Data from the

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

NCHSGrowth Curves

for Children

Birth-18Years

United States

Smoothed percentile distributions of body size (weight, length or

stature, and head circumference) attained at specific chronologic

ages from birth to 18 years and body weight for length are presented and discussed. Height and weight data for adults 18-24 years

are also presented in the tables.

DH EW Publication No. (PHS) 78-1650

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Public Health Service

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Md. November 1977

Series 11

Number 165
I

Library of CongressCataloging in Publication Data

Hamill, Peter V. V.

NCHS growth curves for children.

(Vital and health statistics: Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey; no. 165)

(DHEW publication; (PHS) 78-1650)

Includes bibliographical references.

1. Children-Growth. 2. Children-Growth-Charts, diagrams, etc. .3. Children in the

United States–Anthropometry. I. Hamill, Peter V. V. II. Title. HI. Series: United

States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and health statistics: Series 11, Data

horn the National Health Survey, Data from the health examination survey; no. 165.

IV. Series: United States. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. DHEW publication;

(PHS) 78-1650.

RA407.3.A347 no. 165 [RJ131] 312’.0973s 77-8931

ISBN O-84O6-O1OO-X [612.6’5’0212]
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D.,Assotite Director for Analysis

GAIL F. FLSHE~ Associate Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System

ELIJAH L. WHITE, Associate Director for Data Systems

JAMES T. BAIRD, JR., Ph.D., Associate Director for International StatMics

ROBERT C. HUBER, Associate Director forManagement

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph.D., Associate Director for Mathematical Statktics

PETER L. HURLEY, Associate Director for Operations

JAMES M. ROBEY, Ph.D., Associate Director for Program Development

PAUL E. LEAVERTON, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

DIVISION OF”HEALTH EXAMINATION STATISTICS

MICHAEL A. W. HATTWICK, M.D., Director

PETER V. V. HAMILL, M.D., Medical Adviser

JEAN ROBERTS, Chie~ Medical Statistics Branch

ROBERT MURPHY, C.kief, Survey Planningand Development Branch

COOPERATION OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

h accordanceV&I specificationsestablisbcdby tbe NaticmalCenterfor Heahh Statistics,

the Bureauof tbe Census,undera contmctualagreement,participatedin the designandselection of the sample,and carriedout the fimt stageof tbe fieIdintcn’iewingandcertainpartsof

thestatisticalpmcming.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 1l-No. 165

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 78-1650

Libmy of Congress Catalog CmdN.nrber 77-8931
.,

.

CONTENTS

introduction ....................................... ......................................................................................................

Mctbod .....................................................................................................................................................

Fels Research Institute Data ................................................................................................................

NCHS Data ....................................................................................................................... ..................

Population Reference Data ..................................................................................................................

Growth Charts ....................................................................................................................................

Discussion ................................................................................................................................................

Wcigbt Distributions by Length ...........................................................................................................

Uses and Rdiabfi~of NCHSSmootied Pemntile titifor Attined Body Wze ............................

Recumbent Length or Stature ..............................................................................................................

curve Smoothing ........................... ..............................................................................................W.....

Secular Trend ................................................" .....................................................................................

References ...............................................................................................................................................

List of Detailed Tables ..............................................................................................................................

Appendixes

I. Growtbcbarls ...............................................................................................................................

If. TecfmicafNotes .............................................................................................................................

LIST OF FIGURES

I. Comptison ofsdecWdpmcenties ofw&@tforrecumbent len@titi wti@tforstatm, indutig

a l-centimeter adjustment as a typical median difference between recumbent Iength and stature:

Mafes, bktb-l. years, F.efs Researcb Institute da@males, 2-11.5 yems, National Centmfor Hd&

Statistics &@ .....................................................................................................................................

2. Sdected p=cmWes ofwti@tby stit@forprepubescent mdes:Obsewed tita, Fels R~edhtitute; smoothed data, Nationaf Center for Heaftb Statisti~ ...............................................................

1

;

4

5

5

5

6

6

7

9

14

14

16

IS

51

64

11

12

,.,

iii
SYMBOLS

Datanot avaib.ble-——-————— ---

Category non applicable---- . . .

Quantity ZmO——--—––-——--–— . -

Qnantity more than O but lessthan0.05-— 0.0

Figure does not meet standards of

reliabihy or precision .— *

.
NCHS GROWTH CURVES FOR CHILDREN BIRTH-18 YEARS

Peter V. V. Hamill, M.D., M.P.H., Terence A. Dnzd, M.S.P.H., and

Clifford L. Johnson, M.S.P.H., Dirsirion of Health Examination Statistics;

Robert B. Reed, Ph.D~, Professor of Biostatistics, Harvard University; and

Alex F. Roche, Ph.D., M.D., Senior Scientist, Fels Research Institute,

Yellow Springs, Ohio

INTRODUCTION

In 1974 the National Academy of Sciencesl

urged that new growth charts for infants and

children be prepared using current data for the

nutritional assessment of populations of infants

and children in the United States. The Academy

recommended using the data on growth and

development collected over the past decade by

the Health Examination Surveys (HES) of the

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS),

supplemented by age-appropriate sets of height

and weight data on infants and children from

the Fels Research Institute and from an Ohio

State University team headed by Dr. George

Owen. Earlier” (1971), a study group, cosponsored by the American Academy of Pediatrics

and the Maternaf and Child Health Program,

Public Health Service, Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare ‘(DHEW), had made

similar recommendations.z Thk latter report

emphasized the use of such data in the clinicaf

assessment of the growing infant and child,

thereby supplementing nutritional screening and

other epidemiologic assessments of populations

of children. Again, in 1975, a research-oriented

study group sponsored by the National Institute

of Child Health and Human Development made

similar recommendations.3 Furthermore, each

of the groups recommended that one set of data

for afl races would be sufficient for practical

purposes, despite the small but actual differences in body measurements noted among racial

groupings.

In addition to these recommendations, there

were other pressing reasons for constructing new

growth charts for today’s children to replace the

venerable Stuart-Meredith charts of the 1940’s.

New charts would serve the urgent prognm

needs of two DHEW agencies that administer

many important community programs: the

Nutrition Surveillance Program of the Center for

Dkease Control (CDC) and the Bureau of Community Health Services. Furthermore, new

charts could make optimaf use of HES data on

the growth and development of children, including the most recent data from the Health and

Nutrition Surveys (HANES). Thus an NCHS task

force of experts from outside of government and

from CDC and NCHS was formed to construct a

new set of growth charts. The task force members were R. Reed, Professor of Biostatistics,

Harvard University; A. Roche, Senior Scientist,

Fels Research Institute; G. Owen, Professor of

Pediatrics, University of New Mexico; M. Lane,

M. Nichaman, and J. Goldsb y, Nutrition Surveillance Program, CDC; T. Drizd, J-P Habicht, C.

Johnson, A. McDowell, and P. Hamifl, chairman,

afl representing NCHS. The resulting growth

charts’ accompany this report (figures I-XIV in

aPPendix I ~d table= 1-19)-

aMore precisely, the product of thk activity is a set

of smoothed percentile dktributions of body size

(weight, length or stature, and head circumference), attained at anv given chronohwic age from birth to 18

years and body-weight by length for prepubescent children. Graphs representing these curves are presented as

(Continued)

1
The new charts and tables were constructed

using current body measurement data and exploiting the most recent advances in data analysis and computer technology. These data are

derived either from the Fels Research Institute

or from the Herdth Examination Surveys of the

National Center for Health Statistics. One set of

charts for children from birth to 3 years (figures

I-VIII) is based on body measurements colIected

at Fela Research Institute during the 1929-75

period. The set of charts for children 2-18 years

of age (figures IX-XIV) is based on NCHS data

which were collected between 1963 and 1974.

The NCHS task force benefited from the

advice offered by many interested agencies and

individuals; most importantly they benefited

from the Preschool Nutrition Survey of 1968-

70. In this survey, body measurements of 3,500

children aged 1-5 years were collected by the

Ohio State University team headed by Dr.

0wen.4 HIS group collected body measurements

in a manner similar to Fels and NCHS. These

data were very useful as interim data and for

comparative purposes until the HANES data on

preschool children became available. However,

these data were not used in constructing the new

growth charts because the task force tried to

(Footnote a continued)

well as data from selectedpoints on the smoothed:percentile curves in tabular form. As will also be explsmed,

these curves sre “contained” in a deck of 308 computer

Csrds.

The term “growth charts” is cosnruonly used (and

misused) in referriug to several ~pes of data by which

chd@en’s growth status is assessed. Sizes aftaz%ed at a

given age are the bases of these NCHS “cbsrts” rmd

shoufd be distinguished from growth rmlocity charts,

which can only be constructed from, and used for,

longitudinally obtained incremental data. Specialists

in ?YOWh disorders need growth velocity ChWS beca~e

growth velocity charts are more sensitive indicators of

slight changes in growth status than the more visual

“sizes-attained” growth records. Of course, the more

sensitive “charts” are SISO more sensitive to errors in

both their origiial construction and their application,

and they are more difficult to interpret. The more common NCHS type of curve is based on cross-sectional

data; these curves are used most properly to compare

body sizes of cbiidrerr at one given point in time as weU

as to chart clinically the gTowtb curve of the individual

chiid. These more common mrves provide a good

approximation untif the erratically phased pubertal

growth spurts begin.

avoid pooling data sets wherever possible, keeping the number of reference populations to a

minimum.

The first two groups of charts (figures

I-VIII), which cover the period birth-36 months

separately by sex, present curves for body

weight by age, recumbent length by age, weight

by length (assuming an approximate independence of chronologic age under 4.o years) ,b and

head circumference by age. These data were

derived from the body measurements of 867

children who were followed in a longitudinrd

study conducted at the Fela Research Institute

from birth to 24 years by serial examination: at

birth, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months,

1 year, 1% years, 2 years, 2% years, 3 years of

age, and wery year or two thereafter.c The sample chiIdren were drawn from middfe-class white

fam~les who lived within a convenient distance

to Yellow Springs, Ohio (about 25 miles east of

Dayton), to be studied for many years in this

longitudinal study. These children were the

products of essentially normal birthsd and were

in reasonably good health. As will be considered

more fully in the Discussion section of this report, the biases introduced by this imperfect

sampling design were judged not of sufficient

magnitude to disqualify the use of these data,

especially since there were rio suitable alternative data for the first year of life. Other factors,

such as the technical reliabilityy of the measurements, the huge sample size, and the availab~lty

bAs WiII be discussed further, this growth Statistic

assumes an approximate age independence from infancy

untiI the occurrence of the marked changes in body proportions that begin in eady pubescence and continue

past puberty. Its most irnsnediate practical use k for

those areas of the world where the chiidren being

assessed do not have accurately recorded birth dates,

cSome chiidren were not measured at every exarnk

nation period; the average number examined at any

given age under 18 years was between 700 and S00.

d’fhcre was a purposeful overrepresentation of

multiple births in the FeIs study population. There were

4 sets of tripkts, all of whom were excluded from these

analyses; however, 14 sets of twins were retained because

their body measurements were not significantly different from those of the other children. There was no

exclusion for low birth weight (40 of tbe 867 children,

or 4.6 percent, weighed Icss than 2,500 grams; onfy 1

child weighed less than 1,500 grams),

2
of all the data in a computer-compatible form

more than compensated for the sampling deficiencies for these purposes.

The sex-specific charts for children 2-18

years include curves for body weight by age,

stature by age, and weight by stature (only for

prepubescent children).’ NCHS data from three

separate surveys were used in their construction:

HES Cycle 11 of children ages 6-11 years (1963-

65), HES Cycle HI of youths ages 12-17 years

(1966-70), and HANES I of children ages 1-17

years (1971-74) (a chronologic age subset of the

total data, ages 1-74 years). Bemuse of the similarity and efficiency of the stratified probability

sample designs, the data from the three NCHS

surveys (see tables 18 and 19, figures XV-XVHI)

could be both melded for consecutive age groupings and combined when certain age groups

overlapped (i.e., after separate study of their

comparability, which is described in appendix II,

the data of HANES children 6-17 years were

“pooled” with those of HES Cycle II and HES

Cycle HI). The nationally representative nature

of these HES data has been described in published reports.5 -a

Of the sets of data used to prepare the

growth charts, only the HES data on heights and

weights of children 6-17 years, collected in

1963-70, have been reported previously.g. 10

Parts of the Fels data have been used in other

publications,] 1‘15 and data from the first half

of the HANES I sample were included in a previous preliminary report.16 Both of these groups

of data are presented in this report and will be

eAa is discussedelsewhere,there is anassumptionof

aP~mx~ate age independence in the relationship of

weight by lcingth from infancy untif the occurrence of

the marked changes in body proportions which begin in

early pubescence snd continue past puberty. Its most

immediate practicaf use is for those sreas of the world

where accurate birth dates have not been recorded for

the children being assessed. To maximize the range of

the applicable population while minimizing d~tortion of

the data by pubescent chifdren, the cmves were constructed using the foflowing sets of HES-HANES datx

(1) afl girls tafler than 90 centimeters but shorter than

137 centimeters (which was the 95th percentile in

stature for HES girls S years of age) and ages 10 years

or less; and (2) an boys tsfler than 90 centimeters but

shorter than 145 centimeters (which was the 95th pmcentite in stature of HES boys at age 9.5 years) and ages

11.5 years or less.

compared with each other and with the HES

data at common points of age overlap.

The seven percentile curves (i.e., 5th, 10th,

25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles) in

each chart are based on percentile points of observed data grouped by age, which were

smoothed by a le”mt squares cubic sp!ine technique developed at the University of Wisconsin

by DeBoors and Rice.l 7 “Splining” is a %erm

borrowed from carpentry and mechanics to, describe a mode of joining two independent pieces

by a third piece which becomes common to

both. In this mathematical application, the

“pieces” are polynomials of a degree n, connected at selected points (knots) and each pair

of successive polynomials having at the knot

identical values of their function and of the

first n-1 derivatives. Thus, in the cubic” spline

functions used in this case, two cubics have the

same value, the same slope or velocity, and the

same acceleration at the knot where they are

joined. The number and placement of these

knots requires both knowledge of the properties

of the data and pragmatic tests of the results.

The program used in this work provides for

choosing either a fixed or a variable knot mode

of placement. With fixed knots, the program

iterates to obtain a least squares fit subject to

the specified locations of the knots. With variable knots, the program varies the knot Iogations

from an initially specified set in order to achieve

the least squares fit with the minimaf residual.

The NCHS task force tested many combinations of optimally fitting the smoothed curves to

the data. Repeatedly, they varied the number

and location of the knots, using both the fixed

knot and the variable knot programs and evaluated many delineations of the various data sets.

Although some general rules usually suggested at

least an approximate knot selection (see appendix II), the best choices were ultimately made

by comparing the predicted curves against con:

cornitantly printed overlays of the observed

data points and by using @lmum residusds.

The goal was to achieve a maximal smoothing

consonant with the least distortion of the plotted percentile points in the original observed

data. With these data it was found that fixed

knots at the same ages for all percentiles ii a

given chart (e.g., weight by age, birth-36

3
months) produced percentile lines that were not

IocaUy distorted while yielding a good fit to the

observed data.

The metric scale was generally used throughout the life of these data in terms of data generation (i.e., the original body measurements), data

preparation, data analysis, and chart construction. However, to help the task force members,

the data would occasionally be converted to

pounds and inches. The basic scfing of the

charts is metric; however, for the convenience of

those users who are steadfastly rooted in the

English system of weights and measurements,

supplementary designations in pounds and

inches are provided as well.

METHOD

The measuring techniques are essentially as

described in the National Academy of Sciences

subcommittee repord published by CDC. The

minor differences in instrumentation and technique used by the Fels Research Institute md

by the National Center for Health Statistics

have all been taken into account and will be

described separately within this report.

Fels Research 1nstitute Data

Weight. –Nude body weight was accurately

measured using a regularly calibrated beam balante. The children were measured nude up to 2

years of age. Two- and three-year-olds wore

standardized clothing; the weight of this clothing

was subtracted from the observed data.

Recumbent length.-Recumbent lengths

were obtained on most subjects from birth to

24 years of age, and two examiners were always

employed to help with the proper alignment of

the subject and to hold the younger children properly. The subject was stretched out fully on a

specially constructed measuring table, his head

touching the fixed headboard, and the flattening

of any lumbar Iordosis was attempted. Keeping

the child’s knees as extended as possible, the

examiner brought the footboard up firmly

a~st tie soles of the feet to create a right

angle. The head circumference was taken with a

steel tape placed 1 inch above the glabella in

front and at the maximum diameter of the occiput. The tape was carefully kept in one horizontal plane and drawn snugly.

In this serial study, every effort was made to

assure independence of observations of measurements from one visit to another. The measurers

did not have access to previous data at the time

of measurement. At each visit every child was

measured twice (i.&, by two anthropometrists

who worked cooperatively and also exchanged

measuring roles). Interobserver differences are

known to be small.

Status-e.-At about 2% years of age, or when

the subjects could stand erectly, stature was

measured in addition to recumbent length. It

was measured in the standard manner. with the

head in the Frankfort plane, the child stood tall

and erect without upwm-d pressure exerted on

the mastoids, and he obeyed the examiner’s

instruction to “Take a deep breath and hold it.“

Thus, from approximately 3 years of age

most of the subjects had a dual set of linear

measurements: recumbent length and stature.

However, the Fels stature measurements were

not used in the construction of the charts; they

were used only for amdysis and in discussion of

technical problems.

NCHS Data

Weight.–A Toledo self-balancing scale,

which prints the weight directly onto a permanent record, minimized observer and recorder

error. The printed weight was later transferred

to a punched card and subsequently to magnetic

tape. AIthough all body weight data from Fels

represent nnde weights, those from HES include

Iight, standardized examination clothing with

the following approximate weights at various

ages: 0.05 kilograms at 1 and 2 years, 0.09 kilograms at 3-5 years, and 0.11 to 0.30 kilograms

from 6 to 18 years.

Stature. –Stature (standing height) was measured on a stadiometer. In the standard manner

(used aIso in the Fels measurement collection)

the chiId stood in stocking feet with feet

together and back and heels against the upright

bar of the stature scale. In neither the Fels study

nor in the Health Examination Survey (HES)

was upward pressure exerted on the subjects’

mastoids by the examiner to purposefully

“stretch everyone in a standard manner” as has

been done in other studies.ls-zo

However, the HES equipment had different

characteristics from that used in the Fels study.

4
It consisted of a level platform onto which was

attached a vertical bar with a steel tape. A horizontal bar, which was connected to the vertical

bar, was brought down snugly on the examinee’s

head. A Polaroid camera, attached to another

bar in the same plane as the horizontal measuring bar, recorded the subject’s identification

number next to the pointer on the scale, giving a

precise reading. This objective and permanent recording eliminated parallax and reduced

observer and recording error.

Recumbent length. –Although the data were

not actually used in this report, HANES also obtained recumbent length by using a specially

constructed body measurement board on all

children aged 12-24 months and on many of the

children aged 24-36 months using essentially the

same technique described for the Fels study.

These recumbent length data have been useful

for quality control pm-poses in relation to the

data sets used to prepare the charts. These data

will be considered further in the Discussion section of this report.

RESULTS

The List of Detailed Tables that follows the

text of this report provides good information

about the data presented in this report. The list

that follows summarizes the population reference data tabtdated as observed (i.e., before

smoothing).

Population Reference Data

I. Fels Research Institute Data (tables 1-5)

A. Recumbent length: birth-20 years, table

1

B. Body weight: birth-20 years, table 2

C. Stature: 2%-20 years, table 3

D. Head circumference: birth-7 years, table

4

E. Relationship between body weight and

recumbent length: birth-48 months,

table 5

II. NCHS data (tables 6-8)

A. Stature: 2-24 years, table 6

B. Body weight: 2-24 years, table 7

C. Relationship between body weight and

stature: prepubescent children, table 8

Comparable smoothed data are also presented in tables 9-15 where points along the

smoothed percentile curves are listed. Other sets

of data which liave been used for comparisons

and discussion of technical problems are presented in tables 16-19.

Growth Charts

Fourteen charts have been produced: four

for boys, four for girls aged birth-3 years; three

for boys aged 2-18 years; and three for girls

aged 2-18 years. The set of charts for infants from

birth-36 months was all based, after appropriate smoothing techniques, on data collected by

the Fels Research Institute from 1929-75 (figures I-VIII). The format for the recumbent

length by age, body weight by age, and head

circumference by age is traditional and requires

no further explanation. However, the weight for

length presentation is unusual: The construction of these charts assumes approximate chronologic age independence, as has been stated, and

pools all the data from ages birth-48 months:

rearranging them in length intervals by 2-

centimeter ~oupings. Within each 2-centimeter

grouping, the associated body weights are then

distributed in the seven percentile curves. So in

clinical assessment, for any child under approximately 4 years for whom recumbent length has

been measured, the appropriate length is found

on the sex-appropriate graph, and his body

weight can be compared with that of rdl children

of the same sex having a similar recumbent

length, by percentile placement.

The group of sex-specific charts of children

ages 2-18 years, based on the HANES data, ages

2-5 years, and the pooled HANES and HES

Cycles II and III data, ages 6-17 years, are depicted in figures IX-XIV. The sex-specific charts

fThe additiond 12 months’ datafrom 3648 months

were added to construct these chsrts not ordy to round

out the weight and length distributions, especially for

the larger children near 36 months, but also to stabilize

the ends of the curves by counteracting a tendency of

the spline curve smoothing technique to “whip the

ends. ”

5
of statureby ageg and weight by age use similar

data sets, but the chart of weight by stature of

the boys is somewhat different from the chart

of weight by stature for girls. Because girls reach

puberty and the onset of pubescence 1%-2 years

before boys (an estimated 19 months earlier

according to HES datal 0), the two data sets for

prepubesccnce had to be selected and defined

differently.

Iu construction of these weight-by-length

charts, approximate chronologic age independence “of this relationship has been assumed from

birth until the marked changes in body size and

proportions occurring at the pubertal growth

spurt. But in cross-sectional data as that jointly

provided by HES and HANES, there are no

serial body measurements on each subject from

which to construct individual growth charts,

whic~ would clearly indicate when this growth

spurt has started. In addition, data about the

presence or absence of the correlated phenomena of pubescence were not obtained on chilrken under 12 years of age. Consequently, the

truncation of the upper end of the data set

could only be defined by chronologic age and

Kody size measurements, and separately for boys

and girk.

very few girls would have reached the earliest pubescent growth changes in stature or

‘weight by 8.0 years of age so that their effect on

the data set is negligible. For example, the frost

effects of the pubescent growth spurt of sufficient magnitude affecting enough girls to influence cross-sectional population data have been

“estimated to occur at 10.25 years.10 But rather

than truncating the NCHS reference population

at age 8.0 years, an attempt was made to maximiz~ the age range of the population for which

these data are appropriate (i.e., to include most

prepubescent gik, regardless of chronologic

age). The most precocious maturers would likely

be the tallest because those children who have

been largest since birth tend to mature at an

early age and also because those who do mature

early consequently become larger than the rest.

SIJntil almost 3.0 years of age, those dataarea suixtnre of recnsahent length and stature measurements and

may, therefore, be as much as 2 centimeters higher than

“if all were stature measurements. This will be discussed

in further detail in this section.

By excluding the tallest members of the population, the chronologic age couId safely be extended to 10.0 years with very little risk of data

contamination by pubescent girls. Consequently,

if only those girls whose stature was greater than

137 centimeters (i.e., above the 95th percentile

at age 8 years by HES data) were excluded from

the NCHS data set, the height and weight measurements from the remaining girls could safely

serve as a prepubescent reference population.

Thus, the concomitant constraints of chronoIogic age and stature enable production of the

largest and most broadly applicable NCHS data

set, commensurate with a very high safeguard

against distortion by the somatic changes in

pubescent girls.

Analogous constraints were used to arrive at

the appropriate data set for boys. But, because

the boys lag bebind the girls in maturity by

approximately 19 months,] O both the chrono.

Iogic age limit (i.e., 11.5 years rather than 10.0

years) and the age at which the height constraint

of 146 centimeters was chosen (i.e., 95th percentile at 9.5 years opposed to 8.0 years) were

placed 18 months later than those of the girls.

Hence, sdthough the data sets upon which the

two charts are constructed are somewhat different (and as can readily be seen comparing figure

XIII with figure XIV, the relevant stature range

is 9 centimeters greater for boys than for girls),

the most important biologic constraint is common for both. The appearance of the earliest

signs of pubescence,h regardless of chronologic

age, invalidates the applicability of these charts

of weight by stature to that individual.

DISCUSSION

Weight Distributions by Length

Attempts to separate populations of people

into groups expressing degrees of leanness or

fatness with quantitative precision have usuaIly

related measurement o.f weight to height in some

way. “Ponderal index” (height cubed/weight)

hThe signs of early pubescence are breast buddia%

testicular eulargemcn~ aud growth, coarsening, and

PiSm~fig of ZXWIY and pubic hair. (Pubic hair

development is frequently the most nseful single indicafor in fieId studies.)
has been used frequently and offers some conceptual appeal by cubing the nnidmensional

m-e%-iure (stature) making it three dimensional

and, hopefully, more like a three-dimensional

volumetric measure which might afford a more

appropriate comPfison with weight. However,

in practice, thk index is limited because i!

behaves differently within the two sexes and at

different ages as the axis by which excessively

lean or excessively fat children and/or adults are

distinguished from the “normals.” In this report

neither the ponderrd index nor any of the other

ratios or formulas are presented: not interpretive

quantitative indices but the more descriptive

percentile distributions of body weights by sex

are used for a given length or stature.

