12/23/2009

RFS2 Final Fuel Production/Distribution Emission Impacts Calculation Spreadsheet

This spreadsheet tool was used to estimate changes in "upstream" domestic non-GHG emissions associated 

with the RFS2 final rule inventories.

By selecting the desired reference case and control case in cells N10 & N12 of the [Inputs_Vol] sheet, the 

impacts of each control case relative to each reference case can be generated.

The net results are shown in the [Results Diff] sheet.
Renewable Fuel Volumes

Inputs (from GREET/EPA Modeling) 2022 RFS2

Bgal 2022 2022

Referenc

e Case

Policy 

Case Difference Ref Policy

Corn Ethanol – Dry Mill - Plant with NG (dry and pelletize DDGS) 4.2 5.2 1.04 Dry Mill NG (Dry DG) 34.3% 35.0%

 - Plant with NG (wet DGS) 2.5 3.1 0.61 Dry Mill NG Wet DG 20.1% 20.6%

 - Integrated Biogas System (dry DGS) for GHGs include "Other Inputs" 0.9 1.2 0.23 Dry Mill Integ Biogas (Dry DG) 7.6% 7.8%

 - Integrated Biogas System (wet DGS) for GHGs include "Other Inputs" 0.6 0.7 0.14 Dry Mill Integ Biogas (Wet DG) 4.5% 4.6%

 - Plant with coal (dry and pelletize DDGS) 0.3 0.3 0.07 Dry Mill Coal (Dry DG) 2.2% 2.3%

 - Plant with coal (wet DGS) 0.16 0.20 0.04 Dry Mill Coal Wet DG 1.3% 1.3%

 - Plant with biomass (wood chips, etc.) (dry and pelletize DDGS) 1.45 1.81 0.36 Dry Mill Biomass (Dry DG) 11.8% 12.0%

 - Plant with biomass (wood chips, etc.) (wet DGS) 0.85 1.06 0.21 Dry Mill Biomass Wet DG 6.9% 7.1%

Corn Ethanol – Wet Mill - Plant with NG 0.0 0.02 0.02 Wet Mill NG 0.0% 0.1%

 - Plant with coal 1.4 1.4 0.00 Wet Mill Coal 11.2% 9.2%

 - Plant with biomass 0.0 0.0 0.00 Wet Mill Biomass 0.0% 0.0%

Cellulosic Ethanol – Enzymatic - Switchgrass feedstock & lignin used as fuel 0.00 1.47 1.47 Enzymatic - Switchgrass feedstock & lignin used as fuel 29.8%

 - Corn stover feedstock & lignin used as fuel 0.25 0.97 0.72 Enzymatic - Corn stover feedstock & lignin used as fuel 100.0% 19.6%

 - Forest waste feedstock & lignin used as fuel 0.00 0.03 0.03 Enzymatic - Forest waste feedstock & lignin used as fuel 0.5%

 - Farmed trees feedstock & lignin used as fuel 0.00 0.00 0.00 Enzymatic - Farmed trees feedstock & lignin used as fuel 0.0%

Cellulosic Ethanol – Thermochemical - Switchgrass feedstock 0.00 1.47 1.47 Thermochemical - Switchgrass feedstock 29.8%

 - Corn stover feedstock 0.00 0.97 0.97 Thermochemical - Corn stover feedstock 19.6%

 - Forest waste feedstock 0.00 0.03 0.03 Thermochemical - Forest waste feedstock 0.5%

 - Farmed trees feedstock 0.00 0.00 0.00 Thermochemical - Farmed trees feedstock 0.0%

Butanol - Corn Fermentation 0.0 Butanol - Corn Fermentation

Biodiesel - Virgin Vegetable Oil (e.g., soybean oil) 0.37 0.66 0.29 Biodiesel - Virgin Vegetable Oil 97.0% 39.4%

 - Fuel, Oil, Grease (FOG) 0.01 0.23 0.22 Biodiesel - from FOG (fat, oil, grease) 3.0% 13.7%

 - Fuel-Grade Corn Oil 0.00 0.68 0.68 Biodiesel - Fuel-Grade Corn Oil 0.0% 40.9%

 - Algae or Camelina 0.00 0.10 0.10 Biodiesel - Algae or Camelina 0.0% 6.0%

Renewable Diesel - CoPro 0.00 0.00 0.00 Renewable Diesel - CoPro 0.0% 0.0%

 - Non-CoPro 0.00 0.15 0.15 Renewable Diesel - Non-CoPro 0.0% 100.0%

Cellulosic Diesel - BTL (F-T diesel) 0.00 1.96 1.96 Cellulosic Diesel - BTL 0.0% 30.1%

 - Other 0.00 4.56 4.56 Cellulosic Diesel - Other 0.0% 69.9%

actual volumes (not EtOH equiv vols)

Corn Ethanol Total = 12.29 15.00 2.71 Corn Ethanol Percent Dry Mill (vs wet mill) 88.8% 90.7%

Cellulosic Ethanol Total = 0.25 4.92 4.67 Corn Ethanol Dry Mill: Percent Dry DGS (vs wet DGS) 63.0% 63.0%

Biodiesel Total = 0.38 1.67 1.29 chksum dry mill 88.8% 90.7%

Renewable Diesel Total = 0.00 0.15 0.15 chksum wet mill 11.2% 9.3%

Cellulosic Diesel Total = 0.00 6.52 6.52 chksum corn ethanol plants 100.0% 100.0%

Imported Ethanol = 0.64 2.24 1.59 Percent Thermochem (vs biochem) ethanol 50.0%

Vol % Naphtha vs FT-Diesel production 50.0% 50.0% 50.0%

Volume (Bgal) of Naphtha from FT-Diesel production ("renewable gasoline") 0.00 0.98 0.98

BTU-equivalent volume of petroleum gasoline displaced by FT naphtha 0.00 0.95 0.95

Vol % C3+ Alcohols vs Cellulosic Ethanol from thermochem mixed alcohol process 17.5% 17.5% 17.5%

Volume (Bgal) of C3+ Alcohols from thermochem mixed ethanol production 0.00 0.43 0.43

BTU-equivalent volume of petroleum gasoline displaced by C3+ alcohols 0.00 0.33 0.33

Total volume (bgal) gasoline displaced by renewable FT naphtha & C3+ alcohols 0.00 1.28 1.28

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: Inputs_Vol page 2 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
INPUTS for FASOM (top) and FAPRI (bottom) Ag non-combustion GHGs and all FAPRI values are 

Domestic Ag Sheet

Inputs (From FASOM) 2022 FRM

Calc 

Units Reference Case Policy Case Difference

Total N use Tons 13,104,322 13,854,952 750,629 5.73%

Total P2O5 use Tons 2,807,081 3,164,150 357,069 12.72%

Total K2O use Tons 3,284,598 3,946,755 662,157 20.16%

Total Lime Use Tons 10,194,017 10,454,321 260,304 2.55%

Herbicide Use Tons 198,940 198,191 -750 -0.38%

Pesticide Use (insecticide+fungicide) Tons 44,278 43,897 -381 -0.86%

Total Diesel Fuel use gal 2,823,300,539 2,875,587,943 52,287,404 1.85%

Total Gasoline use gal 335,987,995 342,603,106 6,615,111 1.97%

Total Electricity Use kWh 198,966,392 203,923,253 4,956,861 2.49%

Total Natural Gas Use Btu 6.478E+10 4.687E+10 -1.791E+10 -27.64%

Total Acres In Crop Production 000 Acres 306,279 314,385 8,107 2.65%

Livestock #

Dairy mmHead 6.73 6.69 -0.04 -0.65%

Beef (FedBeef+CowCalf) mmHead 61.3 61.2 -0.1 -0.23%

Poultry mmHead 7,531 7,458 -74 -0.98%

Swine mmHead 121.9 125.9 3.9 3.24%

Non-Combustion GHG Emissions Temporarily Use NPRM Values? 1.00

Carbon in cropped ag soil mTons -8,669

Carbon in pasture land mTons 5,530

Domestic Land Use Change mTons -3,140

0

Methane from Emission savings from improved manure mTons 2

Methane from Enteric Fermentation mTons -1,174

Methane from Manure Management mTons -709

Livestock Manure Practices under Managed Soil Cate mTons -110

Domestic Livestock Changes mTons -1,990

0

N Fert Application Practices under Managed Soil Ca mTons 1,934

Emissions from N fixing crops mTons -126

Emissions from Crop residue retentionmTons 153

Domestic Fertilizer Use mTons 1,960

0

Methane from Agricultural Residue Burning mTons 15

Agricultural Residue Burning mTons 4

Residue Burning mTons 18

0

Methane from Rice Cultivation mTons 162

Domestic Biofuel Feed Trans Tables

For Domestic Use 2022
Reference Case Policy Case Difference

Corn Used for Ethanol bu 4,572,304,000 5,572,704,000 1,000,400,000 21.88%

Soybeans / Oil Used for Fuel bu 42,124,523 531,494,125 489,369,602 1161.72%

DDGS Produced tons 34,076,700 39,253,450 5,176,750 15.19%

Cellulosic Feedstock etoh gal/ton

 - Farmed Trees tons 0 0 0 80.1

 - Switchgrass tons 0 97,729,400 97,729,400 92.3

 - Corn Stover, crop residue, sorghumtons 11,265,640 75,604,600 64,338,960 92.3

 - Forest Residue tons 0 1,672,200 1,672,200 80.1

B&CTL Feedstock 0.596855

 - Farmed Trees tons 0 0.392932

 - Switchgrass tons 0 0.010212

 - Corn Stover tons 0

 - Forest Residue tons 0

International Ag Diff Sheet

2022

Reference Case Policy Case Difference

Total N use Tons 122,584

Total P2O5 use Tons 102,602

Total K2O use Tons 141,192

Herbicide Use Tons 477

Pesticide Use Tons 602

GHG emissions from energy use MT 1,183,006

N2O from fertilizer and crops MT 3,093

Methane from Rice Cultivation MT 31,955

Brazilian Sugarcane Production Bgal 2

Land Use Change MT 793,383,508

Livestock Change

Canada

Dairy 000 Head -2.8

Beef 000 Head 60.3

Swine 000 Head -167.7

Sheep 000 Head 0.0

Poultry 000 Head 505.6

Western Europe

Dairy 000 Head -1.5

Beef 000 Head -3.2

Swine 000 Head -60.9

Sheep 000 Head 0.0

Poultry 000 Head 1,596.4
Eastern Europe

Dairy 000 Head 0.2

Beef 000 Head 17.1

Swine 000 Head -44.0

Sheep 000 Head 0.0

Poultry 000 Head 2,024.0

Ocenia

Dairy 000 Head 4.1

Beef 000 Head 178.9

Swine 000 Head -9.5

Sheep 000 Head -23.7

Poultry 000 Head 120.3

Latin America

Dairy 000 Head -121.0

Beef 000 Head -531.6

Swine 000 Head 51.0

Sheep 000 Head 0.0

Poultry 000 Head -8,030.3

Asia

Dairy 000 Head -29.3

Beef 000 Head -378.5

Swine 000 Head -159.6

Sheep 000 Head -508.8

Poultry 000 Head -399.7

Africa and Middle East

Dairy 000 Head -249.8

Beef 000 Head -27.0

Swine 000 Head 0.0

Sheep 000 Head 0.0

Poultry 000 Head -452.0

India

Dairy 000 Head -0.1

Beef 000 Head 6.2

Swine 000 Head 0.0

Sheep 000 Head 0.0

Poultry 000 Head -1,403.0

Emission Factors

Enteric Fermentation (kg CH4/head - year) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep

North America 121 53 1.5 8

Western Europe 109 57 1.5 8

Eastern Europe 89 58 1.5 8

Oceania 81 60 1 5

Latin America 63 56 1 5

Asia 61 47 1 5
Africa and Middle East 40 31 1 5

Indian Subcontinent 51 27 1 5

Manure Management (kg CH4/head - year) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep

North America 78 2 23.5 0.28

Western Europe 51 15 15.5 0.28

Eastern Europe 27 13 6.5 0.28

Oceania 29 2 18 0.15

Latin America 1 1 1 0.15

Asia 18 1 4 0.15

Africa and Middle East 1.5 1 2 0.15

Indian Subcontinent 5 2 4 0.15

TAM (kg / head) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep

North America 604 389 122 48.5

Western Europe 600 420 124 48.5

Eastern Europe 550 391 115 48.5

Oceania 500 330 112.5 28

Latin America 400 305 28 28

Asia 350 319 28 28

Africa and Middle East 275 173 28 28

Indian Subcontinent 275 110 28 28

N Rate (kg N / (1000 kg animal mass) - day) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep

North America 0.44 0.31 0.5 0.42

Western Europe 0.48 0.33 0.68 0.85

Eastern Europe 0.35 0.35 0.74 0.9

Oceania 0.44 0.5 0.73 1.13

Latin America 0.48 0.36 1.64 1.17

Asia 0.47 0.34 0.5 1.17

Africa and Middle East 0.65 0.71 1.64 1.17

Indian Subcontinent 0.47 0.34 0.5 1.17

Nex (kg N / animal - year) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep

North America 97.0024 44.01535 22.265 7.43505

Western Europe 105.12 50.589 30.7768 15.04713

Eastern Europe 70.2625 49.95025 31.0615 15.93225

Oceania 80.3 60.225 29.975625 11.5486

Latin America 70.08 40.077 16.7608 11.9574

Asia 60.0425 39.5879 5.11 11.9574

Africa and Middle East 65.24375 44.83295 16.7608 11.9574

Indian Subcontinent 47.17625 13.651 5.11 11.9574

MS% Dairy Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot Pasture/Range/Paddock

North America 15.0% 27.0% 26.3% 0.0% 10.8%

Western Europe 0.0% 35.7% 36.8% 0.0% 20.0%

Eastern Europe 0.0% 17.5% 60.0% 0.0% 18.0%

Oceania 16.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 76.0%

Latin America 0.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.0% 36.0%

Asia 4.0% 38.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0%

Africa and Middle East 0.0% 0.5% 1.5% 0.0% 81.5%

Indian Subcontinent 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 27.0%
EF3 0 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.02

EF4 0.0035 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.0007

MS% Cattle Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot Pasture/Range/Paddock

North America 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 18.4% 81.5%

Western Europe 0.0% 25.2% 39.0% 0.0% 32.0%

Eastern Europe 0.0% 22.5% 44.0% 0.0% 20.0%

Oceania 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.0% 91.0%

Latin America 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 99.0%

Asia 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 46.0% 50.0%

Africa and Middle East 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 87.0%

Indian Subcontinent 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 4.0% 22.0%

EF3 0 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.02

EF4 0.0035 0.004 0.0045 0.003 0.0007

MS% Swine Lagoon Liquid/Slurry Solid Storage Drylot Pit <1 month

North America 32.8% 18.5% 4.2% 4.0% 0.0%

Western Europe 8.7% 0.0% 13.7% 0.0% 2.8%

Eastern Europe 3.0% 0.0% 42.0% 0.0% 24.7%

Oceania 54.0% 0.0% 3.0% 15.0% 0.0%

Latin America 0.0% 8.0% 10.0% 41.0% 0.0%

Asia 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 54.0% 0.0%

Africa and Middle East 0.0% 10.0% 3.0% 78.0% 0.5%

Indian Subcontinent 9.0% 22.0% 16.0% 30.0% 3.0%

EF3 0 0.005 0.005 0.02 0.002

EF4 0.004 0.0048 0.0045 0 0.0025

Weighted EF3 (kg N2O-n / kg N) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep

North America 0.008765 0.01999 0.002747 0.01

Western Europe 0.009075 0.01017 0.002837 0.01

Eastern Europe 0.008175 0.008675 0.003658 0.01

Oceania 0.01685 0.02 0.00595 0.01

Latin America 0.0197 0.0199 0.0135 0.01

Asia 0.0124 0.0198 0.0128 0.01

Africa and Middle East 0.01845 0.019 0.01643 0.01

Indian Subcontinent 0.01435 0.01455 0.01006 0.01

Weighted EF4 (kg N2O-n / kg N) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep

North America 0.0025984 0.0011305 0.003404 0.00185

Western Europe 0.002721 0.0029996 0.0027795 0.00185

Eastern Europe 0.0026435 0.00302 0.003245 0.00185

Oceania 0.001188 0.000907 0.002295 0.00185

Latin America 0.000756 0.000693 0.000834 0.00185

Asia 0.002003 0.001744 0.00192 0.00185

Africa and Middle East 0.00066 0.0006495 0.00084 0.00185

Indian Subcontinent 0.000362 0.000454 0.002211 0.00185

EF5 (kg N2O-n / kg N) Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep

North America 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075
Western Europe 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075

Eastern Europe 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075

Oceania 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075

Latin America 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075

Asia 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075

Africa and Middle East 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075

Indian Subcontinent 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075 0.00075
nd all FAPRI values are still from NPRM.

2022 NPRM

Reference 

Case Policy Case Difference

13,334,233 13,656,663 322,430 2.42%

2,957,196 3,169,185 211,988 7.17%

3,442,233 4,099,299 657,066 19.09%

11,255 11,017 -239 -2.12%

-0.46% 221,583 210,343 -11,240 -5.07% -4.56%

41,949 41,168 -781 -1.86%

2,754,136,959 2,747,445,994 -6,690,964 -0.24%

357,745,577 360,839,070 3,093,493 0.86%

200,839,104 204,268,096 3,428,992 1.71%

7.474E+13 6.537E+13 -9.377E+12 -12.55%

293,099 295,426 2,327 0.79%

-0.90% 7.88 7.83 -0.05 -0.60% -0.99%

-0.27% 76.2 75.2 -1.1 -1.40% -1.32%

9,299 9,209 -90 -0.97%

118.8 116.2 -2.6 -2.15%

-8,669

5,530

-3,140

2

-1,174

-709

-110

-1,990

1,934

-126

153

1,960

15

4

18

162

2022
Reference 

Case Policy Case Difference

4,569,029,300 5,571,410,700 1,002,381,400 21.94%

50,030,105 412,455,270 362,425,165 724.41%

18,039,150 22,355,700 4,316,550 23.93%

FTD gal/ton Was in NPRM from FASOM Back-Calc'd from fuel vols & gal/ton yields

43.3 ref pol diff 0 0 0

0 15,761,600 15,761,600 0 31,815,032 31,815,032

3,969,100 111,745,500 107,776,400 2,707,248 20,945,039 18,237,791

43.3 0 69,000,000 69,000,000 0 151,150,311 151,150,311

14,958,909,628

133,943,220

Poultry

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

Poultry

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

Poultry

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

Poultry

0.36135

0.36135

0.36135

0.36135

0.36135

0.36135

0.36135

0.36135

Daily Spread Digester Burned for Fuel Other

18.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6%

7.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%

2.5% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0%

8.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

62.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

29.0% 2.0% 7.0% 0.0%

3.5% 0.0% 11.5% 2.0%

19.0% 1.0% 51.0% 0.0%
0.02 0 0.01 0.01

0.0007 0 0 0

Daily Spread Digester Burned for Fuel Other

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.5%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0%

2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0%

1.5% 0.0% 10.0% 1.0%

20.0% 1.0% 53.0% 0.0%

0.02 0 0.01 0.01

0.0007 0 0 0

Pit .1 month Daily Spread Digester Other

40.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

69.8% 2.0% 0.0% 3.0%

24.7% 0.0% 0.0% 5.7%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28.0%

0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 40.0%

0.0% 0.0% 7.0% 0.0%

8.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0% 9.0% 8.0% 3.0%

0.002 0.02 0 0.01

0.0025 0 0 0

Poultry

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

Poultry

0.00475

0.00475

0.00475

0.00475

0.00475

0.00475

0.00475

0.00475

Poultry

0.00075
0.00075

0.00075

0.00075

0.00075

0.00075

0.00075

0.00075

& gal/ton yields
2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Current Scenario: Ref: 2) AEO ref & Ctl: 2) Mid-ETOH (Primary)

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

Domestic Totals 19,737 -0.44 933 37 -236 35,865 187 -5.92 130,172 164,170 63,892 14,707 5,044 48,711 -309,877 22,444 705,493,584

Fuel Only 19,737 -0.44 933 37 -236 35,865 187 -5.92 130,172 164,170 63,892 14,707 5,044 48,711 -309,877 22,444 705,493,584

Ag 2,398 1.99 14 -3 -146 0 48 0.73 11,831 6,597 56,512 9,169 22,157 48,709 -144,393 5,851 728,587,924

Biofuel Feedstock Transport 355 0.22 10 1 4 0 28 0.31 508 1,440 239 106 584 0 2,501 56 2,215,177

Bio/Alt fuel Production 18,867 0 907 39 29 6,435 155 0 129,586 193,040 22,621 11,241 8,932 2 21,827 16,962 1,721,152

Biofuel Transport & Distribution 18,041 1.18 11 1 -31 29,430 26 0.57 3,316 7,599 323 219 962 0 2,109 44 1,844,084

displace gas due to fuel -19,925 -4 -9 -1 -92 0 -70 -8 -15,069 -44,506 -15,803 -6,028 -27,591 0 -191,921 -469 -28,874,752

Ag Sector Impacts For All BioFuels 793,383,508

Domestic 2,398 2 14 -3 -146 0 48 0.73 11,831 6,597 56,512 9,169 22,157 48,709 -82,857 7,457 197,158

International 0 0 0 817 408 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 3 0 467 -61,537 -1,606 793,383,660

Impacts Allocated to BioFuels

Ethanol (domestic corn - other)

BTUs 197,826 11.8%

Fuel Only 10,301 0 335 141 30 10,870 68 -0.62 4,013 3,128 12,175 1,991 3,403 8,420 -35,094 1,244 109,148,721

Domestic Ag Sector Emissions 411 0 2 -1 -25 0 8 0.13 2,028 1,131 9,685 1,571 3,797 8,348 -14,200 1,278 33,789

International Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 127 63 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 72 -9,546 -249 123,073,549

Ag CO2 re-uptake only -14,886,519

Biofuel Feedstock Transport 94 0 3 0 1 0 7 0.08 134 383 58 26 141 0 601 14 532,784

Biofuel Production 6,988 0 329 14 11 2,332 57 0.00 3,208 5,900 4,256 1,076 2,599 0 10,439 250 3,563,084

Biofuel Transport & Distribution 5,161 0 1 0 -9 8,538 3 0.07 423 970 42 28 125 0 277 6 242,086

displace gas due to fuel -2,353 0 -1 0 -11 0 -8 -1 -1,780 -5,256 -1,866 -712 -3,258 0 -22,665 -55 -3,410,052

Ethanol (domestic corn - coal)

BTUs 8,209 0.5%

Fuel Only 439 0 14 6 1 451 3 -0.03 317 320 1,330 351 427 349 -1,482 45 4,740,313

Domestic Ag Sector Emissions 17 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0.01 84 47 402 65 158 346 -589 53 1,402

International Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 5 3 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 3 -396 -10 5,106,825

Ag CO2 re-uptake only -617,703

Biofuel Feedstock Transport 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 6 16 2 1 6 0 25 1 22,107

Biofuel Production 301 0 14 1 0 97 2 0.00 283 435 1,002 313 393 0 407 3 359,133

Biofuel Transport & Distribution 214 0 0 0 0 354 0 0.00 18 40 2 1 5 0 11 0 10,045

displace gas due to fuel -98 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -74 -218 -77 -30 -135 0 -940 -2 -141,497

Ethanol (domestic cellulosic)

BTUs 354,929 21.2%

Fuel Only 10,121 0 245 237 39 17,024 47 -1.22 29,888 32,440 13,168 2,350 -8,377 15,107 -88,477 5,608 183,264,565

Domestic Ag Sector Emissions 737 1 4 -1 -45 0 15 0.22 3,638 2,028 17,376 2,819 6,813 14,977 -25,477 2,293 60,622

International Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 227 114 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 1 0 130 -17,127 -447 220,811,770

Ag CO2 re-uptake only -26,708,572

Biofuel Feedstock Transport 19 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 27 77 14 6 34 0 144 3 127,450

Biofuel Production 4,326 0 240 10 7 1,707 40 0.00 28,657 38,025 -949 750 -9,601 0 -5,849 3,848 -5,342,917

