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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

ANNUAL REPORT

FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1988

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Balboa, Republic of Panama

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR

It is a pleasure to submit the annual report of the Panama Canal

Commission for fiscal year 1988.

This ninth year of operation under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaty was a successful one. Oceangoing transits increased slightly, with Panama

Canal net tonnage and tolls revenue each reflecting moderate growth of

nearly 3 percent over the previous year. These increases were primarily due

to the continued heavy movement of grains through the Canal, as well as greater transits by larger vessels. Transits by PANAMAX size vessels, the

largest vessels the waterway can presently handle, comprised almost 24

percent of total oceangoing transits.

Unfortunately, the political crisis in Panama, which began in June 1987,

became more intense and remained unresolved at the close of fiscal year

1988. Canal traffic, however, continued to flow normally and maintenance,

modernization and improvement programs proceeded as scheduled. These

programs included the Miraflores Locks overhaul, dredging and channel

improvement projects, delivery of two new tractor tugs and initiation of a

project providing for the major upgrading of all locks fire protection

systems.

Training programs to develop and refine critical skills have also progressed smoothly, utilizing the latest techniques in the industry. Much
of the training effort is geared toward preparing Panamanian employees to manage and operate the Canal. Already, more than 84 percent of

Commission personnel are Panamanian citizens, with broad responsibilities

throughout the organization.

The outstanding accomplishments of the past year and the continued

efficiency of the waterway are unquestionably the product of a dedicated and

very capable work force, which has performed admirably despite difficulties precipitated by the political situation in Panama. I am confident that the Panama Canal will continue providing efficient and uninterrupted service to the maritime community in the years ahead.

P. McAuLIFFE

Administrator
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Page

ORGANIZATION CHART vi INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION I THE CANAL 1 TOLL RATES 2 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 3 OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA 3 OFFICIALS IN WASHINGTON, DC 3 CHAPTER I-CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC 5 COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS 6 COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES 6 CHAPTER II-CANAL OPERATIONS

TRANSIT OPERATIONS 13 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS 15 CHAPTER III-SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

LOGISTICAL SERVICES 18 COMMUNITY SERVICES 18 SANITATION AND GROUNDS 19 MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES 20 PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY 21 FIRE PROTECTION 21 CANAL PROTECTION 22 HEALTH AND SAFETY 22 CHAPTER IV-ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL: FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL 25 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM 25 PUBLIC AFFAIRS 26 OMBUDSMAN 26 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 27 GENERAL COUNSEL 27 CHAPTER V-FINANCIAL REPORT

NARRATIVE STATEMENT 31 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 31 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES 32

III
CONTENTS

Financial Tables Page

TABLE 1 .—Statement of Financial Position 34 TABLE 2. —Statement of Operations and Non-Interest-Bearing Investment 36 TABLE 3. —Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States Government 37 TABLE 4.—Statement of Cash Flows 38 TABLE 5.—Statement of Status of Appropriations 40 TABLE 6. —Statement of Property, Plant and Equipment 42 Notes to Financial Statements 43

CHAPTER VI—STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics TABLE I.— Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1979 through 1988 50 TABLE 2. —Oceangoing Commercial Traffic by Months—Fiscal Years 1988 and 1987 52 TABLE 3.—Canal Traffic by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1988 53 TABLE 4. —Classification of Canal Traffic by Type of Vessel —Fiscal Year 1988 56 TABLE 5.— Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1988 58 TABLE 6. —Segregation of Transits by Registered Gross Tonnage—Fiscal Year 1988 60 TABLE 7. —Principal Commodities Shipped Through Canal by Fiscal Years ... 62 TABLE 8. —Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama

Canal from Atlantic to Pacific During Fiscal Year 1988 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 66 TABLE 9. —Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama

Canal from Pacific to Atlantic During Fiscal Year 1988 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 72 TABLE 10. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific 80 TABLE 11. —Important .Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic 101 TABLE 12. —Principal Canal Commodities by Direction—Fiscal Year 1988 123

Other Statistics

TABLE 13.— Water Supply and Usage 125 TABLE 14. —Dredging Operations 125 TABLE 15.— Electrical Power Generated 126 TABLE 16.— Fire Division Statistics 126

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INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION

The Panama Canal Commission is an agency of the Executive Branch of

the United States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty of

1977, and established by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 452; 22

U.S.C. 3601 et seq), enacted September 27, 1979. The authority of the

President of the United States with respect to the Commission is exercised

through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Army. The

Commission is supervised by a nine-member Board. Five members are nationals of the United States appointed by the President with the advice

and consent of the Senate. Four members are nationals of the Republic of

Panama who are proposed by the Republic of Panama for appointment by

the President.

The Commission was established to carry out the responsibilities of the United States with respect to the Panama Canal under the Panama Canal

Treaty of 1977. In fulfilling these obligations, the Commission manages,

operates, and maintains the Canal, its complementary works, installations,

and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessels through the

Canal. The Commission will perform these functions until the treaty

terminates on December 31, 1999, when the Republic of Panama will assume full responsibility for the Canal.

The operation of the waterway is conducted on a self-financing basis. The

Commission is expected to recover through tolls and other revenues all costs of operating and maintaining the Canal, including interest, depreciation,

capital for plant replacement, expansion and improvements, and payments

to the Republic of Panama for public services and annuities, in accordance

with paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraphs 4(a) and (b) of Article XIII,

respectively, of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. Revenues from tolls and

all other sources are deposited in the U.S. Treasury in an account known as the Panama Canal Revolving Fund. The resources in this fund are available

for continuous use and serve to finance Canal operating and capital

programs which are reviewed annually by the Congress.

THE CANAL

The Panama Canal is a lock-type canal approximately 5 1 miles long from

deep water to deep water. The minimum width of the navigable channel is 500 feet. Navigable channel depth can vary according to the amount of water
2 INTRODUCTION

available in Canal storage areas; however, the normal permissible transit draft is 39 feet 6 inches tropical fresh water.

Vessels transiting the Canal are raised in three steps to the level of Gatun

Lake, the principal source of Canal water, then lowered to sea level again in three steps. The three sets of Canal locks are paired so as to permit

simultaneous lockage of two vessels in the same or opposite direction. Since August 15, 1914, the official date of its opening, the Panama Canal

has served world trade virtually without interruption. Through this fiscal year, a total of 690,962 vessels of all types have transited with 582,473 or 84.3 percent of the total being of the oceangoing commercial class. TOLL RATES

Toll rates are: (a) on merchant vessels, Army and Navy transports,

hospital ships, supply ships, and yachts, when carrying passengers or cargo, $1.83 per net vessel ton of 100 cubic feet of actual earning capacity, as determined in accordance with the "Rules of Measurement of Vessels for the Panama Canal;" (b) on such vessels in ballast, without passengers or cargo, $1.46 per net vessel ton; and (c) on other floating craft, $1.02 per ton of

displacement.

By treaty, the United States continues to provide to Colombia free transit through the Canal of its troops, materials of war, and ships of war.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Ending Fiscal Year 1988

Honorable William R. Gianelli,

Chairman, Board of Directors Panama Canal Commission

Washington, D.C.

Honorable Luis A. Anderson

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Andrew E. Gibson

Short Hills, New Jersey

Honorable Richard N. Holwill

American Ambassador to Ecuador

Quito, Ecuador

Honorable Oyden Ortega

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Carlos Ozores

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Walter V. Shea

Annapolis, Maryland

Honorable Carlos Velarde

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable William W. Watkin, Jr. Beaufort, South Carolina

Executive Committee

Honorable William R. Gianelli Chairman

Honorable Oyden Ortega

Honorable Walter V. Shea

Honorable Carlos Velarde

Honorable William W. Watkin, Jr. OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Administrator Honorable D. P. McAuliffe

Deputy Administrator Honorable Fernando Manfredo, Jr. OFFICIAL IN WASHINGTON, D.C.

Assistant to the Chairman and Secretary Michael Rhode, Jr.
CANAL TRAFFIC
Chapter I

CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC

Canal traffic and tolls revenue continued to grow moderately in fiscal year

1988. The increase was primarily fueled by a sharp improvement in a number

of commodities, particularly grain, refrigerated products, lumber and

products, and containerized cargo. These gains offset declines in key trades such as automobiles and petroleum and petroleum products.

Oceangoing transits in fiscal year 1988 remained at virtually the same

levels of fiscal year 1987, increasing by five transits from 12,313 to 12,318 or

33.7 daily. Commercial vessels accounted for 12,234 of total oceangoing

transits, changing very little from 1 2,230 in fiscal year 1 987. Vessels owned or operated by the U.S. Government and free Colombian and Panamanian

Government accounted for 84 transits, compared with 83 in the prior year. Average vessel size resumed growth in fiscal year 1988 after the slight

contraction experienced in fiscal year 1987. Transits by vessels having beams

of 100 feet and over increased to 2,894 from 2,668 transits in 1987,

accounting for 23.5 percent of total oceangoing transits compared with 21.7 percent in the prior year. Vessels having beams of 80 feet and over totaled 6,027 transits or 48.9 percent of total oceangoing transits versus 5,908 or 48.0

percent in 1987. The average Panama Canal net tonnage of oceangoing

commercial vessels reached a record level of 15,658 tons, an increase of 2.7 percent from the 15,248 tons of the prior year. A two-year summary of the key elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue

is shown in the following table:
CANAL TRAFFIC

COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal vear

1 1988 1987 I Oceangoing transits: Commercial 1 2,234 1 2,230 U.S. Government 69 78 Free 15 5 Total 12,318 12,313 Daily average 33.7 33.7

Small transits: Commercial 844 852

U.S. Government 246 236

Free 33 43

Total 1,123 1,131

Total cargo: Commercial 156,484,063 148,693,662

U.S. Government 296,140 205,701 Free 62

Total 156,780,203 148,899,425

Total Panama Canal net tons and reconstructed displace- ment tonnage 192,421,295 187,349,205

Transit revenue: Commercial tolls $337,946,016 $328,463,544

U.S. Government tolls 1,373,309 1,395,231

Tolls revenue $339,319,325 $329,858,775

Harbor pilotage, tug, launch, and other services $70,421,731 $68,128,024

Total transit revenue $409,741,056 $397,986,799

COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES

Cargo moved by transiting ships continued upward in fiscal year 1988. Total commercial cargo rose 5.2 percent to 156.5 million long tons from

1 48.7 million tons in fiscal year 1 987, reflecting gains in bulk cargoes, such as

grains, coal, and lumber.

