U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 

1 

89–010 

" ! SENATE 116TH CONGRESS

1st Session 

REPORT

2019

116–53 

Calendar No. 128 

PRESIDENTIAL ALLOWANCE 

MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2019 

R E P O R T 

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND 

GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

TO ACCOMPANY

S. 580 

TO AMEND THE ACT OF AUGUST 25, 1958, COMMONLY KNOWN 

AS THE ‘‘FORMER PRESIDENTS ACT OF 1958,’’ WITH RESPECT 

TO THE MONETARY ALLOWANCE PAYABLE TO A FORMER 

PRESIDENT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES 

JUNE 27, 2019.—Ordered to be printed 


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(II) 

COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS 

RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin, Chairman 

ROB PORTMAN, Ohio 

RAND PAUL, Kentucky 

JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma 

MITT ROMNEY, Utah 

RICK SCOTT, Florida 

MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming 

JOSH HAWLEY, Missouri 

GARY C. PETERS, Michigan 

THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware 

MAGGIE HASSAN, New Hampshire 

KAMALA D. HARRIS, California 

KYRSTEN SINEMA, Arizona 

JACKY ROSEN, Nevada 

GABRIELLE D’ADAMO SINGER, Staff Director 

JOSEPH C. FOLIO, III, Chief Counsel 

COURTNEY ALLEN RUTLAND, Deputy Chief Counsel for Governmental Affairs 

DAVID M. WEINBERG, Minority Staff Director 

ZACHARY I. SCHRAM, Minority Chief Counsel 

ASHLEY E. POLING, Minority Director of Governmental Affairs 

YELENA L. TSILKER, Minority Professional Staff Member 

LAURA W. KILBRIDE, Chief Clerk 


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Calendar No. 128 

116TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! SENATE 1st Session 116–53 

PRESIDENTIAL ALLOWANCE MODERNIZATION ACT OF 

2019 

JUNE 27, 2019.—Ordered to be printed 

Mr. JOHNSON, from the Committee on Homeland Security and 

Governmental Affairs, submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany S. 580] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, 

to which was referred the bill (S. 580) to amend the Act of August 

25, 1958, commonly known as the ‘‘Former Presidents Act of 1958,’’ 

with respect to the monetary allowance payable to a former President, and for other purposes, reports favorably thereon with an 

amendment (in the nature of a substitute), and recommends that 

the bill, as amended, do pass. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

I. Purpose and Summary .................................................................................. 1 

II. Background and Need for the Legislation ................................................... 2 

III. Legislative History ......................................................................................... 4 

IV. Section-by-Section Analysis .......................................................................... 4 

V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact .................................................................. 5 

VI. Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate ................................................ 5 

VII. Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported ........................... 6 

I. PURPOSE AND SUMMARY

S. 580, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2016, 

amends the Former Presidents Act of 1958 (FPA) to modernize the 

monetary allowances and pensions payable to future former presiVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:33 Jul 03, 2019 Jkt 089010 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\SR053.XXX SR053

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1 In the 114th Congress, the Committee approved, and the Senate passed, H.R. 1777, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2016. The bill was approved by the House and the Senate but vetoed by President Obama on July 22, 2016. In the 115th Congress, the Committee 

approved S. 1791, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2017. The House passed the 

companion to that legislation, H.R. 3739, in November 2017, but the bill never passed the Senate. The need for the legislation remains the same today, and some details of the legislation 

have changed to address concerns raised by former Presidents. Accordingly, substantial portions 

of section 2 of this report have been drawn from Senate Reports 114–271 and 115–211. 2Wendy Ginsberg & Daniel J. Richardson, Cong. Research Serv. RL34631, Former Presidents: 

Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other Federal Benefits 1 (March 2016) [hereinafter Cong. Research Serv., March 2016 Report]. 3 Id. 

4 Id.; 3 U.S.C. § 102, note. 5S. Rep. No. 85–47, at 2 (1957). 

6 3 U.S.C. § 102, note, Former Presidents; Allowance; Selection, Compensation, and Status of 

Office Staff; Office Space; Widow’s Allowance, Termination; ‘‘Former President’’ Defined (a). 7Off. of Personnel Mgmt., Salary Table No. 2019–EX. See also Off. of Personnel Mgmt., Salary 

Table No. 2017–EX. According to Salary Table No. 2019–EX, the 2019 Executive Schedule rates 

of pay remained at the same levels as in 2018. 8 3 U.S.C. § 102, note, Former Presidents; Allowance; Selection, Compensation, and Status of 

Office Staff; Office Space; Widow’s Allowance, Termination; ‘‘Former President’’ Defined (e). 9 Id. at (b), (c), and (g). 10 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, Pub. L. No. 116–6, Div. D, Title V (2019). See also 

Gen. Serv. Admin., FY 2019 Congressional Justification, FP–3–5 (Feb. 12, 2018). 

dents.1 Specifically, it revises provisions relating to presidential pensions to allow a future former president an annuity of $200,000 

and additional monetary allowance of $200,000 per year for office 

space and staff to conduct his or her duties as a former president. 