Biofuel Transport & Distribution 9,259 0 3 0 -17 15,318 6 0.13 759 1,740 75 51 224 0 497 10 434,338

displace gas due to fuel -4,222 -1 -2 0 -19 0 -15 -2 -3,193 -9,430 -3,349 -1,277 -5,846 0 -40,665 -99 -6,118,127

Ethanol (imported, from sugar cane)

BTUs 120,962 7.2%

Fuel Only 1,717 0 0 78 26 5,220 -3 -0.50 -830 -2,621 -1,116 -418 -1,916 44 -14,948 381 64,540,410

Domestic Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 78 39 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 44 -5,837 -152 75,253,721

Ag CO2 re-uptake only -9,102,411

Biofuel Production & Transport (GHG only) 4,579 564 326,162

Domestic Biofuel Distribution 3,156 0 1 0 -6 5,220 2 0.05 259 593 26 17 76 0 169 4 148,024

displace gas due to fuel -1,439 0 -1 0 -7 0 -5 -1 -1,088 -3,214 -1,141 -435 -1,992 0 -13,859 -34 -2,085,087

Biodiesel

BTUs 167,640 10.0%

Fuel Only -1,049 0 2 63 10 0 1 -0.66 913 -290 4,268 632 1,580 4,171 -23,248 513 48,436,440

Domestic Ag Sector Emissions 204 0 1 0 -12 0 4 0.06 1,005 560 4,798 778 1,881 4,136 -7,035 633 16,739

International Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 63 31 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 36 -4,729 -123 60,971,652

Ag CO2 re-uptake only -12,332,057

Biofuel Feed Transp (includes renewable dsl feed transport) 44 0 1 0 0 0 3 0.04 63 181 27 12 64 0 276 7 244,505

Biofuel Production 697 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 1,354 3,424 1,024 444 2,396 0 7,446 44 2,425,310

Biofuel Transport (no Distribution) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

displace gas due to fuel -1,994 0 -1 0 -9 0 -7 -1 -1,508 -4,454 -1,582 -603 -2,761 0 -19,207 -47 -2,889,708

Renewable Diesel

BTUs 19,500 1.2%

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: Results Diff page 17 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
Fuel Only -190 0 0 0 -1 0 1 -0.06 23 -26 -102 -27 -169 0 -1,789 -2 -1,417,143

Domestic Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ag CO2 re-uptake only -1,345,633

Biofuel Feed Transp (included above in Biodiesel feed transp)

Biofuel Production 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 50 151 66 33 108 0 333 1 165,983

Biofuel Transport & Distribution 23 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.03 148 341 16 10 44 0 113 2 98,640

displace gas due to fuel -232 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 -175 -518 -184 -70 -321 0 -2,234 -5 -336,133

Cellulosic Diesel

BTUs 806,037 48.1%

Fuel Only -1,602 0 337 331 66 2,299 71 -2.84 95,847 131,218 34,169 9,831 10,096 21,085 -144,838 14,656 235,278,650

Domestic Ag Sector Emissions 1,029 1 6 -1 -63 0 21 0.31 5,077 2,831 24,251 3,935 9,508 20,902 -35,556 3,200 84,605

International Ag Sector Emissions 0 0 0 317 158 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 1 0 181 -23,902 -624 308,166,144

Ag CO2 re-uptake only -61,501,628

Biofuel Feedstock Transport 194 0 6 1 2 0 15 0 278 783 137 61 339 0 1,454 31 1,288,330

Biofuel Production 6,534 0 324 14 11 2,299 56 0 96,034 145,107 17,223 8,624 13,037 2 4,472 12,252 224,398

Biofuel Transport & Distribution 228 1 6 1 1 0 13 0 1,710 3,914 163 112 488 0 1,043 22 910,950

displace gas due to fuel -9,588 -2 -4 -1 -44 0 -33 -4 -7,251 -21,416 -7,604 -2,901 -13,277 0 -92,350 -226 -13,894,149

Sum of Biofuel BTUs 1,675,103 100.0%

Domestic Ag Sector

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

On-Farm Combustion Emissions 515.553 1.961 13.448 0.804 14.288 0.000 29.561 0.737 9118.841 2433.326 163.892 158.669 16.130 5.896 -0.399 7.040 592232

Fuel Production Upstream Emissions 79.903 0.031 0.042 0.007 0.594 0.000 0.354 0.049 118.580 402.837 91.961 36.010 206.137 0.000 842.181 2.017 123133

Farm Chemical Production / Transport Upstream Emissions 2417.387 -0.001 0.016 0.008 -0.004 0.000 17.977 -0.055 2593.700 3760.479 1222.604 712.019 21934.645 0.000 3322.104 1125.462 2603230

On-Farm Non-Combustion Non-GHG Emissions -614.428 0.000 0.000 -4.055 -160.673 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 55033.642 8262.041 0.000 48703.327 0.000 0.000 0

Land Use Change GHG Emissions 0.000 0.000 -3139559

Livestock Changes GHG Emissions -94752.643 0.000 0

Rice Production GHG Emissions 7732.210 0.000 0

On-Farm Non-Combustion GHG Emissions 0.000 6322.726 18122

Carbon Uptake from Biofuel Feedstock Crops -55890484

Total 2398.416 1.991 13.506 -3.236 -145.795 0.000 47.892 0.732 11831.120 6596.641 56512.099 9168.739 22156.913 48709.223 -82856.547 7457.245 -55693326

Domestic Biofuel Feedstock Transport

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

Corn Used for Ethanol 8.58E+01 5.23E-02 2.47E+00 3.00E-01 9.00E-01 0.00E+00 6.71E+00 6.78E-02 1.21E+02 3.49E+02 5.26E+01 2.38E+01 1.25E+02 0.00E+00 5.34E+02 1.27E+01 472771

Soybeans / Oil Used for Fuel 4.44E+01 2.71E-02 1.28E+00 1.55E-01 4.66E-01 0.00E+00 3.47E+00 3.51E-02 6.28E+01 1.81E+02 2.72E+01 1.23E+01 6.44E+01 0.00E+00 2.76E+02 6.54E+00 244505

DDGS Produced 1.23E+01 7.52E-03 3.55E-01 4.32E-02 1.30E-01 0.00E+00 9.65E-01 1.07E-02 1.82E+01 5.08E+01 8.29E+00 3.54E+00 2.20E+01 0.00E+00 9.24E+01 2.12E+00 82121

Cellulosic Feedstock 2.13E+02 1.30E-01 6.14E+00 7.46E-01 2.24E+00 0.00E+00 1.67E+01 1.95E-01 3.05E+02 8.60E+02 1.51E+02 6.66E+01 3.73E+02 0.00E+00 1.60E+03 3.46E+01 1415780

B&CTL Feedstock 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0

Total 355.484 0.217 10.238 1.244 3.733 0.000 27.799 0.308 507.581 1440.319 239.233 106.200 584.053 0.000 2500.687 55.926 2215177

Domestic Biofuel Production

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

Corn Ethanol Production 7,289 0.000743683 342.7273686 14.87615 11.40786 2428.94128 59.26360213 0 3,492 6,335 5,258 1,390 2,992 0 10,846 254 3,922,216

Cellulosic Ethanol Production - Enzymatic & Thermochem 4,326 -0.002566278 239.8365859 10.07146 6.579862 1706.690336 39.57959672 0.002610756 28,657 38,025 -949 750 -9,601 0 -5,849 3,848 -5,342,917

Biobutanol (not used) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biodiesel Production 697 0.000406949 0.085362019 0.034446 0.123863 0 0.192064876 3.54363E-05 1,354 3,424 1,024 444 2,396 1.23E-06 7,446 44 2,425,310

Renewable Diesel Production 20 3.91425E-07 7.98616E-05 3.12E-05 0.000119 0 0.000170835 0 50 151 66 33 108 0 333 1 165,983

Cellulosic Diesel Production 6,534 0.008582895 324.2790335 14.02867 10.74957 2299.101263 55.89952932 0.01277899 96,034 145,107 17,223 8,624 13,037 1.592387 4,472 12,252 224,398

Total 18,867 0.01 906.93 39.01 28.86 6,434.73 154.93 0.02 129,586 193,040 22,621 11,241 8,932 1.592 17,248 16,398 1,394,990

Domestic Non-Petro Fuel Transport (plant to bulk terminal, including ethanol loading/unloading vapor)

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

Ethanol 21838 0.52 4.94 0.65 1.07 21635 11.56 0.25 1,458 3,344 144 97 430 0 954 20 834,494

Biodiesel 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Renewable Diesel 23 0.05 0.55 0.07 0.13 0 1.32 0.03 148 341 16 10 44 113 2 98,640

Cellulosic Diesel 228 0.61 5.52 0.73 1.15 0 12.79 0.29 1,710 3,914 163 112 488 1,043 22 910,950

Total 22,089 1.18 11.01 1.46 2.35 21,634.85 25.67 0.57 3,316 7,599 323 219 962 0 2,109 44 1,844,084

U.S. Fuel Use

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

International Crude Production & Transport -5466.6928 -3.019149319 -0.391371208 -0.167731 -56.3015 0 -8.945627612 -3.08902948 -11015.88905 -44446.01545 -3322.717798 -1622.51617 -16246.93299 0 -121,831 -125 -7,053,641

Domestic Crude Production & Transport -1765.4972 -0.975050171 -0.126395392 -0.054169 -18.1829 0 -2.889037542 -0.868974 -2855.570246 -8675.623764 -934.7127918 -375.171972 -2284.041845 0 -47,987 -34 -1,809,768

Domestic Refinery Upstream -1010.3655 -0.230008577 -0.029815927 -0.012778 -4.28923 0 -0.681506896 -2.31499949 -1489.059942 -5374.635621 -9335.587939 -2402.41247 -7194.250768 0 -18,344 -33 -2,245,781

International Refinery Upstream -112.867 -0.062 -0.008 -0.003 -1.162 0.000 -0.185 -0.976 -174.121 -624.185 -1049.894 -270.457 -824.750 0.000 -2,134 -4 -261,305

Domestic Refinery On-Site -4452.128 -2.485 -0.322 -0.138 -46.335 0.000 -7.362 -4.352 -9322.698 -23837.299 -5175.007 -2990.153 -16541.802 0.000 -438 -226 -14,948,975

International Refinery On-Site -480.022 -0.265 -0.034 -0.015 -4.944 0.000 -0.786 -0.538 -1049.467 -2708.319 -578.294 -335.427 -1814.978 0.000 -51 -26 -1,737,350

Domestic Fuel Transport (refinery to bulk terminal) -12696.707 -0.151 -8.240 -1.067 -22.997 0.000 -58.571 -0.015 -1402.125 -6618.905 -358.078 -260.283 -1571.256 0.000 -1,135 -20 -817,933

Total -19924.698 -3.841 -8.718 -1.272 -91.804 0.000 -69.503 -7.551 -15069.453 -44506.464 -15803.385 -6028.020 -27591.350 0.000 -191,921 -469 -28,874,752

Domestic Fuel Distribution, Fuel Pgm (bulk terminal to station, gasoline & ethanol evap)

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: Results Diff page 18 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

E0 -22,705 0 0 0 -41.02 0.00 0 0

E10 -12,140 0 0 0 -19.24 -689.41 0 0

E85 30,797 0 0 0 27.08 8484.46 0 0

Total -4,048 0.000 0.000 0.000 -33.19 7795.05 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

Int'l Ag Sector

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethyl Benzene Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

Farm Chemical Production / Transport Upstream Emissions 0.000 0.000 0.000 817.297 407.827 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.000 3.028 0.161 466.667 783 248 153

Farm Energy Use GHG Emissions 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0

Rice Production GHG Emissions 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1,522 0 0

On-Farm Non-Combustion GHG Emissions 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 10 0

Land Use Change 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 793,383,508

Livestock Changes - Canada 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -1,425 47 0

Livestock Changes - Western Europe 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -1,475 -20 0

Livestock Changes - Eastern Europe 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 923 8 0

Livestock Changes - Oceania 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 11,239 367 0

Livestock Changes - Latin America 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -38,104 -1,007 0

Livestock Changes - Asia 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -23,908 -709 0

Livestock Changes - Africa and Middle East 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -11,239 -549 0

Livestock Changes - Indian Subcontinent 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 147 -3 0

International Biofuel Carbon Uptake 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 -9,102,411

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 817.297 407.827 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.000 3.028 0.161 466.667 -61,537 -1,606 784,281,250

Int'l Biofuel Production & Transport

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

Imported Sugarcane Ethanol 7636.80223 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12529.18607 18961.60989 14308.60396 6720.440586 4693.05619 0 4,579 564 326,162

Total 7636.802 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 12529.186 18961.610 14308.604 6720.441 4693.056 0.000 4,579 564 326,162

Fuel Production

Other (fuel and feedstock transport)

Domestic Farm Inputs and Fert N2O

Domestic Soil Carbon

Domestic Livestock

Domestic Rice Methane

International Farm Input GHG

International Livestock

International Rice Methane

Offsets

petroleum offset (upstream)

Tailpipe CH4 and N2O reduction

Tailpipe CO2 reduction

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: Results Diff page 19 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
Fuel Heating Value Density C ratio CO2 S ratio

LHV (% by wt) (ppm by wt)

Liquid Fuels: Btu/gal grams/gal g/mmBtu

Crude oil 129,670 3205 0.853 76532.197 16000

Conventional gasoline 115,000 2819 0.863 76791.766 25.5

Reformulated or low-sulfur gasoline 115,000 2829.577335 0.840463 75066.95 25.5

CA reformulated gasoline 115,000 2828.193184 0.843402 75292.659 11

U.S. conventional diesel 130,000 3167 0.865 76494.013 200

CA conventional diesel 120

Diesel for non-road engines 130,000 3167 0.865 76494.013 163

Low-sulfur diesel 130,000 3206 0.871 77973.126 11

Petroleum naphtha 116,920 2745 0.85 72440.109 1

NG-based FT naphtha 111,520 2651 0.842 72656.702 0

Residual oil 140,353 3752 0.868 84230.418 5000

Bunker fuel for ocean tanker 140,353 3752 0.868 84230.418 28000

Methanol 57,250 3006 0.375 71474.541 0

Ethanol 76,000 2988 0.522 74497.917 0.749999881

E-Diesel Additives 116,090 2819 0.863 76070.748 25.5

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 84,950 1923 0.82 67380.833 0

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) 74,720 1621 0.75 59062.801 0

Dimethyl ether (DME) 68,930 2518 0.522 69218.881 0

Dimethoxy methane (DMM) 72,200 3255 0.474 77570.888 0

Methyl ester (biodiesel, BD) 118,000 3361 0.776 80233.336 0

Fischer-Tropsch diesel (FTD) 123,670 3017 0.853 75538.195 0

Liquid hydrogen 30,500 268 0 0 0

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) 93,540 2811 0.681 74287.752 0

Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) 96,720 2810 0.706 74456.284 0

Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) 100,480 2913 0.706 74297.155 0

Butane 94,970 2213 0.828 70037.71 0

Isobutane 90,060 2118 0.828 70685.604 0

Isobutylene 95,720 2253 0.857 73222.735 0

Propane 84,250 1920 0.818 67669.232 0

Natural gas liquids 83,686 0

Still gas (in refineries) 128,590 0

Gaseous Fuels (at 32F and 1atm):Btu/ft3 gms/ft3

Natural gas 983 22 0.724 58818.555 6

Gaseous hydrogen 290 2.55 0 0

Still gas (in refineries) 1,458 32.8

Solid Fuels: Btu/ton

Coal 19,546,300 0.637 107318.59 11100

Bituminous coal 22,460,600 0.755 110694.41 11800

Coking coal 24,600,497 0.747 99994.66 11800

Farmed trees 16,120,000 0.517 0

Herbaceous biomass 14,797,555 0.426 0

Corn stover 14,075,990 0.445 0

Forest residue 13,243,490 0.517 0
Table D-6. Fertilizer Emission Factors

Fertilizer Type SCC Emission Factor

(lbs NH3/Ton Nitrogen)

Anhydrous Ammonia 2801700001 24 0.707

Aqua Ammonia 2801700002 24

Nitrogen Solutions 2801700003 61

Urea 2801700004 364 0.211

Ammonium Nitrate 2801700005 49 0.082

Ammonium Sulfate 2801700006 194

Ammonium Thiosulfate 2801700007 64

Other Straight Nitrogen 2801700008 61

Ammonium Phospates 280170009 97

N-P-K 28017000010 97

Source: Asman, William, A.H., Ammonia Emissions in Europe: Updated Emission and Emission Variations,

National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Biltoven, The Netherlands, May 1992.

kWh/mmBtu

Electricity 293.07107

E10 111,100

E85 86,140

Liquid Fuels: Btu/gal grams/gal

Butanol 99,837 3065 0.6486

Renewable Diesel 117,059 2835 0.863

C3+ Alcohols mixture 88,657 3014

Global Warming Potential (GWP) Methane N2O CO2

21.0 310.0 1.0

Toxic Fractions of exhaust VOC

Mode Source 1,3-Butadiene AcetaldehydeAcrolein Benzene

Rail

Diesel 

Locomotive 0.003246519 0.018786 0.0031238 0.002587511

Barge

Marine Diesel -- 

Distillate 0.00061 0.074298 0.0035 0.020344

Ocean Tanker Residual Boiler 0 0.003858 0 0.000165354

Truck HDD Trucks 0.00061 0.0288 0.0035 0.0105

Pipeline

Natural Gas 

Turbines 0 0.019048 0.0030476 0.005714286

Gasoline Farm Equip HDGV

Toxic Fractions of Fuel Production VOC

1,3-Butadiene AcetaldehydeAcrolein Benzene
Biodiesel

0 5.63E-06 4.84E-06 7.38E-07

Ethanol0 0.04979 0.00215 0.00163






Fuel Production Emissions / Energy Use (Well-to-Tank): Emiss

S ratio SOx

Actual ratio by wt Conventional Gasoline (E0)

g/mmBtu

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0.016 790.930824 1990

0.0000255 1.25016522 1995

0.0000255 1.25485604 2000

0.000011 0.54104565 2005

0.0002 9.74461538 2010

0.00012 2015

0.000163 7.94186154 2017

0.000011 0.54255385 2020

0.000001 0.04695518 2022 22.139 0.004

0 0 2025

0.005 267.326867 2030

0.028 1497.03045

0 0 Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock (E0)

7.5E-07 0.05897367

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0.0000255 1.23842708 1990

0 1995

0 2000

0 2005

0 2010

0 2015

0 2017

0 2020

0 2022 22.193 0.004

0 2025

0 2030

0

0 CA Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock (E0)

0

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0 1990

0 1995

0 2000

2005

0.000006 0.26856562 2010

0 2015

2017 16.834 0.004

2020

0.0111 1030.34313 2022 16.834 0.004

0.0118 953.200182 2025

0.0118 870.285177 2030 16.834 0.004

0

0 Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel

0

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0 1990
1995

2000

2005 8.047 0.004

2010

g NH3/ton N 2015

44357.544 2017

2020

2022 8.181 0.004

2025

2030

Natural Gas (For Stationary Combustion)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010 5.759

2015

2017 5.759

2020

2022 5.759

2025

2030 5.759

LPG (60% NG, 40% Petroleum)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010 10.103

2015

2017 10.103

PM10 frac 2020

Ethanol FormaldehydeNaphthalene 2022 10.103

0.04328653 0.0018716 2025

0.1496 0.0018716 2030 10.103

0.02645669 0.0025885

0.0782 0.00128892 Coal (For Stationary Combustion)

0.33809524

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

0.088005387 1990

1995

2000

2005

Ethanol FormaldehydeNaphthalene 2010 7.658
0 3.491E-05 6.31E-07 2015

0.35300 0.00857 2017 7.658

2020

2022 7.658

2025

2030 7.658

Biomass (For Stationary Combustion)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030

Gaseous Hydrogen (from Natural Gas)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010 11.884

2015

2017 11.884

2020

2022 11.884

2025

2030 11.884

2005 Baseline Gasoline

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

2005 19.795 0.004

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030






ons / Energy Use (Well-to-Tank): Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Fuel 

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

0.005 0.001 0.101 0.000 0.044 0.010 14.686 49.915 11.158

soline Blendstock (E0)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

0.005 0.001 0.101 0.000 0.045 0.002 14.752 50.102 11.441

Gasoline Blendstock (E0)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

0.007 0.001 0.086 0.000 0.058 0.002 12.793 36.961 8.712

0.007 0.001 0.086 0.000 0.058 0.002 12.793 36.961 8.712

0.007 0.001 0.086 0.000 0.058 0.002 12.793 36.961 8.712

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10
0.006 0.001 0.067 0.000 0.051 0.005 13.928 48.166 10.275

0.005 0.001 0.068 0.000 0.042 0.005 14.096 47.890 10.375

Stationary Combustion)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

7.859 22.431 0.861

7.859 22.431 0.861

7.859 22.431 0.861

7.859 22.431 0.861

% Petroleum)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

10.796 35.410 3.253

10.796 35.410 3.253

10.796 35.410 3.253

10.796 35.410 3.253

ary Combustion)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

2.617 14.518 169.665
2.617 14.518 169.665

2.617 14.518 169.665

2.617 14.518 169.665

tionary Combustion)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

en (from Natural Gas)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

30.095 91.569 39.999

30.095 91.569 39.999

30.095 91.569 39.999

30.095 91.569 39.999

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

0.005 0.001 0.113 0.000 0.046 0.007 14.317 48.511 10.797






PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

4.451 24.908 0.000 112.952 0.282 17,371 19,830 41,538 96,249

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

4.548 25.199 0.000 113.567 0.291 17,922 20,397 42,639 92,216

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

3.105 21.582 0.000 104.004 0.254 15,895 18,158 40,806 77,134

3.105 21.582 0.000 104.004 0.254 15,895 18,158 40,806 77,134

3.105 21.582 0.000 104.004 0.254 15,895 18,158 40,806 77,134

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy
4.113 23.704 0.000 106.208 0.248 15,074 17,381 38,005 78,504

4.141 23.866 0.000 111.101 0.257 15,686 18,099 38,569 84,988

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

0.511 11.552 196.358 0.086 5,242 9,392 2,401 64,780

0.511 11.552 0.000 196.358 0.086 5,242 9,392 2,401 64,780

0.511 11.552 0.000 196.358 0.086 5,242 9,392 2,401 64,780

0.511 11.552 0.000 196.358 0.086 5,242 9,392 2,401 64,780

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

1.480 20.643 114.820 0.157 8,938 11,398 11,073 74,494

1.480 20.643 0.000 114.820 0.157 8,938 11,398 11,073 74,494

1.480 20.643 0.000 114.820 0.157 8,938 11,398 11,073 74,494

1.480 20.643 0.000 114.820 0.157 8,938 11,398 11,073 74,494

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

42.235 7.153 119.199 0.032 1,658 4,171 3,792 1,777
42.235 7.153 0.000 119.199 0.032 1,658 4,171 3,792 1,777

42.235 7.153 0.000 119.199 0.032 1,658 4,171 3,792 1,777

42.235 7.153 0.000 119.199 0.032 1,658 4,171 3,792 1,777

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

20.099 65.923 221.746 0.670 111,258 116,123 151,512 540,454

20.099 65.923 0.000 221.746 0.670 111,258 116,123 151,512 540,454

20.099 65.923 0.000 221.746 0.670 111,258 116,123 151,512 540,454

20.099 65.923 0.000 221.746 0.670 111,258 116,123 151,512 540,454

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

4.258 24.510 0.000 107.424 0.273 16,762 19,102 41,223 86,329






Fuel Combustion Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams/mmBtu of fuel burned, Energy - Bt

Gasoline: Farming Tractor (E10)

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 432.303 2.408 2.074 0.175

2020

107,756 2022 355.530 1.897 1.634 0.138

2025

2030 258.219 1.271 1.095 0.093

Petroleum 

Energy

111,543

Petroleum 

Energy

103,769

103,769

103,769

Diesel Fuel: Farming Tractor 

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

1990
1995

2000

100,036 2005

2010 42.228 0.079 2.241 0.128

2015

2017 42.228 0.079 2.241 0.128

2020

100,448 2022 30.551 0.057 1.622 0.093

2025

2030 23.024 0.043 1.222 0.070

NG: Farm Use (engine)

