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S. Hrg. 111–1050 

NOMINATION OF MARIA ELIZABETH RAFFINAN 

HEARING 

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON 

HOMELAND SECURITY AND 

GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

NOMINATION OF MARIA ELIZABETH RAFFINAN TO BE AN ASSOCIATE 

JUDGE, SUPERIOR COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 

SEPTEMBER 21, 2010 

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov/ 

Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security 

and Governmental Affairs 

( 

(II) 

COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS 

JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut, Chairman 

CARL LEVIN, Michigan 

DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii 

THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware 

MARK L. PRYOR, Arkansas 

MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana 

CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri 

JON TESTER, Montana 

ROLAND W. BURRIS, Illinois 

EDWARD E. KAUFMAN, Delaware 

SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine 

TOM COBURN, Oklahoma 

SCOTT P. BROWN, Massachusetts 

JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona 

GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio 

JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada 

LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina 

MICHAEL L. ALEXANDER, Staff Director 

KRISTINE V. LAM, Professional Staff Member 

LISA M. POWELL, Staff Director, Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the 

Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia 

BRANDON L. MILHORN, Minority Staff Director and Chief Counsel 

JENNIFER L. TARR, Minority Counsel 

JENNIFER A. HEMINGWAY, Minority Staff Director, Subcommittee on Oversight of Government 

Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia 

TRINA DRIESSNACK TYRER, Chief Clerk 

PATRICIA R. HOGAN, Publications Clerk and GPO Detailee 

LAURA W. KILBRIDE, Hearing Clerk 

(III) 

C O N T E N T S 

Opening statements: Page 

Senator Akaka .................................................................................................. 1 

Senator Voinovich ............................................................................................. 2 

Prepared statements: 

Senator Akaka .................................................................................................. 7 

WITNESSES 

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 2010 

Hon. Eleanor Holmes Norton, a Delegate in Congress from the District of 

Columbia ............................................................................................................... 1 

Maria Elizabeth Raffinan to be an Associate Judge, Superior Court of the 

District of Columbia ............................................................................................. 3 

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES

Norton, Hon. Eleanor Holmes ................................................................................. 1 

Raffinan, Maria Elizabeth: 

Testimony .......................................................................................................... 3 

Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 8 

Biographical and financial information .......................................................... 9 

Responses to post-hearing questions from Senator Coburn .......................... 25 

Letter of support from Paul Strauss, U.S. Shadow Senator from the 

District of Columbia ...................................................................................... 26 

(1) 

NOMINATION OF MARIA ELIZABETH 

RAFFINAN 

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 2010 

U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND

GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, Washington, DC. 

The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:53 p.m., in room 

SD–342, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Daniel K. Akaka 

presiding. 

Present: Senators Akaka and Voinovich. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR AKAKA 

Senator AKAKA. This hearing will now come to order. Aloha and 

welcome here today as this Committee considers the nomination of 

Maribeth Raffinan to be an Associate Judge of the District of Columbia Superior Court. 

I am pleased that Ms. Raffinan is yet another well qualified individual nominated by the President from a group of candidates recommended to him by the non-partisan Judicial Nomination Commission. I am confident that if confirmed, she will join the others 

who have appeared before this Committee in making valuable contributions to the District of Columbia. 

I would now like to welcome Congresswoman Norton to the Committee and yield for her introduction. Congresswoman Norton, will 

you please proceed. 

TESTIMONY OF HON. ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, A 

DELEGATE IN CONGRESS FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 

Ms. NORTON. Thank you very much, Chairman Akaka, and may 

I take this opportunity to thank you for your work on behalf of the 

District of Columbia, and as my good friend Senator Voinovich prepares to retire, may I thank him once again for his wonderful work 

for our city. 

Maria Raffinan is particularly well qualified, Mr. Chairman, to 

serve on a trial court. In this case an Article I Court, the D.C. Superior Court, because she has spent her entire career litigating serious felony cases before the very court for which she seeks confirmation. Indeed, she has done so well, Mr. Chairman, that she 

has become a Supervising Attorney of the Trial Division at the 

Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia. 