For the second consecutive year, grain shipments reflected an

improvement. Grain tonnage rose 10.8 percent to 35.9 million tons from the

32.4 million tons registered in fiscal year 1987, primarily as a result of a doubling of wheat shipments and further improvement in the corn movement. Corn, which accounts for the largest tonnage in the grain

commodity group, totaled 16.2 million tons, rising 1.8 percent over the 15.9 million tons shipped through the Canal in 1987. About 92.4 percent, or 14.9 million tons, was U.S. corn shipped to the Far East, out of which Japan

received 11.3 million tons, South Korea 1.8 million tons, and Taiwan 1.7
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 7

million tons. Wheat increased 108.8 percent from 4.5 million tons in 1987 to

9.4 million tons in 1988. Almost 53.7 percent or 5. 1 million tons of the wheat

consisted of shipments destined for China compared with 1 .0 million tons in 1987. The increase in corn and wheat offset declines in other components of

the commodity group; notably, soybeans, which was down from 7.8 million

long tons in 1 987 to 6.9 million tons; and sorghum, which decreased from 2.6 million tons to 2.2 million tons. Petroleum and petroleum products continued downward in 1988, falling 5.2 percent to 24.6 million long tons, the lowest level since 1977. Crude oil dropped 1.9 percent to 8.8 million tons from the already depressed 9.0 million tons last year, despite a recovery in Ecuadorian shipments, which

increased to 5.0 million long tons from 3.5 million tons in 1987. The

petroleum products segment of this commodity group declined 6.9 percent

to 15.8 million long tons from 17.0 million tons, with the highest reduction

concentrated in residual oil shipments.

The nitrate, phosphates and potash group, the third major commodity

group in Canal trade, rose 0.8 percent to 12.1 million long tons from 12.0 million tons in 1987. Phosphates, which accounted for 57.3 percent of the group, increased 6.9 percent to 7.0 million long tons from 6.5 million tons in the prior year. Nearly 80 percent of the phosphate shipped through the Canal

originated in the U.S. East Coast and was primarily destined for the Far

East. China accounted for about 1 .7 million long tons and South Korea and

Japan for 1.3 million long tons each. Coal and coke tonnage increased to 8.6 million long tons from 7.9 million tons last year, due to an upturn in coke shipments. Coke rose from 400

thousand tons in 1987 to 1.8 million tons, reflecting sharply higher flows

emanating from Japan and Australia, mainly destined for the U.S. East

Coast. The coal segment of this commodity group, on the other hand,

decreased to 6.8 million long tons from 7.2 million in the prior year. Over 73 percent of the coal shipped through the Canal constituted U.S. coal exports

primarily destined for Japan and Taiwan.

Automobile shipments, included in the machinery and equipment

commodity group, decreased to 2.2 million long tons from 2.5 million tons in 1987. The drop reflects declines in U.S. imports of Japanese cars due to Japanese automobile production in the U.S. and the high value of the yen

relative to the U.S. dollar. Automobiles from Japan destined for the U.S.

East Coast, totaled 1.5 million tons versus 1.8 million tons in 1987. Most other commodity groups, excluding manufactures of iron and steel, improved this fiscal year. Significant increases were achieved in a number of

trades, such as chemicals and petroleum chemicals, refrigerated foods,

lumber and products, and ores and metals. Trade between the East Coast United States and Asia continued to dominate Canal traffic, with 40.5 percent of total Canal commercial cargo
8 CANAL TRAFFIC

moved on this route. Cargo movements in this trade rose 9.2 percent to 63.4

million long tons in 1988 from 58.1 million long tons in the prior year. The following tables show the principal commodity groups moving in oceangoing commercial vessels in 1988 and a comparison of the majortrade

routes in 1988 and 1987.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION
10 CANAL TRAFFIC

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12 CANAL OPERATIONS
Chapter II

CANAL OPERATIONS

Canal operations are comprised of Transit Operations and Maintenance

and Related Canal Projects. The various functions are divided among a number of operating bureaus within the Canal agency. TRANSIT OPERATIONS

Daily average transits by oceangoing vessels remained at 33.7 per day

during fiscal year 1988. Average time in Canal waters decreased from 24.0 hours in fiscal year 1987 to 21.9 hours in fiscal year 1988.

Percent Percent

Vessels of total Vessels of total of 600-foot oceangoing of 80-fool oceangoing

Fiscal year length and over transits beam and over transits 1988 4,047 32.9 6,027 48.9 1987 4,005 32.5 5,902 48.0 1986 4,131 34.4 5,898 49.1 1985 3,862 33.1 5.514 47.3 1984 3,865 33.9 5,496 48.3 1983 4,157 35.1 5,869 49.5 1982 5,534 39.1 7,226 51.1 1981 4,855 34.7 6,364 45.5 1980 4,598 33.8 6,089 44.7 The number of vessels transiting at more than 36-foot draft increased 3.6 percent: 1,766 vessels during FY 1988 compared to 1,704 during fiscal year

1987. The maximum allowable draft remained at 39 feet 6 inches during the

entire fiscal year. Effective April 15, 1988, transit regulations were revised to allow

commercial vessels whose maximum length overall, including bulbous bow,

does not exceed 950 feet and passenger and containerships whose maximum

length overall does not exceed 965 feet. Vessels greater than 900 feet overall length making their first transit, are newly modified or constructed, will still be subject to denial of passage and to the requirement of prior review and

approval of vessel plans.

Total jobs performed by Commission tugs decreased from 39,492 in fiscal year 1987 to 38,736 in fiscal year 1988. Fiscal year

1 1988 1987 I Oceangoing transits 12,318 12,313 Tug jobs: Balboa 26,854 27.893

Cristobal 1 1,882 1 1,599 Tug operating hours 60,289 58,380

13
14 CANAL OPERATIONS

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 15 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS

Maintenance and improvements to the Canal progressed smoothly

throughout the year. The various divisions and units of the Engineering and

Construction Bureau are generally responsible for the overall physical

maintenance and improvement of the waterway. The Marine Bureau

operates and maintains the locks and related facilities. The occasional use of

alternative procurement sources in support of these programs became

necessary because of procurement inconveniences resulting from the

political crisis in Panama.

Routine maintenance dredging, as well as channel improvements to both

entrances to the waterway, proceeded as scheduled. The Gatun approach was completed in May 1988 and the Miraflores approach will be completed

in May 1989. Statistics on the volume of material dredged appear in Table 14 of this report.

As part of a long range program established for the periodic rehabilitation

of underwater equipment, miter gates 104 through 107 and two spare gates at Miraflores Locks were overhauled in conjunction with other chamber work.

Other significant locks maintenance projects included the replacement of old transformers at Gatun Locks with new, more efficient cast coil transformers;

scheduled maintenance of lock towing locomotives; locomotive tow track work at all locks; and replacement of damaged or worn fendering.

The first major overhaul of Miraflores Spillway was completed. This

included the purchase and installation of two new flood gates and the

installation of three spare and one rehabilitated gate.

Significant marine-related maintenance work included major overhauls

of two barges, the crane barge Goliath, the tugs Schlev and Amistad, and

Madden Dam Drum Gate No. 4. Partial overhaul of the tug Alianza and an

interim overhaul of the tug Progreso were completed. The tug Morrow and

the craneboat Atlas were undergoing overhaul at year end.

Major equipment acquisitions in support of Canal operations consisted of

the delivery of two new powerful tractor tugs; two diesel electric locomotive

cranes, both complying with OSHA regulations for lifting personnel; one

high speed launch for rapid movement of personnel across Gatun Lake; a

fully equipped salvage barge; four overhead bridge cranes for shops at the

Industrial Division; a new building for the assembly and storage of docking

blocks and cradles for the Syncrolift; and rental (with option to purchase) of

a large portable shelter to protect exposed work sites in the Mt. Hope

industrial area. Contracts were awarded for the replacement of the Gatun and Miraflores

Locks north locomotive turntables; major upgrading of all locks fire protection systems; replacement of 44kv line track span electrical towers- remedial excavation at East Culebra Reach; and, one tractor tug, two

pilot/linehandler launches and two high speed launches.

The first phase of a multiyear program to replace Commission telephone

exchanges was completed in January 1988.
16 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS
Chapter III

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

Supporting operations of the Panama Canal Commission provided

essential support services to the operation and maintenance of the waterway

and the Agency's facilities, as well as to other U.S. agencies on the Isthmus

and to employees and their dependents. These operations included logistical

services, community services, sanitation and grounds management,

transportation services, public utilities, fire protection, Canal security

protection, health and safety and other employee services. Due to the political crisis in Panama, it became necessary to implement a number of emergency and contingency support operations not otherwise

necessary in normal times. A contingency information network for quick

dissemination of vital information within the Commission was established. An interservice support agreement with the U.S. Forces to purchase gasoline

and marine diesel fuels was activated on occasion. A logistical agreement was reached in concept with U.S. Southern Command for the purchase of

critical foodstuff and health items if needed. In addition, a plan was

developed to procure and stock in Commission inventory a limited number

of emergency jobsite rations for use by employees in emergency situations. Staples suitable for an average size family were procured from various

sources, including U.S. suppliers and made available to Commission

employees on a payroll deduction basis during the crisis, while supermarkets

in the city were either closed or had depleted their inventories. A shuttle bus

service was implemented on several occasions, using pickup points at strategic locations in the terminal cities of the Isthmus to enable employees

to reach their worksites during the local bus strike, street closures and

disturbances. Many essential parts and equipment necessary for maintenance and repair of the Canal were procured from U.S. sources, since Panamanian suppliers were having serious difficulty meeting deadlines and

obtaining funding due to the political crisis. The Commission also activated an emergency plan to house certain employees during the crisis by providing

sleeping accommodations to employees who could not reach their homes at certain times due to the disturbances in the cities. Finally, as an emergency

alternative, water transportation was used frequently during the year to

17
18 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

transport pilots and Commission officials across the Isthmus when major

highways were blocked by demonstrations or other dangerous conditions

made the streets too hazardous to use. LOGISTICAL SERVICES

The Logistical Support Division provided centralized procurement,

inventory management, warehousing, distribution, contract administration,

and supply and property disposal support to Canal operations. A total of

$70 million in goods and services were procured during fiscal year 1988,

including $20.6 million from sources in Panama. Major contracting

obligations included $3. 1 million for Bunker "C" fuel oil for thermoelectric

power generation, $4.6 million for light diesel fuel, $4.0 million for a tractor tugboat, $1.1 million for cast coil transformers, $838,000 for pilot/

linehandler launches, $1.5 million for vehicles, and $727,000 for protective

relays.

Approximately $21 million in Commission inventory items were issued

for Commission use, and $20.3 million was obligated for new inventory

purchases during the year. A total inventory of 39,157 line items with an

average cost value of $29.7 million was on hand at year end.

Activities of the Excess Disposal Unit included no-cost transfers to other

U.S. Government agencies of excess equipment having an original

acquisition value of approximately $1.26 million, while surplus property

sold to the Government of Panama at current fair market value amounted to approximately $40,024. Additional surplus property was sold publically for

the best available prices.