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

1990 52.000

1995 52.000

2000 52.000

2005 46.560

4,290 2010 41.120

2015 41.120

4,290 2017 41.120

2020 41.120

4,290 2022 41.120

2025

4,290 2030 41.120

LPG: Commercial Boiler 

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

1990 1.890

1995 1.890

2000 1.890

2005 1.890

29,588 2010 1.890

2015 1.890

29,588 2017 1.890

2020 1.890

29,588 2022 1.890

2025

29,588 2030 1.890

Coal: Used in Biofuel Plants (industrial boiler)

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

1990 3.000

1995 3.000

2000 3.000

2005 2.534

14,069 2010 2.068
2015 2.068

14,069 2017 2.068

2020 2.068

14,069 2022 2.068

2025

14,069 2030 2.068

Biofuel: Used in Biofuel Plants (small industrial boiler)

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein

1990 5.341

1995 5.341

2000 5.341

2005 5.341

2010 5.341

2015 5.341

2017 5.341

2020 5.341

2022 5.341

2025

2030 5.341

Petroleum 

Energy

23,181

23,181

23,181

23,181

Petroleum 

Energy

108,076






s/mmBtu of fuel burned, Energy - Btu per mmBtu fuel burned

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

0.000

0.000

15.113 4.029 0.647 11374.346 265.477 7.352 6.764

11.904 3.174 0.659 10067.232 203.886 7.487 6.888

7.977 2.127 0.673 8417.518 131.315 7.648 7.036

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5
0.859 4.989 0.046 211.537 468.845 35.672 34.602

0.859 4.989 0.046 211.537 468.845 35.672 34.602

0.622 3.610 0.027 130.080 305.988 21.123 20.489

0.468 2.720 0.010 58.080 159.388 7.685 7.454

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

1006.365 2000.000 7.330 7.330

1006.365 1900.000 7.330 7.330

1006.365 1800.000 7.330 7.330

674.405 1500.000 6.430 6.430

342.445 1200.000 5.530 5.530

342.445 1050.000 5.530 5.530

342.445 1050.000 5.530 5.530

342.445 1000.000 5.530 5.530

342.445 1000.000 5.530 5.530

342.445 1000.000 5.530 5.530

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

10.800 84.619 2.430 2.430

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

96.100 211.400 170.000 70.000

96.100 205.000 165.000 68.000

96.100 200.000 155.000 65.000

86.143 185.000 120.000 60.000

76.185 155.249 100.000 50.000
76.185 120.000 85.000 45.000

76.185 120.000 85.000 45.000

76.185 105.700 80.000 40.000

76.185 105.700 80.000 40.000

76.185 105.700 80.000 40.000

Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331

76.800 110.000 12.661 6.331






SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

12.846 1.104

12.846 1.104

10.313 1.104

7.393 1.104

5.193 1.104

3.575 1.104

15.850 1.009 3.095 1.104 76904.180 77311.415

2.615 1.104

15.879 1.009 2.615 1.104 77039.773 77436.928

15.914 1.009 2.615 1.104 77205.465 77602.620

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

0.630 0.920
0.630 0.920

0.630 0.920

0.630 0.920

0.475 0.679 0.630 0.920 78902.921 79201.351

0.630 0.920

0.475 0.679 0.630 0.920 78902.921 79201.351

0.630 0.920

0.438 0.679 0.630 0.920 78937.361 79235.791

0.400 0.679 0.630 0.920 78959.439 79257.869

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

0.269 368.940 1.500 58818.555 67031.295 1000000

368.940 1.500 1000000

0.269 368.940 1.500 58818.555 67031.295 1000000

1000000

0.269 368.940 1.500 58818.555 67031.295 1000000

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

1.080 4.860 600000

1.080 4.860 600000

1.080 4.860 600000

1.080 4.860 600000

1.080 4.860 600000

1.080 4.860 600000

0.000 1.080 4.860 67380.833 68910.113 600000

1.080 4.860 600000

0.000 1.080 4.860 67380.833 68910.113 600000

600000

0.000 1.080 4.860 67380.833 68910.113 600000

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

600.000 4.000 1.000 1000000

580.000 4.000 1.000 1000000

530.000 4.000 1.000 1000000

349.293 4.000 1.000 1000000

200.000 4.000 1.000 1000000
130.000 4.000 1.000 1000000

130.000 4.000 1.000 107318.592 107712.592 1000000

100.000 4.000 1.000 1000000

100.000 4.000 1.000 107318.592 107712.592 1000000

1000000

100.000 4.000 1.000 107318.592 107712.592 1000000

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

4.100 3.834 11.000

4.100 3.834 11.000

4.100 3.834 11.000

4.100 3.834 11.000

4.100 3.834 11.000 0.0 3490.514

4.100 3.834 11.000 0.0 3490.514

4.100 3.834 11.000 0.0 3490.514

4.100 3.834 11.000 0.0 3490.514

4.100 3.834 11.000 0.0 3490.514

4.100 3.834 11.000 0.000 3490.514






Petroleum 

Energy

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000

1000000

Diesel Fuel: Used at Cellulosic Ethanol Plant (average of commercial boiler, 

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

1000000 1990 58.003
1000000 1995 58.003

1000000 2000 46.746

1000000 2005 33.731

1000000 2010 24.316

1000000 2015 16.725

1000000 2017 16.725

1000000 2020 12.459

1000000 2022 12.459

1000000 2025

1000000 2030 12.459

NG: Biofuel Plant Use (50 / 50 mix of large and small industrial boiler)

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

1990 2.700

1995 2.700

2000 2.700

2005 2.344

2010 1.987

2015 1.987

2017 1.987

2020 1.987

2022 1.987

2025

2030 1.987

Petroleum 

Energy

400000

400000

400000

400000

400000

400000

400000

400000

400000

400000

400000

Petroleum 

Energy
Petroleum 

Energy






f commercial boiler, stationary engine, and turbine)

Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

268.356 476.438 72.007 61.910
268.356 476.438 72.007 61.910

218.961 427.618 62.700 53.533

161.827 366.330 50.941 44.071

128.799 298.487 40.460 35.759

84.937 225.535 32.996 29.040

84.937 225.535 32.996 29.040

53.802 170.494 27.398 24.002

53.802 170.494 27.398 24.002

53.802 170.494 27.398 24.002

dustrial boiler)

Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

41.100 65.500 3.700 3.700

41.100 65.000 3.700 3.700

41.100 61.500 3.700 3.700

31.861 53.517 3.392 3.392

22.621 43.804 3.083 3.083

22.621 38.500 3.083 3.083

22.621 38.500 3.083 3.083

22.621 36.500 3.083 3.083

22.621 36.500 3.083 3.083

22.621 36.500 3.083 3.083







SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1.848 1.463 1000000
1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

1.848 1.463 492.441 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

0.543 1.848 1.463 77973.126 78465.567 1000000

1.848 1.463 1000000

0.543 1.848 1.463 77973.126 78465.567 1000000

1000000

0.543 1.848 1.463 77973.126 78465.567 1000000

SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 1000000

1.100 1.100 58818.555 1000000

1.100 1.100 58818.555 59182.655 1000000

1.100 1.100 58818.555 1000000

0.269 1.100 1.100 58818.555 59182.655 1000000

1.100 1.100 58818.555 1000000

0.269 1.100 1.100 58818.555 59182.655 1000000

1000000

0.269 1.100 1.100 58818.555 59182.655 1000000







Electricity Production Emissions / Energy Use: Btu or Grams per mmBtu of Electricity Available at User Sites (w

U.S. Average Electricity Production

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010 19.682 0.00015 0.030 0.012 0.044

2015

2017 19.682 0.00015 0.030 0.012 0.044

2020 17.380 0.00015 0.030 0.012 0.044

2022 17.342 0.00015 0.030 0.012 0.044

2025

2030 17.192 0.00015 0.030 0.012 0.044








ty Available at User Sites (wall outlets)

Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.063 58.457 239.631 289.622 76.280 527.218

0.063 0.000 58.457 239.631 289.622 76.280 527.218 0.000

0.063 0.000 56.141 185.481 272.137 71.574 380.026

0.063 0.000 56.137 184.582 272.113 71.550 380.026 0.000

0.063 0.000 56.120 180.985 272.014 71.454 380.026 0.000








CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

296.035 3.117 219,707 226,889 1,630,541 553,053 115,047

296.035 3.117 219,707 226,889 1,630,541 553,053 115,047

270.731 3.555 200,418 207,205 1,531,552 499,005 58,691

270.731 3.555 200,418 207,205 1,531,552 499,005 58,691

270.731 3.555 200,418 207,206 1,531,552 499,005 58,691








Agricultural Chemical Production & Transportation Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per ton of nutrient, Energ

Average Nitrogen Fertilizer

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005 2785.568 0.018 0.009

2010 2776.102 0.018 0.009

2015 2767.757 0.018 0.009

2017 2765.315 0.018 0.009

2020 2761.653 0.018 0.009

2022 2760.523 0.018 0.009

2025

2030 2756.005 0.018 0.009

Phosphate (P2O5) Fertilizer

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005 306.366

2010 287.258 0.002 0.001

2015 263.418

2017 255.605 0.001 0.001

2020 243.885

2022 240.014 0.001 0.001

2025

2030 224.531 0.001 0.001

Potash (K2O) Fertilizer

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005 55.794 0.0002 0.0001

2010 50.610 0.0002 0.0001

2015 45.183 0.0002 0.0001

2017 43.652 0.0002 0.0001

2020 41.356 0.0002 0.0001

2022 40.731 0.0002 0.0001

2025

2030 38.228 0.0002 0.0001

Limestone (CaCO3) Fertilizer

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990
1995

2000

2005 72.218 0.0005 0.0002

2010 65.169 0.0004 0.0002

2015 59.641 0.0004 0.0002

2017 58.530 0.0004 0.0002

2020 56.864 0.0004 0.0002

2022 56.788 0.0004 0.0002

2025

2030 56.482 0.0004 0.0002

Herbicide

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005 1940.336 0.709 0.101 0.029 3.954

2010 1730.969 0.632 0.090 0.026 3.528

2015 1571.412 0.574 0.082 0.024 3.202

2017 1536.429 0.561 0.080 0.023 3.131

2020 1483.954 0.542 0.077 0.022 3.024

2022 1575.443 0.576 0.082 0.024 3.211

2025

2030 1941.401 0.709 0.101 0.029 3.956

Pesticide

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005 3002.190 1.097 0.156 0.045 6.118

2010 2566.906 0.938 0.133 0.039 5.231

2015 2228.354 0.814 0.116 0.034 4.541

2017 2153.562 0.787 0.112 0.033 4.389

2020 2041.373 0.746 0.106 0.031 4.160

2022 2039.531 0.745 0.106 0.031 4.156

2025

2030 2032.161 0.742 0.106 0.031 4.141







ons - grams per ton of nutrient, Energy - mmBtu per ton of nutrient

Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

20.940 0.035 2708.817 2328.275 494.693 287.273 972.013

20.869 0.034 2622.031 1995.160 477.689 275.798 792.491

20.806 0.033 2604.837 1783.435 462.357 267.848 707.997

20.788 0.033 2601.422 1724.972 459.248 265.921 705.840 0.000

20.760 0.033 2596.299 1637.278 454.583 263.031 702.603

20.752 0.033 2595.359 1605.304 453.731 262.208 702.603 0.000

20.718 0.032 2591.602 1477.407 450.323 258.914 702.603 0.000

Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

904.816 6238.441 1644.484 1081.608 53802.322

1.853 0.121 823.913 5491.976 1607.611 1055.159 53466.787

804.022 5013.249 1573.410 1034.828 53308.914

1.649 0.118 799.276 4845.892 1565.589 1029.262 53304.875 0.000

792.157 4594.857 1553.859 1020.912 53298.816

1.548 0.117 790.425 4484.284 1550.856 1018.004 53298.816 0.000

1.448 0.116 783.498 4041.995 1538.845 1006.372 53298.816 0.000

Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.264 0.012 171.345 1088.069 170.464 89.015 439.108

0.240 0.011 153.227 938.802 161.178 82.944 360.716

0.214 0.011 138.255 832.391 152.964 78.074 323.805

0.207 0.011 134.949 800.182 151.183 76.842 322.858 0.000

0.196 0.010 129.988 751.869 148.510 74.995 321.439

0.193 0.010 129.416 734.153 148.041 74.541 321.439 0.000

0.181 0.010 127.128 663.289 146.161 72.726 321.439 0.000

Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3
0.527 0.044 258.307 971.842 569.182 192.459 1279.662

0.475 0.042 229.306 731.674 542.437 181.034 893.921

0.435 0.040 203.708 620.963 517.339 171.668 712.308

0.427 0.039 196.798 602.414 512.787 169.640 707.680 0.000

0.415 0.039 186.432 574.589 505.959 166.597 700.740

0.414 0.039 186.349 572.693 505.909 166.549 700.740 0.000

0.412 0.039 186.018 565.110 505.707 166.354 700.740 0.000

Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

22.303 128.623 7607.334 28333.902 12182.535 5679.313 18710.786

19.896 118.733 6473.510 22786.994 11245.753 5168.941 13325.930

18.062 112.083 5665.572 19845.250 10615.892 4836.256 10791.801

17.660 110.315 5438.018 19219.205 10448.430 4734.263 10726.666 0.000

17.057 107.663 5096.687 18280.137 10197.237 4581.274 10628.963

18.108 114.444 5417.378 19371.112 10839.550 4868.949 11300.266 0.000

22.315 141.570 6700.144 23735.014 13408.803 6019.652 13985.478 0.000

Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

34.508 145.179 11961.467 35682.615 13750.631 6572.194 22802.493

29.504 135.102 9977.755 28824.687 12796.200 6108.121 16205.009

25.613 128.011 8158.637 24360.683 12124.514 5730.909 13095.068

24.753 126.418 7644.419 23287.682 11973.642 5630.824 13015.163 0.000

23.464 124.028 6873.093 21678.180 11747.334 5480.697 12895.305

23.443 124.014 6872.277 21628.450 11746.005 5479.410 12895.305 0.000

23.358 123.958 6869.014 21429.529 11740.688 5474.264 12895.305







CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

2632.163 1481.438 2,211,527 2,726,048 2.565 36.922 1.674

2632.163 1481.438 2,211,527 2,726,048 2.56 36.92 1.67

2632.163 1481.438 2,211,527 2,726,048 2.565 36.922 1.674

2632.163 1481.438 2,211,527 2,726,048 2.565 36.922 1.674

2632.163 1481.438 2,211,527 2,726,048 2.565 36.922 1.674

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1610.341 16.681 894,413 933,401 2.52 5.54 3.49

1610.341 16.681 894,413 933,401 2.524 5.541 3.494

1610.341 16.681 894,413 933,401 2.524 5.541 3.494

1610.341 16.681 894,413 933,401 2.524 5.541 3.494

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

888.831 9.116 602,485 623,976 2.73 2.14 2.23

888.831 9.116 602,485 623,976 2.730 2.136 2.227

888.831 9.116 602,485 623,976 2.730 2.136 2.227

888.831 9.116 602,485 623,976 2.730 2.136 2.227

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
830.873 7.762 949,543 969,398 2.72 2.11 1.63

830.873 7.762 949,543 969,398 2.716 2.109 1.628

830.873 7.762 949,543 969,398 2.716 2.109 1.628

830.873 7.762 949,543 969,398 2.716 2.109 1.628

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

27441.074 462.500 18,751,807 19,471,445 51.761 61.378 114.976

27682.226 465.134 18,766,751 19,492,270 50.66 63.76 114.88

27868.540 466.027 18,691,265 19,420,972 48.518 66.502 114.761

27869.145 465.950 18,668,511 19,398,208 48.178 66.753 114.757

27870.052 465.836 18,634,380 19,364,061 47.668 67.128 114.752

27870.028 465.836 18,634,378 19,364,058 47.668 67.128 114.752

27869.936 465.836 18,634,371 19,364,049 47.668 67.128 114.752

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

32518.119 549.773 21,918,260 22,771,570 63.966 72.963 134.315

32846.677 553.756 21,966,954 22,828,399 62.68 76.01 134.39

33075.590 554.852 21,876,632 22,743,224 60.055 79.374 134.241

33076.351 554.758 21,848,961 22,715,540 59.638 79.681 134.236

33077.492 554.618 21,807,455 22,674,014 59.012 80.142 134.229

33077.475 554.618 21,807,451 22674010.031 59.746 79.316 134.261

33077.408 554.618 21,807,437 22,673,994 62.683 76.010 134.392







On Farm Non-Combustion, Non-GHG Emissions

Fertilizer Application (g/ton applied)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030

Herbicide Application (this table is empty since herbicides are included in Pesticide Application ta

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030

Pesticide Application (tons/ton applied)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005 0.543 0.0036 0.142

2010

2015

2017 0.543 0.0036 0.142

2020

2022 0.543 0.0036 0.142

2025

2030 0.543 0.0036 0.142

Fugutive Dust ONLY -- removed Crop Residue Burning (tons/1000 acres farmed)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990
1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030

Livestock (Beef Cattle) Ammonia & PM (kg/Head)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030

Livestock (Dairy Cattle) Ammonia (kg/Head)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030

Livestock (Swine) Ammonia (kg/Head)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010
2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030

Livestock (Poultry) Ammonia (kg/Head)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022

2025

2030






Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

57428.708

57428.708

57428.708

57428.708

Pesticide Application table below)

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O
6.807 1.021

6.807 1.021

6.807 1.021

6.807 1.021

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.888 0.089 9

0.888 0.089 9

0.888 0.089 9

0.888 0.089 9

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.172 0.017 25

0.172 0.017 25

0.172 0.017 25

0.172 0.017 25

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

5
5

5

5

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.22

0.22

0.22

0.22






Biofuel Production Emissions / Energy Use: Btu o

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.290

2020

2022 2.290

2025

2030 2.290

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill NG (wet DGS)

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.271

2020

2022 2.271

2025

2030 2.271

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill, Integrated Bio

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.293

2020

2022 2.293

2025

2030 2.293

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill, Integrated Bio

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC

1990
1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.273

2020

2022 2.273

2025

2030 2.273

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.311

2020

2022 2.311

2025

2030 2.311

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Coal (wet DGS)

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.285

2020

2022 2.285

2025

2030 2.285

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010
2015

2017 2.416

2020

2022 2.416

2025

2030 2.416

Corn Ethanol, Dry Mill Biomass (wet D

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.352

2020

2022 2.352

2025

2030 2.352

Corn Ethanol, Wet Mill NG

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.330

2020

2022 2.330

2025

2030 2.330

Corn Ethanol, Wet Mill Coal

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.334

2020

2022 2.334

2025

2030 2.334
Corn Ethanol, Wet Mill Biomass

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.484

2020

2022 2.484

2025

2030 2.484

Cellulosic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Switch

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 1.446

2020

2022 1.446

2025

2030 1.446

Cellulosic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Corn S

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 1.446

2020

2022 1.446

2025

2030 1.446

Cellulosic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Forest 

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995
2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 1.434

2020

2022 1.434

2025

2030 1.434

Cellulosic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Farme

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 1.674

2020

2022 1.673

2025

2030 1.673

Cellulosic Ethanol, Thermochemical, 

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 0.489

2020

2022 0.488

2025

2030 0.488

Cellulosic Ethanol, Thermochemical, 

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 0.489

2020
2022 0.488

2025

2030 0.488

Cellulosic Ethanol, Thermochemical, 

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 0.489

2020

2022 0.488

2025

2030 0.488

Cellulosic Ethanol, Thermochemical, 

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 0.000

2020

2022 0.000

2025

2030 0.000

Bio-Butanol, Corn Fermentation, Not 

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 2.326

2020

2022 2.326

2025

2030 2.326

Biodiesel, Virgin Vegetable Oil (e.g., S
5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005 0.044

2010 0.038

2015 0.038

2017 0.038

2020 0.038

2022 0.038

2025

2030 0.038

Biodiesel, Fat/Oil/Grease (e.g., Yellow 

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005 0.052

2010 0.044

2015 0.044

2017 0.044

2020 0.044

2022 0.044

2025

2030 0.044

Biodiesel, Fuel-Grade Corn Oil

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005 0.052

2010 0.044

2015 0.044

2017 0.044

2020 0.044

2022 0.044

2025

2030 0.044

Biodiesel, Algae or Camelina

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005 0.010
2010 0.009

2015 0.009

2017 0.009

2020 0.009

2022 0.009

2025

2030 0.009

Renewable Diesel, Co-Pro from Soybe

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 0.029

2020

2022 0.029

2025

2030 0.029

Renewable Diesel, Non-CoPro from Y

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 0.00042

2020

2022 0.00042

2025

2030 0.00042

Biodiesel Material Use Production Emissions 

Biodiesel, Soybean oil

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 0.580

2020
2022 0.580

2025

2030 0.580

Biodiesel, Yellow grease/tallow

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 0.777

2020

2022 0.777

2025

2030 0.777

Cellulosic Diesel, BTL

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010 0.912

2015

2017 0.912

2020

2022 0.908

2025

2030 0.906

Cellulosic Diesel, Other

5-year 

period VOC

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010 0.912

2015

2017 0.912

2020

2022 0.908

2025

2030 0.906
duction Emissions / Energy Use: Btu or Grams per gal of fuel produced (combustion and non-combustion emissions) - Plant Only

hanol, Dry Mill NG

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.808 0.020

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.808 0.020

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.808 0.020

hanol, Dry Mill NG (wet DGS)

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.113 0.005 0.004 0.802 0.019

0.113 0.005 0.004 0.802 0.019

0.113 0.005 0.004 0.802 0.019

hanol, Dry Mill, Integrated Biogas System (Dry DGS)

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.809 0.020

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.809 0.020

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.809 0.020

hanol, Dry Mill, Integrated Biogas (wet DGS)

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene
0.113 0.005 0.004 0.803 0.019 0.000

0.113 0.005 0.004 0.803 0.019 0.000

0.113 0.005 0.004 0.803 0.019 0.000

hanol, Dry Mill Coal

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.115 0.005 0.004 0.816 0.020 0.000

0.115 0.005 0.004 0.816 0.020 0.000

0.115 0.005 0.004 0.816 0.020 0.000

hanol, Dry Mill Coal (wet DGS)

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.806 0.020 0.000

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.806 0.020 0.000

0.114 0.005 0.004 0.806 0.020 0.000

hanol, Dry Mill Biomass

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene
0.120 0.005 0.004 0.853 0.021 0.000

0.120 0.005 0.004 0.853 0.021 0.000

0.120 0.005 0.004 0.853 0.021 0.000

hanol, Dry Mill Biomass (wet DGS)

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.117 0.005 0.004 0.830 0.020 0.000

0.117 0.005 0.004 0.830 0.020 0.000

0.117 0.005 0.004 0.830 0.020 0.000

hanol, Wet Mill NG

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.116 0.005 0.004 0.823 0.020 0.000

0.116 0.005 0.004 0.823 0.020 0.000

0.116 0.005 0.004 0.823 0.020 0.000

hanol, Wet Mill Coal

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.116 0.005 0.004 0.824 0.020 0.000

0.116 0.005 0.004 0.824 0.020 0.000

0.116 0.005 0.004 0.824 0.020 0.000
hanol, Wet Mill Biomass

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.124 0.005 0.004 0.877 0.021 0.000

0.124 0.005 0.004 0.877 0.021 0.000

0.124 0.005 0.004 0.877 0.021 0.000

ic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Switchgrass & Lignin

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.072 0.003 0.002 0.510 0.012

0.072 0.003 0.002 0.510 0.012

0.072 0.003 0.002 0.510 0.012

ic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Corn Stover & Lignin

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.072 0.003 0.002 0.510 0.012

0.072 0.003 0.002 0.510 0.012

0.072 0.003 0.002 0.510 0.012

ic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Forest waste & Lignin

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene
0.071 0.003 0.002 0.506 0.012

0.071 0.003 0.002 0.506 0.012

0.071 0.003 0.002 0.506 0.012

ic Ethanol, Enzymatic, Farmed trees & Lignin

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.083 0.004 0.003 0.591 0.014