This report is not proclaiming a new biologic

principle that the relationship between weight

and height is essentially linear and age independent from birth to the beginning of the pubertal

growth spurt (at which time body propotiions

and the relationships of weight to stature begin

to change dramaticallyzl ). On the contrary, a

subsequent report will demonstrate that this is

not quite true, at least for children from 2 years

amd older. In a normal population of growing

children of the same height, those who are

chronologically older will also be slightly

heavier. It is considered, however, that the age

independence of the relationship is close enough

so that body weight dktributed by stature

groupings is a useful statistical device for classifying populations especially into various categori$?s of nutritionally related growth

dkturbances. It can be most useful when other

critical information such as chronologic age is

either unknown or unreliably reported, and if

weight and height are the only body measurements that can be obtained accurately (especially when lacking an accurate measure of triceps or sub scapular skinfold, or even a reliable

upper urn Circumference).

Usesand Reliability of NCHS Smoothed

PercentilesCurvesfor Attained Body Size

The NCHS tables are based on current and

high quafity growth data as well as on the most

recent advances in data processing and analysis.

These charts should be worthy replacements for

the venerable Stuart-Meredith charts, which first

appeared in 1946.22 AH the steps of data handling

and chart production are uniquely documentable

and reproducible-from sampling design and execution to measurement milieu, from data editing

to final data set selection, and from the selection

and modification of the curve-smoothing process

to the production of the final computerized

curves. In addition, the generation of the equations and the plotting of the curves maybe duplicated on any large digital computer with plotting

capability, either to produce charts or for computer storage to analyze data from new studies.

The information necessary to reproduce the percentile curves is contained in a deck of 308 computer cards that could be supplied by NCHS.

For clinical use, however, accurate grotih charts

for widespread dk.semination based on the

NCHS percentiles have already been produced

by the Ross Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio.

Several major research and service projects, which

will be facilitated by computer processing of

large amounts of anthropometnc, clinical, and

nutritional data in comparison with the NCHS

reference data, are already ‘underway using the

deck of computer cWds. The Nutrition Surveillance Program of CDC, having contributed significantly to the development of these percentile

curves, has been, of course, the first to exploit

this resource in their progmun. During the past

several decades researchers at Harvard collected

extensive anthropometric data on more than

800 cases of congenitrd heart disease, both preand post-operatively. These data will now be

quantified with the NCHS reference points and

many crucial questions (e.g., optimal age of

surgical intervention in specified conditions to

tilmize permanent growth retardation) can be

systematically worked on. In addition, several

programs are nuder way for measuring the positive growth effects of nutritional and medical

care intervention, utilizing the deck of NCHS

computer cards.

The widespread use of this common standard reference will facilitate the much needed

comparative and standardized studies of populations, both on national and international levels.

The practical advantage of reproducibility facilitates widespread computer use and creates a

“common coinage,” another virtue of articulating and documenting such a complex process.

With future new information, new concepts, or

7
more efficient ways of organizing and looking at

these kinds of growth data, the steps in the production of those percentile curves can be

retraced; the juncture of major decisions can be

reexamined; and modifications can rationally be

applied on firm grounds without distorting the

integrity of the remaining body of data. This

degree of definition and articulation is also valuable epidemiologically by enabling clear and

detailed comparisons of this body of reference

data, which also includes a host of other biologic

and socioeconomic variables associated with

growth and development in the data of the

Hesdth Examination Surveys, with other bodies

of growth data, including their associated variables.

New charts, which accurately represent the

growthi of cbiIdren in the Ufited States, @l

probably not have to be constructed for a long

time because of the technical quality of these

charts & population estimates and also because

children’s growth rates, which had been increasing for the past century or more, have apparently stabilized, at Ieast for the present. (See the

section, “Secular Trends,” for further discussion of this latter point.)

High as this task force claims the overall

qurdity of these charts to be, all segments of all

charts are not of identical statistical quality or

quality Of population estimate. Some segments

are better than others. The better segments will

continue to be used after segments of lesser

quality have been replaced or modified.

The parameters of body weight, length,

stature, and head circumference, by increasing

chronologic age arranged in percentile distributions, have been very nseful and probabIy wiIl

continue to be useful for many years to. come.

The capability of presenting them in smoothed

percentile curves (of the articulated quality in

this report) represents a distinct advance over

presentation of these variables with a central

tendency (mean or median) and standard deviaiGrowth charting, in the context of this paper, as

stated in the CTutroduction,” always means dirtance

curves or size attained at a given age (or length) as @stingnished from growth velocity rwves, which are incremental or rate estimates aud cm only be constricted

from longitudinal data. ThE distinction becomes most

criticaf at the pubertal growth spmt.g,1 0,23-26

tions or synthetically generated or handsmoothed percentiles. The relationship between

weight and length is complex, and in this first

large-scale organization of data, the task force

was aware of walking on thin ice. The assumption of age independence over the age span used

is only approximately true, at best. In addition,

-there were many alternative ways to define the

“ages and body sizes considered, each tvith somewhat different consequences. Some of the uses

and abuses have been foreseen, but certainly not

all of them. As more detaiIed epidemiologic,

clinical, and experimental data (metabolic and

growth) are applied to these reference data,

much will be learned, and modifications and

rdterations will probably be made. However, the

basic population estimates as defined and presented here are good data.

Because of the nature and efficiency of the

samples, all the NCHS data provide somewhat

more reliable population estimates, and of

known quality and reliability, than are provided

by the corresponding data from the Fels

Research Institute. The sampling design of the

Fels data is acknowledged to be limited geographically, culturally, socioeconomically, and

genetically. In addition, careful comparisons of

the Fels body measurements with NCHS data

show that, although the median values are quite

similar, both the low and high outer percentiles

are slightly restricted in the Fek data; that is,

the Fels population is slightly less heterogeneous

than is the more nationally representative NCHS

sample. However, birth weights of the Fels study

subjects compared with a nationally representative set available from the National Center for

Health Statistical were remarkably similar when

jA recently available5-percentsample(not yet pubfished) of aff live bii weightsia the United Statesin

1974 stratified by race, region, and socioeconomic level.

The median birth weight for the total U.S. sample was

3.32 kilograms(3.36 kilogramsfor whitesalone), while

that of the Felssamplewasafso3.32kilograms.The sexspecific mediansagreed almost as welb 3.40 kilograms

for both Fels and U.S. males aud 3.25 and 3.26 kifoWsms for Fels and U.S. femrdes, respectively, When

children with low birth weights (i.e., less than 2,500

wrns) were compared, the two samples were,

a!Wn,very simflM: about 7.4 percentof the U.S. sample

aud about 7.9 percent of the Fels children fell in this

category. Interestingly, when the two samples were

(Confina)
adjusted for race and multiple births, with only

sfightly less than the expected 5 percent of the

Fels babies above the U.S. 95th percentile.

Beginning at age 1 year (the earfiest point at

which there are comparable data from Fels and

HES), there is a sfight restriction at the extreme

percentiles of the Fels data. This restricted

distribution ia slightly greater for weight and

weight by length .than it is for length. This

slightly augments the restriction of the 90th and

95th percentiles of Fels data of weight by length

compared with NCHS data of weight by stature,

when appropriately repositioning and adjusting

the overlapping charts for the known systematic

differences between recumbent length and

stature measurements. Some of this disjuncture

at the highest percentile is due in part to a Fels

sampling bias as well as to inherent problems,

especially at these ages, when attempting to

compare recumbent length with stature measurements. (This will be dkcussed further in the

text.)

Akhough there were no technical reasons to

doubt the reliability of the head circumference

population estimates based on the Fels data,

either by evidence of internal inconsistencies of

the data or when compared with other available

data from highly imperfect samples, the confidence with which these data can be offered is

diminished by the fact that there were no other

reliable NCHS types of population estimates to

which they could be compared at any age. (The

NCHS head circumference data available at thk

time are known to be tectilcally flawed.) Therefore, our confidence cannot be as great for these

data as it is for the data on stature by age and

the body weight by age percentiles, especially

between ages 6 and 18 years when there was

, almost perfect agreement between the two corresponding sets of NCHS data (HANES and

HES), each of which, in itself, provided highly

reliable estimates of those population parameters.

(Footnote -icontinued)

modified to achieve m-am cornparability (i.e., U.S.

whkes against Fels sample adjusted to reflect the U.S.

proportion of twinningbecause the Fels study purposefully had contained an excess of twius),the percentages

of low bti weightswere almostidenticalfor the United

Statesand Fela(6.3 and 6.4 percent).

In summary, although there is some variation in the degree of confidence in the permanency, the reliability, and present usefulness

of the data and the charts as population estimates, there are only three smalf known exceptions to our claim that these charts represent

highly accurate population estimates. First,

there is very slight limitation of the variation or

heterogeneity of the Fels study participants in

body weight. Second, due to this slight sampling

restriction and also to some probable biases and

tecMlcal problems in both measurement of

recumbent length and statures, and selection of

samples between ages 2 and 3 years, there is a

limitation of the 90th and 95@ percentile of

weight by length, most pronounced at those

body lengths corresponding approximately to

ages 2 ad 3 years. And thwd, as will be discussed in more detail, there is an upward distortion of the stature-by-age curves between 2 and

3 years because of an unavoidable admixture of

recumbent lengths and stature measurements

which is most marked nearest to 2 years of age

where the upward distortion is approximately

1.5 to 2 centimeters, and it approaches zero distortion at 3 years. The judgment of the NCHS

task force was to adhere strictly to a poficy of

no data adjustments, and to describe deficiencies we knew about, indeed, to bring them

clearly to the attention of those who would be

using our charts.

Recumbent Length or Stature

The relationship between the two major

modes of estimating the linear extent of the long

axis of the body—recumb ent length measured on

a board and stature measured on a stadiometer—

is complex. In those few studies in which both

measurements were performed on a subject at

the same visit, the median recumbent length was

usually 1 centimeter to approximately 1Y2centimeters greater than was the median of stature.

But as Roche and Davilal 1 have pointed out,

even the median differences are quite study specific. The overalf median differences reported in

only four separate studies ranged from O.7

centimeter to 1.7 centimeters. However, the

‘range of median differences was greater and

varied by sex and age. The median differences

9
wer: greatest among the youngest children (2-

and 3-year-olds), and tended to be slightly

greater among girls and to be less among the

fatter and possibIy also the tall children at any

given age.

The exact reasons why measurements of

recumbent Iengthj which momentarily relieves

the upright body from gravitational pressure,

are approximately 1 to 1.5 centimeters greater

than those for stature for most people, are not

completely clear. Increase in the intervertebral

disk spaces due to relief from gravitational pressure probably requires more recumbent time

than the few minutes usually allotted for these

kinds of examinations. A large part of the cause

is probably not related to this strictly physica.-

mechanical explanation, but rather to a more

dynamically postural one which includes muscle

tone and body set. Some of the known sources

of variation are sex, age, time of day of measurement, length of time (recumbent versus upright),

“body size, postural attitude and psychological

set of the subject, and the sub tIe and complex

differences between the two techniques as employed by different examiners and in different

examination settings.

Because of this complex set of factors and

from the examination of median differences,

Roche and Davila rightly conclude in their

report that directly recording each of the two

variables is the ideal.] 1 But when only one measurement is available, and when, for the sake of

continuity, it is necessary to convert, then a reasonable adjustment can be made in most cases,

if there are sufficient sets of dual measurements

and a proper analysis of the datafiom the same

study. In other words, each study must calibrate

its own median differences. Otherwise, the

adjustments will be very crude (between ~.5 and

2 centimeters for most of the youngest children

and approximately 1 centimeter for most of the

adolescents and adults if standzwd measuring

tectilques are accurately applied for both sets

of measurements).

The situation is actually more complex than

the examination of median differences and a

cursory look at correlation coefficients would

suggest. A preliminary examination of the distribution of. the differences between these two

examinations by individual subject is even more

confusing and warrants a more detailed discussion than is possible here. The differences are

startlingly large for a small part of the sample,

large enough in these particular subjects to

invalidate any conversion from one mode to the

other, using a median adjustment, even a studyspecific one. In these extreme pairs it is difficqlt

to determine what part is situatiord (measuring

technique and milieu and also the subject’s

cooperation and behavior), and what part

reflects true biologic variation (which could *O

include some pm.tural deformity). When a series

of dual measurements is available on the same

subject at repeated visits, it would seem that if

only one pair were in the extreme range, then it

would most likely be related to the measuring

technique. If the difference between recumbent

length and stature is consistently large or small

in the absence of known structural, postural, or

behavioral defects, then it must be concluded

that the subject is a true variant,in which case a

comection factor that is specific for that

individual could be imputed, if necessary, for

the missing one of a pair of measurements.

The consideration of these complexities was

forced upon us in trying to interpret the significant defect observed when attempting to merge

the weight-by-recumbent-length curves with the

weight-by-stature curves, after adjusting for a

median difference resulting from the. two techniques.

As shown in figure 1 after this adjustment

was made, the curves for the 5th percentile

through the 75th percentile all connected well.

However, the 90th and 95th percentiles of

weight by recumbent length (Fels data) were substantiality lower than the corresponding curves

for weight by stature (NCHS data), i.e., the 95th

percentile of the weight by recumbent length

connected at the 87tb percentile of weight by

stature. When the set of differences among those

Fels children who had both measurements were

examined, for those children in the 90th percentile and above in body weight as compared to

those in the 10th percentile and below, it was

found that the average mean difference between

the two kinds of measurements was much less

among the heavier children (1.2 centimeters

10
34

32

28

[

Fd% Research lm,,tute

Males. buth to 4 wars

I

I

I

I

/

95*

I

I

1

I

Nat,.ana! cam< for Health Statntm

Males 2.1 1.5.YWS L;

I I ! I I I I I I I I I I 1. I I I I

06063687276 8084809295

I

94 99 103 107 117 115 119 123 127 131

RECUM9ENT LENGTH iN CENTIMKERS STATU’RE IN CEPiT( METERS

,gure 1. Comparison of selected percentiles of weight for recumbent length with weight for stature, including a 1-centimeter

adjustment as a typical median difference between recumbent length and stature: Males, birth-4 years, Fels Research Institute data;

males, 2-11.5 years, National Center for Health Statistics data.

versus 1.7 centimeters for the lightest ones). But

when plotting the statures of th~se Fels ctidren

on to the stature data of comparable HES children, they are found to be very similar. This is

paradoxical because it suggests that recumbent

length was either consistently underestimated

which, in turn, would produce an overestimate

of the weight/recumbent length ratio (going in

the opposite duection of explainbg the

abserved differences) or that there was ptiple

bias in the distribution of body weight and

weight for length in the Fels data (i.e., that there

were fewer Fels children who were extremely

heavy for their length than would be found in a

national sample representative of all regions,

socioeconomic levels, and raciaf and cultural

groups).

Further vigorous analysis of these relationships within the Fels and HES data resulted in

more confusion than clarity except for one

additional fact illustrated in figure 2. When

measurements at later ages of the Fels boys are

plotted onto the NCHS percentiles (up to 11%

years), for some reason the worst congruence for

the Fels 95A percentile of height for stature is

at the youngest (or smzdlest) boys, where the

merger would take place (i.e., Fels at the 95th,

HES at the 87th); but after statures corresponding to approximately age 3 years the two sets

agree much better (Fek 95*, HES 9lst-9 3rd

percentile). However, FeIs’ boys always remain

below the 95th. Because of insufficient information on Fels data, we stopped searching for an

explanation of this poor congruence. Specifically, while the original study design at Fels had

Lie enormous strength to express linear somatic

growth in terms of recumbent length from birth

to cessation of growth at adulthood, because of

its lasksezfaire start in obtaining the correlative

stature measurements, the data beg the practical

question: HOW are body size, behavioral maturity, motivation and attitudes, and body proportion (specifically, weight for length) of the various subjects systematically related to the

presence or absence and/or the technicaf quality

of stature measurements among the youngest

Fels chiidren?

Apparently, a specially designed study wilf

be required for clarification.

If a subject’s greatest linear extent were

always skillfully measured in the recumbent

11
50—

48 -

46 —

44 -

42

40 -

38 -

36 —

3’4 -

32 —

30 —

a -

26 -

24 -

22 -

20 –

18 —

16 —

14 —

12 -

— Nat,onalCMter fm HealthStat.kt,cs

------ Fe!, FIese,ti Insuome

Figure 2. Selected percentiles of weight by stature for prepubescent male= Observed data, Fels Research Institute; smoothed data,

National Center for Health Statistics.
position from birth onwards, as was done in the

Fels study, these considerations would be academic. Of course, stature (standing height) is

the almost universsd mode of measuring the

linear extent of older children and adults, both

in growth studies and in clinical practice.

Because infants and most children younger than

2 years cannot stand well enough to allow satisfactory upright measurements, that group must

be measured in the recumbent position. If charts

were constructed selecting only those children

who could stand prop erly for stature measurements, distorted reference data biased toward

the most mature and biggest children (those who

could stand upright) would result. In clinical

practice and for epidemiologic comparisons

(both in interpreting the sets of reference data

from which these charts were constructed and

then estimating the length or stature of irtdividual young children), the awkward transition

period cannot be avoided. Some problems are

sure to occur in selecting the measurement technique and interpreting the data; whatever the

measurement mode used, the quality of the

measurement may be poor. The only approach

to the dilemma is to do one’s best, aware of the

limitations.

Even in the skilIed hands of the National

Center for Health Statistics, that part of the

HANES data that deals with linear measurement

of children between the ages of 2 and 3 years is

flawed. Over the 3-year period when the HANES

data were being collected, several teams of

researchers operated in different parts of the

United States in three separate cmavans of

trailers. All had the same set of instructions, but

all did not interpret those instructions in idehtical ways. A measuring board was used by all

teams to measure recumbent length of infants

between 1 and 2 years of age; all children 3

years of age and older were measured standing

upright. However, the instructions required that

a dual set of measurements (recumbent length

and stature) be taken on children between 2 and

3 years of age. This was not universally done,

and in most cases the mode of measurement for

the 2-3-yezw age group was not recorded. Therefore, we do not know if the linear measurements

recorded for that group represent recumbent or

stature data. These data have all been treated as

stature, both in the stature-by-age charts (2-18

years) and the weight-by-stature charts (prepubescent).

On careful reconstruction of the operational

records and internal inspection of the HANES

data and also by comparing them with data from

the Owens study and from the Fels study, with

special attention to the relationship of recumbent length-stature measurements, the following

conclusion was made about this small subset of

HANES data: Nearest age 2 years most of the

measurements are recumbent (but selectively

biased toward the smallest and least mature

children); the proportion of statures increases

from age 2 until at age 2.9 years almost all the

measurements are probably statures. We

deliberated long about this particular segment of

data and were tempted to make an exception to

our nde of “no adjustments to observed data.”

Recognizing that adjusting this bit of data would

introduce more problems than would be solved

(there is a selective bias across the weight and

height ~ercentilis, of an unknown magnitude,

that would require a differential adjustment at

different percentiles), we made no adjustment.

Because the body weight estimates are perfectly

sound for this age segment, and because it was

predicted that the length of many children

wo~d be measured standing (more convenient

and likely to yield better technical results in all

but the most experienced examination centers–

assuming the child is able to stand properly), it

was judged desirable to include stature percentiles beginning at 2 years of age and to present

the data as the best available at the present time

with the following caveat: the median is 1.5 to 2

centimeters too large at 2 years of age (i.e.,

greater than it would have been if all values had

actually been stature measurements and if all

children were capable of proper stature measurements at that age), but thk discrepancy

progressively diminishes and disappears at

approximately 2.9 years of age.

This is the only known technical defect in all

these data. The fact that it occurs at the difficult

transition between 2 and 3 years of age

(between the recumbent and stature years),

where the two sets of charts overlap by age, and

where measuring precision is low, somewhat

eases the practical impact of the problem.

13
Curve Smoothing

The NCHS task force decided that appropriately smoothed growth curves not only look

better but, if the smoothing process does’ not

distort the basic data, they represent reality

better. Although mathematkd techniques for

systematically smo.oth-mg curves (like moving

averages or fitting the observations to - a

Gompertz curve) have been used for many years

for a variety of purposes, most growth ekperts

have smoothed their curves by ‘hand to minimize

distorting the data by unknown mathematical

factors.

Perhaps the chief disadvantage of expert

smoothing by hand is that, like all great art, it is

not quantifiable and not reproducible. But with

the ava.ilabfity of computers and iterative plotting devices, there is the possibility of systematic

smoothing with checkpoints against the

observed data to see if the final results reasonably represent the data. The goal resembles that

of the ideal nbise filter for phonograph or radio:

to eliminate aU of the noise but none of the

music–’’noise” being those jagged deviations

from a smoothed line which are solely due to

sampling variation, “music” being a true deflection representing reality (such as the upward

Mlection of the height-by-age curves in boys

just after age 11% years due to the beginning of

the adolescent growth spurt).

Two basic methods of systematic, computerized curve smoothing were considered: (1) spline

polynomial smoothing of the observed percentiles and (2) smoothing by means of the Pearson

curve system using polynomials in age to estimate the first four moments. The first is a wel.ldocumented method readily avaifable for the

computer, even though it had never been applied

before to growth data and had several lirrsitations which would require adjustment and

mo deification. The primary objection to this

system in the beginning was that it, apparently,

did not develop any coherent relationship

between the different percentile lines. The

second system, while very sensitive to the

enormous amount of information contained in

the median or central tendency, would possibly

be oversensitive to outlying values (zdthough

many outlyrng v31ues

usually presents the

14

are valid, this region

greatest frequency of

spimious data); but this method would have

required much more developmental work to

adapt it for the present purpose than would the

more folly developed cubic spline regression

technique. It was considered that, without the

constraints of time and resources, a third, and

better, alternative would probably be to raise

the. degree of the existing spline polynomial

system from cubic to quartic and thus allow a

better interrelationship between the percentile

lines. Later it was realized that the existing cubic

spline technique had another strength: two

modes (fixed or variable) of placing the knots.

Using the fixed (constant) knot subroutine ultimately gave some degree of parallelism and

interrelationship between the percentiles. Whh

much trial and error (feasible with a computer)

and testing the resulting fits to see if they reasonably represent the data (only possible with

the data plotter), the cubic spline technique was

finally employed to the eventual satisfaction of

the NCHS task force. A brief description of this

spline system, together with a listing of some of

its strengths and weaknesses when applied to

these kinds of data, and a full discussion of the

modifications employed in our application

appear in appendix II.

Secular Trend

In the analysis of these data, the marked

diminution and near cessation of the trend to

constantly increasing size of successive generations of American children is the most dramatic

and significant finding relating to humarr biology

and human growth in general. This secular trend

to ever-increasing size and earlier maturation (a

universaJ finding among the countries of the

western world for the past century that has become a good biologic index of the degree of

technological and socioeconomic advance of the

developing countries) has been extensively discussed many times.g~10JZ6-4Z

From hk careful comparisons of many

generations of incoming Harvard students,

Damon in 196827 was the first to seriously

suggest the cessation, or at least a marked

diminution, in this trend in America.

Damon’s observations and those of several

others36~43~44 were limited to data from the

upper socioeconomic segments of society, where
the cessation apparently first occurred. The

present findings both confirm those of Damon

and extend them to include most segments of

the American population.

A small but detlmite correlation was demonstrated in earlier NCHS dataz6 between the

body size of children in the United States and

the annual income and educational level of their

parents. Because the most recent data show a

very slight increase in statures in the 5th and

10th percentiles (and possibly “even a faint

increase at the 25th percentile as well) over that

of children born 5 or 10 years earlier and essential stabilization (of statures, at least) for the

rest of the population, a firmer statement is now

warranted of Darnon’s speculation, “The end

may be in sight.”zs

However, the precise dating of this cessation

(which may be either temporary or permanent

or may even yield to a reversal) is difficult

because there were no data yielding reliable

population estimates (suck as the present ones)

on the growth of children before 1963 on which

to make projections. In a detailed analysis comparing that first cycle of HES chiIdrenz6 with

other available data (all of which had varying

degrees of sampling Limitations), we concluded

at that time, from data collected on children

born before 1950, that the secular trend,

although possibly abating in the United States,

had not yet ceased. From the analysis of our

current sets, of data the congruence (as seen in

tables 18-19 between the statures and weights of

children from HES Cycles II and III and those

from HANES I, born almost 10 years later) is

not limited to identical median values but

applies to most of the distribution of statures

from at least the 25th to the 95th percentiles.

Whatever complex of factors had been producing the secular trend to increasing body size of

children (and adults) from the prenatal period

onward, had ceased to be of sufficient magnitude by 1955 or 1956 to affect these rather

sensitive data across most socioeconomic levels

of the American population. When the stragglers

wilI finally achieve their genetic potential to full

stature can probably be better predicted by economic and social factors ‘than by biologic ones.

000

15
REFERENCES

lComrnittee on Nutrition Advisory to CDC, FNB,

NAS-NRC: Comparison of body weights andlcm@s or

heights of groups of children.h%tr. Rerr. 32:284, Mar.

1974.

2 Owen, G. M.: The assessment and recording of

measurements of growth of cfildIeIH Report of a .smm

conference. Pediati”cs 51(3) :461-466, Mar. 1973.

3Roche, A. F., and McKigney, J. L: Physicsl growth

of ethnic groups comprisii the U.S. population. Am. J.

D&. Child 130:62, 1976.

40wen, G. M. et al.: A study of nutritional stat= Of

preschool children in the United States, 1968-1970.

