74:1-12, 1971.

14Chapman, J. M., and Massey, J. T.: The interrelationship of serum cholesterol, hypertension, body

weight and risk of coronary disease. J. Chronic Dis.

17:933-949, 1964.

15Lipid ResearchClinics Program: Lipid Research

Clinics Newsletter No. 61, Chapel Hill, N.C., Dec. 197/3.

16Miller, R. G. g Simultaneous statistic~ inference.

New York. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1966.

30
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

1. Serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, sex, and age–mean and standard deviation:

United States, 1971-74 ................................................................................ .............. .. ........................................... ..................

2. Serum cholesterol levels of males aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, race, and age–mean and standard daviation:

United States, 1971-74 ............ ...................... .......................................................................................................... .................

3. Serum cholesterol levels of females aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, race, and age–mean and standard deviation:

United States, 1971-74 ........................................................................................................ ...................... .............. .............. ...

4. Serum cholesterol Iavels of children aged 4-11 years, by education of head of household, sex, and age–mean and standard

deviation: Unitad States, 1971-74 ............................................................... ................................................ ............................. .

5. Serum cholesterol levels of youths aged 12-17 years, by education of head of household, sex, and age–mean and standard

deviation: United States, 1971-74 ......................................................................................................................................... ....

6. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years, by educational level, age, and sax–mean and standard deviation: United

States, 1971-74 ....................... ..... .................................................................. ........................................................ ...................

7. Serum cholesterol levels of children aged 4-17 years, by education of head of household, race, sax, and age–mean and standard deviation: United States, 1971-74 ............................................................................... .................................. ......................

8. Serum cholesterol levels of males aged 18-74 years, by educational level, race, and age–mean and standard deviation: United

States, 1971-74 ..................................................... ....................................................... ................................ ............................ .

9. Serum cholesterol levels of females aged 18-74 years, by educational level, race, and age–mean and standard deviation:

United States, 1971-74 ........................................................................................................................................... ..................

10. Serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74 years, by urbanization status, sex, and age–mean and standard deviation:

United Statesr 1971-74 ........................................................................................... ..................................................................

11. Serum cholesterol Iavels of males aged 4-74 years, by urbanization status, race, and age-mean and standard deviation:

Unitad States, 1971-74 ........................................................................................................................................... ..................

12. Serum cholesterol levels of females aged 4-74 years, by urbanization status, race, and age-mean and standard deviation:

United States, 1971-74 .......... ............ ......................................................................... .............. ............................. ...................

13. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years, by geographic region, sex, and age–mean and standard deviation: United

States, 1971-74 ........................ ........................................................................................... ....................... ............................ ...

14. Serum cholesterol levels of males aged 18-74 years, by geographic region, race, and age–mean and standard deviation:

United States, 1971-74 ...... .......................................... ........................................... ................................................. .................

15. Serum cholesterol levels of females aged 18-74 years, by geographic region, race, and age–mean and standard deviation:

United States, 1971-74 .................................... ....................................................................................................... ..................

16. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1860-62 and Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age–mean and standard deviation: United States

population ........................ .................................................... ............................................................... ........................... ..........

17. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Suwey (H ES) 1860-62 and Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age–mean and standard deviation: United States

population ......................................................................................................................................... ............................ ...........

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

40

41

42

43

44

45

45

46

48

31
18. Serum cholesterol levels of white adults aged 18-74 yeers for Hei~lth Examination Suwey (HES) 1860-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age–maan and standard daviation:

Unitad States population .............................................................................................................................. ............................ 50

19. Serum cholesterol levels of whita adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (HES) 1960-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age-mean and standard deviation: Unitad

States population ......................................... ...............................................d............... .......................@...................................... 52

32
Table 1. Serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, sax, and age-mean and standard deviation: United

States, 1971-74

Annual family income

Less than $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 or more

Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation deviation

Sex and age

Both sexes Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

31.4

51.8

167.4

210.9

32.1

48.3

168.0

210.3

4-17 years ...................

18-74 years,., ..............

166.9

215.7

31,9

52.6

31.9

48.5

168.4

214.4

33.0

46.5

167.7

214.1

169.2

170.6

161.9

178.7

198.5

208.7

222.4

240,3

239.2

164.3

207.4

36.0

31.9

29.4

34.8

38,4

43.8

50.1

65.3

50.4

31.8

50.7

162.2

168.7

168.5

183.8

198.6

212.9

227.3

238.3

243.2

167.8

208.5

31.7

30.5

32.2

39.0

38.9

46.5

49.0

50.8

67.5

30.9

49.6

161.3

171.7

164.9

181.7

198.0

213.7

230.2

237.8

233.4

166.1

208.0

31.9

30.8

33.0

39.3

42.8

40.7

47.7

47.4

47.5

30.8

46.7

165.7

170.9

165.6

176.7

196.5

214.2

232.1

235.1

237.4

166.2

211.7

29.1

29.9

35.3

36.5

42.8

41.8

42.8

43.7

46.4

33.6

46.6

4-5 years .....................................

6-11 years ...................................

12-17 years .................................

18-24 years .................................

25-34 years .................................

35-44 years .................................

45-54 years .................................

55-64 years .................................

65-74 years .................................

30.0

30.8

33.2

35.5

39.9

45.5

50.2

44.0

51.5

30.4

45.8

169.6

171.9

165.6

181.8

197.0

212.8

234.6

234.9

243.9

166.7

217.7

Males

4-17 years ........................

18-74 years ......................

4-5 years .....................................

6-11 years ...................................

12-17 years .................................

16-24 years .................................

25-34 years, ................................

,35-44 years .................................

45-54 years .................................

55-64 years .................................

65-74 years .................................

167.2

165.7

161.2

178.3

186.6

211.4

226.3

226.1

224.8

169.9

221.3

37.4

29.7

31.4

34.0

40.4

46.4

47.8

61.8

48.3

31.7

53.2

158.6

169.7

168.7

178.7

202.2

219.0

216.7

223.4

231.1

167.5

218.4

165.5

167.5

168.3

188.0

196.1

208.1

234.5

249.9

253.6

30.8

28.8

32.7

34.0

38.2

52.8

45.5

45.8

61.0

32.0

52.9

160.0

172.1

161.8

178.0

202.0

218.4

222.2

228.7

218.7

168.7

213.6

30.6

30.0

30.7

37.7

45.2

37.3

39.0

54.1

45.7

33.3

49.6

33.3

31.5

34.8

40.3

39.8

43.0

52.4

38.6

40.5

160.7

168.7

164.8

172.3

201.8

223.8

228.6

231.9

222.7

169.8

208.8

29.7

26.8

33.8

33.2

38.1

45.7

44.2

39.6

45.4

33.1

51.0

168.9

170.7

163.9

185.1

199.4

220.5

237.7

232.2

228.5

170.2

210.8

24.6

29.1

37.1

34.4

45.1

42.1

45.1

43.0

44.1

32.1

46.0

Femeles

4-17 years ........................

18-74 years ......................

4-5 years .....................................

6-11 years ...................................

12-17 years .................................

18-24 years .................................

25-34 years .................................

35-44 years .................................

45-54 years .................................

55-64 years .................................

65-74 years .................................

171.6

176.4

162.5

179.1

199,6

206.3

220.2

247.9

247.2

34.0

33.3

27.1

35.5

37.1

41.4

51.3

49.9

49.8

32.2

32.2

31.8

42.1

39.3

40.3

49.9

51.5

52.1

162.7

171.3

167.8

184.9

193.8

208.5

236.0

246.0

248.1

170.3

173.2

166.2

180.9

191.1

205.1

236.4

238.6

247.8

29.5

34.3

32.5

37.1

40.9

43.4

56.2

48.0

53.1

170.2

173.0

167.9

178.2

184.7

205.0

231.1

239.1

264.3

33.0

30.6

32.8

38.3

40.2

39.9

39.7

44.4

41.8

33
Table 2. Serum cholesterol levels of males aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, race, and age–mean and standard deviation:

Race and age

White males

4-17 years ................................. .........

18-74 years,,, .....................................

45 years ............................ ................................

6-11 vears ......... .................... .............................

12-17 years ......... ...............................................

18-24 years ......... .. .............................. ........ .......

25.34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ............. .............................. .............

55-64 years ..... ...................................................

65-74 years ..................... ...................................

81ack males

4-17 years .. ........................................

18-74 years ........................................

4-5 years ............................................. ...............

6-11 years ......... .................................................

12-17 years ........................................................

16-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ..................... ....................... ............

35-44 years ........................................... .............

45-54 years ..................... ......................... ...........

55-64 years ..................... .......................... .........

65-74 years ..................... ........ ................ ...........

United Statas, 1!371 -74

=

Annual family income

—

Less than $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000 or more

—

Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

161.1

207.1

170.0

159.5

159.2

176.1

198.1

219.7

222.5

226.4

224.1

167,6

210.8

162.4

174.0

162.8

190.0

196.1

196.7

231.4

223.2

229.3

30.4

51.7

43.3

27.1

26.7

33.3

37.1

44.1

52.8

64,0

48.3

33.2

47.9

27.9

31.4

35.6

36.0

48.8

47.0

39.3

51,5

48.0

‘166.3

:208.9

‘156.1

167,5

‘168.2

‘182,3

:201.7

219,6

:~14.o

:~zo.o

;z32.o

‘/73.3

206.3

.—

166,5

176.8

1170.7

161.1

205.6

215.8

2?28.5

;!45.6

222.6

29.7

48:5

28.7

27.1

32.1

34.6

38.3

53.8

44.9

37.3

62.3

34.2

56,6

35.4

32.6

35.5

24.4

36.7

47.2

46.4

77.6

45.5

166.1

208,1

_

159.3

172.9

161.1

178.6

202.9

216.2

221.5

229,2

218.9

167.2

206.0

165,9

168.5

166.3

169.3

195.4

230.6

228,3

225.4

220.3

31.5

46.8

30.8

30.9

31,0

38.5

45.2

35,0

39.7

55.1

45.9

26.2

46,8

28.9

22.8

28.5

27.1

46.1

48.1

33.1

39.2

41,5

165.7

214.7

163.1

169.3

163.2

178.0

199.5

221.9

233.8

231.7

226.4

172.7

210.8

195.1

172.8

169.3

183.9

216.6

211.9

209.6

243.8

222,4

30.7

46.1

27,3

27,1

33,9

34,9

38,9

44,0

44,9

41,,4

44,,9

39,$7

53<1

29,6 ‘

40,8

39.1

23,5

65,2

43,7

41.7

50.3

41.6

34
Table 3. Serum cholesterol levels of females aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, race, and age-mean and standard deviation:

United States, 1971-74

Race and age

White females

4-17 years ..........................................

1S-74 years ........................................

4.5 years ............................................................

6-11 years ..........................................................

12-17 years ........................................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Black females

4-17 years ..........................................

18-74 yaars ........................................

4-5 years ............................................................

6-11 years ..........................................................

12-17 years ........................................................

18.24 years ........................................................

2!5-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ............d...........................................

45-54 yeers ..........................4.............................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Annual family income

Lessthan $4,000 I

$4,00CP$6,889 I

$7,000$9,999 I

$10,000 or more

Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

165.0

223.7

169.3

170.9

158.0

176.0

199.9

206.4

219.1

250.8

247.1

176.2

214.1

175.3

182.4

166.1

182.0

199.4

209.1

223.7

236.0

247.6

28.7

54.6

35.0

29.8

23.0

35,3

37.6

41.1

54.6

50.0

50.3

33.8

47.3

32.1

35.8

29.1

36.0

36.5

42.4

39.5

47.7

46.1

166.6

218.6

188.4

166.1

167.1

188.3

195.1

208.1

228.6

249.2

253.7

169.5

217.8

163.1

169.5

171.9

183.5

199.1

20S.3

264.0

259.2

257.8

31.7

53.2

35.0

32.9

29.3

42.8

39.0

40.6

48.9

52.3

52.7

32.2

52.3

22.4

27,7

38.2

37.5

40.7

37.0

43.0

46.6

42.7

167.3

214.0

160.1

170.4

166.4

184.6

193.4

210.6

236.3

244.3

248.5

176.2

211.2

1828

177.2

174.2

192.5

196.8

203.5

231.7

267.4

239.5

32.9

49.8

32.3

30.6

34.8

40.8

39.9

43.8

52.8

37.3

43.9

35.4

46.4

35.2

36.1

34.8

31.0

39.2

36.9

45.9

50.3

55.5

169.4

209.7

168.9

173.2

188.0

178.3

192.7

204.5

234.5

238.8

253.3

181.9

210.0

188.7

172.8

188.3

199.2

195.3

211.2

221.5

262.2

264.7

32.6

48.8

30.6

32.9

32.2

37.0

40.7

40.3

49.0

46.6

50.2

33.1

44.2

25.3

31.7

34.3

39.1

40.1

45.7

41.0

24.2

41.2

35
Table 4. Serum cholesterol levels of children aged 4-11 years, by education of head of household, sex, and aga–mean and standard

deviation: United States, 1971.74

Sex and age

Education of head of household

= ‘-’.’ years !

12 years 13 years or more

Mean

I

Standard I

Mean I

Standard I

Mean I

Standard

deviation daviation deviation Mean I

Standard

daviation

1 1 I I I

Both saxes Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

162.1

171.E

30.6

28.9

165.9

169.7

34.0

32.1

4-5 years ............................................

6-11 years ..........................................

164.3

170.1

29.6

30.1

165.3

173.2

30;2

2919

163.9

164.7

160.0

166,9

177.2

173.1

172.8

171.1

163.1

169.9

162.1

164.1

153.3

171.5

171,1

176.9

169.2

170.7

165.4

170.3

28.7

30.4

26.2

32.4

26.2

31.2

24.8

33.0

29.0

29.9

24.3

33.0

21.5

28.0

25.8

30.8

29.0

33.3

30.0

30.3

162,C

161.3

168.E

172.C

171.C

178.1

170.6

168.6

158.0

169.5

31.3

30.0

24.2

29.0

30.5

30.1

25.4

31.5

26.5

28.1

164.7

167.2

166.9

164.5

168.4

173.2

175.8

167.6

162.6

169.9

28.0

39.1

26.3

28.4

29.8

36.8

36.5

29.5

33.8

29.3

167.5

162.8

166.6

169.5

174.6

177.1

172.3

178.1

164.4

169.8

28; 7

31,6

35,8

25,9

25.9

29.7

2847

30,9

2$IJ2

27’!0

8oys

4-5 years..................................................

6-11 years................................................

4 yaars ...............................................................

5 years ...............................................................

6 yaars ...............................................................

7 years ...............................................................

8 years ...............................................................

9 years ...............................................................

10 years .............................................................

11 yean .............................................................

162.0

154.1

164.4

165.9

167.5

173.4

170.5

174.0

165.7

173.7

23.8

28.3

24,1

28.3

30.5

29.9

22.8

31.2

33.6

29.5

36.7

29.9

23.3

28.5

30.2

29.7

28.4

31.0

163.7

161.4

163.6

168.1

161.1

171.0

180.7

169.6

169.6

169.5

165.9

173.0

169.6

161.3

175.2

175.5

169.5

164.7

28.5

38.8

24.7

25.3

26.2

39.9

25.4

25.3

33.9

34.7

27.3

38.7

27.3

30.5

31.3

33.2

46.4

34.4

164.2

164.7

164.4

168.0

167.5

174.8

165.5

180.2

166.2

177.0

288

2gl16

29]4

2s3;6

22.4

26;4

17,9

34.,8

31.2

32:3

Girls

4-5 years..................................................

6-11 years................................................

4 years ...............................................................

5 years ...............................................................

6 years ...............................................................

7 years ...............................................................

8 years ...............................................................

9 yaars ...............................................................

10 years .............................................................

11 years .............................................................

165.5

165.2

‘166.0

161.7

183.5

166.5

174.5

171.5

32.0

27.8

28.4

36.1

25.1

30.8

22.3

32.6

163.5

168.1

174.0

177,9

174.4

182.1

170.6

164.1

172.3

161.2

168.8

172.1

184.3

178,7

179.2

176.0

27.8

33U0

41 !2

24.{4

27!1

31 J7

35~2

26;2

36
Table 5. Serum cholesterol levels of youths aged 12-17 years, by education of head of household, sex, and age-mean and standard

daviation: United States, 1971-74

Education of head of household

Sex and age

Lassthan 9 years 6-11 years 12 years 13 years or more

Mean Standard Maan Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

Both sexes Serum cholesterol inmg/100 ml

12-17 yaars ........................................ 163.3 I 30.5 162.1 32.0 166.6 32.2 168.6 37.4

12 years ..,,.........................................................

13 years ,...,.......,...,0. ..........................................

14 years .............................................................

15 years ............................................................,

16 years .............................................................

17 years .............................................................

166.8 I 28.5 166.4

154.8

167.0

170.6

158.1

156.4

161.5

32.5

24.0

31.2

43.7

26.6

26.0

35.0

169.8

164.5

162.5

165.0

168.3

170.1

164.0

25.0

39.1

33.4

29.2

30.1

33.3

32.0

174.0

170.0

165.1

166.1

169.4

167.0

167.1

41.9

42.3

34,3

34,6

34.3

34.8

37.6

164.7 29.8

161,6 32.2

162.9 29.6

157.8 29.9

166.0 31.5

Boys

12-17 yaars.............................................! 161.8 30,8

12 yaars .,,.,..0...4,,,.,.. ......................,...................

13 yaars ,,.,,.,..,,,,...00.. .........................................

14 years .............................................................

15 years ...........................................................,.

16 years .............................................................

17 years .o............................................o..............

166.8

164.1

163.3

153.1

160.4

161.0

26.5

33.2

33.1

30.3

31.2

28,9

170.8

169.0

155.3

160.5

164.6

163.8

169.1

169.4

158.9

172.4

164,8

156.7

150.8

162.9

35.1

28.7

41.0

51.4

25.0

23.9

28.5

24.3

47.4

34.1

22.3

23.7

30.0

32,3

25.7

28.8

31,4

34.8

34,1

35.0

183.2

167.2

163,3

166.6

163.0

160.7

170.3

53.2

32,8

34,5

31.7

34.3

31.2

37.1

Girls

12.17 yaarsio.......o............oo........o......o...... 164.8 30.1

12 years ,.,,....,,..,.!.... ..........................................

13 years .............................................................

14 years ........m....................................................

15 years .............................................................

16 years .............................................................

17 yaars .............................................................