0.083 0.004 0.003 0.591 0.014

0.083 0.004 0.003 0.591 0.014

ic Ethanol, Thermochemical, Switchgrass

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004

0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004

0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004

ic Ethanol, Thermochemical, Corn Stover

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004
0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004

0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004

ic Ethanol, Thermochemical, Forest Waste

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004

0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004

0.024 0.001 0.001 0.172 0.004

ic Ethanol, Thermochemical, Farmed trees

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

anol, Corn Fermentation, Not Used

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

el, Virgin Vegetable Oil (e.g., Soybean Oil)
1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000E+00 2.498E-07 2.146E-07 3.272E-08 0.000E+00 1.548E-06 2.796E-08

0.000E+00 2.118E-07 1.819E-07 2.774E-08 0.000E+00 1.312E-06 2.370E-08

0.000E+00 2.118E-07 1.819E-07 2.774E-08 0.000E+00 1.312E-06 2.370E-08

0.000E+00 2.118E-07 1.819E-07 2.774E-08 0.000E+00 1.312E-06 2.370E-08

0.000E+00 2.118E-07 1.819E-07 2.774E-08 0.000E+00 1.312E-06 2.370E-08

0.000E+00 2.118E-07 1.819E-07 2.774E-08 0.000E+00 1.312E-06 2.370E-08

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

el, Fat/Oil/Grease (e.g., Yellow grease/tallow)

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000E+00 2.904E-07 2.494E-07 3.803E-08 0.000E+00 1.799E-06 3.250E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

el, Fuel-Grade Corn Oil

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000E+00 2.904E-07 2.494E-07 3.803E-08 0.000E+00 1.799E-06 3.250E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000E+00 2.461E-07 2.114E-07 3.224E-08 0.000E+00 1.525E-06 2.755E-08

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

el, Algae or Camelina

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000E+00 5.789E-08 4.973E-08 7.582E-09 0.000E+00 3.587E-07 6.479E-09
0.000E+00 4.907E-08 4.216E-08 6.427E-09 0.000E+00 3.040E-07 5.493E-09

0.000E+00 4.907E-08 4.216E-08 6.427E-09 0.000E+00 3.040E-07 5.493E-09

0.000E+00 4.907E-08 4.216E-08 6.427E-09 0.000E+00 3.040E-07 5.493E-09

0.000E+00 4.907E-08 4.216E-08 6.427E-09 0.000E+00 3.040E-07 5.493E-09

0.000E+00 4.907E-08 4.216E-08 6.427E-09 0.000E+00 3.040E-07 5.493E-09

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

ble Diesel, Co-Pro from Soybean Oil, Not Used

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000E+00 1.627E-07 1.398E-07 2.131E-08 0.000E+00 1.008E-06 0.000E+00

0.000E+00 1.627E-07 1.398E-07 2.131E-08 0.000E+00 1.008E-06 0.000E+00

0.000E+00 1.627E-07 1.398E-07 2.131E-08 0.000E+00 1.008E-06 0.000E+00

ble Diesel, Non-CoPro from Yellow grease/tallow

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000E+00 2.351E-09 2.020E-09 3.079E-10 0.000E+00 1.457E-08 0.000E+00

0.000E+00 2.351E-09 2.020E-09 3.079E-10 0.000E+00 1.457E-08 0.000E+00

0.000E+00 2.351E-09 2.020E-09 3.079E-10 0.000E+00 1.457E-08 0.000E+00

Material Use Production Emissions / Energy Use: Btu or Grams per kg Product

el, Soybean oil

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000E+00 3.266E-06 2.806E-06 4.278E-07 0.000E+00 2.024E-05 0.000E+00
0.000E+00 3.266E-06 2.806E-06 4.278E-07 0.000E+00 2.024E-05 0.000E+00

0.000E+00 3.266E-06 2.806E-06 4.278E-07 0.000E+00 2.024E-05 0.000E+00

el, Yellow grease/tallow

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

0.000E+00 4.378E-06 3.761E-06 5.734E-07 0.000E+00 2.713E-05 0.000E+00

0.000E+00 4.378E-06 3.761E-06 5.734E-07 0.000E+00 2.713E-05 0.000E+00

0.000E+00 4.378E-06 3.761E-06 5.734E-07 0.000E+00 2.713E-05 0.000E+00

ic Diesel, BTL

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

5.140E-06 4.416E-06 6.732E-07 0.000E+00 3.185E-05 5.753E-07

4.542E-02 1.965E-03 1.483E-03 3.220E-01 7.815E-03 0.000E+00

4.523E-02 1.956E-03 1.476E-03 3.207E-01 7.782E-03 0.000E+00

0.045 0.002 0.001 0.320 0.008 0.000

ic Diesel, Other

1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

5.140E-06 4.416E-06 6.732E-07 0.000E+00 3.185E-05 5.753E-07

4.542E-02 1.965E-03 1.483E-03 3.220E-01 7.815E-03 0.000E+00

4.523E-02 1.956E-03 1.476E-03 3.207E-01 7.782E-03 0.000E+00

0.045 0.002 0.001 0.320 0.008 0.000
ssions) - Plant Only

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.581 0.988 0.935 0.225 0.007 0.000 0.028 0.028 1,510

0.581 0.937 0.935 0.225 0.007 0.000 0.028 0.028 1,510

0.581 0.937 0.935 0.225 0.007 0.000 0.028 0.028 1,510

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.369 0.628 0.906 0.196 0.004 0.000 0.018 0.018 960

0.369 0.596 0.906 0.196 0.004 0.000 0.018 0.018 960

0.369 0.596 0.906 0.196 0.004 0.000 0.018 0.018 960

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.617 1.050 0.940 0.230 0.007 0.000 0.030 0.030 674

0.617 0.995 0.940 0.230 0.007 0.000 0.030 0.030 674

0.617 0.995 0.940 0.230 0.007 0.000 0.030 0.030 674

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2
0.392 0.667 0.909 0.199 0.005 0.000 0.019 0.019 428

0.392 0.633 0.909 0.199 0.005 0.000 0.019 0.019 428

0.392 0.633 0.909 0.199 0.005 0.000 0.019 0.019 428

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

2.649 4.173 3.812 1.711 4.520 0.000 0.139 0.035 3,732

2.649 3.675 3.638 1.537 3.477 0.000 0.139 0.035 3,732

2.649 3.675 3.638 1.537 3.477 0.000 0.139 0.035 3,732

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

1.684 2.653 2.735 1.141 2.874 0.000 0.088 0.022 2,372

1.684 2.337 2.624 1.030 2.211 0.000 0.088 0.022 2,372

1.684 2.337 2.624 1.030 2.211 0.000 0.088 0.022 2,372

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2
2.546 3.646 1.276 0.356 0.136 0.000 0.127 0.365 0

2.546 3.646 1.276 0.356 0.136 0.000 0.127 0.365 0

2.546 3.646 1.276 0.356 0.136 0.000 0.127 0.365 0

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

1.618 2.318 1.123 0.279 0.086 0.000 0.081 0.232 0

1.618 2.318 1.123 0.279 0.086 0.000 0.081 0.232 0

1.618 2.318 1.123 0.279 0.086 0.000 0.081 0.232 0

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

1.039 1.769 0.998 0.288 0.012 0.000 0.051 0.051 2,703

1.039 1.677 0.998 0.288 0.012 0.000 0.051 0.051 2,703

1.039 1.677 0.998 0.288 0.012 0.000 0.051 0.051 2,703

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

3.501 5.514 4.762 2.214 5.974 0.000 0.184 0.046 4,931

3.501 4.857 4.532 1.984 4.595 0.000 0.184 0.046 4,931

3.501 4.857 4.532 1.984 4.595 0.000 0.184 0.046 4,931
CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

3.529 5.055 1.438 0.437 0.188 0.000 0.176 0.505 0

3.529 5.055 1.438 0.437 0.188 0.000 0.176 0.505 0

3.529 5.055 1.438 0.437 0.188 0.000 0.176 0.505 0

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

4.685 6.710 1.628 0.532 0.250 0.000 0.234 0.671 0

4.685 6.710 1.628 0.532 0.250 0.000 0.234 0.671 0

4.685 6.710 1.628 0.532 0.250 0.000 0.234 0.671 0

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

4.685 6.710 1.628 0.532 0.250 0.000 0.234 0.671 0

4.685 6.710 1.628 0.532 0.250 0.000 0.234 0.671 0

4.685 6.710 1.628 0.532 0.250 0.000 0.234 0.671 0

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2
4.509 6.459 1.599 0.518 0.241 0.000 0.225 0.646 0

4.509 6.459 1.599 0.518 0.241 0.000 0.225 0.646 0

4.509 6.459 1.599 0.518 0.241 0.000 0.225 0.646 0

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

7.919 11.377 2.168 0.806 0.421 0.000 0.395 1.131 26

7.908 11.358 2.166 0.804 0.421 0.000 0.395 1.131 26

7.908 11.358 2.166 0.804 0.421 0.000 0.395 1.131 26

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

6.999 10.043 1.157 0.581 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14

6.993 10.033 1.156 0.580 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14

6.993 10.033 1.156 0.580 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

6.999 10.043 1.157 0.581 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14
6.993 10.033 1.156 0.580 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14

6.993 10.033 1.156 0.580 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

6.999 10.043 1.157 0.581 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14

6.993 10.033 1.156 0.580 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14

6.993 10.033 1.156 0.580 0.373 0.000 0.349 1.001 14

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.985 1.676 0.990 0.280 0.012 0.000 0.048 0.048 2,561

0.985 1.589 0.990 0.280 0.012 0.000 0.048 0.048 2,561

0.985 1.589 0.990 0.280 0.012 0.000 0.048 0.048 2,561
CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.603 1.012 0.064 0.064 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.021 1,113

0.428 0.829 0.058 0.058 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.021 1,113

0.428 0.728 0.058 0.058 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.021 1,113

0.428 0.728 0.058 0.058 0.005 0.000 0.021 0.021 1,113

0.428 0.690 0.058 0.058 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.021 1,113

0.428 0.690 0.058 0.058 0.005 0.000 0.021 0.021 1,113

0.428 0.690 0.058 0.058 0.005 0.000 0.021 0.021 1,113

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.700 1.176 0.075 0.075 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.024 1,293

0.497 0.963 0.068 0.068 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.024 1,293

0.497 0.846 0.068 0.068 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.024 1,293

0.497 0.846 0.068 0.068 0.006 0.000 0.024 0.024 1,293

0.497 0.802 0.068 0.068 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.024 1,293

0.497 0.802 0.068 0.068 0.006 0.000 0.024 0.024 1,293

0.497 0.802 0.068 0.068 0.006 0.000 0.024 0.024 1,293

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.700 1.176 0.075 0.075 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.024 1293.014

0.497 0.963 0.068 0.068 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.024 1293.014

0.497 0.846 0.068 0.068 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.024 1293.014

0.497 0.846 0.068 0.068 0.006 0.000 0.024 0.024 1293.014

0.497 0.802 0.068 0.068 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.024 1293.014

0.497 0.802 0.068 0.068 0.006 0.000 0.024 0.024 1293.014

0.497 0.802 0.068 0.068 0.006 0.000 0.024 0.024 1,293

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.140 0.235 0.015 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.005 257.802
0.099 0.192 0.014 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.005 257.802

0.099 0.169 0.014 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.005 257.802

0.099 0.169 0.014 0.014 0.001 0.000 0.005 0.005 257.802

0.099 0.160 0.014 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.005 257.802

0.099 0.160 0.014 0.014 0.001 0.000 0.005 0.005 257.802

0.099 0.160 0.014 0.014 0.001 0.000 0.005 0.005 258

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.329 0.559 0.045 0.045 0.004 0.000 0.016 0.016 855

0.329 0.530 0.045 0.045 0.004 0.000 0.016 0.016 855

0.329 0.530 0.045 0.045 0.004 0.000 0.016 0.016 855

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.0048 0.0081 0.0006 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 12

0.0048 0.0077 0.0006 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 12

0.0048 0.0077 0.0006 0.0006 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 12

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.593 2.035 0.285 0.265 1.081 0.000 3.331 0.008 499
0.593 2.035 0.285 0.265 1.081 0.000 3.331 0.008 499

0.593 2.035 0.285 0.265 1.081 0.000 3.331 0.008 499

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.571 2.155 0.259 0.241 1.886 0.000 3.135 0.008 514

0.571 2.155 0.259 0.241 1.886 0.000 3.135 0.008 514

0.571 2.155 0.259 0.241 1.886 0.000 3.135 0.008 514

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

13.416 20.274 2.399 1.205 1.804 0.000 0.645 1.880 26

13.416 20.274 2.399 1.205 1.804 0.000 0.645 1.880 26

13.389 20.221 2.394 1.200 1.804 0.000 0.645 1.880 26

13.366 20.173 2.390 1.196 1.804 0.000 0.645 1.880 26

CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

13.416 20.274 2.399 1.205 1.804 0.000 0.645 1.880 26

13.416 20.274 2.399 1.205 1.804 0.000 0.645 1.880 26

13.389 20.221 2.394 1.200 1.804 0.000 0.645 1.880 26

13.366 20.173 2.390 1.196 1.804 0.000 0.645 1.880 26
Biofuel Feedstock & Co-Product Transport Emissions / Ener

Corn Transport per Bushel

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000 0.209

2005 0.127 0.00008

2010 0.103 0.00006

2015 0.086

1,519 0 25,672 0 2017 0.083 0.00005

2020 0.079 0.00005

1,519 0 25,672 0 2022 0.078 0.00005

2025

1,519 0 25,672 0 2030 0.074 0.00005

Soybean Transport per Bushel

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000 0.209

2005 0.127 0.00008

2010 0.111 0.00007

2015 0.086

966 0 16,320 0 2017 0.085 0.00005

2020 0.085 0.00005

966 0 16,320 0 2022 0.082 0.00005

2025

966 0 16,320 0 2030 0.074 0.00005

DDGS Transport per Ton

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000 7.116

2005 3.189 0.00195

2010 2.701 0.00165

2015 2.345

684 0 11,459 0 2017 2.279 0.00139

2020 2.181

684 0 11,459 0 2022 2.166 0.00132

2025

684 0 11,459 0 2030 2.107 0.00129

Farmed Trees Transport per Ton

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990
1995

2000 6.698

2005 3.002 0.00183

2010 2.548 0.00155

2015 2.207

435 0 7,285 0 2017 2.154 0.00131

2020 2.075 0.00127

435 0 7,285 0 2022 2.056 0.00125

2025

435 0 7,285 0 2030 1.983 0.00121

Switchgrass Transport per Ton (herbaceous b

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000 4.186

2005 1.876 0.00114

2010 1.593 0.00097

2015 1.379

3,745 34,773 0 0 2017 1.346 0.00082

2020 1.297 0.00079

3,745 34,773 0 0 2022 1.285 0.00078

2025

3,745 34,773 0 0 2030 1.239 0.00076

Corn Stover Transport per Ton

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000 3.140

2005 1.407 0.00086

2010 1.194 0.00073

2015 1.034

2,381 22,106 0 0 2017 1.010 0.00062

2020 0.972 0.00059

2,381 22,106 0 0 2022 0.964 0.00059

2025

2,381 22,106 0 0 2030 0.930 0.00057

Forest Residue Transport per Ton

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000 11.773

2005 5.276 0.00322

2010 4.479 0.00273
2015 3.879

116 0 0 0 2017 3.786 0.00231

2020 3.647 0.00222

116 0 0 0 2022 3.615 0.00220

2025

116 0 0 0 2030 3.486 0.00213

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

74 0 0 0

74 0 0 0

74 0 0 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

2,719 0 45,950 0

2,719 0 45,950 0

2,719 0 45,950 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

4,949 45,950 0 0

4,949 45,950 0 0

4,949 45,950 0 0
CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

160 0 0 0

160 0 0 0

160 0 0 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

213 0 0 0

213 0 0 0

213 0 0 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

213 0 0 0

213 0 0 0

213 0 0 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
205 0 0 0

205 0 0 0

205 0 0 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

385 0 0 337

385 0 0 337

385 0 0 337

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

331 0 0 177

331 0 0 177

331 0 0 177

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

331 0 0 177
331 0 0 177

331 0 0 177

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

331 0 0 177

331 0 0 177

331 0 0 177

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

2,577 0 43,537 0

2,577 0 43,537 0

2,577 0 43,537 0
CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1,119 0 18,915 0

1,119 0 18,915 0

1,119 0 18,915 0

1,119 0 18,915 0

1,119 0 18,915 0

1,119 0 18,915 0

1,119 0 18,915 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1,301

1,301

1,301

1,301 0 21,983 0

1,301

1,301 0 21,983 0

1,301 0 21,983 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1,301

1,301

1,301

1,301 0 21,983 0

1,301

1,301 0 21,983 0

1,301 0 21,983 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

259
259

259

259 0 4,383 0

259

259 0 4,383 0

259 0 4,383 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

860 0 14,532 0

860 0 14,532 0

860 0 14,532 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

12 0 210 0

12 0 210 0

12 0 210 0

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

572 177 10,773 737
572 177 10,773 737

572 177 10,773 737

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

582 333 10,927 792

582 333 10,927 792

582 333 10,927 792

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

622 0 0 327

622 0 0 327

622 0 0 327

622 0 0 327

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

622 0 0 327

622 0 0 327

622 0 0 327

622 0 0 327
oduct Transport Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams/bushel or ton, Energy - Btu per bushel or ton

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx

0.925 2.039

0.0036 0.00044 0.00133 0.0000 0.0099 0.00011 0.445 1.350

0.0030 0.00036 0.00108 0.0000 0.0081 0.00009 0.300 0.980

0.172 0.548

0.0024 0.00029 0.00087 0.0000 0.0065 0.00007 0.149 0.463

0.0023 0.00028 0.00083 0.0000 0.0062 0.00006 0.115 0.335

0.0022 0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0061 0.00006 0.110 0.317

0.0021 0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0058 0.00006 0.091 0.244

per Bushel

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx

0.925 2.039

0.0036 0.00044 0.00133 0.0000 0.0099 0.00011 0.445 1.350

0.0032 0.00039 0.00116 0.0000 0.0087 0.00010 0.321 1.050

0.172 0.548

0.0025 0.00030 0.00090 0.0000 0.0067 0.00007 0.153 0.472

0.0024 0.00030 0.00089 0.0000 0.0066 0.00007 0.123 0.359

0.0024 0.0003 0.0009 0.0000 0.0064 0.00007 0.117 0.336

0.0021 0.0003 0.0008 0.0000 0.0058 0.00006 0.091 0.244

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx

33.877 71.849

0.0918 0.01116 0.03349 0.0000 0.2494 0.00308 11.289 31.808

0.0778 0.00945 0.02836 0.0000 0.2112 0.00254 7.682 23.623

4.531 13.850

0.0656 0.00798 0.02393 0.0000 0.1782 0.00200 4.044 12.028

3.313 9.294

0.0624 0.0076 0.0227 0.0000 0.1694 0.00188 3.204 8.925

0.0607 0.0074 0.0221 0.0000 0.1648 0.00183 2.771 7.449

port per Ton

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx
31.884 67.623

0.0864 0.01051 0.03152 0.0000 0.2347 0.00290 10.625 29.937

0.0734 0.00892 0.02676 0.0000 0.1993 0.00255 7.111 22.151

4.264 13.036

0.0620 0.00754 0.02262 0.0000 0.1684 0.00194 3.772 11.272

0.0597 0.00726 0.02178 0.0000 0.1622 0.00192 3.033 8.625

0.0592 0.0072 0.0216 0.0000 0.1608 0.00188 2.948 8.302

0.0571 0.0069 0.0208 0.0000 0.1551 0.00173 2.608 7.010

ort per Ton (herbaceous biomass)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx

19.928 42.264

0.0540 0.00657 0.01970 0.0000 0.1467 0.00181 6.641 18.711

0.0459 0.00557 0.01672 0.0000 0.1245 0.00160 4.444 13.844

2.665 8.147

0.0388 0.00471 0.01414 0.0000 0.1053 0.00121 2.357 7.045

0.0373 0.00454 0.01361 0.0000 0.1014 0.00120 1.896 5.391

0.0370 0.0045 0.0135 0.0000 0.1005 0.00117 1.843 5.189

0.0357 0.0043 0.0130 0.0000 0.0969 0.00108 1.630 4.382

rt per Ton

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx

14.946 31.698

0.0405 0.00492 0.01477 0.0000 0.1100 0.00136 4.980 14.033

0.0344 0.00418 0.01254 0.0000 0.0934 0.00120 3.333 10.383

1.999 6.110

0.0291 0.00353 0.01060 0.0000 0.0790 0.00091 1.768 5.284

0.0280 0.00340 0.01021 0.0000 0.0760 0.00090 1.422 4.043

0.0278 0.0034 0.0101 0.0000 0.0754 0.00088 1.382 3.892

0.0268 0.0033 0.0098 0.0000 0.0727 0.00081 1.222 3.286

sport per Ton

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx

56.047 118.868

0.1520 0.01847 0.05540 0.0000 0.4126 0.00509 18.676 52.623

0.1290 0.01568 0.04703 0.0000 0.3503 0.00449 12.500 38.937
7.496 22.914

0.1090 0.01325 0.03975 0.0000 0.2961 0.00342 6.630 19.813

0.1050 0.01276 0.03829 0.0000 0.2852 0.00337 5.332 15.162

0.1041 0.0127 0.0380 0.0000 0.2827 0.00330 5.183 14.594

0.1004 0.0122 0.0366 0.0000 0.2726 0.00303 4.584 12.323






PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.078 0.052 0.146 0.529 0.013 466 481 163.232

0.084 0.056 0.131 0.526 0.013 466

0.071 0.042 0.126 0.530 0.012 469 484 163.232

0.052 0.026 0.115 0.529 0.013 469

0.051 0.024 0.114 0.000 0.531 0.013 471 484 163.232

0.049 0.022 0.113 0.535 0.013 473 488

0.048 0.022 0.113 0.000 0.534 0.013 473 488 163.232

0.043 0.018 0.114 0.000 0.529 0.013 469 488 163.232

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

0.078 0.052 0.146 0.529 0.013 466

0.084 0.056 0.131 0.526 0.013 466

0.076 0.045 0.135 0.567 0.013 502 518 163.232

0.052 0.026 0.115 0.529 0.013 469

0.052 0.025 0.117 0.000 0.547 0.013 485 518 163.232

0.052 0.024 0.121 0.573 0.013 507 523

0.051 0.023 0.120 0.000 0.564 0.013 500 518 163.232

0.043 0.018 0.114 0.000 0.529 0.013 469 518 163.232

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

2.627 1.758 4.939 17.872 0.407 15,738

2.387 1.474 4.423 17.765 0.407 15,774

1.969 1.071 4.060 17.860 0.409 15,867 16,369 5204.562

1.616 0.762 3.880 17.857 0.409 15,869

1.555 0.709 3.873 0.000 17.856 0.409 15,867 16,369 5204.562

1.463 0.629 3.864 17.854 0.409 15,863

1.455 0.621 3.864 0.000 17.853 0.409 15,863 16,369 5204.562

1.422 0.591 3.864 0.000 17.852 0.409 15,864 16,369 5204.562

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy
2.473 1.655 4.649 16.820 0.383 14,812

2.247 1.388 4.162 16.720 0.383 14,846

1.981 1.089 4.008 16.824 0.360 14,916 15,381 5191.643

1.521 0.717 3.651 16.807 0.385 14,936

1.508 0.696 3.628 0.000 16.888 0.376 14,985 15,456 5191.643

1.488 0.664 3.592 17.010 0.363 15,058 15,528

1.458 0.643 3.601 0.000 16.968 0.367 15,033 15,503 5191.643

1.339 0.556 3.637 0.000 16.802 0.385 14,931 15,403 5191.643

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

1.545 1.034 2.906 10.513 0.239 9,257

1.404 0.867 2.601 10.450 0.239 9,279

1.238 0.680 2.505 10.515 0.225 9,323 9,613 3244.777

0.951 0.448 2.282 10.504 0.241 9,335

0.943 0.435 2.267 0.000 10.555 0.235 9,365 9,660 3244.777

0.930 0.415 2.245 10.631 0.227 9,411 9,705

0.911 0.402 2.251 0.000 10.605 0.230 9,396 9,689 3244.777

0.837 0.348 2.273 0.000 10.501 0.241 9,332 9,627 3244.777

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

1.159 0.776 2.179 7.885 0.179 6,943

1.053 0.650 1.951 7.837 0.179 6,959

0.929 0.510 1.879 7.886 0.169 6,992 7,210 2433.583

0.713 0.336 1.712 7.878 0.180 7,001

0.707 0.326 1.700 0.000 7.916 0.176 7,024 7,245 2433.583

0.698 0.311 1.684 7.973 0.170 7,059 7,279

0.684 0.301 1.688 0.000 7.954 0.172 7,047 7,267 2433.583

0.628 0.261 1.705 0.000 7.876 0.180 6,999 7,220 2433.583

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

4.347 2.909 8.172 29.567 0.673 26,037

3.950 2.439 7.317 29.390 0.673 26,096

3.483 1.914 7.046 29.574 0.633 26,220 27,037 9125.935
2.674 1.261 6.418 29.543 0.677 26,254