Pediatn”cs 53:597, 1974.

5Nation~ Center for He~th &ati~tic~ : Plm ~d

initial program of the Heaftb Examination Survey. Vital

and Health Statistics. Series l-No. 4. DHEW Pub. No.

(HRA) 74-1038. Heafth Resources Administration.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Nov.

1973.

6National Center for Heafth Statistics: Plan,

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chifdren’s examinations. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS

Pub. No. 1000-Series I-No. 5. Public Health %rvice.

Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct.

1967.

7N~ti~~~ cater for H.--& stati~tic~: plm ad

operation of a health examination snrvey of U.S. youths

12-17 years of age. Vital and Health Statistics.

SE&s l-No. S. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 75-101S. Heafth

Resources Administration. Washington. U.S.

Government printing Office, Sept. 1974.

8Nation~ Center for He.tb stati~ti~s: pIan ad

operation of the Health and Nutiition Examination

survey, United States, 1971-73. Vital and Health

Statistics. Series l-No. 10a. DHEW Pub. No. (HSM)

73-1310. Health Services and Mentaf Health Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb.

1973.

9Nationd Center for Health Statistics: Height ~d

weight of children, United States. Vital and Health

Statistics. Series 1 l-No. 104. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA)

75-1093. Health Resources Administration. Washington.

U.S. Government Printing Office, Sept. 1970.

10Nationd Center for Health Statistics: Height and

weight of youths 12-17 years, United States. Vital and

Health Statistz”cs. Series l-No. 124. DHEW Pub. No.

(HSM) 73-1606. Health Services and Mental Health

Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing

office, Jan. 1973.

1lROche, A. F., and Davifa, G. H.: Dfierences

between recumbent length and statnre witbin individUd,. Growth 38:313-320,1974.

12 Roche, A. F., and Davifa, G. H.: Pre-pubertal and

post-pubertal growth, in D. B. Cheek, cd., Fetal and

Postnatal Growth–Hormones and Nutrition. New York.

Jofm Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975. pp. 409414.

13 RO&e> A. F., ad Dada, G.; Late adole~cent

growth in stature. Pediatrics 50: S74-880, 1972.

14 Rofie, A. F.: Some aapects of adolescent growth

and maturation in H. N. Mm-roe, srrd J. I. McKigney,

eds., Nutrient Requirem erzts in Adolescents. Cambridge,

Massachusetts. Maamchusetts Institution of Technology

Press, 1975. pp. 33-56.

15Tf&en, D., Bock, R. D., Waynor, H., and Roche, A.

F.: Individual growth in statnre: A comparison of four

United States growth stndies. Ann. Hum. Biol. 3:529-

542,1976.

16Nationd Center for Heaftfr Statistics: Preliminary

findings of the first Heafth and Nutxition Examination

Survey, United States, 1971-1972, Dietary Intake and

Biochemical Findings. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA)

74-1219-1. Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1974.

17DeBoor, C., and Rice, J. R.: Least Squares i%bk

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No. 20, Compntcr Science Dept., Purdue University, W.

Lafayette, fnd., Apr. 196S.

18 T-m, J. M.: PersonaJcommunication.

19 Krogmm, W. M.: A handbook of the measurement

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2@mner, J. M., H1emanx, J., and Jarrmrn, S.: Growth

and physique studies, in J. S. Weiner and J. A. Low’e,

eds., Human Biology, A Guide to Field Methods. D3P

Handbook #9, Philadelphia. F. A. Davis Co., 1969.

21 NaticInd Center for Heafth Statistics: Body weight,

stature, snd sitting height: white and Negro youths

12-17 years, United States. Vital and Health Statistics.

Series 11-No. 126. DHSW Pub. No. (HRA) 74-1608.

Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, Aug. 1973.

22 Stuart, H. C., and Meredith, H. V.: Use of body

measurements in the school health progmm. Am. ].

Public Health 36:1365, 1946.

16
23 T_er, J. M., Wfritehouse, R. H., and Takaishi, M.:

Standards from birth to matnrity for height, weight,

height velocity, and weight. velo,city: British children,

1965. Arch. Di.s. Child. 4:454,1966.

24 Shuttleworth, F. K.: Sema] maturation and the

physical growth of girls age six to nineteen. Moraogr.

Sot. Res. Child Dev. 2(5), 1937.

25BOU, F.: The gowtb of chWren. Science .,

19:256-257, 281-282; 20:351-352,1892.

26National center for Health Statistics: Height and

weight of chikiren: Socioeconomic status, United States.

Vital and Health StatMics. Series 1l-No. 119. DHEW

Pub. No. (HSM) 73-1601. Health Services and Mental

Health Adminktsation. Washington. U.S. Govemmcnt

Printing Office, Oct. 1972.

27 Damon, A.: Secdw trind in height and weight

within old American familiee at H-d, 1870-1965.

Am. J. F’hys. AnfhropoL 29(1):45-50, 1968.

28 D~on, A.: Linger body size and earliermenarche:

The end may be in sight. .SOC.Bs_ol. 21 (1) :8-11, 1974.

29 Meredith, H. V.: Ch~ge in stature and body weight

of North American boys during the last 80 years, in L.

Iipsitt and C. Spiker, eda., Aduances in Child Development and Behanior, Vol. 1. New York. Academic Press,

1963. pp. 69-114.

3 OMere&h, K. V.: Findings from Asia, Austra6a,

Europe, and North America on secular change in mean

height of chikhen, youths and young adults. Am. J.

Ph s. Anthropol. 44(2):3 15-326, 1976.

&yfcre&h, H v-,~d Mere&th, E. M., The stature of

Toronto children haff a centmy ago and today. Hum.

Btbl. 16:126-131,1944.

32T~ner, J. M.: Growth at Adolescence, 2d ed.

Oxford. Blackwell Scientific Pub., 1962.

33 T~ner, J. M.: fie ~e~m trend towards ezdier

physical maturation. T@%chr. Sot. Genees.k.

44:524-539,1966.

34 TaMwr, J. M.: Earlier maturation in man. Sci. Am.

218(1):21-27, Jan. 1968.

35 Tanner, J. M.; Trend towad em]icr menmche in

London, OS1O, Copenhagen, the Netherkmda and Hungary. Nature 243:95-96,1973.

36 Maresh, M. M.: A forty-five year investigation fOr

secular changes in physical maturation. Arm. J. Phys.

Aqthro~o[. 36(1):103-109, Jan. 1972.

‘ 37Amundsen, D. W., and Dlers; C. J.: The age of

memu-che in classical Greece and Rome. Hum. BioL

41(1):125-132, Feb. 1969.

~8Krogman, W. M.: Growth of head, face, trunk, and

limbs in Phdadelphia white and Negro children of

elementary and high school age. Monogr. Sot. Res. Child

Dev. 35(3) Serial No. 136, 1970.

39vm wim~ga, J. C.: .$ecula[re Gmeivemchuining:

Lengte and Gewicht Surveys 1964-1966 in Netherlands

iti Historisch Perspectiefi Leiden. Nethcrkmds Institute

voor Preventive Geneeskunde TNO, 1972.

40 B0as, F.: Observations on growth of chifrken.

Science 72:44-48, 1930.

41 Gruelich, W. W.: Some secular changes in the

growth of “American born” and native Japanese

chlkiren. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 45(3):553-568, 1976.

42-o, K., and Chung, C. S.: Do American born

‘Japanese children still grow faster than native Japanese?

Am. j. I?hys. Anthropol. 43(2):187-194, Sept. 1975.

43 Ga~, & M.: Mapitude of .%x&wTrend in the FeLr

Population: Stature and Weight. Private printing. Yeffow

Springe, Ohio, 1967.

44 Bakwfi, H., ~d McLa”gMin, S. D.: Sectdat increase

irr height. Is the end in sight? Lancet 2:1195-1196,

1964.

45 Dtiel, c., and Wood, F.: Fitting Equationr to Data.

New York. Wiley-Interscience, 1971.
.

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

1. Observed percentilesof re.umtwnt length (in centimeters),by sex and age: Fels ResearchInstitute, birth-20 years ...................

2. Obserwd percentilesof weight (in kilograms),by sexand age: Fels ResearchInstitute, birth-20 yaars ......................................

@ Ohsewedpemntilesof matum (ince”timetem), bysexandage: Fekfls.sewch lnstitute,2-20yems ......................................

4. Observed percentilesof head circumfaranca [in centimeters),by sex and age: Fels Rmearch Institute, birth-7 years .................

5. Obsewed percentilesof weight (in kilograms), by sex and recumbent length (in centimeters); Fels ResearchInstitute, birth-48

months ....................................................................................................................................................................................... *

@ Obsarvedpemantilesof stature (in ce”timaters), by sexand,aga: National Cemerfor Health Statistics,2-24 years ...................

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Observedpercentilesof waight (in kilograms), by sex and agti National Center for Haalth Statistics,2-24 years ......................

Observed percentilesof weight fin kilograms), by sexand stature (in centimeters): National Centar for Health Statistics,2-10

years (femalas) or 2-11.5 yaars (males) .......................................................................................................................................

Smoothed percentilesof recumbent length (in centimeters), by sex and age: SWtistict from National Canter for Health Statistics and data from Fels Research Institute, birth-36 months .......................................................................................................

Smoothed percentilesof weight (in kilograms), by sex and age: Statisticsfrom National Centar for Health Statisticsand data

from Fels ResearchInstituta, birth-36 months ............................................................................................................................

Smoothed percentiles of head circumference [in centimeters), by sex and age: Statistics from National Cemar for Haalth

Statistim and data from Fels ResaarchInstitute, birth-36 months ...............................................................................................

Smoothed percentilesof waight (in kilograms), by sexand recumbent Iangth (in cmtimetars): Statisticsfrom National Centar

for Health Statisticsand data from Fels ResearchInstitute, birth-48 months ..............................................................................

@ SmOOthed Per=ntiles Of matu~ (in .e”timtierd, by sex and W: Data and fimisti~fromNtiio”al Ce”terforHealth Statis.

14.

15.

16.

17.

tics, 2 to 18 years.........................................................................................................................................................................

Smoothed percentilesof weight (in kilograms), by =X and age: Data and statisticsf rom Nzfional Center for Health Statistics,

1.5 to 18 years ............................................................................................................................................................................

Smoothed percentilesof weight (in kilograms), by sex and stature [in centimeters): Data a“d statisticsfrom National Center

for Health Statistics,prepubesesmtmalesand females .................................................................................................................

Cumulative frequency distributions of racumbent length-staturedifferences for children from 2.25 to 7.25 yearsof age, by sex

and age Fats ResearchInstitute ................................................................................................................................................

Means, standard deviation, Pearsonstatistics,and Paarsonderived percentilesof stature for U.S. males 6 to 18 years of age:

United States,1963-70 ...............................................................................................................................................................

20

22

24

26

27

2a

30

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

42

18
18. Selected observed percentiles of stature (in centimeters), by sex and age, for HES II (1963-65), HES III (1966-70),

and HANES I (1971-74): United States...................................................................................................................................... a

19. Selectedobserved percentilesof weight {in kilograms), by sexand age,for HES II (1963-65), HES III (1966-70), and HAN ES I

(1971 -74): United States ......................................................................................................................................................... 46

.,, .-.

.1. ,,

..< .. :,,,. .!.

19
---- ---- Table 1. Obsewed percentiles of recumbent length (in centimete

Sex and age

—Male

5 years .......................................................................................

13%years ..................................................................................

n

156

274

438

425

365

374

472

425

392

364

336

319

316

302

277

266

239

227

242

206

159

127

147

143

139

135

148

140

143

142

146

138

134

131

126

122

132

107

124

34

by sex anti age: kels HeSearch Institute, blrm-iw years

Observedpercentile

5th I 10th \ 25th I 50th I 75th I 90th I 95th

1 I I I i I

Recumbent length in centimeters

45.6

51.1

56.2

63.6

68.2

71.7

77.4

82.3

87.2

91.1

94.3

97.9

100.8

I04.0

107.1

110.1

[13.6

116.2

118.5

121.2

i24.5

126.6

129.2

132.2

[35.1

137.3

139.2

141.7

144.2

146.4

[49.0

152.9

154.7

160.2

163.0

166.I

167.2

169.3

I70.0

I70.5

169.4

47.1

51.7

57.4

64.4

69.3

72.9

78.5

83.5

88.4

92.2

95.3

99.0

102.3

105.5

106.9

111.6

115.2

118.1

120.9

123.8

126.6

129.0

131.5

134.0

136.2

138.6

140.9

143.3

145.9

146.5

152.9

154.5

158.1

163.3

166.2

169.2

171.0

172.1

172.3

172.6

172.3

48.6

53.3

58.2

66.1

70.7

74.5

80.3

85.6

90.3

84.1

97.8

101.2

104.4

[08.0

111.3

114.4

117.8

120.4

123.7

126.2

129.4

131.7

134.6

137.4

140.1

142.0

145.2

147.2

150.7

153.7

157.6

161.7

165.5

168.4

170.8

173.3

I 74.4

175.2

175.8

176.2

177.2

49.9

54.8

61.2

67.6

72.4

76.2

82.3

87.7

92.3

96.5

100.5

103.6

107.4

110.9

114.2

117.4

120.6

123.6

126,7

129.5

132.6

136.2

137.7

140.4

142,8

146.6

148.7

151,0

154.5

158.3

162.5

166.1

170.0

173.9

176.4

176.4

180.0

179.7

180.6

181.1

162.0

51.5

56.2

63.2

69.4

74.2

77.7

84.3

89.8

84.7

98.8

103.3

106.6

110.1

113.9

117.6

120.6

124.3

127.3

130.7

133.4

136.6

139.5

141.4

145.2

147.6

150.7

153.5

156.3

160.1

163.9

167.4

171.7

175.2

177.8

180,2

181.6

184.0

183.9

784.2

784.8

185.0

53.3

57.6

64.8

71.1

75.8

80.1

86.5

92.2

87.1

101.4

105.8

109.0

112.5

116.7

120.8

123.4

127.3

130.0

133.7

136.4

139.7

142.8

145.9

147.8

150.5

154.2

158.8

161.7

165.3

170.4

174.6

176.5

180.7

183.1

184.1,

166.5

187.2

187.5

188.3

188.7

189.3

54.2

58.4

65.8

72.1

76.8

67.4

88.2

93.5

88,1

102.9

107.6

111.2

1144

118.9

122.4

125.8

129.3

132.1

135.3

139.1

142.0

147.2

149.6

151.3

154.8

157.3

162.4

166.2

188,2

173.0

176.0

181.5

184<1

186,1

187.3

187.7

188.6

188.6

189,1

191’7

191.1

NOTE n = sample size.

20
.-, –-, . ... . . . .,----- Table 1. Obsewed percentiles of recumbent length (in centimerd,

Sex and age

NOTE: n = sample size.

—

n

142

251

426

409

347

335

463

410

383

357

309

319

291

291

276

263

222

247

220

228

210

153

141

140

141

131

128

135

126

126

129

120

104

114

101

108

98

117

94

101

73

—

sex arm age: rem nesearcn Immure, umuwu years—~ on.

Observedpercentile

6th I

10th 25th

I

50th 75th

I

90th

I

95th

Recumbent length m centimeters

44.6

49.8

55.1

61.6

66.3

70.1

75.6

81.4

86.2

89.8

93.0

96.4

99.4

102.5

106.0

108.8

112.0

115.6

117.6

120.7

123.4

125.6

128.6

130.9

133.6

136.2

138.7

142.4

[46.2

148.6

152.6

I55.1

156.1

157.2

158.0

156.3

159.2

158.6

158.9

158.4

158.4

46.1

50.6

56.0

62.5

67.2

71.0

76.8

82.6

87.2

90.8

94.2

98.o

101.4

104.0

107.6

110.4

113.5

116.6

119.2

122.1

124.7

127.4

130.0

132.3

135.0

137.3

140.3

143.8

147.6

151.8

164.4

167.0

I57.9

158.4

158.9

159.3

I59.9

159.2

160.1

I59.7

159.8

47.6

52.3

57.7

64.1

68.7

72.6

78.6

84.4

68.1

93.1

96.4

99.9

103.6

107.0

110.1

113.4

116.2

119.3

122.0

125.0

127.3

129.5

132.5

135.2

138.0

140.7

143.7

148.0

161.3

!55.1

i57.o

159.1

159.8

160.8

161.7

162.5

162.6

162.6

[63.3

163.0

163.2

49.3

53.8

59.6

65.7

70.6

74.4

80.8

86.5

91.4

95.5

99.1

103.0

108.2

109.8

112.8

116.4

119.6

122.4

125.4

128.2

130.9

133.8

136.3

138.6

142.5

145.0

148.7

151.8

155.2

159.3

161.4

163.0

165.1

165.9

165.8

166.5

166.4

166.5

166.6

166.7

167.0

50.5

55.1

61.4

67.6

72.5

76.3

83.0

88.7

93.7

96.1

101.6

105.5

109.2

112.9

116.1

119.4

122.6

125.1

128.6

131.4

134.1

136.9

139.4

142.7

145.8

149.7

153.9

157.8

160.7

163.4

165.3

167.1

167.4

168.0

169.6

169.8

170.6

171.1

170.6

I70.7

170.8

51.7

56.1

62.9

69.2

73.8

76.3

84.8

90.8

95.7

99.9

104.0

108.3

111.7

115.4

119.1

122.4

126.6

129.1

132.2

135.5

137.9

140.5

143.2

147.9

151.7

155.4

158.3

161.0

165.1

167.7

170.1

!71.0

172.1

173.0

i74.2

173.9

174.3

175.4

176.4

174.6

I74.5

.

52.9

56.7

63.7

70.1

74.8

79.2

86.1

92.1

96.7

101.6

105,8

109.8

113.0

116.8

121.2

124.9

128.2

131.4

135.0

138.3

141.5

143.9

147.4

148.6

154.9

167.6

161.4

164.9

169.2

170.5

172.8

174.0

175.7

175.4

176.5

177.1

176.5

177.6

177.0

176.0

175.3

21
Table 2. Observedpercentiles of weight (in kilograms), by sex and age: Fels Research Institute, bhth-20 years

Sex and age n

—

300

296

496

458

386

365

486

431

398

367

337

320

316

302

279

272

240

266

226

244

210

230

199

213

208

209

197

205

192

189

190

169

181

175

167

159

153

162

138

150

90

Obsewed percentile

5th I10th I25th I

50th I

75th 90th I

95th

2.53

3.19

4.38

6.22

7.62

8.38

9.54

10.33

11.31

12.20

13.02

13.66

14.63

15.37

16.35

17.56

18.46

19.33

20.47

21.40

22.49

23.54

24.90

26.09

27.09

28.74

29.94

31.21

32.53

34.61

36.90

39.27

42.01

46.15

50.43

52.28

54.21

56.02

55.97

55.87

59.12

2.68

3.50

4.75

6.60

7.98

8.85

9.68

10.61

11.74

12.69

13.46

14.23

15.21

16.08

17.11

18.23

19.20

20.19

21.40

22.46

23.57

24.69

26.26

27.50

28.71

30.26

31 .4s

32.93

34.80

36.71

39.33

41.72

45.54

49.30

51.89

53.72

57.07

58.24

5s.55

59.66

60.99

Weight in kilograms

3.06

3.78

5.35

7.17

8.59

9.51

10.62

11.60

12.61

13.54

14.43

15.26

16.25

17.28

18.43

19.45

20.53

21.63

22.89

24.26

25.51

26.87

28.2o

29.65

31.26

32.94

34.66

36.56

38.54

40.91

44.06

47.14

50.56

54.12

57.35

59.22

60.64

62.71

63.35

64.89

66.12

3.40

4.21

6.01

7.82

9.28

10.10

11.45

12.57

13.62

14.61

15.57

16.55

17.60

18.70

19.90

20.84

22.35

23.54

25.13

26.30

28.11

29.31

30.99

32.96

34.61

36.90

36.95

40.37

43.49

46.74

49.40

62.93

56.30

59.87

62.25

64.93

66.94

66.3o

69.16

68.85

70.99

3.79

4.66

6.58

8.50

9.92

10.88

12.32

13,53

14.62

15.64

16.82

17.88

18.83

20.22

21.71

22.75

24.o4

25.65

27.28

28.82

30.95

32.65

35.02

36.73

39.46

41.96

43.97

46.71

49.40

52.59

56.82

59.58

62.85

66.37

68.64

70.62

73.95

74.25

76.16

76.49

78.89

4.12

4.95

7.20

9.07

10.63

11.46

13.04

14.33

15.57

16.65

17.97

19,16

20,35

21.78

23.37

24.61

26.33

28.2o

29.62

32.2o

33.99

35.99

36.44

40.20

43.07

48.10

50.64

53.49

55.59

60.52

64.66

66.61

70.45

72.82

76.30

78.54

80.35

79.97

81.79

64.66

85.99

4.38

5<23

7.42

9,46

10.94

11.98

13.44

14.79

16<08

17.35

18.80

19.82

21,20

22.77

24.63

26.17

26.12

30.09

32.61

35.45

36.62

39,37

42,02

44.36

46,59

51.18

54.23

57,68

61,46

65,54

70<49

73.54

78,94

77.25

80.64

81.75

83.45

S4,30

89,05

89.49

92.25

22
Table Z. observed percentiles of weight [jn ki10gIWn5

Sex and-age

NOTE: n = sample size.

]y se>

n

’296

281

482

438

365

350

474

412

391

357

310

322

293

281

278

264

222

247

221

231

216

218

221

215

214

201

199

7-O?

I 85

183

164

172

152

156

141

.747

134

151

118

125

77

Id age: Fels Research Institute, birth-20 years—Con.

Observed percentile

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

2.22

3.08

4.11

5.81

7.10

7.72

8.01

9.72

I0.90

I1.47

12.17

13.19

13.96

14.61

15.49

16.41

I7.40

18.37

19.50

!0.41

!1 .40

!2.44

!3.s0

!4.11

!5.53

!7.00

!8.42

10.17

12.41

13.46

16.10

19.14

II .02

13.11

13.05

13.45

13.92

W88

13.97

15.06

[5.92

2.53

3.25

4.45

6.10

7.43

8.14

9.31

10.23

11.29

12.08

12.76

13.69

14.40

15.26

16.2o

17.19

18.11

19.26

20.25

21.27

22.44

23.43

24.89

25.76

26.88

28.45

29.83

31.84

34.50

36.28

39.07

41.15

42.59

44.16

45.22

45.23

46.20

46.36

46.40

46.82

47.56

Wei!

