### Sites controlled by **others : U**  **se of**  **the asphalt emulsion produced contain ing**  **PMN chemical Oley** **lamine hydrochloride and or its neutral Oley lamine precursor** **.** “Chip Sealing” a typical application for use of aqueous asphalt emulsions sub as produced by the submitter. Source: E.D. Etnyre & Co

The asphalt emulsion produce d by Tri - State Asphalt, LLC is typically loaded into a tank truck by Tri - State

. Tristate operates its own fleet of trucks and in nearly all cases will be responsible for the delivery of the em ulsion to the client/contractor controlled use site. It either temp orarily is retained in the tank, off loaded into onsite storage tanks, or directly transferred into tanks integral to the application equipment. Disposition of the emulsion at the use site is in the hands of the paving contractor and their work crews. The main use for the asphalt emulsions prepared using the PMN substance is in a road maintenance proces s called ‘chipseal”. W hen com pleted , the chipseal comprises a 1 - 2mm thick asphalt layer typically covered with 4 - 14 mm one - sized aggregate (“chip”). This provides an economical and water impervious surface seal with much improved surface texture. Chipseal applications are normally ma de using asphalt distributors (tank trucks fitted with a spray bar) and chip spreaders. The warm emulsion is sprayed onto the road surface, and chip s are spread on top, the n rolled to ensure proper embed me nt and alignment. The a pplication rate for the emulsion depends to the aggregate size and road condition but typically ranges from 1 - 2 liters (1 -2kg)/square meter. The aggregate application rate depends on its size, shape and density of the aggregate , but 10 -20 kg/square meter would be typical. Contact between the aggregate and the emulsion leads to a destabilization of the em ulsion (“breaking” or “setting”) with neutralization of the acid, the conversion of the o le yl am ine hydrochloride to its neutral amine precu rsor , evaporation of water from the applied emulsion producing cures and strengthens the asphalt. In the process the neutral , oil - soluble o leylamine remains immobilized in the substance of the asphalt or adsorbed at the interface between the aggregate and the asphalt cement. The following items pert inent to this “chip seal” process are also provided in the description of the production process for the PMN chemical (Oleylamine HCL) are summarized below: 1. The 20,000 gallon ( approx. 76000 L) batch of the final a sphalt em ulsion contains about 15 - 151 kg of Oleylamine HCL at a concentration of 0.02 - 0.20 % w/w

. At an application rate of 1 - 2 liters/sq meter, one production batch can cover 38 - 76,000 sq meter. 2. Shipment size is typically 5600 gallons or 47,000 Ibs ( 21,319 kg) of em ulsion containing 10 - 100 1bs (5 - 50kg) of the PMN substance 3. The end user of the emulsion is a road maintenance contractor, who may operate mobile emulsion tanks of up to 22,000 gallons capacity close to the road construction site most common process of road maintenance, 4. The application rate of emulsion for the "chip seal" process is variable, depending on a wide number of factors , involves spraying emulsion at a rate of approximately 1 -2 liters (1 -2kg)/ m 2 on the road

. 5. Since the emulsion contains 0.2 -2.0g/liter of the PMN substance, between 0.2 and 4.0g of the PMN substance is applied to each square meter of roadway (together with 1 - 2kg of asphalt cement and 10 - 20kg of aggregate)

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