2.651 1.224 6.377 0.000 29.686 0.661 26,340 27,169 9125.935

2.616 1.168 6.314 29.900 0.638 26,470 27,295

2.563 1.130 6.330 0.000 29.827 0.646 26,425 27,251 9125.935

2.353 0.978 6.393 0.000 29.534 0.677 26,246 27,076 9125.935






International Sugarcane Ethanol Production Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - 

Sugarcane Production & Transport per mmBtu Fuel

NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

1990

1995

313.600 5497 2000

2005

313.600 5497 2010 733.115

2015

313.600 5497 2017 733.115 0.000 0.000

2020

313.600 5497 2022 733.115 0.000 0.000

2025

313.600 5497 2030 733.115 0.000 0.000

Sugarcane Ethanol Production & Transport to the U.S. per mm

NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005

313.600 5497 2010 57.395

2015

313.600 5497 2017 57.395 0.000 0.000

2020

313.600 5497 2022 57.395 0.000 0.000

2025

313.600 5497 2030 57.395 0.000 0.000

NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

10021.102 179401

10021.102 179401

10021.102 179401

10021.102 179401

NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
9974.148 174821

9974.148 174821

9974.148 174821

9974.148 174821

NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

6233.843 109263

6233.843 109263

6233.843 109263

6233.843 109263

NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

4675 81947.284

4675 81947.284

4675 81947.284

4675 81947.284

NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

17533 307302
17533 307302

17533 307302

17533 307302






ssions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams/mmBtu, Energy - Btu per mmBtu

er mmBtu Fuel

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

9570.472 300.632 814.060

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9570.472 300.632 814.060

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9570.472 300.632 814.060

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9570.472 300.632 814.060

nsport to the U.S. per mmBtu Fuel

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

94.164 142.507 107.537

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 94.164 142.507 107.537

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 94.164 142.507 107.537

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 94.164 142.507 107.537








PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

407.044 51.560 292.337 20.535 8,182 20,687 13,063 43,248

407.044 51.560 0.000 292.337 20.535 8,182 20,687 13,063 43,248

407.044 51.560 0.000 292.337 20.535 8,182 20,687 13,063 43,248

407.044 51.560 0.000 292.337 20.535 8,182 20,687 13,063 43,248

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

50.508 35.271 37.851 4.661 2,696 4,936 29,247 -28,877

50.508 35.271 0.000 37.851 4.661 2,696 4,936 29,247 -28,877

50.508 35.271 0.000 37.851 4.661 2,696 4,936 29,247 -28,877

50.508 35.271 0.000 37.851 4.661 2,696 4,936 29,247 -28,877








Petroleum 

Energy

46,981

46,981

46,981

46,981

Petroleum 

Energy

34,864

34,864

34,864

34,864
Biomass Gasification to Fischer-Tropsch Diesel (BGFTD)

From GREET 1.8c [NG] using biomass feedstock with co-produced steam & elec

Total emissions: grams/mmBtu of fuel throughput

BGFTD

g/mmBTU g/gal

 VOC 0.000 0.0000

 CO 3.457 0.4275

 NOx 13.072 1.6166

 PM10 2.081 0.2574

 PM2.5 1.041 0.1287

 SOx 9.009 1.1141

 CH4: combustion 0.000 0.0000

 N2O 0.234 0.0289

 CO2 202,317 25,021 CO2 would be substantial, but we ignore it since it is renewable source, 

 CH4: leakage 0.0000

 VOC evaporation 0.0000

 Misc. Items 0.0000

BGFTD = Biomass Gasification to Fischer-Tropsch Diesel

VOC CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

0.0000 0.4275 1.6166 0.2574 0.1287 1.1141
ce it is renewable source, so no lifecycle CO2.

CH4: combustion N2O CO2 Misc. Items

0.0000 0.0289 0 0.0000
Fuel Transportation, Distribution, and Storage Emissions

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5

1990

1995

2000

2005 15.167 0.00011 0.00577 0.00075 0.0507 0.0000 0.0410 0.0000006 0.863 4.778 0.253 0.194

2010 15.153 0.00010 0.00541 0.00070 0.0288 0.0000 0.0385 0.0000006 0.807 4.373 0.236 0.178

2015 15.137 0.00009 0.00501 0.00065 0.0287 0.0000 0.0356 0.0000005 0.768 4.044 0.221 0.165

2017 15.131 0.00009 0.00486 0.00063 0.0286 0.0000 0.0346 0.0000005 0.761 3.931 0.217 0.162

2020 15.123 0.00009 0.00465 0.00060 0.0285 0.0000 0.0330 0.0000005 0.750 3.761 0.211 0.157

2022 15.120 0.00008 0.00459 0.00059 0.0285 0.0000 0.0326 0.0000005 0.748 3.691 0.209 0.155

2025

2030 15.111 0.00008 0.00434 0.00056 0.0284 0.0000 0.0309 0.0000005 0.741 3.409 0.201 0.148

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: Domestic Petro Fuel Prod (EF) page 266 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.985 0.665 0.012

0.907 0.668 0.012

0.887 0.669 0.012

0.887 0.000 0.669 0.012

0.886 0.668 0.012

0.886 0.000 0.668 0.012

0.886 0.000 0.668 0.012

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: Domestic Petro Fuel Prod (EF) page 267 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
Crude Oil Production Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Fini

International Conventional "Light" Crude Oil Production and Transport to the US

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005 3.737 0.0021 0.00027 0.00011 0.0385 0.0000 0.0061

2010 3.737 0.0021 0.00027 0.00011 0.0385 0.0000 0.0061

2015

2017 3.737 0.0021 0.00027 0.00011 0.0385 0.0000 0.0061

2020

2022 3.737 0.0021 0.00027 0.00011 0.0385 0.0000 0.0061

2025

2030 3.737 0.0021 0.00027 0.00011 0.0385 0.0000 0.0061

Bitumen/Tar Sands Production and Transport to the US (Canadian, Surface Mining)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005 4.278 0.0024 0.00031 0.00013 0.0441 0.0000 0.0070

2010 4.278 0.0024 0.00031 0.00013 0.0441 0.0000 0.0070

2015

2017 4.278 0.0024 0.00031 0.00013 0.0441 0.0000 0.0070

2020

2022 4.278 0.0024 0.00031 0.00013 0.0441 0.0000 0.0070

2025

2030 4.278 0.0024 0.00031 0.00013 0.0441 0.0000 0.0070

Bitumen/Tar Sands Production and Transport to the US (Canadian, In-Situ)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005 4.674 0.0026 0.00033 0.00014 0.0481 0.0000 0.0076

2010 4.674 0.0026 0.00033 0.00014 0.0481 0.0000 0.0076

2015

2017 4.674 0.0026 0.00033 0.00014 0.0481 0.0000 0.0076

2020

2022 4.674 0.0026 0.00033 0.00014 0.0481 0.0000 0.0076

2025

2030 4.674 0.0026 0.00033 0.00014 0.0481 0.0000 0.0076

Extra Heavy Crude Oil/Syncrude (Venezuelan) Factor increase over "light" crude = 

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990
1995

2000

2005 8.951 0.0049 0.00064 0.00027 0.0922 0.0000 0.0146

2010 8.951 0.0049 0.00064 0.00027 0.0922 0.0000 0.0146

2015

2017 8.951 0.0049 0.00064 0.00027 0.0922 0.0000 0.0146

2020

2022 8.951 0.0049 0.00064 0.00027 0.0922 0.0000 0.0146

2025

2030 8.951 0.0049 0.00064 0.00027 0.0922 0.0000 0.0146

Heavy Oil (Domestic or International, API <= 22) Factor increase over "light" crude = 

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005 4.014 0.0022 0.00029 0.00012 0.0413 0.0000 0.0066

2010 4.014 0.0022 0.00029 0.00012 0.0413 0.0000 0.0066

2015

2017 4.014 0.0022 0.00029 0.00012 0.0413 0.0000 0.0066

2020

2022 4.014 0.0022 0.00029 0.00012 0.0413 0.0000 0.0066

2025

2030 4.014 0.0022 0.00029 0.00012 0.0413 0.0000 0.0066

Weighted Average Crude (using international Displaced fuel crude type weightings from [Inputs_Vol]

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017

2020

2022 0.000 0.0000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

2025

2030 0.000 0.0000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Finished Fuel 

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.0020 7.678 31.417 2.111 1.021 11.596 91.503 0.081 4,123

0.0020 7.678 31.417 2.111 1.021 11.596 91.503 0.081 4,123

0.0020 7.678 31.417 2.111 1.021 11.596 0.000 91.503 0.081 4,123

0.0020 7.678 31.417 2.111 1.021 11.596 0.000 91.503 0.081 4,123

0.0020 7.678 31.417 2.111 1.021 11.596 0.000 91.503 0.081 4,123

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.0045 6.823 24.003 4.831 2.354 9.827 102.846 0.164 15,041

0.0045 6.823 24.003 4.831 2.354 9.827 102.846 0.164 15,041

0.0045 6.823 24.003 4.831 2.354 9.827 0.000 102.846 0.164 15,041

0.0045 6.823 24.003 4.831 2.354 9.827 0.000 102.846 0.164 15,041

0.0045 6.823 24.003 4.831 2.354 9.827 0.000 102.846 0.164 15,041

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.0032 8.647 30.813 3.395 1.843 8.272 118.552 0.293 18,203

0.0032 8.647 30.813 3.395 1.843 8.272 118.552 0.293 18,203

0.0032 8.647 30.813 3.395 1.843 8.272 0.000 118.552 0.293 18,203

0.0032 8.647 30.813 3.395 1.843 8.272 0.000 118.552 0.293 18,203

0.0032 8.647 30.813 3.395 1.843 8.272 0.000 118.552 0.293 18,203

2.40

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2
0.0047 18.391 75.249 5.057 2.445 27.774 219.164 0.194 9,876

0.0047 18.391 75.249 5.057 2.445 27.774 219.164 0.194 9,876

0.0047 18.391 75.249 5.057 2.445 27.774 0.000 219.164 0.194 9,876

0.0047 18.391 75.249 5.057 2.445 27.774 0.000 219.164 0.194 9,876

0.0047 18.391 75.249 5.057 2.445 27.774 0.000 219.164 0.194 9,876

1.07

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.0021 8.248 33.748 2.268 1.096 12.456 98.292 0.087 4,429

0.0021 8.248 33.748 2.268 1.096 12.456 98.292 0.087 4,429

0.0021 8.248 33.748 2.268 1.096 12.456 0.000 98.292 0.087 4,429

0.0021 8.248 33.748 2.268 1.096 12.456 0.000 98.292 0.087 4,429

0.0021 8.248 33.748 2.268 1.096 12.456 0.000 98.292 0.087 4,429

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0

0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0

Conventional Gasoline Production Emissions / Energy Use

Refinery Energy Use Upstream Emissions

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

6,070 7,186 17,761 15,506 2005 0.602 0.00033

6,070 7,186 17,761 15,506 2010 0.602 0.00033

2015

6,070 7,186 17,761 15,506 2017 0.602 0.00033

2020

6,070 7,186 17,761 15,506 2022 0.602 0.00033

2025

6,070 7,186 17,761 15,506 2030 0.602 0.00033

Refinery On-Site Emissions

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

17,251 18,598 114,287 12,159 2005 2.560 0.00141

17,251 18,598 114,287 12,159 2010 2.560 0.00141

2015

17,251 18,598 114,287 12,159 2017 2.560 0.00141

2020

17,251 18,598 114,287 12,159 2022 2.560 0.00141

2025

17,251 18,598 114,287 12,159 2030 2.560 0.00141

Fuel Transportation, Distribution, and Storage 

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

20,783 11,524 233,098 11,575 2005 15.167 0.00011

20,783 11,524 233,098 11,575 2010 15.153 0.00010

2015 15.137 0.00009

20,783 11,524 233,098 11,575 2017 15.131 0.00009

2020 15.123 0.00009

20,783 11,524 233,098 11,575 2022 15.120 0.00008

2025

20,783 11,524 233,098 11,575 2030 15.111 0.00008

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy
14,539 17,212 42,540 37,140

14,539 17,212 42,540 37,140

14,539 17,212 42,540 37,140

14,539 17,212 42,540 37,140

14,539 17,212 42,540 37,140

Total Well-to-Tank Emissions

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene

1990

1995

2000

6,520 7,719 19,078 16,657 2005 22.066 0.0039

6,520 7,719 19,078 16,657 2010

2015

6,520 7,719 19,078 16,657 2017

2020

6,520 7,719 19,078 16,657 2022 22.350 0.0041

2025

6,520 7,719 19,078 16,657 2030

CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

duction Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Finished Fuel 

 Upstream Emissions

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO

0.00004 0.00002 0.0062 0.0000 0.0010 0.0052 0.928

0.00004 0.00002 0.0062 0.0000 0.0010 0.0052 0.928

0.00004 0.00002 0.0062 0.0000 0.0010 0.0052 0.928

0.00004 0.00002 0.0062 0.0000 0.0010 0.0052 0.928

0.00004 0.00002 0.0062 0.0000 0.0010 0.0052 0.928

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO

0.00018 0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0029 5.596

0.00018 0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0029 5.596

0.00018 0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0029 5.596

0.00018 0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0029 5.596

0.00018 0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0029 5.596

 Distribution, and Storage Emissions

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO

0.00577 0.00075 0.0507 0.0000 0.0410 0.0000006 0.863

0.00541 0.00070 0.0288 0.0000 0.0385 0.0000006 0.807

0.00501 0.00065 0.0287 0.0000 0.0356 0.0000005 0.768

0.00486 0.00063 0.0286 0.0000 0.0346 0.0000005 0.761

0.00465 0.00060 0.0285 0.0000 0.0330 0.0000005 0.750

0.00459 0.00059 0.0285 0.0000 0.0326 0.0000005 0.748

0.00434 0.00056 0.0284 0.0000 0.0309 0.0000005 0.741
Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO

0.0063 0.0010 0.1218 0.0000 0.0523 0.0100 15.066

0.0051 0.0008 0.1030 0.0000 0.0444 0.0103 15.521

tu of Finished Fuel 

NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

3.328 5.599 1.442 4.398 12.520 0.022 1,533 1,803

3.328 5.599 1.442 4.398 12.520 0.022 1,533 1,803

3.328 5.599 1.442 4.398 0.000 12.520 0.022 1,533 1,803

3.328 5.599 1.442 4.398 0.000 12.520 0.022 1,533 1,803

3.328 5.599 1.442 4.398 0.000 12.520 0.022 1,533 1,803

NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

14.442 3.084 1.789 9.678 0.299 0.155 10,191 10,245

14.442 3.084 1.789 9.678 0.299 0.155 10,191 10,245

14.442 3.084 1.789 9.678 0.000 0.299 0.155 10,191 10,245

14.442 3.084 1.789 9.678 0.000 0.299 0.155 10,191 10,245

14.442 3.084 1.789 9.678 0.000 0.299 0.155 10,191 10,245

NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

4.778 0.253 0.194 0.985 0.000 0.670 0.011 540 557

4.373 0.236 0.178 0.907 0.000 0.670 0.011 540 557

4.044 0.221 0.165 0.887 0.000

3.931 0.217 0.162 0.887 0.000 0.670 0.011 540 557

3.761 0.211 0.157 0.886 0.000

3.691 0.209 0.155 0.886 0.000 0.670 0.011 540 557

3.409 0.201 0.148 0.886 0.000 0.670 0.011 540 557
NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

53.965 11.047 4.445 26.657 0.000 104.992 0.269 16,387 18,675

54.886 11.310 4.564 27.218 0.000 113.186 0.286 17,640 20,106

RFG Blendstock Gasoline Production Emissions / Energy Use: Emissio

Refinery Energy Use Upstream Emissions

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

0 0 0 2005 0.627 0.00034 0.00004

2010 0.627 0.00034 0.00004

2015

0 0 0 2017 0.627 0.00034 0.00004

2020

0 0 0 2022 0.627 0.00034 0.00004

2025

0 0 0 2030 0.627 0.00034 0.00004

Refinery On-Site Emissions

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

32,979 64,618 88,852 2005 2.584 0.00141 0.00018

32,979 64,618 88,852 2010 2.584 0.00141 0.00018

2015

32,979 64,618 88,852 2017 2.584 0.00141 0.00018

2020

32,979 64,618 88,852 2022 2.584 0.00141 0.00018

2025

32,979 64,618 88,852 2030 2.584 0.00141 0.00018

Fuel Transportation, Distribution, and Storage Emission

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

313 805 5,671 2005 15.167 0.00011 0.00577

313 805 5,671 2010 15.158 0.00010 0.00554

2015 15.137 0.00009 0.00501

313 805 5,671 2017 15.133 0.00009 0.00491

2020 15.128 0.00009 0.00478

313 805 5,671 2022 15.125 0.00009 0.00471

2025

313 805 5,671 2030 15.115 0.00008 0.00444
Total Well-to-Tank Emissions

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde

1990

1995

2000

40,478 83,184 110,029 2005 22.115 0.0039 0.0063

2010

2015

2017

2020

41,606 96,342 110,894 2022 22.404 0.0041 0.0052

2025

2030

sions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Finished Fuel 

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

0.00002 0.0064 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.908 3.288 5.779

0.00002 0.0064 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.908 3.288 5.779

0.00002 0.0064 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.908 3.288 5.779

0.00002 0.0064 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.908 3.288 5.779

0.00002 0.0064 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.908 3.288 5.779

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 5.662 14.575 3.181

0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 5.662 14.575 3.181

0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 5.662 14.575 3.181

0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 5.662 14.575 3.181

0.00008 0.0264 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 5.662 14.575 3.181

and Storage Emissions

Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

0.00075 0.0507 0.0000 0.0410 0.0000006 0.863 4.778 0.253

0.00072 0.0288 0.0000 0.0394 0.0000006 0.828 4.486 0.241

0.00065 0.0287 0.0000 0.0356 0.0000005 0.768 4.044 0.221

0.00064 0.0286 0.0000 0.0349 0.0000005 0.769 3.970 0.219

0.00062 0.0286 0.0000 0.0339 0.0000005 0.770 3.858 0.216

0.00061 0.0286 0.0000 0.0335 0.0000005 0.768 3.786 0.214

0.00058 0.0285 0.0000 0.0316 0.0000005 0.759 3.497 0.206
Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10

0.0010 0.1220 0.0000 0.0523 0.0020 15.112 54.057 11.325

0.0008 0.1032 0.0000 0.0453 0.0022 15.586 55.073 11.593

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

1.487 4.422 13.103 0.023 1,604 1,887

1.487 4.422 13.103 0.023 1,604 1,887

1.487 4.422 0.000 13.103 0.023 1,604 1,887 0 0

1.487 4.422 0.000 13.103 0.023 1,604 1,887 0 0

1.487 4.422 0.000 13.103 0.023 1,604 1,887 0 0

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

1.838 9.922 0.313 0.162 10,658 10,715 34,073 60,564

1.838 9.922 0.313 0.162 10,658 10,715 34,073 60,564

1.838 9.922 0.000 0.313 0.162 10,658 10,715 34,073 60,564

1.838 9.922 0.000 0.313 0.162 10,658 10,715 34,073 60,564

1.838 9.922 0.000 0.313 0.162 10,658 10,715 34,073 60,564

PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

0.194 0.985 0.000 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826

0.184 0.930 0.000 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826

0.165 0.887 0.000

0.163 0.896 0.000 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826

0.161 0.909 0.000

0.159 0.909 0.000 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826

0.152 0.909 0.000 0.688 0.012 553 571 321 826
PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

4.539 26.925 0.000 105.607 0.278 16,939 19,243 41,579 79,150

4.661 27.509 0.000 113.801 0.295 18,193 20,674 42,707 92,308

Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Production Emissions / Energy Use: Emissions - grams per mmBtu of Fin

Refinery Energy Use Upstream Emissions

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

1990

1995

2000

2005 0.552 0.00031 0.00004 0.00002 0.0058

2010 0.552 0.00031 0.00004 0.00002 0.0058

2015

0 2017 0.552 0.00031 0.00004 0.00002 0.0058

2020

0 2022 0.552 0.00031 0.00004 0.00002 0.0058

2025

0 2030 0.552 0.00031 0.00004 0.00002 0.0058

Refinery On-Site Emissions

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

1990

1995

2000

92,516 2005 2.511 0.00141 0.00018 0.00008 0.0264

92,516 2010 2.511 0.00141 0.00018 0.00008 0.0264

2015

92,516 2017 2.511 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026

2020

92,516 2022 2.511 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026

2025

92,516 2030 2.511 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026

Fuel Transportation, Distribution, and Storage Emissions

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

1990

1995

2000

5,776 2005 1.310 0.0001 0.0057 0.0007 0.0019

5,776 2010 1.296 0.0001 0.0053 0.0007 0.0018

2015 1.278 0.0001 0.0049 0.0006 0.0016

5,776 2017 1.272 0.0001 0.0047 0.0006 0.0016

2020 1.264 0.0001 0.0045 0.0006 0.0015

5,776 2022 1.261 0.0001 0.0044 0.0006 0.0015

2025

5,776 2030 1.250 0.0001 0.0042 0.0005 0.0014
Total Well-to-Tank Emissions

Petroleum 

Energy

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

1990

1995

2000

113,797 2005 8.110 0.004 0.006 0.001 0.073

2010

2015

2017

2020

114,662 2022 8.392 0.004 0.005 0.001 0.076

2025

2030

ions - grams per mmBtu of Finished Fuel, Energy - Btu per mmBtu of Finished Fuel 

Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

0.0000 0.0009 0.0051 0.800 2.895 5.088 1.309 3.893

0.0000 0.0009 0.0051 0.800 2.895 5.088 1.309 3.893

0.0000 0.0009 0.0051 0.800 2.895 5.088 1.309 3.893

0.0000 0.0009 0.0051 0.800 2.895 5.088 1.309 3.893

0.0000 0.0009 0.0051 0.800 2.895 5.088 1.309 3.893

Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

0.0000 0.0042 0.0029 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187

0.0000 0.0042 0.0029 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187

0.000 0.004 0.003 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187

0.000 0.004 0.003 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187

0.000 0.004 0.003 5.103 12.972 2.834 1.635 9.187

Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

0.0000 0.0405 0.0000134 0.907 4.790 0.237 0.179 0.944

0.0000 0.0379 0.0000133 0.846 4.351 0.218 0.161 0.863

0.0000 0.0347 0.803 3.981 0.200 0.146 0.842

0.0000 0.0337 0.0000133 0.795 3.850 0.196 0.142 0.841

0.0000 0.0321 0.782 3.653 0.189 0.136 0.840

0.0000 0.0316 0.0000132 0.780 3.570 0.187 0.133 0.840

0.0000 0.0296 0.0000132 0.770 3.239 0.177 0.124 0.840
Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx

0.000 0.052 0.010 14.489 52.073 10.270 4.143 25.620

0.000 0.043 0.010 14.931 52.861 10.527 4.254 26.177

NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

10.688 0.019 1,308 1,539 0 0 0

10.688 0.019 1,308 1,539

0.000 10.688 0.019 1,308 1,539 0 0 0

0.000 10.688 0.019 1,308 1,539 0 0 0

0.000 10.688 0.019 1,308 1,539 0 0 0

NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.255 0.132 8,719 8,765 29,999 53,322 81,454