2.89

3.62

4.86

6.61

7.89

8.81

10.02

11.14

12.12

13.01

13.70

14.68

15.42

16.41

17.42

18.58

19.65

20.61

21.72

22.98

24.15

25,46

26.79

26.32

29.61

31.29

33.26

35.91

37.49

40.75

43.62

45.27

46.59

48.58

48.87

48.93

50.07

50.54

50.12

51.04

52.08

in kilo

3.25

3.97

5.41

7.20

8.54

9.57

10.78

11.97

12.93

13.95

14.90

15.99

16.81

17.90

18.99

20.12

21.42

22.49

23.76

25.16

26.63

27.95

29.85

31.42

33.82

35.71

38.46

41.91

43.34

46.45

48.89

50.74

51.27

52.85

53.54

53.65

54.49

55.05

54.99

55.64

56.49

3.60

4.30

5,93

7.80

9.26

10.23

11.52

12.79

13.91

15.10

16.01

17.34

16.41

19.54

20.77

22.26

23.49

24.81

26.74

26.09

29.77

31.81

34.17

36.59

39.37

42.30

45.21

48.15

52.11

54.08

55.44

56.59

56.20

58.37

59.62

58.06

60.12

60.45

61.08

61.37

62.87

3.89

4.49

6.44

8.40

9.79

10.91

12.25

13.66

14.84

18.01

17.04

18.46

19.67

21.24

22.48

23.69

25.52

27.44

29.13

31.27

33.79

36.05

39.07

41.16

44.84

47.31

51.61

55.18

57.37

61.24

62.79

64.40

65.40

65.05

65.94

66.64

65.92

66.63

67.73

68.16

69.15

3.98

4.81

6.78

8.74

10.11

11.29

12.72

14.13

15.41

16.67

17.71

.19.39

20.39

21.96

23.51

25.40

26.97

28.93

31.94

33.36

36.79

39.54

43.64

45.41

47.64

49.94

54.02

59.47

64.37

64.61

67.94

69.79

70.20

71.68

69.84

70.82

70.82

71.81

69.61

72.37

73.15

23
Table 3. Obsewed percentiles of stature (in centin

Sex and age

ters)

=

n

—

29

86

262

288

293

295

297

274

271

238

268

227

244

211

230

199

213

208

209

197

205

192

191

190

189

181

175

167

159

152

163

134

149

92

y sex and age: Fels Research Insitute, 2-20 years

Observedpercentile

6th Ioth 25th 50th 75th I

90th 95th

Stature in centimeters

81.2

85.1

89.7

92.5

98.3

99.4

102.9

105.6

109.1

112.1

115.1

117.8

120.4

123.5

126.1

128.9

131.3

134.1

136.1

138.3

140.6

143.1

145.4

148.4

151.7

1!S3.6

159.5

162.5

164.9

166.7

168.o

169.1

168.3

168.5

81.9

85.8

90.7

94.0

97.6

101.2

104.1

107.4

110.7

114.0

116.6

119.6

122.5

125.2

127.9

130.5

133.1

135.4

737.7

139.9

141.8

145.0

147.5

160.9

153.7

157.0

162.1

165.2

167.6

169.0

169.6

170.3

170.3

170.1

84.2

S8.8

93.1

96.3

99.7

103.3

106.7

709.8

113.2

116.3

119.4

122.5

125.2

128.3

131.2

134.0

136.5

139,1

141,8

144.2

146.3

149.3

152.7

156.3

160.0

163.7

167.1

169.3

171.3

172.5

173.2

I73.9

I74.4

175.2

85.6

91.4

85.4

99.1

102.3

105.7

108.3

712.7

116.1

119.3

122.4

125.9

128.3

131.6

134.3

137.3

139.8

142.3

144.9

147.5

150.3

I53.4

I57.0

160.5

164.7

168.6

171.7

I74.5

176.3

f77.4

177.6

176.6

179.0

180.1

87.8

93.3

97.5

101.7

105.1

108.7

112.6

116.1

119.6

122.7

125.8

129.3

132.4

135.1

138.2

140.8

143.7

146.6

149.0

151.8

154.6

158.2

161.7

165.9

170.1

173.6

175.8

178.2

179.4

180.9

181.6

182.2

162.4

183.4

92.o

96.3

100.3

104.4

107.7

111,5

115.2

118.8

123.1

125.8

128.7

132.7

135.6

138.4

141.7

144.3

147.2

149.7

152.5

155.4

158.4

162.9

!68.8

172.4

176.0

178.4

181.5

161.7

183.6

I64.9

185.6

186.2

186<7

166.8

92.7

97.6

101.9

106.2

109.6

113.6

117.6

121A

124.8

127.8

131,1

134.7

138.2

141.2

144.5

146.6

149.7

152.8

156.0

159.1

162.6

166.7

171.3

175.5

178.8

181.9

164.1

165,2

185.5

187.2

187.4

188.1

186.3

189,6

24
Table 3. Obsewed percentiles of stature [in centimeters), by sex and age: FeIs Research Institute. 2-20 years–Con.

Sex and age n

26

107

248

255

289

277

286

270

265

222

248

221

232

216

219

221

216

214

201

199

202

186

184

185

173

152

159

142

147

134

155

119

126

79

—

Observed percentiIe

5th I 1Oth I 25th I 50th I 75th I 90th I 95th

81.6

84.6

89.0

92.4

95.1

98.1

101.4

104.7

107.7

110.7

114.0

116.6

119.3

122.2

125.1

127.7

129.4

131.8

134.7

737.4

140.6

143.5

146.7

149.6

152.6

153.7

154.9

156.2

156.3

157.1

156.2

156.7

157.1

156.6

82.5

85.6

90.2

93.5

96.6

99.5

103.3

106.3

109.2

112.3

115.4

118.1

121.0

123.5

126.4

129.2

131.3

133.7

136.2

139.2

142.4

145.5

149.1

152.2

154.4

156.1

I56.9

157.4

157.5

158.1

157.4

I57.9

158.3

157.9

Stature in centimeters

85.2

88.2

92.2

95.5

98.1

102.1

106.7

109.1

112.2

115.2

117.9

120.9

123.6

126.4

129.3

131.8

134.5

137.1

140.2

143.3

147.1

149.8

153.6

155.6

157.3

158.2

159.1

159.7

160.4

160.6

160.5

160.9

160.6

161,4

87.2

90.4

94.5

98.0

101.8

105.1

108.5

111.5

115.1

118.2

121.3

124.4

127.1

130.0

132.6

135.8

138.5

141.1

144.1

147.5

151.1

154.4

157.4

159.4

161.2

162.1

163.0

163.5

164.0

164.3

164.3

164.3

166.4

165.4

89.2

92.4

96.8

100.4

104.3

107.6

111.6

114.6

118.3

121.2

124.3

127.2

130.2

133.3

136.0

138.8

142.1

145.3

148.8

153.0

156.3

159.1

161.5

183.3

164.4

165.3

166.5

167.2

167.5

168.2

168.3

168.4

168.2

168.5

88.8

94.6

99.2

102.9

106.7

110.4

114.3

117.5

120.8

125.1

127.7

131.3

134.4

137.1

140.6

144.1

147,3

151.8

154.9

159.5

162.6

164.2

165.8

167.8

168.6

156.9

171.0

170.8

170.8

171.5

!72.7

172.5

171.7

172.0

90.6

95.8

100.2

104.5

108.4

112.0

115.9

119.6

123.8

127.4

130.4

133.6

137.3

140.8

143.6

145.6

150.3

154.0

157.9

162.0

164.4

167.6

169.8

170.8

171.4

172.4

173.Q

173.9

173.7

174.1

175.1

175.0

172.9

175.0

25
Table 4. Observedpercentiles of head circumference (in centimeters), by sex and age: Fels Research Institute, birth-7 years

Sex and age

Male —

.

n

155

276

436

421

362

366

459

415

332

240

202

185

1s1

15s

134

138

48

130

145

243

405

398

341

320

439

395

332

226

177

178

157

148

129

130

51

123

Observedpsxcentile

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

32:

35:

38:

41.(

43.(

44.:

46.:

47:

48.”

48.!

46.s

49.:

49.:

49.;

50.C

50.:

50.5

50.6

31.5

34.6

37.1

40.4

42.3

43.5

45.0

46.1

47.0

47.6

47.9

48.0

48.4

48.6

48.8

49.0

48.9

49.4

—

Head cir.%mference in centimeters

32.6

35.7

38.7

42.0

44.1

45.2

46.7

47.7

48.6

48.8

49.2

49.6

50.0

50.0

50.4

50.5

50.6

50.7

32.4

35.1

37.7

40.8

43.0

44.1

45.5

46.6

47.3

47.9

48.4

48.5

48.9

49.0

49A

49.5

49.5

49.7

33.6

36.4

39.6

42.8

44.9

46.1

47.4

48.3

49.2

49.6

50.0

50.1

50.4

50.6

51.2

51.2

51.5

51.6

33.2

36.8

38.6

41.6

43.6

44.8

46.2

47.3

47.9

4S.6

48.8

49.0

49.5

49.6

50.0

50.1

50.1

50.5

34.6

37.3

40.6

43.7

45.8

47.1

48.3

49.2

50.0

50.4

50.9

51.0

51.4

51.7

52.0

5Z2

52.5

52.5

34.1

36.5

39.5

42,4

44.4

45.6

47.1

48.1

48.7

49.3

49.6

50.0

50.3

50.5

50.9

51.2

51.4

51.6

35.5

38.2

47.6

44.7

46.7

47.8

49.3

60.2

51.1

51.4

51.9

62.1

52.5

52.6

53.0

63.2

53.3

53.4

34.7

37.2

40.4

43.3

45.2

46.4

47.8

48.6

49.5

49.9

50.5

50.8

51.0

51.4

51.8

52.0

51.8

52.3

36.4

39.2

42.5

45.6

47.4

48.8

50.2

50.9

51.8

52.2

52.7

53.0

53.4

53.6

53.9

64.0

!%

35.6

37.8

41.2

44.2

46.0

47.2

48.2

49.6

50.3

50,8

51.2

61.6

51.9

52.0

52.4

52.8

52.8

53.4

37.2

39.6

43.1

46.2

48.0

49.3

50<6

51.3

52.3

52.7

5?2

54,1

2::

65.3

%

35.9

38.3

41.7

44.6

46.3

47.7

49,1

50.2

50.8

51.4

51.8

52,2

62.5

52,6

53.2

!33.5

53.2

54.2

NOTE: n = sample size.

26
.

Table 5. Observedvercentdes of wsiaht fin !410wamsl. bv sex and recumbent Ienul

Sex and recumbem length

——

n

59

74

92

12s

96

113

12s

120

123

166

156

169

18’7

192

172

140

153

172

153

165

169

1S6

174

17S

177

168

154

121

66

79

96

122

104

123

139

132

147

151

163

160

175

157

129

136

147

142

155

164

163

162

194

176

162

160

130

.

—

in centimeters: Fek Research 1.SOtute, hirth-lH monms

Observed percentile

5th 10th 25th 5oth 75th 90th 96th

.

.

.

S.60

3.75

4.24

5.02

5.33

6.0s

6.58

7.04

8.01

8.07

S.34

9.09

9.31

9.75

10.07

10.36

11.00

11.18

11.59

12.09

12.43

1S.09

13.31

13.95

14.22

.

.

.

3.54

4.02

4.10

5.01

5.15

6.o2

6.25

7.o2

7.42

7.73

8.17

6.73

9.04

9.20

9.s4

9.97

10.41

10.76

11.20

11.54

12.07

12.37

13.07

14.02

.

—

.

●

●

3.71

4.06

4.45

5.14

5.73

6.20

6.65

7.17

8.10

8.26

8.?2

9.25

9.53

10.07

10.25

10.72

11.16

11.41

12.06

12.S6

12.98

I3.39

13.60

14.32

14.56

.

.

.

3.62

4.09

4.31

5.09

5.34

6.13

6.54

7.14

7.61

S.lo

6.39

9.09

9.20

9.46

10.11

10.29

10.95

11.15

11.60

12.04

12.44

I3.03

[3.37

14.24

.

2,87

3,24

3.37

4,03

4,30

5,03

5.47

6.18

6.67

7,23

7.54

S,38

8.34

9.23

9.73

10.11

10.45

10,78

11.29

11.63

12.07

‘12.51

13.09

13.39

14.12

14.47

15.12

15.48

3.02

3.24

3.62

3.66

4.32

4.92

5.33

5.66

6.48

7.73

7.51

6.10

8.56

9.03

9.46

9.67

10.14

10.54

11.06

11.37

11.74

12.22

12.54

13.16

13.59

14.12

14.90

.

3.20

3.53

3.78

4.37

4.70

5.45

6.03

6,55

7.14

7.66

6.16

8.85

9.41

9.72

10.36

10.66

11.11

11.49

11,93

12.34

12.72

13,23

13.72

14.07

14.74

15.27

15,73

16.42

3.30

3,52

3,95

4,28

4.70

5.35

5,72

6,37

7.05

7,56

8.13

6.59

9.21

9.64

!0.07

10.34

I0.74

11.21

I 1.53

12.02

12.38

12.76

13.29

13.72

14.37

14.82

15.56

“

3.54

3.82

4.33

4.71

5.24

5.87

6.5S

6.93

7.61

8.27

8.72

9.47

9.89

10.42

10.89

11.32

11.87

12.23

[2.80

12.97

13.48

13.87

17.15

3.58

3.81

4.43

4.66

5.19

5,73

6.27

6.80

7.5s

8,03

8.67

9.18

9.67

10.13

10.60

10,91

11.42

11.79

12.03

12,66

12,89

13.51

13.92

14.45

16.04

15.65

6.S7

.

.

●

4.92

5.73

6.51

6.91

7.56

7.89

6.76

9.24

9.87

10.53

1097

11.59

11.81

12.55

12.82

13.54

13.85

13.97

14.56

14.86

15.53

16.02

16.69

17.40

17.87

.

.

.

4.89

5.69

5.96

6.78

7.19

7.89

8.66

9.04

9.72

9.95

10.78

10.91

1161

11.86

12.46

12.67

13.29

13.59

1412

14.63

14.96

16.75

16,44

16.99

.

.

.

.

4.96

5.s9

6.S4

7.11

7.62

7.89

8.94

9.67

10.04

10.80

11.56

11.87

1f .97

12.60

13.16

13.S2

13.87

14.50

14.s4

15.14

15.81

16.60

16,98

17.60

18.23

.

“

.

4.96

5.66

6.42

6.94

7.46

8.o3

6.66

9.55

9.90

10.43

11.01

11.19

11.88

12.06

12.67

12.89

1S.72

1S.S6

14.65

14.89

15.48

15.99

16.86

17.54

NOTE n = WI@. size.

27
Table 6. Obsetved percentiles of stature (in centimeter

Sex and age

—Male

2.00-2.25 yearn .......................................................................

2.25-2.75 years ..........................................l............................

2.75-3.25 years ...... ..... ......... ................ ......... ..... ......... ..

3.25-3.75 years .......................................................................

3.75-4.25 years .......................................................................

4.25-4.75 years .......................................................................

4.75-5.25 years .......................................................................

5.25-5.75 years .......................................................................

5.75-6.25 years .......................................................................

6.25-6.75 years .......................................................................

6.75-7.25 years .......................................................................

7.25-7.75 years .......................................................................

7.75-6.25 years .......................................................................

S.25-8.75 years .......................................................................

S.75-9.25 yeafs .......................................................................

9.25-9.75 years .......................................................................

9.75-10.25 years .....................................................................

10.25-10.75 years ...................................................................

10.7S1 1.25 yWS ...................................................................

11.25-11.75 years ...................................................................

11.75-12.25 years ...................................................................

12.25-12.75 years ...................................................................

12.7.513.25 years ...................................................................

13.25-13.75 years ...................................................................

13.75-14.25 years ...................................................................

14.25-14.75 yeafs ...................................................................

14.75-15.25 y,al’5 ...................................................................

15.25-15.75 years ...................................................................

15.75-16.25 years ...................................................................

16.2.516.75 years ...................................................................

16.75-17.25 years ...................................................................

17.25-17.75 years ...................................................................

17.75-18.25 years ...................................................................

18.25-19.00 years ...................................................................

19.00-20.00 yeafs ...................................................................

20.00-21.00 years ...................................................................

21.00-22.00 years ...................................................................

22.00-23.00 years ...................................................................

23.00-24.00 years ...................................................................

24.00-25.00 years ...................................................................

by sex

.

#fJ1

419

945

785

857

856

837

874

878

908

1,033

988

1,120

1,014

902

943

958

1,030

1,070

1,052

952

1,010

1,092

1,155

1,056

954

1,019

1,112

914

1,051

876

1,054

935

866

1,067

1,770

1,668

1,703

1,662

1,589

1,595

)d age: National Center for Health Statistics, 2-24 years

Observed percentile

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th I95th

82.6

86.1

88.9

92.1

96.2

98.o

100.7

106.2

108.5

108.9

114.1

115.6

119.3

121.2

121.1

125.2

127.3

130.5

132.5

135.1

138.5

139.3

142.2

145.6

149.2

152.9

155.0

158.8

160.5

163.8

164.4

163.3

166.5

166.8

162.8

159.4

166.2

167.2

161.3

165.4

63.5

87.0

90.5

93.3

97.3

100.2

103.2

107.7

110.1

110.0

115.6

118.3

121.0

123.4

124.5

127.7

130.0

132.5

135.3

138.0

140.1

141.8

144.8

148.6

153.0

156.4

157.6

161.4

164.3

165.5

166.2

167.7

170.1

169.3

166.9

168.4

168.3

167.7

165.3

168.5

Statu1

86.1

89.o

92.4

95.7

100.0

103.4

105.5

110.1

112.8

114.8

118.5

120.8

123.8

126.2

127.5

131.2

133.7

135.8

138.7

141.4

144.1

146.4

149.7

153.6

167.7

161.1

163.0

166.6

169.0

170.6

170.7

172,1

173.1

172.0

171,6

172.2

172.5

171.3

172.3

172.9

67.6

91.2

95.1

96.2

102.6

105.8

108.8

1‘73.5

117.0

‘118.2

122.3

12’4.5

127.9

129.6

132.8

‘735.0

138.6

139.4

143.5

145.8

148.6

152.1

154.8

160.0

164.4

167.6

169.4

171.6

173.5

174.9

176.8

176.4

176.0

175.8

177.2

177.4

177.3

177.1

176.8

178.1

90.3

93.8

97.2

101.1

105.3

108.6

112.4

116.1

119.4

121.9

125.9

127.9

131.7

133.2

136.3

138.7

142.1

144.1

147.9

160.8

153.7

157.2

159.6

166.5

189.9

173.1

173.8

176.4

177.8

179.5

181.8

181.0

160.2

180.1

180.8

181.2

181.1

t 80.6

183.0

163.0

91.9

97.3

100,1

102.8

107.5

111.8

115.4

118.2

122.2

125.0

128.3

131.4

134.9

136.4

139.4

142.7

145.9

148.4

151.4

154.6

159.4

162.6

165.3

172.2

175.1

177.8

176.2

180.4

181.5

183.3

164.6

165.0

186.1

165.9

185.0

163.6

164.8

187,1

168.5

1S6.7

97.3

96.3

101.2

104.4

110.8

113<2

116.6

119,5

123.1

127.1

129.8

133.4

138.0

136,8

141.9

144.7

149.0

151.4

154.0

156.1

162.6

165.5

167.8

176.5

177.6

179.4

181.6

163.4

165.8

166.4

187.3

187.8

167.3

186.6

166,2

165,8

190.0

192.0

169.2

189.6

%ample size expressed in thousands. The N’s of those cells containing subjects from both HANES I and HES H or HES 111 have

been cut in half to maintafnrepresentativeness.

28
Table 6. Observedpercentiles of stature (in centimeters),

Sex and age

Female

2.00-2.25 years .......................................................................

2.25-2.75 years .......................................................................

2.75-3.25 years .......................................................................

3.25-3.75 Vears .......................................................................

3.75-4.26 years .......................................................................

4.25-4.75 years .......................................................................

4.75.5.25 years .......................................................................

5.25-5.75 years .......................................................................

5.75-&25 years .......................................................................

&25.6.75 years .......................................................................

6.?5-7.25 years .......................................................................

7.25-7.75 years .......................................................................

7.75-6.25 years .......................................................................

8.25-6.75 years .......................................................................

8.75-9.25 years .......................................................................

9.25-9.75 years .......................................................................

9.75-10.25 years .....................................................................

10.25-10.75 yearn ...................................................................

10.75-11.25 years ...................................................................

11.25-11.75 years ...................................................................

11.75-12.25 years ...................................................................

12.25-12.75 ye8K ...................................................................

12.75-13.25 years ...................................................................

13.25-13.75 years ...................................................................

13.75-14,25 years ...................................................................

14.25-14.75 yearn ...................................................................

14,75-15.25 years ...................................................................

15.25-15.75 yearn ...................................................................

16.75-16.25 years ...................................................................

16.26-16.75 years ...................................................................

16.75-17.25 years ...................................................................

17.25-17.75 years ...................................................................

17.75-18.26 years ...................................................................

18,25-18.00 year’s...................................................................

19,00-20.00 years ...................................................................

20.00-21.00 years ...................................................................

21.00-22.00 years ...................................................................

22.00-23.00 years ...................................................................

23.OC-24.00 years ...................................................................

24.00.25.00 years ...................................................................

;ex an

.

Ap

440

972

622

8S7

775

S48

876

890

866

1,025

945

952

i,004

968

988

885

1,092

I,086

870

S62

1,082

1,019

1.058

1,120

1,080

951

1,012

980

959

836

I,108

810

826

1,420

I,3s4

1,771

1,818

I,734

1,600

1,796

ae: National Center for Health Statistics. 2-24 years-Con.

Obsewed percentile

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

8tature in centimeters

81.3

S4.2

80.2

91.8

94.6

96.8

99.1

103.8

107.1

109.3

ill.7

115.8

117.8

118.9

I22.2

126.6

129.0

129.4

132.1

I34.5

139.4

141.7

I43.7

149.4

149.8

I50.3

151.5

152.6

152.5

I50.7

151.8

I50.7

152.2

I54.9

I55.0

152.3

152.0

I50.4

154.2

[52.3

82.5

85.3

90.7

92.8

96.2

97.6

101.1

106.1

109.0

111.6

113.2

117.2

119.5

121.4

124.8

127.6

130.3

131.1

134.8

135.8

142.2

145.9

147.7

151.6

151.6

153.2

153.3

154.8

f 54.6

153.3

154.6

154.3

155.5

157.6

155.9

155.1

154.6

153.0

156.0

155.4

84.6

87.1

92.7

95.0

97.9

f00.5

105.2

108.4

111.9

114.3

117.4

120.0

122.6

124.4

!28.4

131.1

134.4

[35.2

139.5

141.7

146.7

[50.8

163.0

I55.4

155.7

I57.4

157.2

I57.9

156.2

I57.5

158.0

156.0

159.8

161.2

I59.9

I59.0

158.5

156.9

158.6

158.3

66.8

90.3

95.3

97.4

100.5

103.8

108.1

111.8

115.4

117.7

120.8

123.7

127.5

129.2

132.7

135.1

138.5

140.6

143.9

147.3

151.8

154.8

157.5

159.6

160.0

161.8

161.2

162.9

163.6

162.1

161.8

162.6

163.9

165,3

163.0

163.2

152.5

162.8

163.1

162.3

89.9

93.4

96.7

99.8

103.8

106.2

111.6

115.5

118.6

121.7

124.3

127.9

130.6

133.4

137.7

139.8

143.0

144.7

148.8

152.6

156.4

159.7

161.4

163.8

163.4

165.4

166.3

167.6

167.7

168.5

166.5

166.6

168.0

167.2

166.8

168.8

167.0

167.2

166.8

167.4

93.6

94.8

99.1

102.1

106.0

109.4

113.7

118.7

122.1

125.2

126.8

131.7

132.9

135.8

141.0

144.4

147.0

149.6

153.7

157.1

161.4

154.0

165.5

165.9

167.1

169.5

171.2

172.1

f 70.7

171.5

171.6

170.0

171.0

172.4

170.6

172.4

170.8

171.2

170.5

170.4

94.6

96.4

100.6

103.6

108.2

112.0

114.7

121.3

124.6

126.9

128.6

134.2

134.6

138.0

142.3

147.6

149.8

152.4

157.0

158.8

165.9

165.7

167.4

169.2

168.7

171.1

174.9

176.2

172.3

172.6

173.8

172.5

171.8

174.2

173.1

175.3

173.0

174.5

172.6

171.6

lSample size expressed in thousands. The IV’s of those ceOscontaining subjects from both HANES Iand HES H m HfIS HI have

been cut in half to mai”tah representativeness.

28
Table 7. Observed percentiles of weight (in kilograms

Sex and age

—Male

2.00-2.25 years .......................................................................

2.25-2.75 years .......................................................................

2.75-3.25 years .......................................................................

3.25-3.75 years .......................................................................

3.75425 years .......................................................................

4.25-4.75 years .......................................................................

4.75-5.25 years .......................................................................

5.25-5.75 years .......................................................................

5.75-6.25 years .......................................................................

6.25+.75 years .......................................................................

6.75-7.25 years .......................................................................

7.25-7.75 years .......................................................................

7.75-8.25 years .......................................................................

8.25-8.75 years .......................................................................

8.75-9.25 years ..... ........ ....................... .......... ... ........... ....

9.25-9.75 years .......................................................................

9.75-10.25 years .....................................................................

10.25-10.75 years ...................................................................

10.75-11.25 years ...................................................................

11.2%1 1.75 years ...................................................................

11.75-12.25 years ...................................................................

12.25-12.75 years ...................................................................

12.75-13.25 years ...................................................................

13.2%1 3.75 years . ... ..... ..... .. . ... .......... .............. .... ....

13.75-14.25 years ...................................................................

14.2S14.75 years ...................................................................

14.75-15.25 years ...................................................................

15.25-15.75 years ...................................................................

15.75-16.25 yearn ...................................................................

16.25-16.75 years ...................................................................

16.75-17.25 years ...................................................................

17.25-17.75 years ...................................................................

17.75-18.25 years ...................................................................

18.25-19.00 years ...................................................................

19.00-20.00 years ...................................................................

20.00-21.00 years ...................................................................

21.00-22.00 years ...................................................................

22.00-23.00 years ...................................................................

23.00-24.00 yKW5 ...................................................................

24.00-25.00 years ...................................................................

Y sex

N1

419

945

785

657

856

937

874

878

908

1,033

992

1,120

1,014

902

943

958

1,030

1,070

1,052

952

1,010

1,092

1,155

1,056

954

1,019

1,112

914

1,051

676

1,054

935

866

1,067

1,770

1,668

1,703

1,662

1,589

1,595

~age: National Center for Health Statisticsr 2-24 years

Observed percentile

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Weight in kilograms

9.97

11.31

12.28

12.70

13.63

‘14.42

14.99

17.01

16.67

17.21

18.59

18.76

20.20

21.71

22.01

23.11

24.40

26.09

27.98

28.17

30.10

31.72

32.17

36.24

38.25

40.52

42.14

46.26

46.83

50.46

52.15

61.80

54.76

54.96

55.40

55.86

52.66

55.02

58.16

60.67

11.10

11.89

12.84

13.34

14.70

15.09

15.52

17.31

17.80

17.82

19.39

20.07

21.47

22.63

22.98

24.30

25.63

27.73

28.79

30.14

31.18

32.86

34.61

37.80

41.47

43.64

44.93

49.12

51.29

53.22

55.42

55.53

58,18

60.35

57.38

57.71

58.17

59.14

63.96

11.63

12.63

13.56

14.33

15.46

16.02

16.91

18.33

19.53

18.70

21.37

22.04

23.47

24.35

25.13

26.40

27.98

29.48

31.23

34.07

34.21

36.18

38.43

42.92

46.88

49.70

50.35

54.29

55.79

56.77

60.65

60.81

62.04

63.62

65.81

65.04

65.29

65.09

65.54

67.86

12.67

13.53

14.43

15.39

16.64

17.71

18.47

19.88

21.21

21.59

22.93

24.33

25.65

26.31

27.89

29.65

31.83

32.57

35.86

37.48

38.75

41.96

43.62

49.23

51.65

55.32

56.35

58.92

61.74

64.71

65.90

66.64

68.96

68.88

70.68

71.68

72.12

71.77

74.71

79.37

14.05

14.57

15.34

16.46

17.85

19.17

20.22

21.39

22.85

23.41

25.22

26.48

28.70

29.27

31.75

33.63

36.09

36.39

39.68

41.84

46.43

47.30

50.17

58.38

60.77

62.62

63.63

66.68

69.33

72.28

73.76

75.36

75.49

78.67

76.43

76.44

80.96

79.66

82.44

85.69

14.85

16.69

16.39

17.77

18.87

20.45

21,02

23,21

24.96

26.21

28.74

29,08

31.36

33.08

36.62

38.58

41.08

40.75

44.71

47.16

55.24

54.05

59.22

63.44

67.04

72.69

7%.27

75.40

76.78

81.62

81.72

83.35

88.36

92.66

87.01

66.86

89,04

90.57

94.05

97.60

15.47

16.80

17,37

18.63

20.62

21.51

22.59

26.32

26.40

26,18

30,72

32.31

35,15

34.96

40.23

45.67

43.69

45.66

51.83

52.45

62/43

58.45

64,29

68.39

76.61

77.03

76.91

81,81

86.o7

87,57

91.23

92.16

84.71

99,60

96.46

94.64

96.~3

98.93

105.35

103.19

lSamvle size expressed in thousands. The N’s of those cells containing subjects from both HANE8 1 and HES H or HES 111have

been cut i_nhalf to maintain representativeness.