The New Orleans Branch in Louisiana expedited urgent purchases and

coordinated all Commission cargo shipments from the United States to Panama. In addition, the branch performed a major role in providing

emergency food and other procurements for the Commission during the

political crisis in Panama. Under the coverage of the Military Sealift Command's contract, 16,071 measurement tons of containerized and

breakbulk cargo for the Commission were shipped to Las Minas, Panama.

An additional 6,890 measurement tons of general cargo and vehicles were

shipped under commercial contract with an ocean freight shipper from New

Orleans to the Republic of Panama.

COMMUNITY SERVICES

The Community Services Division is responsible for managing employee

housing, Commission-owned buildings, a technical resources center

(library) and the employee fitness program for the agency. Other services are provided by the Office of Area Coordination.

The Housing Management Branch managed housing operations,

including routine maintenance and repairs to the Commission housing

inventory, through Commission and contract forces; assigned safety and

energy conservation a high priority; provided for the physical and personal

security of the residents through a number of strengthened physical security

programs; upgraded kitchen and bathroom facilities; concentrated its limited funding expenditures on housing units identified to continue under

the Commission's management; released to the Government of Panama 27
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 19

housing units excess to the needs of the Commission; obtained concurrence from the Government of Panama to demolish one housing unit in Margarita. A total of 1 545 housing units, representing 36% of the inventory

of approximately 4300 units owned by the Panama Canal Company*

immediately prior to entry into force of the Panama Canal Treaty in 1979 were retained by the Commission at the end of FY 1978. Unknown squatters

illegally forced their entry the night of March 14, 1988 into a number of

Commission-managed houses in Margarita. Requests to the appropriate

authorities of Panama for assistance in removing them brought no positive response. Intruders continued to illegally occupy twelve of these housing

units at fiscal year-end.

The Buildings Management Branch managed and maintained buildings

and structures under the division's administration; performed major

renovation of six office buildings, coordinated design and minor

improvements to a number of offices, accomplished routine maintenance

and repairs; modified existing facilities to comply with standards for handicapped personnel; accomplished work through Commission and

contract forces; provided custodial services to all Community Services

buildings and to a limited number of units managed by other divisions; placed a high priority on safety requirements and corrections, energy

conservation and physical security programs; managed Executive Order

1241 1 and related regulations as the agency space manager; released space formerly occupied by the Technical Resources Center at Building 0610,

Ancon, to the Government of Panama.

The Technical Resources Center supported all Commission units and

programs with technical information, research and publications. It also

assisted other U.S. agencies and entities in Panama; provided professional

development to the pilot understudies, apprentice and clerical trainee

programs through workshops; maintained the specialized Panama Canal

Collection of library and three-dimensional materials; and installed computer hardware and specialized software to enhance its research

capability.

The Employee Fitness Branch managed and developed year-round and summer fitness programs and related recreational activities for all Commission employees and their dependents; operated recreational areas and facilities; trained other Commission units in rescue, water safety;

advanced lifesaving, drown-proofing, survival floating and water safety

subjects; and certified swimming proficiency of job applicants and

employees.

SANITATION AND GROUNDS

The Sanitation Branch continued to carry out vector control and

environmental sanitation measures essential to maintain the high standard

of public health enjoyed by Panama Canal Commission employees and their

families. Surveillance and control of insect vectors and vermin were

continued, with emphasis on nonchemical methods; i.e., mosquito control

through the maintenance of drainage ditches and other source reduction measures. A network of over 220 miles of drainage ditches was maintained to
20 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

eliminate mosquito breeding within a one mile perimeter around employee

worksites and housing areas. Specialized mosquito control measures

continue to be necessary for the prevention of such major insect-borne

tropical diseases as malaria, dengue and yellow fever. Because Aedes

aegxpti, the vector of dengue and yellow fever, has now spread throughout

Panama City, control measures directed against this species are of even

greater importance than in past years. In addition, day-to-day control efforts continue to be directed against cockroaches, ticks and fleas, house flies, bats,

rodents, venomous snakes and other public health pests. The Grounds Branch maintained approximately 2900 acres of improved

grounds and turf within residential areas, and around Commission

buildings, the locks and other industrial facilities. Field crews also maintained vegetation control along utility line rights-of-way, earthen

saddle dams, Gatun Dam, Canal bank stability drainage systems, and

around the perimeters of aids-to-navigation towers and targets. Monitoring

of garbage and refuse collection became another significant activity in the

latter part of FY 1988, when the Government of Panama reduced

garbage/ refuse collection service from every other day to once a week. As

the fiscal year ended, contingency plans were being developed to handle

garbage and refuse collection should such measures become necessary. Following a major landslide on the south side of Gold Hill which occurred on October 10, 1986, experimental plantings of tree seedlings of Gmelina

arborea and Acacia magnium trees were made in advance of letting a contract to revegetate areas cleared during the massive earth-moving activity

directed at lessening the overburden above the slide areas. The pilot project

proved to be a success, and a contract was awarded for the planting of 59,000

tree seedlings of the above species on several cleared areas on both the east and west banks of the Canal. The planting phase of the contract was

completed on September 30, 1988, and the establishment phase

(maintenance of planted trees in the field) will continue until December 31, 1988. The Entomology Unit continued to provide daily expert technical advice

and insect vector surveillance within the Commission. The Unit's laboratory

staff alerted authorities of the recent invasion by the Aedes aegypti mosquito

in Balboa on July 29, 1988, leading to a timely response and the successful elimination of the breeding focus at that time. The unit also has closely

monitored Africanized bee swarms and nests since the arrival of the bees at the Panama Canal in March 1982. For the past three years, Africanized bee

populations have been at levels about half that seen in the peak years of 1983-

1984. MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

The Motor Transportation Division operated and maintained a consolidated motor pool of 892 vehicles designed to meet the vehicular

transportation requirements of the Commission. The vehicle fleet in fiscal year 1988 included 642 trucks of various types, 208 passenger-carrying

vehicles, and 42 special-purpose vehicles. Vehicle mileage increased slightly

from 7,112,193 miles in FY 1987 to 7,317,387 miles in FY 1988. Fully
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 21

equipped shops, including a tire retreading facility and heavy duty repair

shops, provided facilities for overhauls, maintenance and repairs to the Motor Transportation Division fleet and equipment of other Commission

units. In addition, some services were contracted out where they were

available in required quantity and quality in Panama. The vehicle inspection

facilities located within the Motor Transportation Division also were used in late calendar year 1987 and early 1988 by U.S. Army personnel, under

agreement with the Government of Panama, to conduct inspections of

privately-owned vehicles, and by the Motor Transportation Division to perform Commission vehicle inspections.

PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY

Panama Canal Commission facilities include electric power generation

and distribution systems, communication systems, water purification and

distribution systems, and a central chilled water air conditioning system for

certain public buildings.

Total Canal area energy demand during FY 88 was 525 gigawatt hours, a

5.6 percent increase from the 497 gigawatts used last year. The peak hourly

demand of 84 megawatts reached on December 18, 1987, equalled that of

the previous year. Agency-directed energy consumption in fiscal year 1988

for electrical power and fuel, calculated together in Btu's, was reduced 0.9 percent in comparison to 1987; electrical power consumption by the Commission, 79.9 gigawatt hours, was 4.7 percent above usage levels for comparable operations during the previous year; while total fuel consumption (excluding fuel for power generation), 4.6 million gallons, was

8.3 percent lower. The water treatment and distribution systems operated by the Commission provide potable water for the Canal area and areas of the Republic of Panama. The Pacific side system serves the Canal area, portions

of Panama City, and suburban areas; and the separate Atlantic side system

serves the Canal area, portions of Colon, and suburban areas. During fiscal year 1988, the two systems supplied 3.36 billion cubic feet of potable water to consumers, an increase of about 8.04 percent from the previous year. Water

supplied by the Panama Canal Commission to Panama City and Colon

metropolitan areas amounted to approximately 56.8 million gallons per day.

FIRE PROTECTION

The Panama Canal Commission Fire Division and the Bomberos,

Republic of Panama, in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, are responsible for providing fire protection, firefighting and rescue operations in Canal operating areas, defense sites, civilian and military areas of coordination and shipboard firefighting on all vessels in Canal area

waters. This includes joint responses to structural fires, ship fires and other

emergencies in areas of joint responsibility.

Total responses for fiscal year 1988 were 6497 compared to 5748 for fiscal year 1987. At least 35 percent of the responses for this year were attributable

to the marine standby program, a transit safety measure. This service is provided by Fire Division personnel with foam apparatus on standby at the
22 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

locks for certain vessels indicated by the Marine Bureau as containing

dangerous cargoes. The critical period is considered to be when a vessel is entering the locks. Requests for ambulance service totaled 1745, representing an 18 percent

increase over the previous year. Bomb threats also increased from 31 last year to 42 this year. Excluding ship fires, there were 649 fires this year, 26

percent more than FY 1987. As in the past, the majority of these incidents were grass and brush fires, most frequently occurring during the vulnerable

dry season period. Additional Fire Division statistics appear in Table 16 of

this report.

CANAL PROTECTION

The Canal Protection Division provides operational security for the Panama Canal Commission and plant protection of installations and

facilities devoted to the management, operation, and maintenance of the waterway.

Security improvements to vital installations and support facilities continued throughout the year with site surveys, inspections and installation of essential security hardware and systems. Political disturbances required

reassignment of guard personnel to many Commission support activity areas along with expanded coverage at vital installations which resulted in a

significant increase in work load and area of responsibility. At year end, 285

uniformed guards and extensive physical security systems provided security

to most installations of the Canal, many on a 24-hour per day basis. HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Occupational Health Division and the Safety Division are components of the Office of Personnel Administration. The Personnel

Director is the Designated Agency Safety and Health Official. The Panama

Canal Commission is committed to ensuring a safe and healthful workplace

for its employees, an objective which enjoys support from top management

down.

During fiscal year 1988, the Commission experienced 497 performanceof-duty accidents/ illnesses for which employees required medical attention

beyond first aid, as compared to 628 such accidents/ illnesses in fiscal year

1987. The incident rate fell significantly from 7.9 per 100 employees in fiscal year 1987 to 5.8 in fiscal year 1988. There were no fatalities recorded in either

fiscal year 1988 or fiscal year 1987. To further enhance safety and health in the Commission workplace during

fiscal year 1988, on and off-Isthmus training was provided, workplace

inspections and evaluations were continued, ongoing publicity was

accomplished, and the newly revised safety service awards program was

implemented to recognize accident-free service and foster positive safety

attitudes. A Dive Safety Board developed measures to improve safety and

technical standards and procedures in dive operations. Executive Order

12564 was implemented with the addition of certain measures to an existing

program of controlled alcohol and drug testing. A Smoking Policy was also implemented, various industrial hygiene policies and procedures were
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 23

finalized, coordination of a hazard communication policy continued, and a revised Safety Shoe Policy was effected. As a preparatory measure, a

training program was developed for health and emergency response

personnel relating to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Additionally, the certified Safety and Health Committee continued its active

role in the safety and health program.