173,2

165,3

159.7

169.1

156.0

169.7

30.6

z::

27.5

28.7

33.7

162.3

150.4

163.7

175,1

160,2

162,8

27.9

16.5

22.8

36.1

26.7

26.8

168.5

160.2

169.1

170.4

171.4

175,9

165,0

172.0

167.8

165.6

175.3

178.5

23.2

47.9

33.8

37.6

33.2

37.8

37
Table 6. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years, by educational level, sex, and age–mean and standard daviation: United

States, 197’1-74

Educational level

Lessthan 9 years 9-11 years 12 years

w

13 years or more

-c

Sex and age

Mean I

Standard

deviation Mean I

Standard

deviation

Both sexes

18-74 years ........................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65.74 years ........................................................

Males

18-74 years..............................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45.54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Females

Serum cholesterol inmg/100ml

225.8 50.8 214.7 50.5 209.5 47.3 207.3 4B.2

_

182.4

194.9

213.7

227.6

236.0

240.1

219.2

178.2

190.6

213.6

222.7

229.0

228.6

232.6

33.8

37.9

42.4

45.5

52.8

52.4

51.2

28.6

35.0

41.8

45.3

57.6

53.3

49.5

176.4

199.4

219.0

228,0

243.6

243.4

211.2

171.1

208.0

228.7

226.3

228.1

226.0

217.5

35.3

42.0

45.3

45.8

48.5

53.3

47.2

29.5

45.9

47.3

40.8

41.4

46.7

52.8

39.7

38.4

42.4

50.3

50.1

54.3

182.2

198.0

211,2

231.2

238.4

234.2

209.7

181.5

201.7

220.1

228.6

234.7

218.7

209.4

182.7

194.9

205.1

232.7

241.1

245.4

39.1

39.9

42.2

50.7

40.6

48.0

44,4

180.1

196.4

213.0

232.9

234.9

240.4

208.1

3(6.2

43.4

44.0

44.1

4s. 7

51.7

48.2

35.8

36.6

42.0

47.4

39.6

48.4

49.2

41.3

42.1

41.3

52.5

41.1

44.4

178.0

200.3

221.4

235.3

224.9

224.9

206.3

182.3

191.5

200.1

230.0

247.6

250,7

3’7.0

4(5.6

4!5.0

4;2,1

40.1

497

413,2

—.

3!5.3

3/3.3

39.2

46.3

4!3.0

50.5

16-74 yeaE ..... ........... ..............................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

3544 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

187.0

199.2

213.8

233.3

243.4

250.0

38.2

40.2

43,1

45.1

46.1

49.4

181.9

194.2

212.0

229.6

254.6

253.5

38
Table7. Serum cholesterol Ievelsof children and youths aged 4-17 years, by education of head of household, race, sex, and age-mean

and standard deviation: United States, 1971-74

Education of head of household

Lessthan9 years I 9-11 years I

12 years 13 years or more

=

Race, sex, and age

Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation deviation

WHITE

Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

Boys

4-17 years ............. ............................ . 163.7

I

30.1 I163.4 27.7 166.0 I 31.6

161.2

169.7

163.8

168.5

34.3

29.7

32.2

33.0

45 years ............ ......................... ........... .... ..... ...

6-11 years ..... ............................................ .........

12-17 years .................................... ......... ...........

161.6

167.7

161.1

165.0

28.5 157.1

30.1 168.8

30.1 159.6

22.6

26.5

28.8

28.0

164.0

170.3

166.3

172.6

28.7

26.6

37.2

35.0

Girls

4-17 years ....... ..................... ..............

+-

30.0 165.2

30.3 164.0

29.5 170.7

162.9

169.2

162.4

170.0

45 years ......... .. ............ ......... ............. ...... .........

6-11 years .............. ............... .............................

12-17 years .................. ............... ....... ..... ...........

33.8

28.1

24.9

35.0

168.1

169.5

167.5

169.6

33.2

34.3

31.6

28.5

165.3

176.4

171.1

168.6

32.2

33.1

37.0

38.0

30.0 160.1

B LACK

8oys

4-17 years ....................... .... ............... 31.7 I 165.6

T

30.0 161.1

29.0 172.2

33.3 160.2

167.0

176.5

164.2

172.2

45 years ............................... .............. ...... ........ .

6-11 years .......... .............................................. ..

12-17 years ............. ........ ........ ................... ...... ..

33.4

33.3

36.1

34.7

174.1

172.1

165.9

177.2

27.1

25.9

30.7

37.1

178.5

160.3

175.9

172.1

38.6

28.9

44.3

30.5

Girls

4-17 years .... ....... .. ............................. 29.9 I 177.9

4-5 years ............................ ........ .............. ...... ....

6-11 years ...... ............................................... .....

12-17 Years ................................ ..... ...... .... .... .....

175.1

173.6

170.5

26.9 170.7

32.4 183.5

28.0 173.4

30.6

32.0

37.5

182.6

169.2

184.1

36.6

37.6

35.0

170.3

185.1

150.4

25.1

22.4

36.1

39
Table 8, Serum cholesterol Ievals of males aged 16-74 yaars, by educational level, race, and age-mean and standard deviation: United

8tates, 1971-74

Educational level

s~

Race and age

White males Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

212.0 46.8

IT

210.6 44,4 208.0

182.9 35.6 177.8

201.9 36.7 199.5

219.3 42.1 220,8

229.2 47.6 23!5.5

234.7 39.7 223.6

219.2 48,8 225.6

18-74 years,, ...................................... 219.SI 51.5 4$.8

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

6574 years ........................................................

179.0

190,9

217.7

221,6

228,4

228.9

217.4

30.7

36.2

40.6

46.2

56.8

54.3

49,1

169.6

206.4

230.7

226,9

229.1

225.4

205,9

29.6

42,2

44.0

41.2

41.4

46,9

49,6

3V.2

44,3

45,4

42.3

45.3

49.7

61.7

81ack males

t

196.7 42.9

173,1 35.5

199,0 35.1

231.3 41.7

217.1 44.1

225.6 17.5

202.6 37,1

18-74 years ......................................,, 210.6

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 yaars ........................................................

35-44 yaars ........................................................

45.54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ................,,,,..,,,,,.,,,, ................,.,,..,,

178.6

188,7

201,8

229.8

232.1

228.5

23.0

28.6

42.9

40.0

62.5

46.1

179.3

212.0

218.4

220.6

205.8

234,5

26.8

56.2

60.8

36.8

34.2

45,5

179.4

213.7

207,9

227,4

‘272.7

210,4

33,6

76.6

35,4

31k?.7

%$:

,.

——

Table 9, Serum cholesterol levels of femalas aged 18-74 years, by educational Iavel, rata, and age–mean and standard deviation: United

States, 1971-74

Educational Ieval

a~i

Race and age

White females Serum cholastarol in mg/100 ml

18-74 years ........................................ 219.5

It

53.6 209.6 49.5

40.1 181.8 41.6

37.7 184.4 42.3

43.4 204.2 39.5

50.6 232.3 53.2

49.9 240.6 41.3

55.2 246.0 44.1

233.2 I 49.9 206.7 48.2

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

184.7

197.8

215.1

234.3

244.0

249.7

37.4

40.7

42.8

46.7

45.7

49.9

182,4

193.1

212.5

231.0

254.0

255.0

182.0

191.7

201.4

228.8

246.8

250.3

36.2

38.9

39.7

44,8

48.6

50.6

49.6

8iack femalas

231.3 47.4

*

18-74 years ........................................ 205,1 I 43.8 202.6

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 yaars ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 yea~ ........................................................

55-54 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

191.8

206.8

212.6

230.5

241.4

252.5

42.0

36,9

44.2

39,3

48.8

45.7 -L187.6 37.9

200,2 40.9

207.6 40.8

242,6 32.4

263,1 35.1

223.1 49.2

181.7

189,1

186.2

245.0

‘288.0

259.3

33.4

30.2

32.8

56.1

*68.8

45,6

197.8 I

40,6

212.2 37.5

219.6

259.1

233.1

47,3

51.5

38.2

40
Tabla 10. Serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74 years, by urbanization status, sex, and age-mean and standard deviation:

United States, 1971-74

Urbanized areas Nonurbenized areas

1 million Lessthen Urban, not in

persons or more 1 million persons

Rural areas urbanized area

1 i I I

Sex and age

Meen Standard Mean Stendard Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

Both sexes Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

166.1

212.6

30.1

50.6

168.2

211.6

32.8

49.0

4-17 years ..........................................

18-74 years ........................................

170.1 166.7

212.1

33.2

50.2

32.1

214.8 47.2

—

4.5years ............................................................

6-11 yaars ..........................................................

12-17 years ........................................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-!54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

166.9

175.7

165.5

182.5

197.3

214.6

236.3

236.8

242.4

168.4

213.7

31.9

33.1

32.7

34.7

40.7

44.6

51.4

47.5

56.0

31.5

48.3

163.2

170.5

162.5

179.5

198.7

210.4

228.0

246.1

240.0

164.3

210.2

33.6

29.1

29.5

39.0

44.2

44.0

45.7

48.5

51.4

29.7

48.5

165.2

168.1

169.1

176.9

195.8

215.8

228.2

234.9

243.1

167.6

211.3

32.2

25.9

38.3

34.0

36.9

42.6

44.6

50.6

53.0

36.2

48.1

164.4

168.1

166.0

181.2

196.8

213.7

226.6

233.4

235.0

164.8

210.4

30,2

30.6

33.7

39.4

40.5

41.6

44.9

46.2

47.7

30.7

46.1

Males

4-17 years................................................

18-74 years..............................................

4-5 years ............................................................

6-11 years ..........................................................

12-17 years ........................................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

162.7

174.2

164.5

180.3

200.6

222.7

232.9

230.8

226.2

172.1

215.9

29.6

30.0

32.3

33.7

40’5

44.8

45.6

45.0

64.3

34.9

51.9

164.8

169.7

158.7

174.8

202.6

216.8

226.7

236.2

226.0

167.7

214.7

36.4

29.1

27.0

35.5

45.3

44.0

42.5

50.7

48.2

30.4

52.2

163.5

167.1

169.4

178.7

196.3

224.0

231.5

228,6

229.4

168.9

211.8

34.5

23.5

46.5

33.7

39.3

42.3

48.9

53.3

44.4

28.6

49.7

160.8

166.6

164.2

178.1

201.0

220.9

224.3

224.0

223.4

168.6

213.6

25.9

28.7

33.4

38.0

40.9

43.3

U.3

47.9

44.4

33.3

48.1

33.6

32.5

33.9

42.2

39.7

38,7

45.2

42.6

48.2

Females

4-17 years................................................

16-74 years..............................................

4-5 years ............................................................

6-11 years ..........................................................

12-17 years ........................................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years .............b..........................................

45-54 yaars ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

171.1

177.2

166.9

184.5

193,9

207.3

239.7

242.7

254.7

33.5

36.1

33.1

35.5

40.7

4361

56.4

49.2

44.9

161.7

171.3

165.7

163.4

195.1

203.8

229.2

253.5

250.2

30.5

29.2

31.0

41.3

42.9

42.9

48.2

45.5

51.2

167.3

169.5

168.8

175.2

195.4

209.1

224.9

241.1

251.4

29.2

28.6

28.4

34.2

34.7

41.7

41.9

46.9

55.9

168.1

169.7

167.9

184.1

193.1

207.1

228.4

242.4

244.8

41
Table 11. Serum cholesterol Iwels of males aged 4-74 yeers, by urbanization status, race, and age–mean and standard deviation: United

Stetes, 1971-74

Urbanized area I Nonurbanized area

1 million I

Less than IUrban, not in I

Rural area

Race and age persons or more 1 million persons urbanized area

Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviatioh

—

White males Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

164.4

210.0

29.8

47.7

166,4

213.1

37.2

48.4

4-17 years ..,, ............................ ........ ..

18-74 years ........ ........................ ........

4-5 years ........... ................................. ................

6-11 years .................................... ......................

12-17 years ................................................ .. ......

18-24 years ................................. .......................

25-34 years ................................................... .....

35-44 years ............. ...........................................

45-54 years ............ ........ ........ ....... .....................

55-64 years .................... ....................................

65-74 years ... .....................................................

Black males

4-17 years ................ ..........................

18-74 years ........................................

4-5 years ........................................... .............. .. .

6-11 years ......... ................................ ................ .

12-17 years ....... .................................................

18-24 years ................................................. .......

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ............................................... .........

46-54 years ..... .................. ...... ........ .................. .

5S64 yaars ............................... .. .............. .. ...... .

65-74 years ...... ................. .................................

167.6

214.0

29.6

48.7

29.9

46.7

164.1

210.5

162.7

175.3

162.0

180.3

201.2

223.7

233.6

228.7

227.4

170.1

211.8

28.2

29.8

28.2

34.7

42.1

44.1

46.4

42.3

66.1

33,6

47.2

164.1

169.6

159.2

175,1

200.5

215.4

228.3

237.6

225.4

163.6

211.5

37.4

29.9

26.1

35.8

39,9

43.3

42.2

51.7

48.4

29.2

57.8

158.0

165.9

169.3

181.0

196.7

226.7

231.3

229.1

230.1

171,0

202.5

34.1

23,4

48.2

34.1

40.4

41.6

47.3

53.9

44.9

28,3

46.5

160.7

165.1

164,2

177.8

200,9

221.0

224.3

224.1

223.1

171.6

207.4

26.1

26.8

33.4

36.0

3a3

43.1

44.9

46.9

44.4

3’1.2

4!~.8

163.7

171.8

169.9

181.9

196.1

213.3

230.6

252,9

219.1

35.4

30,9

35.4

27.4

31.0

50.4

37.7

60.4

49.1

167.5

169.4

155.7

166.3

228.3

226.0

i99.6

219.1

235.6

30.9

23.9

32.2

27.0

83.3

47.8

39.4

36.1

45.5

177.0

172,7

165,1

167.5

197.3

‘195.4

236.7

‘216.9

224.0

31.5

21.6

30.8

30.1

26.9

*46.1

43.6

*34.6

40.9

162.1

181.7

163.8

182.9

201.8

203.9

225.3

221.3

230.1

2:+8

4q,o

34,6

3!i9

.56.5

43.4

36.5

5!3.1

44.9

42
Table 12. Serum cholesterol levels of females aged 474 vears. bv urbanization status, race. and arsa-mean and standard deviation: . . .

United States, 1971-74

Urbanized area I Nonurbanized area

1 million I

Lessthan IUrbanr not in

persons or more 1 million persons I

Rural area Race and age urbanized area

Mean Standard Mean Standard

dwiation deviation

Standard

deviation Mean I

Standard

daviation

White females Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

29.7

52.7

167.8

212.0

4-17years ..........................................

18-74 yaars ........................................

171.0

216.1

34.8

52.4

166.1

215.4

28.1

49.6

168.1

213.6

33.2

48.2

45 years ............................................................

6-11 yaars ..........................................................

12-17 years ........................................................

18-24 yaars ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

170.2

176.4

165.4

183.4

192.5

207.3

239.1

242.9

255.8

176,2

215.9

34.8

36,1

32.3

35.3

41.7

40.9

58.3

48.7

44.8

35.4

47.5

159.7

170.2

163.7

182.9

195.1

202.4

230.1

253.7

250.2

175.4

209.2

30.3

29.0

29.7

41.4

42.5

42.6

49.3

45.4

51.8

32.2

47.0

166.1

167.7

168.3

175.3

193.4

209.1

225.4

240.9

251.1

?75.5

211.0

30.1

27.1

28.2

34.5

32.7

42.4

40.8

45.5

56.6

30.9

51.6

166.5

169.6

167.2

183.8

193.6

207.4

228.4

241.1

244.9

173.7

215.2

32.9

32.5

33.8

42.2

40.3

39.1

45.5

42.8

48.3

33.7

47.7

Black females

4-17 years ..........................................

18-74 years ........................................

4-5 years ............................................................

6-11 years ..........................................................

12-17 yaars ........................................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

5S64 years ........................................................

65-74 yaars ........................................................

172.9

179.3

173.8

187.2

201.1

208.7

244.1

242.1

248.9

29.6

36.2

36.2

33.7

35.3

43.8

45.0

51.9

43.8

173.5

177.1

174.1

186.7

194.1

207.0

219.6

250.3

249,0

29.3

29.5

35.7

38.1

45.5

40.0

31.9

47.2

44.2

172.8

179.1

172.5

172.3

209.7

209.5

220.6

245.5

255.0

20.0

34.1

28.6

32.5

43.9

36.4

48.9

63.6

47.5

185.8

170.8

173.2

189.7

188.3

202.0

228.8

263.5

243.1

35.7

31.7

34.1

43.4

29.0

31.7

41.8

39.4

46.9

43
Table 13. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years, by geogr:lphic region, sex, and age–mean and standard deviation: United

Sex and age

Both sexes

18-74 years ........................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Males

18.74years ..............................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Females

18-74 years..............................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

States, 1971-74

Geographic region

=~-

Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

216.2

180.0

200.2

216.8

234.8

238.6

239.9

215.5

179.7

205.4

228.6

234.4

230.9

220.8

216.9

180.3

195.0

205.6

235.2

245.0

254.8

50.5

33.4

41.1

46.9

55.3

45.5

49.4

49.0

34.0

42.5

46.8

52.2

45.5

48.9

51.9

32.9

39.0

44.1

57.8

44.5

44.4

:?11.7

.—.—

:179.3

II95.6

213.4

231.4

235.4

236.0

2!08.7

.—

175.8

196.5

2!17.4

2!27.0

:!28.6

2!21.1

2!14.7

183.1

194.8

209.9

236.3

242.5

246.6

46.5

38,1

37.4

40.8

39.6

49.0

48.5

44.6

35.5

33.7

39.3

39.2

51,1

47.6

48.1

40.3

40.7

41.8

39.5

45.7

46.2

212.0

180.9

199.2

209.8

227.0

237.8

236.8

209.5

177.4

202.0

215.1

226.7

228.5

223.0

214.1

183.9

196.6

205.3

227.2

246.3

246.7

49.3

39.3

45.9

39.9

46.5

49.1

48.3

48,3

34.4

49.0

41.9

43.3

52.2

44.9

50.2

42.9

42.8

37.6

48.9

44.5

48.2

212.0

181.4

195.0

213.4

227.3

239.1

244.7

212.3

179.3

200.3

221.0

226.9

229.6

236.4

211.8

183.1

190.4

205.8

227.7

247.4

251.3

50.$

37.3

40.5

44.4

46.7

48,4

59.4

48.6

—-

35.6

42.2

45.6

44.?3

45.d

60.$

51.6

—.