She has the endorsement not only of the President, but of the 

District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission, which is 

chaired by a Federal Judge who is here today, and among whose 

2 

members are two members of our bar and a representative of the 

President of the United States. 

Ms. Raffinan has trained lawyers and law students alike. She cochaired a training institute for criminal practitioners in the District 

of Columbia. She is an Adjunct Professor at Catholic University 

Law School. She received her undergraduate degree from Boston 

College. Her law degree from Catholic University Law School. 

I strongly recommend Ms. Raffinan to you to be an Associate 

Judge on the D.C. Superior Court. 

Thank you Mr. Chairman. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Congresswoman Norton. 

We appreciate your being here today to introduce our nominee to 

be an Associate Judge, Ms. Raffinan. 

Ms. Raffinan has devoted her entire legal career to public service, and let me add, she currently is an attorney with the D.C. Public Defender Service, where she has worked for 11 years providing 

legal services to those who could not otherwise afford such representation. I believe she has much to offer the D.C. Superior 

Court bench, and I hope we can act quickly to confirm her. 

Senator Voinovich. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR VOINOVICH 

Senator VOINOVICH. Thank you Mr. Chairman. I would like to 

thank you for holding this hearing today on the nomination of Ms. 

Raffinan to be an Associate Judge of the District of Columbia Superior Court, and Congresswoman Norton, thank you for being here. 

You have been very conscientious about coming over and introducing people that the President has recommended for these positions. 

I would like to thank you, Ms. Raffinan, for being here today and 

for your years of service to our judicial system as a public defender. 

I am proud that someone who was born in Ohio is such a dedicated 

public serviceperson, and thank you for devoting yourself to our 

legal system, which I think is the finest in the world. 

In addition, I want to thank your family for being here, and I 

want to assure your daughter that this is going to be quick; do not 

worry about it. [Laughter.] 

And you are qualified, and we are going to try to get you confirmed as fast as possible. 

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Senator Voinovich, for 

your very brief statement. I, too, want to welcome the family, and 

we are certainly happy to have you join us here at this hearing. 

The nominee has filed responses to a biographical and financial 

questionnaire submitted by the Committee. Without objection, this 

information will be made part of the hearing record with the exception of the financial data, which will be kept on file and made 

available for public inspection in the Committee’s office. 

Our Committee rules require that all witnesses at nomination 

hearings give their testimony under oath. Therefore, at this time, 

I ask you to please stand and raise your right hand. 

Do you swear that the testimony that you are about to give this 

Committee is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, 

so help you, God? 

3 

1The prepared statement of Ms. Raffinan appears in the Appendix on page 8. 

Ms. RAFFINAN. I do. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you. Please note for the record that the 

witness answered in the affirmative. 

Ms. Raffinan, I understand you have been working hard to 

achieve this position, and we will have some questions for you. I 

want to tell you that I am proud of you and your accomplishments. 

So at this point in time, would you please proceed with your statement. 

TESTIMONY OF MARIA ELIZABETH RAFFINAN 1 TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUDGE, SUPERIOR COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF 

COLUMBIA 

Ms. RAFFINAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, I am grateful for 

and honored by the opportunity to appear before you today as a 

nominee to be an Associate Judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. 

I would like to thank the Committee for considering my nomination so expeditiously and for the courtesy that you and your staff 

have shown me throughout this process. I would also like to thank 

the District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission for recommending me to the White House and President Barack Obama 

for nominating me. 

It is my privilege to introduce the members of my family who are 

with me today: My husband, Efrem Levy; my daughter, Leah Levy, 

who has been promised that she will get an opportunity to make 

an opening statement if she is quiet throughout the hearing; and 

my son, Jonah Levy, who is 14 months old, but his nap schedule 

conflicted with the scheduling of this hearing so he could not be 

with us. 

Also my father and mother are here, Jose and Maria Raffinan. 

They have traveled here from Florida to be with me today, and my 

father-in-law and my mother-in-law, Arthur and Betty Levy, also 

flew in from Connecticut to support me. 