Chapter IV

ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL

FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL

At the end of fiscal year 1988, the total Isthmian force of the Commission

was 8,522 compared to 8,562 employees in fiscal year 1987. Of the total Isthmian force, 7,538 were permanent and 984 temporary. Of the permanent

work force, 6,347 (84.2%) were Panamanians, 1,075 (14.3%) were U.S.

citizens and 116(1.5%) were third-country nationals. Nineteen persons, all U.S. citizens, were employed by the Commission in New Orleans and

Washington, D.C.

The total Commission payroll was $202 million in fiscal year 1988

compared to $196.2 million in fiscal year 1987. Of the total Commission

fiscal year 1988 payroll, $141.9 million was paid to non-U. S. citizen employees and $60.1 million to U.S. citizen employees.

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM

The Office of Equal Opportunity administers an equal opportunity

program pursuant to public law and administrative directive for Commission employees and applicants for employment.

Employment of the severely disabled increased for the sixth consecutive

year and the agency was commended by the Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission for being a model employer of the disabled.

There was an increase in the number of formal EO complaints over the previous fiscal year. Ongoing educational programs included workshops on

the prevention of sexual harassment, national origin harassment, and the EEO complaints process. Special emphasis program commemorations

included Women's Week activities and National Hispanic Heritage Week.

Ongoing monitoring of the Panamanian Preference Program revealed continuing progress in the increased participation of Panamanian nationals

at all occupational levels. The agency's accomplishment of affirmative employment action for fiscal year 1988 is reflected in the composition of the work force by sex and

minority group designation.

25
26 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

Composition of the Work Force By Sex: Male 88.0%

Female 12.0% By Minority Group Designation:

Hispanics Blacks Whiles Orientals Amer. Ind. 62.8% 23.3% 12.2% 1.4% 0.3% PUBLIC AFFAIRS

The Office of Public Affairs is responsible for handling all public affairs,

guide services and informational activities of the Panama Canal

Commission, both locally and internationally. In this connection, through

the Commission publication The Panama Canal Spillway, local press

releases, video tapes, films and exhibits, matters of related interest were

disseminated to the work force and the public at large. The Graphic Branch

assisted in the accomplishment of this task by providing a broad range of

photographic and audio-visual support services. The workload of the Office of Public Affairs, in general, increased

measurably as the political events in Panama became more extreme in the second quarter of this fiscal year. These events generated frequent visits to the Canal by international media representatives who were interested in developing their assessment of the impact of such events on the Panama

Canal and future operations.

The guide service handled a total of 308,930 visitors at the Canal and

conducted 569 VIP tours. Visitors included representatives of major news

services, accompanied by photographers and film crews; officials from

various sectors of the shipping industry and shipping related publications;

and government and business officials from around the world.

OMBUDSMAN

The Office of the Ombudsman was established pursuant to implementing

legislation of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The office responds to employees and dependents' complaints, grievances, and requests for information; and channels many issues to the proper authorities for processing under existing statutes or administrative regulations. Generally,

the Office of the Ombudsman investigates administrative problems,

inefficiencies, omissions and policy conflicts existing within the Panama

Canal Commission and other U.S. Government agencies on the Isthmus of

Panama resulting from the Treaty. The office provides the widest latitude possible for handling problems affecting employee morale and the quality of

life.A total of 181 cases were processed by the Ombudsman as compared to 275 in fiscal year 1987, representing a 34 percent reduction in the number of

cases handled. While these statistics reflect a decline in the caseload, heavy

demands were placed on the Office of the Ombudsman as a result of

intensified political unrest in Panama. A "hotline," which was activated in

late FY 1987, was expanded and staffed on an extended daily schedule. It is estimated that, at peak periods during the political crisis, this office handled
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 27

some 50 calls per hour. The vast majority of the calls originated from

Commission employees, dependents, area residents and annuitants

previously employed with U.S. Federal agencies on the Isthmus, expressing

deep concerns over hardships precipitated or magnified by the ongoing

political problems and other problems which have established a pattern of

routine since entry into force of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

The collective bargaining agreement between the Commission and the Marine Engineers Beneficial Association expired in October 1987. Although

at year's end, renegotiation of the new agreement had not been finalized, the terms and conditions of the expired contract will continue in effect until a new agreement is negotiated.

Relations with the pilots union took on a more constructive note. The

current branch agent has demonstrated a willingness to resolve differences

informally instead of immediately resorting to third party machinery.

Effective July 31, the collective bargaining agreement with the pilots union was amended and renewed for 5 years. The new agreement will expire on

July 30, 1993. The collective bargaining agreement with the firefighters union was again

extended for an additional year, until April of 1989.

In FY 1987, it was reported that the Commission was one of several U.S. Federal agencies affected by decisions of the Federal Labor Relations

Authority (FLRA) that certain pay and money-related issues are negotiable

where, as in the case of the Commission, these matters are not specifically

prescribed by law. During FY 1988, based on circuit court decisions

reversing the FLRA in similar decisions affecting other agencies, the Commission asserted during negotiations that these issues are nonnegotiable. Although two different circuits have subsequently found

negotiable such matters, the Commission will continue to assert they are not

within the scope of bargaining until the issue is finally resolved by the courts. Because of the continuing local political problems, there was a marked

increase in union involvement over issues which, under normal

circumstances, would not fall within a labor organization's purview.

GENERAL COUNSEL

On December 23, 1985, the President signed into law the Panama Canal

Amendments Act, Public Law 99-209, which authorized the Commission to

settle all vessel-accident claims, regardless of the amount and irrespective of

the situs of the accident. Prior to the enactment of this Act, the Commission

was precluded from considering claims of more than $120,000 for out-of- locks accidents. At the time of the passage of The Panama Canal

Amendments Act, 30 out-of-locks vessel-accident claims had been filed and

were pending with either the United States Congress or the Commission.

Since the enactment of the Amendments Act, the Commission has steadily

reduced this backlog of vessel-accident claims. By the end of fiscal year 1988,

27 of these claims had been settled, and $16,155,672 (out of a total of

$23,112,157 claimed) had been paid to the aggrieved shipowners.
28 FINANCIAL REPORT

The Amendments Act also permitted dissatisfied claimants to sue the Commission for out-of-locks vessel-accident damage. Two such lawsuits were filed before the passage of the Amendments Act and an additional eight

have been filed since its enactment. By September 30, 1988, one case had

been dismissed by the court, and six suits had been settled for payments

totaling $2,084,899. The remaining three lawsuits are pending resolution.

The principal area of settlement in the Office of General Counsel was in the area of marine accidents where 26 claims for vessel damage, totaling

$3,889,164, were settled in the amount of $1,382,378.

Legislation has been passed by the Congress and sent to the President for signature which will authorize the establishment of a fund to provide for the accumulation of monies to meet the Panama Canal Commission's

obligations under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act, and for other

purposes.

Historically, the Panama Canal enterprise had been one of only two

federal agencies charged with the responsibility of administering the Federal

Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) 5 U.S.C. 8101, et seq. for its own

employees. That function was first delegated by President Wilson in 1916,

carried forward to the Canal Zone Government in 1951, and to the Commission upon its establishment on October 1, 1979, pursuant to the implementation of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, TIAS 10031. Under 5 U.S.C. 8146 (as amended by section 3302 of the 1979 Panama Canal Act)

and section 1-307 of Executive Order 12215 of May 27, 1980, the

Commission has administered the FECA program for present and former

employees who have sustained injuries during the performance of their duties with this agency and those which preceded it. In light of the treaty-mandated December 31, 1999, disestablishment of

the Commission, and the fact that it is currently the only agency (with the exception of the Office of Worker's Compensation Programs) which

administers the FECA program for its employees, the agency's Board of

Directors has approved the transfer of the FECA program to the OWCP.

President Reagan signed Executive Order 12652 on September 19, 1988,

which authorizes the transfer effective January 1, 1989. In accordance with

that transfer, the new law will enable the Commission to deposit sufficient funds into the Panama Canal Commission Compensation Fund to meet the

actuarially determined costs of the program. Covered employees who have

sustained performance of duty injuries will thus be assured of benefits as provided by the FECA law, despite the disestablishment of this agency at the expiration of the treaty period.

The salaries of employees of agencies and instrumentalities of the United

States are generally not subject to garnishment; however, specific legislation was enacted on January 1, 1975, which authorized garnishment for the

limited purpose of complying with alimony and child support orders issued

by U.S. Courts of competent jurisdiction. The law also recognized foreign court orders upon execution of an agreement between the United States and

the country in which the order was issued. Following entry into force of the
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 29

Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and disestablishment of the Canal Zone

courts, no local judicial forum remained available to persons seeking redress

in accordance with the foregoing statute. After a lengthy period of discussion and negotiation between the two

governments, Diplomatic Note No. 012 and DGPE/EUC/ 19. 1.13, were exchanged on February 22, 1988. In accordance therewith, the Commission

is now authorized to honor judicial orders for the garnishment of alimony

and child support issued by certain Panamanian courts in the same manner

as those issued by U.S. Courts of competent jurisdiction.

In implementation of the foregoing agreement, the Office of General

Counsel has undertaken the review of incoming garnishment process to insure legal sufficiency and compliance with the statute. Coordination

(including informal seminars and individual briefings) with appropriate

judicial personnel (both in the immediate area and the interior) has also served to facilitate the implementation of the agreement. To date, 80 orders

have been processed and one more is currently in the pipeline. Most of the 30

which did not meet the statutory criteria for garnishment were resubmitted,

and 14 have resulted in voluntary alimony or child support allotments.

Chapter V

FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1988

Effective January 1, 1988, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of

1987, Public Law 100-203, converted the Panama Canal Commission from

an appropriated fund agency to a revolving fund agency. In accordance with

this legislation, the Panama Canal Commission fund was terminated and its unappropriated balance plus all unexpended balances of appropriations still available to the Commission were transferred to a newly established fund

entitled the Panama Canal Revolving Fund. In addition, tolls and all other

receipts of the Commission are deposited into the new revolving fund.

The financial statements of the Panama Canal Commission, appearing as Tables 1 through 6, with accompanying notes, present the financial position

of the Commission at September 30, 1988, and the results of its operations

for the fiscal year then ended. Incorporated as Table 4 of the statements is the Statement of Cash Flows. This table, as required by the Financial

Accounting Standards Board in Statement of Financial Accounting

Standards No. 95, replaces the Statement of Changes in Financial Position.

Also, due to the conversion of the Panama Canal Commission from an

appropriated fund agency to a revolving fund agency, comparison of fiscal years 1987 and 1988 financial data was not practical. Therefore, only fiscal year 1988 financial data is presented in these statements. The accounts and statements of the Panama Canal Commission have been

examined by the Office of General Auditor of the Commission and are

subject to examination by the United States General Accounting Office. Detailed audit reports of the United States General Accounting Office are directed to the Congress and are presented as Congressional documents.