0.255 0.132 8,719 8,765 29,999 53,322 81,454

0.000 0.255 0.132 8,719 8,765 29,999 53,322 81,454

0.000 0.255 0.132 8,719 8,765 29,999 53,322 81,454

0.000 0.255 0.132 8,719 8,765 29,999 53,322 81,454

NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.000 0.692 0.012 498 516 323 832 5,055

0.000 0.692 0.012 498 516 323 832 5,055

0.000

0.000 0.692 0.012 498 516 323 832 5,055

0.000

0.000 0.692 0.012 498 516 323 832 5,055

0.000 0.692 0.012 498 516 323 832 5,055
NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy

NG 

Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.000 103.138 0.244 14,649 16,891 37,508 71,915 102,015

0.000 111.332 0.261 15,903 18,321 38,635 85,073 102,880
2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Policy minus Reference Case)

On-Farm Combustion Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Diesel fuel 228.436 0.425 12.125 0.693 4.647 0.000 26.991

Gasoline 287.927 1.536 1.323 0.112 9.641 0.000 2.570

Natural Gas -0.810 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 515.553 1.961 13.448 0.804 14.288 0.000 29.561

Fuel Production Upstream Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Diesel fuel 61.168 0.027 0.0367 0.0058 0.5091 0.000 0.316

Gasoline 18.526 0.003 0.0043 0.0007 0.0844 0.000 0.037

Natural Gas -0.113 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000

Electricity 0.323 0.000 0.0006 0.0002 0.0008 0.000 0.001

Total 79.903 0.031 0.0415 0.0067 0.5943 0.000 0.354

Farm Chemical Production / Transport Upstream Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Nitrogen as N 2279.342 0.000 0.0149 0.0076 0.0000 0.000 17.134

Phosphorous as P2O 94.272 0.000 0.0005 0.0003 0.0000 0.000 0.608

Potasium as K2O 29.667 0.000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.000 0.140

Limestone as CaCO3 16.260 0.000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.000 0.119

Herbicide -1.299 0.000 -0.0001 0.0000 -0.0026 0.000 -0.015

Pesticide -0.855 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0017 0.000 -0.010

Total 2417.387 -0.001 0.0155 0.0079 -0.0044 0.000 17.977

On-Farm Non-Combustion Non-GHG Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Fugutive Dust & Field Burning0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Herbicide Application

Pesticide Application -614.428 0.000 0.000 -4.055 -160.673 0.000 0.000

Fertilizer App NH3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Livestock PM & NH3

Total -614.428 0.000 0.000 -4.055 -160.673 0.000 0.000

On-Farm Non-combustion GHG Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Land Use Change

Livestock Changes

Fertilizer Application

Residue Burning

Rice Cultivation

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Total Domestic Agricultural Sector Emissions

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Total 2398.416 1.991 13.506 -3.236 -145.795 0.000 47.892

Carbon Uptake from Biofuel Feedstock Crops

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VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Ethanol

Bio-Butanol

Biodiesel

Renewable Diesel

Total

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Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.204 972.62 2287.906 157.937 153.199 3.276 5.079 4.282 6.254

0.534 8152.96 165.118 6.064 5.579 12.860 0.817 1.925 0.813

0.000 -6.75 -19.697 -0.109 -0.109 -0.005 0.000 -6.606 -0.027

0.737 9118.84 2433.326 163.892 158.669 16.130 5.896 -0.399 7.040

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.0408 105.40 358.075 77.578 30.964 178.452 0.000 755.191 1.744

0.0085 12.29 41.769 9.337 3.724 20.843 0.000 85.927 0.215

0.0000 -0.15 -0.442 -0.017 -0.010 -0.228 0.000 -3.516 -0.002

0.0000 1.04 3.434 5.063 1.331 7.070 0.000 4.579 0.060

0.0493 118.58 402.837 91.961 36.010 206.137 0.000 842.181 2.017

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.0269 2142.97 1325.486 374.642 216.503 580.134 0.000 1975.778 1112.010

0.0459 310.46 1761.317 609.138 399.847 ######## 0.000 575.002 5.956

0.0075 94.26 534.737 107.829 54.293 234.127 0.000 588.546 6.036

0.0111 53.36 163.982 144.859 47.689 200.646 0.000 216.279 2.020

-0.0944 -4.47 -15.973 -8.938 -4.015 -9.318 0.000 -20.892 -0.349

-0.0520 -2.88 -9.070 -4.926 -2.298 -5.408 0.000 -12.610 -0.211

-0.0549 2593.70 3760.479 1222.604 712.019 ######## 0.000 3322.104 1125.462

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.000 0.00 0.000 55181.626 8276.839 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 47418.426

-147.984 -14.798 1284.901

0.000 0.00 0.000 55033.642 8262.041 0.000 48703.327 0.000 0.000

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

-94752.643

6322.726

7732.210

0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -87020.433 6322.726

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.732 11831.12 6596.641 56512.099 9168.739 ######## 48709.223 -82856.547 7457.245

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Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

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CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

536,566 538,594 0 0 6,797,363

56,719 57,011 0 0 736,229

-1,053 -1,200 0 -17,907 0

592,232 594,405 0 -17,907 7,533,591

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

106,623 123,022 262,169 577,691 682,779

13,215 15,086 31,600 73,220 81,974

-94 -168 -43 -1,160 -77

3,390 3,505 25,904 8,440 993

123,133 141,444 319,630 658,191 765,669

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1,660,036 2,046,251 1,925,159 27,714,702 1,256,242

319,367 333,288 901,069 1,978,339 1,247,570

398,940 413,170 1,807,438 1,414,339 1,474,802

247,170 252,338 706,978 548,978 423,780

-13,969 -14,515 -35,732 -50,320 -86,019

-8,314 -8,644 -22,777 -30,238 -51,185

2,603,230 3,021,888 5,282,133 31,575,801 4,265,190

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

-3,139,559 -3,139,559

-1,989,806

1,960,045

18,122 18,122

162,376

-3,121,437 -2,988,821 0 0 0

CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

197,158 768,916 5,601,763 32,216,085 12,564,450

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CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

-42,212,793 -42,212,793

0 0

-12,332,057 -12,332,057

-1,345,633 -1,345,633

-55,890,484 -55,890,484

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2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Policy minus Reference Case)

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene AcetaldehydeAcrolein Benzene Ethanol FormaldehydeNaphthalene

Corn Used for Ethanol 8.58E+01 5.23E-02 2.47E+00 3.00E-01 9.00E-01 0.00E+00 6.71E+00 6.78E-02

Soybeans / Oil Used for Fuel 4.44E+01 2.71E-02 1.28E+00 1.55E-01 4.66E-01 0.00E+00 3.47E+00 3.51E-02

DDGS Produced 1.23E+01 7.52E-03 3.55E-01 4.32E-02 1.30E-01 0.00E+00 9.65E-01 1.07E-02

Cellulosic Feedstock 2.13E+02 1.30E-01 6.14E+00 7.46E-01 2.24E+00 0.00E+00 1.67E+01 1.95E-01

B&CTL Feedstock 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Total 355 0.22 10.24 1.24 3.73 0.00 27.80 0.31

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CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Coal 

Energy NG Energy

1.21E+02 3.49E+02 5.26E+01 2.38E+01 1.25E+02 0.00E+00 5.34E+02 1.27E+01 472771 487911 163297 313725

6.28E+01 1.81E+02 2.72E+01 1.23E+01 6.44E+01 0.00E+00 2.76E+02 6.54E+00 244505 252334 79881 153466

1.82E+01 5.08E+01 8.29E+00 3.54E+00 2.20E+01 0.00E+00 9.24E+01 2.12E+00 82121 84718 26943 51877

3.05E+02 8.60E+02 1.51E+02 6.66E+01 3.73E+02 0.00E+00 1.60E+03 3.46E+01 1415780 1460066 488945 939357

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0 0 0 0

508 1,440 239 106 584 0 2,501 56 2,215,177 2,285,028 759,065 1,458,425

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Petroleum 

Energy

5498788

2689864

928713

16464486

0

25,581,851

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Plant Energy Balance (Btu/gal Produced) Bgal

NG Use Coal Use

Biomass 

Use

Diesel 

Fuel Use

Purchased 

Elec

Sold 

Elec

Other Inputs 

(BTU/gal or 

kg/gal)

Referenc

e Case Policy Case Difference

 - Plant with NG (dry DDGS) 25,672 2,165 4.2 5.2 1.04

 - Plant with NG (wet DGS) 16,320 2,165 2.5 3.1 0.61

 - Integrated Biogas System (dry DGS) for GHGs include "Other Inputs" 27,265 231 -15,806 0.9 1.2 0.23

 - Integrated Biogas System (wet DGS) for GHGs include "Other Inputs" 17,333 231 -10,048 0.6 0.7 0.14

 - Plant with coal (dry DDGS) 34,773 231 0.3 0.3 0.07

 - Plant with coal (wet DGS) 22,106 231 0.16 0.20 0.04

 - Plant with biomass (wood chips, etc.) (dry DDGS) 33,147 1,679 1.45 1.81 0.36

 - Plant with biomass (wood chips, etc.) (wet DGS) 21,072 1,679 0.85 1.06 0.21

 - Plant with NG 45,950 0.0 0.02 0.02

 - Plant with coal 45,950 1.4 1.4 0.00

 - Plant with biomass 45,950 0.0 0.0 0.00

 - Switchgrass feedstock & lignin used as fuel 61,001 -12,249 0.0 1.47 1.47

 - Corn stover feedstock & lignin used as fuel 61,001 -12,249 0.25 0.97 0.72

 - Forest waste feedstock & lignin used as fuel 58,715 -3,907 0.0 0.03 0.03

 - Farmed trees feedstock & lignin used as fuel 102,734 337 -3,907 0.0 0.00 0.00

 - Switchgrass feedstock 90,935 177 0.0 1.47 1.47

 - Corn stover feedstock 90,935 177 0.0 0.97 0.97

 - Forest waste feedstock 90,935 177 0.0 0.03 0.03

 - Farmed trees feedstock 0.0 0.00 0.00

Butanol - Corn Fermentation 43,537 4,837 0.0 0.0 0.0

Biodiesel - Virgin Vegetable Oil (e.g., soybean oil) 18,915 3,257 0.383 0.37 0.66 0.29

 - Fuel, Oil, Grease (FOG) 21,983 704 0.423 0.01 0.23 0.22

 - Fuel-Grade Corn Oil 21,983 704 0.423 0.00 0.68 0.68

 - Algae (no Camelina) 50/50 open pond/PBR 4,383 9,626 0.383 0.00 0.10 0.10

Renewable Diesel - CoPro: Yellow grease / tallow (or soy oil) feedstock 14,532 3,578 9,796 0.00 0.00 0.00

 - Non-CoPro: Yellow grease / tallow (or soy oil) feedstock 210 16 9,796 0.00 0.15 0.15

Cellulosic Diesel - BTL (F-T dsl) 168,220 327 17 0.00 1.96 1.96

 - Other 168,220 327 17 0.00 4.56 4.56

0.000125962

Corn Ethanol Total = 12.3 15.0 2.7

Cellulosic Ethanol Total = 0.2 4.9 4.7

Butanol Total = 0.0 0.0 0.0

Biodiesel Total = 0.38 1.67 1.29

Renewable Diesel Total = 0.00 0.15 0.15

Cellulosic Ethanol – 

Enzymatic

Corn Ethanol – Dry 

Mill

Cellulosic Ethanol – 

Thermochemical

Corn Ethanol – Wet 

Mill

charvey: 10/2/09

NREL 2022 scenario 92.3 gal/ton & 

GREET 14,075,990 BTU/ton & 

GREET 40% biomass combusted. 

charvey: 11/4/09

Assume all algae using NREL 11/10/09 revison 2 agressive open 

pond, which only uses electricity for algae oil production, but 

assume same transesterification energy as soy oil. If needed, 

approximate camelina with soy energy use, per Aron Butler, 

10/2/09. 

charvey:

Per Aron Butler, 8/26/09, approximate 

Corn Oil with FOG energy use.

charvey: 10/21/09

From NREL FTdsl 2022 scenario 43.3 gal/ton. 

GREET: 13,243,490 btu/ton forest waste & 55% 

biomass combusted (GREET says just 20% for 

2020 and later, but NREL says that's unrealistic 

until ~2050). Co-produced Naphtha is credited in 

[Inputs_Vol] as gasoline. 

charvey: 8/31/09

Unused, Left over from GREET

charvey:

Lacking other data, just use NREL FT-dsl values 

for both BTL and other cellulosic diesel.

charvey: 10/21/09 New NREL rept says 80.1 gal 

ethanol/dry ton. GREET: 13,243,490 btu/ton forest 

waste & 55% biomass combusted (GREET says just 

20% for 2020 and later, but NREL says that's unrealistic 

until ~2050).

charvey: Updated per 10/1/09 

NREL email: 10 gal/hr * 130,000 

BTU/gal * 8406 hr/yr / 61,900,000 

gal ethanol per year 

charvey:

What's this 0.423?? (from 

nprm)

charvey: Assume all renewable 

is non-coPro yellow grease/tallow 

as in NPRM.

charvey: 

Updated per 10/1/09 NREL email: 10 

gal/hr * 130,000 BTU/gal * 8406 hr/yr / 

33,400,000 gal FT dsl per year. 

charvey: 11/4/09 

1st term is transesterification elec 

same as soy oil, 2nd term is NREL 

algae oil production open pond, 

kwh/gal * BTU/kwh.

charvey: 11/30/09

From NREL 2022 (farmed 

trees/hardwoods)

101.5 gal/ton & 45% biomass 

combusted; 13,243,490 BTU/ton 

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: Domestic Biofuel Prod Diff page 309 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
Change volumes in Fuel Volumes sheet

2022

For Domestic Use

Referen

ce Case

Policy

Case

Corn Ethanol bgal 12.29 15.00

Cellulosic Ethanol bgal 0.25 4.92

Biodiesel bgal 0.00 0.00

Renewable Diesel bgal 0.38 1.67

Imported Ethanol bgal 0.64 2.24

Cellulosic Diesel bgal 0.00 6.52

Transportation Mode Assumptions

Miles (One-way)

Corn Ethanol Corn Ethanol

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck to 

Terminal

2005 532 600 1,004 93 7.1

2010 608 600 862 88 6.9

2015 608 600 862 88 6.9

2017 336 600 629 68 6.5

2020 336 600 629 68 6.5

2022 336 600 629 68 6.5

2025 336 600 629 68 6.5

2030 336 600 629 68 6.5

Cellulosic Ethanol Cellulosic Ethanol

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

Truck to 

Terminal

2005 532 600 1,004 93 7.1

2010 608 600 862 88 6.9

2015 608 600 862 88 6.9

2017 336 600 629 68 6.5

2020 336 600 629 68 6.5

2022 336 600 629 68 6.5

2025 336 600 629 68 6.5

2030 336 600 629 68 6.5

Biodiesel Biodiesel

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

Truck to 

Terminal

2005 520 400 800 50

2010 520 400 800 50

2015 520 400 800 50

2017 520 400 800 50

2020 520 400 800 50

2022 520 400 800 50

2025 520 400 800 50

2030 520 400 800 50
Renewable Diesel Renewable Diesel

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

Truck to 

Terminal

2005 520 400 800 50

2010 520 400 800 50

2015 520 400 800 50

2017 520 400 800 50

2020 520 400 800 50

2022 520 400 800 50

2025 520 400 800 50

2030 520 400 800 50

Imported Ethanol (U.S. transport only) Imported Ethanol (U.S. transport only)

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

Truck to 

Terminal

2005 532 600 1,004 93 7.1

2010 608 600 862 88 6.9

2015 608 600 862 88 6.9

2017 336 600 629 68 6.5

2020 336 600 629 68 6.5

2022 336 600 629 68 6.5

2025 336 600 629 68 6.5

2030 336 600 629 68 6.5

Cellulosic Diesel, set modes & distances same as cellulosic ethanol

 Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck 

Truck to 

Terminal

2005 532 600 1,004 93 7.1

2010 608 600 862 88 6.9

2015 608 600 862 88 6.9

2017 336 600 629 68 6.5

2020 336 600 629 68 6.5

2022 336 600 629 68 6.5

2025 336 600 629 68 6.5

2030 336 600 629 68 6.5

Energy Consumption and Emissions of Feedstock and Fuel Transportation 

Feedstock/Fuel Transportation ModeDistance (Miles, one-way) Energy Consumption: Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported Total energy Fossil energy Coal Natural gas

Barge 520 17,472 17,438 268 555

Pipeline 600 7,843 7,700 740 1,095

Rail 800 15,082 15,041 411 790

Truck 100 10,472 10,443 285 548

Truck 30 3,142 3,133 86 164

Barge 520 12,554 12,530 193 399

Imported Ethanol (U.S. 

Transport Only)
Pipeline 400 3,756 3,688 354 997

Rail 800 10,832 10,802 295 567

Truck 50 4,117 3,144 123 449

Truck 30 2,470 1,887 74 270

Barge 520 17,481 17,446 268 556

Pipeline 600 7,845 7,702 740 1,095

Rail 800 15,082 15,041 411 790

Truck 80 8,378 8,355 228 439

Truck 30 3,142 3,133 86 164

Barge 520 10,810 10,789 166 344

Pipeline 400 3,235 3,176 305 858

Rail 800 9,331 9,305 254 489

Truck 50 3,239 3,230 88 170

Truck 30 1,944 1,938 53 102

Barge 520 10,894 10,873 167 346

Pipeline 400 3,259 3,200 307 865

Rail 800 9,855 5,003 151 400

Truck 80 5,474 2,779 84 286

Truck 30 2,053 1,042 32 107

NOTE: Modify these toxic fractions in the master table in [Emission Factors] sheet.

Toxic Fractions of exhaust VOC

Mode Source 1,3-ButadieneAcetaldehyAcrolein de Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Rail

Diesel 

Locomotive 0.003247 0.01879 0.003124 0.0026 0 0.043287

Barge

Marine Diesel -- 

Distillate 0.00061 0.0743 0.0035 0.0203 0 0.1496

Ocean Tanker Residual Boiler 0 0.00386 0 0.0002 0 0.026457

Truck HDD Trucks 0.00061 0.0288 0.0035 0.0105 0 0.0782

Pipeline

Natural Gas 

Turbines 0 0.01905 0.003048 0.0057 0 0.338095

ORNL E100 summary Avg Trip Length (miles one-way) Mode Fractions

Scenario Bgal Ethanol Wtr_Miles RR_MilesTrk_Miles LocTrk_Miles WtrFrac RRFrac

RFS1 6.7 532.2 1,003.5 92.7 7.1 0.131 0.861

AEO 13.18 607.7 862.1 87.8 6.9 0.099 0.840

EISA 34.14 336.2 629.1 67.9 6.5 0.117 0.768

Average 492 832 83 6.8 0.116 0.823

Use EISA values for 2017+ since we are interested in the marginal volumes that would only be present in the EISA case. RFS1 

ORNL "Local Truck" is for ethanol storage to blending terminal. 

Emissions that differ by year (Values from EPA-modified GREET. These then get adjusted by mileage ratio of RFS2 vs 

Emission Factors 2005

Grams per mmBTU of 

fuel transported

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck 

Distrib

Gasoline EF Basis Miles: 1665 520 405 800 30

VOC 0.238 0.325 0.113 0.731 0.031

CO 0.538 2.471 0.577 1.805 0.109

NOx 6.142 13.028 2.465 13.190 0.306

Cellulosic (FT) Diesel

Renewable Diesel

U.S. Produced Ethanol

Biodiesel
PM10 0.516 0.523 0.100 0.468 0.023

PM2.5 0.469 0.484 0.052 0.421 0.014

SOx 1.989 2.784 0.581 0.126 0.043

CH4 0.279 0.963 0.467 0.844 0.171

N2O 0.006 0.022 0.006 0.019 0.004

CO2 257.0 918.3 252.3 725.2 151.9

Low S Diesel EF Basis Miles: 1450 520 400 800 30

VOC 0.207 0.332 0.116 0.746 0.031

CO 0.468 2.519 0.589 1.841 0.111

NOx 5.342 13.284 2.513 13.448 0.312

PM10 0.449 0.533 0.102 0.478 0.023

PM2.5 0.408 0.494 0.053 0.430 0.014

SOx 1.729 2.838 0.593 0.129 0.043

CH4 0.243 0.982 0.476 0.861 0.174

N2O 0.005 0.022 0.007 0.019 0.004

CO2 223.5 936.3 257.2 739.4 154.8

Corn Ethanol EF Basis Miles: 520 600 800 80 30

VOC 0.524 0.274 1.179 0.132 0.049

CO 3.983 1.396 2.910 0.467 0.175

NOx 21.002 5.960 21.263 1.316 0.494

PM10 0.843 0.242 0.755 0.099 0.037

PM2.5 0.780 0.125 0.679 0.061 0.023

SOx 4.488 1.406 0.204 0.183 0.069

CH4 1.553 1.129 1.361 0.735 0.276

N2O 0.035 0.016 0.030 0.017 0.006

CO2 1480.3 610.1 1169.0 652.8 244.8

Cellulosic Ethanol EF Basis Miles: 520 600 800 80 30

VOC 0.524 0.274 1.179 0.132 0.049

CO 3.983 1.396 2.910 0.467 0.175

NOx 21.002 5.960 21.263 1.316 0.494

PM10 0.843 0.242 0.755 0.099 0.037

PM2.5 0.780 0.125 0.679 0.061 0.023

SOx 4.488 1.406 0.204 0.183 0.069

CH4 1.553 1.129 1.361 0.735 0.276

N2O 0.035 0.016 0.030 0.017 0.006

CO2 1480.3 610.1 1169.0 652.8 244.8

Biodiesel EF Basis Miles: 520 400 800 50 30

VOC 0.376 0.131 0.847 0.128

CO 2.860 0.669 2.090 0.156

NOx 15.084 2.854 15.270 0.411

PM10 0.606 0.116 0.542 0.035

PM2.5 0.560 0.060 0.488 0.022

SOx 3.223 0.673 0.146 0.090

CH4 1.115 0.541 0.977 0.183

N2O 0.025 0.007 0.022 0.009

CO2 1063.1 292.1 839.6 189.6

Renewable Diesel EF Basis Miles: 520 400 800 50 30

VOC 0.376 0.131 0.847 0.128 0.128

CO 2.860 0.669 2.090 0.156 0.156

NOx 15.084 2.854 15.270 0.411 0.411

PM10 0.606 0.116 0.542 0.035 0.035

PM2.5 0.560 0.060 0.488 0.022 0.022
SOx 3.223 0.673 0.146 0.090 0.090

CH4 1.115 0.541 0.977 0.183 0.183

N2O 0.025 0.007 0.022 0.009 0.009

CO2 1063.1 292.1 839.6 189.6 189.6

Imported Gasoline EF Basis Miles: 1700 520 400 800 30

VOC

CO

NOx

PM10

PM2.5

SOx

CH4

N2O

CO2

Imported Diesel EF Basis Miles: 1700 520 400 800 30

VOC

CO

NOx

PM10

PM2.5

SOx

CH4

N2O

CO2

Imported Ethanol EF Basis Miles: 1700 520 600 800 100 30

VOC 0.524 0.274 1.179 0.132 0.049

CO 3.983 1.396 2.910 0.467 0.175

NOx 21.002 5.960 21.263 1.316 0.494

PM10 0.843 0.242 0.755 0.099 0.037

PM2.5 0.780 0.125 0.679 0.061 0.023

SOx 4.488 1.406 0.204 0.183 0.069

CH4 1.553 1.129 1.361 0.735 0.276

N2O 0.035 0.016 0.030 0.017 0.006

CO2 1480.3 610.1 1169.0 652.8 244.8

Cellulosic (FT) Diesel EF Basis Miles: 520 400 800 80 30

VOC

CO

NOx

PM10

PM2.5

SOx

CH4

N2O

CO2

Note: Miles are all one-way.
Differenc

e

2.71

4.67

0.00

1.29

1.59

6.52

Percentage of Fuel Transported by A Given Mode

Truck 

Distrib

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck to 

Terminal

Truck 

Distrib

30 13% 0% 86% 15% 85% 100% 1.0000

30 10% 0% 84% 13% 87% 100% 1.0000

30 10% 0% 84% 13% 87% 100% 1.0000

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100% 1.0062

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100% 1.0062

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100% 1.0062

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100% 1.0062

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100% 1.0062

Truck 

Distrib

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck to 

Terminal

Truck 

Distrib

30 13% 0% 86% 15% 85% 100%

30 10% 0% 84% 13% 87% 100%

30 10% 0% 84% 13% 87% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

Truck 

Distrib

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck to 

Terminal

Truck 

Distrib

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%
Truck 

Distrib

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck to 

Terminal

Truck 

Distrib

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

30 5% 45% 50% 100%

Truck 

Distrib

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck to 

Terminal

Truck 

Distrib

30 13% 0% 86% 15% 85% 100%

30 10% 0% 84% 13% 87% 100%

30 10% 0% 84% 13% 87% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

Truck 

Distrib

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck to 

Terminal

Truck 

Distrib

30 13% 0% 86% 15% 85% 100%

30 10% 0% 84% 13% 87% 100%

30 10% 0% 84% 13% 87% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

30 12% 0% 77% 17% 83% 100%

Petroleum CH4 N2O CO2

16,615 1.562 0.034 1482

5,866 1.130 0.014 610

13,840 1.366 0.029 1176

9,610 0.926 0.020 819

2,883 0.278 0.006 246

11,938 1.122 0.025 1065
2,337 0.541 0.007 292

9,940 0.981 0.021 844

2,572 0.332 0.007 294

1,543 0.199 0.004 176

16,623 1.563 0.034 1482

5,867 1.131 0.014 611

13,840 1.366 0.029 1176

7,688 0.741 0.016 655

2,883 0.278 0.006 246

10,279 0.967 0.021 917

2,012 0.466 0.006 252

8,563 0.845 0.018 727

2,973 0.286 0.006 253

1,784 0.172 0.004 152

10,359 0.974 0.021 924

2,028 0.470 0.006 254

4,451 0.851 0.018 733

2,408 0.173 0.004 153

903 0.173 0.004 153

PM10 frac

Naphthalene

0.001872

0.001872

0.002589

0.001289

0

Avg Trip Length * Mode Fraction

TrkFrac LocTrkFracWtr RR Trk LocTrk

0.145 0.855 69.5 864.0 13.5 6.1

0.132 0.868 60.0 724.0 11.6 6.0

0.173 0.833 39.5 483.1 11.8 5.4

0.150 0.852 56 690 12.3 5.8

be present in the EISA case. RFS1 values for 2005, and AEO values for 2007-2015.

sted by mileage ratio of RFS2 vs GREET.)