38.6

38.4

41.8

48.9 ‘

49.6

58.d

—.

44
Table 14. Serum cholesterol levels of males aged 18-74 years, by geographic ragion, race, and age-mean and standard deviation: United

States, 1971-74

Geographic region

Northeast I Midwest I South I West Race and aga

Standard

deviation

Mean Standard Maan Standard Meen Standard

deviation deviation deviation Mean

White males Sarum cholesterol inmg/100 ml

18-74 years ........................................ 216.0 49.1 208.4 45.1 208.7 48.6 212.6 48.6

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 yaars ........................................................

180.0

205.6

229.7

235.1

231.4

221.0

208.6

34.1

42.6

47.3

53.1

42.9

48.5

49.4

175.7

197.0

218.9

226.5

228.5

221.1

205.2

36.4

34.7

39.1

38,9

51.4

48.3

38.2

177.5

197.7

214.4

226,5

227.4

222,4

212,9

35.3

40.7

39.5

44,0

51.5

45.4

54.6

179.9

201.4

219,4

228.2

228.2

236.9

205.8

35.2

43.3

44.6

2;

60.8

51.6

Black males

18-74 yaars ........................................

183.6

192.8

196.9

237.2

234.4

223.0

28.3

23.4

36.7

38.2

32.7

38.1

177.4

223,6

218,o

227.4

235.7

226.5

166.8

186.1

233.2

212.1

227.0

237.3

18-24 yaars ,.,..,.,.,.,,, .,.,. ............0.!...’..................

25-34 years ,,,.!...................................................

35-44 yaars ........................................................

45%4 years ............................................ ............

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

173.5

196.3

211.6

220.6

231.9

218.4

28.2

38,8

35,3

27.0

68.3

55,1

31.5

74.2

49,9

40.4

55.8

42.7

34.2

29.5

65.0

48.2

38.2

52.1

Table 15, Sarum cholesterol levels of femalas agad 18-74 years, by geographic region, race, and age-mean and standard dwiation:

Unitad Statas, 1971-74

Geographic ragion

Northeast Midwest South West

Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard Maan Standard

deviation deviation , dwiation deviation

Race and age

Whita females Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

18-74 years ........................................ 215.0

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 yaars ........................................................

55-54 years .....m..................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Black females

217.5 52.0 214.1 47.5 51.3 211.8 51.9

180.7

194.3

204.0

235.8

245.9

255.0

211.4

174.7

202.6

214.1

233.0

233.9

252.2

32.9

38,9

41.3

58.7

44.1

44.7

182.9

195.0

210.4

234.9

238.9

247.3

40.4

41.3

41.4

38.8

43.9

46.0

53,0

182.7

195.0

206.3

227.9

247.2

247,4

210.5

43.8

43.4

38.0

50.1

45.0

48.7

45.0

182,0

180.7

205.1

227.1

247.5

250.4

274.1

38.5

38.4

42.1

49.1

49.5

58.8

18-74 years ........................................ 48.9

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 yaars ........................................................

45-54 years .....................................................0..

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

47,2 222.0

188.7

202.2

200.8

223.6

242.1

243.1

30,2

39,4

43.6

42.6

50.7

39.6

182.9

193.3

200.3

247.2

271.4

239.8

39.6

34.3

39.9

42.9

49.0

47.1

39.4

40.1

35.6

42.3

42.2

45.1

191.9

187.9

216.4

238.1

243.6

264.5

31,7

37.3

40.8

47.4

57.0

46.1

45
Table 16. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1880-62 and Health and Nutrition

Examination Suruey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age–mean and standard deviation: United States

population

Sex and age

Both sexes

18-24 years ........... ................ .. ........ ...................

25-34 years ................................... .. ...................

35-44 years ............. ...........................................

45-54 years . ............................ ...... .. ........ ...........

.55-64 years .............. ...... ....... ............................ .

65-74 years ............................ ............................

Males

18-24 years ....... ................. ........ .............. .. ........

25-34 years ..... ................. ...... ............................

35-44 years .............. ...... .................... ................

45-54 years ........................ ........ ...... .. ................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ............... .............. ...........................

Females

18-24 years ................................................ ........

25.34 years ...... ............................ ......................

35.44 years ........ ................................. ......... ......

45-54 years .......... ....... ........ ...............................

55-64 years ................... ........................ .............

65-74 years ................. ........ .. .............................

Annual family income

Less than $4,000 I

$4,000-$6,999

d

HES, 1960-62 HANES, 1971-74 HES, 1960-62

Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation deviation

Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

176.3

191.0

212.3

223.8

234.1

244.1

173.2

193.1

214.1

224.0

218.4

222.7

178.4

189.1

210.9

223.8

246.4

261.7

47.6

52.1

57.3

62.5

63.3

63.7

43.7

50.8

61.9

54.6

53.7

51.6

50.0

53.3

53.7

66.9

67.4

67.3

178.7

198.5

208.7

.222.4

‘240.3

‘239.2

178.3

196.6

:211.4

:226.3

:226.1

‘224.8

179.1

199.6

:208.3

:220.2

:247.9

:247.2

34.8

38.4

43.8

50.1

55.3

50.4

34.0

40.4

46.4

47.8

61.8

48.3

35.5

37.1

41.4

51.3

49.9

49.8

182.1

199.1

212.6

226.9

236.1

240.1

178.0

207.1

220.2

222.8

220.6

242.5

185.9

192.0

204.7

231.6

252.9

238.2

50.2

46.3

52.6

54.3

74.7

83.1

43.0

47.7

55.0

56.9

65.6

44.0

55.7

43.9

48.8

50.7

80.1

104.0

HANES, 1971-74

Mean I

Standard

deviation,

-

183.8

198.6

212.9

227.3

238.3

243.2

178.7

202.2

219.0

216.7

223.4

231.1

188.0

196.1

208.1

234.5

249.9

253.6

39.0

38.9

46.5

49.0

50.8

57.5

34.0

38.~

52,8

45.!5

45.)3

61 h

42.1

39.3

40.3

49.9

51.5

52.1

46
Table 16. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1860-62 and Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age-mean and standard deviation: United States

population-Con.

Sex and age

Both sexes

18-24 years ........... ...... ....... ......... ............... ..... ...

25-34 years .................. ........ ............. .................

35-44 years . .......................................................

4554 years .... ................................................. ...

55-64 years .......... ............................. .................

65-74 years ........... ...... ........ ...... ...... ...................

Males

18-24 years ...................................... ..................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ....... ....... .............. ...... ........ ..............

45-54 years ............................ ............................

55-64 years ..... ................. .... ........ ...... ................

65-74 years ...... ............................................... ...

Females

18-24 years ................... ............................ .........

25-34 years ........... ........ ...... ...... ........ ...... ...........

35-44 years ................... .........d................ .. ...... ...

45-54 years ............ ............................................

55-84 years ........................................ ................

65-74 years ........... ...... .. ...... .. ............ ...... .. .........

Annual family income

$7,000-$9,999 $10,000 or more

HES, 1960-62 HANES, 1971-74 HES, 1960-62 HANES, 1971-74

173.5

202.4

217.8

225.7

242.3

251.6

176.8

204.6

227.0

223.4

239.8

225.3

170.4

200.0

208.3

228.3

245.4

262.5

40.5

46.9

50.6

56.3

53.2

44.5

37.2

47.4

46.9

50.3

40.3

21.2

43.3

46.2

52.6

62.6

65.9

47.0

Mean Standard

deviation

Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation

Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

181.7

?98.0

213.7

230.2

237.8

233.4

178.0

202.0

218.4

222.2

228.7

218.7

184.9

193.8

208.5

236.0

248.0

248.1

39.3

42.8

40.7

47.7

47.4

47.5

37.7

45.2

37.3

39.0

54.1

45.7

40.3

39.8

43.0

52.4

38.6

44.5

173.9

207.8

220.9

226.6

251.6

246.1

173.7

208.5

229.3

225.5

242.0

239.5

174.1

207.2

213.2

227.9

265.7

252.5

50.5

43.4

54.2

59.3

54.0

44.8

45.8

43.3

46.7

60.0

58.5

37.9

55.7

43.5

59.3

58.4

43.0

49.8

178.9

196.7

213.5

233.4

235.0

240.2

178.0

200.7

222.1

233.1

232.1

226.3

179.8

192.7

205.1

233.7

238.9

253.6

36.0

41.2

43.6

46.6

43.8

49.5

34.4

41.3

43.9

44.9

41.6

44.8

37.7

40.7

41.7

48.5

46.3

50.0

47
Table 17. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 1B-74 years for Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1960.62 and Haalth and Nutrition

Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and aga–mean and standard deviation: United Statas population

Sex and age

Both saxes

18-24 years'........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 yaars ........................................................

Males

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ,.,,....................................................

45-54 years ...B....................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 yaars ........................................................

Females

18.24 yaars ................,,.,.,,,,,,.,,,, ,,,,.,..,,,..... ........

25.34 years ........................................................

35-44 years .................m................................<.....

45-54 yaars ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

=

Educational level

All levels II Lessthan 9 years

HES, 1850-62 I HANES, 1971-74 II HES, 1960-62 I HANES, 1971-74

Sarum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

177.2

198.3

215.4

226,1

240.8

241.9

176.3

202.9

223.6

224.3

228,6

226.7

178.0

194,2

207,9

227.9

251.9

254.7

47.8

47.9

54.0

57.5

64.7

66.2

42,8

47.8

52,9

54,8

56.6

51.2

51.7

47,6

54.0

59.9

69.5

74.3

180.5

197.4

213.4

230.2

237.9

239.6

178,0

200.8

220,9

228.4

229.5

225.9

182,7

194.1

206.6

231.8

245.5

249.9

37.2

41.3

43.4

47.3

48,1

51,7

35.0

41,9

44.0

44.5

48.8

51.2

39.1

40.3

41.6

49,6

46.1

49,7

171.7

195.3

214.1

222.8

236.3

237.6

175.8

191.7

223.1

220,3

224.5

224.2

167,4

198.2

204,9

225.4

248.7

249.9

50.8

49.6

52.7

55,8

64.0

70,1

33,8

53.4

55.0

54.3

53.8

55.2

63.4

46.2

48.7

57,1

71.1

79.5

182.4

194.9

213,7

227.6

236.0

240.1

178.2

190.6

213.6

222.7

229.0

228.6

187.0

199,2

213.8

233.3

243.4

250.0

3~.8

37,9

42.4

45.5

52,8

52,4

28.6

35,0

441,.8

45.3

67.6

5:q.3

I

3&2

4(j. 2

4:3,1

4!S.1

4[5.1

4!3,4

48
Table 17. Serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1960-62 and Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age–mean and standard dwiation: United States PoPulation–Con.

Sex and aga

Both sexes

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ..........b.............................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 yaars ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Males

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ............................i ...........................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Females

18=24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 yaars ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Educational level

9-12 years I

13years or more

HES, 1960-62 HAN ES, 1971-74 HES, 1960-62 HAN ES, 1971-74

Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

179.1

197.8

213.3

227.9

241.3

254.1

177.7

204.7

220.2

227.5

229.7

225.7

180.3

192.6

20B.O

228.2

249.8

272.0

49.5

47.!5

54.8

59.2

65.5

54.0

46.7

45.1

53.4

52.5

58.3

34.6

51.6

48.6

55.3

64.9

69.1

66.3

180.5

198.3

213.5

230.1

240.4

238.5

178.0

203.0

222.7

227.7

232.2

221.8

182.5

184.7

207.1

231.8

246.2

249.3

38.4

40.4

43.3

49.1

43.8

50.7

34.1

38.8

43.9

44.9

40.4

47.8

40.9

41.2

41.7

51.9

45.2

49.6

174.3

201.6

222.7

228.2

252.7

238,7

172.5

205.3

231.3

223.6

239.0

241.2

176,0

196.0

211.7

232.2

265.3

236.1

39.5

47.5

52.6

55.4

63.7

65.2

34.8

48.5

48.6

62.2

60.2

50.5

43.3

45.4

55.4

48.5

64.2

77.1

180.1

196.4

213.0

232.9

234.9

240.4

178.0

200.3

221.4

235.3

224.9

224.9

182.3

191.5

200.1

230.0

247.6

250.7

36.2

43.4

44.0

44.1

48.7

51.7

37.0

46.6

45.0

42.1

46.1

49.7

35.3

38.3

39.2

46.3

49.0

50.5

49
Table 18. Sarum cholesterol levels of white adults aged 16-74 years for Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1960-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age-maan and standard daviation: Unilbd

States .popu Iation

Annual family income

I

— Less than $4,000 $4,000-$6,999

Sex and age

HES, 1960-62

I

HANES, 1971-74

1

H ES, 1960-62

1

HAN ES, 1971-74

~-

Mean I

Standard

deviation

Mean I

Standard

deviation

Mean I

Standard

deviation

Mean I

Standard

deviation

Both sexes Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

18-74 years ............. .. ...... ........ .. ...... ... 217.9 63.4 217.2 54.1 212.2 59.2 214.4 51,4

18-24 years ............................. .. ...... .. ........ .........

25-34 years .............. ................. ...... ........ .. .........

35-44 years ...... ............... .................. ...... .. ...... ...

45-54 years ............... ........ ........ .............. ...........

56-64 years ............ ................. .. ...................... ...

65-74 years .. .......... ........... ........ ................ ........ .

177.3

191.6

213.5

226.2

238.2

245.8

209.0

173.5

193.9

214.3

224.3

220.9

223.3

224.3

49.1

51.7

54.5

63.2

61.8

63.1

57.2

46.1

55.1

61.0

59.3

53.6

51.6

66.8

177.0

199.1

212.5

220.2

242.4

239.1

207.1

176.1

198.1

219.7

222.5

226.4

224.1

223.7

34.4

37.4

43.0

54.1

56.4

50.8

51.7

33.3

37.1

44.1

52.8

64.0

48.3

54.6

182.B

199.4

213,3

227.1

238.2

238.9

212,7

178.6

208.2

220.7

223.2

217.0

242.5

211.6

49.8

46.7

53.3

54.4

72.3

84.9

56.1

43.6

48.6

56.5

56.3

66.6

44.0

62.1

185.6

197.9

213.8

222.7

236.6

243.7

208.9

39.4

38;9

47,2

47;8

48;6

58.3

48.5

——

34,6

38.3

538

44.9

37,3

&~b3

53,2

Males

16-74 years ................... ...........................

182.3

201.7

219.6

214.0

220.0

232.0

218.6

18-24 years ...... ..................................................

25-34 years ...... ...................... ........ ......... ....... ....

35-44 years ........................... .............................

45-54 years ........... .............................................

55-64 years ............................. .......................... .

65-74 years ............. ...... .....................................

Females

18-74 years ........... ........ .. .... .....................

16-24 years ............ ......................... ...... .............

25-34 years ........... .......... ........ .............. .. .......... .

35-44 years .. .......... ........................ ....................

45-54 years .......... ................. .......... ...... .............

55.64 years ........ ........................... .....................

65-74 years ........................................... .. ...... .....

179.9

189.3

212.9

227.3

251.2

264.3

51.0

4B.1

49.8

65.2

64.2

65.7

178.0

199.9

206.4

219.1

250.8

247.1

35.3

37.6

41.1

54.6

50.0

50.3

186.7

191.6

205.4

231.5

259.6

235.8

54.7

43.5

48.4

51.8

71.6

108,5

188.3

195.1

209.1

228.6

249.2

253.7

42.8

39.0

40,6

48,9

5:~~3

5:?!7

50
Table 18. Serum cholesterol levels of white adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (HES) 1860-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sax, and age-mean and standard deviation: United

States population-Con.

Sex and age

Both saxes

18-74 years ........................................

1B-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Males

18-74 yeasr..............................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

4554 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Females

18-74 years..............................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

Annual family income

$7,00B$9,999 $10,000 or more

HE$, 1960-62 HAN ES, 1971-74 HES, 1960-62 HANES, 1971-74

Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard Mean Standard

dwiation dwiation deviation deviation

Serum cholesterol inmg/100 ml

215.5

175.1

202.6

218.4

225.7

242.5

251.6

217.1

177.4

204.5

228.3

224.1

239.8

225.3

213.7

172.9

200.5

208.1

227.6

246.1

262.5

54.1

38.6

47.6

51.5

57.1

53.7

44.5

49.3

37.7

48.0

47.0

51.0

40.3

21.2

58.7

39.4

47.0

53.9

63.4

67.2

47.0

211.2

181.9

198.2

213.2

230.3

237.1

233.7

208.1

178.6

202.9

216.2

221.5

229.2

218.9

214.0

184.6

193.4

210.6

236.3

244.3

248.5

48.5

39.9

42.9

40.0

48.5

47.2

47.3

46.8

38.5

45.2

35.0

39.7

55.1

45.9

49.8

40,8

39.9

43.8

52.8

37.3

43.9

221.6

173.3

205.9

220.9

226.0

251.6

246.1

222.1

173.5

205.4

229.3

224.4

242.0

239.5

221.0

173.0

206.3

213.2

227.9

265.7

252.5

57.0

51.8

42.2

54.3

59.6

54.0

44.8

55.0

46.8

42.5

46.9

60.6

58.5

37.9

59.0

57.7

41.9

59.3

56.4

43.0

49.8

212.3

178.1

186.1

213.1

234.1

234,8

240.1

214.7

178.0

199.5

221.9

233.8

231.7

226.4

208.7

178.3

192.7

204.5

234.5

238.8

253.3

47.5

36.0

39.9

43.1

46.8

43.9

49.6

46.1

34.9

38.9

44.0

44.9

41.4

44.9

48.8

37.0

40.7

40.3

49.0

46.6

50.2

51
Table 19, Serum cholesterol levels of white adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (H ES) 1960-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age-mean and standard deviation: United States

population

Educational level

All levels Lessthan 9 years

—

HES, 1960-62 HAN ES, 1971-74 H ES, 1860-62 HAN ES, 1971-74

Sex and age

Standard

deviation

Standard

deviation

Mean Mean

Both saxes Serum cholesterol inmg/100 ml

16-74 years ........................................ 215.9 59.5 213.2 49.2 224.7 61.4 226.5 51[.2

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

178.4

199.0

216.2

227.1

243.1

242.9

214.7

48.2

47.6

53.8

57.8

63.8

65.4

54.5

43.8

48.8

52.3

55.8

56.9

48,5

63.7

180.3

197.0

213.6

230.4

237.6

239.8

211.7

178.3

200.4

221.3

228.9

229.2

226.0

214.5

37.4

40.7

42.9

47.8

47.6

52.1

47.4

35.4

40.6

43.6

44.9

48.1

51.7

50.8

178.7

197.7

215.6

225.8

239.2

238.4

219.4

47.0

51.3

50.0

54.9

63.1

69.4

54.0

35.8

57.5

49.8

54.5

53.2

52.1

67.5

181.7

194.4

216.4

227.3

235.9

240.1

219.9

34.2

38.7

4’1,8

46.8

52.3

53,0

51,5

Males

16-74 years..............................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

3544 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

177.2

203.5

224.7

225.4

229.0

228.2

216.9

177.2

195.6

225.4

223.7

224.7

225.6

229.8

179.0

190.9

217.7

221.6

228.4

228.9

233.2

30.7

3612

40:6

46.2

56!8

54,3

49.9

37.4

40.7

42.8

46.7

45.7

49.9

Females

16-74 years..............................................