Summary information concerning the operating results and capital

expenditures follows:RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal year 1988 operations resulted in a net loss of $1.8 million. This

amount plus the $0.6 million loss from fiscal year 1987 operations will be

31
32 STATISTICAL TABLES

recovered from subsequent revenues as required by section 1341(b)(2) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-70).

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Accrued capital expenditures for fiscal year 1988 amounted to $27.1

million. The principal expenditures were $3.0 million for replacement of

motor vehicles, $2.7 million for purchase of a tugboat, $1.9 million for improvements to the electrical power/ communication system, $1.5 million

for purchase of a locomotive crane, $ 1 .4 million for replacement of a storage

barge, $1.4 million for replacement of the Commission's telephone system,

$1.1 million for replacement of locomotive turntables and $0.9 million for improvements to Commission buildings.

34 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 1.— Statement of Financial Position

Assets PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

At cost (Note 2c) $936,1 1 1,054 Less accumulated depreciation and valuation allowances

(Notes 2e and 3) 464,872,854

471,238,200

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash: (note 4) U.S. Treasury account 138,872,443 Cash in commercial banks and on hand 5,800,906

Postal, other trust funds and cash in transit 2,442,789

147,116,138

Accounts receivable 14,894,155

Inventories, less allowance for obsolete and excess inventory of $400,000 (Note 2g) 36,928,949

Other current assets 382,019

199,321,261

OTHER ASSETS:

Deferred charges: Cost of early retirement benefits (Note 2h) 166,584,000 Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes 2m and 6) 79,126,504 Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor

agencies (Note 2h) 6,746,000 Other

252,456,504

Unrecovered costs due from subsequent revenues (Notes 2b and 5) 2,408,665

254,865,169 TOTAL ASSETS $925,424,630

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

September 30, 1988

35

Capital and Liabilities CAPITAL:

Investment of the United States Government:

Interest-bearing (10.379%) (Note 7) $102,773,553

Non-interest-bearing 371 024 286

473 797 839 CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Accounts payable: U.S. Government agencies 4,245,938 Government of Panama 8,475^439 Other 34J802J92

47,523,769 Accrued liabilities: Employees' leave 44,033,669

Salaries and wages 71 39,405 Cost of early retirement benefits (Note 2h) 15, 144*000 Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes 2m and 6) 7,033^467 Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor

agencies (Note 2h) 844,000 Employees' repatriation 687,000 Marine accident claims 1 3,822,47

1

Other L923J0I

90,627,113 Other current liabilities: Advances for capital-unexpended (Notes 2d and 11) 14,332,082 Other L889J40

16,221,222 154,372,104 DEFERRED CREDIT:

Advances for capital being amortized (Notes 2d and II) 40,941,046 LONG-TERM LIABILITIES AND RESERVES:

Cost of early retirement benefits ( Note 2h) '. 151 ,440,000 Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes 2m and 6) 72,093^037 Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor

agencies (Note 2h) 5,902,000 Employees' repatriation 6,053,000 Lock overhauls (Note 2i) 211 '633 Marine accidents (Note 2j) 1 7.683J80

Casualty losses (Note 2j) 941,882

Floating equipment overhaul (Note 2k) 1,988^709 256,313,641 TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES $925,424,630

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
36 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 2.— Statement of Operations and Non-Interest-Bearing Investment

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 1988

OPERATING REVENUES:

Tolls revenue $339,319,326 Other revenues 110,089,660

Total operating revenues 449,408,986 OPERATING EXPENSES:

Payments to the Government of Panama:

Public services 10,000,000 Fixed annuity 10,000,000 Tonnage 59,635,398

79,635,398 Maintenance of channels and harbors 42,258,524 Navigation service and control 77,384,665 Locks operation 47,709,75

1

General repair, engineering and maintenance services 25,071,192 Supply and logistics 21,030,820

Utilities 31,895,242 Housing operations 5,553,796 General and administrative 73,107,100

Interest on interest-bearing investment (Note 7) 1 1,250.757 Other 36,329,982

Total operating expenses 451,227,227 NET OPERATING REVENUE (LOSS) (Notes 2b and 5) (1,818,241)
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 37 O O r- en

en ^t

mc

?.

JCa
38 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 4.— Statement of Cash Flows

INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH

Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Cash received: Tolls $339,319,326 Other collections 1 20,0 1 1 ,727 Increase in receivables (3,057,444 ) Total cash received $456,273,609 Cash disbursed: Operating expenditures (463,389,231)

Increase in inventory ( 1 ,789,780) Increase in liabilities 59,367,762

Total cash disbursed (405,811,249) Net cash from operations .

.

$50,462,360

Other adjustments: Cash from Panama Canal Commission Fund . .

.

289,663,021 Restoration of funds previously withdrawn 105,231 Operating revenues deposited into Panama Canal Commission Fund (112,765,084) Net operating cash received from Treasury.

.

177,003,168

Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities 227,465,528 Cash Flows from Extraordinary Activities: Payment of interest on net direct investment (Note 9) (61,653,129) Repayment of 1980 appropriation (Note 9) (85,582,579)

Net cash provided by/(used in) extraordinary activities . .

.

(147,235,708) Cash Flows from Capital Activities: Capital expenditures (27,069,345) Decrease in liabilities (231,190)

Net cash provided by/(used in) capital activities (27,300,535) Cash Flows from Postal and Trust funds:

Postal funds (6,630) Trust funds 12,048

Net cash provided by/(used in) postal and trust fund

activities 5,418

Net increase/ (decrease) in cash 52,934,703 Cash, beginning of year 94,181,435

Cash, end of year $147,116,138

(Note 8) The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 39

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 1988

RECONCILIATION OF NET REVENUE (LOSS) TO NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net Revenue (loss) $(1,818,241)

Adjustments to reconcile net revenue (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Adjustments not requiring outlay of cash: Depreciation 21 ,352,682 Provision for lock overhauls 4,387,000

Provision for casualty losses 2*90 1 ^952 Provision for floating equipment repairs 4,019,000 Advances for capital lo'458]o55 0ther (1,'640,029) 41,478,660 Adjustments requiring outlay of cash: Lock overhauls expenditures (5,699,523) Casualty losses expenditures (5.671J66)

Floating equipment repair expenditures (3,678,624) ( 1 5,049,3 1 3) Other adjustments: Cash from Panama Canal Commission Fund . .

.

289,663,021 Restoration of funds previously withdrawn 105^231 Operating revenues deposited into Panama Canal Commission Fund (112,765,084) 177.003,168 Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Increase in receipt receivables (3,057,444) Increase in funded receivables (2,09 1J6 1) Increase in inventories (1 ,789'780) Decrease in other assets 1 ,505,355

Increase in liabilities 3L284.884 25,851,254

Total adjustments 229,283,769 Net cash provided by/ (used in) operating activities $227,465,528

(Note 8) The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
40 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 5.— Statement of

Fiscal Year Ended

SOURCE OF APPROPRIATIONS:

Operating funds:

Current year operating appropriation $407,088,000

Appropriation Public Law 99-195

(indefinite-funded interest) 13,500,000 420,588,000

Restoration of funds previously withdrawn 105,231

Obligated operating funds brought forward:

Fiscal year 1980 31 1,229

Fiscal years —Merged 4,006,1 16

Fiscal year 1986 5,695,374

Fiscal year 1987 45,645,319

55,658,038

476,351,269

Capital funds:

Current year capital appropriation (no year) 33,715,000

Obligated capital funds brought forward:

Fiscal year 1980 12,070

Fiscal years 1981 through 1987 23,766,934

23,779,004

Unobligated capital funds brought forward (no year):

Fiscal year 1980 8,257

Fiscal years 1981 through 1987 2,298,765 2,307,022

59,801,026

Emergency fund (no year) 10,000,000

TOTAL SOURCE OF APPROPRIATIONS $546,152,295

(Note 10) The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 41

Status of Appropriations

September 30, 1988

APPLICATION OF APPROPRIATIONS:

Appropriations available S546, 152,295

Less appropriate expenditures — 1st Quarter:

Expenditures from operating appropriations:

Fiscal year 1980

Fiscal years —Merged (496,584)

Fiscal year 1986 447,217

Fiscal year 1987 32,653,300

Fiscal year 1988 76,790,735

109,394,668

Expenditures from capital appropriations:

Fiscal year 1980 12.506

Fiscal years 1981 through 1988 5,727,559

5,740,065

115,134,733

Less funds transferred to the revolving fund: From Operations:

Fiscal year 1980 31 1,229

Fiscal year 1980 restored 105,231

Fiscal years —Merged 4,502,700

Fiscal year 1986 5,248,157

Fiscal year 1987 12,992,019

Fiscal year 1988 ." 179,157.285 Emergency fund 10,000,000 212,316,621 From Capital:

Fiscal year 1980 7,821

Fiscal years 1981 and 1988 54,053,140

54,060,961

266,377,582

Less funds returned to the U.S. Treasury 164,639.980 BALANCE OF APPROPRIATIONS, SEPTEMBER 30. 1988 S

(Note 10)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
42 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 6.— Statement of Property, Plant and Equipment

September 30, 1988

Estimated

service

life

Titles and treaty rights 40 years

Interest during construction Canal excavation, fills and embankments. 15-100 years Canal structures and equipment 4-100 years Supporting and general facilities 5-100 years

Facilities held for future use 10-100 years

Plant additions in progress Suspended construction projects TOTAL

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

Cost $14,728,889

50,892,311 347,555,199

317,897,397

131,459,891 2,824,202 30,607,367 40,145,798

Depreciation and valuation

alio nances $5,615,390

50,892,311 131,595,146

151,022,970 83,223,723

2,377,516

40,145,798

$936,111,054 $464,872,854
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 43 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Conversion to a Revolving Fund Agency.

Public Law 100-203, converted the Panama Canal Commission from an

appropriated fund agency to a revolving fund agency effective January I, 1988. This conversion to a revolving fund financial structure did not result in any major change in the accounting policies and principles of the Commission.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The Comptroller General of the United States approved the Accounting

Principles and Standards Statement of the Panama Canal Commission in his letter dated September 14, 1982. A summary of significant accounting

policies follows:

a. Accounting and reporting. As required by section 1311(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-70), hereinafter referred to as the Act, the accounts of the Commission are maintained pursuant to the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950. This requires that the principles,

standards and related requirements be met, as prescribed by the Comptroller

General of the United States, after consulting with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget

concerning their accounting, financial reporting and budgetary needs. The

Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 also requires that the accounts be

maintained on an accrual basis.

b. Cost recovery. As required by section 1341(e)(1) of the Act, the application of generally accepted accounting principles to the Panama

Canal Commission, a United States Government agency comparable to a

rate-regulated public utility, determines the manner in which costs are recognized. The basis for tolls rates is prescribed in section 1602(b) of the Act. This section of the Act, known as the "statutory tolls formula," provides

that:

"Tolls shall be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues

to cover as nearly as practicable all costs of maintaining and

operating the Panama Canal, together with the facilities and

appurtenances related thereto, including unrecovered costs incurred on or after the effective date of this Act, interest,

depreciation, working capital, payments to the Republic of Panama

pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraph 4(a) and (b) of

Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and capital for plant replacement, expansion, and improvements. Tolls shall not be

prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues sufficient to cover payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph

4(c) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977."