I thank my family not only for being here today but for the many 

years of support, encouragement, and guidance that they have provided me. Additionally, I have a number of friends, colleagues, and 

mentors here today, and others who are watching on their computers, to whom I am forever grateful to for the time, advice, and 

inspiration that they have given me throughout my life. 

I would also like to thank Chief Judge Lee Satterfield, who came 

to the hearing today, and also Judge Emmet Sullivan, who is the 

head of the Judicial Nomination Commission. 

I have been a proud resident of the District of Columbia for 18 

years, since I arrived in 1992 to begin my law study at the Columbus School of Law at Catholic University. 

I was fortunate to have the opportunity to learn about the law 

and about legal practice in a city and in a community where there 

is such an abundance of opportunity to use legal training and skills 

to help people. 

During law school, I worked with victims of domestic violence 

and pro se litigants in family court, and as a third year law stuVerDate Nov 24 2008 08:26 Aug 31, 2011 Jkt 063831 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 P:\DOCS\63831.TXT SAFFAIRS PsN: PAT
4 

dent, I represented indigent clients charged with misdemeanor offenses in the D.C. Superior Court. 

After law school, for approximately 3 years, I worked with the 

Federal Public Defender’s Office for the District of Columbia where 

I learned invaluable lessons about public service from both the appellate lawyers and the trial lawyers in that office. 

It is in my proud association with the Public Defender Service of 

the District of Columbia for the last 11 years that I grew up as a 

lawyer representing clients before the Superior Court. The Public 

Defender Service has taught me much about hard work, commitment to public service, and respect for every human being. I started at the Public Defender Service (PDS) as a Staff Attorney in 1999 

and have served as a Supervising Attorney since 2006. 

If confirmed, I hope to carry with me to the bench the values I 

have learned from my work at PDS about what it means to be just 

and fair and to treat every human being with dignity and respect. 

I am humbled to be considered for a judgeship of the Superior 

Court. I know that when my parents moved here and left their 

families in the Philippines in 1967 to relocate to Hillsboro, Ohio, 

a town with a population of about 6,000, they never imagined that 

they would be sitting here with me as a nominee before this Committee, in this Senate building, and in this city. I feel very privileged and honored to be here. 

Thank you for your time and your consideration of my nomination, and I would be pleased to answer any questions that the Committee may have for me. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Ms. Raffinan. I will begin 

with the standard questions this Committee asks of all nominees. 

I would like you to answer each of these questions. 

Is there anything that you are aware of in your background that 

might present a conflict of interest with the duties of the office to 

which you have been nominated? 

Ms. RAFFINAN. No, Mr. Chairman. 

Senator AKAKA. Do you know of anything, personal or otherwise, 

that would in any way prevent you from fully and honorably discharging the responsibilities of the office to which you have been 

nominated? 

Ms. RAFFINAN. No, Mr. Chairman. 

Senator AKAKA. Do you agree without reservation to respond to 

any reasonable summons to appear and testify before any duly constituted committee of Congress if you are confirmed? 

Ms. RAFFINAN. Yes, I do. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much. Ms. Raffinan, you have 

spent your entire legal career so far with the D.C. Public Defender 

Service. Why did you seek appointment to become an Associate 

Judge and what contributions do you hope to make if you are confirmed? 

Ms. RAFFINAN. Well, at the Public Defender Service, I found that 

it was a very important calling in terms of public service, and I had 

an opportunity there to serve much of the community of the District of Columbia, but I felt that based on the skills and the legal 

knowledge that I obtained at the Public Defender Service and my 

commitment to hard work and to public service, to serve as a judge 

in the D.C. Superior Court would be one of the highest callings in 

5 

this community to serve as a public servant. I think the contributions that I would make would be to continue this service and commitment to the good work. 

Senator AKAKA. While your legal experience has focused on 

criminal practice, the D.C. Superior Court handles many different 

types of cases, and a judge may not know which docket he or she 

will be assigned to. How will you prepare yourself to handle the 

wide range of legal issues that you will confront? 

Ms. RAFFINAN. Thank you for the question, Mr. Chairman. I 

think that I would handle the different types of topics the way that 

I have handled many different issues that have come up in my 

practice, and that is, every day in my practice a new or novel issue 

may come up, and when I am confronted or challenged with that 

issue, I research the law, consider the facts, do the work, consult 

my colleagues, and attempt to make a wise and good decision about 

what needed to be done. 