18-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

179.4

194.8

208.4

228.8

255.8

255.3

51.7

46.0

53.9

59.7

67.0

74.5

182.1

193.7

206.4

231.7

245.2

250.0

39.2

40.6

40.9

50.2

45.8

50.0

180.4

199.4

205.6

228.1

254.2

250.4

56.2

45.8

48.2

55.2

68.7

80.5

184.7

197.8

215.1

234.3

244.0

249.7

52
Table 19. Serum cholesterol levels of whita adults aged 16-74 years for Health Examination Sutvey (H ES) 1960-62 and Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-74, by educational level, sax, and age–mean and standard deviation: United States

population–Con.

Educational level

8-12 years I 13years or more

Sex and age HES, 1860-62 I HANES, 1971-74 I HES, 1960-62 I HANES, 1971-74

Mean I

Standard Mean I

Standard I

Mean I

Standard

I

Mean

I

Standard

deviation deviation deviation deviation

Both sexes Serum cholesterol in mg/100 ml

16-74 years ,.,.........0.!......,0,,............... 211.6 58,6 I 211.8 48.5 215,0 56.1 207.4 48,0

179.8

198.4

213.8

227,6

242.6

254,3

211.7

1B-24 years ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

3544 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65-74 years ........................................................

50.9

46.5

54.9

60.1

64.0

54.0

180.4

197,9

213.2

230.4

240.0

239.1

38.3

40.0

42,4

49.7

43.6

51.1

45.1

174.0

200.9

223.2

228.2

253,6

239.6

215,2

39.5

47.7

53.4

%2

64.8

55.4

%

48.8

63.3

60.6

49.1

61.1

43.6

44.6

57.1

49.2

65.0

77.1

179.8

186.0

213.2

232.6

234.1

240.4

208,0

177.8

199.5

220.6

235.5

223.6

225.6

206.7

36.3

42.2

44.3

43,5

48.7

51.7

47.8

37.2

44.3

45.4

42.3

46.3

49.7

48.2

Males

1B-74 years.............................................. 54.1 I 211.0

47.8

45,8

54.6

178,6

202,7

222.5

18-24 years ......................................................0.

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years ........................................................

65.74 years ....................................0...................

179.1

204.5

221.0

227.3

229.3

226.3

211.6

180.5

193.6

208,3

227,9

252,5

272.0

34.3

37.8

42.9

45.2

40.4

48.1

50.8

41.2

41.3

40.7

52.5

45.0

49.9

172.4

205.0

231.4

223,4

239,5

243.0

214.7

53.9

59.1

34.2

228.3

232.7

221.8

Females

18-74 years.............................................. 61.8 212.4

18.24 yaars ........................................................

25-34 years ........................................................

35-44 years ........................................................

45-54 years ........................................................

55-64 years .....o.....o...........................................o

65-74 years ........................................................

53,3

46.5

54.5

65.1

65.6

56.7

182.0

194.1

206.5

231.9

245,4

250.3

175.7

194.8

212.0

232.4

266.8

236.1

182.0

191.7

201.4

228.8

246.B

250.3

35.2

38.9

39.7

44.8

48.6

50.6

53
APPENDIXES

I.

II.

III.

I.

IL

III.

IV.

v.

VI.

VII.

CONTEN’TS

Statistical Notes ............................................................................................................. ..............

Survey Design ................................................................................. ........ ................ ................

Nonresponse ......................................... ............................................ ...... .. ................ ..............

Data Limitation and Reliability ..... ......... ......................................................... .......................

Missing Data ... ........................................................................................................................

Standard Error ........................................................................................ ...............................

Tests of Significance .............................................................................. .................................

Demographic and Socioeconomic Terms ................................................................................ .....

Sample Size and Estimated Population Tables ..... ........................................................................

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

Sampling rates by age-sex groups .............................................................. ................................ ...

Percent distribution of nonresponse adjustment factors, stands 1-65, Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (HANES): United States, 1971-74 ...........................................................

Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74 years, by annual

family income, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 ............................................. ...................

Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of children aged 4-11 years, by education

of head of household, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 .................... ................ ...... .. .........

Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of youths aged 12-17 years, by education

of head of household, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 .. .......................................... .........

Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years, by educational

level, sex, rmd age: United States, 1971-74 .... ........ ...................................................................

Standard errora of the mean serum cholesterol levels of males aged 4-74 years, by annuaf family

income, educational level, race, and age: United Sta,tes, 1971-~4 ........... ............ .......................

VIII. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of females aged 4-74 years, by annual

family income, educational level, race, and age: United States, 1971-74 ...................................

Ix. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol level:s of persons aged 4-74 years, by urbanization status, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 ... ............................... ....................................

x. Standard errors of the mesn serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74 years, by sex, urbanization status, race, and age: United Statea, 1971-74 ................................................................

XI. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol leveIa of aduks aged 18-74 yeara, by geographic

region, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 ......................... ....................................................

XII. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years, by sex, geographic region, race, and age: United States, 1971-74 ........................... ....... .................. ...........

XIII. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 yeara for Heslth Examination Survey (HES) 1960-62 and Health anc[ Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES)

1971-74, by annuaf family income, sex, and age: United States population .......... ....................

56

56

57

58

59

59

59

74

76

57

58

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

54
XIV. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (HES ) 1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES)

1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age: United States population .....................................

xv. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of white adults aged 18-74 years for

Health Examination Survey (HES) 1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(HANES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age: United States population ..............

XVI. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of white adults aged 18-74 years for

Health Examination Survey (HES) 1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(HANES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age: United States population .....................

XVII. Sample size and estimated population in thousands for persons aged 4-74 years, by annual

family income, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 ................................................................

XvIII.Sample size smd estimated population in thousands for males aged 4-74 years, by annual family

income, race, and age: United States, 1971-74 .......................................................~..................

XIX. Sample size and estimated population in thousands for females aged 4-74 years, by annual

family income, race, and age: United States, 1971-74 ...............................................................

XX. Sample size and estimated population in thousands for children and youths aged 4-17 years, by

education of head of household, sex, race, and age: United States, 1971-74 .............................

XXI. Sample size and estimated population in thousands for adults aged 18-74 years, by educational

level, sex, race, and age: United States, 1971-74 .......................................................................

XXII. Sample size snd estimated population in thousands for persons aged 4-74 years, by urbanization

status, sex, race, and age: United States, 1971-74 .....................................................................

XXIII. Sample size and estimated population in thousands for adults aged 18-74 years, by geographic

r.swion. sex. race. and ace: United States. 1971-74 ....................................................................

71

72

73

76

77

78

79

80

82

.. ..... , , “ 84

55
APPENDIX I

STATISTICAL NOTES

Survey Design

The sampling plan of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) followed a

highly stratified multistage probability design in

which a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the conterminous United

States, aged 1-74 years was selected, Excluded

from the selection process were those persons

confined to institutions or residing on any of the

reservation lands Set aside for the American Indians. Successive elements that are dealt with in

the process of samplipg ye the primary sampling

unit (PSU), census enumeration district (ED),

segment (a cluster of households), household,

eligible person, and finally, s~mple person.

The starting points in tKe first stage of this

design were the 1960 decennial census lists of

addresses and the nearly 1,900 PSU’S into which

the conterminous United States was divided.

Each PSU is either a standard metropolitan statistical area, a single county, or two or three

contiguous counties. The PSU’S were grouped

into 357 strata for the I-Iealt~ Interview Survey

and subsequently collapsed into 40 superstrata

for the Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey.

Of the 40 superstrata, 15 contained a single

large metropolitan area with more than two million persons, These 15 large metropolitan areas

were chosen for the sample with certainty. The

remaining 25 superstrata were formed by classifying the noncertainty strata into 4 population

density groups within each of the 4 geographic

regions. Then using a modified Goodman-Kish

controlled-s? lecti~n techniqqe to assure proportionate representation of specified State groups

and rate-of-population-change classes, 2 PSU’S

were chosen from each of the 25 noncertainty

superstrata with the probability of selection of a

PSU proportionate to its 1960 population. In

this ‘manner, a total first-stage sample of 65

PSU’S or “stands “ included the areas within

wlhich a sample of persons would be selected for

examination. The PSU’S were scheduled to be

sampled over a 3-year period with 300-600

pm-sons to be examined per stand.

Although the 1970 census data were used as

the frame for selecting the sample within the

PfJU when available, the calendar of operations

required that the 1960 census data be used for

th,e first 44 locations in the HANES sample. The

1970 census data were used for the last 2:1

stands of the sample.

Beginning with the 1970 census data, the

segment size was changed from an expected 6

households that were selected from compact

clusters of 18 households to an expected compact cluster of 8 households. This change was

made for operational advantages, and research

by the U.S. Bureau of the Census indicated that

p;:ecision of estimates would not be appreciably

affected by the change from noncompact clusters to compact clusters.

For ED’s not having usable addresses (gen~-

erally located in rural areas), area sampling was

employed and consequently some variation in

the segment size pccurred. To make the sample

representative of the current population of the

United States, the address or ED segments were

supplemented by a sample of housing units that

had been constructed since the 1960 and 1970

Decennial Censuses,

Within each PSU, a systematic sample of segments was selected. The enumeration districts

that fell into the sample were coded into one c~f

two economic classes, The first class, identified

as the “poverty stratum,” was composed c)f

56
“current Poverty Areas” that had been identified by the Census Bureau in 1970 (pre-1970

census), plus other ED’s in the PSU with a mean

family income of less than $3,000 in 1959

(based on the 1960 census). The second economic class, the “nonpoverty stratum,” included

all ED’s not designated as belonging to the povert y stratum.

All sample segments classified as “poverty

stratum” were retained in the sample. For the

first 42 stands, sample segments in nonpoverty

stratum ED’s were divided into 8 random subgroups and one of the subgroups was chosen to

remain in the HANES sample. Research indicated that efficiency of estimates could be increased by changing the ratio of poverty to nonpoverty segments from 8:1 to 2:1. Therefore in

the later stands, the selected segments in the

nonpovert y-stratum ED’s were divided into two

random subgroups and one of the subgroups was

chosen to remain in the HANES sample. The

differential sampling permits a separate analysis

with adequate reliability of those classified as

“below the poverty level” and those classified

as “above the poverty level.”

After identification of the sample segments,

a list of all current addresses within the segment

boundaries was made and household members

were interviewed to determine the age and sex

of each person as well as demographic and socioeconomic information required for the survey.

If no one was at home after repeated calls or if

the household members refused to be interviewed, the interviewer tried to determine the

household composition from neighbors.

To select the persons in sample segments to

be examined in HANES and at the same time to

oversimple certain groups at high risk of malnutrition, all household members aged 1-74 in each

segment were first listed on a sample selection

worksheet with each household in the segment

Iisted serially. The number of household members in each of the six age-sex groups shown in

table I were then listed on the worksheet under

the appropriate age-sex group column. The sample selection worksheets were then put in

segment-number order and a systematic random

sample of persons in each age-sex group was

selected to be examined using the sampling

rates shown in table 1.

Table 1. Sampling rates by age-sex groups

Age and sex Rate

1-5 years (boys and girls) ..... ........ .. .... .. ...... ....................

6-19 years (boys and girls) .............................................

20-44 years (males) ......................................... ........ ......

2044 years (females) ................ .. .. ........... .....................

46-64 years (males and females) ....................................

65-74 years (males and females) ................ ................ ....

1/2

1/4

1/4

112

1/4

1

The persons selected in the 65-stand sample

of HANES made up a representative sample of

the target population and included 28,043 sample persons aged 1-74 years of whom 20,749 or

74 percent were examined. When adjustments

were made for different sampling for high-risk

groups, the response rate became 75 percent.

All data presented in this report are based on

“weighted” observations. That is, data recorded

for each person are inflated to characterize the

subuniverse from which that sample person was

drawn. The weight for each examined person is

the product of the reciprocal of the probability

of selecting the person, an adjustment for nonresponse cases (i.e., persons not examined), and a

poststratified ratio adjustment that increases

precision by closer alignment of survey results

with known U.S. population figures for 20 age,

race, and sex groups from November 1, 19 72–

the approximate midpoint of HANES.

A more detailed description of the survey

design and selection technique can be found in

“Plan and Operation of the Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey, United States, 1971-

1973,” Vital and Health Statistics, Series 1.

Number 10a~

Non response

In any hea.Ith examination survey, after the

sample is identified and the sample persons are

requested to participate in the examination, the

survey meets one of its more severe problems,

namely that of nonresponse. Usually a sizable

number of sample persons will not participate in

the examination. A further potential for bias

resuhs if the sample persons who do not participate differ from the sample persons examined

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

57
concerning the characteristics under examination. Intensive efforts were made in HANES to

develop and implement procedures and inducements that would reduce the number of nonrespondents and thereby reduce the potential of

bias due to nonresponse. These procedures and

inducements are discussed in “Plan and Operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey, United States, 1971 -1973,” Series 1-

Number 10a$

Despite these intensive efforts, 25 percent of

the sample persons from 65 stands were not

examined as compared with previous surveys

having response rates of more than 86 percent,

Consequently, the potential for a sizable bias

does exist in the 1971-74 estimates in the publication. Because more than 95 percent of the

sample persons responded to a medical questionnaire in 1971-74, the characteristics of the

nonrespondents and the nature of nonresponse

were examined. This examination indicated that

the likelihood of sizable bias is small. For instance, no greater proportion of persons with

characteristics related to serum cholesterol were

observed in those who were examined as ,compared with those who were not.

As previously mentioned, the data in this

report were based on weighted observations, and

one of the components of the weight assigned to

an examined person was an adjustment for nonresponse. A procedure was adopted that multiplies the reciprocal of the probability of selection of sample persons who were examined by a

factor that raises estimates to a level that would

have been achieved if all sample persons had

been examined. The nonresponse-adjustment

factor was calculated by dividing the sum of the

reciprocals of the probability of selection for

all selected sample persons in each of five

income groups within each stand by the sum of

the reciprocals of the probability of selection for

examined sample persons in the same stand and

income group. The five income groups were:

under $3,000; $3,000-$6,999; $7,000-$9,999;

$10,000-$14,999; and $15,000 and over. For

sample weighting purposes, income group was

imputed for 5.6 percent of the sample persons

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

using the educational level of head of household. TO the extent that the income-withirlstzmd classes were homogeneous regarding the

health characteristics under study, the adjustment procedure was effective in reducing the

potential of bias due to nonresponse. The percent distribution of the nonresponse adjustment factors computed for the 65-stand sample

of HANES is shown in table 11.

Data Limitation and Reliability

When the mean serum cholesterol level was

examined according to age, sex, race, and socic]-

economic status, the sample sizes were usually

too small to produce reliable estimates for black

p{ersons; therefore, certain groups were rearranged (e.g., income levels of $10,000-$14,999

and $15,000 or more were combined and replaced by the category $10,000 or more per

year). Even then, the sample sizes for some age

categories remained too small to present reliable

estimates. Nevertheless, aI1 means and variances

appearing in this report met defined standardk

before they were considered acceptably precise

and reliabIe.

The rule for reporting means consisted c~f

the following two basic consecutive criteria:

(1) that a sample size be at least five persons and

(2) that the estimated coefficient of variation

(i.e., the stanc&-d error of the mean divided by

the mean (sz /X) be less than 25 percent). Thus

if the sample size was too small, or if adequate

Table II. Percent distribution of nonresponse adjustment factors, stands 1-65, Health and Nutrition Examination Suwey

(H ANES): United States, 1974

Percent

Size of factor distribution

Total .............................................................. 100.0

=

1.00-1.24 .................................................................. 32.6

1,25-1.49 .................................................................. 38,5

1450.1.74..# ..................#............................................ 18.2

1,75-1.99 .................................................................. 7.4

2.00-2.49 .................................................................. 2,8

2.50-2.99 .................................................................. 01.3

3.001........................................................................

01.3

1A size of 3.00 WS assigned for all factors greater than 3.0’0.

The final poststratified ratio adjustment corrects for this

truncation.

58
and the variation regarding the mean was too

large, then the estimate was neither precise nor

reliable enough to meet the standards established for publication.

Missing Data

Examination surveys are subject to loss of

information not only as a result of failure to

examine all sample persons but also as a result of

the failure to complete fully the examination

items for the respondents. The distribution of

the number of children selected for examination, percent examined, percent with cholesterol

measurement, and the distribution of the number of examined persons aged 18-74 years with

missing serum cholesterol measurements have

been published.z

Persons with missing socioeconomic and/or

serum cholesterol values are excluded from the

estimates presented in this report.

Standard Error

The probability design of the survey determines the estimation of standard errors that correspond to the weighted estimates. The standard

error is primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, the variations that might occur by

chance because only a sample of the population

is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the

standard error also reflects part of the variation

that arises in the measurement process. Estimates of any biases that might lie in the data are

not included. The chances are about 68 out of

100 that an estimate from the sample would

differ from a complete census by less than the

standard.error. The chances are about 95 out of

100 that the difference would be less than twice

the standard error and about 99 out of 100 that

it would be less than 2 1/2 times as large.

Estimates of standard errors are obtained

from the sample data and are subject to sampling error when the number of cases in a cell

is small or even, occasionally, when the number

of cases is substantial.

Estimates of the standard errors for selected

statistics used in this report are presented in

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

tables III-XVI. These estimates have been prepared by a replication technique that yields

overall variability through observation of variability among random subsamples of the total

sample. These estimated standard errors do not

reflect any residual bias that might still be

present after the attempted correction for

nonresponse.

Tests of Significance

The procedure used in this report for testing

the significance of the difference between two

means is the Z-statistic.