It also reduces such monetary allowance by the amount that a future former president’s adjusted gross income in a taxable year exceeds $400,000. 

This bill would also clarify that a widow or widower of a former 

president is eligible for a survivor’s annuity and increases that annual annuity from $20,000 to $100,000. 

II. BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION

Prior to 1958, former presidents did not receive a pension or any 

other financial assistance from the Federal Government.2 While 

some former presidents returned to comfortable lives after leaving 

office, others, like President Harry S. Truman, struggled financially.3 The FPA was enacted in 1958 to provide former United 

States presidents with ‘‘a pension, support staff, office support, 

travel funds, and mailing privileges’’ after they leave office.4 The 

FPA was intended to ‘‘maintain the dignity’’ of the Office of the 

President.5

Under the FPA, as amended, a former president receives a pension that is equal to the annual pay of the head of an Executive 

department.6 This amount was $207,800 in fiscal year (FY) 2017 and increased to $213,600 in FY 2018.7 Additionally, the FPA pro- vides an annual pension of $20,000 to the widow of a former president.8

In addition to the Federal pension, the FPA requires Congress to 

appropriate funds, and the General Services Administration (GSA) 

to provide funds to former presidents to cover their staffing and office needs.9 The statutory obligation arises from Congress’s recognition that former presidents should have funding to continue their 

required official business as former presidents. In FY2019, Congress appropriated $4,796,000 million to GSA to 

cover the annual pensions and allowances for the then-five living 

former Presidents.10 Of that total appropriation, $1.958 million went toward office space rentals, including $513,000 in rent for 


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11Gen. Serv. Admin., FY 2019 Congressional Justification, FP–5 (Feb. 12, 2018). 12 Id. at FP–4. 13Gen. Serv. Admin., FY 2020 Congressional Justification, FP–2–5 (Mar. 18, 2019). Former 

President George H.W. Bush passed away in November 2018. 14 3 U.S.C. § 102, note; Cong. Research Serv., March 2016 Report at 1–2. 15Philip Rucker, Tom Hamburger, & Alexander Becker, How the Clintons went from ‘dead broke’ to rich: Bill earned $104.9 million for speeches, The Washington Post (June 26, 2014), 

https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-the-clintons-went-from-dead-broke-to-rich-billearned-1049-million-for-speeches/2014/06/26/8fa0b372-fd3a-11e3-8176-f2c941cf35f1lstory.html. 16 Jennifer Epstein, George W. Bush Made $15M on Speaking Circuit, Politico (May 21, 2011), 

http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/55372.html. 17Tony Owusu, Barack Obama is Now Among 10 Highest-Paid Public Speakers, TheStreet 

(Sept. 25, 2017), available at https://www.thestreet.com/story/14315669/1/highest-paid-publicspeakers.html. 18Mike McIntire, Clintons Made $109 Million in Last 8 Years, The New York Times (April 

5, 2008), http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/05/us/politics/05clintons.html. 19Lynn Sherr, George W. Bush Lands $7 Million Book Deal, The Daily Beast (March 19, 

2009), http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2009/03/19/george-w-bush-lands-7-million-bookdeal.html. 20 Joe Ferullo, Obama Netflix deal could revolutionize the ‘second act’ in Washington, The Hill 

(May 7, 2019), available at https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/442420-obama-netflix-dealcould-revolutionize-the-second-act-in-washington. 21 Id. 

former President Bill Clinton, $500,000 for former President 

George W. Bush, and $542,000 for former President Barack 

Obama.11 According to GSA, non-pension costs for all of the bene- fits provided to former presidents totaled over $3.6 million for FY 

2019.12 For FY 2020, GSA requested $3,851,000 for the pensions 

and allowances for the four living former Presidents.13

In addition to the FPA, the Presidential Transition Act provides 

an outgoing president with seven months of ‘‘transition’’ services, 

and Federal law requires that former presidents and their spouses 

(and children under the age of 16) receive lifetime Secret Service 

protection.14

Press reports indicate that former presidents have earned millions of dollars in speaking fees and book deals after leaving office. 

