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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

ANNUAL REPORT

FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30. 1992

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Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2009 with funding from

University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries

http://www.archive.org/details/annualreport1992unit
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Balboa, Republic of Panama

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR

It is a pleasure to submit the annual report of the Panama Canal

Commission for Fiscal Year 1992. This marks the thirteenth year of

successful operation under the Panama Canal Treaty. The Canal

organization also celebrated the seventy-eighth anniversary of the opening

of the waterway.

This year most major elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue

registered slight declines from prior year levels, primarily due to a return to more normal trade patterns following the end of the Persian Gulf crisis, and the economic slowdown affecting the United States and Japan.

Oceangoing commercial transits declined by one percent and average ship

size fell, resulting in a 1.5 percent drop in Panama Canal net tonnage.

Correspondingly, tolls revenue declined 1.6 percent to $368.7 million from

the $374.6 million collected in the prior year. Although the average size of

transiting vessels in terms of Panama Canal net tonnage declined, transits by vessels in the 100-foot beam and over category, the largest ships the Canal can accommodate, increased to a record 3,013, or nearly 24 percent

of total oceangoing transits. Average Canal Waters Time for transiting

vessels remained below the agency's 24 hour standard, at 22.1 hours.

Significant investments continued to be made in Canal maintenance,

modernization and improvement programs. These included the near completion of the Pacific entrance widening program for improved

navigational safety; accomplishment of a four-phase overhaul of rising

stem and cylindrical valves at Miraflores Locks; final installation of highly
durable flat fenders at all locks; initiation of dry excavation, under

contract, in connection with the major multi-phase program to widen

Gaillard Cut; major overhaul of the floating crane Hercules and the dipper

dredge Christensen; and acquisition of three new 53-foot aluminum hull launches.

In the spirit of the Panama Canal treaty, advances were also made in the development and placement of Panamanian personnel at all levels of the agency. Of notable importance has been the ongoing training of

Panamanian Canal pilots who by year-end numbered 100, or 43 percent of

the pilot force. Overall, Panamanians comprise nearly 88 percent of the Canal's total permanent work force.

I wish to commend all Canal employees for their praiseworthy

performance. Their commitment and dedication have been exemplary and

will unquestionably contribute to the future success of the organization and

the continued confidence of world shipping using the waterway.

GiLBERTO GUARDIA F. Administrator

II
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Page ORGANIZATION CHART vi INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION 1 THE CANAL 1 TOLL RATES 2 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 3 OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA 3 OFFICIALS IN WASHINGTON, DC 3 CHAPTER I-CANAL TRAFFIC

CANAL TRAFFIC 5 COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS 6 COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES 7 CHAPTER II-CANAL OPERATIONS

TRANSIT OPERATIONS 15 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS 17 CHAPTER III-SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

LOGISTICAL SERVICES 23 FACILITIES MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT DIVISION 24 MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES 26 PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY 27 FIRE PROTECTION 27 CANAL PROTECTION 28 HEALTH AND SAFETY 28 CHAPTER IV-ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL 31 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM 31 PUBLIC AFFAIRS 32 OMBUDSMAN 33 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 33 GENERAL COUNSEL 35 CHAPTER V-FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 37 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 37 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES 37

III
CONTENTS

Financial Tables TABLE 1.— Statement of Financial Position TABLE 2.—Statement of Operations

TABLE 3.—Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States Government TABLE 4.—Statement of Cash Flows

Notes to Financial Statements

Page 3840

4142

43 CHAPTER VI-STATISTICAL TABLES

Sliipping Statistics TABLE 1 .—Panama Canal Traffic—Fiscal Years 1983 through 1992 50 TABLE 2.—Oceangoing Commercial Traffic by Months—Fiscal Years 1992 and 1991 52 TABLE 3.—Canal Traffic by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1992 53 TABLE 4.—Classification of Canal Traffic by Type of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1992 56 TABLE 5.—Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1992 60 TABLE 6.—Segregation of Transits by Registered Gross Tonnage—Fiscal Year 1992 62 TABLE 7.—Principal Commodities Shipped through Canal by Fiscal Years 1990 through 1992 66 TABLE 8.—Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo through the Panama

Canal from Atlantic to Pacific during Fiscal Year 1992 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 70 TABLE 9.—Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo through the Panama

Canal from Pacific to Atlantic during Fiscal Year 1992 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 76 TABLE 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade RoutesAtlantic to Pacific—Fiscal Year 1992 84 TABLE 11.— Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade RoutesPacific to Atlantic—Fiscal Year 1992 117 TABLE 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction—Fiscal Year 1992 149

Other Statistics TABLE 13.—Water Supply and Usage 151 TABLE 14.— Dredging Operations 151 TABLE 15.— Electrical Power Generated 152 TABLE 16.—Fire Division Statistics 152

IV

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VI
INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION

The Panama Canal Commission is an agency of the Executive Branch of

the United States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty

of 1977, and established by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 452; 22

U.S.C. 3601 et seq), enacted September 27, 1979. The authority of the President of the United States with respect to the Commission is exercised

through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Army. The

Commission is supervised by a nine-member Board. Five members are nationals of the United States appointed by the President with the advice

and consent of the Senate. Four members are nationals of the Republic of

Panama who are proposed by the Republic of Panama for appointment by

the President.

The Commission was established to carry out the responsibilities of the

United States with respect to the Panama Canal under the Panama Canal

Treaty of 1977. In fulfilling these obligations, the Commission manages,

operates, and maintains the Canal, its complementary works, installations,

and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessels through the Canal. The Commission will perform these functions until the treaty

terminates on December 31, 1999, at which time the RepubUc of Panama

will assume full responsibility for the Canal.

The operation of the waterway is conducted on a self-financing basis. The Commission is expected to recover through tolls and other revenues all costs of operating and maintaining the Canal, including interest,

depreciation, capital for plant replacement, expansion and improvements,

and payments to the Republic of Panama for public services and annuities,

in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraphs 4(a) and (b)

of Article XIII, respectively, of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. Revenues from tolls and all other sources are deposited in the U.S.

Treasury in an account known as the Panama Canal Revolving Fund. The

resources in this fund are available for continuous use and serve to finance

Canal operating and capital programs which are reviewed annually by the Congress.

THE CANAL

The Panama Canal is a lock-type canal approximately 51 miles long from

deep water to deep water. The minimum width of the navigable channel is

1
2 INTRODUCTION

500 feet. Navigable channel depth can vary according to the amount of water available in Canal storage areas; however, the normal permissible

transit draft is 39 feet 6 inches tropical fresh water. Vessels transiting the Canal are raised in three steps to the level of Gatun

Lake, the principal source of Canal water, then lowered to sea level again in three steps. The three sets of Canal locks are paired so as to permit

simultaneous lockage of two vessels in the same or opposite direction. Since August 15, 1914, the official date of its opening, the Panama Canal

has been serving world trade. Through this fiscal year, a total of 745,932

vessels of all types have transited with 631,429 or 84.6 percent of the total being of the oceangoing commercial class. TOLL RATES

Toll rates during FY 1992 were: (a) on merchant vessels. Army and Navy

transports, hospital ships, supply ships, and yachts, when carrying passengers or cargo, $2.01 per net vessel ton of 100 cubic feet of actual earning capacity, as determined in accordance with the "Rules of

Measurement of Vessels for the Panama Canal;" (b) on such vessels in

ballast, without passengers or cargo, $1.60 per net vessel ton; and (c) on

other floating craft, $1.12 per ton of displacement. These rates have been in

effect since October 1, 1989. A 9.9 percent increase in toll rates was approved to take effect October 1, 1992. By treaty, the United States continues to provide to Colombia free

transit through the Canal of its troops, materials of war, and ships of war.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Ending Fiscal Year 1992

Honorable MICHAEL P. W. STONE

Chairman, Board of Directors

Panama Canal Commission

Washington, D.C.

Honorable Cecilia A. Alegre

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Luis A. Anderson

Mexico, D.F., Mexico

Honorable WILLIAM E. CARL

Corpus Christi, Texas

Honorable ROBERT R. McMillan

Garden City, New York

Honorable ALFREDO N. Ramirez

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Walter J. Shea

Annapolis, Maryland

Honorable JoAQum J. Vallarino, Jr. Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable JOHN J. Danilovich

London, England

OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Administrator Honorable GiLBERTO GUARDIA F. Deputy Administrator Honorable RAYMOND P. Laverty

official in WASHINGTON, D.C.

Assistant to the Chairman and Secretary MICHAEL RHODE, Jr.
CANAL TRAFFIC
Chapter I

CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC

Most major elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue declined slightly in fiscal year 1992 due to a return to more normal traffic patterns,

following the end of the Persian Gulf War, and the economic slowdown

affecting the U.S. and Japan.

A total of 12,636 oceangoing vessels, or an average of 34.5 daily,

transited the waterway, declining 1.0 percent from the 12,763 transits or 35

daily registered in the prior year. Transits by commercial vessels totaled

12,454, 0.9 percent less than the 12,572 transits reached in fiscal year 1991. Oceangoing transits by vessels owned or operated by the U.S. Government

declined to 167, falling 3.5 percent from the 173 transits of the previous

year. Free Colombian vessels accounted for 15 transits in fiscal year 1992

versus 18 in fiscal year 1991. A decline was also experienced in the average Panama Canal net tonnage

of transiting vessels, although transits by the largest vessels capable of

passing through the waterway increased to an all-time high. Transits by

vessels with beams of 100 feet and over reached a record 3,013 or 23.8 percent of total oceangoing transits compared with 2,947 and 23.1 percent

in fiscal year 1991. Those in the 80-foot beam and over category fell to

5, 698 transits or 45.1 percent of total oceangoing transits from 5,825 and

45.6 percent in fiscal year 1991. Average ship size, in terms of Panama

Canal net tonnage, declined 0.8 percent to 15,142 tons from 15,260 tons in the prior year. The decline in transits and average ship size resulted in Panama Canal

net tonnage of 190.2 million tons, a 1.5 percent drop from the 193.1 miUion

tons registered in fiscal year 1991. Correspondingly, tolls revenue fell 1.6 percent to $368.7 million from the $374.6 million collected in fiscal year

1991.
6 CANAL TRAFFIC

Total cargo tonnage carried by transiting vessels decreased 2.2 percent to 159.6 million long tons from 163.2 million tons in fiscal year 1991. A

number of commodities declined during the year including manufactures of

iron and steel, phosphates, and ores and metals. A two-year summary of the key elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue is shown in the table below, followed by a more detailed

description of cargo movements by trade route.

COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal Year

I ^992 'mi I Oceangoing Transits: Commercial 12,454 12,572 U.S. Government 167 173 Free 15 18 Total 12,636 12,763

Daily Average 34.5 35.0

Small Transits: Commercial 1,260 1,079 U.S. Government 231 248

Free 2i 18 Total 1,512 1,345

Total Cargo:

Commercial 159,273,868 162,696,423 U.S. Government 341,337 516,130 Free 19 Total 159,615.224 163,212,553

Total Panama Canal Net Tons and Reconstructed Displace- ment Tonnage 190,203,395 193,101,533

Transit Revenue: Commercial Tolls $365,853,774 $372,398,248

U.S. Government Tolls 2.808,731 2.226.489

Tolls Revenue $368.662.504 $374.624,737

Harbor Pilotage, Tug, Launch, and Other Services $ 92,439,154 $ 97,792,243 Total Transit Revenue $461.101.658 $472.416.980
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 7 COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES

Fiscal year 1992 was characterized by declines in many commodities

traversing the waterway. Commercial cargo dropped 2.1 percent to 159.3 million long tons from 162.7 million long tons in fiscal year 1991. The

downturn was driven by a resumption of normal traffic patterns following

the end of the Persian Gulf war and to the weakness affecting the U.S. and

Japanese economies. Tonnage declines were experienced in manufactures

of iron and steel, phosphates, ores and metals, refrigerated products,

automobiles, chemicals and petroleum chemicals, minerals and grains.

These losses were only partially offset by gains in a few trades such as petroleum products, lumber, coal, and containerized cargo. Grains, constituting the largest tonnage utilizing the Canal, declined 0.5 percent to 32.7 milUon long tons from the 32.9 million tons registered

during fiscal year 1991. The decline in this commodity group was due to lower corn and wheat exports from the U.S. to the Far East. Corn tonnage was down 4.5 percent to 14.4 milUon long tons from the 15.0 miUion long

tons of the previous year, primarily due to a drop in corn shipments to Japan. After recovering modestly for three consecutive years, corn tonnage

destined for Japan declined 8.9 percent to 10.1 million tons. Wheat,

accounting for the second largest tonnage in the group, decreased 4.6 percent to 7.6 million long tons from the 8.0 miUion tons registered in fiscal year 1991, mainly as a result of lower shipments from the West Coast

U.S. /Canada to North Africa and from the U.S. East Coast to West Coast

South America. The decline offset a modest increase in wheat exports to China, which had been falling for the last two years. Wheat tonnage

destined for mainland China from the U.S. via the Canal increased 8.1 percent to 4.2 million tons. Soybeans, the third most important component

of the group, rose 14.7 percent to 7.2 miUion long tons from the 6.3 million tons of fiscal year 1991, sustained mainly by higher volumes of shipments

from the U.S. to Japan and South Korea. An upturn was registered in the petroleum and products commodity

group. After falling to about 24.0 million long tons in fiscal year 1991, the commodity group increased 5.0 percent to 25.2 million tons in fiscal year

1992. The improvement registered in the commodity group was mostly

fueled by high gains in residual fuel oil, diesel oil, jet fuel and petroleum

coke. Those gains, however, were partially reduced by losses in gasoline,

kerosene, and liquefied natural gas. Crude oil shipments were up

marginally, increasing 0.5 percent from 8.2 million long tons in fiscal year

1991 to 8.3 miUion tons in fiscal year 1992. Increases in crude oU

movements from Mexico and Venezuela to West Coast Central

America were offset by declines in oU flows from Ecuador to the U.S. East Coast and West Indies. Ecuadorian oU flows have continued on a downward trend as a result of shifts in that country's export patterns and
8 CANAL TRAFFIC

limited production levels. The important container trade rose 3.2 percent from 21.2 million long

tons in fiscal year 1991 to a record high of 21.9 million tons in fiscal year

1992. The increase occurred despite the poor performance of the Canal's

principal container trade—between the U.S. East Coast and the Far East

which dropped 4.2 percent from prior year levels. Total U.S. containerized

imports and exports via the Canal showed a decline, reflecting the effect of

the U.S. and Japanese economic slowdowns, combined with the increased

impact of the competition exerted by the U.S. intermodal movement. U.S.