Under this statutory tolls formula, any unrecovered costs are to be

recovered from subsequent revenues. The amount for recovery from
44 FINANCIAL REPORT

subsequent revenues is transferred from Invested Capital to an account

within the Other Assets classification. Unrecovered costs are charged back

to Invested Capital to the extent subsequent annual revenues exceed annual

costs.

c. Property, plant and equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, or if acquired from another United States Government

agency, at the value determined by the Director of the Office of Management

and Budget. Administrative and other related general expenses are recovered currently and therefore not capitalized. The cost of minor items of

property, plant and equipment is charged to expense as incurred.

d. Advances for capital. A portion of tolls in excess of depreciation

recoveries may be programmed annually by the Board of Directors for plant

replacement, expansion, or improvements. In fiscal year 1988 no amounts

were programmed for such purpose. Such funds are considered capital

advances from Canal users. Upon utilization, these advances are amortized

through an offset to depreciation expense in an amount calculated to approximate the depreciation on assets acquired with such advances.

e. Depreciation. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over

their estimated service lives at rates computed using a straight-line method

with additional annual depreciation, identified as composite, to provide for premature plant retirements.

The recurring costs of dredging the waterway are charged to expense. Non-recurring dredging costs for substantial improvements and betterments

to the waterway are considered additions to plant and are capitalized and

depreciated over their estimated service lives.

f. Accounts receivable. Uncollectible accounts receivable of the Panama

Canal Commission are recognized as a reduction in revenue when written

off. Any subsequent collections of Commission accounts receivable

previously written off are recorded as revenue.

g. Inventories. Operating materials and supplies are stated at average

cost, plus cost of transportation to the ultimate destination on the Isthmus of

Panama. An allowance has been established to reflect the estimated cost of

obsolete and excess stock.

h. Retirement benefits. Employer payments to the contributory United

States Civil Service Retirement System, to the Federal Employee

Retirement System, and to the Republic of Panama Social Security System

are charged to expense. The Commission has no liability for future payments

to employees under these systems.

Non-United States citizen employees, who retired from predecessor

agencies prior to October 5, 1958, are not covered by the United States Civil Service Retirement System but do receive benefits under a separate annuity

plan. Payments made under this annuity plan are recorded as a current year

expense. Annual amount expended in fiscal year 1988 was $1.3 million. The

Commission's liability for future annuity payments to these former

employees or their eligible widows is reflected in the balance sheet as retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor agencies and

an equal amount is recorded as a deferred charge.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 45

As required by the Act, the Panama Canal Commission is liable for the increase in the unfunded liability of the United States Civil Service

Retirement Fund which is attributable to benefits payabl&from that fund to, or on behalf of, employees and their survivors under the early retirement

provisions of the Act. The annual installment to liquidate the increased

liability is determined by the Office of Personnel Management.

i. Reserve for lock overhauls. A reserve is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of periodic lock overhauls.

j. Reserve for casualty losses. A reserve is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of marine accidents and other

casualty losses.

k. Reserve for floating equipment overhaul. A reserve is provided

through an annual charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of overhauls

to the Commission tugboat fleet.

1. Housing use rights. No monetary value is assigned to the rights

granted to the United States Government by the Republic of Panama to use Canal Area housing transferred to the Government of Panama under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The cost to manage, maintain

and provide livability improvements to these quarters is charged to expense. Rental income is included in other revenues. m. Work injuries compensation benefits. Under provisions of the Act,

the Panama Canal Commission is liable for payment of all benefits due

under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) which provided

compensation for workplace injuries for eligible employees. The

Commission accounts for these costs on an accrual basis.

3. Plant Valuation Allowances.

At July 1, 1951, certain valuation allowances for property, plant and

equipment transferred from the Panama Canal (agency) to the Panama

Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government were established, to reduce to usable value the costs of the assets transferred. At October 1 , 1 979,

such valuation allowances as were applicable to the assets transferred from

the Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government to the Panama Canal Commission were carried forward and are comprised of: (a) $4.5 million at September 30, 1988, to reduce to usable value the cost of

property, plant and equipment transferred; (b) $50.9 million at September 30, 1988, to offset interest costs imputed for the original Canal

construction period; and (c) $42.3 million at September 30, 1988 to offset the cost of defense facilities and suspended construction projects, the latter being principally the partial construction of a third set of locks abandoned in the early part of World War II. 4. Cash and Fund Balances.

The cash balances are maintained to satisfy the solvency requirements as defined in Section 86.6 Office of Management and Budget Circular A-34,

Instructions on Budget Execution, under which the incurring of obligations

in excess of budgetary resources is a violation of the Antideficiency Act. All cash exceeding current operating requirements is kept on deposit with the U.S. Treasury.
46 FINANCIAL REPORT

5. Unrecovered Costs Due From Subsequent Revenues.

Pursuant to the provisions of section 1602(b) of the Panama Canal Act of

1979 (Public Law 96-70), the net loss of $0.6 million from fiscal year 1987

and $1.8 from fiscal year 1988 operations, totalling $2.4 million, were

deferred as an unearned cost to be recovered from subsequent revenues.

Also, in accordance with section 1341(b)(2) of the Act such unearned costs must be recovered from any future net operating revenue due to the Government of Panama.

6. Cost of Work Injuries Compensation.

The Commission administers a program to compensate certain employees

for death and disability resulting from workplace injuries or illnesses as set forth in the Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA). All United

States citizen employees are eligible for coverage, as are non-United States

citizen employees hired prior to October 1, 1979, who elected coverage on

that date. As provided by FECA, employees and certain dependents are

beneficiaries for various periods that can extend to life. The liability and deferred charge recorded in these statements reflect the payments due to a Department of Labor fund established pursuant to Public

Law 100-705. The Department of Labor will be reimbursed from this fund

for all expected future payments for accidents occurring prior to October 1

,

1988, adjusted for inflation and interest earned. This is a change from the

fiscal year 1987 presentation where there was no fund established and the amounts in both accounts were stated at net present value.

7. Interest-Bearing Investment of the United States Government.

The interest-bearing investment of the United States Government in the Panama Canal is determined based on section 1603(a) of the Act. The

interest-bearing investment of the United States Government at September 30, 1988, was determined as follows:

Millions of Dollars Investment at September 30, 1987 $64.7

Fiscal year 1988 transactions: Adjustment for interest accrued 10/1/79-12/31/85 $61.7 Disbursements 433.

1

Receipts . (456.3) Net property transfers (0.4) Net change 38.

1

Investment at September 30, 1988 $102.8

8. Statement of Cash Flows.

Reflected on this statement is the conversion of the Panama Canal

Commission from an appropriated fund agency to a revolving fund agency

three months into fiscal year 1988. As such, the statement identifies appropriated funds received during the first quarter of the fiscal year.

9. Extraordinary Activities. In addition to converting the Panama Canal Commission to a revolving

fund agency, Public Law 100-203, The Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987,
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 47

provided: (a) for restoring $61.7 million to the interest-bearing investment of

the United States Government in the Panama Canal by transferring interest collections prior to January I, 1986 to the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury, and (b) for reimbursement to the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury of the $85.6 million balance of the 1980 appropriation to the Commission.

10. Statement of Status of Appropriations.

This statement reflects the conversion of the Panama Canal Commission

from an appropriated fund agency to a revolving fund agency. As such, the statement identifies: (a) expenditures made by the Commission during the

first quarter operations as an appropriated fund agency, (b) funds

transferred to the revolving fund January 1, 1988 and (c) funds returned to the U.S. Treasury, also as of January 1, 1988.

11. Advances for Capital-Transit Booking System Fees. With the approval of the Board of Directors, a system was activated in

fiscal year 1983 whereby shippers, for a fee, can make an advance reservation

for vessel transit. This system generated funds of $8.5 million in fiscal year

1988. Such funds are considered capital advances from Canal users. By

direction of the Board of Directors, these fees are set aside for capital

improvements. Upon utilization, these advances are amortized through an

offset to depreciation expense in an amount calculated to approximate the depreciation on assets acquired with such advances.

12. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.

In addition to recorded liabilities, the estimated maximum contingent

liability which could result from pending claims and lawsuits was $18.6

million at September 30, 1988. In the opinion of management and

Commission counsel, these pending claims and lawsuits will be resolved with no material adverse effect on the financial condition of the agency. Commitments under uncompleted construction contracts and unfilled purchase orders amounted to $42.2 million at September 30, 1988. Of this amount, $0.1 million in unfilled purchase orders were prepaid as of

September 30, 1988. Cash and negotiable securities of a kind acceptable by the United States Government in the amount of $1 1.6 million were held by the United States depositories designated by the Panama Canal Commission at September 30,

1988 to guarantee payment by third parties of their obligations.

The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, Article XIII, paragraph 4(c), provides

that an annual amount of up to $10 million per year be paid to the Government of Panama out of operating revenues to the extent that such

revenues exceed expenditures. Payment to the Government of Panama is subject to the limitations set forth in section 1341(e) of the Act. In the event operating revenues in any year do not produce a surplus sufficient to cover

this payment, the unpaid balance shall be paid from operating surpluses in future years up to the amount available from these surpluses. As of

September 30, 1988, the balance contingently payable to the Government of

Panama amounts to $81.1 million.
48 FINANCIAL REPORT

13. Borrowing Authority.

The Panama Canal Commission has authority to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury not to exceed $100 million outstanding at any time for any of

the purposes of the Commission. At September 30, 1988 none of this amount had been borrowed.