If more than one test was implied (such as,

regional differences—six implied tests), then the

Bonferroni testl6 was used to test for significance. In the Bonferroni test the Z-statistic is

computed as described in the following section;

however, the critical value for Z is 2.64 for six

comparisons and 2.81 when 10 comparisons are

implied.

Comparison between HES and HANES.–

Statistical comparisons of the mean serum cholesterol levek between HES, 1960-62, and

HANES, 1971-74, were performed by using the

Z-test (which is the inability to obtain variancecovariance matrix for HES data). The following

technique was used:

Z-test–If one independent sample is drawn

from each of two univariate normal distributions

with means Ml and p2, a method is sought to

test the hypothesis that the means are equal, that

is, #l = IJ2. The null hypothesis is Ho: PI = Kz

with the alternative HA : /.Ll# N2.

Ordinarily, to test a hypothesis concerning

means from two independent samples a t-test is

performed, which makes the assumption that

U1*‘CJ22. In both the HES and the HANES data,

the numbers (sample sfizes) are generally lar e;

1 hence it was assumed that S12 = a 12, and S2 =

a22 (where S2 is the variance computed from a

sample and 02 is the true variance in the population)\and that each can be treated as constants.

In this sense, df = 00and t = z.

The standard normal test can then determine

whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis.

Because a difference between two means is being

examined, the standard error of the difference

must be computed. By using the balanced half59
Table I I 1. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of pereons aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, sex, and age:

United States, 1971-74

Sex and age

Both sexes

4-5 years .......... ....................................... .......... ...... ...................... .....................

6-11 years .............................................. .. ...................................... ................... ..

12-17 years ................ ...... ........................ .. ...... ........................ .............. ........... ..

18-24 years ...... .......... ...................... ........................ .............. ........................... ..

25-34 years ...... ................ .. ...... ........ ........................ ........ ................ .. ............. ....

35-44 years ....... ............................. .. .............................. .......... .......... .................

45-54 years ...... .................................. .............................................. ................ ..

55-64 years .............................. .. .......... ............................. ......... ...... .. ...... ........ ..

65-74 ymrs ...................... ............ .... ........ .... .............. ...... ................ ........ .. ...... ..

Males

4-17 years ........ .......... ........ .... .. ...... .. ........ ........ ...... .. ...... ........ .................

18-74 years ..................... ........ .......... ............ .... ............ .......... ........ .. ......

4-5 years .............. .............. .. ........ ...................... ............... .................... ...... ........

8-11 years ................. .. ........ .. ...... .. ...... .. ...... .................. .............. ........ .. .............

12-17 years ........... ........................ ...... .. ...................... ........................ ...............

18-24 years ........... ...... .. ...... ............ .................... .. ........ .... .. .............. .... ....... .......

25-34 years ................... ............................. .. ......... ....... ................................ .......

35-44 years ......................... .. ...................... .. ...................... .. ....... ....... .. ....... .. ....

45-54 years .................. .......... ...... .. .... .......... .......... ...... .... .............. ...... .. .............

55-64 years .. ................................ .................................. .. ............ .. .....................

65-74 years .................. ........ ........ ........ .. ...... .......... ...... .. ........ ........ ...... ............ ..

Females

4-17 years .......... .......... ...... ........ .. ........ ........ ................................... ...... .. .

18-74 years ........... ...... .......... ............ ............ ........ ........ .. ...... .. ...... ..........

4-5 years ........ .......... .............. ........ .. ............ .......... .................... ...... .. ........ ........

6-11 years ............. .. .......... .... .. ........ ........ ........................ .......... .. ...... ......... .. .......

12-17 years .............................. ....... .... .... .................. .. ..... ..... . . ............ .........

18-24 years ............... ...... ........ .. ...... .......... ...... ........ .. .. .... .. .......... .............

25-34 years ..... .. ...... .......... ...... .... .................... .... .... ........ .. .. ........ ............... .. .......

35-44 years ............................... .............. .. ........ .......... .............. .......... ......... .......

45-54 years ............... ........ ........ ........ .......... .............. .. ...................... ..................

55-64 years ..... ...................... .... .... .... ...... .. ...... .. ........ ...... .......... .. ................. ...... .

65-74 years ....... ...... .. ........ .. ...... ........................ ........ .. .... .. .. .............. .. ................

Annual family income

Less

than

$4,000

$4,000- $7,000-

$6,999 $9,999

$1o,ooo- $’;y

$14,999

more

1.75

1.63

3.29

3.13

2.58

1.93

2.81

5.34

4.32

3.37

1.97

2.16

2.84

4.43

3.54

3.50

2.93

5.44

10.64

6.98

7.11

2.78

2.48

1.92

4.98

4.17

2.87

2.60

2.91

5.09

7.12

3.74

3.09

\

Standard error in mg/100 ml

1.74

1.67

3.75

3.07

2.83

2.68

2.91

4.54

5.21

4.83

3.52

2.04

2.05

5.52

2.85

3.71

4.21

5.57

8.50

7.70

6,47

4.68

2.14

1.83

5.00

4.90

3.86

3.82

2.98

3.52

6.18

5.86

3.85

1.10

1.48

2.21

1.79

1.84

2.05

2.34

2.07

3.05

4.31

2.35

1.30

1.82

2.65

2.15

2.46

3.15

3.70

3.36

4.04

6.85

3.13

1.44

1.60

4.28

2.56

2.62

2.67

2.16

2.43

4.35

4.05

3.50

1.26

1.41

1.92

2.17

1.66

2.89

1.99

2.40

2.77

4.74

4.61

1.61

1.88

3.15

2.51

3.09

3.65

2.57

4.22

3.74

4.80

3.64

1.69

1.93

3.15

3.00

2.43

3.25

2.75

2.29

5.65

7.51

7.28

Z=(XI - F2)//v(zl ) + W2 )“

1i38

1;29

2.74

2.08

:!.12

:1124

2!137

J!146

2J62

4.62

3,62

1.73

1.8’5

2.63

2,96

3<02

3,15

4M6

3i84

4.;08

5;78

4,01

1481

1493

——-

4/76

2!:62

2!.51

4.87

2.32

2,37

3,42

6444

4/33

_——

HANES. Because HES and H-ANES are assumed If one is wiIling to accept the above assumptions

to be independent samples, the covariance be- as well as the one of normally distributed estitw~en xl an.ndX2 is zero and V(~l - X2) = maters, the Z-statistic can then be used to test

V(X1 ) + V(X2 ). Thus the statistic used to test the difference between two means. All tests

pl =p2 is were done at a = 0.05.

60
Table IV. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of children aged 4-11 years, by aducation of head of household, sax, and

age: United States, 1971-74

Sex and age

Both sexes

4-5 years ..o......................................4.....................4......................................a..........

6-11 years ...............................................................................................................

4 years ....................................................................................................................................

5 yaars ................................................................................................................................ ....

6 years ..................................................................................................................... ...............

7 years .............................................................................................................!.. ....................

8years ....................................................................................................................................

9 years ...................,.,,,.,0..,,....,., ..............................................................................................

10 years ,,.,,.,...!.....,.. ....................,.!.....,,,,,..,., 0........................................................................

11 years ................................................................................................................................ ..

8oys

4-5 years ..........................................................0..... ......................................................

6-11 years ....................................................................................................................

4 years ..................o................................o..o...m.................................t.........o.............................

5 years ...................m.......o............................o..................o.o............o.......o.o...............................

6 yearn....................................................................................................................................

7 years ................................................................................................................................ ....

8 years ....................................................................................................................................

9 years ....................................................................................................................................

10 years ................................................................................................................................ ..

11 years .................................................................................4.,,............................................0

Girls

4-5 years ......................t..........................................................................................v....

6-11 yaars ....................................................................................................................

4 years ....................................................................................................................................

5 yaars .....ooo.o...............................o.........$....o.........................o............d...........o........................

6 years m.,........... ,!.,..........0.................................,.,,..,..,,..,., ... .................................................

7 years ...........0........................................................................................................................

8 years .........................................................0...... ....................................................................

9 years ................................................................................................................................. ....

10 years. o.............o.....................oo.....o...o................oo......o.......................................................o

11 years ............................................................m......................................o..............o...............

Education of head of household

Less

than 8-11 12 years

13 years

9 years

years or more

2.88

2.18

Standard error in mg/100 ml

3.35

4,60

4,93

5.08

4.76

3.48

3.78

6.20

4,81

3.38

5.07

7.92

6.42

6.48

5,65

4.47

7.78

8.31

4.16

2.37

5.77

5.65

6.67

7.57

6.22

5.25

4.02

7.04

3.15

1.18

4,51

3.61

3.27

6.86

4,83

3,37

3.44

5.44

3.74

2.11

3.74

5.79

4.23

9.86

6.61

6.41

4.24

6.66

4.95

2.16

9.04

3.82

4.63

8.38

6.53

4.83

5.76

7.14

2.33

2.03

2.42

3.44

3.95

2.54

3.35

5.05

4.64

4.65

2.84

2.53

3.18

4.92

3.59

2.80

4.79

7.33

4.04

4.66

3.85

2.75

3.70

5.53

5.80

4.24

5.18

5.76

9.87

6.47

2.35

1.70

2.99

3.38

5.45

5,67

3.72

5.23

3.13

4.43

2.96

2.17

3.55

4.43

5,10

7.51

3.84

7.16

3.61

5,66

3.52

2.78

4.20

.5,14

9.57

5,85

5.77

6.57

6.59

5.60

‘1

61
Table V. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of youths aged 12-17 years, bv education of head of household, sex, and . .

age: United &etes, 1971-74

Sex and age

Both sexes

12-17 years ......... .. ................................ .............. ....................................................

Boys

12-17 years ............................................... ........ ......................... ..................................

Girls —

12-17 years ......... .................................. ........................... .................... .. ...... ................

Education of head of household

=

Standard error in mg/100 ml

1.58 —

4.26

4.74

4.18

4.62

4.86

4.02

2.72

3.5e

7.60

6.69

7.01

8.18

4.30

1.96

10.25

5.19

6.40

5.90

6.33

5.71

2.01

_

4.44

3,18

5.53

7.86

3.88

4.26

3.48

7.32

5,80

11.72

1?,.20

5.56

4.94

2.26

5.72

2.73

4.70

9.90

6.75

6.50

2.07

3.02

6.12

3.91

4.50

4.17

3.76

2.57

3.98

9.51

5.40

3.91

3.76

4.67

2.65

4,39

3.97

5.05

8.62

6.67

5.31

2,29

7;14

5:33

4.03

4.43

6,88

5.40

3.56

——

15.03

6:00

W57

$! 54

8199

5:92

2,48

4,76

8,11

8.55

7’.86

8,45

%65

62
Table V1. Standard errors of the mean $erum cholesterol levels of adults awd 18-74 years, by educational level, sex. and aqa: United

States, 1971-74-

Sex and age

Both saxes

18-74 years .......................................................................A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

18-24 years .............................................................................................................................

25-34 years .............................................................................................................................

35-44 years ......................................................................m......................................................

45-54 years ........................................................................+....................................................

55-84 years .............................................................................................................................

65-74 years .............................................................................................................................

Males

18-74 years ..................................................................................................................

18-24 years .............................................................................................................................

26-34 years .............................................................................................................................

35-44 years ..........................................................................................................*..... .............

45-54 years .............................................................................................................................

!55-64 years .............................................................................................................................

65-74 years .............................................................................................................................

Females

T8-74 years ..................................................................................................................

18-24 years .............................................................................................................................

25-34 years .............................................................................................................................

35-44 years .............................................................................................................................

4!5-54 years .............................................................................................................................

55-64 years .............................................................................................................................

65-74 years .............................................................................................................................

Educational level

Less

than 9-11

12 years

13 years

9 years

years or more

Standard error in mg/100 ml

1.55

3.72

3.63

2.88

3.32

2.96

1.84

2.40

7.09

6.08

4.61

3.99

4.81

3.25

1.60

5.16

4.37

3.85

5.60

3.94

2.47

1.38

2.19

2.27

3.01

3.40

4.29

3.22

1.99

2.25

5.38

5.88

3.89

4.28

4.84

2.15

4.43

2.56

2.45

5.42

5.90

3.61

1.03

1.78

1.90

2.17

2.48

2.88

2.86

1.39

2.47

2.68

3.94

3.81

4.70

3.91

1.44

2.69

2.24

1.74

3.69

3.49

2.77

1.60

1.96

2.35

2.48

3.23

4.64

2.92

2.18

2.94

4.07

3.90

3.50

6.14

5.07

1.86

2.14

2.16

2.54

5.49

6.96

5.26

63
Table VI 1. Standard errors of the mean swum cholesterol levels of malas aged 4-74 yaars, by annual family income, educational Ieval,

rata, and age: United States, 1971-74

Race and aga

White males

4-17 years..,, ......................d...............

18-74 years........................................

4-5 years............................................................

6-11 years..........................................................

12-17 yaars........................................................

18-24 yaars........................................................

25-34 years........................................................

35.44 years........................................................

45-54 years..,..,,,,,..,.,, ........................................

55-64 yaars........................................................

65-74 years......................................,................!

Black males

477years ..........................................

16-74 years.,,,, ...................................

4-5 years............................................................

6-11 yaars...o.....<..m.............l...............................

12.17years .................................l ......................

1B-24 years.......................................,.,,,,,,,.,,,.,..

25-34 years........................................................

35-44 years.....................l........4........ll ...............

45-54 years........................................,......,..0..,,.

55-64 years........................................................

65-74 yaars........................................................

~

Annual family income Educational level

L

.ess

- $7,000- $10,000 Less

;;O ?6;?9;

9-11 13 years

$9,999 or more than 12 years. or M(,re

9 years

years

,

Standard error in mg/100 ml

2.!38

2.72

7.61

5.’17

3,!58

3<!31

5.75

11.’11

9.!32

7,!51

3.44

2.!55

5.69

5.75

3.:32

4.77

6.;27

5,!53

4.21

8,05

4.19

3.B2

2.31

1.79

4.86

3.29

4.25

4.91

5,72

10.06

8,05

5.22

5.19

3.79

9.50

10.57

6.38

5.69

6.40

12.38

15.88

18.41

33.42

10.70

1.56

1.95

2.93

2,60

2.85

3.64

4.30

3.53

4.69

7.29

3,21

3.76

5,88

11.88

4.98

5.43

9.14

6.98

14.43

6,10

19.01

8,95

1.08

1.28

2.22

1.78

2.16

2.68

2.22

2.82

2.83

4.28

2.79

5.04

7.42

12.76

10.00

6.77

5.21

22.42

16.18

15.05

28.68

15,84

2.28

2.72

5.84

4.08

3.31

10,62

6.82

4,97

4,53

4.83

3.84

2.91

4,90

6.35

4,73

3.82

4,87

13.08

11.22

6.93

15.49

3.41

1.55

2.29

3.11

2.48

2.89

2.77

7,18

5.91

4.32

4.34

5,09

3.56

6.28

8.23

4.48

7.56

7,36

11,14

24.05

8.17

14.36

16.69

1.53

1.42

2.72

2.84

2.81

2.66

2.66

4,05

3.83

4.93

3.97

3,10

5.67

8.81

4.03

5.02

8,39

7,34

14.15

17.15

20.21

20.77

1.46

2.11

2.96

2,06

3.57

3.12

3,67

3,84

3,56

6,98

5,22

6.74

11,79

:19.17

9.25

15,41

7.86

2!7,13

:!1.95

:!1,04

*82.81

18.92

64
Table VI 11. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol Iwels of females aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, educational Iwel,

race, and age: United States, 1971-74

Race and age

White females

4-17 years..........................................

18-74 years........................................

45 years............................................................

8-11 years........m.................................................

12-17 years........................................................

18-24 years........................................................

25-34 years........................................................

35-44 years........................................................

45-54 years........................................................

55-84 years........................................................

65-74 years........................................................

Black females

417 years..........................................

18-74 years........................................

45 years............................................................

5-11 years..........................................................

12-17 years............................o........m..................

18-24 years........................................................

25-34 years........................................................

35-44 years.............o..........................................

45-54 years... {....................................................

55-64 years........................................................

65-74 years........................................................

2.61

2.09

6.34

6.09

3.07

2.96

4.49

6.53

9.00

4.09

3.28

4.07

2.83

6.87

5.79

3.85

4.76

4.05

5,50

7.34

8,26

5.15

\

2.63

2.02

6.67

6.17

4.04

5,01

2.88

3.76

7.13

6.62

4.16

2.73

5.50

6.QO

3.81

5.91

4.94

8.66

7.79

12.54

12.71

8.58

Educational level

Standard error in mg/100 ml

1.30

1.76

4.45

2.16

2.53

3.01

2.46

2.51

4.68

4.30

3.67

4.61

4.17

10.01

9.82

6.84

6.31

5.60

8.18

11.88

16.50

15.12

1.20

1.65

3.40

2.15

1.65

3.15

1.85

1.98

3.66

5.09

5.30

6.07

3.23

7.88

9.59

8.41

10.66

7.16

5.61

13.25

60.45

43.76

1.74

1.87

4.50

2.82

2.45

6.OB

5.08

4.48

7.15

4.48

2.62

4.20

2,82

6.88

5.79

3.91

11.67

5.88

8.02

8.26

8.82

3.68

1.62

2.41

5.91

2.51

2.08

5.05

2.96

2.%

5.24

6.74

3.78

3.91

4,80

6.50

3.55

7.77

5.62

5.39

5.03

14,39

18.13

6.10

1.83

1.48

4,35

2.7!5

2.71

2.84

2.33

1.71

3.75

3.42

2.82

5.56

3.17

6.81

9.08

6.44

5.22

4.44

5.38

15.38

22.43

14.54

13 years

or more

.

1.56

1.98

3.95

2.90

2.57

2.25

2.27

2.73

5.41

6.93

5.46

7.79

6.83

7.46

6.84

15.77

6.69

7.32

7.95

23.93

●78.65

17.62

65
Table IX. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of persons aged 4-74 years, by urbanization status, sex, and age: United

States, 1971-74

Sex and age

Both sexes

4-5 years ...............................c..........................................................................................

6-11 years ........................................................................................................................

12-17 years ......................................................................................................................

16-24 years ......................................................................................................................

25-34 years ......................................................................................................................

35-44 years ......................................................................................................................

46-54 years ................................................................................................................<.....

55-64 years ......................................................................................................c........<......

65-74 years ......................................................................................................................

Males

4-17 years.......................c......................................................................................

18-74 years............................................................................................................

4-5 years ........................................................................................................................

6-11 years ........................................................................................................................