exports to the Far East through the Canal declined 6.7 percent to 6.1 million tons and imports from the Far East dropped 0.1 percent to 4.8 million tons. Although the container cargo on this route declined, the

movement still accounts for over half of the Canal's container tonnage. The

U.S. West Coast-Europe route, the second most important route in the container trade, remained flat at 2.7 milUon tons. The lackluster performance of these main routes contrasted with the gains displayed by

most other smaller container routes, particularly the trade to and from

West Coast South America. The movement between the U.S. East Coast

and West Coast South America increased 29.9 percent to 1.8 million tons and trade between Europe and West Coast South America was up 23.7 percent to 1 .4 milhon tons. The nitrate, phosphates and potash commodity group, the fourth in importance, dropped 6.3 percent to 13.8 million long tons in fiscal year

1992. A 10.1 percent decrease in phosphates shipments, from 9.5 million

long tons to 8.6 million tons, explains most of the group's decUne. The

downturn was evident in U.S. exports to the Far East and is attributed to a

return to more normal trade patterns following the end of the Persian Gulf

crisis. The U.S. East Coast - Far East route, the principal phosphate trade

lane, showed a 4.9 percent decline to 5.8 miUion long tons, mainly as a

result of a drop in shipments to China, Japan and South Korea. Shipments

from the U.S. East Coast to West Coast Mexico were down 82.9 percent to about 100 thousand tons. The lumber and lumber products commodity group reached record

levels for the second consecutive year, increasing 3.5 percent to 9.9 million

long tons from 9.5 million tons in fiscal year 1991. Significant gains in pulpwood tonnage account for the high performance of the commodity

group. While lumber and lumber products, excluding pulpwood, declined

6.0 percent to 6.1 million tons, pulpwood shipments increased 22.6 percent

to a record 3.8 million tons. Flows from the U.S. East Coast to the Far East

rose significantly in both segments of the commodity group. Shipments on

that route, excluding pulpwood, increased 19.2 percent to 3.1 million tons and pulpwood rose 85.7 percent to 1.3 miUion tons. West Coast Canada,
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 9

which in the past was the major source of lumber and products at the

Canal, exhibited a decline for the fourth consecutive year, with shipments

to Europe falling 23.6 percent to 1.2 million tons. A steep dechne was observed in the tonnage of ores and metals. The

commodity group accounted for 9.6 million long tons, declining 15.9 percent from 1 1.4 million tons in fiscal year 1991. Both the ores and metals

components of the group sustained declines. The poor performance of the ore segment was driven by a decline in shipments of aluminum/ bauxite,

despite a substantial improvement in copper ore flows. Alumina/ bauxite

fell 50.3 percent to 0.9 million long tons from 1.9 million tons, with

shipments from Oceania to the U.S. East Coast almost disappearing as U.S. imports shifted to Caribbean suppliers. As a result, the ores group

declined 12.2 percent to 6.3 million long tons in fiscal year 1992. The metals

component of the group dropped 22.2 percent to 3.3 million tons, primarily

induced by a decline in scrap metal, which fell 32.1 percent to 1.4 million

tons. This downturn in the scrap metal trade was due to lower shipments on the U.S. East Coast - Far East trade, with tonnage destined for South

Korea, the main recipient, showing a drop of 28.3 percent to 1.1 million

tons. The coal and coke trade showed an improvement relative to fiscal year

1991 levels, increasing 6.2 percent to 8.9 million tons. The main trade route,

consisting of U.S. coal exports to the Far East, displayed an increase of 5.4 percent from 3.7 million long tons in fiscal year 1991 to 3.9 million long

tons in fiscal year 1992, with shipments to Japan and Taiwan totahng 1.9 and 2.0 milUon long tons versus prior year flows of 1.5 and 1.8 million long

tons, respectively. In contrast, coal exports exiting Hampton Roads en

route to the Far East via the Cape of Good Hope on ships too large to

transit the Canal declined from last year's record high of 7.4 million long

tons to 6.8 million tons in fiscal year 1992. The second major coal route comprised of Canadian exports to Europe also showed an increase, with

shipments up 8.3 percent to 2.6 million tons. Contributing to the overall tonnage gains of the commodity group was a 62.5 increase in coke

shipments from the Far East to the U.S. East Coast which reached 1.3 million tons. Although tapering off, the downward trend in the automobile trade

which began in 1988 continued, with automobile tonnage dropping

marginally by 0.9 percent from 1.6 million tons in fiscal year 1991 to 1.5 million long tons in fiscal year 1992. Increases in minor trade routes offset somewhat the continued decline exhibited by the principal automobile

shipments, those emanating from Japan to the U.S. East Coast. Japanese

automobile imports into the U.S. via the Canal dropped this year another

6.9 percent to 1.0 miUion tons. This compares with imports of 1.8 million tons in the Canal's automobile peak year of 1987.
10 CANAL TRAFFIC

A number of other commodity groups, such as refrigerated products,

manufactures of iron and steel, chemicals and petrochemicals, other

agricultural commodities, and miscellaneous minerals also registered

declines during the year. The drop of 4.0 percent sustained by the

refrigerated products group was almost entirely due to a drop in fish tonnage moved from the U.S. West Coast and West Coast South America

to Europe. Fish shipments were down 40.8 percent, with this loss exceeding

the slight gains registered in the bananas and fruits trades. Manufactures of

iron and steel registered a substantial decline in fiscal year 1992, falling 19.2 percent to 6.7 milUon long tons. The decline in this commodity group was

particularly evident in the movement from the U.S. East Coast to Asia,

which was unusually high in the prior year. Shipments of manufactures of

iron and steel on the important Far East to U.S. East Coast route also deteriorated. The downturn in the chemicals and petrochemicals group is explained, in part, by the return to more normal patterns in world trade

following the end of the Persian Gulf crisis. The other agricultural

commodities group decUned 3.2 percent to 5 million tons with the main

component, sugar, showing a drop of 9.7 percent. The miscellaneous

minerals commodity group decreased 9.1 percent to 4.5 million long tons with sulfur tonnage accounting for a loss of 1 1 .9 percent.

Trade between the Far East and the U.S. East Coast continued to dominate Canal traffic, accounting for 38.5 percent of total commercial

cargo passing through the waterway compared with 38.6 percent in fiscal year 1991. Cargo moved on that trade route, however, registered a 2.4 percent decline to 61.3 million long tons from 62.8 million tons in the prior

year, reflecting the effect of the recession in the U.S. and Japanese

economies.

The following tables show the principal commodity groups moving in oceangoing commercial vessels during fiscal year 1992 and a comparison of

the major trade routes in fiscal years 1992 and 1991.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 11

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12 CANAL TRAFFIC

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14 CANAL OPERATIONS

Contract workers look on as the Commission's dipper dredge RIALTO M CHRISTENSEN

(foreground) and Floating Caisson #2 (background) undergo one phase of a major overhaul at the Balboa drydock. The other phase of the overhaul work was performed at the Industrial Division at Mt. Hope.
Chapter II

CANAL OPERATIONS

Canal operations are comprised of Transit Operations, Maintenance,

and Related Canal Projects. The various functions are divided among a number of operating bureaus within the Canal agency. TRANSIT OPERATIONS

Daily average transits by oceangoing vessels averaged 34.5 per day

during fiscal year 1992. Average time in Canal waters increased slightly

from 22.0 hours in fiscal year 1991 to 22.1 hours in fiscal year 1992. The following table indicates the number of large oceangoing vessels (by

beam and length) that transited the Canal during the last 13 years:

Fiscal Year 1992 . .

.

1991 ... 1990 . .

.

1989 . . 1988 . .

.

1987 . . 1986 . .

.

1985 . . 1984 . .

.

1983 . . 1982 . .

.

1981 ... 1980 . .

.

The number of vessels transiting at more than 36-foot draft decreased

4.4%: 1,853 vessels during fiscal year 1992 compared to 1,938 during fiscal year 1991. The maximum allowable draft remained at 39 feet 6 inches

during the entire fiscal year. Total jobs performed by Commission tugs decreased from 40,580 in

fiscal year 1991 to 38,134 in fiscal year 1992.
16 CANAL OPERATIONS
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 17

Fiscal Year

I 1992 1991 I Oceangoing transits 12,636 12,763 Tug jobs: Balboa 29,159 28,332

Cristobal 8,975 12,248 Tug operating hours 60,604 62,535 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS

Planned maintenance, scheduled overhauls, and general improvements

to the Canal and appurtenant structures were accomplished throughout the year as programmed. The various divisions and units of the Engineering

and Construction Bureau are responsible for the overall physical

maintenance and improvement of the waterway. The Marine Bureau

operates and maintains the locks and related facilities. Channel Improvements: Channel dredging activities during fiscal year 1992 focused on the Pacific Entrance Channel Widening, where 2,138,465

cubic yards of material were removed by the suction dredge MINDI. A

total of 9,482,000 cubic yards of material has been dredged to-date on the widening project which began in September 1988 and is scheduled to be

completed in 1993. The MINDI also performed maintenance dredging of

Miraflores Lake and at the Pacific Entrance, alongside the U.S. Navy piers

at Rodman. Additionally, taking advantage of the temporary presence of a commercial dredge at the Pacific entrance to the Canal, a contract was

awarded to dredge a flared area west of the west prism line at the beginning

of the Pacific entrance to the canal. The dredged area will provide a greater

degree of safety to vessels entering and exiting the southernmost tip of the channel. The contract also required that dredging be performed at the

Balboa ship holding area west of pier 18. Two new navigation range towers with lights were purchased and

installed. The towers, one located off-shore and the other on-shore along

the newly widened south west end of Balboa Reach, will provide proper

target alignment at the widened Pacific entrance. Locks: A four-phase valve overhaul of Miraflores Locks was conducted

during fiscal year 1992, which included the conversion of all rising stem

valves from "roller train" type to "sliding bearing surface," repairs to 19

cylindrical valves and replacement of 21 others. At Gatun Locks, a turntable was installed and adjacent track work

performed. The project was completed 64 days ahead of schedule. The

turntable at Pedro Miguel north approach is awaiting final pit design and

will be the last of five units to complete the turntable replacement program.

The Maintenance Division completed installation of new forebay/ tail- bay sandwich type fenders at all three locks. The Locks Fenders System

Committee (LFSC) evaluated 1,200 feet of experimental approach wall

sandwich type fenders installed at Pedro Miguel southeast approach wall
18 CANAL OPERATIONS

and has recommended further improvements to incorporate more energy

absorption capabilities.

A project is underway to install a new marine foam-type fire protection

system at Pedro Miguel Locks. Scheduled for completion in fiscal year

1993, this system will be similar to the one installed at Miraflores Locks.

The replacement of the loadbreaking switches and power feed cable at Gatun Locks is presently in progress. This phase of the project should be

completed during fiscal year 1993. Subsequent phases of the project include

similar work at Miraflores and Pedro Miguel Locks. The new switches are an improved type that allow switching under a load, thus improving

lockout operation with an added margin of safety.

At all locks, the 565 CFM and 1200 CFM air compressors are being

replaced with 1500 CFM oil free units. The first three new air compressors, one for each set of locks, have been delivered to Pedro Miguel Locks.

Installation should be completed by the middle of fiscal year 1993. Gaillard Cut Widening: Preparatory work was initiated early in the fiscal year to provide the design, drawings, specifications, and estimates necessary to solicit bids on the dry excavation work to be conducted at the north end of the west bank. Individual bids were solicited and contracts awarded on 5 separate projects to remove approximately 1,140,300 cubic meters (1,482,400 cubic yards) of dry material.

The subaqueous portion of the Cut widening program is scheduled to be

performed by the Dredging Division beginning in the latter part of fiscal year 1994. Bank Improvements: A section of canal bank at the northwest wingwall

of Miraflores Locks was protected from erosion by construction, under

contract, of an anchored sheet pile.

Following earth movement and drainage improvement work at Cocoli

Hill and along East Culebra and East Lirio reaches, reforestation of these areas was performed under contract with the planting of approximately

16,000 fast-growing acacia mangium trees.

Pilot, Tug and Launch Facilities: A new, modern pilot reporting station was inaugurated in Diablo on August 12, 1992. It is equipped with

comfortable waiting rooms and computer terminals which display ship

arrival and departure times, so that pilots can monitor their schedules. Construction of a tug landing at Gamboa was completed under contract on June 11, 1992. A tug and launch landing was also constructed under

contract at Paraiso and completed August 25, 1992. A sheltered work area at the Launch Repair Facility in the Industrial

Division was built. The sheltered area consists of three finger piers capable

of docking six launches and provides all utilities necessary to accomplish

24-hour launch repair operations.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 19

Dams, Spillways and Power Stations: Six of the fourteen spillway gates

at Gatun Dam were completely rehabilitated and overhauled at the

Industrial Division in Mt. Hope. Additionally, two 10-foot diameter and

36-foot high stacks were fabricated at the Industrial Division and installed

at the Miraflores power generating station. Coniniunications: A multi-year program to upgrade telecommunications

service Commission-wide was concluded in May with the placement in service of a new telephone switch at Gamboa. Together with the previously

installed switches at Balboa, Miraflores, and Gatun, the Commission now

has a modern computerized digital telecommunications network throughout the agency. The improvements include state-of-the-art business

communications features, uniform dialing and signalling, full compatibility

with the Republic of Panama's telephone system, adherence with

international standards, and integrated voice-data transmission capabilities.

Floating Equipment Maintenance: Overhaul of the floating crane Hercules was initiated at the Mt. Hope, Industrial Division complex.

Primary work included refurbishing crew quarters, installation of a bilge

and ballast system, installing a new auxiliary generating system composed

of two 125 KW generators, complete change of fendering from wood to synthetic rubber units, mechanical and structural work on the main boom

and gears which included rebuilding the boom rotation drive mechanism,

refurbishing and repairing the electrical system, and complete painting and

testing.