I think that I would do the same if I was approaching an area 

of law or assigned to a division in which I did not actually practice 

in that area of law, and that is, I would do the research in that 

area, listen to the litigants before me, apply the law to the facts, 

and make certain that I spoke with my colleagues and consulted 

them on the issues and hope that I would make a fair and just decision. 

Senator AKAKA. As you know from your years of trying criminal 

cases, courtrooms can often be emotionally charged places. Will you 

please explain how your experience has prepared you to maintain 

a productive courtroom environment? 

Ms. RAFFINAN. Well, I think that in the criminal defense world, 

we are also faced with many chaotic issues that may arise, and I 

think one very important attribute is to maintain a good temperament, and I think in order to control a courtroom and to control 

the surroundings, it is important first that a judge be patient and 

be sympathetic with regard to the litigants who are before him or 

her. I think one’s demeanor is important. 

In addition to that, I think that it is important that as I have 

seen with other judges I have been before, judges have schedules 

that they work with so that the litigants before them and the attorneys before them know what to expect. One will schedule things 

appropriately and try to proceed efficiently and justly. 

Senator AKAKA. Well, thank you very much for your responses. 

Now, I will ask my good friend and Ranking Member, Senator 

Voinovich, to ask his questions. 

Ms. RAFFINAN. Thank you Mr. Chairman. 

Senator VOINOVICH. Senator Akaka has asked all the questions 

that I would have asked you. 

I think the one I am interested in getting your response to is 

this: You have been defending people a long time, and I am sure 

that during those experiences you, I suspect, had a feeling for their 

plight, many of them, without money, and you are in there doing 

the job. 

How are you going to untangle that experience that you had and 

to sit and kind of weigh both sides? I am not asking you to forget 

about that experience, but you know, you have a propensity, I 

would think, for the underdog, and now you are going to have to 

6 

deal with the prosecutors and the defendants. Have you thought 

about that challenge that you are going to have in terms of your 

experience that you had in the past? 

Ms. RAFFINAN. Yes, I have, Senator Voinovich. And I think the 

most important thing is that I understand as I transition, if confirmed, that there is a difference between the role of an advocate 

and the role of a judge, that as a judge it is my responsibility and 

my duty to see that there are two sides to the story and to the facts 

and to the law, and to make certain that I am an impartial decision maker. I think that it is my experience at the Public Defender 

Service, which is that I have been faced with legal problems, I have 

discussed facts with real people who have real issues, and I have 

been asked to understand their issues, explain them to lawyers and 

to non-lawyers, that will assist me in transitioning. 

Senator VOINOVICH. Thank you. 

Ms. RAFFINAN. Thank you. 

Senator VOINOVICH. I have no other questions. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much. I know that you volunteer 

to work with people who cannot afford legal representation. How 

has your experience prepared you to make sure that, if confirmed, 

everyone from seasoned attorneys to pro se litigants feels that his 

case was heard and given fair consideration? 

Ms. RAFFINAN. I think that every case has to be decided on its 

facts and the law, and I think it is important to be open-minded, 

to listen to the litigants, and to do the research on the law. Whatever background they may come from, it is important to make sure 

that the litigants before you understand that their judge has an 

open mind and an open perspective, and I think it is with that attitude that I would approach any and all of the individuals who 

would appear before me. 

Senator AKAKA. Well, I thank you very much for your testimony. 

There are no further questions from us. 

Senator VOINOVICH. I do not have any. 

Senator AKAKA. There may be additional questions for the 

record, which will be submitted to you in writing. The hearing 

record will remain open until the close of business tomorrow for 

Members of the Committee to submit additional statements or 

questions. It is my hope that this Committee and the Senate will 

be able to act quickly on your nomination. Senator Voinovich and 

I will certainly be urging that to happen. 

So I want to thank you and your family for being here. I want 

to thank you for your responses. I want to wish you well in all that 

you do, and this hearing is adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 3:17 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.] 

(7) 

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