14. Treaty Impact.

On September 7, 1977, the United States of America and the Republic of

Panama signed the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The Treaty provided for

the establishment of the Panama Canal Commission on October 1, 1979, to assume certain operational responsibilities for the Canal until December 3 1

,

1999. When the Treaty terminates on December 31, 1999, the Republic of

Panama shall assume total responsibility for the management, operation,

and maintenance of the Panama Canal, which shall be turned over in operating condition and free of liens and debts, except as the two parties may

otherwise agree. The effects of these long-range requirements are not considered in the financial statements.
Chapter VI

STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics

49
50 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 1.— Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1979 Through 1988

Total traffic

Fiscal year

I Number

of

Tolls

Long tons of

cargo

Traffic assessed tolls on net tonnage basis

I Number Panama

of Canal net

transits tonnage OCEANGOING COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC '

1979 12,935 208,376,741 154,1 10,866 12,902 167,470,601 1980 13,507 291,838,590 167,214,935 13,476 182,063,175

1981 13,884 301,762,600 171,221,762 13,847 188,656,491 1982 14,009 323,958,366 185,452,332 13,976 202,884,207

1983 11,707 285,983,805 145,590,759 11,668 169,503,918 1984 11,230 286,677,844 140,470,818 11,199 162,335,342 1985 11,515 298,497,802 138,643,243 11,498 168,941,997 1986 11,925 321,073,748 139,945,181 11,901 182,750,830 1987 12,230 328,372,714 148,690,380 12,206 186,414,955

1 988 1 2,234 337,866,2 1

1

1 56,482,64

1

1 2,209 1 9 1 ,505,883 OCEANGOING U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC '

1979 1980

1981 1982

1983

1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1979

1980

1981 1982

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

111

10189

110

125

137 12985

7869

1,054,169 1,515,326

1,241,442

1,546,746

1,721,925 2,388,272

2,223,938

1,553,037

1,384,125

1,361,393

357,482

396,481 301,776

285,451 354,873

329,607 259,524

176,853

205,701 296,140

80

7368

67

77

88

85

5346

46 FREE OCEANGOING TRAFFIC '

106

11 23

14

17

10

135

15

2,504

20

726,755

844,748 705,936

794,282

812,840

1,131,865

1,148,311 708,616 662,286

714,055

4,527

1,686 2,248

5,010 9,119

2,224

2,731 556

2,224

3,312 TOTAL OCEANGOING TRAFFIC '

1979 13,056 209,430,910 154,468,349 12,990 168,201,883 1980 13,614 293,353,916 167,611,416 13,552 182,909,609

1981 13,984 303,004,042 171,523,538 13,919 189,364,675 1982 14,142 325,505,112 185,737,783 14,052 203,683,499

1983 11,846 287,705,730 145,948,136 11,754 170,325,877 1984 11,384 289,066,116 140,800,425 11,291 163,469,431

1 985 11 ,654 300,72 1 ,740 1 38,902,787 1 1 ,587 1 70,093,039 1986 12,023 322,626,785 140,122,034 1 1,955 183,460,002

1 987 12,313 329,756,840 1 48,896,086 1 2,256 1 87,079,465

1988 12,318 339,227,604 156,778,781 12,261 192,223,250

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of mem

transits tonnage

33

3137

3339

31

172424

25

3128

214348

49

4432

32

23

66

62

6590

92

93

67

68

57

57

136,600

137,593 111,418

129,684

132,431 116,335 86,623

73,631 130,129 106,599

207,640

217,055

143,121 309,206

350,699 410,682

248,967

309,161 239,023

129,545

2,194 4,810

8,544

21,903

5,986 21,025

8,771 20,759

1,300 16,765

346,434

359,458

263,083 460,793 489,116

548,042

344,361 403,551 370,452 252,909
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 51

Fiscal year

1979 1980

198! 1982

1983

1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1979

1980

1981 1982

1983

1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1979

1980

1981 1982

1983

1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

Table 1.— Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1979 Through 1988 (Continued)

Total traffic Traffic assessed tolls on net tonnage basis

I Number

of

transits Tolls

Long tons of

cargo

I Number

of

transits

Panama

Canal net tonnage SMALL COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC 3 936

788

791 830

810

802

793 912

852 844

76,591 74,898 65,604

73,228

73,887

76,921 73,710

89,577 90,829

79,805

7,718 787

1,355 928

669

652

468

3,704

3,282

1,422

934

787

788 826

810

800

792 904

852

842

69,229

52,052 44,962

50,399 48,033

48,008

45,694

55,249

55,827 49,245 SMALL U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC 3 315

276

225

241 242

241 273

316 236

246

55

4750

585696

46

27

43

33

14,375 15,129

10,712 10,757

11,406

11,998 12,464

17,840

11,106

11,917

4K

24

16

1212

8

152d25

21 SMALL FREE TRAFFIC 2 3

3 47

414140

39

Kh

3220

26

15

70

854

3SO

57

2,865

1,357 751 415

332

336

773 627

987

901

2,160

2,317 2,613

2,803

2,321 4,637

1,721

1,371 1,451

1,081 TOTAL PANAMA CANAL TRAFFIC

1979 14,362 1980 14,725

1981 15,050 1982 15,271 1983 12,954 1984 12,523 1985 12,766 1986 13,278 1987 13,444 1988 13,441

209,521,876

293,443,943 303,080,358

325,589,097

287,791,023

289,155,035 300,807,914

322,734,202

329,858,775 339,319,326

154,476,079

167,612,203

171,524,895

185,738,781 145,948,818

140,801,136

138,903,258

140,125,818

148,899,425

156,780,203

14,019

14,409 14,764

14,930

12,615

12,185 12,426

12,899

13,159

13,139

168,276,137

182,965,335

189,413,001 203,737,116

170,376,563 163,522,412

170,141,227

183,517,249 187,137,730

192,274,477

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of ment

transits tonnage

267

247 209 229

230

233

258 296

211 225

343 316

286

341 339

338 340

379

285 302

94

57 279

315

145 110 470M

15,519

14,313

10,431 10,973

11,177 11,282

11,113

16,407 9,572

10,375

632

560

1,012

1,172 2,010

1,360

1,103 674

1,012

1,189

362,679

374,388

274,805 473,253

502,303 560,829

356,687 421,102

381,036

264,537

1 Oceangoing traffic includes ships of 300 net tons and over. Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and

over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

•' Free traffic includes ships of the Colombian and Panamanian Governments and ships transiting for repair by the Commission.

' Includes vessels under 300 net tons, Panama Canal measurement (or under 500 displacement tons for vessels assessed on

displacement tonnage).
52 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 53

Table 3.— Canal Traffic , by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1988

Measured tonnage Number of

Flag transits Antigua-Barbuda 10 Argentina 6 Austria I Bahamas 295 Barbados 6 Belgium 50 Bermuda 5 Brazil 43

Bulgaria 9 Burma 24 Canada 4 Cayman Islands II Chile 74 Colombia 160 Costa Rica 2 Cuba 148 Cyprus 641 Czechoslovakia I Denmark 201 Dominican Republic 2 East Germany 52 Ecuador 389

El Salvador 2 Faroes 2 Finland 3 France 59

Gibraltar 1 Greece 685 Guatemala 9 Honduras 29 Hong Kong 14 India 43

Israel 69

Italy 84 Jamaica 4 Japan . . .' 862 Kuwait 27 Lebanon 2 Liberia 1 ,280 Malaysia 22 Maldive Island 1 Malta 54 Mauritius I Mexico 102 Morocco 12 Netherlands-Antilles 2 Netherlands 241 New Zealand 3 Nicaragua 3 Nigeria 4 Norway 1 55 Panama 2,500

People's Republic of China 163 Peru 134

Philippines 359 Poland 87

Portugal 6 Qatar 5 Samoa 3 Saudi Arabia 4

Seychelles 2 Sierra Leone 1 Singapore 266 Somali Republic 3 South Korea 191 Spain 51 Sn Lanka 41

St. Vincent & Grenadines 16 Sweden 53 Switzerland 9

Syria 2 Taiwan 173 Thailand I Toga

Turkey 21 Tuvaluan I United Arab Emirates 1 United Kingdom 460

United Slates 636

1 Panama
54 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 3.— Canal Traffic 1 by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1988—Continued

Measured tonnage Num- I Panama Long

ber of Canal Registered tons of

Flag transits net gross 2 Tolls cargo USSR 618 4,741,737 5,572,050 8,317,829 2,742,703 Vanuatu 61 321,928 306,891 587,410 310,750 Venezuela Ill 485,895 534,219 868,373 355,665 West Germany 231 2,821,004 3,302,995 5,149,067 1,866,519 Yugoslavia [08 1,446,385 1,777,623 2,618,168 1,756,798 Total 12,234 191,478,087 199,619,367 $337,866,211 156,482,641

1 Includes only commercial vessels of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

: Includes 14 transits where no registered tonnage was reported. NOTE.—In Canal traffic statistics, foreign naval vessels such as transports, supply ships, tankers, etc., with a measurement of 300 net tons (Panama Canal measurement) and over, and vessels of war, dredges,

etc., with a displacement of 500 tons and over, are classified as oceangoing commercial vessels. Statistics on

these vessels, except as related to displace-ment tonnage, have been included in the table above. As

displacement tonnage cannot be combined with net tonnage, the following table shows statistics covering

25 vessels which transited the Canal during fiscal year 1988 and paid tolls on displacement tonnage.

Flag Type Argentina Navy

Brazil Navy

Chile Navy

Ecuador Navy

France Navy

France Dredge Mexico Navy Panama Dredge

Peru Navy

Portugal Navy

Spain Navy

Sweden Navy

United Kingdom Navy

Total

Statistics compiled by Office of Executive Planning.

Num-

56 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 57

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58 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 5.— Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1988

I Number of

Flag transits Antigua-Barbuda 6 Argentina 4 Austria 1 Bahamas 240 Barbados 6 Belgium 43 Bermuda 5 Brazil 41 Bulgaria 6 Burma 22 Canada 2 Cayman Islands 9

Chile 59 Colombia 143 Costa Rica Cuba 115 Cyprus 556

Czechoslovakia 1 Denmark 182 Dominican Republic 1 East Germany 40 Ecuador 296

El Salvador

Faroes 2 Finland 2 France 52

Gibraltar Greece 572 Guatemala 7 Honduras 20 Hong Kong 12 India 32

Israel 69

Italy 79 Jamaica 2 Japan 628 Kuwait 27 Lebanon 2 Liberia 1,077 Malaysia 21 Maldive Island 1 Malta 32

Nauritius 1 Mexico 55 Morocco 6

Netherland-Antilles 2 Netherlands 200 New Zealand

Nicaragua 3 Nigeria 4 Norway 1 33 Panama 2,049

People's Republic of China 153 Peru 112

Philippines 322 Poland 83

Portugal 4 Qatar 5 Samoa 3 Saudi Arabia 2 Seychelles 2 Sierra Leone I Singapore 220 Somali Republic 3 South Korea 171 Spain 44