The dipper dredge Christensen was overhauled in two phases beginning

with work at the Balboa Drydock. The work included repairs to the hull and spud guides, refurbishment of the dredge's sea chest, valves, and the engine bilge and fuel tanks. The second phase of the overhaul was

performed at the Industrial Division and consisted of installing new fenders

and accomplishing repair work to the hull and other areas above the

waterline.

The drill barge THOR was towed to Mt. Hope in June to receive its scheduled major overhaul. A new diesel-driven generator system for the

drill-barge was purchased and is being installed. Overhaul work should be

completed during fiscal year 1993. Rehabilitation of the tug GUIA was completed. Satisfactory sea trials were conducted and the tug was returned to service in November.

Major overhauls were conducted at the Industrial Division's synchrolift

facility on the tugs ALIANZA, GAMBOA, MORROW, ESPERANZA,

and PARFITT, and repairs were made to the PAZ. Preventive

maintenance was performed on the tugs BURGESS, McAULIFFE,

AMISTAD, GUIA, PROGRESO, ALIANZA, MEHAFFEY, and

SCHLEY during the year. Floating Caisson #2 was repaired and refurbished at the Mt. Hope

syncrolift facility by the Industrial Division. The caisson was afterwards
20 CANAL OPERATIONS

towed to the Balboa Drydock for repair and painting of the hull below the

waterUne by the contractor. Acquisitions and Contracts: Three new 53-foot aluminum twin screw

pilot/ Unehandling launches, the SIERRA, SWORDFISH and SABALO,

were received on August 29, 1992. Each has a capacity for 34 passengers. A contract was awarded to expand the existing Partial Task Simulator

to a Full Mission Bridge Simulator. This new equipment will improve

Canal pilot training capabilities.

A new Grit Blasting Facility at the Industrial Division, Mt. Hope, was

inaugurated at the beginning of the fiscal year. The structure consists of

three environmentally-controlled chambers for blasting, painting, and

curing. This facility will enable top-of- the-line service to be provided and

will significantly reduce airborne grit particle dispersion. Construction of

the facility was performed by a contractor. Cleaning, painting, and minor structural modifications to various

railroad track span towers and replacement of associated insulators,

hardware, and conductors on sections of the 44 KV line was completed

under contract. During the year, the Engineering and Construction Bureau awarded 141 construction type contracts for a total of approximately $29 miUion.

22 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

A contract was awarded to upgrade the former floating wooden landing at the Paraiso tug and launch facility. Construction work can be seen in progress (upper photo) as the Panamax-size vessel BELFOREST transits in the background, heavily laden with lumber

products. The new permanent concrete facility (lower photo), which was completed on

August 25, 1992, requires little maintenance.
Chapter III

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

Supporting units of the Panama Canal Commission provided essential support services for the operation and maintenance of the waterway and

the Agency's facilities, as well as to other U.S. agencies on the Isthmus and

to employees and their dependents. These operations included logistical

services, community services, sanitation and grounds management,

transportation services, public utiUties, fire protection, security, health and

safety and other employee services. LOGISTICAL SERVICES

The Logistical Support Division provided centralized procurement,

inventory management, distribution, contract administration and supply

and property disposal support to Panama Canal operations. A total of

$82.5 million in goods and services were procured during fiscal year 1992,

including $29.3 million from sources in Panama. This includes $5.5 million

for light diesel fuel oil purchased from Esso Standard Oil, S. A. Bunker "C"

oil purchases for thermoelectric power generation totalled $10.4 miUion

(one purchase from a U.S. firm and two from Refineria Panama). Major

contracting obligations included $2,990,440 for catastrophic insurance

coverage; $1,186,550 for power transformers; $996,000 for rewinding and

uprating hydroelectric generators; $973,660 for trash rakes/ racks at generating stations; $900,717 for fire trucks; $862,533 for bridge (ship)

simulator upgrade; $628,800 for fender parts; $580,217 for centraUzed

security patrol; $529,600 for drilling equipment; $513,470 for a 40-ton

hydraulic crane; and $499,896 for a pilot/ linehandler launch.

Approximately $21.1 million in inventory items were issued for Commission use and $20.6 milUon were obligated for new inventory

purchases during the year. A total inventory of 36,338 line items with a cost value of $30.8 milUon was on hand at year end.

Activities of the Excess Disposal Unit included no-cost transfers to other U.S. Government agencies of excess equipment having an original

acquisition value of $3.7 million. Surplus property sold to the Government

23
24 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

of Panama at current fair market value amounted to approximately $5,022.

Sales to others totalled $340,635.

The New Orleans Branch in Louisiana expedited urgent purchases and

coordinated all Commission cargo shipments from the United States to Panama. A total of 18,315 measurement tons of containerized and

breakbulk cargo were shipped from Louisiana ports to the Republic of

Panama.

FACILITIES MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT DIVISION

During fiscal year 1992, the Community Services and Sanitation and

Grounds Divisions were merged into one, the Facilities Management and

Support Division. This division managed Commission housing, Commis

sion-owned buildings, the Furniture Pool, the Technical Resources Center,

the Employee Fitness Program and the sanitation and grounds activities. Sanitation operations provided comprehensive environmental health

support to Commission employees and Panama Canal operating units. This responsibility extended to protecting the work force from epidemic

tropical diseases, such as dengue, malaria and encephalitis, which are transmitted by mosquitoes and other insect and arthropod vectors. Over

the past several years, mosquito surveillance and control measures have

intensified since the Panama City metropolitan area became heavily

infested with the dengue fever vector. No dengue cases have occurred yet, but the threat of a widespread epidemic of this disease continues to exist. In

fiscal year 1992, only 28 active breeding sites were found and controlled

within Commission housing areas, a three-fold decrease compared to last year's findings.

The Entomology Unit, in coordination with the Sanitation Office,

maintains an extensive surveillance network to monitor mosquito

populations throughout the Canal area. While most routine mosquito

control measures involve mainly hand labor to maintain some 130 miles of

drainage ditches, in early fiscal year 1992 a sophisticated tide control

structure was installed at the Farfan River spillway. This system of four

counter-balanced metal gates blocks the influx of seawater into the marsh,

yet allows accumulated fresh water from rainfall to flow out of the marsh

into the bay. This has brought about long-term nonchemical control of

sand flies and has greatly reduced the emergence of the migratory salt marsh mosquitoes.

The program to control Africanized "killer bees" continues to function

well by eliminating all Africanized bee colonies reported to the Division.

Due to very dry conditions favorable to bee reproduction, the division

workload to control these insects increased from 202 calls in fiscal year

1991 to 289 control operations in fiscal year 1992, including ten swarms

aboard transiting vessels.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 25

Atlantic and Pacific Commission sanitary landfills continue to provide

for disposal of solid wastes for the Canal area, including that from U.S.

military installations and Government contractors. The net refuse disposal

workload increased by 10 percent this fiscal year, while refuse tonnage

from U.S. military posts fell by 2 percent compared to figures for the

previous fiscal year. Grounds agronomists provided technical support for the long-term

Gaillard Cut reforestation project, managed by the Engineering Division.

The 64,000 fast-growing Acacia and Gmelina trees have continued to be

effective in stabilizing several slopes along the Canal where massive

landslides had occurred in the past. Wildfire suppression through the

clearing of weeds and other dry vegetation in addition to the application of

fire retardant chemicals through the coordinated efforts of both grounds

crews and Commission fire fighters, did much to reduce severe fire damage

to these tree plantations over the past two years. The Technical Resources Center provided responses to 3,330 missionsupported information and research questions to units of the Commission

and other U.S. agencies. It also continued to maintain a collection of

library and tridimensional materials relating to the history and operation

of the Panama Canal. This unit supported the professional development of

the pilot understudies and other employees through workshops, scanning

6,604 technical journals, providing 2,434 current awareness services, as well

as bibliographies and conference information.

The buildings management activity maintained and operated Commission buildings and structures (not specifically assigned to other

Commission units) and a centralized custodial service. As an ongoing

project, this unit continued to modify facilities to comply with OSHA

standards for handicapped personnel and increased physical security of

buildings. During the year. Pier 16, Cristobal, with appurtenances, fuel and

utility lines, and the Commission's portion of Gatun Tank Farm including

nine fuel storage tanks with the fuel and utility lines connecting from the

tank farm to Pier 16, Cristobal, were transferred to the Government of

Panama. The branch also operates the Commission's furniture pool, which

coordinates the procurement of new office furniture and related furniture

requirements such as inventory, transportation, storage, maintenance and

repair.

The housing portion of the operation allocated its resources to managing, maintaining, repairing, performing preventive maintenance,

bringing up to standard the safety and security aspects of the quarters

inventory. On February 28, 1992, a Letter of Authorization was issued

granting Panama's Ministry of Housing (MIVI) the control and

administration of four housing units (halves of duplexes) located in Diablo

at no cost to the Government of Panama until the entire structure is formally transferred to Panama.
26 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

Under the multi-year housing management plan to transfer housing units to the Government of Panama (GOP), the division identified 73 housing

units in the townsites of Balboa, Diablo, Gamboa and Margarita for

release by the end of calendar year 1992. Seven of these units have already

been released. Housing inventory was reduced by 140 units (137 transferred

to Panama and 3 demoUshed because they were beyond economical

repair), decreasing the total inventory from 1,490 to 1,350 units. This

represents 31 percent of the inventory of approximately 4,300 units owned

by the Panama Canal Company prior to entry into force of the Panama

Canal Treaty in 1979. A total of 69.26 percent of those units have

transferred to the GOP in 13 years since treaty implementation.

The preparation of housing units for transfer under established safe,

sanitary and secure guidelines is now being performed by contract forces. This preparation, which was formerly performed by hired labor, should

result in savings for the Commission.

The Employee Fitness Branch administered a variety of duty-related as well as off-duty fitness programs and recreational facilities. The branch

operates 12 facilities throughout the Canal area. Regular year-round

activities are swimming, weight training, aerobics exercises (regular, lowimpact) and water exercises, racquetball and jogging. Seasonal sports are

tennis, softball, volleyball, soccer and basketball. There are certain

programs specially created for Commission employees' dependents such as youth baseball, swimming classes, youth soccer, archery, gymnastics, pingpong, basketball, etc. Training was provided to Commission units in rescue, water safety, advanced life saving and survival floating. The branch

continues to be responsible for certifying swimming proficiency of job

applicants and employees.

MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

The Motor Transportation Division operated and maintained a

consolidated motor pool of 939 vehicles designed to meet the vehicular

transportation requirements of the Commission. The vehicle fleet in fiscal year 1992 included 643 trucks of various types, 208 passenger-carrying

vehicles, 41 special purpose vehicles and 47 special equipment. Fleet mileage decreased from 8,032,112 last year to 7,716,454 this year. Fully

equipped shops, including a tire retreading facility, light and heavy duty

repair shops, and specialized transmission, diesel and machine shops

provide facilities for overhauls, preventive maintenance and repairs to the

Motor Transportation Division fleet and equipment of other Commission

units. The vehicle inspection facilities located within the Motor

Transportation Division were used again during the year for inspection of

POVs belonging to Department of Defense and Commission personnel.

These facilities were also used for the inspection of all Commission
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 27

vehicles. The Transportation Section is staffed with a total of 145 motor

vehicle operators in both districts, and manages a motor pool of 383

vehicles, consisting of 178 general pool, 102 replacement and 103 special

purpose vehicles and equipment. This section performed an average of

4,618 monthly tranportation trips during fiscal year 1992 for services ranging from transisthmian pilot trips to heavy equipment operation.

PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY

Panama Canal Commission facilities include electric power generation

and distribution systems, communication systems, water purification and

distribution systems, and a central chilled water air conditioning and

distribution system for certain public buildings in the Pacific area. Total Canal area energy demand during fiscal year 1992 was 538

gigawatt hours, a 0.9 percent increase from the 533 gigawatts used last year. The peak hourly demand of 85.53 megawatts, reached on April 8, 1992,

shows a slight increase from the 85.1 megawatts peak reached in fiscal year

1991. Electrical power consumed for Commission operations was 65.6

gigawatt hours, 2.5 percent below the previous year. Gasoline and

petroleum distillate fuel usage by the Commission during fiscal year 1992

(excluding fuel for power generation), was 5. 1 miUion gallons, 21.4 percent

higher than in fiscal year 1991. Combined fuel and electrical energy

consumption by the Commission, calculated in btu's, also showed an

overall increase, 14.3 percent, in comparison with fiscal year 1991. The two water treatment and distribution systems operated by the Commission provide potable water for the Canal area including all potable water for the Commission and the U.S. military. The Pacific side system

also serves portions of Panama City and suburban areas while the Atlantic

side system serves the Colon metropolitan area. During fiscal year 1992,

both systems supplied 3.32 bilUon cubic feet of potable water to consumers. Water supplied to the Republic of Panama averaged approximately 56.0 million gallons (7.5 million cubic feet) per day.

FIRE PROTECTION

The Panama Canal Commission Fire Division and the Bomberos of the Republic of Panama, in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of

1977, are responsible for providing fire protection, fire fighting and

emergency rescue services in Canal operating areas, defense sites, and

military areas of coordination, including shipboard fire fighting on all vessels in Canal area waters. Commission responses for fiscal year 1992 totaled 7,707 compared to 6,519 for fiscal year 1991. The marine stand-by program for hazardous

ships at the locks accounted for about 41 percent of the responses this year. This service is provided by Fire Division personnel with foam apparatuses on stand-by at the locks as a marine safety measure for those vessels
28 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

designated by the Marine Bureau as carrying dangerous cargos. The critical period is considered to be when a vessel is entering the locks. There were 2,103 responses for ambulance service compared to 1,707 in

fiscal year 1991. This division also responded to a total of 39 bomb threats during the year, the same number as last year. Excluding ship fires, there were 481 fires this year, an 8 percent increase over fiscal year 1991. Most

incidents were grass and brush fires, which frequently occurred during the vulnerable dry season. Additional fire statistics appear in Table 16 of this report. In accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, formal joint

training was conducted on 4 occasions with the Bomberos of the Republic

of Panama as compared to 6 for last year. This figure is in addition to regularly occurring joint responses to fires and other emergencies.