The three most recent former presidents, President Clinton and 

President George W. Bush, have reportedly earned millions since 

leaving office, with President Clinton earning more than $100 million between 2001 and 2013,15 President George W. Bush earning at least $15 million for paid speeches since leaving office in 2009,16

and President Barack Obama earning $400,000 per speech.17 In addition to speaking fees, the former Presidents have reportedly benefited from book deals: President Clinton received a $15 million advance for his memoir in 2004,18 President George W. Bush was paid $7 million for his memoir,19 and former President Barack 

Obama and former First Lady Michelle Obama reportedly signed 

a joint contract with publishing house Random House for a $65 

million advance.20 The Obamas also signed a deal with streaming 

service Netflix to produce entertainment services and movies, although the value of that deal has not yet been disclosed, but other 

deals with Netflix reportedly earned $100 million for other highprofile producers.21

S. 580 would set the annual pension for a former president at $200,000, adjusted for inflation going forward. In addition, the legislation would set the annual allowance for office expenses at 

$200,000. This amount would be reduced by one dollar for every 

dollar a former President earns above $400,000. These amounts are 

subject to cost-of-living increases as provided for in the Social Security Act. The annual pension and allowance amounts set by this 

bill would only apply to future former presidents. 


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S. 580 also increases the pension provided to a widow or widower 

of a former president—an amount that has gone unchanged since 

the original legislation was enacted in 1958—increasing the annual 

annuity from $20,000 to $100,000. The bill ensures that the Secret 

Service will work with GSA to determine the amount of the allowance that is needed to pay for the increased cost of doing business 

that is attributable to the security needs of the former president. 

III. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

S. 580, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2019, 

was introduced on February 27, 2019, by Senator Joni Ernst. Senators Margaret Hassan, Michael Enzi, and Kyrsten Sinema cosponsored the bill. Senator Mike Braun later cosponsored the bill on 

March 11, 2019. The bill was referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. 

The Committee considered S. 580 at a business meeting on May 

15, 2019. During the business meeting, a substitute amendment by 

Chairman Ron Johnson was offered and adopted. The substitute 

amendment added language to ensure the bill would only apply 

prospectively to future former presidents. Both the amendment and 

the legislation as modified were passed by voice vote en bloc with 

Senators Johnson, Paul, Lankford, Scott, Peters, Carper, Hassan, 

and Rosen present. For the record only, Senators Portman, Romney, Hawley, and Sinema later asked to be recorded as ‘‘yes’’ by 

unanimous consent. 

Consistent with Committee rules, the Committee reports the bill 

with a technical amendment by mutual agreement of the Chairman 

and Ranking Member. 

IV. SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS OF THE BILL, AS REPORTED

Section 1. Short title 

This section establishes the short title of the bill as the ‘‘Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2019.’’ 

Section 2. Amendments 

This section sets the former presidential pension for future 

former presidents at $200,000 per year, plus the annual Social Security cost-of-living adjustment, and an additional monetary allowance of $200,000 per year. A future former president is not eligible 

to collect the pension and allowance when serving in an appointive 

or elective office in the federal government. 

The amount of the allowance would be reduced one dollar for 

every dollar a future former president earns above $400,000 per 

year. It sets disclosure requirements to ensure the privacy of 

former presidents. It ensures that the Secret Service is consulted 

on security costs to determine the amount of the monetary allowance that is necessary to pay the increased cost of doing businesses 

that is attributable to the security needs of the former president. 

This section also increases the pension for the surviving spouse 

of a former president from $20,000 a year to $100,000 annually, 

taking into account annual cost-of-living increases equal to those 

provided under the Social Security Act and includes a technical correction to make the recipient of such pension gender neutral. 


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Section 3. Rule of construction 

This section clarifies and affirms that nothing in the legislation 

alters the funding of the security or protection of a former president. 

Section 4. Applicability 

This section makes clear that the new reduction in monetary allowance will not apply to current former presidents. 

V. EVALUATION OF REGULATORY IMPACT

Pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of 

the Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee has considered 

the regulatory impact of this bill and determined that the bill will 

have no regulatory impact within the meaning of the rules. The 

Committee agrees with the Congressional Budget Office’s statement that the bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector 

mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

(UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 

VI. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE

U.S. CONGRESS, CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, Washington, DC, June 3, 2019. 

Hon. RON JOHNSON, Chairman, 

Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, 

U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. 

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Congressional Budget Office has prepared the enclosed cost estimate for S. 580, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2019. 

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Dan Ready. 

Sincerely, 

PHILLIP L. SWAGEL, 

Director. 

Enclosure. 