12-17 years ....................................................................................................................

18-24 years ......................................................................................................................

25-34 years ......................................................................................................................

35-44 yaars ............................................................................................!<........................

45-54 yaars ...............................!......................................................................................

55-64 years ....................................................................................................................

65-74 years ............................................................................................ .........................

Females

4-17 years.............................c......................................................l.........................

16-74 years.................................c.........................................................................

4-5 years ................................................................................................8.........................

6-11 years ........................................................................................................................

12-17 years ......................................................................................................................

16-24 years ............................................................................................!... ......................

25-34 years ......................................................................................................................

35-44 years .........................................................................................................4...... ......

45-54 years ......................................................................................................................

55-64 years ......................................................................................................................

65-74 years ......................................................................................................................

Urbanized area

!

Nonurbanized area

# -i

Urban,

1 million Lessthan

1 million

not in Rural

persons

or more

urbanized area

persons area

Standard error in mg/100 ml

0.85

1.10

1.80

1.52

1.09

2.13

1.77

1.98

2.66

3.93

3.47

1.11

1.01

2.00

2.57

1.76

2,25

3.26

2.93

3.46

4.79

6.26

1<53

1.75

3.39

2.33

2.04

2.70

2.58

2.05

4.94

5.36

2.90

1.77

2.23

1.98

2.10

2.36

3.00

3.44

3.75

4.36

4.78

3.30

2.14

2.19

3.57

3.21

2.31

3.99

4.68

7,14

4.50

7.44

3.68

1.91

3.00

4.07

2.19

3.21

3.37

3.05

3.66

5.51

4.18

4,27

2.20

1.63

4.00

2.45

4.49

4.18

3.26

3.34

3.16

4.48

3.92

2.95

3.24

5,40

2.68

8.07

6.32

5,78

7.90

6.16

5.96

2.93

2.12

2.06

5.19

3.68

2.44

2.90

2.32

2.52

6.52

5.45

4.96

1.36

1.44

2.74

‘1.93

‘1.64

2.28

2.21

‘1.98

:2.35

:3.97

‘1.97

‘1’.51

‘1~,78

:2.44

:2.17

‘1,97

:3.44

:3.21

:3.58

4.26

4.67

2.06

1.67

1.66

4.00

2!.78

2.64

$93

2.20

2.29

3.35

4.58

3.19

66
Table X. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of persons agad 4-74 years, bv sex. u rbenization status. race. and aoe:

United States, 1971-74 -

–. . .——“-

Males Females

Urbanized area I Nonurbanized area I Urbanized area I Norsurbanized area

Race and age

1 million Less than Urban, 1 million Less than Urban,

parsons 1 million not in Rural

parsons 1 million not in Rural

or more persons

urbanized area

or more wrsons

urbanized area

area area

White Standard error in mg/100 ml

3.33

3.11

1.55

1.82

1.80

2.07

4-17 years ........ ........ ............ .

18-74 years ...... ............. .. ......

4-5 years .................. ...................... .......

8-11 yeprs, ......... ........ ...... .. ............ .......

12-17 years .. ......... ..... ........ ............. .. ....

18-24 years ...........................................

25-34 years ................................. ...... ....

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years ........... ........ ........ ...... .. .... ....

55-64 years ...........................................

65-74 years ............. ........................ ......

Black

.

4-17 years...,...,, ................ ....

1%74 years ............... .. ...... ....

4-5 years ........ ............... ..... .. ...... ...........

6.11 years ..... .. ...... ....................... .........

12-17 years..., ........................... ........ .. ..

18-24 years ............................ ...... ...... .. .

25-34 years ......................................... ..

35-44 years ........ ........ .... .......................

45-54 years .. ........ ......................... ........

55-64 years ........ ... .................... ............

65-74 years ........ .. ............ .......... ...........

1.42

1.29

2.42

2.19

1.94

2.14

2.02

3.15

1.53

1.70

2.05

2.97

1.59

2.45

3.79

3.57

3.70

5.40

6.95

2.72

4.28

3.30

4.04

2.70

4.28

3.85

6.69

4.35

8.02

4.10

3.56

8.67

5.67

2.90

8.63

5.96

6.28

8.32

7.39

6.44

3.42

3.48

9.21

2.52

2.19

2.18

3.81

3.65

3.66

4.50

4.39

2.49

5.04

7.71

4.52

2.88

2.31

3.29

3.16

2.73

5.25

6.03

3.46

3.20

3.02

5.42

2.33

3.31

3.69

2.71

3.75

6.32

4.67

4.37

4.02

4.07

5.95

3.63

2.77

3.54

2.36

2.87

7.11

5.46

5.17

8.65

7.78

4.27

2.92

2.48

4.28

2.32

2.46

3.24

4,66

3.38

6.40

4.61

8.58

4.09

3.85

3.83

4.27

11.29

8.58

18.11

5.82

14.25

3.90

5.75

13.43

37.60

19.19

11.85

14.95

7.71

9.81

7.47

13.28

15.12

8.49

●72.22

12.31

‘78.35

10.88

5.60

9.62

3.47

7.81

13.69

18.86

9.05

25.64

5.57

5.19

4.81

4.98

4.?7

3.38

4.31

11.45

11.27

5.82

7.69

5.08

7.15

7.71

9.16

5.69

6.41

13.85

7.71

8.67

10.75

12.46

7.53

8.98

10.33

13.47

44.69

10.88

8.61

3.19

9.60

6.06

5.59

8.70

3.14

5.41

5.57

67
Table Xl. Standard errors of the mean serum cholestercd Ievelsof adu’lts aged 18-74 years, by geographic region, sex, and age: Unit&d

states, 1971-74

Sex and age

Both sexes

18-74 years ...............................................................................!...............................

18-24 years .............................................................................................................................

25-34 years ..............................................................................................!... ............................

35-44 years ............................................................................................................................

45-54 years ..............................................................................................................................

55-64 years .............................................................................................. ...............................

65-74 years ..............................................................................................................................

Males

18-74 years ................................................................................................O..................

18-24 years ..............................................................................................................................

25-34 years..............................................................................................................................

35-44 years ..............................................................................................................................

45-54 years ..............................................................................................................................

55-64 years ..........................!...... .............................................................................................

65-74 years ..............................................................................................................................

Females

18-74 years ...................................................................................................................

1&24 years ..............................................................................................................................

25-34 years ..........................................!..... ............................................. ................................

35-44 years .

............................................................................................. ................................

45-54 years ............................................................................................. ................................

55-64 years ..............................................................................................................................

65-74 years .........................................!...... ...............................................................................

Geographic region

Northeast Midwest South West

—

Standard error in mg/100 ml

1.31

1.85

2.49

2.28

3.76

3.96

3.03

1.69

2.53

4.10

4.02

6.86

5.93

4.55

1.86

3.07

2.40

1.68

4.91

4.67

3.46

1.14

2.80

1.57

1.78

1.66

5.67

2.41

1.68

3.70

1.43

2.76

3.03

7.00

1.93

1.72

3.71

2.55

2.57

3.37

5.93

2.84

1.89

3.27

4.06

3.50

3.07

5.41

1.49

2.30

4.67

6.81

7.66

5.59

6.16

2.36

2.21

3.82

2.58

2.10

5.22

6.03

3.17

1.99

2.89

2.80

3.33

2.33

4.73

3.57

1.90

3.33

4.41

4.44

3.03

6.91

5.22

2.66

4,18

3jol

3;58

4.58

4.82

5.15

68
Table Xl 1. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years, by sex, geographic region, race, and age:

United States, 1971-74

Males Females

Race and age

Northeast Midwest South West Northeast Midwest South West

White Standard error inmg/100 ml

18-74 years .......................................... 1.81 1,65 2.21 1.92 2.03 1.83 2.45 2.59

1S24 years .......................................................... 2.78 3.98 5.59 3.82 3.62 4.17 3.99 4.54

25-34 years .......................................................... 4.21 1,63 6.47 4.84 2.72 2.85 ‘ 2.62

35-44 years .................................................o........

3.11

4.44 2.95 6.42 4.26 1.80 2.44 2,15 4.40

45-54 years .......................................................... 7.15 2.87 5.72 3.19 5.33 2,57 5.92 4.90

55-64 years .......................................................... 5.88 7.22 7.27 7.48 4.66 6.11 6.88

65-74 years ......~............................................7....

5.16

4.80 2.45 3.83 5.88 3.80 2.68 3.67 5.07

Black

18-74 years.., ....................................... ,5.25 5,65 4.92 8.65 3.42 5.64 3.22 6.66

18-24 years .......................................................... 5.91 6.23 4,86 22.27 5.42 8.46 5.68 4,91

25-34 years .......................................................... 9.43 5.75 24.71 4.05 4.83 5.44 5.30 11.27

35-44 yaars .......................................................... 10.94 5,13 15.67 25.47 5.86 5.57 4.93

45-54 years ..........................................................

7.02

11.23 10.60 7.41 14.98 13.12 22.08 5.50

55-64 yaars .......................................................... 27.71

12.12

20.28 18.33 15.57 13.99 9.42 7.43

65-74 years ..........................................................

24.24

9.08 5.66 5.43 4.77 8.09 8.22 3.32 12,75

69
Table X111. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Suwey (H ES)

1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by annual family income, sex, and age: United States

population

Sex and age

Both wxes

18-24 years ...........................................

25-34 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years ...........................................

5564 years ...........................................

65-74 veals ......................................

Males

16-24 years ...........................................

25-34 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years ...........................................

55-64 years ...........................................

65-74 years ...........................................

Females

16-24 years ...........................................

25-34 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

46-54 years ...........................................

55-64 years ...........................................

6574 years ...........................................

Annual family income

Lessthan $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000 or more

H ES, HANES, H ES,, HANES, H ES, HAN ES, HES, HAN ES,

1960-62 1971-74 196GIB2 1971-74 1960-62 1971-74 1960-62 1971-74

Standard error in mg/100 ml

3.57

2.78

3.25

3.37

2.79

4.19

3.91

4.31

6.24

J 5,43

4.41

5.12

4.10

3.45

4.21

3.62

2.90

5.74

1.93

2.81

5.34

4.32

3.37

1.97

2.93

5.44

10.64

6.98

7.11

2.78

2.60

2.91

5.09

7,12

3.74

3,09

2.47

1.81

2.13

2.91

378

5,,63

4,,73

3,61

3,48

3,66

4,74

8,27

2.96

2.72

2.62

3.62

5.29

8.04

2.68

2.91

4.54

5.21

4.83

3.52

4.21

5.57

8.50

7.70

6.47

4,68

3.82

2.98

3.52

6.18

5.86

3.85

3.48

2.47

3.62

2.60

4.08

9.24

5.42

3.45

4.83

3.50

5.65

8.17

3.85

3.03

4.57

5.95

9.37

8.34

2.06

2.34

2.07

3.05

4.31

2.35

3.15

3.70

3.36

4.04

6.85

3.13

2.67

2.16

2.43

4.35

4.05

3.50

6.36

4.44

3.83

4.32

4.43

9.36

9.17

5.20

5.70

6.65

7.22

8,94

5.09

7.27

3.25

4.98

8.00

12,72

2.42

1.58

1.83

1.96

3.48

3.16

2.63

2.64

2.88

2+14

3.p6

2.67

3,14

1.77

1;81

3.57

5.02

5.03

70
Table XIV. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of adults aged 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (HES)

1960-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age: United States

population

Sex and age

Both sexes

18-24 years. ..........................................

25-34 years ..... ...... ................ ........ ...... ..

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years ...........................................

55-64 years .... ...... .................. ...............

65-74 years ...........................................

Males

16-24 years ...........................................

25-34 years ...... ....................... ..............

35-44 years ....... .. ..................................

45-54 years ........................ ............ .......

55-64 years...........................................

65-74 years .................. .........................

Females

18-24 years .................................. .........

2%34 years ............................ ...............

35-44 years .................... .......................

45-54 years ......................................... ..

55-64 years ........ ................ .. .... .............

65-74 years ............ ...............................

Educational level

All levels Less than 9 years 9-12 years 13 years or more

2.04

1.85

1.75

1.88

2.13

3.23

2.54

2.91

2.56

2.41

3.13

3.66

2.17

1.41

1.95

2.02

2.45

3.84

1.35

1.38

1.49

1.40

2.35

1.28

1,73

2.20

2.56

2.34

3.08

1.95

1.89

1.32

1.29

2.27

2.67

1.86

Standard error in mg/100 ml

3.42

3.20

2.61

2.31

4.06

4.37

4.42

4.28

4.05

3.68

4.59

4.87

5.35

3.71

4.19

2.46

4.32

5.49

3.72

3.63

2.88

3.32

2.86

1.84

7.09

6.08

4.61

3,99

4.81

3.25

5.16

4.37

3.85

5.60

3.94

2.47

2.23

2.60

1.82

2.08

2.95

4.78

3.49

4.27

2.33

2.87

4.50

4.93

1.=

1.92

2.07

2.86

3.93

6.31

1.67

1.47

1.71

1.82

2.48

2.19

1.76

2.46

3.35

3.05

3.75

2.94

2.45

1.79

1.36

2.86

3.26

2.36

3.48

3.40

4.50

3.04

5.38

5.16

3.75

3.80

5.67

5.21

2.79

8.27

5.55

3.99

4,26

3.17

9.28

9.26

HAN ES,

1971-74

1.96

2.35

2.48

3.23

4.64

2.92

2.94

4.07

3.90

3.50

6.14

5.07

2.14

2.16

2.54

5.49

6.96

5.26

71
Tabla XV. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol Iavels of white adults 18-74 years for Health Examination Survey (HEN

1960-62 and Iiaalth and Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) ‘1971-74, by annual family incoma, sax, and age: United StatGs

population

Sex and age

Both saxes

18-24 years,, .........................................

2~34 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years ......................................

55-64 years ...........................................

65-74 years ...........................................

Males

16-24 years ...........................................

25-34 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years ......................................

55-64 years...........................................

65-74 years ...........................................

Famales

18-24 years ...............................0...........

25-34 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

46-54 years ...........................................

55-64 years ...........................................

65-74 years ...........................................

=

Annual family income

Lessthan $4,000 I

$4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 I $10,000 or more

Standard error inmg/100 ml

3.96

3,30

3.06

3.18

2,91

4.62

4.39

4.22

4,96

5,73

5.10

5.51

4.62

4,31

3.90

3.74

3.06

5.91

2.41

3.24

5.81

6.36

3.79

2.08

3.91

5.75

11.11

9.92

7.51

3.44

2.96

4.49

6.53

9.00

4.09

3.28

2.69

I .:34

2J~q

3.112

3,86

5,89

5.03

3.;?4

3~)5

3.85

4.[14

8,:27

3.09

2.87

2.54

4.05

5.40

8.44

2.92

2.79

5.25

5.41

4.97

3.86

4.91

5.72

10.06

8,06

5.22

5.19

5,01

2.88

3.76

7.13

6.62

4.16

3.57

2.54

3.61

2.72

4.14

9.24

5.58

3.53

4.89

3.64

5.65

8.17

3.91

3s04

4.94

5.95

9.80

8.34

2.32

2.70

2.27

3.29

4.70

2.51

3.64

4.30

3.53

4.69

7.29

3.21

3.01

2.46

2.51

4.68

4.30

3.67

6.85

4.69

3.87

4.16

4.43

9.36

9.58

5,27

5.76

6,24

7.22

8.94

5.61

7.28

3.25

4.98

8.00

12.72

2.39

1.51

1.87

1.93

3.61

3.25

2.68

2.:22

2.[32

2.[33

4.:28

2.”79

3,’15

1.[35

1.98

3.66

5.Q9

5.30

72
Table XVI. Standard errors of the mean serum cholesterol levels of white adults aged 1B-74 years for Health Examination Suwey (H ES)

1860-62 and Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HAN ES) 1971-74, by educational level, sex, and age: United States

population

Sex and age

Both sexes

18-24 years ...........................................

25-34 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years ...........................................

55-64 years ...........................................

65-74 years ...........................................

Males

18-24 years ...........................................

25-34 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years ...........................................

55-64 years ...........................................

65-74 years ...........................................

Females

16-24 years ...........................................

2534 years ...........................................

35-44 years ...........................................

45-54 years......................................

55-64 years ...........................................

6574 years ...........................................

Educational level

All Iwels Lessthan 9 years 9-12 years

H ES, HANES, HES, HAN ES, HES, HAN ES,

1860-62 197T-74 1860-62 1971-74 1960-62 1971-74

Standard error inmg/100 ml

1.94

1.78

1.69

1.75

2.06

3.35

2.43

2.68

2.59

2.30

3.49

3.99

2.36

1.49

1.93

2.10

2.58

3.82

1.38

1.41

1.51

1.50

2.49

1.40

1.90

2.29

2.40

2.42

3.27

2.28

2.05

1.41

1.45

2.38

2.81

1.94

4.33

3.18

2.42

1.94

3.79

4.82

6.48

5.00

4.24

3.09

4.98

5.34

5.73

4.23

3.98

2.86

4.50

5.61

5.20

4.15

3.17

4.01

3.24

2.05

10.62

6.82

4.97

4.53

4.83

3.84

6.09

5.08

4.46

7.15

4.48

2,62

2.28

2.54

1.60

2.20

3.05

5.03

3.36

3.96

2.26

2.93

4.56

4.97

2.25

2.10

1.97

3.07

4.11

6.38

1.72

1.60

1.81

1.90

2.57

2.27

1.91

2.73

3.29

3.27

3.87

3.09

2.67

1.85

1.54

2.97

3.49

2.37

13 years or more

=J=

3.67

2.94

4.58

3.05

5.44

4.85

3.82

3.66

5.72

5.37

2.97

8.41

6.06

3,02

4.38

3.02

9.14

9.26

2.00

2.26

2.64

3.12

5.15

3.08

3.12

3.67

3.84

3.56

6.98

5.22

2.25

2.27

2.73

5.41

6.93

5.46

73
APPENDIX II

DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC TERMS

Age. –The age recorded for each examinee

was the age prior to the examination date. The

age criterion used in this survey was defined as

the examinee’s age at time of the census interview. Twenty persons who were 74 years old at

the time of the interview became 75 years old

at the time of the examination. In the adjustment and weighting procedures used to produce

national estimates, these persons were included

in the 74-year-old group.

Race. –For each individual; race was recorded as “white, “ “black,” or “other races.”

The last category included American In,dians,

Chinese, Japanese, and all races other than white

or ‘black. Mexican persons were included with

white unless definitely known to be American

Indian or of another race other than white.