CANAL PROTECTION

During fiscal year 1992, the Canal Protection Division provided security for equipment, installations, facilities, and personnel devoted to the operation, maintenance and management of the Panama Canal.

The Division also jointly patrols remote canal areas with the Panama

National Police. Considerable resources were expended safeguarding navigational aids

and related equipment along the waterway. Security hardware improvements at critical installations and support facilities were made. A contract

for a centralized security control system was issued. HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Occupational Health and Safety Divisions are components of the

Office of Personnel Administration. The Personnel Director is the Designated Agency Safety and Health Official. The Panama Canal

Commission is committed to ensuring a safe and healthful workplace for its employees, an objective which enjoys support from all levels of Commission management.

During fiscal year 1992, the Commission experienced 354 performanceof-duty injuries/ illnesses for which employees required medical attention

beyond first aid, a decrease from the 375 cases in fiscal year 1991. Hearing

loss cases were included in the agency statistics for the first time in fiscal year 1992, bringing the total number of performance-of-duty injuries/

illnesses to 385 and the incidence rate for fiscal year 1992 to 4.4 per 100

employees; this compares to a fiscal year 1991 rate of 4.5. There were two

fatalities in fiscal year 1 992. Existing workplace health and safety programs were strengthened during

fiscal year 1992. Formal workplace inspections were ongoing; compliance

with all aspects of the Hazard Communication Policy was stressed and the
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 29

Hazardous Materials Inventory and Material Safety Data Sheets library were computerized; the Seat Belt Policy was revitalized; and the periodic

physical examination program was reinforced. The agency received a Department of Transportation award for high seat belt usage in fiscal year

1991, having achieved 85 percent, and qualified for another award in 1992. Special training and/ or media information on AIDS, cholera and dengue

fever were provided to employees. The joint labor/ management Safety and

Health Committee continued to meet regularly to maintain its valuable role

in the agency's overall health and safety program. The agency's program

was formally evaluated by the Federal Occupational Safety and Health

Administration during fiscal year 1992. The Commission's Drug-Free Workplace Plan continued in full effect, with incident, accident, reasonable suspicion, random and applicant drug

testing; counseling, rehabilitation and referral services through the agency's

Employee Assistance Program; and strict penalties for those who refused

the services offered or did not refrain from drug use. Public awareness of

drug and alcohol abuse prevention, identification and rehabilitation was

intensified. Counseling and clinics relating to stress management, nutrition, weight

management and smoking cessation continued, resulting in a comprehensive work site health and safety promotion program for the Panama

Canal Commission.

The Commission awarded a contract to assess the risks of, and prepare a contingency plan for, a hazardous materials emergency. As an outgrowth

of that, the contractor conducted a workshop for managers from the various Commission elements performing health, environmental and safety

functions, with the objective of developing recommendations for improving coordination, optimizing use of resources and enhancing

performance in these areas.

Chapter IV

ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL

FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL

At the end of fiscal year 1992, the total Isthmian force of the Commission was 8,548 compared to 8,740 in fiscal year 1991. Of the total Isthmian force, 7,301 were permanent and 1,247 temporary. Of the permanent Isthmian work force, 6,411 (87.8%) were Panamanians, 825

(11.3%) were U.S. citizens, and 65 (0.9%) were third country nationals.

Seventeen persons, all U.S. citizens, were employed by the Commission in New Orleans and Washington, DC.

The total Commission payroll was $227.2 million in fiscal year 1992

compared to $229.5 million in fiscal year 1991. Of the total Commission

fiscal year 1992 payroll, $174.6 million was paid to non-U. S. citizen employees and $52.6 million to U.S. citizen employees.

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM

The agency's fiscal year 1991 Affirmative Employment Program Report

for Minorities and Women (EEO-MD-714) and the Report for the Employment of People with Disabilities (EEO-MD-713) for the U.S.

citizen work force were submitted to the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission during fiscal year 1992, as required.

Formal EEO complaints continued to be processed. Black History

Month, National Hispanic Heritage Month, and National Disability

Employment Awareness Month were commemorated. Six-hundred and

ninety employees attended Women's Week training during March.

Continued emphasis was placed on the training of supervisors and

managers in the EEO complaint process. One-hundred and seventy

supervisors and employees attended workshops on the prevention of sexual

harassment in the workplace, including attendance at a special video

conference sponsored by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management.

Additional training was provided to EEO counselors on the new 29 CFR

1614 regulations to become effective October 1, 1992. The Panamanian

31
32 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

Preference Program monitoring continued to reflect increased participation of R.P. nationals at all levels. The composition of the work force by

sex, minority group and citizenship at the end of fiscal year 1992 is reflected below:

Sex Male 87.0%

Female 13.0%

Minority Group

Hispanics Blacks Whites Orientals Indians 66.9% 21.1% 9.7% 1.8% 0.5%

PUBLIC AFFAIRS

The Office of Public Affairs is responsible for handling all public affairs,

orientation services and informational activities of the Panama Canal

Commission, both locally and internationally. In this connection, through

the Commission publication The Panama Canal Spillway, local and

international press releases (including simultaneous worldwide distribution

by computer), video news releases and documentaries, press releases (including simultaneous worldwifilms and exhibits, and matters of interest were disseminated to the work force, the public at large and the shipping

industry. A digest of items in the local press of interest to Commission

managers was compiled and distributed daily.

The Graphic Branch supports the public affairs effort by providing a broad range of still photo and audiovisual support services throughout the

Commission. This year it continued to expand its program of producing

audiovisual presentations to fill an accelerated need by Commission

officials who provide briefings to Panama government officials on matters

related to the turnover of the Canal to Panama in 1999 and to Commission

board members on current operations and future plans.

Local and international news media interest focused on the turnover of

the Canal to Panama in 1999, the Gaillard Cut widening project and the

transit of hazardous cargo through the Canal. Other areas of interest were

general Canal operations, the tolls increase, the Canal watershed and the linehandler scheduUng study.

The Office of Public Affairs designed, produced, and operated

Commission exhibits for a number of activities and functions during the

year. "Meeting the Challenge" was the theme used to highlight the maintenance, modernization and improvement programs at the Canal

designed to ensure its continued safe and efficient operation, both in the near term and post-2000. EXPOCOMER, a business exposition held in Panama City, and the David International Fair, held annually in the

Chiriqui Province of Panama, were among the more noteworthy local
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 33

exhibits. This office also participated with exhibits in two cruise shipping

conferences and exhibitions in the United States, one for owners and

operators and one for the travel industry.

The Canal's 78th anniversary was highlighted with a photo exhibit on the construction of the Canal Administration Building displayed in the

building's rotunda, and a special feature-length video was produced

relating the history of Gaillard Cut construction with the current Cut

Widening Program. Support was provided for Panama's participation in Spain's Expo Sevilla with informational materials and videos, as well as briefings on Canal operations for Panamanian exhibit hosts. The Orientation Service, located at Miraflores Locks, welcomed 395,937

visitors to Miraflores and Gatun locks this year and conducted 976 VIP

tours. OMBUDSMAN

The Office of the Ombudsman was established pursuant to implementing

legislation of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The office responds to employees' and dependents' complaints, grievances, and requests for information; and channels many issues to the proper authorities for processing under existing statutes or administrative regulations. Generally,

the Office of the Ombudsman investigates administrative problems,

inefficiencies, omissions and policy conflicts existing within the various

offices of the Panama Canal Commission, and between the Commission

and other U.S. Government agencies on the Isthmus of Panama resulting

from the treaty. The office provides the widest latitude possible for handling problems affecting employee morale and the quality of life. The office maintains close contact with officers of the three Residents

Advisory Committees as a means to assure close communication between

the Commission and these community groups on matters of concern to

residents in Commission housing areas. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

A new three-year collective bargaining agreement covering employees in the firefighters bargaining unit was negotiated between April and July

1992. Additionally, the non-professional collective bargaining agreement,

which covers 87 percent of the Commission's work force, was renewed for a

three-year period commencing September 16. This occurred pursuant to an

automatic renewal provision when neither party served notification during

the contractual window of an intent to amend or modify the agreement.

In January, the FLRA ruled on exceptions the Commission filed to an

arbitration award rendered in February 1991 involving firefighters. The

Commission succeeded in overturning the largest of the two major cost items of the award. Costs saved (not including interest payment required

under the Back Pay Act) were estimated at $640K. The remaining cost item
34 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

was estimated at $170K. Subsequent efforts to obtain FLRA reconsideration were unsuccessful and compliance with the award was ongoing at

fiscal year end. The total cost including interest payments approximated

$225K.

Last year, it was reported that exceptions were pending to an FLRA

administrative law judge decision which dismissed an unfair labor practice

complaint against the Commission for unilaterally terminating access by

nonpreference-eligible employees to the agency's administrative procedure

for appealing adverse actions as an option to the negotiated grievance

procedure. (Access to the negotiated grievance procedure was not affected by the Commission's action.) In February, the FLRA issued a decision

finding, contrary to the judge, that the disputed action constituted an

unfair labor practice. The ordered remedy includes a retroactive

requirement which could result in hearings for over 300 employees at a cost

to the Commission of over $150K. Equally important, the FLRA also held

that as a matter of law such Commission employees do not have the right to challenge adverse actions under the negotiated grievance procedure. The

Commission filed a motion for reconsideration and a stay of the decision.

The motion was denied in early September. The Commission requested the

Department of Justice to seek judicial review and that request was pending

at fiscal year end.

Two notable union initiatives this year generated a considerable amount

of work for the Industrial Relations office. One concerned a request from

the exclusive representative of the nonprofessional unit to increase the amount of official time. It was argued that an increase was necessary to

facilitate more effective union participation in discussions with public

officials in Panama concerning the future of the Canal — an activity which was urged by the Personnel Committee of the Board of Directors at a 1990

meeting with labor organizations in Miami, Florida. A 3-phase trial plan was conceived to increase incrementally the amount of official time and the number of participating stewards. Progression from one phase to another was contingent upon the Commission's satisfaction. The fiscal year ended

during the third phase of the trial period.

The other union initiative concerned a demand in February by the pilots

union to negotiate an increase in basic pay. The union's proposal would

provide the highest step pilot with a base pay of "at least $175,000." The

Commission declined on the basis of a current decision by the U.S. Court

of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit which holds that, in such circumstances

as exist in the Commission's case, unions do not have the right to initiate midterm bargaining. The Commission also expressed good faith doubts

about the negotiability of the union's proposal. Although the union did not
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 35

formally challenge this decision, it continued through the end of the fiscal year to vigorously pursue in a variety of arenas the matter of obtaining a pay raise. Three different exclusive representatives invoked arbitration a total of 10 times this fiscal year. Only one decision was rendered, however, and it was

favorable to the Commission. Adverse and disciplinary actions were split

evenly at 4 apiece. One of the disciplinary cases was eventually settled. The

remaining case involved the performance evaluation of an employee who is also the subject of one of the disciplinary cases. The former case was held in abeyance at the union's request pending the decision of the latter, which was

still pending at fiscal year end. Several other disputes were settled during the year but at a point before arbitration was invoked. Three other cases carried over from the prior fiscal year were disposed of this year. One was settled and the other two were dismissed when the union failed to prosecute them

after the employee who was the subject of both cases retired. GENERAL COUNSEL

During fiscal year 1992, twenty admiralty claims totalling $17,533,576 were settled in the amount of $11,293,533. The single largest claim ever paid was for the ITB MOKU PAHU in the amount of $6.5 million. Thirtyeight unsettled marine accident claims, in the amount of approximately

$20,376,165, remained at the close of this fiscal year. Currently, four cases are pending in U.S. District Court for the Eastern

District of Louisiana. The total of the amounts claimed is $7.8 million. The new Standards of Ethical Conduct promulgated August 7, 1992 are being implemented locally through an aggressive training program

scheduled to completely train all Commission employees by February 3, 1993. Additionally, the Commission has initiated the Confidential

Financial Disclosure Reporting System.

The General Counsel's office monitored approximately 150 cases involving garnishment for alimony and child support, and 130 vehicle

accident cases of which approximately 50 may result in claims against the Commission.

Despite the August 30, 1991 decision of the Corps of Engineers Board of

Contract Appeals that denied all claims brought by Sosa y Barbero

Constructores, S.A. and Compania Internacional de Seguros, S.A., the contract appeal continued during the entire fiscal year. The co-appellants

filed a motion for reconsideration with the Board, which the Commission

opposed and the Board denied in December 1991. With over $9 million

dollars at stake, the co-appellants appealed the Board's final decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in January, 1992. Shortly after the fiscal year's end, on October 14, 1992, the court issued a

final decision affirming in all respects the ruling by the Board of Contract

Appeals. No further appeal is anticipated.

Chapter V

FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1992

The financial statements of the Panama Canal Commission, appearing

as Tables 1 through 4, with accompanying notes, present the financial

position of the Commission at September 30, 1992 and the result of its operations for the fiscal year then ended.

The accounts and statements of the Panama Canal Commission have

been examined by the United States General Accounting Office. Detailed

audit reports of the United States General Accounting Office are directed

to the Congress and are presented as Congressional documents.

Summary information concerning the operating results and capital

expenditures follows:RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Commission ended fiscal year 1992 with a net operating loss of $3.6

million, compared to net operating revenue of $3.6 million for fiscal year

1991. The net operating loss for 1992 was deferred as unearned costs to be

recovered from subsequent revenues. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Accued capital expenditures for the year amounted to $26.3 million. The

principal expenditures were $8.2 million for replacement and improvements to facilities, $3.1 million for the widening and straightening of

Gaillard Cut, $2.9 million for improvements to the electrical power and

communication systems, $2.0 million for the replacement of motor

vehicles, $1.9 milUon for the replacement of launch and launch engines,

$1.1 million for water system improvements, and $1.1 million for replacement of an anchor barge.