30
Table 7. Observed permntiles of weight (in kilogmms), b!

Sex and age

Female

2.00-2.25 yearn .......................................................................

2.25-2.75 years .......................................................................

2.75-3.25 years .......................................................................

3.25-3.75 years .......................................................................

3.75.4.25 years .......................................................................

4.25-4.75 years .......................................................................

4.75-5.25 years .......................................................................

5.25-5.75 years .................................................. .....................

5.75-6.25 years .......................................................................

6.25-6.75 years .......................................................................

6.75-7.2’5 years .......................................................................

7.25-7’ .75 years .......................................................................

7.75-6.25 years .......................................................................

6.25.6.75 years .......................................................................

8.75-9.25 years .......................................................................

9.25-9.75 years .......................................................................

9.75-10.25 years .....................................................................

10.25-10.75 years ...................................................................

10.75-11.25 years ...................................................................

11.25-11.75 years ...................................................................

11.75-12.25 years ...................................................................

12.25-12.75 years ...................................................................

12.75-13.25 years ...................................................................

13.25-13.75 years ...................................................................

13.75-14.25 years ...................................................................

14.25-14.75 years ...................................................................

14,75-15.25 years ...................................................................

15.25-15.75 years ..... ..............................................................

15.75-16.25 years ...................................................................

16.25-16.75 years ..............................................ti ...................

16.75-17.25 years ...................................................................

17.2517.75 years ........................................ ...........................

17.75-18.25 years ...................................................................

18.25-19.00 years ...................................................................

19.00-20.00 years ...................................................................

20.00-21.00 years .............................. .............................. .......

21.00-22.00 years ................................................... ................

22.00-23.00 years ...................................................................

23.00-24.00 years ...................................................................

24.00-25.00 years ...................................................................

iex anc

.

N1

440

972

622

687

775

646

876

890

866

1,025

945

952

1,004

968

966

865

1,092

1,086

870

862

1,082

1,019

1,058

1,120

1,080

951

1,012

980

959

836

1,108

810

826

1,420

1,364

1,771

1,816

1,734

1,600

1.796

m! National Center for Health Statistics, 2-24 years-Con,

Observed percent! Ie

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Weight in kilograms

10.06

10.77

12.14

12.29

13.13

13.45

14.33

15.18

15.99

17.02

17.86

18.84

20.11

20.47

22.20

23.29

24.34

25.28

26.73

27.44

29.72

32.59

34.21

37.72

37.74

40.77

41.14

42.99

43.64

43.86

43.67

42.90

45.05

44.83

46.65

44.40

46.08

42.86

45.59

46.65

10.66

11.20

12.40

13.03

13.63

14.05

15.21

16.20

17.09

17.71

18.74

19.60

20.79

21.50

23.17

24.72

25.25

26.69

28.32

29.45

32.74

34.97

37.17

39.45

39.66

42.96

43.65

46.11

45.74

45.69

46.57

45.36

47.89

45.89

48.83

47.23

48.54

46.18

47.77

46.13

11.41

11.98

13.12

13.58

14.51

15.04

16.48

17.47

16.21

19.24

20.20

21.33

22.49

23.30

25.27

28.92

28.03

29.42

32.09

32.66

36.42

39.46

41.44

45.00

44.66

47.21

47.46

48.98

49.22

49.46

50.76

50.56

52.68

51.03

51.62

51.70

52.15

51.35

52.16

52.06

12.21

12.76

13.93

14.60

15.68

16.57

17.73

18.92

20.19

21.06

22.13

23.72

24.69

26.39

26.79

30.28

31.68

33.00

36.13

37.97

41.70

45.37

47,08

50.30

50.22

53.03

53.29

55.25

54.92

54.97

56.49

55.23

57.68

56.97

57.24

57.22

58.36

58.82

59.67

56.86

12.66

13.94

15.61

15.93

17.15

17.76

19.66

20.96

22.39

23.55

23.98

28.54

27,73

29.69

33.40

34.54

36.38

37.63

42.27

44.36

48.78

51.40

54.79

56.81

56.44

60.95

59.72

60.80

61.58

62.64

62.22

81.59

62.32

63.16

63.48

63.94

64.64

67.38

64.64

66.33

13.64

14.74

16.84

17.54

18.22

19.35

21.23

23.44

24.86

26.17

26.91

29.81

32.63

33.65

39.86

39.87

43.16

45.90

47.72

50.77

57.77

56.10

62.20

67.05

66.44

68.88

71.57

71.45

67.70

72.37

72.45

70.62

69.62

72.62

76.33

72.15

72.88

75.54

72.80

77.17

14.57

15.09

17.74

16.28

18.94

20.26

22.10

25.01

26.71

27.89

29.58

31.55

35.20

36.45

42.69

43.62

45.92

48.37

54.49

58.09

64.79

63.21

66.61

75.78

74.70

76.43

75.36

77.78

78.03

83.10

84.19

84.82

75.86

78.70

63.48

75.69

81.76

85.35

84.62

66.04

lSample size expressed in thousands. The N% of those cells containing subjects from both H.4NE8 I and HES 11 or HES 111have

been cut in half to maintain representativeness.

31
Table 8. Obfewed percentiles of weight 2in kilograms), by stature (in centimeter

2.11.5 years (

I

andsex: National Center for Health Statistics, 2.10.0 yews (femaled or

330

451

451

555

359

557

414

561

553

702

641

706

912

1,013

1.234

1,164

1,430

647

1,565

1,277

1,524

1,443

1,554

1,281

1,164

1,356

1,043

709

332

429

566

66S

522

421

425

524

522

3233

651

793

909

1,0s9

1,162

1.277

1,246

1,319

1.219

1.327

1,102

1,038

869

66?

. .

. .

. .

. .

Observedpercentile

5th I

10tb 25th 50th 75th

I

90th

I

95th

12.02

12.06

12.31

12.31

13.70

13.92

14.31

14.45

15.51

16.20

16.15

16.84

1s.04

1S.36

18.43

19.49

20.42

21.50

22.30

22.84

23.96

24.45

24.65

26.47

26.11

2S.65

28.s2

30.45

17.73

12.04

12,06

13.08

12.49

14.03

14.14

14,3s

14.61

14.55

16.09

16.2S

17.35

18.09

1s,39

19.43

19.96

20.47

21.53

22.52

23.66

24.47

25.25

26.05

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

12.22

12.22

12.66

13.06

14.05

14.20

14.64

14.91

16.43

16,50

17.78

18.32

16.60

19.01

20.23

21.12

22.19

22.92

23.91

24.35

25.33

25.46

27.21

26.48

29.46

31.10

31.47

12.027

12.19

12.2.0

13.22

12.99

14.26

14.38

14.95

15.73

15.40

16.36

16.92

18,13

1s,37

18.s6

20,16

20.39

21.41

22.25

23.2E

24.3c

25.3C

26.3C

26.7E

. .

. .

.

Weight i“ kilt

12.81

12.71

13.68

14.28

14.50

14.62

15.63

16.14

16.56

17.10

17.57

18.66

19.16

20.06,

20.29

21.31

22.42

22.95

24.31

24.79

25.41

26.74

27.45

28.68

29.59

31.19

32.82

34.24

12.46

12.66

12.97

13.66

14.20

14.95

15.09

16.19

16.47

16.42

17.16

18.30

18.61

19.23

20.15

21.09

21.59

22,69

23.28

24.62

25.39

26.67

28.18

28.47

. . .

.,.

. . .

. . . ..

ms

14.90

14.61

15.46

15.s0

I6.1O

17.12

17.51

18.30

[8.98

[9.77

19.91

21.27

21.39

22.01

22.s1

24.40

25.19

26.15

27.31

23.32

29.35

31.33

32.18

33.40

33.65

36.81

38.8o

40.69

13.70

14.51

16.26

15.49

16.33

17.36

17.62

17.81

18.46

18.55

19.51

20.89

21.34

21.93

23.18

23.90

24.61

25,72

27.42

2S.73

29.73

32A7

33.03

34.32

. . .

.,,

. . .

.,.

15.56

15.51

16.94

17.12

16.o4

17.68

16.19

19.33

19.76

22,13

21,50

22.63

21.98

23.41

23.76

25,76

26.7S

27.00

29.91

31.31

31,17

34.76

37.22

36.53

37.25

40.96

42.37

44.5~

14.71

15.51

15.84

16.35

77.57

1S.79

1S.92

19.0s

19.5f

19.78

20.64

22.04

22,70

23.65

25,02

25.65

26,6S

27.74

29.61

31.21

33.45

35.43

36,17

37.65

,..

,.,

,..

.,,

15.79

15,s1

16.61

17.77

19,s6

18,96

19.30

19.67

20.53

23,16

22.37

23.85

23,22

23.88

24.64

26.85

27.95

30.14

31.05

34.33

31<96

35.62

39.83

37.73

39.62

4S,32

44.39

48,8S

15.84

15.66

16.49

17,2~

17,99

22/16

19.50

19.66

19.s6

20.87

21.45

23.14

23.79

25.07

25,90

27.36

26,67

29.72

31,19

33.04

35.21

39:20

42,36

,..

,,,

,,,

.,,

lSmnple size expressed in thomands The N% of those ..[1s contai”i.g subjects from both HAN33S 1 and HES 11 c.. HES 111 h.v. been cut in half to

mahtain representative.es.

32
Table 9. Smoothed percentiles of recumbent length (in centimeters), by sex a

and data f mm Fels Research Institui

Sex and age

Male —

Ohth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Imonth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9mcmths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12manths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24manths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30manths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36m0nths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i aae: Statistics from National Center fm Health Statistics

birth-36 months

Smcmthedl percentile

5th I

10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Recumbent length in centimeters

46.4

50.4

56.7

63.4

6S.0

71.7

77.5

82.3

87.0

91.2

45.4

49.2

55.4

61.8

66.1

69.8

76.0

81.3

66.0

90.0

47.5

51,3

57.7

64.4

69.1

72.8

78.7

83.5

88.2

92.4

48.6

50.2

56.2

62.6

67.0

70.8

77.2

82.5

87.0

91.0

49.0

53.0

59.4

66.1

70.6

74.3

80.5

85,6

90.1

94.2

48.2

51.9

57.8

64.2

68.7

72.4

78.8

84.2

68.9

93.1

50.5

54.6

61.1

67.8

72.3

76.1

62.4

87.6

92.3

96.5

49.9

53.5

59.5

65.9

70.4

74.3

80.9

86.5

91.3

95.6

51.8

56.2

63.0

69.7

74.0

77.7

84.3

89.9

94.6

98.9

61.0

54.9

61.2

67.8

72.4

76.3

S3.O

86.7

93.7

98.1

53.5

57.7

64.5

71.3

75.9

79.8

66.6

92,2

97.0

101.4

52.0

56.1

62.7

69.4

74.0

78.0

85.o

90.8

95.6

100,0

54.4

58.6

65.4

72.3

77.1

81.2

88.1

93.8

98.7

103.1

62.9

66.8

63.4

70.2

75.0

79.1

86.1

92.0

96.9

101.5

%moothed by cubic-spline approximation, .s described in appendix 11.

33
Table 10. Smoothed percentiles of weight [in kilograms), by sex and

from Fels Research Institt

Sex and age

we

8irth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lmonth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3manths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24m0nths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30m0nths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female

Sinh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Imanth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6mcmths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9mcmths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..’ . . . . . . . . . . . .

30months . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

: Statistics from National Center far Health Statistics and data

birth-36 months

Smoothedl percentile

5th

I

10th

I

25th I

50th I

75th

I

90th

I

95th

We!ght in kilograms

2.54

3.16

4.43

6.20

7.52

8.43

9.59

I 0.54

11.44

I 2.26

2.36

2.97

4.18

5.79

7.00

7.64

8.92

9.87

10.7s

11.60

—

2.7S

3.43

4.78

6.61

7.95

8.64

9.92

10.85

11.s0

12.69

2.58

3.22

4.47

6.12

7.34

8.19

9.30

10.26

11.21

12.07

3.00

3.S2

5.32

7.20

8.56

9.49

10.67

11.65

12.63

13.56

2.93

3.59

4.S6

6.60

7.89

S.81

10.04

11.10

12.11

12.99

3.27

4.29

5.98

7.85

9.1s

10.15

11.47

12.59

13.67

14.69

3.23

3.9s

5.40

7.21

S.56

9.53

10.82

11.90

12.93

13.93

3.64

4.75

6.56

8.49

9.66

10.91

12.31

13.44

14.51

15.59

3.52

4.36

5.90

7.s3

9.24

10.23

11.55

12.74

13.93

15.03

3.82

5.14

7.14

9.10

10.49

11.54

13.05

14.29

15.47

16.66

3.64

4.65

6.39

S.38

9.63

lcl.s7

12.30

13.57

14.81

15.97

4.15

S.38

7.37

9.46

10.93

11.99

13.44

14.70

15.97

17.28

3.81

4.92

6.74

S.73

10.17

11.24

12.76

14,0s

15.35

16.54

lSmoothed by cubic-spline approximation, as described in appendix U.

34
Table 11. Smoothed percentiles of head circumference (in centimeters], by sex and age: Statistics from National Center for Health

Statistic and data from Fels Research Institute. birth-36 months

Sex and age

,-_ Male

6hth . . . . . . . . . . . . ...>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Imonth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6montbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12manths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18nmnths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female

6irth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Imonth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18mcmths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-

5th

32.6

34.9

38.4

41.5

43.5

44.8

46.3

47.3

48.0

48.6

32.1

34.2

37.3

40.3

42.3

43.5

45.0

46.1

47.0

47,6

Smoothedl percentile

10th

I

25th 50th 75th , 90th

Head circumference m centirwtera

33.0

35.4

38.9

42.0

44.0

45.3

46.7

47.7

48.4

49.0

32.9

34.8

37.s

40.9

42.8

44.1

45.6

46.5

47.3

47.9

33.9

36.2

39.7

42.8

44.s

46.1

47.4

48.3

49.1

49.7

33.5

35.6

38.7

41.6

43.5

44.8

46.3

47.3

48.0

48.5

34.s

37.2

40.6

43.8

45.8

47.0

46.4

49.2

49.9

50.5

34.3

36.4

39.5

42.4

44.3

45.6

47.1

48.1

48.6

49.3

35.6

38.1

41.7

44.7

46.6

47.9

49.3

50.2

51.0

51.5

34.8

37.1

40.4

43.3

46.1

46.4

47.9

46.S

49.4

50.0

36.6

39.0

42.5

45.6

47.5

46.8

50.1

51.0

51.7

52.3

35.5

37.8

41.2

44.1

46.0

47.2

46.6

49.6

50.3

50.8

95th

37.2

39.6

43.1

46.2

46.1

49.3

50.6

51.4

52.2

52.8

35.9

38.3

41,7

44.6

46.4

47.6

49.1

50.1

50.8

61.4

lSmoothed by c“fdc-spline appmxinmtion, as describedin appendix 11.

35
Table 12. Smoothed percemiles of weighr 6. ki109rams). by sex and recumbent le.

Statistics and data from Fek Research Imti

Sex and recumbent length

Fenwde

48-50 cenometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-52 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52-54 centimecws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5456centimetecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56-56 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

58.60 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~42centimmem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62-64 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W66centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66%3centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66-70 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-72 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72-74 centimerws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

74-76 cemirneters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

76-78 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

73-30 centimetws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80.62 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

82-64 centimeter$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6486centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

88-68 ccmtimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

86-90 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90-92 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92-84 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84-96 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

96-98 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98-100 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-102 centimerer5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

102-104 centimeter5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(in centimeters): Slattsti.s from Natioml Center for Health

, bir3h-48 months

5th

.

.

.

3.49

3.90

4.37

4.88

5.43

5.99

6.55

7.10

7.63

8.13

8.58

9.00

9.40

9.77

10.14

10.49

10.85

11.22

11.60

12.00

12.42

12.88

13.37

13.90

14.43

.

.

.

3.54

3.93

4.38

4.85

5.35

5.87

6.28

6.89

7.37

7.82

8.24

8.62

8.99

9.34

9.68

10.03

10.39

10.76

11.16

11.58

12.05

12.55

13.10

13.s3

. .

10th —

.

.

.

3.65

4.08

4.58

5.10

5.65

6.20

6.76

7.31

7.84

6.33

8.78

9.21

9.62

10.01

10.39

10.76

11.14

11.53

11.94

12.37

12.81

13.28

13.78

14.30

14.85

.

.

.

3.64

4.05

4.50

4.99

5.5a

6.03

6.56

7.08

7.58

8,05

8.4g

8.90

9.29

9.67

10.04

10.41

10.78

11.17

II .5a

12.02

12.4E

12.9E

13.51

14.08

. .

Smoothedl percentile

~

Weight in kilograms

286

3.16

3.52

3.95

4.43

4.64

5.49

6.05

6.62

7.18

7.75

8.28

8.78

9.24

9.68

10.09

10.49

10.68

11.27

11.67

12.08

12.52

12.97

13.45

13,96

14.50

15.06

15.65

3.02

3.25

3.56

3.93

4.37

4.85

5.37

6.91

6.47

7.02

7.56

8.08

8.56

9.00

9.42

9.81

10.19

10.57

10.94

11.33

11.74

12.17

12.63

13.12

13.84

14.19

14.77

. . .

3.15

3.48

3.88

4.34

4.64

5.38

5.94

6.52

7.11

7.70

8.27

8.82

9.33

9.81

10.27

10.70

11.12

11.53

11.93

12.34

12.76

13.20

13.66

14.14

14.66

15.21

15.81

16.45

3.28

3.55

3.69

4.29

4.76

5.27

5.82

6.39

6.97

7.55

8.11

8.64

9.14

9.58

10.02

10.41

! 0.80

11,18

11.56

11.95

‘f2.36

12.80

13.27

43.77

14.31

f4.87

15.46

. . .

3.50

3.66

4.26

4.76

5.29

5.84

6.42

7.o2

7.63

8.23

8.82

9.39

9.92

10.43

10.91

11.36

11.80

12.23

12.66

13.07

13.50

13.94

14.40

14.88

16.39

15.94

16.54

17,18

3.59

3.89

4.26

4.70

5.20

5.73

6.30

6.68

7.43

8.07

8.84

8.18

9.68

10.14

10.57

10.87

11.37

17.76

12.15

12.55

12.98

13.46

13.95

14.48

15.04

15.63

16.26

. . .

90th ! 95th

.

.

.

5.13

5.69

6.26

6.88

7.50

8.13

8.75

9.35

9.93

10.48

10.99

11.48

11.94

12.39

12.63

13.26

13.69

14,13

14.58

15,05

15.54

16.06

16.62

17.22

17.87

.

.

.

5.02

5.55

6.12

6.70

7.30

7.90

8.50

9.06

9.s3

10.15

10.63

11.08

11.51

11.93

12.35

12.76

13.19

13.63

14.10

14.61

15.14

15.71

16.32

16.96

,.,

.

.

.

6.33

5.88

6.47

7.03

7.72

8.36

8.99

9.62

10.21

10<77

11<29

11,78

12,25

12.69

13.13

13.56

14.00

14.44

14.90

15.39

15.90

16.43

17.00

17.60

18.24

.

.

.

5.21

6.77

6.38

6.95

7.55

8.15

8,75

9.33

9.36

10.41

10.91

11.39

11.85

12.26

12.72

13.15

13.57

14.01

14.45

14.92

15.42

15.99

16.64

17.36

. . .

lSnmothed by cubic.sp]f”e approximation, asdescribedi“ appendix 11.

36
,-.,---,------... ,,.-,.. ....... . .. .. ....

Table 13. Smoothed percentiles .3*stature Ii. cmtmemfsl. %’ sex and wc Data and staustica fro

Sex and aw

,au”r!., .,. !!,., ,.r “..!,,, OMC,>UG,, . .“ . . ,..!.

Smmthedl rmrcent,k

51h 10lh 2*h 50th I

Jsth-90th 95th

Smwre incenumetm

94.4

978

1Dzo

106.?

1G9.9

1135

<17.0

120.3

123.5

126.6

129.7

132.7

135.7

13s.s

141.8

1449

148.1

151.5

154.9

i 58.5

162.3

166.1

1B.8

173.4

1767

1795

1819

183.9

1B54

1866

187.3

t 87.6

187.6

93.6

%.6

1006

104.5

1083

172.0

1156

1182

122.7

1261

1Z9.5

1329

136.2

1396

1428

1462

149.5

152.8

156.2

1595

162.7

1656

168.1

170.0

171.3

172.2

172.8

1731

173.3

173.4

1735

173,5

173,6

%nmothed by <uhic.soline :PP,0X,IU2.1,0”. .s dascr,bcd ,. aPPm’J,x 11

2B,c.u= or a 1.-w,,,. Problem the pe,ce”t,le, of $tatum for ch,ldre” under 2.s ycam .,, not I@I,ly rel,abh. The age ,nterml rqmcae”kd B 2.0CK2 25 years

37
Table 14. Smooched c.erce.tilw of weight {in kd.awrns), bv sex and aw Data and Statmucs from Nat,onal Center for Health Statnsucs, 1.5 to 18 Years

lSnw.thed by c“buq,!inc zpproxim>t ,... as desc”b,d.i” append,, 11.

Smoothedx Pe,cent,ls

5th 10lh I 25th S-9th 75th I Wth I 95th

Wwht 8“ ktl.awann

..

.,

..

38 .~’

.’
Table 15. Smoothed Dwcentdes of wmght (in kilograms]. bv %x and stature fin mntirneterd: Data and stmmtics from Natmnal Cenw far Health

Statistics, prepubescentmales an

Sex and s2ature

90.92 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92.94 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

94-96 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

96-98 ce.tim@em . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98-160 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-102 centimetms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

102.104centimeten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104-106 centlmetOrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10&lOS.entimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10EkllOcentimetws, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110-l 12centimeter5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112-l 14c0ntimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114-l 18centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116-l lltcentimetem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

llS-120cenorneters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120-122 cwttimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

122-124 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124-126 centimeters, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126-12Bcentimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128-130 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130.132 mntimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

132-134 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134.136.entimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

136-136 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

138-140 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

140-142 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

142.144 cmtimeter5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

144-146 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female

90.92 cmtimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92-94 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

94-96 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

96-98 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

96-100 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-102 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

102-104 cemimetws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104-106 centimews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

106-108 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

108-l 10centimetets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110-l 12centlmeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l12-114centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114-116 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116-l 18centImeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

llS-120 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120-122 qentOmetws.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122-124 centimnter5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124.126 centimeterz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126-128 centimeter .. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128-130 centimeter3, . . . . . . . . . ...<.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130-132 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

132-134 centimeter+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134-136 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

136.138centimetem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

136-140 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

140-142 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

142-144 centimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lM.1460entimeten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

females

Smoothedl percenole

5th 10th I25th I50th I

75th 90th 95th

11.70

12.07

12.46

1287

13.31

73.77

14.25

14.76

15.30

15.8S

16.43

17.04

17.66

13.32

18,99

19.70

20.43

21.20

21.99

22.82

2369

24.59

25.53

26.51

27.53

2S.59

29.70

30.s6

11.46

t166

12.26

12.66

13.06

13.48

13.91

14.36

14.64

15.35

15.90

16.48

1711

17.77

18.48

19.22

19.99

2080

21.65

22.53

23.44

24.38

2535

26.34

. .

.

.

. . .

11.97

1236

12.77

13.21

13.67

14.15

14.65

16,18

t5.73

t6.31

16.91

17.53

1s.18

18.65

t9.55

20.28

21.03

21.82

22.64

23.50

2439

25.32

26.30

27.32

28.38

29.48

30.64

31.65

11.67

Iz.to

1253

12.97

13.42

13.88

14.36

14.85

1537

15.91

16.48

17.09

17.72

1S.40

19.t 1

19.85

20.64

21.47

22.34

23.25

24.22

25.22

26.28

27.39

. . .

.

. .

. . .

Weight in kilograms

12.58

13.03

13.49

13.98

14.48

15,00

15.54

16,10

16.6s

17,28

17.90

18.54

19.20

19.89

20.60

21.34

22.11

22.92

23.77

24.67

2562

26.62

27.68

26.80

29.99

31.25

32.58

3400

12.28

12.74

1321

13.70

14.19

14.69 I

t 6.21

15.75

16.30

16.87

17.47

18.06

18.72

19.40

20.11

20.S7

21.68

1

22.54

23.47

2446

25.52

26.66

27.88

29.19

. .