Black persons and persons of mixed black and

other parentage were recorded as “black.”

Geographic req”on. —The 48 contiguous

States and the District of Columbia (excluding

Alaska and Hawaii) were stratified into four

broad geographic regions, each of about the

same population size. With a few exceptions the

compositions were as follows:

Rep”on States included

Northeast ....... Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York,

New Jersey, Pennsylvania

Midkest ......... Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri

South ............. Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,

West Virginia, Kentucky, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Georgia, Florida,

Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,

District of Columbia

West ............... Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah,

Nevada, California, Arizona, New

Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota,

North Dakota

In a few instances the actual boundaries of

the regions did not follow State lines. Some

strata in the Midwest and South include primary

sampling units (PSU’S) located in the West. Similarly, some strata in the West contain PSU’S located in the Midwest and South.

Family income. –The income recorded was

the total income received during the 12 months

prior to the interview by the head of the household and all other related household members.

This income was considered the gross cash fa!mily income (excluding pay in kind) except for

those families owning farms or businesses. Then,

the net income was recorded. Furthermore, the

income of a member of the Armed Forces living

at home with his family (even though he was ,not

considered a household member) was included.

If he was not living at home, allotments or other

money received by the family from him were included in the family income figure.

Education. –The only grades counted were

those attended in a regular graded public or

private school where persons were given formal

education, during the day or at night, either on a

full-time or part-time attendance basis. A “regular” school advances a person toward an {ele-,

mentary or high school diploma, or a college,

university, or professional school degree. Education received in vocational, trade, or busirless

74
schools outside the regular school system was

not counted in determining the highest grade

completed. If a person attended schodl in a

foreign country, at an ungraded school, under a

tutor, or under other special circumstances, the

nearest equivalent of his highest grade attended

was given.

Urbanization status.–The classification of

urban-rural areas was defined in the 1960 census. According to that definition, the urban ‘

areas are (1) places of 2,500 inhabitants or more

incorporated as cities, boroughs, villages, and

towns (except towns in New England, New

York, and Wisconsin); (2) the densely settled

urban fringe, whether incorporated or unincorporated, of urbanized areas; (3) towns in New

England and townships in New Jersey and Pennsylvania that have no incorporated municipalities as subdivisions and either have 2,500 inhabitants or more, or a population of 2,500 to

25,000 with a density of 1,500 persons per

square mile; (4) counties in States except the

New England States, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania that have no incorporated municipalities

within their boundaries and have a density of

1,500 persons or more per square mile; and (5)

unincorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or

. more that are not included in any urban fringe.

The remaining population is classified as rural.

The categories of urbanization status (according to population density) are as follows:

(1) urbanized area, 3,000,000 persons or more;

(2) urbanized area, 1,000,000-2,000,000 persons; (3) urbani~ed area, 250,000-999,999 persons; (4) urbanized area, under 250,000 persons;

(5) urban, not in an urbanized area, 25,000 persons or more; (6) urban, not in an urbanized

area, 10,000-24,999 persons; (7) urban, not in

an urbanized area, 2,500-9,999 persons; and (8)

rural.

000

75
Appendix 1I I

SAMPLE SIZE AND ESTIMATED POPULATION TABLES

Table XVI 1, Sample size and estimated population in thousands for persons aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, a?%,and age: United States,

1971-74

Annual family income

Lessthan $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 or more

Sex and age

Estimatad

population

in

thousands

——

12,082

27,111

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Sample

size

Sample

size

!;ample

size

Sample

size

Sample

size

Both sexes

4-17 years........:.

18-74 years, .......

4-5 years ............................

6-11 years ..........................

12-17 years ........................

18-24 years ........................

25-34 years ........................

3544 years ........................

45-54 years ........................

55-64 years ........................

65-74 years ........................

Males

13,041

29,170

1,791

,5,692

5,558

6,107

7,055

4,697

4,706

4,256

2,349

6,412

13,741

1,196

2,587

14,112

29,824

920

2,072

938

3,268

6,176

19,882

874

2,256

7,359

17.883

1,267

2,962

—

296

482

489

%3

685

519

348

268

581

635

1,131

159

336

425

270

494

558

353

194

203

473

857

1,119

4,598

6,365

3,741

5,794

6,505

6,447

3,725

899

6,380

14,386

231

363

354

549

317

291

231

322

1,558

478

1,196

939

2,792

2,445

4,756

2,146

1,870

2,299

3,836

4,975

3,259

7,917

211

351

312

412

427

283

209

215

710

413

851

1,048

3,294

3,017

4,293

3,338

2,043

2,514

2,943

2,752

3,667

7,758

249

486

481

423

702

592

401

202

267

584

1,012

1,635

6,392

6,085

4,960

7,814

6,345

6,335

3,213

1,158

7,057

15,027

4-17 years ...... ......

18-74 years .............

45 years.....,......................

&l 1 years ..........................

12-17 years ........................

18-24 years ........................

25-34 years ........................

36-44 years ........................

45-54 year.............,..,...,...

55-84 years ........................

65-74 year?.........................

Females

417 years ..... ... .....

18-74 years .... .. ... .

45 years ............................

6-11 years ..........................

12-17 years ........................

1%24 years ........................

2534 years ........................

3544 years ........................

45-54 years ........................

55-64 years ........................

65-74 years ........................

518

1,522

1,219

2,289

814

860

852

1,334

1,768

2,917

11,685

102

163

148

126

104

73

86

97

365

461

1,405

506

1,714

1,447

1,928

1,358

891

1,021

1,288

1,273

3,692

10,125

148

248

241

170

219

149

152

130

311

632

1,831

935

2,842

2,635

2,810

3,563

2,178

1,994

2,018

1,177

6,629

15,429

118

243

223

150

231

180

213

106

132

612

1,575

789

3,275

2,994

2,416

3,939

3,076

3,454

1,664

479

7,055

14,797

77

165

231

la

151

173

186

116

125

447

1,215

563

2,243

3,574

1,972

2,909

3,272

3,422

2,283

528

5,702

12,7’25

121

186

171

197

75

63

99

118

644

460

2,072

110

167

183

352

242

228

132

204

914

421

1,270

1,226

2,466

1,333

1,010

1,447

2,502

3,207

109

188

164

286

323

210

123

119

345

542

1,579

1,570

2,365

1,981

1,152

1,493

1,655

1.479

148

236

248

393

486

370

194

138

270

855

2,850

2,923

3,297

3,491

2,519

2,712

2,238

1,172

131

243

238

273

471

412

188

96

135

846

3,117

3,092

2,545

3,876

3,288

2,882

1,548

678

82

171

194

164

343

385

167

78

78

%8

2,355

2,7’91

1,769

2,885

3,;!32

3,C125

1,4.42

371

76
Table XVI 11. Sample siza and estimated population in thousands for malas aged 4-74 yaars, by annual family income, race, and aw:

United States, 1971-74

Annual family income

Race and age

Lessthan $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,00CP$9,999 $10,000 or more

Estimated

population

in

thou sends

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Sample Sample

siza

Semple

size

Sampla

size size

199

824

White males

4-17 years ......................

18-74 yaars ....................

1,764

5,920

286 2,877

6,659

510

957

5,508

12.160

970

1,713

12,674

685 27.885

4-6 years .,,.,.,.,,..,,,.,,.,,,,.,,,..,,,,.,,,,..

8-11 years ......................................

12-17 years ....................................

18-24 yaars ,.,.,,., ,,,. ,.,,,,,.. ...............

25-34 years ....................................

35-44 years ....................................

45.54 years ....................................

55-64 yeers .............0...... ................

65-74 years ....................................

62

78

69

141

53

40

55

81

454

274

357

284

872

608

1,781

550

548

495

1,089

1,477

1,445

1,824

64

107

95

97

80

55

65

80

308

146

155

385

1,289

1,193

1,606

1,203

745

834

1,111

1,160

785

1,055

128

191

191

140

180

123

119

114

281

122

157

2,%

2,227

2,454

3,171

1,848

1,704

1,875

1,111

863

1,403

163

373

414

227

%?

365

209

238

75

133

1,292

5,234

6,149

4,112

6,274

6,052

6,644

3,839

976

611

1,208

Black malas

4-17 years ......................

18-74 years ....................

66

106

100

50

21

22

44

36

184

225

627

592

385

232

308

357

259

281

38

55

53

28

21

18

21

16

51

121

410

254

308

140

148

188

174

100

19

54

49

27

37

25

31

13

24

87

383

393

328

388

308

276

76

51

11

29

35

24

36

14

30

11

18

50

229

332

228

471

176

208

93

31

4-5 yaars ........................................

8-11 years ......................................

12-17 years ....................................

18-24 years ....................................

25-34 years ....................................

35-44 years ....................................

45-54 years ....................................

55-64 yeers ....................................

65-74 Years ...............!..... ...............

77
Table XIX. Sample size and estimated population in thousands for females aged 4-74 years, by annual family income, race, andl age:

United States, 1971-74

Annual family income

Less than $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000 or more ——

Estimated

population

in

thousands

—-

Race and age

Estimated

population

in

thousands

1,638

9,177

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Sample

size

183

1,355

Sample

size

Sample

size

Sample

size

972

2,561

White females

4-17 years ......................

18-74 years ....................

4-5 years .. .... ................ ..................

6-11 years ......................................

12-17 years .................. ........ ...... ....

18-24 years ................. ....... ............

25-34 years .................. ............... ...

35-44 years ................ ........... ...... ...

45-54 years ........................... .........

55-64 years ................................... .

65-74 years ....................................

Black females

293

1,077

2,793

8,482

490

1,527

5,544

13,763

I :~,049

26,050

46

61

76

210

123

106

84

141

691

274

701

262

656

719

1,851

780

653

1,089

2,017

2,788

1,250

2,699

7:?

117

104

205

239

140

97

94

30~

167

310

400

1,211

1,182

1,909

1,612

918

1,219

1,456

1,367

881

1,521

114

186

190

331

381

285

171

119

240

137

282

190

385

397

382

756

727

327

168

201

78

194

741

2,431

2,372

2,973

3,058

2,048

2,511

2,061

1,113

1,030

1,555

‘1,307

5,157

5,584

4,025

6,377

6,141

5,547

2,943

‘1,017

4-17 years ......................

18-74 years ....................

4-5 years ...... ...... .............. ..............

6-11 years ......................................

12-17 years ....................................

16-24 years ....................................

25-34 years .................... .............. ..

35-44 years ................................. ...

45-54 years ....................................

55454 years ................................. ...

65-74 years ....................................

640

‘1,220

63

106

105

135

117

119

47

63

220

158

614

479

572

545

329

355

485

414

37

7(1

60

75

79

68

25

23

40

142

3$0

388

415

345

226

265

174

96

32

49

56

54

81

78

23

18

28

99

409

521

281

416

441

201

158

57

20

25

33

47

48

56

26

5

12

83

269

288

238

308

282

336

24

31

78
Table XX. Sample size and estimated population in thwsands for children andyouths aged 4-17 vears, h education of head of household. sex. race. anda.ae: Unrted Stales.

1971:74

Education of head of household

Lets than 9 years

Both ~Xn5 Boys

911 years

Girls Both saxes Boys

$

Estimated

Sample population

size in

thousands

GA Race and age

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thoutands

Sample

size

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Sample

size

Sample

size

Sample

size

Sample

size

All racesl

417 years ........

t

1,118 10,199

257 1,473

435 4,488

426 4,527

1,240 10.421 II 615 5.147 545 5.124 T

625 5,274

107 499

234 2,0i9

284 2,747 -i573 5,075

134 611

227 2,256

212 2,205

_

45 years ..........................

8-11 years ........................

12-17 Yww. . ....................

211

455

574

779

128

286

365

454

448

2,100

2,598

3,848

326

1,469

2,033

1,243

123

20B

214

562

2,240

2,321

4,129 I

221

5,346 290

White —

417 years,.,,.,.,,...,. 7,867

723

381 T

7M 7,864

153 863

239 3,495

282 3,6C6 T

349 3,986

71 379

133 1,755

145 1,852

355 3.97B —

4-5 years ..........................

B-11years ........................

12-17 years ......................

60

138

183

82 I

484

136 1,740

137 1,753

3,008

4,137

---1 217 1,093

51 123

91 51 B

75 453

61ack —

417 years, ............

--lt- 2,471 229

223 44

1,(E7 79

1,181 108

225 I 1,228 410 I 2,195

-t193 1,101

51 174

74 481

68 446

45 years ... ...................... .

6-11 years .,..,.,....,....,.,,.,.,

12-17 years ......................

82

165

207

122

557

564

38 100

88 510

101 617

102 I 297

165 S9B

143 899

llnc.tudes races other than white and black.

Table XX. .%mplesize andettimatedp cpulation inthoutands forchildron andyauths ~d4-17ycar$, tyackmation G4 Iwadof hmaahoid, sex, raca, anda~: United States,

1971 -74-COn,

Education of had of ho”mh~d

12 years

Bovs

13 years or mom

Both =XttS Girls Boys Race and aga Both sexes Girls

timple

size

Estimatad

population

in

thousands

10,070

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated Estimated

population

in

thcusamds

14.166

Estimamd

population

in

thwtands

Eswnated

population

m

thousands

Sample

size

Sample

size

1$61

.%mple

size

Sample

size size

915

in

thousandt

9,806

All racasl

417 years ........ l,Bm 19,877 805 548 6,802 515 6,205 _ _ _

4-5 years ..........................

S11 years ........................

12-17 years ......................

426

708

684

1,485

347

574

564

328

2,586

8,575

8,7D5

17,647

2,316

7,642

7,669

2,142

213

359

333

747

1,362

4.363

4,345

8,936

215

349

351

744

1,233

4,212

4,361

8,711

254

405

402

952

1,840

5,6LU

5,883

12,197

12-1

214

205

49B

122

189

187

42

S62

2,923

3,017

6,469

932

2,712

2.825

362

127

191

197

454

102

172

IN

53

878

2,661

2,648

5,728

Whita

417 years ..............

45 years ..........................

6-11 years ........................

12.17 years ......................

178

288

275

161

1,211

3,90Q

3,825

1,094

169

288

289

167

1,105

3,742

3,664

1,048

224

361

367

95

27

37

31

1,673

5,169

5,3!S6

767

153

358

257

740

2,457

2,531

405

Black —

417 years..............

45 years ..........................

&l 1 years .................... ....

12-17 years ................ ......

81

133

114

280

923

939

35

70

56

152

453

490

46

63

58

128

471

449

5

21

16

30

174

158

22

16

15

123

182

98

lIncludes races other than white and black.

79
‘Table XX1. S@mplesize andestlmated population inthouaands foradult$ aged lB-74year$,b yeducatlonall evel,aax,r .sca,anda@: United Statas,1971-74

Education Iavd

Leas than 9 years

Malas

9.11 vaara

Bath SEXOS Ferodes Both saxea Malas Femala$ Rata and age

E$timatad

mpulatlon

In

thousands

Est Imflted

IOpU lation

In

thousands

Estimated

>opulation

In

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimatad

population

in

thousanda

Eatlmatad

aopulatlon

In

thou$$nda

Sample

*IZ3

Sample

size

%mple

slza

Sample

siza

Sampla

size

Sample

aiza

All racesl

1&74 years ...... 3,740 24,665 1,750

51

78

119

24S

263

993

1,301

12,446 1,990

93

1BE

286

210

264

960

1,441

12,206

—

621

1,170

1,473

2,368

3,270

3,307

9,8s3

2,416

-

466

476

471

300

222

491

1,804

21,600

—

4,459

3,633

3,s66

4,1 S2

3,333

1,087

18,252

S16

-

162

110

114

142

94

194

648

9,499

—

2,267

1,381

1,643

2,114

1,377

728

8,203

1,000

-

:3

367

168

128

297

1,168

42,000

——

2,202

2,262

2,253

2,C89

1,966

1,269

10,048

1&24 yeara ......................

26.34 yeara ......................

36.44 yoar5 ..,,,,,,,,4,.,., .... ..

46-64 yaara .. ....................

66.64 years ......................

86.74 yaars ......................

Whlta —

16.74 year.,,,,.,,..,,

144

264

404

46s

527

1,043

2,742

1,299

2,325

3,013

6,207

S,674

6,1 3S

20,114

679

1,166

1,640

2,S39

3,404

2,s20

10,151

16.24 veara ,,.,.,,.,..,..,.,..,,,

26-34 years ............. .........

3b44 yaara ,,,,..,,,,.,., ........

4b64yeara ,,.,,.,...,,.,,,,,,,,,

66.S4 yaar: ......................

6674 yaara .. ....................

81ack —

16-74 years.., ........<

18.24 vaara ......................

2534 yaara ......................

35.44 yaara ......................

4bMyeara,,, ...................

65.S4 years ......................

6b74yaara ,,,,,,,.,,., ..........

36

2C6

272

330

3s9

1,469

967

916

1,949

2,310

4,042

5,616

6,272

4,335

2s

S2

66

17s

200

74s

432

470

961

1,148

2,210

2,921

2,431

2,219

58

144

187

162

189

711

526

437

8SB

1,171

1,s32

2,S94

2,841

2,116

308

321

332

238

164

420

696

3,643

2,774

3,201

3,777

3,084

1,853

3,144

121

73

90

114

S2

168

180

1,893

1,040

1,374

1,905

1,315

678

1,269

187

246

242

125

102

262

435

1,749

1,734

1,S28

1,813

1,760

1,175

1,876

50

56

124

126

134

468

322

370

660

1,136

1,023

636

21

:

S8

so

235

17s

195

392

602

472

3B0

z90

57

74

233

144

176

258

633

551

456

142

162

136

81

37

S7

773

L?

465

286

128

40

36

23

28

11

23

361

331

266

209

60

42

102

117

113

33

26

44

411

615

401

266

206

84

1Includes races other than white and black.

80
Table XXI. .%mplesize andestimated populeticm in thousands for adults aged 18-74 years, by educational level, sex, race, and aw United States, 1971 -74–Ccm.

Educational level

12 year5

Males

13 years or more

Both sexes Females 8oth sexes Males Females Race and aW

Sample

size

4,469

Estimated

population

in

Estimated

population

in

thousands

19,876

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

>opulation

in

thousands

Sample

size

1,416

Sample

size

Sample

size

Sample

size

Sample

size

47,6@3

All racesl

18.74 years ......

18.24 years ......................

2534 years ......................

3544 years ......................

4554 years ......................

6564 years ......................

6574 years ......................

White

18-74 years.., .........