37
38 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 1.—Statement of Financial Position September 30, 1992 and 1991

(Dollars in thousands)

Assets 1992 1991 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

At cost $1,038,128 $1,022,626

Less accumulated depreciation and valuation allowances 548,905 525,303

489,223 497,323

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 39

Table 1.—Statement of Financial Position September 30, 1992 and 1991

(Dollars in thousands)

Capital and Liabilities 1992 1991 CAPITAL:

Investment of the United States Government:

Interest-bearing (9.786% and 9.949%,

respectively) Non-interest-bearing

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Accounts payable: Commercial vendors and other

U.S. Government agencies

Republic of Panama

Accrued liabilities: Employees' leave

Salaries and wages

Early retirement benefits Compensation benefits for work injuries Retirement benefits to certain former employees .

.

Employees' repatriation

Marine accident claims Net operating revenue payable to Republic of Panama

Other

Other current liabilities: Working capital contributions . .

.

Capital contributions-unexpended Other

DEFERRED CREDIT:

Capital contributions being amortized LONG-TERM LIABILITIES AND RESERVES:

Early retirement benefits Compensation benefits for work injuries Retirement benefits to certain former employees

Employees' repatriation Lock overhauls Marine accidents and casualty losses Floating equipment overhauls

TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES.

$122,271
40 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 2.—Statement of Operations

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1992 and 1991

(Dollars in thousands)

OPERATING REVENUES: 1992 mi

Tolls revenue $368,663 $374,625

Less - Working capital contributions (2,000)

- Capital contributions (5,929) Net tolls revenue 366,663 368,696

Other revenues 138,913 137,725

Total operating revenues 505,576 506,421

OPERATING EXPENSES:

Payments to Republic of Panama:

Public services Fixed annuity

Tonnage

Maintenance of channels, dams and spillways

Navigation service and control Locks operation General repair, engineering and maintenance

services Supply and transportation services

Utilities Administrative and general Depreciation

Fire and facility protection

Interest on interest-bearing investment Other

Total operating expenses

Net Operating Revenue (Loss) Recovery of prior year losses

NET UNEARNED COSTS TO BE RECOVERED

FROM SUBSEQUENT REVENUES $ (3,569) NET OPERATING REVENUE PAYABLE TO

REPUBLIC OF PANAMA $ 875

10,000
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 41

Table 3—Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States Government

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1991 and 1992

(Dollars in thousands)

INVESTMENT AT OCTOBER 1, 1990

CHANGES IN INVESTMENT:

Expenditures from Panama Canal Revolving Fund

Tolls and other receipts deposited into Panama

Canal Revolving Fund

Net change in undeposited receipts Adjustments for properties previously transferred to Republic of Panama

Property transferred to other U.S. Government

agencies

INVESTMENT AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1991

1991

Invested Capital

Interest- Bearing $133,176

503,009

(515,001)

(63)

[5641

(12,619)

$120,557

Non- Interest- I Bearing $340.663

(503,009)

515,001

(33)

11,959

$352,622

Total $473,839

(33)

(63)

i564i

(660)

$473,179

INVESTMENT AT OCTOBER 1, 1991

CHANGES IN INVESTMENT:

Expenditures from Panama Canal Revolving Fund

Tolls and other receipts deposited into Panama

Canal Revolving Fund

Net change in undeposited receipts Property transferred to the Republic

of Panama

Adjustments for properties previously transferred

to Republic of Panama

Property transferred to other U.S. Government

agencies

INVESTMENT AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1992

1992

Invested Capital
FINANCIAL REPORT

42

Table 4.—Statement of Cash Flows

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1992 and 1991

(Dollars in thousands)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: 1992 1991

$ (3 569) $ 3,588 Net operating revenue (loss) —

9 000 Working capital contributions ^ -

Adjustments to reconcile net revenue (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: 21,52>5 22,685 Depreciation ••••• |g4Qx 2,455 Net change in reserves and other Changes in operating assets and liabilities: ^ ^^^ ^^^^

Decrease in receivables ^'^^^ ^'jqq Decrease in inventories ' -

' ^^

(Increase) /decrease in other assets ^ ^ ^ ^^^

Increase/ (decrease) in liabilities ^7772 37'35i Total adjustments =

• • • 01 ')(\'\ 40 939 Net cash provided by operating activities .... ^^'^"^ '

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

5,929

Capital contnbutions "'

^^^. (34.214) Capital expenditures -*—'

Net cash used in investing activities {15,196) _L_!

(2 593) 12,654 Net increase /(decrease) in cash

127,135 114.481 Cash, beginning ol year $124 542 $1 27,135 CASH, END OF YEAR M^^2±4 '

SUPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW

INFORMATION:

Cash paid during year for interest ^

^^'^^^ '

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 43 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Panama Canal Commission ("Commission") is an agency of the Executive Branch of the United States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, ("Treaty") and established by the Panama

Canal Act of 1979 ("Act") enacted September 27, 1979. The Commission

was established to carry out the responsibilities of the United States with

respect to the Panama Canal under the Treaty. In fulfiUing these

obligations, the Commission manages, operates, and maintains the Canal,

its complementary works, installations, and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessels through the Canal. The Commission will perform these functions until the Treaty terminates on December 31, 1999,

at which time the Republic of Panama will assume full responsibility for the Canal, which shall be turned over in operating condition and free of

liens and debts, except as the two Parties may otherwise agree. The operation of the waterway is conducted on a self-financing basis. The Commission is expected to recover through tolls and other revenues all costs of operating and maintaining the Canal, including interest,

depreciation, working capital, capital for plant replacement, expansion and

improvements, and payments to the Republic of Panama for public

services and annuities. Revenues from tolls and all other sources are deposited in the U.S. Treasury in an account known as the Panama Canal

Revolving Fund. The resources in this fund are available for continuous

use and serve to finance Canal operating and capital programs which are reviewed annually by the Congress. Information on obligations and outlays

of the Commission's Revolving Fund are included in the Budget of the

United States Government.

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. A summary of significant accounting policies follows:

a. Accounting and Reporting. The accounts of the Commission are maintained pursuant to the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950. Under

this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States prescribes the

principles, standards and related requirements to be met. The Commission

maintains its accounts in accordance with generally accepted accounting

principles and follows STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

STANDARDS NQ 71, "Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of

Regulation."

b. Reclassifications. Certain amounts for fiscal year 1991 have been re- classified to conform with the current financial statement presentation.

c. Cost Recovery. The basis for tolls rates ("statutory tolls formula") is prescribed in section 1602(b) of the Act and provides:

"Tolls shall be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues

to cover as nearly as practicable all costs of maintaining and
44 FINANCIAL REPORT

operating the Panama Canal, together with the facilities and

appurtenances related thereto, including unrecovered costs incurred on or after the effective date of this Act, interest, depreciation,

working capital, payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraph 4(a) and (b) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and capital for plant

replacement, expansion, and improvements. Tolls shall not be

prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues sufficient to cover payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph

4(c) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977."

Unrecovered costs for any year are to be recovered from revenues in subsequent years.

d. Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost. The cost of minor items of property, plant, and equipment

is charged to expense as incurred. Administrative and other related general

expenses are recovered currently and not capitalized.

Depreciation of Commission property, plant, and equipment is pro- vided using the straight-line method over the estimated service lives of the

depreciable assets. Composite depreciation is provided for premature plant

retirements. Provisions for depreciation, expressed as an annual percentage

of the cost of average depreciable property, plant, and equipment in

service, were 3.41 percent in 1992 and 2.90 percent in 1991. The recurring costs of dredging the waterway are charged to expense. Non-recurring dredging costs for substantial improvements and better- ments to the waterway are considered additions to plant and are capitalized

and depreciated over their estimated service lives.

e. Capital Contributions. The Board of Directors may program a

portion of tolls in excess of depreciation for plant replacement, expansion,

or improvements. Such funds are considered capital contributions from

Canal users. Upon utilization, these contributions are amortized through

an offset to depreciation expense in an amount calculated to approximate

the depreciation on assets acquired with such contributions. In fiscal year

1992, no amount was programmed. For fiscal year 1991, $5.9 milUon were programmed.

/. Working Capital. The Board of Directors may program a portion of

tolls as contributions for working capital. Such funds are used to finance

increases in amounts for storehouse inventories, primarily as a result of

inflation. Working capital contributions in fiscal year 1992 were $2.0

million. No contributions were programmed in fiscal year 1991.

g. Accounts Receivable. Uncollectible accounts are recognized as a

reduction in revenue when written off.

h. Inventories. Operating materials and supplies are stated at average

cost, plus cost of transportation. Allowances are provided for the estimated

cost of obsolete and excess stock.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 45

/. Retirement Benefits. Employer contributions to the United States

Civil Service Retirement System, the Federal Employee Retirement

System, and the Republic of Panama Social Security System are charged

to expense when paid. The Commission has no liability for future

payments to employees under these systems.

Non-United States citizen employees, who retired from predecessor

agencies prior to October 5, 1958, receive benefits under a separate annuity

plan. Payments made under this plan are recorded as a current year

expense. Annual amounts expended for this plan were $1.0 miUion and

$1.1 million in fiscal years 1992 and 1991, respectively. The liability for future annuity payments is reflected in the Statement of Financial Position

as "Retirement benefits to certain former employees" and an equal amount

is recorded as a deferred charge.

As required by the Act, the Commission is liable for the increase in the unfunded liability of the United States Civil Service Retirement Fund for

benefits payable to employees and their survivors under the early

retirement provisions of the Act. The deferred charge and liability re- corded in these statements reflect the payments due to the Office of

Personnel Management over the life of the Treaty. The annual installment

of $15.1 million to liquidate the increased liability is determined by the

Office of Personnel Management. The gross amount to be recovered from

tolls over the remaining life of the Treaty was $106.0 million as of fiscal year 1992 and $121.2 million as of fiscal year 1991.

j. Reserves. Reserves required to normalize expenses for incorporation

in the tolls process are provided for through annual charges to operations.

These reserves cover such irregular costs as lock overhauls, floating

equipment overhauls, probable losses from marine accidents, fire, damages

other than fire, public liability, and other casualties.

k. Housing Use Rights. No monetary value is assigned to the rights

granted to the United States Government by the Republic of Panama to use Canal Area housing transferred to the Republic of Panama under the terms of the Treaty. The cost to manage, maintain and provide livability

improvements to these quarters is charged to expense. Rental income is included in other revenues.

/. Compensation Benefits for Work Injuries. The Federal Employees'

Compensation Act (FECA) provides compensation for performance of

duty injuries for eligible employees. The costs of the FECA program are recognized over the remaining life of the Treaty.

2. Budgetary Resources.

a. Cash, accounts receivable, and the borrowing authority are the resources used by the Commission to determine its solvency position.

Incurring obligations in excess of the solvency position would be a

violation of the Antideficiency Act.

b. The Commission has authority to borrow funds from the U.S.
46 FINANCIAL REPORT

Treasury up to $100.0 million. No funds were borrowed during fiscal years 1992 and 1991.

3. Unrecovered Costs due from Subsequent Revenues.

The $3.6 million net loss from fiscal year 1992 operations was deferred

as an unearned cost to be recovered from subsequent revenues. As such, it must be deducted from any future net operating revenue due the Republic

of Panama.

4. Net Revenue Payable to Republic of Panama.

As of September 30, 1989, cumulative unrecovered costs from prior years operations were $9.7 milUon. Of that amount, $7.0 milUon was

recovered in fiscal year 1990 and $2.7 milUon was recovered in fiscal year

1991. The balance of net operating revenues earned in fiscal year 1991 of

$0.9 milUon was paid to the Republic of Panama in April 1992.

5. Allowances for Obsolete and Excess Stock.

The aUowances for obsolete and excess stock provide for: (1) the specific disposal of individual inventory items Ukely to occur; and (2) the

systematic cost recognition for inventory items retained for possible use, but whose actual use most often does not occur. During fiscal year 1991, a comprehensive evaluation of inventory items that are infrequently issued,

but retained for possible use, was completed. This evaluation indicated a

requirement for an allowance of $5.6 million for these items. The

evaluation completed for fiscal year 1992 indicated reduced requirement of

$5.2 million and the allowance was adjusted accordingly.

6. Compensation Benefits for Work Injuries.

The Commission administers a program to compensate certain employees for death and disability resulting from performance of duty injuries or illnesses as set forth in the Federal Employees' Compensation Act. All United States citizen employees are eligible for coverage, as are non-United

States citizen employees hired prior to October 1, 1979. As provided by

FECA, employees and certain dependents are beneficiaries for various

periods that can extend to life. The liability and deferred charge recorded in these statements reflect the payments due to a Department of Labor fund estabUshed pursuant to Public Law 100-705. The Department of Labor will be reimbursed from

this fund for all expected future payments for accidents, adjusted for

inflation and interest earned. An evaluation, as of September 30, 1991, was

prepared by an independent actuarial firm. The values in that report were

used to adjust the assets and Uabilities at year-end 1991. The report also served as the basis for determining the adequacy of the assets and Uabilities

at year-end 1992. The gross amount to be recovered from tolls over the remaining life of the Treaty to retire this liability is $54.3 million in fiscal year 1992 and $59.5 million in fiscal year 1991.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 47

7. Interest—Bearing Investment of the United States Government.

The interest-bearing investment of the United States Government in the

Panama Canal is determined based on section 1603(a) of the Act. The

interest-bearing investment of the United States Government was $122.3

miUion at September 30, 1992 and $120.6 million at September 30, 1991.

8. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.

The Commission is a defendant in certain legal actions related to personal injury, employment disputes, and other matters related to the Commission's business. In the opinion of management, the settlement of

these legal actions will not have a material adverse effect on the financial

position of the Commission.

Commitments under uncompleted construction contracts and unfilled purchase orders amounted to $44.4 million at September 30, 1992 and

$31.7 million at September 30, 1991. Cash and negotiable securities held by United States depositories for the Commission to guarantee payment by third parties of their obligations were $15.3 million and $14.5 million at September 30, 1992 and 1991,

respectively.

The Treaty provides that an annual amount of up to $10.0 million per year be paid to the Republic of Panama out of operating revenues to the extent that such revenues exceed expenditures. If the operating revenues in any year do not produce a surplus sufficient to cover this payment, the unpaid balance shall be paid from operating surpluses in future years. The

balance contingently payable to the Republic of Panama amounted to $120.2 million and $110.2 million at September 30, 1992 and 1991,

respectively. However, as set forth in the Treaty and in the Act, nothing

shall be construed as obligating the United States Government to pay, after the date of the termination of the Treaty, any unpaid balance accumulated

before such date.