2010 2020

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck 

Distrib

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail

1665 520 405 800 0 30 1665 520 405 800

0.238 0.304 0.113 0.620 0.026 0.231 0.215 0.114 0.329

0.530 2.269 0.570 1.713 0.074 0.513 1.963 0.576 1.701

5.979 11.243 2.435 10.333 0.227 5.615 7.013 2.446 6.728
0.515 0.444 0.098 0.348 0.019 0.503 0.276 0.098 0.213

0.468 0.408 0.051 0.304 0.010 0.455 0.239 0.051 0.173

1.984 2.768 0.483 0.110 0.039 3.948 2.810 0.469 0.139

0.279 0.963 0.469 0.849 0.172 0.285 0.999 0.476 0.859

0.006 0.022 0.006 0.019 0.004 0.006 0.022 0.006 0.018

257.0 918.6 252.5 729.7 152.8 260.2 950.1 257.0 736.3

1450 520 400 8000 30 1450 520 400 800

0.207 0.310 0.115 0.632 0.027 0.205 0.219 0.115 0.336

0.461 2.314 0.581 1.747 0.075 0.455 2.001 0.580 1.734

5.200 11.464 2.483 10.535 0.232 4.986 7.151 2.465 6.860

0.448 0.453 0.100 0.355 0.019 0.447 0.282 0.099 0.218

0.407 0.416 0.052 0.310 0.011 0.404 0.243 0.052 0.176

1.726 2.822 0.493 0.112 0.040 3.505 2.865 0.472 0.142

0.243 0.982 0.478 0.866 0.175 0.253 1.019 0.479 0.876

0.005 0.022 0.007 0.019 0.004 0.005 0.022 0.006 0.018

223.5 936.6 257.4 744.0 155.8 231.0 968.7 258.9 750.7 0 520 600 800 80 30 0 520 600 800

0.490 0.273 0.999 0.112 0.042 0.346 0.273 0.531

3.658 1.378 2.762 0.318 0.119 3.164 1.376 2.742

18.125 5.888 16.657 0.978 0.367 11.306 5.845 10.847

0.716 0.237 0.562 0.081 0.031 0.445 0.234 0.344

0.657 0.123 0.490 0.044 0.017 0.385 0.123 0.279

4.462 1.169 0.177 0.168 0.063 4.530 1.120 0.225

1.552 1.133 1.369 0.739 0.277 1.611 1.136 1.385

0.035 0.016 0.030 0.017 0.006 0.035 0.015 0.029

1480.8 610.5 1176.3 656.7 246.3 1531.6 614.1 1186.9

0 520 600 800 80 300 520 600 800

0.490 0.273 0.999 0.112 0.042 0.346 0.273 0.531

3.658 1.378 2.762 0.318 0.119 3.164 1.376 2.742

18.125 5.888 16.657 0.978 0.367 11.306 5.845 10.847

0.716 0.237 0.562 0.081 0.031 0.445 0.234 0.344

0.657 0.123 0.490 0.044 0.017 0.385 0.123 0.279

4.462 1.169 0.177 0.168 0.063 4.530 1.120 0.225

1.552 1.133 1.369 0.739 0.277 1.611 1.136 1.385

0.035 0.016 0.030 0.017 0.006 0.035 0.015 0.029

1480.8 610.5 1176.3 656.7 246.3 1531.6 614.1 1186.9

0 520 400 800 50 300 520 400 800

0.352 0.131 0.717 0.116 0.249 0.131 0.381

2.627 0.660 1.983 0.109 2.273 0.659 1.969

13.017 2.819 11.963 0.305 8.119 2.799 7.790

0.514 0.113 0.403 0.028 0.320 0.112 0.247

0.472 0.059 0.352 0.016 0.276 0.059 0.200

3.204 0.560 0.127 0.080 3.254 0.536 0.161

1.115 0.542 0.983 0.182 1.157 0.544 0.995

0.025 0.007 0.022 0.009 0.025 0.007 0.021

1063.5 292.3 844.8 189.6 1100.0 294.0 852.4

0 520 400 800 50 300 520 400 800

0.352 0.131 0.717 0.116 0.116 0.212 0.112 0.325

2.627 0.660 1.983 0.109 0.109 1.939 0.562 1.680

13.017 2.819 11.963 0.305 0.305 6.928 2.388 6.647

0.514 0.113 0.403 0.028 0.028 0.273 0.095 0.211

0.472 0.059 0.352 0.016 0.016 0.236 0.050 0.171
3.204 0.560 0.127 0.080 0.080 2.776 0.458 0.138

1.115 0.542 0.983 0.182 0.182 0.987 0.464 0.849

0.025 0.007 0.022 0.009 0.009 0.021 0.006 0.018

1063.5 292.3 844.8 189.6 189.6 938.6 250.9 727.4

1700 520 400 800 0 30 1700 520 400 800

1700 520 400 800 0 30 1700 520 400 800

1700 520 600 800 100 30 1700 520 600 800

0.490 0.273 0.999 0.112 0.042 0.346 0.273 0.531

3.658 1.378 2.762 0.318 0.119 3.164 1.376 2.742

18.125 5.888 16.657 0.978 0.367 11.306 5.845 10.847

0.716 0.237 0.562 0.081 0.031 0.445 0.234 0.344

0.657 0.123 0.490 0.044 0.017 0.385 0.123 0.279

4.462 1.169 0.177 0.168 0.063 4.530 1.120 0.225

1.552 1.133 1.369 0.739 0.277 1.611 1.136 1.385

0.035 0.016 0.030 0.017 0.006 0.035 0.015 0.029

1480.8 610.5 1176.3 656.7 246.3 1531.6 614.1 1186.9

0 520 400 800 80 30 0 520 400 800

0.216 0.113 0.273

1.972 0.572 1.588

7.046 2.428 6.332

0.277 0.097 -0.471

0.240 0.051 -0.005

2.823 0.465 -0.819

1.004 0.472 -0.166

0.022 0.006 0.010

954.5 255.1 -78.0
2022

Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (m

Source

Total 

energy 

1,168,285 Corn Ethanol 3,167,206

1,168,285 Cellulosic Ethanol 5,456,033

Biodiesel 0

Renewable Diesel1,253,329

1,168,236 Imported Ethanol 1,859,364

1,237,237 Cellulosic Diesel 8,063,877

FUEL TRANSPORT (to terminal, exhaust emiss

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Corn Ethanol

Total 

energy 

2005 20,675

2010 17,508

2015 17,508

2017 12,231

2020 12,231

2022 12,231

2025 12,231

2030 12,231

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Cellulosic 

Ethanol

Total 

energy 

2005 20,036

2010 16,882

2015 16,882

2017 11,665

2020 11,665

2618.893 2022 12,231

2025 11,665

2030 11,665

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Biodiesel Total 

energy 

2005 7,560

2010 7,560

2015 7,560

2017 7,560

2020 7,560

2022 7,560

2025 7,560

2030 7,560
grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Renewable 

Diesel

Total 

energy 

2005 6,359

2010 6,359

2015 6,359

2017 6,359

2020 6,359

2022 6,359

2025 6,359

2030 6,359

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Imported 

Ethanol (U.S. 

transport 

only)

Total 

energy 

2005 20,034

2010 16,881

2015 16,881

2017 11,665

2020 11,665

2022 12,230

2025 11,665

2030 11,665

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Cellulosic (FT) 

Diesel

Total 

energy 

2005 13,021

2010 10,970

2015 10,970

2017 7,582

2020 7,582

1220.004 2022 7,952

2025 7,582

2030 7,582
2022 Interpolated 2030

Truck

Truck 

Distrib

Ocean 

tanker Barge Pipeline Rail Truck Truck Distrib

Ocean 

tanker

0 30 1665 520 405 800 0 30 1665

0.021 0.231 0.146 0.114 0.206 0.021 0.231

0.031 0.513 1.853 0.576 1.697 0.026 0.513

0.088 5.613 4.108 2.444 3.879 0.071 5.612
0.015 0.503 0.185 0.098 0.136 0.015 0.503

0.007 0.455 0.150 0.051 0.098 0.006 0.455

0.037 3.948 2.810 0.469 0.139 0.037 3.948

0.174 0.285 0.996 0.476 0.859 0.174 0.285

0.004 0.006 0.022 0.006 0.018 0.004 0.006

154.0 260.2 950.5 257.0 736.7 154.0 260.2

0 30 1450 520 400 8000 30 1450

0.022 0.205 0.149 0.115 0.210 0.021 0.205

0.032 0.455 1.889 0.580 1.730 0.026 0.455

0.090 4.984 4.189 2.462 3.955 0.072 4.984

0.016 0.446 0.189 0.098 0.139 0.015 0.446

0.007 0.404 0.153 0.052 0.100 0.007 0.404

0.037 3.505 2.865 0.472 0.142 0.037 3.505

0.177 0.253 1.015 0.479 0.876 0.177 0.253

0.004 0.005 0.022 0.006 0.018 0.004 0.005

157.1 231.0 969.1 258.9 751.1 157.1 231.0

80 300 520 600 800 80 300

0.091 0.034 0.000 0.235 0.273 0.332 0.088 0.033

0.133 0.050 0.000 2.987 1.376 2.736 0.111 0.042

0.379 0.142 0.000 6.623 5.840 6.253 0.304 0.114

0.065 0.025 0.000 0.298 0.233 0.219 0.064 0.024

0.029 0.011 0.000 0.242 0.123 0.157 0.028 0.010

0.158 0.059 0.000 4.530 1.120 0.225 0.158 0.059

0.748 0.280 0.000 1.605 1.136 1.385 0.748 0.280

0.016 0.006 0.000 0.035 0.015 0.029 0.016 0.006

662.2 248.3 0.0 1532.2 614.1 1187.6 662.2 248.3

80 300 520 600 800 80 300

0.091 0.034 0.000 0.235 0.273 0.332 0.088 0.033

0.133 0.050 0.000 2.987 1.376 2.736 0.111 0.042

0.379 0.142 0.000 6.623 5.840 6.253 0.304 0.114

0.065 0.025 0.000 0.298 0.233 0.219 0.064 0.024

0.029 0.011 0.000 0.242 0.123 0.157 0.028 0.010

0.158 0.059 0.000 4.530 1.120 0.225 0.158 0.059

0.748 0.280 0.000 1.605 1.136 1.385 0.748 0.280

0.016 0.006 0.000 0.035 0.015 0.029 0.016 0.006

662.2 248.3 0.0 1532.2 614.1 1187.6 662.2 248.3

50 300 520 400 800 50 300

0.041 0.025 0.000 0.169 0.131 0.238 0.040 0.024

0.060 0.036 0.000 2.145 0.659 1.965 0.050 0.030

0.170 0.102 0.000 4.756 2.796 4.491 0.136 0.082

0.029 0.018 0.000 0.214 0.112 0.157 0.029 0.017

0.013 0.008 0.000 0.174 0.059 0.113 0.012 0.007

0.071 0.043 0.000 3.254 0.536 0.161 0.071 0.043

0.336 0.201 0.000 1.153 0.544 0.995 0.336 0.201

0.007 0.004 0.000 0.025 0.007 0.021 0.007 0.004

297.2 178.3 0.0 1100.4 294.0 852.9 297.2 178.3

50 300 520 400 800 50 300

0.035 0.021 0.000 0.144 0.111 0.203 0.034 0.020

0.051 0.031 0.000 1.830 0.562 1.677 0.043 0.026

0.145 0.087 0.000 4.059 2.386 3.832 0.116 0.070

0.025 0.015 0.000 0.183 0.095 0.134 0.024 0.015

0.011 0.007 0.000 0.148 0.050 0.096 0.011 0.006
0.060 0.036 0.000 2.776 0.458 0.138 0.060 0.036

0.286 0.172 0.000 0.984 0.464 0.849 0.286 0.172

0.006 0.004 0.000 0.021 0.006 0.018 0.006 0.004

253.6 152.2 0.0 939.0 250.9 727.8 253.6 152.2 0 30 1700 520 400 800 0 30 1700

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0 30 1700 520 400 8000 30 1700

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 30 1700 520 600 800 100 30 1700

0.114 0.034 0.000 0.235 0.273 0.332 0.110 0.033

0.167 0.050 0.000 2.987 1.376 2.736 0.139 0.042

0.474 0.142 0.000 6.623 5.840 6.253 0.380 0.114

0.082 0.025 0.000 0.298 0.233 0.219 0.080 0.024

0.037 0.011 0.000 0.242 0.123 0.157 0.035 0.010

0.197 0.059 0.000 4.530 1.120 0.225 0.197 0.059

0.935 0.280 0.000 1.605 1.136 1.385 0.935 0.280

0.020 0.006 0.000 0.035 0.015 0.029 0.020 0.006

827.7 248.3 0.0 1532.2 614.1 1187.6 827.8 248.3

80 300 520 400 800 80 300

0.057 0.021 0.000 0.146 0.113 0.149 0.055 0.021

0.083 0.031 0.000 1.861 0.571 1.584 0.069 0.026

0.236 0.089 0.000 4.127 2.426 3.475 0.189 0.071

0.041 0.015 0.000 0.186 0.097 -0.549 0.040 0.015

0.018 0.007 0.000 0.151 0.051 -0.080 0.017 0.006

0.098 0.037 0.000 2.823 0.465 -0.819 0.098 0.037

0.466 0.175 0.000 1.000 0.472 -0.166 0.466 0.175

0.010 0.004 0.000 0.022 0.006 0.010 0.010 0.004

412.7 154.8 0.0 954.9 255.1 -77.6 412.7 154.8
, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu)

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene

3,158,695 83,054 160,197 2,915,443 6,598 0.16 1.49 0.20 0.32

5,441,371 143,075 275,966 5,022,330 11,366 0.27 2.57 0.34 0.56

0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1,249,939 33,182 63,942 1,152,816 23 0.05 0.55 0.07 0.13

1,854,368 48,758 94,051 1,711,558 3,874 0.09 0.88 0.12 0.19

4,420,363 123,832 352,120 3,944,411 228 0.61 5.52 0.73 1.15

ORT (to terminal, exhaust emissions only)

r Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene

20,620 536 1,034 19,050 1.376 0.0042 0.0301 0.0043 0.0051

17,462 453 875 16,133 0.985 0.0030 0.0219 0.0031 0.0037

17,462 453 875 16,133

12,198 317 613 11,267 0.552 0.0016 0.0125 0.0017 0.0022

12,198 317 613 11,267 0.366 0.0011 0.0085 0.0012 0.0016

12,198 317 613 11,267 0.237 0.0007 0.0056 0.0008 0.0011

12,198 317 613 11,267

12,198 317 613 11,267 0.237 0.0007 0.0056 0.0008 0.0011

r Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene

19,982 518 1,001 18,463 1.366 0.0042 0.0298 0.0043 0.0050

16,837 436 842 15,558 0.977 0.0030 0.0217 0.0031 0.0037

16,837 436 842 15,558

11,634 302 583 10,749 0.545 0.0016 0.0123 0.0017 0.0022

11,634 302 583 10,749 0.360 0.0011 0.0084 0.0011 0.0015

12,198 317 613 11,267 0.237 0.0007 0.0056 0.0008 0.0011

11,634 302 583 10,749

11,634 302 583 10,749 0.231 0.0007 0.0055 0.0007 0.0010

r Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene

7,060 204 500 6,356 0.400 0.0012 0.0086 0.0013 0.0014

7,060 204 500 6,356 0.340 0.0011 0.0074 0.0011 0.0012

7,060 204 500 6,356

7,060 204 500 6,356 0.245 0.0007 0.0055 0.0008 0.0010

7,060 204 500 6,356 0.205 0.0006 0.0047 0.0007 0.0009

7,060 204 500 6,356 0.135 0.0004 0.0032 0.0004 0.0007

7,060 204 500 6,356

7,060 204 500 6,356 0.135 0.0004 0.0032 0.0004 0.0007
r Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene

6,342 167 322 5,853 0.464 0.001 0.010 0.001 0.002

6,342 167 322 5,853 0.398 0.001 0.009 0.001 0.002

6,342 167 322 5,853

6,342 167 322 5,853 0.242 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.001

6,342 167 322 5,853 0.175 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.001

6,342 167 322 5,853 0.116 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.001

6,342 167 322 5,853

6,342 167 322 5,853 0.115 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.001

r Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene

19,981 518 1,001 18,462 1.361 0.004 0.030 0.004 0.005

16,836 436 842 15,557 0.974 0.003 0.022 0.003 0.004

16,836 436 842 15,557

11,634 302 583 10,748 0.544 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.002

11,634 302 583 10,748 0.360 0.001 0.008 0.001 0.002

12,197 317 613 11,267 0.237 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.001

11,634 302 583 10,748

11,634 302 583 10,748 0.231 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.001

r Btu/mmBtu of fuel transported

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas Petroleum VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetaldeh

yde Acrolein Benzene

7,324 200 527 6,597 1.361 0.004 0.030 0.004 0.005

6,185 168 444 5,573 0.974 0.003 0.022 0.003 0.004

6,185 168 444 5,573

4,254 116 310 3,828 0.544 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.002

4,254 116 310 3,828 0.360 0.001 0.008 0.001 0.002

4,442 122 329 3,990 0.237 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.001

4,254 116 310 3,828

4,254 116 310 3,828 0.231 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.001
Barge Pipeline Rail Truck

Truck 

Distrib

520 405 800 0 30

0.145 0.114 0.205 0.021

1.852 0.576 1.697 0.026

4.097 2.444 3.867 0.071
0.185 0.098 0.136 0.015

0.150 0.051 0.097 0.006

2.810 0.469 0.139 0.037

0.996 0.476 0.859 0.174

0.022 0.006 0.018 0.004

950.5 257.0 736.7 154.0

520 400 8000 30

0.148 0.115 0.209 0.021

1.889 0.580 1.730 0.026

4.177 2.462 3.943 0.072

0.188 0.098 0.138 0.015

0.153 0.052 0.099 0.007

2.865 0.472 0.142 0.037

1.015 0.479 0.876 0.177

0.022 0.006 0.018 0.004

969.1 258.9 751.1 157.1

520 600 800 80 30

0.235 0.273 0.331 0.088 0.033

2.986 1.376 2.736 0.111 0.042

6.604 5.840 6.235 0.304 0.114

0.298 0.233 0.219 0.064 0.024

0.242 0.123 0.157 0.028 0.010

4.530 1.120 0.225 0.158 0.059

1.605 1.136 1.385 0.748 0.280

0.035 0.015 0.029 0.016 0.006

1532.2 614.1 1187.6 662.2 248.3

520 600 800 80 30

0.235 0.273 0.331 0.088 0.033

2.986 1.376 2.736 0.111 0.042

6.604 5.840 6.235 0.304 0.114

0.298 0.233 0.219 0.064 0.024

0.242 0.123 0.157 0.028 0.010

4.530 1.120 0.225 0.158 0.059

1.605 1.136 1.385 0.748 0.280

0.035 0.015 0.029 0.016 0.006

1532.2 614.1 1187.6 662.2 248.3

520 400 800 50 30

0.168 0.131 0.238 0.040 0.024

2.145 0.659 1.965 0.050 0.030

4.743 2.796 4.478 0.136 0.082

0.214 0.112 0.157 0.029 0.017

0.173 0.059 0.113 0.012 0.007

3.254 0.536 0.161 0.071 0.043

1.153 0.544 0.995 0.336 0.201

0.025 0.007 0.021 0.007 0.004

1100.4 294.0 852.9 297.2 178.3

520 400 800 50 30

0.144 0.111 0.203 0.034 0.020

1.830 0.562 1.677 0.043 0.026

4.047 2.386 3.821 0.116 0.070

0.182 0.095 0.134 0.024 0.015

0.148 0.050 0.096 0.011 0.006
2.776 0.458 0.138 0.060 0.036

0.984 0.464 0.849 0.286 0.172

0.021 0.006 0.018 0.006 0.004

939.0 250.9 727.8 253.6 152.2

520 400 800 0 30

520 400 800 0 30

520 600 800 100 30

0.235 0.273 0.331 0.110 0.033

2.986 1.376 2.736 0.139 0.042

6.604 5.840 6.235 0.380 0.114

0.298 0.233 0.219 0.080 0.024

0.242 0.123 0.157 0.035 0.010

4.530 1.120 0.225 0.197 0.059

1.605 1.136 1.385 0.935 0.280

0.035 0.015 0.029 0.020 0.006

1532.2 614.1 1187.6 827.8 248.3

520 400 800 80 30

0.146 0.113 0.149 0.055 0.021

1.861 0.571 1.584 0.069 0.026

4.116 2.426 3.464 0.189 0.071

0.185 0.097 -0.549 0.040 0.015

0.151 0.051 -0.081 0.017 0.006

2.823 0.465 -0.819 0.098 0.037

1.000 0.472 -0.166 0.466 0.175

0.022 0.006 0.010 0.010 0.004

954.9 255.1 -77.6 412.7 154.8
Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthale

ne CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

6,537 3.49 0.077 441 1010 44 29 130 288

11,261 6.01 0.132 759 1740 75 51 224 497

0.00 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.32 0.027 148 341 16 10 44 113