18-24 years ......................

2534 years ......................

35-44 years ......................

4554 years ......................

5564 years .. .......... .... ..

6$74 years ......................

Black —

18.74 years ............

18-24 years ......................

25-34 years ......................

35-44 years .............. ........

45.54 years ........... ...........

55-84 years ......................

6574 vears ......................

3,053 27,730 2,938 34,364 1,224 18,800 1,714 15,564

_ _ _ _ _

941

1,173

942

545

328

540

3,869

741

989

817

502

310

500

567

191

173

112

40

15

36

10,403

11,632

9,190

8,529

5,s1

2,291

43,823

9,129

10,547

8,420

8,127

5,388

2,212

3,480

1,213

1,021

675

365

138

68

284

325

223

209

137

236

1,245

228

279

203

185

130

220

168

53

45

18

22

5

15

4,417

5,239

3,741

3,188

2,329

962

18,439

3,661

4,853

3,509

3,028

2,266

921

1,345

530

383

201

144

53

33

657

848

719

336

191

302

2,614

513

710

614

317

180

280

409

138

128

94

18

10

21

5,966

6,392

5,449

5,341

3,232

1,330

26,365

5,268

5,693

4,911

5,06s

3,122

1,291

2,135

683

638

473

221

86

35

7.50

772

485

287

176

486

2,627

652

685

434

255

167

4S4

248

76

66

40

27

8

29

6,493

9,229

5,697

5,23o

3,334

2,181

31,775

78734

8,381

5,49s

4,805

3,162

2,088

1,870

627

626

254

302

62

77

274

289

198

159

97

209

1,113

248

255

183

146

91

190

79

77

24

8

10

4

16

4,416

5,159

3,5s4

2,926

1,865

871

17,497

4,0s4

4,675

3,360

2,820

1,737

841

765

189

319

83

94

57

22

476

483

289

128

81

257

1,514

4C4

430

251

109

76

244

169

59

44

32

17

4

13

4,077

4,070

2,334

2,304

1,468

1,311

14,277

3,670

3,7m

2,136

2,o85

1,425

1,255

1,105

336

309

170

206

25

55

‘Includes races other than white and balck.

81
Table XX Il. Sample size andestimated population inthouand~ forpersons aged &74years, byurbanization status, sex, race, andage: United States, 1971-74

=

Urbanized area

1 million persorwcmnmre Less thanl miliion~rsons

Females

—

Both sexes Males Both sexes Males Females Race and age

Sample

size

778

1,437

158

3C6

314

211

23B

202

23S

167

381

504

1,035

108

190

206

150

169

151

169

125

271

265

366

49

111

106

56

60

46

86

38

101

jampl e

size

76S

2,319

180

296

283

430

565

500

229

17B

417

450

1,572

96

183

171

268

387

334

160

122

301

295

697

Estimated

population

in

thousands

18,56S

38,920

1,865

7,247

7,457

7,191

B,l 27

7,134

7,507

5,582

3,379

13,076

32,775

1,445

5,670

5,960

5,936

6,691

6,949

6,390

4,83S

2,972

3,261

5,564

Estimated

mpulatiOn

in

thousands

——

S,939

18,87B

—

935

3,748

4,256

3,474

4,053

3,346

3,767

2,778

t ,461

7,157

16,215

767

2,959

3,432

2,979

3,393

2,B46

3,276

2,431

1,290

1,666

2,322

Estimated

Npidation

in

thousands

Sample

size

1,536

3,756

33B

601

597

641

S03

702

467

345

798

954

2,607

204

373

377

418

556

485

329

247

572

550

1,C63

129

21B

213

207

227

193

131

94

211

Sample

size

~opulation

in

thousands

Sample

size

DopuIation

in

Sample

size

Doputat ion

in

thousands

All racesl

417 years .......

16.74 years .,.,,.

46 years ... . .. . .. ... . ..

E-l 1 years ... . .. ..... . ....

12.17 years . .. . .... ..... ...

16.24 years ...... .. ......... ..

25-34 years ........ ..............

36.44 years ... ...... .. . .. .

4S54 years ...... .. . .. ...

55-64 years ... . .. . .. .... .

65.74 years ......................

White

7,629

20,042

930

3,498

3,201

3,717

4,075

3,789

3,741

2,804

1,917

5,91 s

16,560

679

2,712

2,528

2,957

3,298

3,103

3,113

2,407

1,682

1,595

3,243

1,258

3,354

273

606

479

618

696

522

359

309

84B

933

2,755

201

3B0

352

496

583

405

313

260

696

317

657

12,912

31,624

1,567

5,657

5,68S

6,470

7,039

5,063

5,313

4,658

3,082

10,82s

2B,361

1,309

4,706

4,812

5,743

6,287

4,30s

4,942

4,2SS

2,814

1,981

2,984

594

1,246

139

247

214

190

211

150

163

135

397

443

1,052

101

183

159

158

184

129

143

114

324

148

117

6,124

14,666

—

778

2,721

2,624

2,939

3,415

2,596

2,440

1,973

1,305

5,140

13,338

654

2,263

2,223

2,659

3,127

2,273

2,292

1,797

1,190

952

1,225

664

2,106

-

134

265

265

428

487

372

196

174

451

490

1,703

700

197

193

336

399

276

170

146

374

169

380

6,788

16,956

————

790

2,935

3,063

3,532

3,624

2,467

2,873

2,684

1,776

5,688

15,043

——

655

2,444

2,589

3,o84

3,160

2,o35

2,650

2,491

1,624

1,029

1,759

417 years ..............

18-74 years............

4-5 years .. .. . .. . .. .... ...

6.11 years ............ ............

12-17 years ... . .. . .. . ......

16.24 years ......................

25-34 years ......................

3&44 vears ......................

45.54 years ......................

55-64 years . .. .... .... .. ....

6574 years ......................

81ack

417 years ..............

1%74 years..., ........

45 years .. . .. . .. . . . .. .

6.11 years ........................

12.17 years ......................

16.24 years ......................

25.34 years ................ ......

35.44 years ........ .... .. ....

45-54 years ..... .... .. .. . ..

55-64 years ..... .... .. .... .

6574 years ......................

394

1,454

1,413

1,148

1,275

1,013

1,075

67$

3B0

169

726

761

448

547

429

4s3

275

159

60

107

108

151

167

147

66,

58

110

235

728

632

700

728

584

612

397

221

70

124

123

106

106

112

44

46

141

241

929

811

624

690

724

352

351

242

37

57

54

28

26

21

19

18

66

115

452

385

243

262

323

140

158

9s

33

67

69

78

B3

91

25

28

75

126

477

426

381

427

401

212

193

144

llncludes races Other than white and black.

82
Table XXIl. Sample sizeand estimated population inthoumnds forpemons awd+74years, byur&nization smtus, *x, ra@, andaw United States, 1971-74-Con.

NOnurbanized area

Urban, not in urbanized area Rural area

Both SeXeS Males Females Both ~XG5 II Males Females Race and age

. Samp4e

size

Estimated

>opu[ation

in

thousands

6,252

16,862 —

820

2,634

2,796

3,806

3,011

2,801

2,890

2,537

1,915

5,383

15,129

Estimated

Copulation

in

Estimated

population

in

thousands

2,988

9,017

—

378

1,173

1.447

1,978

1,611

1,542

1,424

1,2S6

1,183

2,598

8.112

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

zmpulation

in

Estimated

population

in

Sample

size

Sample Sample

size

290

1,069

-

68

104

117

223

212

207

96

2%

233

936

Sample

size

1,862

4,812

_

419

726

817

695

697

824

594

450

1,352

1,835

4,234

Sample

size size

309

660

_

73

120

116

119

90

73

85

80

213

238

.569

3,254

7,945

—

442

1,461

1,351

1,83o

1,400

1,259

1,465

1,269

721

2,785

7,017

9,486

19,689 —

1,224

3,964

4,286

3,540

4,135

3,475

3,479

3,052

2,008

8,565

18,123

9,454

21,622

1,196

3,835

4,423

3,667

4,624

3,795

4,? 25

3,22o

2,390

8,540

20,208

All racesl

1118,950 986

41,512 1,918

2,420 207

7,819 359

6,711 420

7,208 253

8,759 2s5

7.27’0 “ 239

7,604 279

6,273 216

4,396 686

4-77 years ........

18.74 years ... ...

599

1,749

_

142

224

233

342

302

28o

181

163

481

471

1,505

976

2,894

_

212

367

397

442

632

565

315

234

666

814

2,546

4-5 years ................. .........

6.11 years .................... ....

12-17 years ......................

16-24 yean ......................

25-34 years ......................

35-44 wws.. . . ................

45+4 years ....................<.

5564 years ......................

65.74 years ... ...................

17,106 821

38.331 1,686

White —

4-17 years. .............

1S-74 years .... ........

45 years ................ ..........

S.11 years ..................... ...

12-17 years ......... .............

1S-24 years ..,,.,, ...............

25-34 years ... ...................

35.44 years ......................

4554 years ......................

55-64 years ......................

6574 years ......................

107

175

189

288

266

243

154

147

407

123

227

652

2,277

2,455

3,236

2,694

2,541

2,508

2,408

1,742

819

1,576

157

337

325

428

285

%

129

170

50

93

95

100

81

68

70

74

176

67

82

22

25

20

15

8

4

13

3:

326

1,282

7,178

1,493

1,276

1,137

1,254

1,219

638

422

734

108

159

155

2X

92

92

192

%

57

82

t?4

188

185

175

84

73

231

56

145

11

22

23

31

27

28

12

E

326

995

1,277

1,742

1,416

1,404

1,254

1,1s9

1,104

397

642

49

178

170

203

193

107

170

z

352

599

6S4

588

8C%

736

537

402

1,163

321

557

67

124

130

102

84

64

56

44

187

2,215 II 177 1,120

3,570

3,876

3,169

3.798

3,260

3,217

2,826

l.B52

862

1,472

104

387

370

353

330

160

262

219

146

175

301

338

370

56a

517

291

210

5W

162

335

37

S4

59

69

:

23

z

1,095

3,484

3,961

3,346

4,285

3>570

3,862

2,961

2,193

914

1,459

101

352

461

293

m

225

242

202

197

7,054

7,s37

6,517

6,083

6,829

298

346

218

238

221

7;079 246

5,778 192

4,045 573

81ack

4-17 years.,.., .........

1&74 years ............

1,776 I

159 2,931 222

4-5 yams ..........................

6.11 years ...................... ..

12-17 years .................... ..

1&24 years ......................

26.34 years .................. ....

35-44 years ......................

4554 years ...................<..

55.64 years .... ..................

66.74 years ......................

33

47

43

46

35

32

25

16

73

205

739

832

647

628

386

504

421

345

30

56

71

33

26

16

33

23

91

lIncludes races other than w’ltk and black.

83
Table XXlll. Sample size andestimated population inthousands foradultsaged 18.74yeam, bygeOgraphic regiOn, ~ex, ram, anda~: IJnitedsmtes, 1971.74

Geographic region

Northeast

Males

Midwest

Males

.

Both sexes Females Both s8X@S Females Race and age

Sample

size

——

Estimated

Sample

size

Estimated

population

in

thousands

Estimated

population

in

Estimated

population

in

th(msands

Estimated

copulation

in

thousands

Estimated

pOputatiOn

in

thousands

Sampla

size

sample

size

1,123

sample %mDle

size size in

thousands

All racesl

13-74 years ,,.,.. 2,926

_

457

613

522

361

279

694

2,483

378

508

432

317

234

614

422

31,459 14,936 1,803 16,523 3,251 33,370 1,258 16,542 1,993 l&82B

_ _ _ _

1S-24 years ......................

25-34 years ......................

35-44 years ......................

45-54 years ... .... ... .. ...

65-64 years .... .. .... ... ..

6574 years ..... . .... ..... .

5,50s

6,231

5,695

5,903

4,95B

3,167

2B,776

4,977

6,672

5,150

5,526

4,474

2,977

2,438

159

186

15s

163

124

335

978

138

156

141

142

104

296

137

2,723

3,130

2,7S4

2,6S4

2,226

1,390

13,833

2,525

2,886

2,617

2,543

1,950

1,314

965

288

427

366

198

155

359

1,505

239

352

291

175

130

318

265

2,783

3,101

2,911

3,218

2,732

1,778

14,943

2,452

2,786

2,533

2,983

2,525

1,664

1,483

641

709

579

402

283

737

2,732

437

600

480

333

247

635

489

S,983

7,585

5,900

6,240

4,744

2,937

30,345

5,386

6,824

5,332

5,621

4,437

2,746

2,706

193

215

166

201

135

348

1,075

159

185

142

167

126

296

172

3,083

3,734

2,785

3,272

2,433

1,224

15,121

2,752

3,343

2,517

2,990

2,383

1,135

1,228

34B

494

413

201

146

389

1,657

278

415

338

166

121

339

317

2,890

3,831

3,115

2,96B

:!,311

1,714

I 5,224

—.

:?,634

3,481

:2,815

:?,631

:2,053

‘I,61O

‘1,478

White

IB-74 years ............

lE-24 years ....... .. . .. ....

25-34 years ......................

3544 years ......................

4554 years .. .. . .. .... ......

5564 years ......................

65.74 years ......................

Black —

1S-74 years...,.., .....

18-24 years ..... .................

2534 yews ......................

3544 years ......................

45-54 years .. .. . .. .... .. . .

5564 years ......................

6574 wars ......................

75

98

85

42

43

79

4S8

51 B

511

357

396

188

18

27

14

21

19

38

149

214

163

141

213

74

57

71

71

21

24

41

318

304

348

216

183

114

93

102

91

6S

36

99

456

671

4B5

604

307

182

29

28

23

33

9

50

244

347

236

268

50

83

64

74

6B

35

27

49

212

325

248

337

257

99

llncludes races other than white and blach

84
Table XXlll, &mpleilzoand eatlmted population intioumndsfor adulttawd l&74yeari, wgoqraphlc mglon, wx, r~, mda~Unitad 8ttiw, l97l-7+Con,

Googrq : raalon

South west

Ba

Sample

91ZC

mxa

Eitlmmtd

mpulttlon

In

thousands

30,905

101

Ettlmmd

wpulstlon

in

thousands

Ida:

E,tlnwtod

pefxhlon

In

thouunds

16,77s

BOI —.

BamrXs

Iila

doxaa

Eitlm@@d

population

in

thownd$

I Ih

Estlmawd

population

In

thawonds

F

wnph

Six,

At

Eitlnwmd

mpulatlon

In

thoumnds

Ssmplo

SIzo

&mple

Iizi 91ZC

All racosl

16.74 yams......

1S.24yws ,,.,,,,,,,,,.,.,......

25-34 yom ,.,,.,..,.,,.,,,..,.,.

3644 yam ,..,.,..,.,,.,.,,,,.,.

4b54 yam,,.,,.,,,.,,.,,.,.,...

66-64 yaws ......................

65-74 ymrs .....................

White

16-74 years............

16-24 yem.. ..........c.........

25-34 year$......................

3bU yam ......................

4b54 years ......................

!S6-64years ......................

66-74 years......................

Black

16-74 years..,.,,.,.,,.

16-24 yoar~..,.,,...,,.,,,,,,.,..

26-34 years......................

3b44years,.., ..................

4b54 ymrs ......................

6544 yoara,,...,,,,,,,,,..,,,..,

6b74 years ......................

3,77s 1427 14,127 2,361 3,716 33,264 1,4s3 15,576 2,263 17,70s

663

657

677

410

351

1,120

2,710

6,374

6,1S3

4,821

5,362

4,767

3,407

25,029

217

197

147

169

163

514

1,042

2,943

2,BSS

2,203

2,374

2,281

1.427

11,445

44s

4s0

430

221

166

6CM

1,668

3,431

3,265

2,s17

2,988

2,476

1,961

13,563

636

721

650

42S

3M

92s

3,176

6,815

S,9E%

6,653

5,608

4,6s0

3,262

30,467

204

206

196

212

176

460

1,249

3,024

3,240

2,s04

2,s20

2,133

1,466

14,294

431

615

455

216

178

468

1,927

3,7W

3,717

2,949

2,989

2,457

1,606

16,173

449

434

407

311

269

7s4

1,056

4,S58

4,960

3,666

4,3B8

4,068

2,635

5,805

155

150

113

136

127

361

380

2,239

2,406

1,747

1,906

1,867

1,177

2,S63

204

330

284

175

142

433

676

2,s28

2,664

2,141

2,479

2,122

1,658

3,142

&

662

372

305

797

437

S,200

6,299

5,267

6,383

4,313

3,015

2,106

::

396

359

227

202

173

1s1

173

183

146

391

156

24

1s

16

23

21

66

2,764

2,95S

2,s34

2,596

1,975

1,344

607

353

42

379

163

166

406

279

81

61

69

24

19

56

3,416

3,340

2,623

2,766

2,337

1,671

1,199

289

292

246

17s

101

116

206

176

170

9s

81

323

1,476

1,214

932

974

643

MS

61

46

34

u

160

696

436

466

465

314

243

147

129

136

46

46

173

779

726

476

50s

329

322

85

E

47

40

111

160

163

160

163

126

S6

llncludeg race#other than white and black.

W.8, GOVERNMENTPRINTING OFFICE: 19S0 311-240/6 1-3 85
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS Series

Series 1. Programs and Collection Procedures. –Reports which describe the general programs of the National

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions and data collection methods used and include

definitions and other material necessary for understanding the data.

Series 2. Data Evaluation and Methods Research. –Studies of new statistical methodology including experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, and contributions to statistical theory.

Series 3. Analytical Studies. –Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health

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Series 4. Documents and Committee Reports. – Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and

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Series 10. Data From the Health Interview Survey. –Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use of

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from direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized population provide the basis for two types of reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined

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providing long-term care, ambulatory care, hospital care, and family planning services.

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occupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.

Series 20. Data on Mortality. –Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or monthly

rep orts. Special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demograp~lc variables; geographic and time

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geographic and time series analyses; studies of fertility; and statistics on characteristics of births not

available from the vital records based on sample surveys of those records.

Series 22. Data Fro m the National Mortality and Natality Surveys. –Discontinued ef ftictive 1975. Future reports

from these sample surveys based on vital records will be included in Series 20 and 21, respectively,

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of a nationwide probability sample of ever-married women 1544 years of age.

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NCHS PoSTAGE ANO FEES PAIO

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EOUCATION, ANO WELFARE

u S DEPARTMENT OF HEW

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HEW 396

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National Center for Health Statistics

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