Chapter VI

STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics

49
50 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 1.—Panama Canal Traffic—Fiscal Years 1983 Through 1992

Total traffic

Fiscal year

I Number

of

transits Tolls

Traffic assessed tolls on net tonnage basis Long torts \ \ Number

of of

cargo

Panama I Canal net tonnage OCEANGOING COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC '

1983 11,707 $285,983,805 145,590,759 11,668 169,503,918 1984 11,230 286,677,844 140,470,818 11,199 162,335,342 1985 11,515 298,497,802 138,643,243 11,498 168,941,997 1986 11,925 321,073,748 139,945,181 11,901 182,750,830 1987 12,230 328,372,714 148,690,380 12,206 186,416,485 1988 12,234 337,866,211 156,482,641 12,209 191,506,903 1989 1 1,989 327,850,613 151,636,1 13 1 1,964 185,769,083 1990 11,941 353,725,982 157,072,979 11,904 181,604,268

1991 12,572 372,279,573 162,695,886 12,544 191,786,855 1992 12,454 365,716,456 159,272,618 12,425 188,516,426 OCEANGOING U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC '

1983

1984, 1985,

1986,

1987,

1988,

1989,

1990,

1991 . 1992.

125 137

1298578

69

74

91 173 167

1,721,925 2,388,272

2,223,938

1,553,037

1,384,125

1,361,393 1,806,539

1,707,864 2,214,170

2,790,452

354,873

329,607 259,524

176,853 205,701 296,140

224,121 248,442

516,130

341,256

77

88

85

5346

46

62

6369

96 FREE OCEANGOING TRAFFIC ' 2

1983,

1984, 1985.

1986. 1987,

1988,

1989,

1990,

1991 . 1992.

14

17

10

135

151220

18

15

2,504

20

812,840

1,131,865

1,148,311 708,616

662,286

714,055

994,711 821,340

902,085

1,295,153

9,119

2,224

2,731 556

2,224

3,312

3,312

2,218

2,218 2,206 TOTAL OCEANGOING TRAFFIC '

1983 11,846 $287,705,730 145,948,136 11,754 170,325,877 1984 11,384 289,066,116 140,800,425 11,291 163,469,431 1985 11,654 300,721,740 138,902,787 11,587 170,093,039 1986 12,023 322,626,785 140,122,034 11,955 183,460,002 1987 12,313 329,756,840 148,896,086 12,256 187,080,995 1988 12,318 339,227,604 156,778,781 12,261 192,224,270 1989 12,075 329,657,153 151,860,234 12,032 186,767,106 1990 12,052 355,433,846 157,321,427 11,971 182,427,826

1991 12,763 374,493,743 163,212,016 12,617 192,691,158 1992 12,636 368,506,908 159,613,874 12,525 189,813,785

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of ment

transits tonnage

39

31

1724

24

25

25

37

2829

484944

32

32

23

1228

104

71

92

9367

68

57

5743

81 146

111

132,431 116,335 86,623

73,631 130,129

106,599

101,710 153,514

120,375

117,403

350,699 410,682

248,967

309,161 239,023

129,545 103,020

193,160 458,899

405,986

5,986 21,025

8,771 20,759

1,300 16,765 9,709 30,530 24,702

18,508

489,116

548,042

344,361 403,551 370,452 252,909

214,439

377,204 603,976

541,897
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 51

Table 1.—Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1983 through 1992 (Continued)

Fiscal vear

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991 1992

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988 1989

1990

1991 1992

1983 1984,

1985 1986 1987,

1988, 1989,

1990

1991 . 1992.

Total traffic

\ Number

of

transits Tolls

Long tons of

cargo

Traffic assessed tolls on net tonnage basis

I \ Number

of Panama I Canal net tonnage SMALL COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC ^ 810 $ 73,887 802

793 912

852

844

997

1,017

1,079

1,260

76,921 73,710

89,577 90,829

79,805 96,158

115,180

118,675 137,318

669 652 468

3,704

3,282

1,422

8,311

1,497 537

1,250

810

800 792 904

852

842 996

1,016

1,077

1,258

48,033

48,008 45,694

55,249

55,827 49,245 60,156

66,999

67,982

77,747 SMALL U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC 3 242 $ 241 273

316 236

246

287

240

248

231

11,406

11,998 12,464

17,840 11,106

11,917 12,316

8,931 12,319

18,278 81

128

1520

25

21

1323

1228 SMALL FREE TRAFFIC 2 ^

569646

2743

3330

16

1821

59

380

57

19

39

86

322026

15

14

5

13

11

332

336

773

627 987

901 738

903 654

3,027

2,321 4,637

1,721

1,371 1,451

1,081 878

249

568 932 TOTAL PANAMA CANAL TRAFFIC

1983 12,954 1984 12,523 1985 12,766 1986 13,278 1987 13,444 1988 13,441 1989 13,389 1990 13,325

1991 14,108 1992 14,148

$287,791,023

289,155,035 300,807,914

322,734,202

329,858,775 339,319,326

329,765,627

355,557,957

374,624,737 368,662,504

145,948,818 140,801,136

138,903,258

140,125,818

148,899,425

156,780,203 151,868,548

157,322,924

163,212,553 159,615,224

12,615

12,185 12,426

12,899

13,159

13,139

13,055

13,015 13,719

13,822

170,376,563 163,522,412

170,141,227

183,517,249

187,139,260

192,275,497

186,828,878

182,495,977 192,760,362

189,895,491

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of meni

transits tonnage

230

233 258

296

211 225 274

217

236

203

339

338 340

379

285 302

334

310 389

326

145

110 470

64 430

9864

304

11,177 11,282

11,113 16,407 9,572

10,375 11,018 6,684

10,065

11,753

2,010

1,360

1,103 674

1,012

1,189

1,141 800

545 792

502,303 560,829

356,687 421,102

381,036

264,537

227,028

384,786 614,650

554,746

' Oceangoing traffic includes ships of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and

over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

2 Free traffic includes ships of the Colombian and Panamanian Governments and ships transiting for repair by the Commission.

3 Includes vessels under 300 net tons, Panama Canal measurement (or under 500 displacement tons for vessels assessed on

displacement tonnage).
52 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 53

Table 3.—Canal Traffic' by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1992

Number of

Flag transits Antigua-Barbuda 30 Argentina 2

Australia 1 Austria 6 Bahamas 792

Bahrain 2 Barbados 2 Belgium 3 Belize 13 Bermuda 1 Bolivia 5

Brazil 28

Bulgaria 3 Canada 11 Cayman Islands 1 Chile 96 Colombia 112 Cuba 71 Cyprus 709

Czechoslovakia 15 Denmark 268 Dominican Republic 2 Ecuador 331 Egypt 4

Estonia 2 Faroes I Federal Republic of Germany 337

Finland 1 France 54 Greece 689 Honduras 20 Hong Kong 29 Hungary 1 Iceland 1 India 38

Iran 4

Ireland 2

Israel 64

Italy 94 Japan 390 Kuwait 3 Latvia 11 Liberia 1,479 Luxembourg 63 Malagasy Republic 1 Malaysia 31 Malta 241 Marshall Islands 23 Mauritius 1 Mexico 65 Morocco 10 Myanmar 50

Netherlands 237

Netherlands Antilles 45 New Zealand 1 North Korea 1 Norway 702 Panama 2,214 Paraguay 1 People's Repubhc of China 268

Measured tonruige
54 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 3.—Canal Traffic' by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1992—Continued

Measured tonnage Num- I Panama I Long

berof Canal Registered tons of

Flag transits net gross ^ Tolls cargo Peru 98 1,093,338 1,089,196 $ 2,100,659 905,020

Philippines 433 6,500,444 7,386,665 12,799,741 8,320,774 Poland 80 785,250 924,592 1 ,555,895 68 1

, 1 73

Portugal 3 33,938 44,776 63,274 27,650 Qatar 3 36,154 45,210 72,670 10,392 Romania 13 95,897 1 14,102 188,915 132,346

Sierra Leone 1 3,176 1,385 6,384 1,181 Singapore 186 3,840,659 3,860,163 7,320,752 3,220,923 South Korea 161 4,502,348 4,880,956 8,784,575 3,617,684 Spain 9 44,771 51,096 $ 89,125 63,136

Sri Lanka 46 442,468 507,311 854,512 157,316

St. Vincent & Grenadines 133 1,415,492 1,644,657 2,773,643 1,368,232 Sweden 65 2,020,763 1,610,161 3,997,111 756,386

Switzerland 12 300,097 368,302 582,021 429,188 Taiwan 153 5,054,355 5,935,137 10,159,254 4,253,838 ThaUand 1 9,273 8,477 14,837 Toga 3 40,941 17,994 76,696 2,162 Turkey 26 344,463 415,302 678,421 470,139 U.S.S.R 303 2,793,009 3,316,680 5,388,400 2,133,243 United Arab Emirates ... 6 72,020 90,408 144,760 72,849 United Kingdom 253 4,831,193 5,756,454 9,432,524 4,142,468 United States 414 5,294,941 5,337,951 9,945,766 4,014,829 Vanuatu 202 3,001,576 2,806,754 5,597,111 1,816,917 Venezuela 146 506,701 581,481 996,634 407,098 Yugoslavia 22 321,246 377,508 617,061 353.664

Total 12,454 188,516,426 204,324,625 $365,716,456 159,272,618

' Includes only commercial vessels of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and

over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

^ Includes 1 1 transits where no registered tonnage was reported. NOTE.—In Canal traffic statistics, foreign naval vessels such as transports, supply ships, tankers, etc., with a measurement of 300 net tons (Panama Canal measurement) and over, and vessels of war, dredges,

etc., with a displacement of SOO tons and over, are classified as oceangoing commercial vessels. Statistics on

these vessels, except as related to displacement tonnage, have been included in the table above. As

displacement tonnage cannot be combined with net tonnage, the following table shows statistics covering 29

vessels which transited the Canal during fiscal year 1992 and paid tolls on displacement tonnage.

Flag Type Belgium Dredge Canada Naval

Chile Naval Ecuador Naval

France Naval

Italy Naval Mexico Naval

Netherlands Dredge Panama Dredge

People's Republic of China Dredge

Portugal Naval U.S.S.R Naval

United Kingdom Naval

United Kingdom Dredge

United States Naval

United States Dredge

Total

Num-

56 STATISTICAL TABLES

a 2

(S t~ — m m fn o * — oo_^— <n
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 57

in NO ro t~ 00 »— fn

On 00 <N O •«1- >n <N

>n Tf t~ Tt -H o —

SO <n O <N r-i >Ci OS ' '— 0\V~i ^ 00 ri Tt . >r> m NO t-- m ro so ' t~ — (^ ON

—^ OO 00 (—

<n NO ^ 00

On On O f*^ O — OO On

<N TT -t tT

150 913

$1,460
58 STATISTICAL TABLES

\0 f^r^ f^'

sC O ^ ^ ' r^ 00 ^ I

31

o m o 00

60 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 5.—Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1992

Ballast

I Number of

Flag transits Antigua-Barbuda 29 Argentina I Australia 1 Austria 5 Bahamas 665

Bahrain 2 Barbados 2

Belize 8 Bermuda 1 Bolivia 3 Brazil 25

Bulgaria 3 Canada 5 Cayman Islands I Chile 84 Colombia 93 Cuba 62 Cyprus 577

Czechoslovakia 13 Denmark 236 Dominican Republic 2 Ecuador 264 Egypt 3 Estonia 1 Faroes ...

Federal Republic of Germany 314

Finland 1 France 39

Greece 563 Honduras 16 Hong Kong 26 Hungary 1 Iceland I India 30

Iran 3 Ireland 2

Israel 64

Italy 87 Japan 317 Kuwait 3 Latvia 7

Liberia 1,227 Luxembourg 52 Malagasy Republic 1 Malaysia 28 Malta 186 Marshall Islands 22

Mauritius 1 Mexico 39 Morocco 7 Myanmar 42

Netherlands 195 Netherlands Antilles 42 New 2^aland ...

North Korea I Norway 609 Panama 1,709 Paraguay 1 People's Republic of China 240 Peru 81 Philippines 367 Poland 71 Portugal I Qatar 3 Romania II Sierra Leone 1 Singapore 149 South Korea 142 Spain 7

Sri Lanka 37

St. Vincent &. Grenadines 117 Sweden 58 Switzerland 10 Taiwan 153 Thailand ... Toga 2

Panama

Canal net tonnage

115,116 4.210

37,253

113,885 8,834,268 24,518

5,836

13,072

11,988 41,955

440,691 40,085

25,482

21,327 865,652 624,754

459,837

6,768,155

179,920 5,401,372

1,120 2,052,858 52,200

12.825

4,1591377

11,257 819,953

9,573,479 27,089 519,388

2,680 565

654,659

33,231 2,962

1,842,990

1,691,256 4,972,720 43,270

90,985

21,693,943 733,117

9,389 428,823

2,505,875 315,818

17,966 533,382

113,606 731,782

2,285,323 423,486 V,852

10,463,292

24,807,161

1,740 4,286,385 856,874

5,851,293 730,475 I6,%9

36,154

86,535

3,176

2,867,555

3,855,653 42,663

357,471

1,241,112

1,863,147 248,454

5,054,355

'2V,294

I I Number of

Tolls transits

( 231,383 I 8,462 I 74,879 228,909 I 17,756,879 127 49,281

11,730 26,275 5 24,096

84,330

885,789 3 80,571 51,219 4

42,867

1,739,961 9

1,255,756 19 924,272 9

13,603,992 132

361,639 2 10,856,758 32

2,251 .....