3,838 2.05 0.045 259 593 26 17 76 169

12.79 0.290 1710 3914 163 112 488 1043

Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthale

ne CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

0.0000 0.0681 0.0018 3.790 26.094 0.953 0.853 0.865 1.857

0.0000 0.0495 0.0011 2.967 17.307 0.603 0.526 0.699 1.525

0.0000 0.0284 0.0007 2.231 10.416 0.357 0.299 0.562 1.206

0.0000 0.0193 0.0005 1.915 7.463 0.251 0.202 0.503 1.069

0.0000 0.0128 0.0003 1.903 4.343 0.169 0.119 0.513 1.119

0.0000 0.0128 0.0003 1.895 4.310 0.164 0.117 0.503 1.068

Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthale

ne CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

0.0000 0.0673 0.0018 3.754 25.994 0.945 0.848 0.851 1.801

0.0000 0.0489 0.0011 2.967 17.307 0.603 0.526 0.699 1.525

0.0000 0.0279 0.0007 2.231 10.416 0.357 0.299 0.562 1.206

0.0000 0.0189 0.0005 1.915 7.463 0.251 0.202 0.503 1.069

0.0000 0.0128 0.0003 1.903 4.343 0.169 0.119 0.513 1.119

0.0000 0.0123 0.0003 1.895 4.310 0.164 0.117 0.503 1.068

Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthale

ne CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

0.0000 0.0193 0.0005 1.084 7.626 0.274 0.248 0.227 0.495

0.0000 0.0166 0.0004 1.024 6.034 0.207 0.182 0.217 0.498

0.0000 0.0126 0.0003 1.028 4.608 0.161 0.132 0.255 0.621

0.0000 0.0109 0.0003 1.030 3.997 0.142 0.110 0.271 0.673

0.0000 0.0075 0.0002 1.016 2.327 0.096 0.066 0.271 0.673

0.0000 0.0074 0.0002 1.016 2.320 0.096 0.066 0.271 0.673
Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthale

ne CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

0.000 0.024 0.001 1.161 7.831 0.292 0.259 0.272 0.587

0.000 0.021 0.000 1.078 6.186 0.221 0.190 0.257 0.589

0.000 0.013 0.000 0.938 4.243 0.151 0.123 0.239 0.579

0.000 0.009 0.000 0.879 3.410 0.121 0.094 0.231 0.575

0.000 0.006 0.000 0.867 1.985 0.082 0.056 0.231 0.574

0.000 0.006 0.000 0.867 1.980 0.082 0.056 0.231 0.574

Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthale

ne CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

0.000 0.067 0.0018 3.738 25.949 0.942 0.846 0.844 1.776

0.000 0.049 0.0011 2.958 17.279 0.600 0.525 0.694 1.503

0.000 0.028 0.0007 2.228 10.408 0.356 0.299 0.560 1.199

0.000 0.019 0.0005 1.915 7.463 0.251 0.202 0.503 1.069

0.000 0.013 0.0003 1.903 4.343 0.169 0.119 0.513 1.119

0.000 0.012 0.0003 1.895 4.310 0.164 0.117 0.503 1.068

Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthale

ne CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4

0.000 0.067 0.0018 3.738 25.949 0.942 0.846 0.844 1.776

0.000 0.049 0.0011 2.958 17.279 0.600 0.525 0.694 1.503

0.000 0.028 0.0007 2.228 10.408 0.356 0.299 0.560 1.199

0.000 0.019 0.0005 1.915 7.463 0.251 0.202 0.503 1.069

0.000 0.013 0.0003 1.903 4.343 0.169 0.119 0.513 1.119

0.000 0.012 0.0003 1.895 4.310 0.164 0.117 0.503 1.068



N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

6 252,131 260,064

10 434,338 448,002

0 0 0

2 98,640 101,742

4 148,024 152,681

22 910,950 939,629

FUEL DISTRIBUTION (from terminal, just exhaust, all by truck)

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Corn 

Ethanol

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas

0.042 1,620 1,672 2005 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.034 1,331 1,373 2010 3,142 3,133 86 164

0 2015 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.026 1,050 1,084 2017 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.022 930 960 2020 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.023 975 1,006 2022 3,142 3,133 86 164

0 2025 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.022 931 960 2030 3,142 3,133 86 164

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Cellulosic 

Ethanol

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas

0.040 1,570 1,621 2005 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.034 1,331 1,373 2010 3,142 3,133 86 164

0 2015 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.026 1,050 1,084 2017 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.022 930 960 2020 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.023 975 1,006 672.707397 2022 3,142 3,133 86 164

0 2025 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.022 931 960 2030 3,142 3,133 86 164

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Biodiesel Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas

0.011 431 445 2005 2,470 1,887 74 270

0.011 433 447 2010 2,470 1,887 74 270

0 2015 2,470 1,887 74 270

0.013 541 558 2017 2,470 1,887 74 270

0.014 587 606 2020 2,470 1,887 74 270

0.014 587 606 2022 2,470 1,887 74 270

0 2025 2,470 1,887 74 270

0.014 587 606 2030 2,470 1,887 74 270
grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Renewabl

e Diesel

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas

0.016 526 543 2005 1,944 1,938 53 102

0.016 528 545 2010 1,944 1,938 53 102

0 2015 1,944 1,938 53 102

0.013 509 525 2017 1,944 1,938 53 102

0.012 501 517 2020 1,944 1,938 53 102

0.012 501 517 2022 1,944 1,938 53 102

0 2025 1,944 1,938 53 102

0.012 501 517 2030 1,944 1,938 53 102

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Imported 

Ethanol 

(U.S. 

transport 

only)

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas

0.040 1,548 1,598 2005 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.034 1,312 1,354 2010 3,142 3,133 86 164

0 2015 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.026 1,045 1,078 2017 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.022 930 960 2020 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.023 975 1,006 2022 3,142 3,133 86 164

0 2025 3,142 3,133 86 164

0.022 931 960 2030 3,142 3,133 86 164

grams/mmBtu or Btu/mmBtu of fuel distributed

N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

Cellulosic 

Diesel

Total 

energy 

Fossil 

energy Coal

Natural 

gas

0.040 1,548 1,598 2005 2,053 1,042 32 107

0.034 1,312 1,354 2010 2,053 1,042 32 107

0 2015 2,053 1,042 32 107

0.026 1,045 1,078 2017 2,053 1,042 32 107

0.022 930 960 2020 2,053 1,042 32 107

0.023 975 1,006 314.95843 2022 2,053 1,042 32 107

0 2025 2,053 1,042 32 107

0.022 931 960 2030 2,053 1,042 32 107



haust, all by truck)

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthal

ene

2,883 0.049 0.00003 0.00143 0.00017 0.00052 0.00000 0.00387 0.00005

2,883 0.042 0.00003 0.00121 0.00015 0.00044 0.00000 0.00328 0.00004

2,883

2,883 0.037 0.00002 0.00105 0.00013 0.00038 0.00000 0.00286 0.00003

2,883 0.034 0.00002 0.00099 0.00012 0.00036 0.00000 0.00268 0.00003

2,883 0.033 0.00002 0.00095 0.00012 0.00035 0.00000 0.00259 0.00003

2,883

2,883 0.033 0.00002 0.00095 0.00012 0.00035 0.00000 0.00259 0.00003

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthal

ene

2,883 0.049 0.00003 0.00143 0.00017 0.00052 0.00000 0.00387 0.00005

2,883 0.042 0.00003 0.00121 0.00015 0.00044 0.00000 0.00328 0.00004

2,883

2,883 0.037 0.00002 0.00105 0.00013 0.00038 0.00000 0.00286 0.00003

2,883 0.034 0.00002 0.00099 0.00012 0.00036 0.00000 0.00268 0.00003

2,883 0.033 0.00002 0.00095 0.00012 0.00035 0.00000 0.00259 0.00003

2,883

2,883 0.033 0.00002 0.00095 0.00012 0.00035 0.00000 0.00259 0.00003

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthal

ene

1,543 0.128 0.00008 0.00369 0.00045 0.00134 0.00000 0.01001

1,543 0.116 0.00007 0.00334 0.00041 0.00122 0.00000 0.00906

1,543

1,543 0.052 0.00003 0.00150 0.00018 0.00055 0.00000 0.00406

1,543 0.025 0.00001 0.00071 0.00009 0.00026 0.00000 0.00192

1,543 0.024 0.00001 0.00068 0.00008 0.00025 0.00000 0.00186

1,543

1,543 0.024 0.00001 0.00068 0.00008 0.00025 0.00000 0.00186
Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthal

ene

1,784 0.128 0.00008 0.00369 0.00045 0.00134 0.00000 0.01001 0.00004

1,784 0.116 0.00007 0.00334 0.00041 0.00122 0.00000 0.00906 0.00004

1,784

1,784 0.049 0.00003 0.00142 0.00017 0.00052 0.00000 0.00387 0.00002

1,784 0.021 0.00001 0.00060 0.00007 0.00022 0.00000 0.00164 0.00002

1,784 0.020 0.00001 0.00058 0.00007 0.00021 0.00000 0.00158 0.00002

1,784

1,784 0.020 0.00001 0.00058 0.00007 0.00021 0.00000 0.00158 0.00002

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthal

ene

2,883 0.049 0.00003 0.00143 0.00017 0.00052 0.00000 0.00387 0.00005

2,883 0.042 0.00003 0.00121 0.00015 0.00044 0.00000 0.00328 0.00004

2,883

2,883 0.037 0.00002 0.00105 0.00013 0.00038 0.00000 0.00286 0.00003

2,883 0.034 0.00002 0.00099 0.00012 0.00036 0.00000 0.00268 0.00003

2,883 0.033 0.00002 0.00095 0.00012 0.00035 0.00000 0.00259 0.00003

2,883

2,883 0.033 0.00002 0.00095 0.00012 0.00035 0.00000 0.00259 0.00003

Petroleu

m VOC

1,3-

Butadiene

Acetalde

hyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

Formalde

hyde

Naphthal

ene

903 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

903 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

903

903 0.015 0.00001 0.00043 0.00005 0.00016 0.00000 0.00117 0.00001

903 0.021 0.00001 0.00061 0.00007 0.00022 0.00000 0.00167 0.00002

903 0.021 0.00001 0.00059 0.00007 0.00022 0.00000 0.00161 0.00002

903

903 0.021 0.00001 0.00059 0.00007 0.00022 0.00000 0.00161 0.00002



CO NOx PM10

PM2.

5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.175 0.494 0.037 0.023 0.069 0.276 0.006 245 253

0.119 0.367 0.031 0.017 0.063 0.277 0.006 246 254

0

0.071 0.210 0.026 0.013 0.060 0.280 0.006 248 255

0.050 0.142 0.025 0.011 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

0.042 0.114 0.024 0.010 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

0

0.042 0.114 0.024 0.010 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

CO NOx PM10

PM2.

5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.175 0.494 0.037 0.023 0.069 0.276 0.006 245 253

0.119 0.367 0.031 0.017 0.063 0.277 0.006 246 254

0

0.071 0.210 0.026 0.013 0.060 0.280 0.006 248 255

0.050 0.142 0.025 0.011 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

0.042 0.114 0.024 0.010 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

0

0.042 0.114 0.024 0.010 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

CO NOx PM10

PM2.

5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.156 0.411 0.035 0.022 0.090 0.183 0.009 190 196

0.109 0.305 0.028 0.016 0.080 0.182 0.009 190 196

0

0.058 0.163 0.021 0.010 0.054 0.196 0.006 182 188

0.036 0.102 0.018 0.008 0.043 0.201 0.004 178 184

0.030 0.082 0.017 0.007 0.043 0.201 0.004 178 184

0

0.030 0.082 0.017 0.007 0.043 0.201 0.004 178 184
CO NOx PM10

PM2.

5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.156 0.411 0.035 0.022 0.090 0.183 0.009 190 196

0.109 0.305 0.028 0.016 0.080 0.182 0.009 190 196

0

0.054 0.152 0.019 0.010 0.050 0.175 0.005 163 169

0.031 0.087 0.015 0.007 0.036 0.172 0.004 152 157

0.026 0.070 0.015 0.006 0.036 0.172 0.004 152 157

0

0.026 0.070 0.015 0.006 0.036 0.172 0.004 152 157

CO NOx PM10

PM2.

5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.175 0.494 0.037 0.023 0.069 0.276 0.006 245 253

0.119 0.367 0.031 0.017 0.063 0.277 0.006 246 254

0

0.071 0.210 0.026 0.013 0.060 0.280 0.006 248 255

0.050 0.142 0.025 0.011 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

0.042 0.114 0.024 0.010 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

0

0.042 0.114 0.024 0.010 0.059 0.280 0.006 248 256

CO NOx PM10

PM2.

5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq.

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0

0

0.022 0.062 0.011 0.005 0.026 0.122 0.003 108 112

0.031 0.089 0.015 0.007 0.037 0.175 0.004 155 160

0.026 0.071 0.015 0.006 0.037 0.175 0.004 155 160

0

0.026 0.071 0.015 0.006 0.037 0.175 0.004 155 160














Volumes Distributed 2022

Bgal

Reference Case

Policy Case 

Fuels

Policy Case 

Vehicles

Policy Case 

Total

Fuel Diff 

Increment

E0 6.46 0.00 6.46 0.00 -6.46

E10 131.82 128.79 131.82 128.79 -3.03

E85 0.00 12.54 0.00 12.54 12.54

Emission Factors (VOC and Toxics only, emissions and energy use from transport vehicles (trucks) included in "Dom Non-Petr

Make EF changes below for all "Fuel Distribution xxx" sheets (Diff, Ref, Policy Fuels, Policy Veh)

E0 (g/mmBtu)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005 0.091

2010

2015

2017 27.792 0.050 0.000

2020

2022 27.792 0.050 0.000

2025

2030 27.792 0.050 0.000

E10 (g/mmBtu)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 32.738 0.052 1.859

2020

2022 32.738 0.052 1.859

2025

2030 32.738 0.052 1.859

E85 (g/mmBtu)

5-year 

period VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2017 25.928 0.023 7.143
2020

2022 25.928 0.023 7.143

2025

2030 25.928 0.023 7.143
2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Policy m

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene

E0 Distribution -22704.5981 0

E10 Distribution -12139.978 0.000

E85 Distribution 30797.053 0.000

Total -4047.523 0.000

cles (trucks) included in "Dom Non-Petro Fuel Trans" sheet)

ff, Ref, Policy Fuels, Policy Veh)

Formaldehyde Naphthalene

Formaldehyde Naphthalene

Formaldehyde Naphthalene

GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Policy minus Reference Case)

Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO

0 0 -41.02401256 0 0 0

0.000 0.000 -19.241 -689.415 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 27.076 8484.460 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 -33.190 7795.045 0.000 0.000 0.000

NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2022

Bgal

Reference 

Case

Policy Case 

Fuels

Policy Case 

Vehicles

Policy Case 

Total

Total 

Difference

Total Gas 

Diff for 

transport

Domestic Conventional Gasoline (made w/ imported light crude) 40.65708 40.65707754 38.3130378 -0.9757 -0.8022

Domestic Conventional Gasoline (made w/ domestic light crude) 0 -1.1638 -0.9568

Domestic Conventional Gasoline (made w/ tar sand - surface) 0 -0.1336 -0.1098

Domestic Conventional Gasoline (made w/ tar sand - in-situ) -0.1336 -0.1098

Domestic Conventional Gasoline (made w/ Venezuelan heavy crude) -0.1336 -0.1098

Domestic Conventional Gasoline (made w/ imported heavy crude) -0.9757 -0.8022

Domestic RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ imported light crude) 21.89227 21.89227252 20.6300973 -0.5254 -0.4319

Domestic RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ domestic light crude) 0 -0.6267 -0.5152

Domestic RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ tar sand - surface) 0 -0.0719 -0.0591

Domestic RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ tar sand - in-situ) -0.0719 -0.0591

Domestic RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ Venezuelan heavy crude) -0.0719 -0.0591

Domestic RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ imported heavy crude) -0.5254 -0.4319

Domestic CARFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ CA crude) 0 0 0 0.0000

Domestic Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ imported light crude) 29.41441 29.41441119 25.6614818 -2.0829

Domestic Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ domestic light crude) 0 -2.4844

Domestic Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ tar sand - surface) 0 -0.2852

Domestic Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ tar sand - in-situ) -0.2852

Domestic Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ Venezuelan heavy crude) -0.2852

Domestic Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ imported heavy crude) -2.0829

Imported Conventional Gasoline (made w/ light crude) 62.54935 62.54935006 59.5844553 -0.9021

Imported Conventional Gasoline (made w/ tar sand - surface) -0.0563

Imported Conventional Gasoline (made w/ tar sand - in-situ) -0.0563

Imported Conventional Gasoline (made w/ Venezuelan heavy crude) -0.0563

Imported Conventional Gasoline (made w/ heavy crude) -0.4114

Imported RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ light crude) 0 0.0000

Imported RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ tar sand - surface) 0.0000

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: U.S. Fuel End Use Diff page 370 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
Imported RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ tar sand - in-situ) 0.0000

Imported RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ Venezuelan heavy crude) 0.0000

Imported RFG Blendstock Gasoline (made w/ heavy crude) 0.0000

Imported Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ light crude) 0.0000

Imported Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ tar sand - surface) 0.0000

Imported Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ tar sand - in-situ) 0.0000

Imported Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ Venezuelan heavy crude) 0.0000

Imported Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (made w/ heavy crude) 29.41441 29.41441119 25.6614818 0.0000

Petroleum-based Gasoline total (not including any ethanol) 125.10 118.53 -6.89

Diesel total (includes biodiesel) 58.83 51.32 -7.51

Fraction of gasoline that is: 

 Conventional 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65

 RFG 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35

 CARFG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fraction of gasoline that is imported (assume no import RFG for now) 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.25

Fraction of diesel that is imported 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00

Fraction of rule volume delta that affects imported gasoline. (Not Used) 0.25

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: U.S. Fuel End Use Diff page 371 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Policy minus Reference Case)

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

International Crude Production & Transport -5,466.7 -3.019 -0.391 -0.168 -56.302 0.000 -8.946

Domestic Crude Production & Transport -1,765.5 -0.975 -0.126 -0.054 -18.183 0.000 -2.889

Domestic Refinery Upstream -1,010.4 -0.230 -0.030 -0.013 -4.289 0.000 -0.682

International Refinery Upstream -112.9 -0.062 -0.008 -0.003 -1.162 0.000 -0.185

Domestic Refinery On-Site -4,452.1 -2.485 -0.322 -0.138 -46.335 0.000 -7.362

International Refinery On-Site -480.0 -0.265 -0.034 -0.015 -4.944 0.000 -0.786

Domestic Fuel Transport (refinery to bulk terminal)-12,696.7 -0.151 -8.240 -1.067 -22.997 0.000 -58.571

Total -25,984.3 -7.187 -9.152 -1.458 -154.212 0.000 -79.419

Note: interantional Venezuelan and Heavy not included in int'l crude prod

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde

Gasoline Replacement Tailpipe Emissions

Diesel Fuel Replacement Tailpipe Emissions

Total

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: U.S. Fuel End Use Diff page 372 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: U.S. Fuel End Use Diff page 373 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

-3.089 -11,015.9 -44,446.0 -3,322.7 -1,622.5 -16,246.9 0.0 -121,831.4 -125.2 -7,053,641

-0.869 -2,855.6 -8,675.6 -934.7 -375.2 -2,284.0 0.0 -47,987.2 -34.1 -1,809,768

-2.315 -1,489.1 -5,374.6 -9,335.6 -2,402.4 -7,194.3 0.0 -18,344.4 -32.9 -2,245,781

-0.976 -174.1 -624.2 -1,049.9 -270.5 -824.7 0.0 -2,134.4 -3.8 -261,305

-4.352 -9,322.7 -23,837.3 -5,175.0 -2,990.2 -16,541.8 0.0 -437.9 -226.4 -14,948,975

-0.538 -1,049.5 -2,708.3 -578.3 -335.4 -1,815.0 0.0 -51.0 -26.3 -1,737,350

-0.015 -1,402.1 -6,618.9 -358.1 -260.3 -1,571.3 0.0 -1,134.6 -20.3 -817,933

-12.154 -27,308.9 -92,285.0 -20,754.3 -8,256.4 -46,478.0 0.0 -191,920.9 -469.1 -28,874,752

Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O CO2

10,134 -2,047 -8,449,955

0.000 0.000 0

10133.697 -2046.692 -8,449,955

Difference from ethanol replacing gasoline Metric Tons 10,134 -2,047

Tailpipe Values used in life cycle results CH4 N2O

g/mmBtu g/mmBtu

Ethanol 269.5 610.6

Biodiesel 11.1 689.1

Gasoline 66.9 1,659.0

Diesel Fuel 11.1 689.1

mmBtu Gasoline & Ethanol -110037252.8

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: U.S. Fuel End Use Diff page 374 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
mmBtu Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel 0

Calculated change from Ethanol Metric Tons 22,291 -115,360

Calculated change from Biodiesel Metric Tons 0 0

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: U.S. Fuel End Use Diff page 375 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

-9,650,921 -10,423,483 -44,102,675 -19,719,389

-2,828,080 -3,710,656 -9,214,332 -3,999,770

-2,641,209 0 0 0

-307,314 0 0 0

-15,028,353 -50,025,159 -91,344,313 -135,549,436

-1,746,586 -5,622,373 -11,016,206 -15,147,576

-848,057 -505,123 -1,387,147 -8,360,829

-33,050,520 -70,286,794 -157,064,672 -182,777,000

CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

-8,871,622

0

-8,871,622

EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0161-DRAFT-3004.xls: U.S. Fuel End Use Diff page 376 of 383 printed 1/19/2010 7:30 AM
2022 Emissions (tons, or tonnes for GHG) & Energy (mmBtu) Deltas (Policy minus Reference Case)

Farm Chemical Production / Transport Upstream Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Nitrogen as N 0.000 0.000 0.000 272.651 372.235

Phosphorous as P2O 0.000 0.000 0.000 228.208 27.089

Potasium as K2O 0.000 0.000 0.000 314.038 6.326

Herbicide 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.060 0.826

Pesticide 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.340 1.351

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 817.297 407.827

On-Farm Non-combustion GHG Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Energy Use

Fertilizer Application

Rice Cultivation

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

International Ag Sector Emissions

Source VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Land Use Change

Livestock Changes - Canada

Livestock Changes - Western Europe

Livestock Changes - Eastern Europe

Livestock Changes - Oceania

Livestock Changes - Latin America

Livestock Changes - Asia

Livestock Changes - Africa and Middle East

Livestock Changes - Indian Subcontinent

Total 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Carbon Uptake from Biofuel Feedstock Crops

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene

Ethanol

Total
Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 2.798 0.004 ####

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.175 0.013 ####

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.002 ####

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.009 0.060 2.840

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.016 0.082 4.554

0.001 0.003 0.00 0.004 0.000 3.028 0.161 ####

Ethanol Formaldehyde CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Ethyl Benzene Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3
CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

196.784 55.620 32.142 21,407 0 323 182

460.098 159.121 104.450 59,094 0 165 2

103.656 20.902 10.525 8,667 0 125 1

9.233 5.166 2.321 1,798 0 13 0

13.029 7.076 3.301 2,470 0 20 0

782.800 247.886 153 93,436 0 647 185

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

1,183,006

9.978 3,093

1521.690 31,955

1521.690 9.978 0 1,218,055 0 0 0

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

793383507.736 793383508

-1424.803 47.358 -15240

-1475.240 -19.528 -37034

922.928 7.968 21852

11239.412 367.332 349901

-38103.875 -1006.524 -1112204

-23907.787 -708.552 -721715

-11239.030 -549.069 -406231

147.392 -3.169 2113

-63841.003 -1864.184 793383507.736 791464950 0.000 0.000 0.000

CH4 N2O CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

-9102411 -9102411

-9102411 -9102411
2022 2022 Emissions (tonnes) & Energy (mmBtu)

Bgal

Reference 

Case Policy Case Difference Source

Imported Sugarcane Ethanol 0.6434 2.235 1.5916 Imported Sugarecane Ethanol

Total
nnes) & Energy (mmBtu)

VOC 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Acrolein Benzene Ethanol Formaldehyde Naphthalene

7636.80223 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7636.802 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SOx NH3 CH4 N2O

12529.1861 18961.6099 14308.604 6720.44059 4693.05619 0 4578.57138 563.840154

12529.186 18961.610 14308.604 6720.441 4693.056 0.000 4578.571 563.840
CO2 CO2-eq. Coal Energy NG Energy

Petroleum 

Energy

326162.174 597102.621 3537824.04 -3493046.36 4217180.82

326162.174 597102.621 3537824.040 -3493046.363 4217180.820