.

.

. . .

14.35

14.84

15.34

15.s7

16.41

16.98

17.57

16.18

1882

19.49

20.18

20,91

21.66

22.45

23,28

24.15

25.07

26.05

27.10

28.21

29.41

3066

32.05

33.51

3506

36.75

38.54

40.45

14.11

t 4.63

15.14

15.66

16.19

16.73

17.2S

17.S6

16.46

19.09

19.76

20.47

21.23

22.04

22.92

2388

24.91

26.05

27.28

2863

30.09

31.66

33.41

35.29

. .

. . . I

. .

~

15.2E

16.87

16.45

17,01

17.56

18.11

18.67

19,25

1986

20.51

21.22

21.98

22.82

23.73

24,73

25.80

26,96

28.18

29.48

30.66

32.31

33.82

35.40

37.05

38.77

40.55

42.39

44.29

14.98

t567

16,13

16.69

17.24

17.60

1s.3s

18.96

19.62

20.30

21.03

21.81

22.67

23.60

24.62

25.73

26.85

26.27

29.71

3128

32.99

3464

36.84

39.01

. .

. .

. . .

.

—

.15.72

16.41

17.06

17.W

18.29

18.S9

18.50

20.12

20.76

21.45

22.18

22.9S

23.s5

24.80

25.83

26.96

28.18

29.50

30.92

32.44

34.07 .

35.81

37.67

39.65

41.74

43.97

48.32

4880

15.74

16.42

17.05

17.65

18.23

18.S0

19.38

19,98

20.61

21,29

22.03

22,04

“23.73

2~.71

25.81

27.03

28.37

29.87

31.51

33.33

‘ 35.33

37.53

3993

42.54

.

.

. .

18mooihed by cubic-spline approximation, as described in appendix 11.

39
Table 16. Cumulative frequency distributions of recumbent Iength-stature differences for children from 2.25 to 7.25 vears of age, by sex

Recumbent Iength+tature

difference

*

0.0 centimeter ...............................

0.1 centimeter ...............................

0.2 centimeter ...............................

0.3 centimeter...............................

0.4 centimeter. ..............................

0.5 centimeter ...............................

0.6 centimeter ...............................

0.7 centimeter ...............................

0.8 centimeter ...............................

0.9 centimeter ...............................

1.0 centimeter...............................

1.1 centimeters.............................

1.2 centimeters .............................

1.3 centimete~ .............................

1.4 centimeters .............................

1.5 centimeter .............................

1.6 centimeters .............................

1.7 centimetwt .............................

1.8 centimeters .............................

1.9 centimeters .............................

2.0 centimeter .............................

2.1 centimeters .............................

2.2 centimetm .............................

2.3 centimeter .............................

2.4 centimeters .............................

2.5 centimeters .............................

2.6 centimeters .............................

2.7 centimeters .............................

2.8 centimeters .............................

2.9 centimeters .............................

3.0 centimeters .............................

3.1-3.2 centimeters .......................

3.3-3.4 centimetm .......................

3.5-3.6 centimeter .......................

3.7-3.8 centimeters .......................

3.94.0 centimeters .......................

4.14.2 centimeters .......................

4.34.4 centimeters .......................

4.5 centimeters and over ..............

Median .........................................

and age: Fels Research Institute

Age in yea!s

2%-2% 2%-3% 3X-3% 3%-W 4%4% 4%-5% 5%-5% 5%-6% 6%-6% 6%-7%

Cumulative frequency distribution

0.0

3.7

4.9

6.1

6.1

9.8

9.8

11.0

11.0

11.0

18.3

19.5

20.7

25.6

25.6

29.3

39.0

39.0

42.7

43.9

51.2

E43.8

63.4

65.8

67.1

75.6

78.0

79.3

64.2

85.4

80.2

93.9

93.9

95.1

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.98

0.4

1.2

1.6

3.1

3.9

5.8

10.5

10.8

16.7

19.0

27.1

36.4

38.8

43.4

44.2

50.0

57.4

58.1

70.5

72.9

79.8

84.5

64.5

87.6

68.2

89.9

92.6

92.6

94.6

94.6

95.0

96.5

97.3

98.1

98.4

S9.2

89.6

100.0

100.0

1.50

0.0

2.1

2.8

3.8

4.5

8.4

12.5

13.6

17.1

18.5

27.2

32.4

33.8

41.1

42.9

48.4

55.8

57.5

65.5

67.6

73.9

79.8

80.8

63.3

e4.7

87.5

92.0

92.7

93.7

93.7

95.6

96.2

97.2

97.9

97.9

98.6

98.6

99.0

99.0

1.52

f .0

1.7

2.1

3.8

4.1

6.2

9.6

10.0

13.4

14.4

19.2

27.5

31.6

40.2

41.9

49.5

56.8

59.4

67.7

68.7

73.9

80.1

82.1

85.2

66.2

68.7

92.1

92.8

94.8

95.2

95.9

98.3

98.3

99.3

99.7

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.51

0.7

1.7

1.7

3.4

4.1

7.1

13.3

14.3

20.1

20.6

29.2

34.7

36.7

44.2

46.6

53.4

61.2

62.2

69.4

72.4

77.9

81.3

83.3

89.1

89.5

91.5

94.6

94.9

96.6

98.9

86.0

98.3

88.6

9%3.0

99.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.46

0.3

0.7

0.7

2.0

2.0

6.0

12.6

13.3

19.6

21.6

30.8

35.6

37.2

46.5

49.2

59.1

66.1

65.8

71.6

73.1

80.4

64.7

65.4

66.4

89.4

91.4

94.0

94.4

95.0

95.0

95.4

96.0

97.7

99.7

99.7

99.7

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.41

1.1

1.6

2.2

3.3

4.1

7.4

11.1

12.2

20.3

21.8

29.2

40.2

41.7

50.9

53.1

61.2

66.4

68.3

76.0

77.7

64.1

90.4

90.8

93.7

93.7

85.2

95.9

95.9

97.4

97.8

98.5

99.3

89.3

99.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.29

1.1

2.6

2.6

5.2

IE

17.6

19.1

26.5

27.2

33.8

44.1

46.7

65.5

56.1

65.1

72.1

73.9

79.8

79.8

86.0

90.4

91.5

93.4

93.4

96.0

97.1

97.1

97.1

97.1

97.4

98.2

96.9

98.9

99.3

99.3

99.3

99.6

100.0

1.24

0.4

2.0

2.4

4.5

6.6

13.8

19.1

21.1

27.6

29.7

39.0

46.8

48.o

56.1

56.9

63.4

72.0

72.4

79.7

79.7

86.2

90.2

90.2

93.9

93.9

95.9

97.2

97.2

98.0

98.4

98.4

98.8

99.2

99.2

99.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.22

0.4

1.9

242

;:

13.4

22.0

23.9

30.8

32.8

42.9

52.2

54,1

63,1

66.0

72.4

77.6

78.4

64.3

88.2

91.4

95.2

96.2

95.9

96.3

96.6

96.6

96.6

97.4

97.4

98.1

96.6

99.6

99.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.06

40
Table 16. Cumulative freouencv distributions of recumbent Ien.ath-statwe differences for children from 2.25 m 7.25 vears of sue. bv sex

Recumbent length-stature

difference

Female

0.0 centimeter ...............................

0.1 centimeter ...............................

0.2 centimeter, ..............................

0.3 centimeter ...............................

0.4 centimeter ...............................

0.5 centimeter ................................

0.6 centimeter ...............................

0.7 centimeter ................................

0.8 centimeter ...............................

0.9 centimeter ...............................

1.0 centimeter ...............................

1.1 centimeters .............................

1.2 centimeters .... .......... ..... ... ...

1.3 centimeters .............................

1.4 centimeters .............................

1,5 centimeters .............................

1.6 centimeters .............................

1.7 centimeters .............................

1.8 centimeters .............................

1.9 centimeters .............................

2.0 centimeters .............................

2.1 centimeters .............................

2.2 centimeters .............................

2.3 centimeters .............................

2.4 centimeters .............................

2.5 centimeters .............................

2.6 centimeters .............................

2.7 centimeters .............................

2.S centimeters .............................

2.9 centimeters .............................

3.0 centimeters .............................

3.1-2.2 centimeters .......................

3.3-3.4 centimetcm .......................

3.6-3.6 centimeters .......................

3.7-3.8 centimeters .......................

3,9-4.0 centimeters .......................

4.1-4.2 centimeters .......................

4.3-4.4 centimeters .......................

4.5 centimews and aver ..............

Median .........................................

and age: Fels Research Institute-Con.

Age in years

2%-2% 2%-3X 3X-3% 3%-W 4%4% 4%-5% 5%-5% 5%-5% 5%-6% 6%-7%

2.0

3.0

5.0

8.1

10.1

12.1

14.1

16.2

19.2

23.2

26.3

32.3

32.3

38.4

39.4

45.4

56.6

56.6

61.6

62.5

69.7

73.7

75.8

77.8

77.8

83.6

87.9

87.9

90.9

90.9

92.9

95.0

96.0

97.0

98.0

98.0

99.0

100.0

100.0

1.54

0.4

2.4

2.4

3.6

4.4

8.0

12.0

12.8

19.3

19.7

25.7

34.9

36.6

42.6

43.4

50.2

60.6

63.4

68.3

70.3

73.1

77.9

79.1

85.1

65.5

86.8

89.2

90.8

92.8

93.6

93.6

95.2

96.0

98.8

98.8

98.8

99.6

100.0

t 00.0

1.50

0.0

1.9

2.7

6.2

6.2

8.5

12.3

12.7

20.0

21.2

28.8

33.5

36.2

41.2

43.5

50.4

57.7

60.4

67.7

69.6

76.9

83.5

85.0

89.2

80.0

91.2

93.5

84.2

95.4

95.4

96.2

96.9

97.7

98.8

98.8

98.6

99.2

99.2

100.0

1.49

1. Cumulative frequency distribution

0.3

2.1

2.8

5.8

6.2

10.6

14.8

16.2

22.3

23.7

29.6

36.6

37.5

43.3

46.4

53.3

58.4

61.5

69.4

71.5

77.7

64.2

85.6

89.0

90.0

92.1

94.8

85.2

96.2

96.9

97.2

98.3

89.3

99.7

99.7

99.7

99.7

99.7

100.0

1.45

1.1

1.4

2.9

5.0

6.1

9.3

16.5

17.6

22.2

22.9

28.7

36.9

38.4

44.4

47.3

56.6

63.6

64.9

72.0

73.5

77.8

83.5

85.0

67.8

88.9

91.0

92.5

92.8

95.7

95.7

97.1

97.8

98.2

99.3

99.3

99.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.43

1.0

4.5

4.5

6.3

7.3

10.8

16.4

18.1

25.4

26.6

33.1

39.4

41.1

50.9

51.9

57.8

66.9

68.3

72.8

73.5

79.4

83.3

84.0

87.1

67.8

91.6

93.0

94.1

96.5

97.2

99.0

99.3

99.3

99.6

98.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.29

1.5

4.1

4.4

9.6

9.6

12.2

18.1

21.0

25.5

27.3

34.3

42.4

44.3

50.9

52.4

60.2

69.7

72.7

78.3

80.8

86.0

90.4

90.8

93.4

93.7

95.2

95.6

96.7

96.7

97.0

98.2

98.2

98.5

99.6

99.6

t 00.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.29

0.1

3.7

6.2

7.5

8.2

13.4

19.8

21.3

28.o

31.0

40,3

46.6

49.2

68.2

61.6

66.7

75.4

76.9

82.5

83.6

88.4

92.9

94.0

96.6

97.4

97.4

98.9

98.9

99.2

99.2

99.2

100.0

t 00.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.21

.09

2.6

4.4

7.9

9.2

13.2

20.2

22.4

29.o

31.6

39.0

45.2

46.9

58.3

60.5

67.5

76.9

76.8

79.4

80.7

86.8

89.0

89.9

90.8

91.7

96.2

96.0

96.0

96.9

96.9

97.4

96.7

98.7

99.1

98.1

99.6

99.6

99.6

100.0

1.23

1.2

3.3

4.1

9.4

11.5

17.2

22.5

24.8

31.2

33.2

42.6

52.9

54.1

64.3

86.4

72.5

78.7

80.7

64.6

86.9

90.6

94.3

95.1

97.1

97.5

98.4

98.8

88.6

99.2

99.2

99.2

99.2

99.2

99.6

t 00.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.07
.

Table 17. Means, standard deviation, Pearson statistics, and Pearscmderived percentiles of stature for U.S. males 6 to 18 years of agtx

Age

6.00-S.25 years ......................................................

6.25-S.50 years ......................................................

6.50-6.75 years ......................................................

6.75-7.00 years ......................................................

7.00-7,25 years ......................................................

7.25-7.50 years ......................................................

7.50-7.75 years ......................................................

7.75-8.00 year3 ......................................................

8.00-8.25 years ......................................................

8.25%.50 years ...................~.................................

8.50-6.75 years ......................................................

8.75-9.00 years .......................................................

9.00-9.25 years ......................................................

9.25-9.50 years ......................................................

9.50-9.75 yea= ......................................................

9.75-10.00 years ....................................................

10.00-10.25 years ..................................................

1O.2E5-10.50 yearn ..................................................

10.50-10.75 years ..................................................

10.7S11 .00 years ..................................................

11.00-11.25 yews ..................................................

11.2S11 .50 years ..................................................

11.50-11.75 years ..................................................

11.75-12.00 years ..................................................

12.00-12.25 years ..................................................

12.25-12.50 years ..................................................

12.50-12.75 years ..................................................

12.75-13.00 years ..................................................

13.00-13.25 years ..................................................

13.25-13.50 years ..................................................

13.50-13.75 years ..................................................

13.75-14.00 yearn ..................................................

14.00-14.25 years ..................................................

14.25-14.50 years ..................................................

14.50-14.75 years ..................................................

14.75-15.00 years ..................................................

15.00-15.25 years ..................................................

15.2515.50 years ..................................................

15.50-15.75 years ..................................................

16.75-16.00 years ..................................................

16.00-16.25 years ..................................................

16.25-16.50 years ..................................................

16.50-16.75 years ..................................................

16.75-17.00 years ..................................................

17.00-17.25 years ..................................................

17.25-17.50 years ..................................................

17.5GI 7.75 years ..................................................

17.75-18.00 years ..................................................

United States. 1963-70

x

116.2

118.2

118.7

121.0

122.0

123.4

125.4

126.6

128.4

129.1

130.4

131.3

134.1

134.7

136.1

137.3

138.4

139.5

140.7

143.1

143.2

144.6

148.0

147.0

149.7

149.7

153.5

155.2

156.3

159.s

160.1

762.7

154.5

166.9

167.0

169.1

169.7

171.7

171.3

173.3

173.7

174.1

174.6

175.0

175.4

176.3

175.0

176.2

s

4.8

4.8

4.7

5.5

4.3

5.2

5.3

5.7

5.0

6.1

4.8

6.2

6.5

6.2

7.0

6.7

6.4

6.6

6.1

6.5

6.5

7.3

5.8

6.7

6.2

7.9

8.3

8.3

6.7

8.4

9.1

8.6

9.0

6.8

B.3

7.6

8.6

6.9

7.3

6.5<

7.2

7.3

6.1

7.3

7.0

6.6

7.0

7.3

&

.2015

.0769

.0049

.0393

.0673

.0655

.0972

.1046

.1090

.1114

.1122

.1118

.1107

.1089

.1067

.1040

.1011

.0980

.0946

.0914

.0879

.0s44

.0808

.0773

.0738

.0703

.0668

.0635

.0602

.0571

.0542

.0514

.0488

.0465

.0445

.0429

.0416

.0409

.0408

.0413

.0428

.0448

.0481

.0526

.0587

.0665

.0764

.0888

P~

1-6.7163

1-2.5400

10.5689

2.2825

3.2335

3.7735

4.0748

4.2323

4.3013

4.3149

4.2938

4.2506

4.1944

4.1306

4.0629

3.9937

3.9249

3.6574

3.7920

3.7292

3.6692

3.6123

3.5564

3.5077

3.4600

3.4153

3.3735

3.3346

3.2985

3.2650

3.2341

3.2056

3.1795

3.1557

3.1340

3.1144

3.0968

3.0611

3.0671

3.0547

3.0439

3.0344

3.0262

3.0190

3.0127

3.0069

3.0014

2.9956

Pearson-derivedpercentile

5th 25th 50th

t

75th 95th

Stature in centimeters

(1)

(1)

(1)

113.3

114.1

114.9

115.9

116.9

117.9

119.0

120.1

121.2

122.4

123.6

124.8

126.1

127.4

128.7

130.1

131.5

132.9

134.3

135.7

137.2

138.6

140.1

141.5

143.0

144.5

145.9

147.4

148.7

150,2

151.6

152.9

154.2

155.4

156.8

156.0

159.2

160.2

161.3

162.3

163.2

164.1

164.8

165.5

166.1

(11

(1)

(1)

117.3

116.7

119.9

121.1

122.3

123.5

124.8

126.0

127.3

128.6

130.0

131.3

132.7

134.2

135.6

137.4

138.5

140.0

141.5

143.1

144.5

146.0

147.5

149.0

150.6

152.0

153.5

155.0

156.3

157.8

159.2

160.6

161.8

163.1

164.3

165.5

166.6

167.6

168.7

169.6

170.4

171.3

171.9

172.4

173.0

(1)

(11

P)

120.8

121.9

123.1

124A

125.7

127.c

128.4

129.5

131.2

132.6

134.1

135.5

137.0

138.5

140.2

141.6

143.1

144.7

146.2

147.8

149.4

150.9

152.5

153.9

155.6

157.1

158.6

160.1

161.5

163.0

164.4

165.7

167.0

168.3

169.5

170.7

171.8

172.9

173.8

174.7

175.5

176.3

176.9

177.4

177.9

14 or f12~ beyond the range Of the Pearscmdistribution system making estimation of percentiles impossible.

P)

(1)

P)

124.2

125,2

126.4

127.8

129.2

130.8

132.’f

733.8

135,2

136,7

136.3

139.8

141.4

142.9

144.6

146.2

147.8

149.5

151.0

162.8

154.4

155.9

157.2

159.1

160.8

162,3

163,8

165.4

166,8

168.3

169,7

171.0

172.3

173.6

174.8

176.0

177.1

178.1

179.1

179.9

160.7

181.4

162.0

162.4

182.9

P)

P)

(1)

128.4

130.1

131.6

133.3

134.9

136.6

136.3

140,0

141.6

143.3

145.0

148.7

146.4

150.1

151.s

153.6

155.2

167.0

158.6

160.3

162.0

163.6

165.4

166,9

168.6

170.2

171.7

173,2

174.7

176.2

177.6

178.9

180.2

1ffl .4

182.6

183.8

184.8

185.6

186.7

187.5

188.2

188.9

169.4

169.8

190,2

NOTE ~= mean;s = standard deviaticm;4 and 172= Pearsonstatistics.

42
Surwey,sex, and age

~

@

6% yeaw .............................................

7 years ................................................

7?4wars .............................................

8 years ................................................

8% Yeats .............................................

9 years ........................................ .......

9fi years .............................................

10 years ..............................................

10K years ...........................................

11 years ..............................................

11% years ...........................................

Female

6!4 years .............................................

7 years ................................................

7% years .............................................

8 yews ................................................

i3Ayears .............................................

9 years ................................................

9% years .............................................

10 year3 ..............................................

10% yearn ...........................................

11 years ..............................................

11% years ...........................................

HES 11[

Male

1236years ...........................................

13 years ..............................................

13% years ...........................................

14 years ..............................................

14% years ...........................................

15 years ..............................................

15’%years ...........................................

16 years ..............................................

16!4 years ...........................................

17 years ..............................................

17% years ...........................................

—

n

294

304

327

295

307

312

308

300

297

281

303

278

316

287

312

324

294

281

307

283

271

?45

w

J37

128

?71

126

317

322

?93

?55

260

239

291

314

288

290

283

266

253

282

238

275

224

Table 18. Selected observed percentiles of stature (in centimeters), by sex and age, for HES II (1963-851, HES III (1966-70}, and

HANES I (1971-74): United States

Obsewed percentile

F s

5th 10th 26th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Iv

1,065

1,026

1,088

975

1,003

1,033

1,025

997

1,022

913

904

1,057

1,087

852

1,042

1,022

971

929

1,025

916

882

814

I,057

1,089

1,041

891

1,011

988

991

981

823

895

850

1,068

1,081

967

956

893

917

956

987

774

991

810

118.3

121.6

124.4

127.6

130.0

132.5

135.4

137.4

140.1

143.0

146.1

117.6

120.8

123.7

126.3

129.1

132.4

135.6

138.5

140.6

144.1

144.7

151.5

155.5

160.1

163.5

166.7

169.4

171.4

173.3

174.6

176.3

175.5

166.2

157.0

159.2

160.0

161.5

161.8

162.6

162.3

162.4

163.1

162.7

Female

12X years ...........................................

13 years ..............................................

13% years ...........................................

14 years ..............................................

14% years ...........................................

15 years ..............................................

15% years ...........................................

16 years ..............................................

16M years ...........................................

17 years ..............................................

17% years ...........................................

NOT2+ N = estimated number of persons in population in thousands; n = sample size; ~ = mean;s = standard deviation.

4.6

5.1

5.4

5.5

5.4

6.6

6.6

6.9

6.4

6.7

6.7

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

6.6

6.2

7.0

6.8

7.2

7.5

7.7

7.8

3.6

3.9

5.7

B.7

7.9

7.0

6.8

5.5

7.1

7.1

7.6

7.1

6.8

6.4

6.2

6.3

7.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.1

110.9

112.9

115.5

118.6

121.6

122.6

124.6

126.6

129.4

132.7

134.2

108.3

111.4

114.5

117.3

118.7

122.4

125.5

128.2

129.5

131.8

35.4

138.8

141.8

145.8

148.9

152.2

155.6

I59.0

[61.5

164.1

163.1

162.8

I41.0

145.1

147.1

148.6

151.1

151.8

161.5

161.2

[51.4

[51.4

[51 .9

.Wature in centimwters

112.4

114.9

117.8

120.4

123.2

124.9

126.7

128.8

131.6

134.7

136.6

110.5

113.4

116.4

118.9

121.3

124.7

127.3

130.8

131.8

134.7

139.0

141.4

145.3

149.1

151.9

I55.0

158.6

161.9

I64.2

1663

166.2

I66.6

[44.5

147.7

I50.5

I51.3

153.7

154.2

I53.0

163.4

153.7

154.6

134.5

115.2

118.1

120.9

124.2

126.6

128.3

131.9

132.9

136.2

136.8

141.7

114.1

117.2

120.3

122.3

125.1

127.9

130.6

134.8

135.3

139.8

143.3

146.3

I50.0

I53.5

I57.1

159.8

163.8

167.1

169.1

170.7

170.1

I70.5

150.7

152.3

I54.7

156.1

157,2

157,2

157.2

I57.9

I57.9

158.8

156.4

118.4

121.4

124.4

128.0

129.8

132.4

135.5

138.1

140.4

143.3

146.4

117.5

120.8

123.7

126.1

129.5

132.6

134.9

137.8

140.9

‘M4.4

147.3

152.1

155.6

169.3

163.4

167.9

169.7

171.6

173.8

174.6

175.8

I75.7

155.6

157.1

I59.5

160.5

161.3

161.7

162.5

162.6

162.8

163.7

163.3

121.5

125.3

127.7

131.3

133.6

136.7

139.5

141.9

144.1

147.3

150.8

121.3

124.7

127.5

130.3

133.6

136.7

140.4

142.3

145.2

149.1

152.5

156.4

161.1

165.9

169.9

I73.0

I75.0

175.6

177.8

178.7

I80.0

179.8

I60.6

161.6

163.9

164.5

165.2

[66.5

167.7

166.8

166.7

167.2

i67.2

124.0

128.5

131.5

135.1

136.7

141.1

143.0

145.1

148.5

151.4

154.6

125.0

127.5

130.9

133.1

137.2

140.3

145.5

147.6

149.7

153.4

167.7

161.2

I66.6

173.0

174.6

177.2

178.9

180.7

I80.8

182.7

183.8

185.1

I64.4

166.3

168.2

167.8

[69.9

[69.7

171.7

170.1

I70.9

171.5

170.7

125.6

130.2

133.7

137.0

138.8

143.5

145.4

147.3

150.5

153.6

157.1

127.0

129.4

133.0

135.2

139.3

142.7

‘247.4

149.7

152.3

155.5

160.1

163.6

170.3

175.3

177.7

179.8

181.7

183.3

183.4

165.0

186.7

188.0

167.1

168.5

170.2

169.8

171.6

171.8

173.6

171.9

173.0

174.2

172.4

43
Table 18. Selected observed wr~ntiles of stature (in

SuIVeV, sex, and age

HANES I

—Male

20C-2.25 years ...................................

2.25-2.75 years ...................................

2.753.25 years ...................................

3.25-3.75 years ...................................

3.75425 yeats ...................................

4.25-4.75 yews ...................................

4.75-5.25 yearn ...................................

5.25-5.75 years ...................................

5.75.6.26 bears ...................................

6.25-8.75 years ...................................

675-7.25 V-B ...................................

7.25-7.75 years ...................................

7.75-8.25 years ...................................

825-6.75 years ...................................

6.75-9.25 years ...................................

9.25-9.75 years ...................................

9.75-10.25 years .................................