4,126,245 65

104,922 I 25,778 I

I 8,360,348 23

22,627

1,648,106 13 19,242,693 126 54,449 4

1,043,970 3 5,387

1,136 1,315,865 8 66,794 I 5,954

3,704,410

3,399,425 5 9,995,207 73

86,973

182,880 4

43,576,815 252

1,473,565 II 18,872 861,934 3 5,036,809 55 634,794 I 36,112

1,072,098 24

228,348 3 1,470,882 8 4,593,499 41 851,207 3

I 15,783 21,031,217 49,862,394

3,497 8,615.634

1,722,317 11,761,099

1,468,255 34,108 72,670

173,935 6,384

5,763,786

7,749,863 85,753 718,517

2,494,635

3,744,925 499,393

10,159,254

93 502

Panama

Canal net tonnage

2,112

4,210

" '2V,42'l 1,073,349

51,228

*lV,3Vl

54,861

75,185

68,565 27.500

1,437,280 57,464 232,960

" 409*669

22,093 586

1,494 218,281

' i22',463 1,743,462 7,225 50,786

153,639

11,077

104,313

2,383,363

* '62I395 5,449,003 70,569

" '471609 777,665

16,906

' 462'26i 42,775

116,715 371,716

26,904

501

l,39V,2lb 7,573,626

' 45o!376

236,464

649,151 54,775

16,969

"9,362

"973*1*04 646,695

2,108 84,997

174,380

157,616 51,643

*9i2*73 13,647

Tolls $ 3,379 6,736

* 4*5,4*74 1,717,358

81,965

*2'7!8'26

120,2%

109,704 44,000

2,299,648 91,942 372,736

65*5*,4*76 35,349 938

2,390 349,250

19*5,94*1 2,789,539

11,560 81,258

245,822

17,723

166,901 3,813,381

*99*,8*32 8,718,405 112.910

7*6" 1*74 1,244,264 27,050

**73*9l6"l8 68,440

186,744 594,746

43,046 802

* 2,23*7* 1*36 12,117,802

720,602

378,342

1,038,642 87,640

27,150

I*4i9*79

" l*,556i9"66 1,034,712 3,373 135,995 279,008 252,186

82,629 "Uiyi

21,835
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 61

Table 5.—Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1992—Continued

Laden

I Num- I ber Panama

of Canal net Flag transits tonnage Tolls Turkey 23 310,439 $ 623,982 United Arab Emirates 6 72,020 144,760 United Kingdom 206 4,137,984 8,317,348 United States 275 3,574,379 7,184,502 U.S.S.R 244 2,234,973 4,492,296 Vanuatu 145 1,938,023 3,895,426 Venezuela 123 453,446 91 1,426 Yugoslavia 18 251,384 505,282

Total 10,214 156,065,008 $313,662,696

1 Number of

transits
62 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 63

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 71 I 9\ 00 9^ Os w^ O ^ »© ^ ^ *o I^

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72 STATISTICAL TABLES

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74 STATISTICAL TABLES

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76 STATISTICAL TABLES

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84 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, nuscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsSoybeans

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, parts and accessories Construction machinery and equipment

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black Wax paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year

1 1992
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 85

Table lO.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals—Continued

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley

Com

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsScrap Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Fiscal year 1992

139274

146

126

1 20

1991

1
86 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk

Refrigerated foods Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

GrainsCom

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricuhural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

.

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings . .

,

Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Soda and sodium compounds

.

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash . .

.

Ammonium compounds

Fishmeal Phosphates

Fiscal year

1991

42
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 87

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash—Continued

Potash

FertiHzers, unclassified ] Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified '. MetalsAluminum

Iron ' Scrap Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Copra and coconuts

Cotton, raw

Oilseeds ] Peas, dry ]

' Rubber, raw [ [ Skin and hides ' * Sugar

Petroleum products '

*

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel '.'.'.'.'.'.]'.]'.[[. Kerosene "

Liquefied gas

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat ] "

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, coconut

Oil, fish '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Resin Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow [ Textiles

'

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO BALBOA, R.P.: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Fiscal year

61 213

117

1991

33

331 107

35 206

63

20
88 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific—Continued

[Thoiuands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO BALBOA, R.P. Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ Bauxite Manganese

Other and unclassified Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual GasoUne

Jet fuel Kerosene Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO HAWAII:

Machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Petroleum products

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum coke, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Fiscal year

1 1992
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 89

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIAContinued

Grains , Corn Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment . . .

,

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

,

Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Zinc Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Porcelainware

Fiscal year

1 1992
90 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIAContinued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Resin Rubber, manufactured . .

.

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Canned food, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods: Bananas

Dairy products

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

Grains

Barley

Com

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Construction machinery and equipment . .

,

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

.

Nails, tacks and coils Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings . .

.

Wires, bars and rods

Fiscal year

1991

10
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 91

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA—

Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel—Continued

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Copper

Lead Manganese

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Lead

Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds Peas, dry Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasohne

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black Cement

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Fiscal year

1991

154
92 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA—

Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued Paper and paper products Porcelainware

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish Milk

Vegetables, canned

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

GrainsCom

Wheat

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Wire, bars and rods

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish Milk

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke)

Fiscal year

1991 1990 \

495
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 93

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA—Continued

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke)—Continued Coal

GrainWheat

All other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

All other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Potash Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous Paper and paper products Resin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsSorghum

Fiscal year

1991

134 134

924

24

259

3

1 40

186

77 98

J7473

I

1 2 JO 194

14 15 6 JO 4

10 4 J7 73

16 10

21 63

1 TA 30

10 9

ii is

'.'.'. 3

3 3 230
94 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA—Continued

Grains—Continued Soybeans

Wheat

Lumber and products

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment

Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Potash

Ores and metals OresCopper

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Lead

Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china Marble and stone Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Petroleum products

Fiscal year

1991

5
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 95

Table 10. —Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:—Continued

Petroleum products—Continued

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous Cement

Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Tubes, pipes and fittings Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Petroleum and petroleum products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

Electrical machinery and apparatus Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresManganese

Fiscal year

1991
96 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

Ores—Continued

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Scrap Other agricultural commodities

Rubber, raw

Sugar

Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Fibers, plant Glass and glassware

Paper and paper products Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO BALBOA, R.P.: Lumber and products, miscellaneous Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel, oil, residual

Jet fuel Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings

Fiscal year

1991

1
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 97

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA—

Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel—Continued

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresManganese

Metals

Iron Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Rubber, raw

Petroleum products

Diesel oil Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Miscellaneous Cement

Paper and paper products Resin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Iron Other and unclassified Metals

Fiscal year

1991

10 .
98 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

Metals—Continued Aluminum

Iron Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CANADA:

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Manufactures of iron and steel Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fiscal year 1992

37

3

1.534 798 "548

175

13 252

97

"3

i44

2,734

1991

2

19

8

134

1,412 786 422 286

77 658 49

71 329 84 122 100 604 250

1 432 1 14 34

3 923

127 92

8 n

2,862 1,758

I
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 99

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

1991 EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresManganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Glass and glassware

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

1990 I
100 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke)—Continued Coke

GrainsOats

Rice Soybeans

Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Manganese

MetalsAluminun

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Rubber, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and petroleum products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil

Fiscal year 1992 1991

9
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 101

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year 1992 EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Miscellaneous 19g

Bricks and tile 1 Carbon black 7 Cement 5 Glass and glassware 2 Paper and paper products 11 Resin 5 Rubber, manufactured

Slag, clinkers and dross 21

Textiles Container cargo 121 All other and unclassified 25 Total 3,300 EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO BALBOA, R.P.: Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous 1 Petroleum and petroleum products 96

Asphalt Crude oil 20

Diesel oil 24

Fuel oil, residual 50

Liquefied gas 2

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous 2

Oil, vegetable Container cargo 2 Total 99 EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO HAWAII:

Petroleum and petroleum products 193 Crude oil 66

Diesel oil Jet fuel 127 Other and unclassified Miscellaneous 109 Cement 109

Slag, clinkers and dross

All other and unclassified Total 302 EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO OCEANIA:

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods 18 Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods 18 Bananas 4

1991

161 89

I 40 7 ""i i 23 8 7 11

1 1

i ....... 68 39

18 22

3,104 1,845

1 56

46

104

61

114 61

17660 61

31 173 108

51
102 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIA—Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued

Fish Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

GrainsSorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Wool, raw

Petroleum products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas

Fiscal year

1991

13

1 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 103

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

(Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIA—

Continued

Petroleum products—Continued

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Resin

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel , Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite MetalsAluminum

Petroleum and petroleum products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Grains

Rice Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Fiscal year

1991

210
104 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Other agricultural commodities—Continued

Sugar

Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

Glass and glassware

Oil, vegetable , Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

All other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Metals

Iron Scrap Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Oil, coconut Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO BALBOA, R.P.: Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Fiscal year

1991
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 105

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIES TO BALBOA, R.P.—Continued

Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO HAWAII:

Petroleum products

Diesel oil Jet fuel Total WEST INDIES TO OCEANIA:

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total WEST INDIES TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous .

.

Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals MetalsAluminum

Iron Zinc Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Sugar

Petroleum products

Diesel oil

Fiscal year

1 1992
106 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIES TO ASIA—Continued

Petroleum products—Continued

Fuel oil residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Grain

Barley Oats Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

,

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda

Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresManganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc

Fiscal year

1991

39 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 107

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATESContinued

Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum products Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Other and unclassified

Fiscal year 1992

88

33

Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous . Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

649

1.574

5 70

1

2

158

1,46112

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Construction machinery and equipment . .

,

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Other and unclassified Petroleum products

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Marble and stone Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

1991

96

39

57

1,915

3 426

15 20

33

1,385 42

2 387

238

36

113 _L?84

2 230

2

2

5

17 64

1,60854

2,695
108 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods MUk

Canned food, miscellaneous

Refrigerated food Dairy products , Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda , Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Grains

Barley Oats

Rice Sorghum

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Sugar

Fiscal year

1 1992
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 109

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICAContinued

Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil , Miscellaneous , Cement

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Resin Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow

Textiles Wax, paraffm

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish Milk

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Grains

Barley Oats

Rice Sorghum

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel

Fiscal year 1992
110 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICAContinued

Manufactures of iron and steel—Continued

Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous , . .

.

Asbestos Borax

Infusorial earth Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda

Phosphates Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresChrome

Manganese

Tin

Metals

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Sugar

Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual GasoHne

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black Cement

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Resin Rubber, manufactured

Fiscal year

1991

20

3 94

19

49

16

88 202

43

56

69

10 36

3

22

26

87 245

15

78

8

1114

8
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 111

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICAContinued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO BALBOA, R.P.: Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Petroleum products

Fuel oil, residual Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Oil vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated food Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsSorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings

Fiscal year 1992 1991

13 796

67
112 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 113

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO ASIA—Continued

Grain

Barley

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood , Other and unclassified , Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Construction machinery and equipment . .

,

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresChrome

Other and unclassified Metals

Iron Scrap Other and unclassified Petroleum products

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Fiscal year

1991

94
114 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

AFRICA TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued

Petroleum products

Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous Cement

Marble and stone

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Grains, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresManganese

Metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCom

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Petroleum products

Liquefied gas Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

Fiscal year

1 1992
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 115

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

AFRICA TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO OCEANIA:

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods

Fish, refrigerated

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum products

Gasoline Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA (MIDDLE EAST) TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous . .

.

Petroleum products

Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA (MIDDLE EAST) TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Grains

Rice

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Potash Petroleum products

Liquefied gas , Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified , Total

Fiscal year

1991

1 .
116 STAIISTICAL TABLES

Table 10. —Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA (MIDDLE EAST) TO ASIA

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Petroleum products

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil Vegetable Tallow

Container cargo

Total

Fiscal year

1 1992
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 117

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Ores and metals MetalsLead

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Ores and metals OresLead

Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Fiscal year

1991 1990 I

6
118 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

CANADA—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Container cargo

Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Grains

Rice Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and part* Minerals, miscellaneous Borax

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur Other agricultural commodities

Peas, dry Ores and metals OresCopper

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Petroleum products

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous ^

Paper and paper products

Fiscal year

1991

287
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 119

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO CRISTOBAL, R.P.: Petroleum products

Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Grains

Rice Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Kerosene

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

Grains

Rice Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Fiscal year

1991

45
120 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPEContinued Lumber and products—Continued

Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils .

.

Tubes, pipes and fittings Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

.

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash . .

.

Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Phosphates Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds

Peas, dry Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Fiscal year

1991

154
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 121

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPEContinued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds . Tallow Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO AFRICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk

Grains

.

Barley , Rice Wheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

.

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash . .

,

Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Petroleum products Kerosene

Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA

(MIDDLE-EAST):

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, miscellaneous Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . .

.

Grains

Barley

Minerals, miscellaneous

,

Sulfur Petroleum products

Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Fiscal year

1991

34

1
122 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA

(MIDDLE-EAST)—Continued

Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Gasoline

Jet fuel Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL

AMERICA:

GrainWheat

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Petroleum products

Gasoline

Total WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . .

.