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S. 580 would decrease the pensions of former Presidents. (CBO 

considers such payments to be direct spending.) The bill also would 

effectively eliminate their allowances for staff, office space, and related expenses. (CBO considers those types of payments to be 

spending subject to appropriation.) The bill would apply only to 

Presidents who enter office after the date of enactment. 

Under current law, Presidents who leave office will receive an 

annual pension of between $220,000 and $280,000. The bill would 

reduce those amounts by about $25,000 for affected Presidents. Because that reduction would only apply to the pensions of Presidents 

who enter office after enactment, the earliest date it could affect 

spending would be in 2025. CBO estimates that the reduction in 

pensions would save less than $20,000 per year on average through 

2029. 

On April 9, 2019, CBO transmitted an estimate for H.R. 1496, 

the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2019. Although 

some aspects of the bills are similar, H.R. 1496 would apply to both 

current and future Presidents whereas S. 580 would apply only to 

future Presidents. That difference is reflected in the cost estimates. 

The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Dan Ready. The estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Analysis. 

VII. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the Standing 

Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill, as 

reported, are shown as follows: (existing law proposed to be omitted 

is enclosed in brackets, new matter is printed in italic, and existing 

law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman): 

UNITED STATES CODE 

* * * * * * * 


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TITLE 3—THE PRESIDENT 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 2—OFFICE AND COMPENSATION OF 

PRESIDENT 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 102. COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT 

* * * * * * * 

AMENDMENTS 

* * * * * * * 

FORMER PRESIDENTS; ALLOWANCE; SELECTION, COMPENSATION, AND STATUS OF OFFICE STAFF; OFFICE 

SPACE; WIDOW’S ALLOWANCE, TERMINATION; 

‘‘FORMER PRESIDENT’’ DEFINED 

øThat (a) each¿ 

SECTION 1. FORMER PRESIDENTS LEAVING OFFICE BEFORE PRESIDENTIAL ALLOWANCE MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2019. 

(a) Each former President shall be entitled for the remainder of 

his life to receive from the United States a monetary allowance at 

a rate per annum, payable monthly by the Secretary of the Treasury, which is equal to the annual rate of basic pay, as in effect 

from time to time, of the head of an executive department, as defined in section 101 of title 6, United States Code. However, such 

allowance shall not be paid for any period during which such 

former President holds an appointive or elective office or position 

in or under the Federal Government or the government of the District of Columbia to which is attached a rate of pay other than a 

nominal rate. 

* * * * * * * 

(f) As used in this section, the term ‘‘former President’’ means a 

person— 

(1) who shall have held office of the President of the United 

States of America; 

(2) whose service in such office shall have øterminated other 

than¿ terminated— (A) other than by removal pursuant to section 4 of article 

II of the Constitution of the United States of America; and 

(B) on or before the date of enactment of the Presidential 

Allowance Modernization Act of 2019; and 

(3) who does not currently hold such office. 

SEC. 2. FORMER PRESIDENTS LEAVING OFFICE AFTER PRESIDENTIAL 

ALLOWANCE MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2019. 

(a) ANNUITIES AND ALLOWANCES.— 

(1) ANNUITY.—Each modern former President shall be entitled for the remainder of his or her life to receive from the 

United States an annuity at the rate of $200,000 per year, subject to subsections (b)(2) and (c), to be paid by the Secretary of 

the Treasury. 


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(2) ALLOWANCE.—The Administrator of General Services is 

authorized to provide each modern former President a monetary 

allowance at the rate of $200,000 per year, subject to the availability of appropriations and subsections (b)(2), (c), and (d). 

(b) DURATION; FREQUENCY.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The annuity and allowance under subsection (a) shall each— 

(A) commence on the day after the date on which an individual becomes a modern former President; 

(B) terminate on the date on which the modern former 

President dies; and 

(C) be payable on a monthly basis. 

(2) APPOINTIVE OR ELECTIVE POSITIONS.—The annuity and allowance under subsection (a) shall not be payable for any period during which a modern former President holds an appointive or elective position in or under the Federal Government to 

which is attached a rate of pay other than a nominal rate. 

(c) COST-OF-LIVING INCREASES.—Effective December 1 of each 

year, each annuity and allowance under subsection (a) that commenced before that date shall be increased by the same percentage 

by which benefit amounts under title II of the Social Security Act 

(42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.) are increased, effective as of that date, as a 

result of a determination under section 215(i) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 

415(i)). 