10.25-10.75 years ...............................

10.75-11.26 years ...............................

11.25-11.75 yeacs...............................

11.75-12.25 years ...............................

12.25-12.75 years ...............................

12.7%13.25 years ...............................

13.25-13.75 years ...............................

13.75-24.26 years ...............................

14.25-14.75 years ...............................

14.75-15.25 years ...............................

15.25-15.75 years ...............................

15.75-16.25 years ...............................

16.25-16.75 years ...............................

16.75-17.25 years ...............................

17.25-17.75 years ...............................

17.75-18.25 years ...............................

18.25-19.00 years ...............................

19.00-20.00 years ...............................

20.00-21.00 years ...............................

21.00-22.00 years ...............................

22.00-23.00 years ...............................

23.00-24.00 years ...............................

24.00-26.00 years ...............................

t

N

419

945

785

857

856

937

874

876

857

1,001

957

1,153

1,053

801

853

892

1,064

1,117

1,192

1,001

1,082

1,128

1,221

1,071

1,018

1,027

1,235

837

1,121

931

1,212

1,020

755

1,067

1,770

1,668

1.703

1,662

1,589

1,595

NE:

n

77

157

147

146

152

162

135

146

126

SI

79

84

80

74

74

84

93

89

92

64

90

103

98

86

91

86

94

72

69

81

97

S7

63

98

135

104

112

107

94

96

!ntimeters). by sex and aoe. for HES II (1963-65}. HES III (1988-70). and

1971 -74): United States-Con.

Observed percentile

F s

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Stature in centimeters

88.3

91.4

96.0

98.1

102.7

105.7

108.9

113.0

116.1

117.8

122.6

124.5

128.1

129.3

131.6

134.3

138.8

139.8

143.4

I46.4

I49.9

152.6

I54.2

160.4

164.2

[67.6

167.6

I70.9

173.2

175.1

176.8

176.9

I77.0

176.5

176.3

176.5

177.1

I77.1

177.2

178.0

3.8

4.0

3.7

4.T

4.3

4.5

5.0

4.3

4.7

6.1

4.7

5.2

5.7

5.0

6.2

5.4

6.3

6.0

6.2

6.9

7.6

8.o

7.2

8.9

8.9

7.5

8.4

7.0

7.6

7.4

7.2

6.6

5.5

6.4

6.7

7.0

6.6

7.5

9.1

7.0

82.6

86.1

88.9

92.1

96.2

98.0

100.7

106.2

108.8

108.5

114.9

115.4

119.6

121.8

119.4

125.2

127.2

131.5

132.8

136.3

138.3

139.1

142.5

145.1

149.0

154.8

153.1

159.5

160.1

163.4

1E4.6

165.2

170.1

166.8

162.8

159.4

166.2

167.2

161.3

165.4

63.5

67.0

90.5

93.3

97.3

100.2

103.2

107.7

108.8

109.0

116.4

116.3

121.0

123.2

124.1

128.4

130.9

132.9

134.9

140.1

140.4

142.3

144.4

146.3

153.1

156.3

155.6

160.9

164.6

164.8

166.1

168.6

171.1

169.3

166.9

168.4

166.3

167.7

166.3

168.5

66.1

68.0

92.4

95.7

100.0

103.5

105.5

110.1

112.7

113.0

116.9

120.9

123.5

125.8

126.9

130.7

134.4

135.6

139.0

141.4

145.0

145.7

149.3

153.6

158.8

162.5

162.8

165.9

168.7

170.1

172.1

172.8

173.4

172.0

171.6

172.2

172.5

171.3

172.3

172.9

87.8

91.3

95.1

98.2

102.6

105.9

108.8

113.5

117.3

117.8

122.9

124.7

127.6

128.5

133.8

133.8

139.3

138.7

143.6

145.3

149.4

162.1

154,4

160.4

165.2

167.3

168.7

171.2

173.3

175.0

177.3

777.2

176.2

175.8

177.2

177.4

177.3

177.J

176.8

178.1

90.3

93.8

97.2

101.1

105.3

108.6

112.4

116.1

119.2

122.7

126.4

128.3

132.1

132.7

135.9

137.5

142.8

142.8

147.9

151.1

153.9

157.9

158.8

188.8

170.0

172.8

173.1

175.2

177,8

180.5

182.5

181.8

179.6

180.1

180,8

181.2

181.1

180.6

163,0

163.0

9’1.9

97.3

100.1

102.8

107.5

111.9

115.4

118.3

121.6

125.7

126.2

131,5

135.6

136.3

139.1

141.9

745.6

148.2

151.2

164.7

160.6

163.7

T63.I

?71.2

175.3

178<2

177.7

180.1

181,8

183.7

185,0

164.8

166.4

185.9

185.0

183.6

164.6

187.1

188.5

186,7

87.3

98.3

101.2

104.4

110.8

113.2

116,5

i 19.5

122.7

127.2

128.6

132.8

139,1

~38,6

140.2

144.4

190.8

151.5

~5&

166:2

167.1

165.6

176.1

177.5

?79,2

i81.6

164.0

166.6

180.1

188.3

187.2

187.2

186.8

188.2

185,8

190,0

182.0

189<2

169.5

NOTE: N = estimated number c.f pm-mm in population fn thowands.;n = sampk size; ~= mean:s = standard deviation.
Table 18. Selecmd observed percentiles of stature (in

HANES

Smvey, sex, and age

HANES l–Con.

-

200-2.25 years ...................................

225-2.75 years ...................................

275-3.25 years ...................................

3.25-3.75 years ...................................

3.75-4.25 years ...................................

4.254.75 years ................................ ...

4.75-5.25 years ...................................

5.26-5.75 years ...................................

5.75&25 years ...................................

6.25.6.75 years ...................................

6.75.7.25 years ...................................

7.25.7.75 years ...................................

7.75-8.25 years ...................................

8.25-8.75 years ...................................

6.75-9.25 years ...................................

9.25-9.75 years ...................................

9.75-10.25 years .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. . .

10.25-10.75 yIXIE ...............................

10.75-11.25 years ...............................

11.25-11.75 years . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . .

11.75-12.25 years ...............................

12.25-12.75 years ...............................

12.75-13.25 years ...............................

13.25-13.75 years ...............................

13.75-14.25 years ...............................

14.25-14.75 years ...............................

14.75-15.25 years ...............................

15.25-15.75 years ...............................

15.75-16.25 years ...............................

16.25-16.75 years ...............................

16.76-17.26 vears ...............................

17.25-17.75 years ...............................

17.75-18.25 years ...............................

18.25-19.00 years ...............................

19.0(X20.00 years ...............................

20.00-21.00 years ...............................

21.00-22.00 years ...............................

22.00-23.00 years ...............................

23.00-24.00 years ...............................

24.00-26.00 years ...............................

N

440

972

622

887

775

64a

876

890

970

993

803

951

96Q

913

1,004

641

1,158

1,256

859

909

1,180

970

1,034

1,273

1,204

1,009

1,106

1,002

931

697

1,226

811

767

1,420

1,364

1,771

1,818

1,734

1,800

1,796

n

—

83

147

110

149

135

145

146

154

141

61

82

69

82

79

83

77

100

95

80

76

102

64

85

109

98

88

96

86

76

82

102

75

72

106

137

236

257

249

253

248

entimeters}, by sex and age, for HES II [196365), HES III (1966-70), and

:1971-74): United States-Con.

I

Fs

87.2

90.2

95.0

97.4

100.8

103.7

107.9

112.2

115.4

118.5

120.6

124.4

127.4

128.3

133.2

135.6

138.5

140.3

144.0

146.3

151.9

154.6

157.1

159.4

159.1

151.3

161.5

164.0

163.8

161.7

161.4

162.0

163.9

164.8

163.4

163.6

162.7

162.3

163.0

162.8

4.6

4.0

3.1

3.7

4.0

4.5

4.9

5.3

5.4

5.2

5.0

5.6

5.0

5.5

6.5

5.7

6.7

7.3

7.9

7.8

8.0

6.3

6.8

5.4

5.6

6.4

7.2

6.3

6.0

6.6

6.8

6.5

5.6

5.9

6.0

7.0

6.5

7.3

5.8

6.0

Observedpercentile

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

81.3

84.2

90.2

91.8

94.9

96.8

99.1

103.8

107.4

110.5

111.8

116.7

118.3

120.0

121.8

126.7

128.3

128.5

132.2

134.2

139.4

144.4

143.0

150.6

150.5

149.6

150.8

155.1

154.1

150.4

152.3

149.8

151.5

154.9

155.0

152.3

152.0

150.4

154.2

152.3

Stature in centimeters

82.5

85.3

90.7

92.8

96.2

97.6

101.1

106.1

109.4

112.2

113.4

117.9

120.6

122.0

124.4

127.7

130.2

130.3

134.6

135.0

142.5

146.8

147.5

152.2

151.-i

152.6

152.8

156.4

155.2

152.3

154.3

154.2

157.2

157.8

155.9

155.1

154.6

153.0

156.0

155.4

84.6

87.1

92.7

85.1

87.8

100.5

105.2

108.4

111.6

114.6

118.0

119.7

123.8

123.9

129.0

132.2

133.6

134.8

139.2

139.4

146.6

150.3

153.0

155.5

155.3

157.3

156.4

159.3

158.6

157.3

157.4

157.6

160.6

161.2

159.9

159.0

158.5

156.9

158.6

158.3

86.8

90.3

95.3

87.4

100.5

103.8

108.1

111.8

115.2

117.8

120.8

123.6

128.3

128.2

133.2

135.0

139.2

140.4

143.7

147.0

162.0

154.5

157.6

159.8

159.5

161.7

160.0

163.6

164.9

161.4

160.5

161.6

164.5

165.3

163.0

163.2

162.5

162.8

163,1

162.3

88.9

93.4

96.7

99.8

103.8

106.2

111.6

115.5

118.6

121.8

124.3

128.6

131.0

132.8

138.4

139.5

143.0

144.7

148.2

152.6

157.1

158.6

161.4

163.9

163.0

165.5

166.1

167.1

168.6

168.4

166.1

166.5

168.2

167.2

166.8

168.8

167.0

167.2

166.6

167.4

93.6

64.8

99.1

102.1

106.0

109.4

113.7

118.7

122.6

125.6

127.0

132.7

133.5

135.2

141.3

142.6

146.2

150.1

154.1

165.9

163.0

163.5

164.9

165.5

166.3

169.2

173.8

172.7

171.0

172.3

171.5

168.8

170.3

172.4

170.6

172.4

170.8

171.3

170.5

170.4

94.6

96.4

100.6

103.6

108.2

112.0

114.7

121.3

125.4

128.2

?27.9

135.5

134.8

135.8

142.8

146.6

150.0

154.2

156.7

157.8

166.7

165.1

166.5

166.7

167.5

170.5

176.0

177.2

172.9

173.2

173.6

173.2

171.5

174.2

173.1

175.3

173.0

174.5

172.6

171.6

NOTE: N= estimated number of personsin population in thousands;n = sample size; y= mean; # = standard deviation.

45
Table 19. Selected observedpercentiles of weight (in kilograms), bv sex and aae, for HES II (196335). HES II i [1966-70). and HANEs I

Survey, sex, and age

~

—Male

6% years ........................................

7 years ...........................................

7% year5 ........................................

8 years ...........................................

8% years ........................................

9 years ...........................................

9% years ........................................

10 years .........................................

10%year5 ......................................

11 years .........................................

11!4 years ......................................

-

6Zyeam ........................................

7 yeas ...........................................

734yean ........................................

8 years ............................................

8X years .........................................

9 years ............................................

9% years ........................................

10 years ..........................................

10% years .......................................

11 years ..........................................

11% years .......................................

~

*

1214years .......................................

13 years ..........................................

13?4year5 .......................................

14 years ..........................................

1434yean .......................................

15 years ..........................................

15!4 years .......................................

16 years ..........................................

18% years .......................................

17 years ..........................................

17%yeaB .......................................

=

12!4 years .......................................

13 years ..........................................

13% years .......................................

14 years ..........................................

14% years .......................................

15 years ..........................................

15% yearn .......................................

16 years ..........................................

16Zyear5 .......................................

17 years ..........................................

17% years .......................................

N n

,06!

,02[

,08[

97!

,00:

,03:

,025

99i

,02:

91:

904

,057

,087

95:

,042

,022

971

92s

,02E

916

882

814

,057

,089

,041

891

,011

988

991

981

823

895

850

,068

,081

967

956

893

917

958

987

774

991

810

294

304

327

295

307

312

308

300

297

281

303

278

316

287

312

324

294

281

307

263

271

245

344

337

328

271

326

317

322

293

255

26o

239

291

314

288

29o

283

266

253

282

238

275

224

Percentile

z s

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 9C7th 95th

Weightin kilograms

21.76

23.30

24.67

26.36

27.87

28.99

31.20

32.29

33.63

36.12

38.15

21.45

22.77

24.44

25.39

27.41

29.40

31.52

33.55

34.94

37.63

39.81

$2.43

*5.45

50.38

53.61

56.85

59.31

N .50

53.60

54.19

58.48

58.65

!6.42

18.56

50.83

i2.23

X.39

54.83

56.86

$6.78

;7.88

i8.53

i7.85

3.02

3.58

4.06

4.51

4.71

5.35

6.74

6.58

6.32

7.02

7.74

3.61

3.95

4.31

4.42

5.22

5.77

7.02

7.51

8.05

8.69

9.07

9.18

9.71

11.57

12.36

12.86

11.24

10.90

12.32

10.17

I 1.68

i 1.45

9.89

10.27

10.62

9.77

11.31

9.49

12.04

9.77

I1.77

12.09

10.28

16.87

18.41

18.93

20.60

21.40

22.28

23.42

24.28

25.49

27.96

27.87

16.36

17.66

18.59

19.35

20.36

22.13

22.75

24.32

24.79

26.43

28.28

30.95

31.42

36.12

38.03

39.30

43.14

17.11

47.37

$9.83

50.15

KC.08

31.88

35.01

36.48

38.26

!0.58

!1.18

!1.12

!4.56

15.03

14.51

14.79

17.64

19.17

19.94

21.66

22.67

23.40

24.61

25.38

26.84

28.80

29.57

17.35

18.46

19.66

20.36

21.55

23.23

24.34

25.34

26.14

28.2o

30.13

32.64

34.45

37.29

$0.09

$1.52

$6.10

49.62

5U.33

52.15

52.63

56.37

35.23

37.39

18.53

tO.28

*2.88

!4.08

14.23

t6.67

86.70

16.57

16.88

20.02

20.68

22.19

23.46

24.74

25.33

26.95

28.09

29.44

31.10

32.90

18.98

18.91

21.41

22.22

23.68

25.4o

26.70

28.16

28.64

32.03

33.30

35.92

38.45

*1 .32

45.33

$9.18

50.57

54.70

56,37

57,12

59.13

30.78

39.23

$1.55

!3.86

!6.14

!7.07

%7.97

!8.97

50.63

50.41

50.15

51.04

21.44

22.6S

24.23

26.01

27.22

28.25

29.69

31.17

32.79

35.04

36.69

21.09

22.29

23.75

24.72

26.85

28.37

30.01

31.81

34.03

36.23

37.98

40.72

44.28

46.65

51.32

55.38

58.30

59.68

E2.02

62,42

34.75

56.96

45.61

46.95

48.64

51.04

52.40

53.91

54.94

E4.81

55.20

57.19

55.61

23.4C

25.03

26.6C

28.41

29.7C

31.60

33.36

35.13

36.61

39.14

41.80

23.35

24.88

26.67

27.87

29.64

31.90

34.97

37.48

39.14

41.39

45.00

47.24

50.61

57.20

59.53

62.77

66.52

66.64

68.86

E9.86

72.62

73.92

52.36

K3.53

56,58

57.60

59.83

59.81

51.00

50.46

52.66

%2.27

53.00

25.5C

27.52

29.4;

31.4C

34.3E

35.7.!

39.33

39.24

41.5e

44.13

47.75

26.65

27.91

29.89

31.42

33.88

36,96

41.66

44.51

45.92

47.98

51.68

55.84

56.72

66.44

59.22

71.32

74.00

76.19

77.59

78.22

BO.64

B4.77

59.33

52,31

53.02

53.91

57.95

56.46

72.66

39.01

70.68

74.06

59.78

27.42

29.47

31.61

33,75

3%.86

37.92

46.06

43.40

44.55

50.95

53.09

27,70

30,53

31.75

33.98

38.09

41.43

45,76

47,63

49.63

54.90

59.18

58.97

62.34

71,18

77.03

78.75

76.66

63.62

86.08

81.73

86.67

91.54

63.63

67.65

89.86

69.25

71.78

71.40

82.61

76.65

79.39

63,46

77.96

NOTE: N = estimated number of pewam in population in thousands; n = sample size; ~ = mean;s = standard deviation.

46
,. . . ,,---- ,. ----.-, ,,-- .. ,.---.--, ,,, ..,-- . Table 19. Selecmdobservedpercentileso fweight(i

Survey, sex, and age

HANES I

Male —

200-2.25 years ...............................

226-2.75 years ...............................

275-3.25 years ...............................

3.25-3,75 years ...............................

3.764.25 years ...............................

4.25.4.75 years ...............................

4.75-5.25 years ...............................

5.25-5.75 years ...............................

5.75-6.25 years ...............................

6.25.6.75 years ...............................

6.76-7.25 years ...............................

7.25-7.75 yea= ...............................

7.75-8.25 y&31S...............................

8.25-8.75 years ...............................

8.76-9.25 years ...............................

9.25-9.75 years ...............................

9.75-10.25 years .............................

10.25-10.75 years ...........................

10.76-11.25 years ...........................

11.25-11.75 years ...........................

11.75-12.25 years ...........................

12.25-12.75 years ...........................

12.75-13.25 years ...........................

13.25-13.75 years ...........................

13.75-14.25 years ...........................

14.25-14.75 years ...........................

14.75-15.25 years ... ...... .... ...........

15.25-15.75 years ...........................

15.75-16.25 yea,, ...........................

16.25-16.75 years ...........................

16.75-17.25 years ...........................

17.25-17.75 yaars ...........................

17.7546.25 years ...........................

18.25-19.00 years ...........................

19.00-20.00 years ...........................

20.00-21.00 years ...........................

21.00-22.00 years ...........................

22.00-23.00 years ...........................

23.00-24.00 years ...........................

24.00-25.00 years ...........................

—

N

419

945

785

857

856

937

674

878

867

,001

957

,153

,053

801

853

892

054

117

192

001

082

128

221

071

018

027

235

837

121

931

212

020

775

067

770

668

703

662

569

595

——

n

—

77

157

147

146

152

162

135

146

126

81

79

64

80

74

74

64

93

89

92

S4

90

103

98

66

91

S6

94

72

89

81

97

87

63

98

135

104

112

107

94

96

10grams},uysexanaage, TOrnta II \la06-mw,nca 111i1300-/ul, ana rwmta t

971-74): United States-Con.

Percentile

Y s

5th 10th 25th I5oth I75th I90th 95th

12.74

13.69

14.61

15.4s

16.85

17.67

16.55

20.26

21.31

21.92

24.00

24.51

26.37

26.36

28.S3

30.65

33.57

33.77

36.87

39.06

41.85

43.27

45.61

50.63

54.71

57.47

56.69

60.45

63.41

66.85

69.8S

68.58

72.27

72.92

72.42

73.80

73.58

73.94

76.38

79.07

NOTE: N= estimated number of persons in population M

1.6o

1.77

1.54

1.76

2.24

2.10

2.50

2.98

2.65

3.48

3.71

4.02

4.52

3.46

5.57

6.39

7.47

6.42

7.44

8.48

I1.40

8.59

0.90

9.48

12.28

I0.79

13.13

0.94

1.39

11.27

13.07

1.71

6.37

2.47

1.98

2.37

2.74

3.48

4.52

3.08

cwsar

9.97

11.31

12.28

12.70

13.83

14.42

14.99

17.01

16.64

17.08

!8.62

16.63

19.51

21.67

19.89

22.83

24.55

26.77

28.00

28.53

30.11

32.29

32.74

36.46

38.80

42.72

41.62

44.42

45.66

51.16

54.32

50.42

56.34

54.96

55.40

55.S6

52.65

55.02

59.16

60.S7

Weight in kilograms

11.10

11.89

12.84

13.34

14.70

15.09

15.52

17.31

17.75

17.72

19.45

20.13

21.00

22.57

22.60

24.08

25.94

28.21

28.78

30.59

31.02

33.22

34.72

39.32

43.22

44.84

43.63

49.17

51.00

52.99

56.38

54.50

59.03

60.35

57.38

57.71

5s.17

59.14

60.69

63.98 I

11.63

12.63

13.55

14.33

15.46

16.02

16.91

16.33

19.84

19.32

21.89

21.85

23.69

24,25

24.85

25.74

27.89

29.51

31.37

35.02

33.86

36.87

38.40

44.36

48.34

50.15

50.26

53.70

55.22

56.01

61.83

60.52

62.S9

53.62

65.91

65.04

65.29

66.09

65.54

67.96

12.67

13.53

14.43

15.39

16.54

17.71

18.47

19.88

21.21

21.66

23.70

24.51

25.42

25.51

27.53

29.58

32.64

32.40

36.36

37.94

39.03

42.92

43.24

49.48

51.78

55.56

54.80

58.37

61.62

66.19

67.92

56.19

68.93

69.86

70.56

71.90

72.12

71.77

74.71

79.37 I

14.05

14.57

15.34

16.48

17.85

19.17

20.22

21.39

22.66

23.75

26.17

26.35

28.93

28.70

31.93

33.86

38.47

36.18

40.14

42.08

46.15

47.87

49.43

56.66

61.62

63.13

80.63

67.27

69.99

74.68

74.29

76.57

76.75

76.67

76.43

78.44

80.96

79.66

S2.44

B5.69

14.85

15.69

16.39

17.77

18.87

20.45

21.02

23.21

24.51

27.07

30.35

29.17

31.51

31.66

38.53

37.86

41.67

39.85

45.15

47.46

55.62

53.40

58.49

62.28

67.47

73.14

68.95

74.43

75.89

83.19

82.90

83.14

90.02

92.66

87.01

88.86

89.05

90.57

94.05

97.61

15.47

16.80

17.s7

18.63

20.62

21.51

22.59

25.32

26.17

28.72

31.37

32.90

34.83

32.91

40.87

45.01

43.63

51.73

52.71

52.40

63.88

55.92

66.84

65.13

76.63

75.05

76.48

79.34

86.19

88.51

96.o8

92.85

95.40

99.61

96.48

94.84

96.14

96.93

105.35

103.19

47
Table 19. Selected obsemedpercentiles ofweight tin Klograms), by$exand age,for HESll(19~%5], HESllf(1966-70), and HANESl

Survey, sex, and age Iv

HANES l–Con.

Female

2.00-2.25 years ...............................

2.25-2.75 years ...............................

2.753.25 years ...............................

3.253.75 years ...............................

3.754.25 years ...............................

4.25-4.75 years . ... .......... .............

4.75-5.25 years ...............................

5.25-5.75 years ...............................

5.75+5.25 years ...............................

6.25-8.75 years ...............................

6.75-7.25 years ...............................

7.25-7.75 years ...............................

7.75-8.25 years ...............................

8.25-8.75 years ...............................

8.7S-9.25 years ...............................

9.25-9.75 years ...............................

9.75-10.25 years .............................

10.25-10.75 years ...........................

10.75-11.25 years ...........................

11.25-11.75 years ...........................

11.75-12.25 years ...........................

12.25-12.75 years ...........................

12.7!3-13.25 years ...........................

13.25.13.75 years ...........................

13.75-14.25 years ...........................

14.25-14.75 years ...........................

14.75-15.25 years ... .... ........... .....

15.25-15.75 yearn ...........................

15.75-16.25 years ...........................

16.25-16.75 years ...........................

16.75-17.25 years ...........................

17.25-17.75 years ...........................

17.75-18.25 years ...........................

18.25-19.00 years ...........................

19.00-20.00 y,,,, ...........................

20.00-21.00 years ...........................

21.00-22.00 yaar. ...........................

22.00-23.00 years ...........................

23.00-24.00 years ...........................

24.0W25.00 years ...........................

440

972

622

887

775

648

876

890

970

993

803

951

966

913

1,004

641

1,158

1,256

859

909

1,180

970

1,034

1,273

1,204

1,009

1,106

1,002

931

897

1,226

811

767

1,420

1,384

1,777

1,81S

I ,734

1,800

1,796

—

n

—

83

747

lla

148

135

145

146

154

141

S1

82

89

82

78

83

77

100

95

80

76

102

S4

86

109

96

86

96

S6

76

82

102

75

72

106

137

236

257

249

253

248

(1971-74): United States–Con.

Percentile

x s

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Weight in kilograms

12.19

12.93

14.48

14.87

15.88

16.64

18.07

19.57

20.99

21.73

22.24

24.14

28.32

26.64

30.84

31.15

32.62

34.20

37.56

39.04

44.89

46.02

48.88

52.S7

51.76

56.34

55.20

!%.94

56.73

57.61

57.95

58.44

59.82

58.31

60.08

58.70

60.0S

60.75

61.04

61.27

1.46

1.4E

1.78

1.75

1.84

2.18

2.39

3AI

4.04

3.23

2.81

3.74

4.88

4.59

7.02

5.11

6.41

6.53

7.97

8.65

11.01

S.62

10.77

11.37

11.91

12.1s

10.90

11.25

11.91

12.51

11.49

17.21

10.10

10.22

13.21

10.16

11.10

13.69

14.35

13.74

10.OE

10.77

12.14

12.2s

13.13

13.45

14.33

15.1s

16.44

17.le

17.70

18.72

20.53

20.36

22.25

23.94

24.35

25.87

27.00

26.63

30.45

32.63

33.25

38.58

37.43

41.11

41.13

46.04

43.23

42.99

43.52

42.77

48.33

44.83

48.65

44.40

45.0s

42.S6

45.59

46.65

10.6E

11 .2C

12.4[

13.02

13.63

14.OE

15.21

16.2C

16.99

17.8?