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley Oats Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers and composition board Pulpwood

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Fiscal year

1 1992
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 123

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA—Continued

Minerals, miscellaneous—Continued

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Potash

Ores and metals OresCopper

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Peas, dry

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO WEST INDIES:

GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

Total WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

Grains

Barley

Wheat

Fiscal year

1991

210
124 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE—Continued

Grains—Continued

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal Potash

Fertilizer, unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Lead

Zinc Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Oilseeds

Peas, dry Petroleum products Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO AFRICA:

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley , Wheat

Fiscal year

70

2,696 904

100

1,498 194

179

7

171

10788

82

1991

30

3,042

1,38879

1,475 100

3

1 377

4

2

192

10

13

3 53

4

10

14

1530

3 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 125

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CANADA TO AFRICA—Continued

Grains—Continued

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Sulfur Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO ASIA (MIDDLE EAST):

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal Ores and metals Ores

Iron Other and unclassified

Fiscal year

1991

10
126 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table IL—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

Metals

Iron Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses

Skins and hides Sugar

Petroleum and petroleum products

Asphalt Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil fish Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Milk, canned

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified GrainsCom

Sorghum

Wheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsCopper

Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil

Fiscal year

1991

15

15 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 127

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Petroleum and petroleum products—Continued

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsOats Lumber and products Boards and planks

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fishmeal Ores and Metals OresCopper

Other and unclassified MetalsScrap Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Peas, dry

Sugar

Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO CRISTOBAL,

R.P.: Lumber and products, miscellaneous Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

Fiscal year

1991
128 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO CRISTOBAL,

R. P.—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Container cargo

Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Grains

Rice Wheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Ores and metals Ores

Iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Molasses

Sugar, raw

Petroleum products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods Bananas

Dairy products

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Fiscal year

50

29

29

29

25

3

1991

11

52

52

745

15

15

39

1

21

94

94

93

1 13

16

16

15

15

179
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 129

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPEContinued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

Zinc MetalsCopper

Iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Sugar

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china , Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, fish

Oil, vegetable

Seeds, excluding oilseeds , Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO AFRICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish GrainsCorn Wheat

Lumber and products

Fiscal year

1991

2
130 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO AFRICA—

Continued Lumber and products—Continued

Boards and planks Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Sugar

Miscellaneous

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA

(MIDDLE EAST):

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum products

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish

Fruit Vegetables, canned Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, miscellaneous Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Fiscal year

1991

8
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 131

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel Nails, tacks and spikes

Tubes, pipes and fittings ,.., Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash , Fishmeal j^ Nitrate of soda "

I77 Potash '

' 2

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals | ] 425

Ores 274 Copper 15 Jron '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 178 Lead 5

Zinc 4g Other and unclassified 27 Metals J 52 Aluminum 7777! Copper ....'.'.'.'.'. 95

Iron 22 Lead g Zinc .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 26 Other and unclassified 1 Other agricultural commodities 261 Beans, edible 7777777 Cocoa and cacao beans 12 Coffee 94

Cotton, raw 3 Molasses 45 Skin and hides Sugar ..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[['.'.'. '""ibi

Wool, raw

Petroleum and petroleum products 2^003 Crude oil 929

Diesel oil

'

17 Fuel oil, residual 1 039

Gasoline ' jg Other and unclassified Miscellaneous g3^

Bricks and tile 7777777

Fibers, plant Groceries, miscellaneous 1 Liquors and wines 10 Marble and stone i Oil, fish '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.'.'.'. 4

Oil, vegetable I Paper and paper products 1 Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles 2

Fiscal year

27

132

10

16 468

1 1992
132 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CANADA:

Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Nitrate of soda

Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

MetalsCopper

Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous Liquors and wines Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified

Fiscal year

1991

11 \
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 133

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

MetalsCopper

Lead

Zinc Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Sugar

Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish

Fruit Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified GrainsSoybeans

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Construction machinery and equipment

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous , Borax , Nitrates, phosphates and potash ,

Fiscal year

1991

26
134 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash—Continued Ammonium compounds

Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Lead

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Gasoline

Liquefied gas Miscellaneous Cement

Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, fish

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO CRISTOBAL, R.P

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Gasoline

Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fiscal year

1991
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 135

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST INDIESContinued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores

Iron Manganese

Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and petroleum products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish

Fruit Vegetables, canned

Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified

Fiscal year

1991

3
136 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table IL—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE—

Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

GrainsCorn Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Iron Lead

Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Cotton, raw

Coffee Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Skins and hides Wool, raw

Petroleum products

Diesel oil

Fiscal year

1991

14 22

6
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

137

Table ll.-Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPEContinued

Petroleum products—Continued

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, fish '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[['..'. Paper and paper products

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO AFRICA

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[['.'.'.][ Fruit, excluding bananas Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash .......... Ores and metals "

OresLead

Zinc

Metals

Zinc Other agricultural commodities . . . . . . . ] . . . .

.

Coffee Petroleum products

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish '.'.'.'.'.'.'.[[['.'. Fruit, excluding bananas

Nitrates, phosphates and potash , Fishmeal

Fiscal year

1991
138 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 139

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Clay, fire and china

Oil, vegetable

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Meat

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Manganese

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk Canned food, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fruit, excluding bananas

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals Lead Manganese ore Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum products

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Fiscal year

1991
140 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued Canned foods Milk

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Grains

Barley Oats , Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total OCEANIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk

Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Petroleum products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total OCEANIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Vegetables, canned

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Dairy products

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley

Fiscal year

1991 1990

22
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

141

Table ll.-Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EUROPE-Continued

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Ores and metals

" OresLead

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead .....".. Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities 223 Cocoa and cacao beans

' Coffee ' Copra and coconuts Molasses oq Sugar . Wool, raw'

." ."

.*

." .' .' ] .'.'.".'.'.'.'....... ^^^ Petroleum products

Asphalt

Miscellaneous iio

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous ... j; Oil, vegetable

I Paper and paper products ^ Tallow '" -^ Container cargo AjA

All other and unclassified . .

.

'. . . . . .

.'

.' .....'.'.'.." 2 Total 833 OCEANIA TO AFRICA: ^^^^

Canned and refrigerated foods 23 Canned foods ~

Milk 7

Refrigerated foods 19 Dairy products fT

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat j T°^^i ••^•^^^^i;"":::;:::::: —

ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES

Canned and refrigerated foods

1 16 Refrigerated foods 777

Fish r Other and unclassified 1 1 < Chemicals and petroleum chemicals '. .

.' .'

.' 265 Petroleum

Chemicals,

chemicals,

unclassifiedmiscellaneous ^29 Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) .

. 1 292 ^°"^

:::: -^
142 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—Continued

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke)—Continued Coke

Grains

Rice Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . .

,

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Sugar

Petroleum products

Asphalt

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Fiscal year

1991

1,241
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 143

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Bricks and tile , Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Oil, coconut

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Rubber, manufactured

Slag, chnkers and dross Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . .

.

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Machinery and equipment

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Fiscal year

166

72

12

5 4,828

160

2

74

221

18948

66570

32

1991

244

47

3

3 4,831 125

60

92

6

2

4,87198

12,858 12,546 12.515

4 4 4 4

13 4

1 9

9

12 5 8 3

1 1 3 1 11

i .......

"16 .'.'.'.'.'.'. 199 209

199 209 46 45

7 13 10 10 136 141

32 .
144 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICAContinued

Grains—Continued

Rice Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Oil, coconut

Oil vegetable

Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified , Chemicals and petroleum chemicals , Chemicals, miscellaneous , Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous , Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) . . . .

,

Coke , Grains , Rice , Machinery and equipment , Agricultural machinery and implements . .

,

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Manganese

Other and unclassified

Fiscal year

33

3356

1 42

34

24

35

12

18

14

108

107

1991

67

i

'.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 145

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

Metals

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Oil, vegetable Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO CRISTOBAL, R.P.: Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals Metals

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Miscellaneous

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish

Fruit Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods

Fish Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemical, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke)

Fiscal year

1991

j- -
146 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO WEST INDIES—Continued

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke)—Continued

Coal

GrainsCorn

Rice Soybeans

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsLead

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Petroleum products Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black Cement

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Glass and glassware

Fiscal year

1991

5 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 147

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO WEST INDIES—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Porcelainware Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Textiles Wax, paraffm

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified , Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous , Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

,

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Copra and coconuts Ores and metals Ores

Iron Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Other and unclassified Petroleum products

Fuel oil, residual Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Fiscal year

1991

2
148 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

1991 ASIA TO EUROPE—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Seeds, excluding oilseeds . Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION I49

Table 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction—Fiscal Year 1992

[Long tons]

Atlantic Commodity to Pacific Ammonium compounds 647,739 Asbestos 11 ,943 Asphalt lOsioSS Automobiles, trucks, and accessories 277,304 Bananas 8,092 Barley 90^764

Beans, edible 10,453 Benzene 72,002 Borax 652

Bricks and tile 25,925 Canned food products 33,349 Carbon black 1 12,882 Caustic soda 733^538 Cement 3 17,553 Chemicals, petroleum various 1,087,056 Chemicals, various 4,277,070

Clay, fire and china 724,352 Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) 4,424,136 Cocoa and cacao beans 2,034 Coffee 5,856 Coke, petroleum 894,752 Container cargo 12,039^493 Copra and coconuts Corn 14,328,763 Cotton, raw 40,570

Fertilizers, various 2,573,269

Fibers, plant 2J50

Fishmeal

Flour, wheat 272, 1 32 Gasoline 1,640^209 Glass and glassware 7,753

Grains, various 50 1 ,060 Groceries, various 45,733

Infusorial earth 6

Jet fuel 1,031,022 Kerosene 33,384

Liquefied gas 1,085,195 Liquors and wines 2,424 Lumber and products (excluding pulpwood) 3,144,975 Machinery, agricultural 27,270 Machinery, construction 98,572 Machinery, electrical 22'342 Machinery, various 9L241

Manufactures of iron and steel 3,854^205 Marble and stone 1 26,846

Metal, aluminum 464,750

Metal, copper 6^733 Metal, iron 242,972

Metal, lead 2^466 Metal, zinc 4,273 Metal, scrap 1 ,423'872 Metals, various (including tinplate) ' 58^605 Molasses 12,185

Nitrate of soda 58^400 Oats 36,669

Oil, coconut 1 ,459

Oil, crude 4,346^49

Oil, diesel 1,300,167

Oil, fish 483

Pacific
150 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12. —Principal Canal Commodities by Direction—Fiscal Year 1992—

Continued

[Long tons]

Atlantic Pacific Commodity to Pacific to Atlantic Total Oil, lubricating 566,335 212,51

1

778,846

Oil, residual fuel 2,054,696 3,287,059 5,341,755

Oil, vegetable 201,937 214,052 415,989

Oil, whale 4,457 4,457

Oilseeds 236,138 61,089 297,227

Ore, alumina/ bauxite 158,756 769,140 927,896

Ore, chrome 61,630 28,028 89,658 Ore, copper 28,407 1,036,602 1,065,009 Ore, iron 1 19,869 406,706 526,575

Ore, lead 5,200 182,256 187,456 Ore, manganese 140,329 130,426 270,755

Ore, tin 1,652 1,687 3,339 Ore, zinc 34,134 1,158,891 1,193,025 Ores, various 188,187 1,832,967 2,021,154 Paper and paper products 1,077,733 494,391 1,572,124

Peas, dry 3,002 53,454 56,456 Petroleum and products, various 312,958 247,312 560,270 Phosphates 8,354,058 227,215 8,581,273 Porcelainware 10,007 496 10,503 Potash 826,604 2,248 828,852 Pulpwood 1,517,764 2,272,333 3,790,097

Refrigerated food products (excluding

bananas) 764,804 2,749,849 3,514,653 Resin 87,290 1,225 88,515 Rice 137,743 579,936 717,679 Rubber, manufactured 7,194 5,297 12,491 Rubber, raw 6,929 44,371 51,300

Salt 35,972 830,129 866,101

Seeds, excluding oilseeds 71,179 19,898 91,077 Skins and hides 736 120 856

Slag, clinkers, and dross 52,141 11,810 63,951 Soda and sodium compounds 31,393 601,504 632,897 Sorghum 1,946,648 1,946,648 Soybeans 7,207,461 20,020 7,227,481 Sugar 1,449,647 1,885,254 3,334,901 Sulfur 7,605 2,596,076 2,603,681 Tallow 117,047 31,547 148,594

Textiles 8,206 6,933 15,139 Tobacco and manufactures 211 484 695 Toluene 157,301 937 158,238 Wax, paraffin 10,832 32,431 43,263 Wheat 5,434,844 2,188,512 7,623,356 Wool, raw 261 1,465 1,726

All other 617,397 657,246 1,274,643 Total 96,845,771 62,426,847 159,272,618
Other Statistics

151

Table 13.— Water Supply and Usage

MADDEN AND GATUN LAKE WATER SUPPLY:

Total runoff, Madden Lake Basin Evaporation from Madden Lake

Available for Madden Lake usage Municipal water use Madden Lake

Available for downstream usage

Total runoff, Gatun Lake (area below Madden)

Subtotal Evaporation from Gatun Lake

Available for Gatun Lake watershed usage MADDEN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power

Leakage

Spillway discharge " *

.

Municipal _" Total Madden Lake usage GATUN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power

Lockages, Gatun and Pedro Miguel

Municipal and other usages Spillway discharge Total Gatun Lake usage

Fiscal year 1992 1991

(OOO's of Acre-feel)

2,033 —35

1,998 —122

1,876 2.449

4,325 —387

3,938

1,788 —38

1,750 —120

1,630

2,401 4,031 -418

3,613

Percent of usage

Fiscal year

1992 1991

1,728
152 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 15.—Electrical Power Generated

(Gigawatt hours)

Fiscal year

Generation: Gatun hydro station 86 86 Madden hydro station 206 185 Thermal generating stations 357 333

Gross generated by Panama Canal Commission 649 581 Less station service usage (16) (14) Net total generated by Panama Canal Commission 633 567 Power Purchases: Through interconnections from Panama 3 3

Net Energy received for Wheeling 6 5 Power Sales: Through interconnections to Panama (104) (42)

Net power generated and purchased for Canal area only 538 533

Other power generated by military for own use Total Canal area requirements 538 533 Power distributed to Commission's customers 511 510 Transmission and Distribution losses 27 23 Peak load (thousands of kilowatts) 85.5 85.

1

Date of peak load April 8 June 12 Canal area load factor ^ 72% 72%

' One gigawatt hour equal to I million kilowatt hours.

2 Total Canal area requirements divided by number of hours per year times peak load.

Table 16.—Fire Division Statistics

Fiscal Year 1992 Fiscal Year 1991

I Num- I I Num- I ber ber of Property of Properly

fires loss fires loss Panama Canal Commission' 41 $48,219 70 $ 17,654 Armed Forces 2 211 79,377 215 613,687

Private (including ships) 3 173 10,297 81 8,570,239 Republic of Panama •» _62 200 85 4,050 Total 487 $138,093 451 $9,205,630

FY 1992 FY 1991 Total calls minus fires ' 7,220 6,068 Total number of calls (all types) responded to 7,707 6,519

1 Figure includes $35,000.00 fire loss of feeder switch cubicle # 714, Miraflores Power Plant.

2 This amount includes the $18,000 fire loss at Bldg. 662, Howard and the $14,900.00 fire loss at Quarters

46, Howard.

3 Figure does not include the fire loss of MV "Ocean Sky." Data was unobtainable from vessel's agents.

" Responses made to areas reverted to the Republic of Panama but responded by Commission forces, such

as grass fires, railroad fires, etc. . .

5 Includes responses to all types of emergencies (ambulances and fire apparatuses).


UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 05143 0006