(d) LIMITATION ON MONETARY ALLOWANCE.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this 

section, the monetary allowance payable under subsection (a)(2) 

to a modern former President for any 12-month period— 

(A) except as provided un subparagraph (B), may not exceed the amount by which— 

(i) the monetary allowance that (but for this subsection) would otherwise be so payable for such 12- 

month period, exceeds (if at all) 

(ii) the applicable reduction amount for such 12- 

month period; and 

(iii) shall not be less than the amount determined 

under paragraph (4). 

(2) DEFINITION.— (A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the 

term ‘‘applicable reduction amount’’ means, with respect to 

any modern former President and in connection with any 

12-month period, the amount by which— 

(i) the sum of— 

(I) the adjusted gross income (as defined in section 62 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1966) of 

the modern former President for the most recent 

taxable year for which a tax return is available; 

and 

(II) any interest excluded from the gross income 

of the modern former President under section 103 

of such Code for such taxable year, exceeds (if at 

all) 

(iii) $400,000 subject to subparagraph (C). 

(B) JOINT RETURNS.—In the case of a joint return, subclauses (I) and (II) of subparagraph (A)(i) shall be applied 


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by taking into account both the amounts properly allocable 

to the modern former President and the amounts properly 

allocable to the spouse of the modern former President. 

(C) COST-OF-LIVING INCREASES.—The dollar amount 

specified in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be adjusted at the 

same time that, and by the same percentage by which, the 

monetary allowance of the modern former President is increased under subsection (c) (disregarding this subsection). 

(3) DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT. (A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph— 

(i) the terms ‘‘returns’’ and ‘‘return information’’ have 

the same meanings given those terms in section 6103(b) 

of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and 

(ii) the term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of the 

Treasury or the Secretary of the Treasury’s delegate. 

(B) REQUIREMENT.—A modern former President may not 

receive a monetary allowance under subsection (a)(2) unless 

the modern former President discloses to the Secretary, 

upon the request of the Secretary, any return or return information of the modern former President or spouse of the 

modern former President that the Secretary determines is 

necessary for purposes of calculating the applicable reduction amount under paragraph (2) of this subsection. 

(C) CONFIDENTIALITY.—Except as provided in section 

6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may not, 

with respect to a return or return information disclosed to 

the Secretary under subparagraph (B)— 

(i) disclose the return or return information to any 

entity or person; or 

(ii) use the return or return information for any purpose other than to calculate the applicable reduction 

amount under paragraph (2). 

(4) INCREASED COSTS DUE TO SECURITY NEEDS.—With respect 

to the monetary allowance that would be payable to a modern 

former President under subsection (a)(2) for any 12-month period but for the limitation under paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, the Administrator of General Services, in coordination 

with the Director of the United States Secret Service, shall determine the amount of the allowance that is needed to pay the 

increased cost of doing business that is attributable to the security needs of the modern former President. 

(e) WIDOWS AND WIDOWERS.—The widow or widower of each modern former President shall be entitled to receive from the United 

States a monetary allowance at a rate of $100,000 per year (subject 

to paragraph (4)), payable monthly by the Secretary of the Treasury, 

if such widow or widower shall waive the right to each other annuity or pension to which she or he is entitled under any other Act of 

Congress. The monetary allowance of such widow or widower— 

(1) commences on the day after the modern former President 

dies; 

(2) terminates on the last day of the month before such widow 

or widower— 

(A) dies; or 

(B) remarries before becoming 60 years of age; 


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(3) is not payable for any period during which such widow 

or widower holds an appointive or elective office or position in 

or under the Federal Government to which is attached a rate 

of pay other than a nominal rate; and 

(4) shall, after its commencement date, be increased at the 

same time that, and by the same percentage by which, annuities 

of modern former Presidents are increased under subsection (c). 

(f) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘modern former President’’ means a person— 

(1) who shall have held the office of the President of the 

United States of America; 

(2) whose service in such office shall have terminated— 

(A) other than by removal pursuant to section 4 of article 

II of the Constitution of the United States of America; and 

(B) after the date of enactment of the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2019; and 

(3) who does not then currently hold such office. 

ƒg≈ SECTION 3. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of General Services up to $1,000,000 for each former President or 

modern former President and up to $500,000 for the spouse of each 

former President or modern former President each fiscal year for 

security and travel related expenses: Provided, That under the provisions set forth in section 3056, paragraph (a), subparagraph (3) 

of title 18, United States Code, the former President or modern 

former President and/or spouse was not receiving protection for a 

lifetime provided by the United States Secret Service under section 

3056 paragraph (a) subparagraph (3) of title 18, United States 

Code; the protection provided by the United States Secret Service 

expired at its designated time; or the protection provided by the 

United States Secret Service was declined prior to authorized expiration in lieu of these funds. 

Æ 


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