18.61

19.42

21.1s

21.23

23.13

25.32

25.18

27.26

28.42

28.88

33.73

34.61

36.35

40.12

39.57

43.58

43.07

46.98

44.ss

44.59

44.s7

43.96

49.95

45.89

46.83

47.23

48.54

46.19

47.77

48.13

11.41

11.98

13.12

13.56

14.51

15.04

16.48

77.47

18.14

19.05

20.36

21A4

22.71

22.89

25.15

27.12

27.89

29.79

32.16

32.28

36.76

39.62

41.36

46.30

44.90

47.56

46.54

49.46

48.75

47.65

50.74

50.11

54.10

51.02

51.62

51.70

52.15

51.35

52.16

52.06

12.21

12.7E

13.92

14.6[

15.6E

16.57

17.73

18.9:

20.34

21.03

22.06

23.73

24.S7

26.03

29.51

30.48

31.48

32.53

36.05

37.96

41.94

45.53

47.09

50.86

49.44

53.80

52.69

56.76

54.74

54.55

56.49

54.44

58.32

56.97

57.24

57.22

58.36

58.82

59.87

5S.6S

12.86

13.94

15.61

15.93

17.15

17.78

19.66

20.96

22.23

23.98

23.53

26.67

27.89

29.34

34.03

34.15

35.54

37.03

42.95

44.19

52.01

50.71

55.69

57.18

55.62

62.30

59.45

61.44

62.95

63.25

62.29

59.90

62.54

63.16

63.46

63.94

64.64

67.36 I

64.64

66.33 ~

13.84

14.74

16.84

17.54

18.22

19.35

21.23

23.44

25.05

26.73

25.4S

29.30

33.41

33.38

41.33

38.35

41.94

45.81

47.39

50.86

84.04

56.62

62.06

70.66

67.48

70A0

73.83

67.83

67.30

73.11

7’I .56

74.01

68.86

72.63

76.33

72,15

72.88

75.54

72.80

77.17

14.57

15.09

17,74

18.28

18.94

20.26

22.10

25.01

28.87

28.02

27.o1

31.28

38.23

35.19

43.55

42.09

45.22

47.98

53.6o

57.6o

70.17

61.76

66.s0

77.75

75.76

88.19

75.52

75.57

7s.44

88.25

84.48

90.69

78.21

78.7o

83.48

75,s9

81.77

85.35

84.62

86.04

NO~:N=estimated number Ofpersons tipopulation intbo"s~ds; n=smple size;~=mean; s=standard deviation,

46
APPENDIXES

CONTENTS

L GIowth Cbds .............---------------.........................................................................................................

ff. Technical Notes ...................................................................................................................................

Pooling of Data ..............................................................................................................................

Splining ..........................................................................................................................................

SmoothiigWith the Pearson Distribution System .........................................................................

APPENDIX TABLE

I. Memmdmafimm residtis fiomseven obsmedpercenties ofwti@t bystatie wing twodtemative knot selections for boys ages 2-1S years .....................................................................................

1.

If.

m.

Iv.

v.

VI.

VfI.

VIIf.

Ix.

x.

Xf.

ML

XlIf.

Xfv.

xv.

XVI.

XVIL

LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES

k@hbyagepercentiIesforg irlsaged birth-S6montbs ............................................................

kngtb by age percentiles for boys ased birtb-36 months ...........................................................

Weight byagepercendles forgirfs aged birth-36 montis .............................................................

Weight by age percentik for boys aged birth-36 months ............................................................

Head circumference by age percentiles for girlsaged birtb-36 months .........................................

Weigbtby lengtbpercentiles forgirls aged birtb-36 months ........................................................

Head circumference by agepercentiles for boys aged birtb-36 month ........................................

Weigbtby length percendles for boysaged birtb-36montbs .......................................................

Statureby age percentiks for sMs aged 2 to 18 years .................................................................

Statureby age percentiles for boys aged 2 to 18 years..................................................................

Weight by age percentiles for girls aged 2 to 18 years. ..................................................................

Weight by age percentiles for boys aged 2 to 1S years ..................................................................

Weigbtby statue perceniik sforpre+ubescen tgirls....................................................................

Wcightby statumpercentiksf orprepubescentboys ...................................................................

Observed percentiles of stature by age for males of HIM fl (6-11 years), HIM III (12-17 Years),

and HANES I (6-17 years): United States ................................................................................

Observed percentiks of stature by age for females of HES If (6-11 years), HES JIf (12-17

years), and ffANES I (6-17 years): United States .....................................................................

Observed percentiles of weight by age for makesof fIES 11(6-11 years),HES IfI (12-17 yearn),

and HANES I (6-17 YWWS):United States ................................................................................

51

64

64

69

71

71

52

53

45

55

56

56

57

57

5s

59

60

61

62

63

65

66

67

49
XVHI. Observedpmcentilesof weightby agefor femafesof f18S If (6-1I yearn),HSSDI(12-17 years),

XIX.

xx.

XXI.

andHANES I (6-17 yet+l’S.):UnitedStates ......... ....................... . ..................... ...................... 68

Observedpercendfesof weightby staturefor prepubesxxntmales2-11.5 years: Dataandstatistics from NationalCenterfor Heafth.%adstics................ ......................................................... 70

Smoothedpmcemilesof weightby staturefor prepubescentmales2-11.5 y-: Dataandstatistics from NationaICenterfor HeakhStatistics............................................"................"...."".. 70

Observedand smoothed percendfes(usingtbe Pearsondistributionsystem)of staturefor mafes

6-18 years,by age: UnitedStates ........Z~ ....... ........................................................................ 74

..’

,, .

50
. .. .

APPENDIX I

GROWTH CHARTS
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

Ln

0

m

0

0

0

0

0)

m

(0

U-J

w

0

U-J

L!

Figurel. kngthby agepercentiles forgirls agedWtih46mo”ths.

L

o 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36

AGE IN MONTHS

-1

“*

52

,
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

Ln

o

m

0

0

0

m

m

om

In

m

0

(D

Lo

10

0

10

u)

C9

Figure 11. Length by agepercentilesfor boys aged birth<6 months.

. ,:

95TH

90TH

/ ‘/

1

0 369121518 212427303336

AGE IN MONTHS

*

m

b

*’

cd

m

w

a

‘h

cd

(n

A

to

cd

h

-4

-J

$Al

03

53
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

Figure ill. Weight byagepercentiles forgirls agedbinh46 months.

m

h

(0

!0

*

m

/ /

’25 TH—

N

/

/ .loTH_

.

5TH

/

/

c1

Yo . /

g- /

+

1

mm

G

{ /

3

h K/ // /4 ‘“

al

FCo

U-J

*

r)

N

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36

AGE IN MONTHS

1

w

OY

i-n

a

p

m

m

m

W

b

54
m

c1

cd

m

=$

cl

cd

NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

Figure IV. Weight by,agepercentiles for boys aged Mflh36montis.

G1

-4

a

m

N“ s

~Gl

.1

0-0

&lo

r-n

-J

m

m

N

0

m

m

0

CD

&

o 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36

AGE IN MONTHS

55
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

●

cd

m

0

U7

N

ccl

Figure V. Head circumferencebyagepercentiles forgirls agedbfih36 months.

AGE IN MONTHS

o 36 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36

. .75 TFL

50 55 60 65 70 75 ao 135 go 95 100 105 110

LENGTH IN CM

Fi9UreV1. Weight bylengtb percentilesforgirls aged tinh36mo"ths.

Nl

N

FJ

o

m

m

m

m

w

56
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

N

u-l

o

U-J

cl

*

co

-4’

Figure V1l. Headcircumference byagepercentiles for boysaged brth-36 months.

AGE IN MONTHS

03691215 182124273033 36

95TH

90TH

I

1

.

#

I’d

0

03

N

o

m

m

.b

N

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

LENGTH IN CM

Figure Vlll. Weight by Iengthpercentiles for boys agedbimh46 months.

,57 .
I

NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

Figure IX. Smtumby agepercentilesforoirlsaaed2to 18wms. —.

z 1 I I I I I I I I

m

In

0

Ln

0

0

0

0

m

la

w

0

a

{

23456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

AGE IN YEARS

m

m

w

UJ

“0

m

u

L

UJ >+

c

R

m

IQ

w

07

1

I

I

i

.5s
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

:

m

o

m

o

0

0

m

m

0

m

Figure X. Stature byagepercentiles for boysaged 2to18years.

. 95TH

I I I I I I I

23456789 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

AGE IN YEARS

I I

I

I I I

I

I

-J

*

b

-4

0

b

0)

m

?0

$.

-J

iv

CJ

w

-$

cd

in

59
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

10

0

0

0

U-J

0)

0

Cn

0

02

!0

t.

0

r.

IO

u)

10

0

u-)

0

Figure Xl. Weight byagepercentiles forgirlsaged 2tolSyear.s.

w

w

o

h

0

m

&

. 95TH -

# ~ -1

m

/ Y

b

/ ‘

90TH *

/ “ m

+

/ ‘

cd

~ ,< ;s

pg

/

_ ~oTH co:

/ -

{

/

+

25TH :

z

y J {

0;

/ 1oTH NC

5TH_

z

/ ‘/ ‘ / /

u

0)

/1/1 I75TH

I /

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 v , 1 1 ,

g

w

(n

m

L

*

.s

L

& < _ _ _ _ _ _ _

m

p

o

0

I

I

I

i

,

I

1

1

i

234 5.6789 10 11 12’ 13 14 15 16 17 18

AGE IN YEARS

60
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

Figur& Xl 1. Weight by age percentiles for boyq aged 2 to 18 years.

0

>.

~

.0

w

0

N

in

10

, 95TH

UI

0

m

Ml

m

z

In

rE

m

U)

u)

(!s0

X(O

g

i-:

x

g

$$

m

:

0

* h

Ill

m

0)

z L

:

0

*

Ci

a

L

In

0

m

p

0

U-1

0

0

23456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16

i AGE IN YEARS

61
m

m

N

03

0

m

\

o

N

NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

Figure Xl Il. Weight bystature percentiles forprepube%entg iris.

STATURE IN INCHES

33.5 35.4 37.4 39.4 41.3 43.3 45.3 47.2 49,2 51.2 53.1 55,1 57.1

N

e

0

*

90 TH

/ ‘

75 TH

I

/

25TH

(5

Ym

~N I

$

Clal )

❑ ml

3

-+

N

/

N

N

m /

w

/

-1

N

w

10

b

co

CJ

to

6

m

L)

Ca

o

b

85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

STATURE IN CM

62
o

*

03

m

ccl

N

NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

Figure XIV. Weight bvstature percentiles forprepubescent boys.

STATURE IN INCHES

33.5 35.4 37.4 39.4 41.3 43.3 45.3 47.2 49.2 51.2 53.1 55.1 57.1 59.1 61.3

“85 90 95 Ioo 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 i50 155

STATURE IN CM .

63
APPENDIX II

TECHNICAL NOTES

Pooling of Data

As noted earlier, the NCHS data sets in the

age range 2-24 years were pooled, and the

observed percentiles were weighted to represent

the U.S. population. Originally, there were three

separate data sets; all have been described in

earlier NCHSpublications.$8 The data collected

in Cycle II of the Health Examination Survey

(HES) represent the U.S. population, aged 6-11

years. The data collected in HES Cycle Ill represent the U.S. population, aged 12-17 years.

Finally, that data collected in Cycle I of the

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(HANES) represent the U.S. population, aged

birth-74 years. Thus, the population segment

aged 6-17 years is essentially doubly represented.

A number of considerations prompted the

merging of the three data sets and the subsequent reweighing of combined statistical estimates. By far the most important was the desire

to stabfize the extreme percentiles; these statistics are vulnerable to the effects of outliers if

unusually large statistical weights are associated

with the outliers. Thk phenomenon was

observed particularly in the HANES I data; for

example, one subject represented over 5 percent

of the U.S. population of 20 Yi-year-old females.

The simple addition of more cases (with associated sample weights) normally will mitigate

the effects of such unusual situations.

A second very important consideration was

that of timeliness. The fjrst two data sets were

collected from 1963 to 1970. Although they

NOTE: A list of references foflows the text.

are some of the best population data ever collected in thk fieId, it was felt that the addition

of the third data set would guarantee that any

mends present could be detected and reported,

Conversely, if no trends were detected, this

could be reported as well.

This examination for trends actually preceded the generation of the spline curves. Most

of the work is summed up in tables 18 and 19

and figures XV-XVIII and represent raw data.

The small stature differences detected suggest

that no secular trend toward greater stature is

present except in the 5th and possibly 10th percentiles. The body weights show a very slight upward shift of the entire distribution, but for

only one line was the shift statistically significant. Since the similarities far outweighed the

differences, the merged data sets would provide

percentiles much like those of the original data

sets.

On the other hand, it could be argued that

the inclusion of the two eadier data sets, if they

were quite similar to the later data set, was redundant, and the estimates need be based ordy

on the most up-to-date data. However, the data

sets are of unequal quality, due to differences in

the designs and response rates of the three surveys. Cycle II had the best response rate, about,

95 percent, and Cycle III had the second best,

about 90 percent. Unfortunately, the HANES I

response rate dropped to barely 74 percent. In

addition, as a result of the survey design, the

HANES I sampling weights are far more variable

than those of either HES If or HES III; the

highest sampliig weight is sometimes more than

40 times the lowest. This is particularly unfortunate for the estimation of percentiles, where, as

a4
195 —

190

185 —

lBO —

175 —

170 -

165 —

160 —

155 —

2

~

% 150 —

&

“

~

# 145 –

~

k“

140 —

135 —

I 30 —

126 —

120 —

115 —

110 —

105 —

/

L’1 I I I I I I I I I I I I

0 “6789 1011121314 15161718

AGE IN YEARS

Figure’ XV. Observed percentiles of stature by age for males of HES II [6-11 years), HES III (12-17 years), and HANES I

(6-1 7 years): United States.

65
1S5

F

.

19D

185

1.

. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . HES 11

180 : _____ ~ESlll

175

170

165

103

155

:

;

~ %50

:

“

~

145

&

.

z

6 ,40

135

130

125

120

115

110

,._ H*Nn,

,/

-..

)

105

0G, 1 I I I I I I I i I I I I

678 9 10 11 12 13 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 IR

AGE IN YEARS

Figure XVI. Obwrved percentiles of stature by age for females of HES II 16-f 1 fears), f4ES III (12-f 7 years), and HANES I

..- [6-1 7 yea!s): United States.

,,, .

66
100

90

80

70

80

40

30

20

10

0

.. .. .HESII

—--— HES Ill

— HANES 1

P,) 95[h

/’

/

i’

..

v I I I I I I I I I I I I 1

678910 1112131415 161718

AGE IN YEARS

Figure XVI 1. Observed percentiles of weight by age for males of H ES II (6.11 years), HES III (12-17 years], and HANES I

(6-1 7 years): United States.

67
la

x

8(

6(

40

30

20

10

0

---- HES 11

---- HES [l,

— HANE5 1

AGE IN YEARS

Figure XVI 11. Observed .per~ntiles of weight by age for fe~~les of HES II (6-II years), HES III (12-17 years), and HAffES I

(6-17 years]: United States.
noted, single very heavily weighted cases could

distort the more extreme percentiles.

In summation, there was very little to argue

against the merger of the three data sets, and a

great deaf to argue in favor of it. The three data

sets, with their original sample weights, were

literally concatenated into au overall data set of

20,749 subjects. The percentiles were computed

with the original sample weights intact, but

when reported, the sums of the statistics

weights were reduced by half to return to an

approximation of the U.S. population.

Splining

As described in the body of this report,

splining is a mechanism used to fit curves to a

body of data in such a way that no discontinnities (i.e., disjunctions or sharp angles at junctions) exist in the final curves. Splining is

particularly useful in smoothing data that could

not be fitted well with a single equation of relatively low degree, say, no more than cubic. In

other circumstances an optimum fit may be

achieved by the sp~me technique where the

researcher is either unsure of the exact biologic

phenomena underlying the relationship of the

dependent and independent variables, or is not

interested in mathematically describing that

relationship in a way that makes biologic

“sense.” Another benefit, and it is one very significant for our purposes, is that the spl.ining

mechanism can fit curves to data that reflect

almost any relationship (e.g., exponential, Jshaped, etc.), and that the researcher can achieve

a certain degree of “commonality” between various percentiles of a given data set by specifying

common parameters. Finally, the capacity to set

these parameters as they seem most effective

somewhat frees the researcher from slavish

obedience to results generated by a nondiscriminating computer.

In order to illustrate the technique, the procedure which generated a single graph, that of

weight by stature for males aged 2-11.5 years,

will be described. The same procedure was used

in all the other cases, each differing only in particulars.

The first step was to generate percentiles of

weight by stature (2-centimeter intervals of

stiature for this example), and these values can

be found in table 8. These statistics were

weighted to represent the U.S. population whenever NCHS data were used, a decision dkcussecl

in the previous section. The seven observed

percentile lines were then plotted (figure XIX):

and the graph was inspected to estimate the

location and number of points called “knots.”

These knots are deflmed as the beginnings

and ends of sections into which the original

curve is broken. N-degree equations are then

individually fit to these sections by the least

squares method, with the additional constraints

that, for all contiguous sections, the functions

and their n- 1 derivatives must agree at the knot.

It is in the selection of these knots that the researcher’s experience and prior knowledge of

the phenomenon under consideration is the

most helpful, but even then, some general rules

are applicable. Given the large number of curves

to be fit, and knowing growth to be a fairly

“smooth” function, the authors always strove to

use as few knots as possible, consonant with a

good fit. Beyond this, knots were chosen where

the curve showed the most change (i.e., where ,

the second and third derivatives changed sign),

and at endpoints. In the last case, since the

fitted curves were least stable near the ends,

data points beyond that eventually published

were generated and fit whenever possible and

the curves truncated to the last point of interest.

The program used for this fitting contained

an optional routine for automatically varying

the knot locations from those originally specified to optimize the fit. Unfortunately, the

results obtained were somewhat erratic and not

biologically meaningful. The reduction in mean

residuals achieved was far too slight to justify

the use of this somewhat mindless method.

Returning to the example, knots were

chosen as in column 1 of table I. The fitted

curves were generated and plotted; the observed

data points were then overIaid on this plot (figure XX). Quantitative assessments were made of

the mean and maximum residurds (a residual is

the difference between an observed and a predicted value), and a qualitative assessment was

yade of the plot. The major consideration of

the latter evaluation was the absence of any sustained but local over- or underestimations. In

69
54

48

46

44

42

40

38

36

34

‘+ 32

:

:

: 30

c

$

$ 28

26

24

22

2.3 —

18 —

16

14 —

12

,

,95th

L/ I I I 1 I I I I I I I I i

D 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 lEfJ

STATURE IN CENTIMETERS

Figure XIX. Obsewed percentiles of weight by stature for prepubescent males 2-11.5 vears: Data and statistics from N~~Onal center for

Health Statistics,

70
Table 1. Mean and rn-aximum residuals.. from- seven obs6wed

percentiles of weight by ststure using two alternative knot

selections for bow ages 2 to 18 years

Percentile “

MaxI- MaxiMean mum Mean mum

I 1 1

Residual in kilograms

0.27

L

0.92

0.24 0.85

0.21 0.73

0.21 0.68

0.30 1.45

0.52 2.11

0.91 5.16

0.27 0.95

0.24 0.94

0.21 0.68

0.22 0.90

0.29 1.51

0.55 2.36

0.82 5.22

lLocidion of three knot selections in centimeters.

thk instance there were none, but the anticipated relationship between mean residuals and

percentiles was observed here and for all the

graphs. That is, the mean residuals were always

smallest for intermediate percentiles (25th and

50th), larger for the lower percentiles (5th and

10th), and largest for the higher percentiles. This

result is no more than a reflection of the variability of the respective observed percentdes.

In an attempt to improve the fit, the fitting

and evaluation procedure was duplicated with

be knots as indicated in column 2. The most

striking result was seen in the similarity of the

residual values, with only one of the seven pairs

of mean residuals differing by more than 0.01

kilograms. In general, however, the second’

kttempt was less successful than the first, and

subsequent attempts were no more successful.

This procedure was repeated for each of the”

14 charts. On a few occasions arbitrary decisions. .

were made concerning at what point to terminate a chart (e.g., the endpoint of the weight-byrecumbent-length charts), and in these cases the

decision was based on information concerning

phe relative strength of the data and on relevant

physiological information (see text). Other than

that, the published curves are literally copies of

those generated by the computer.

Smoothing With the Pearson - .”

Distribution System

‘ - Fitting equatioris ~,~o

own’ ri&t.45 For even

,,

data is a study in its ~ ‘

the simplest problem,’ ‘

that:of the two-dimemiond case, care must be.

exercised in fulfiig assumptions and avoiding

grievous oversights. For the data rkported herel

several considerations compounded this diffiCuky.

The most important of these was a desire to

achieve some “commonality” or “parallelism”

between the seven curves that appear on each

chat. Certainly a relationship exists between

any two percentile lines, and since the same

phenomenon is being described over the entire

range of the independent variable, this relationship might well be constant or vary in a constant’

fashion. It was imperative that any fitting system used either automatically incorporate this

consideration or allow the researcher to incor:

porate it manually.

A second vitally important consideration

was that of flexibility of the fitting system. Experience indicated that, for the variables to bereported, several different relationships

obtained. The fitting system had to be equally

effective against all alternatives. It may have

been possible to find a class of equations (e.g.,

polynomials in age), that fit a particular relationship better that splines. However, a system

involving several or many types of equations has,

at least three disadvantages: (1) Far more human

intervention would have been necessary, thereby

reducing objectivity. (2) A far greater expenditure of human and computer resources would

have been necessary to ensure that the best fit

was achieved for each chart. (3) The characteristics of the results would have been variable, depending on the type of equation used. For the

purposes of this paper then, a fitting system

involving a single type of equation was far

preferable to one that used multiple types.

Finally, but Ie$s importantly, there were

advantages to. using a system that “resulted in

equations that were of a type familiar to most

users. It is expected that the results reported

here will be usefnI to persons of very different

mathematical backgrounds, so simplicity is

essential. It is also hoped that this simplicity will

give independent researchers the maximum freedom in evaluating these results and their applica--

bility to other populations or subpopulationsi

These considerations did not singularly

dicthte the use bf the spline method. In fact, ah

71
,., !, ,,

10)4’ I I

O ’85 90 95

I I I I I I I I I I I

100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

STATURE IN CENTIMETERS

Figure XX. Smoothed percentiles of weight by ststure for prepubescent males 2-11.5 years: Data and statistics from National Center foi

Health Statistics.

72
entirely different approach was investigated

before the spline method was accepted. This

method combined multiple regression with the

Pearson distribution system to predict the

desired percentiles.

The’ Pearson distribution system, first published in the 1890’s, is a system of z vafues

‘adjusted to reflect the degree of skewness and

kurtosis of any given distribution. Thus, for any

distribution for which the first four moments

can be calculated or estimated, it is possible to

estimate percentiles.

The relationship used to evaluate this

method was that of stature for age. Polynomials

in age were calculated by multiple stepwise

regression, and from t,these equations statures

(here noted as s,, i representing the age interval)

were estimated separately for boys and girls. The

equation may be compactly written as:

where the subscript 1 indicates that this is the

equation for the mean, or first moment.

Residuals (s-ti, here noted A;) for each

individual were then calculated, as were A? ‘s,

A? ‘s, and A! ‘s. Polynomials in age were then

fitted to these data, again using multiple stepwise regression, and the resulting equations are

written as:

k2

ii:. = ~ b2j Aj

j= o

k.

j=o .

These equations express the second, third, and

fourth moments as functions of age.

These estimates were, in turn, entered in the

following equations to calculate fi and 62, the

table entries for the Pearson system:

Since the values for fi and & do not correspond to the table’ enties exactly, a two-way

linem interpolation was used to find the exact

z w+ses. These z values were in turn applied to

the A; to estimate the percentiles. An example

with intermediate results can be found in table

17.

As is shown in figure XXI, the results were

less than ideal. In particular, there is evidence of

the sustained Iocaf over- and underestimation

that were mentioned earlier. It seems that this

method is too “stiff”; it is not sufficiently sensitive to changes in the derivatives. Another disadvantage is that this method is highly sensitive

to outliers, and the authors were loathe to adjust

any raw data. Finally, the method was rejected

as not suitable for this project.

73
— Observed

— --- Smoothed

/’

)

100

L, 1

I I I I I I 1 I I I I 1

0 678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

AGE IN YEARS

Figure XX 1. Observed and smoothed percentiles (using the Pearson ckribution system} of stature for males 6-18 vears. by age: United

states.

“

.+ U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1977—Z60.93237

74
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS PUBLICATIONS SERIES

Formerly hblic Heulth Service publication No. i 000

Sm”es 1.

Sen”es 2.

series 3.

Sts+es 4.

programs and Collection Procedures. -Reports whkh descriie the general programs of the National

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other matesial necessary for understanding the data.

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