Sri l.anka 33

St. Vincent & Granadines 15 Sweden 49

Switzerland 8 Syria 1 Taiwan 1 68 Thailand 1 Toga 6 Turkey 15 Tuvaluan

United Arab Emirates I

Panama

Canal net tonnage

17,163 35,809

28,421 3,265,875

15,232 898,627

61,761 587,890

56,860 367,110

7,316 91,328 647,327

1,331,496

730,96 i 6,475,252

11,716 4,371,277 8,454 269,234

2,635,214 2J32

18,395 1,066,500

"'8,950,773 24,528

94,541 239,224 643,504

1,399,264

1,028,231 3,438 11,098,139 325,950

9,000 21,055,294 404,020

9,711 599,841

17,324

1,063,089 27,438

5,590

2,272,760

5,282

19,496 2,501,928 34,370,079

2,987,379

1,171,396 6,036,299 748,788 99,446

60,935

27,597

13,025 2,820 532

4,637,735

27,945

3,724,474 251,769 445,904

200,517

1,927,952 199,490 3,500

4,556,058

11,761 41,878 215,233

12,263

Tolls

I Number of

transits $31,408 4 65,530 1 52,010

5,976,551 55 27,875

1,644,487 7 113,023

1,075,839 1 104,054 3 671,811 2

13,388 2 167,130 2

1,184,608 14 2,436,638 172

1,337,659 33

11,849,711 85

21,440

7,999,436

15,471 492,698

4,822,442

19

12 89

2 3,902 33,663 1 1,951,695 2

1 16,379,915 113 44,886 2 173,010 9 437,780 2 1,177,612 11 2,560,653

1,881,663 5 6,292 2

20,309,594 234

596,488

16,470 38,504,924 203

739,357 1 17,771 1,097,709 22

31,703

1,945,453 45

50,212 6

10,230

4.159.151 41

3 9,666

35,678

4,578,528 22

62,897,244 450

5,466,904 10 2,143,655 19 11,046,427 37

1,370,282 4

181,986

111,511 50,503 23,836 2

5,161 974

8,487,055 46

51,139

6,815,788 20

460,737 6 816,004 8 366,946 1 3.528.152 2 365,067 1 6,405 1 8,337,586 5 21,523

76,637 1 393,876 6

1

Panama

Canal net tonnage

9,908

6,383

77,716

13,097 28,430

20,268

3,968 2,246 77,553 91,106

5,880

106,388 748,676

' 196,666 8,454 72,430

1,048,494 2,286

11,556 29,046

361

1,816,172 7,008 30,185 25,002

183,615

32,502

3,438 7,005,079

4,603,436 25,154

914,973

27,438

275,560

3,527

301,700

8,147,059 235,441

289,761 645,467

13,168

Tolls $14,466

9,319

13,025

1,029,279

676,049

28,690

76,876 4,274 71,960

31,177

3,500

55,371

7,483 71,272 703

721,297

113,465

19,122 41,508

29,591 5,793 3,279

113,227

133,015

8,585 155,326

1,093,067

22,441

287,036

12,343 105,748

1,530,801 3,338

16,872 42,407 527

2,651,611 10,232 44,070

36,503 268,078

47,453

5,019

10,227,415

6,701,336

36,725

729,747

1,335,861 40,059

402,318

5,149

440,482

11,894,706 343,744

423,051 942,382

19,225

1,502,747

987,032

41,887

112,239

6,240

105,062 45,518

5,110 80,842

10,925 104,057

1,026
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 59

Table 5.— Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1988— Continued

1 Num-
60 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 61

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62 STATISTICAL TABLES
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 63

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64 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 65 o —

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66 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 67

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68 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 69

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70 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 71

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72 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 73

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74 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 75

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76 STATISTICAL TABLES

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si

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78 STATISTICAL TABLES

X

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 79

Q O ~ ^ W\ ^ w-i O O 00
80 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Toluene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn Lumber and products

Plywood, veneers, composition board Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous , All other and unclassified , Total

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous , All other and unclassified , Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley Corn

Rice

Fiscal year

1988
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 81

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

1987 EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA Continued

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash—Continued Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous .... Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Fishmeal Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Tallow

All other and unclassified Total
82 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA Continued

GrainsCorn

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories, and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Infusorial earth Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Nitrate of soda

Phosphates

Potash

Ores and metals OresOther and unclassified Metals Aluminum

Copper

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Copra and coconuts

Cotton, raw

Oilseeds

Fiscal year

1988
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 83

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Other agricultural commodities Continued

Peas, dry

Rubber, raw

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil , Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous , Bricks and tile , Carbon black

Clay, fire, and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Resin Rubber, manufactured

Tallow

Textiles All other and unclassified Total

1987

12
84 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

r EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO BALBOA,

R.P. —Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Oil, vegetable Tallow

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .

.

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene Toulene

Petroleum coke, miscellaneous Coal and coke

GrainsCorn

Rice Soybeans

Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

.

Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus , Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous .

,

Minerals, miscellaneous , Salt Soda and compounds , Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates Potash

Ores anmd metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Oil, vegetable Paper and products

Fiscal year

1987

1

1
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 85

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1988 1987 1986 I EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIA—

Continued Miscellaneous—Continued

Kesin 1 1 1 All other and unclassified 473 45

1

422

Total

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda 1 63 151 63

Chemicals, unclassified 1,979 1,860 1,404 Benzene 106 58 7 Toulene 122 133 1 Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous 1 ,075 644 498 Coal and coke 4,812 5,669 7,000 Coal 4,732 5,610 7,000 Coke 80 59 Grains 28,701 26,277 17,665 Barley 91 110 106 Corn 14,939 14,881 8,215 Oats 1 Rice 33 15

2,231
86 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA—

Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous—Continued

MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans . .

.

Molasses

Oilseeds Sugar

Other and unclassified .... Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified .... Miscellaneous Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous .

.

Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products . Resin Rubber, manufactured

Tallow

Textiles Tobacco and manufactures Wax, paraffin

All other and unclassified .

Fiscal year

1988

Total EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Manufactures of iron and steel Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous .

.

Metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and products

All other and unclassified Total

1987 1986

1,821
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 87

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons)

Fiscal year EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST CENTRA1

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous , GrainsWheat

Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash

Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

Resin

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fish Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... GrainsSoybeans

14

1

1
88 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA—Continued

Grains—Continued Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures or iron and steel, miscellaneous ....

Nitrates, phosphates and potash, miscellaneous. .

.

Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Paper and paper products

Resin

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous ....

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Liquefied gas Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash, miscellaneous Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year

1988

252
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 89

Table 10. — Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long Ions]

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO BALBOA, R.P

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee Sugar

Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Petroleum products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and products

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CANADA:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year

1988
90 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Coal

GrainsSoybeans

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 91

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO BALBOA,

R.P. Continued

Petroleum and products Continued

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO HAWAII:

Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO OCEANIA:

Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Ftst "l yem

1987
92 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

1988 WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Nitrates, phosphates and potash, miscellaneous Ores and metals

Ore, alumina/ bauxite Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST CENTRAL

AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Nitrates, phosphates and potash, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Nitrates, phosphates and potash, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual

1988
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 93

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[

I bousandi ol long ions]

Fiscal year WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA

Continued

Petroleum and products Continued

Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO BALBOA, R.P.: Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO HAWAII:

Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Total WEST INDIES TO OCEANIA:

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Petroleum and products Gasoline

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Fish, refrigerated Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash, miscellaneous Ores and metals Ores Alumina, bauxite Other and unclassified Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

70
94 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST INDIES TO ASIA—Continued

Other agricultural commodities—Continued

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Petroleum products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .

.

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Nitrate of soda

Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Glass and glassware

Liquors and wines Marble and stone Paper and paper products .

173

3

3

1 553

35 359

8 10546

328

51 220

47

10 26

6 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 95

Table 10. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Rubber, manufactured

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Liquors and wines

All other and unclassified Total

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn

Rice Wheat

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil

IV86

1
96 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA

Continued

Petroleum and products—Continued

Diesel oil Gasoline Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . .

.

Miscellaneous Cement

Glass and glassware

Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk

Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods Dairy products Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains

Barley Oats Wheat

Rice Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

1987

77
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 97

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

1987 EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Continued

Potash Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Fuel oil, residual Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Ammunition and explosives

Bricks and tile Cement

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous . .

.

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . Construction machinery and equipment . . . Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils

8
98 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EUROPE TO OCEANIA—Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel —Continued

Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash • Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Lubricating oil Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Rubber, manufactured

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

EUROPE TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene , Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

1 14

12

1

13 147

12 46

50

41

1987

7
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 99

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons)

AFRICA TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals MetalsOther and unclassified Ores Manganese ore Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Gasoline

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Grains Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

AFRICA TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, arid potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO OCEANIA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total
100 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1988 1987 AFRICA TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods

Fish, refrigerated Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

ASIA (MIDDLE EAST) TO WEST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

38
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 101

Table 11. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products

Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

CANADA:

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, Milk

Refrigerated foods Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type GrainsOther and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts .... Agricultural machinery and implements

Construction machinery and equipment

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax

/ heal liar

1988
102 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Minerals, miscellaneous—Continued

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Infusorial earth

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Nitrate of soda Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton

Peas, dried Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china Tallow Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Grains

Rice Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified , Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals , Chemicals, unclassified , Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous , Coal and coke , Grains , Barley ,

76

31 10161

3130

205

157

1987

54

784

83

195

125

1986
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 103

Table M. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

(Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPE

Continued

Grains —Continued

Rice Wheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board . . . Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax

Salt Soda and sodium compound

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

Zinc , Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead

Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Molasses

Peas, dry Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross

All other and unclassified Total

1987

126
104 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal vear WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO AFRICA

Continued

Grains

Barley Rice Wheat

Lumber and products, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Infusorial earth

Salt Sulfur Soda and sodium compound

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Ores and metals Ores Lead

Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

1987

2,184
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 105

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long ions)

WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigferated foods, miscellaneous Coal

Grains

Barley

Wheat '.'.'.'.'.'. Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Potash Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CANADA TO WEST INDIES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash, miscellaneous . .

.

Other agricultural acommodities, miscellaneous . .

.

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Coal

Grains

Barley

FUi nl year

1 52
106 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal vear WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE—Continued

Grains—Continued Wheat

Other and unclassified 52 Lumber and products 3,421 Boards and planks 1,832 Plywood, veneers, composition board 105 Pulpwood 1,339 Other and unclassified 145 Minerals, miscellaneous 320

Asbestos 3 Borax 315

Sulfur 2

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash 24 Potash

Fishmeal 1 Fertilizer, unclassified 23 Ores and metals 1 19 Ores 62 Copper 56 Lead 2 Zinc 4 Other and unclassified Metals 57 Aluminum 4 Copper 27 Lead 17 Zinc 9 Other agricultural commodities 84

Beans, edible 2 Oilseeds 50

Peas, dry 32

Coffee Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous 624 Marble and stone 6 Paper and paper products 269

Seeds, excluding oilseeds 3 Tallow 21

All other and unclassified 235

Total 5,939 WEST COAST CANADA TO AFRICA:

Coal 86

Grains 1 17 Wheat 117 Lumber and products 161 Boards and planks 161 Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous 2,724

221
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 107

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA Continued

Minerals, miscellaneous— Continued Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash

Miscellaneous Paper and products

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CANADA TO ASIA (MIDDLE EAST):

Grains

Barley

Wheat

Lumber and products, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Tubes, pipes and fittings Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Ores and metals OresOther and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

/ i\, al vtat

40

1616

mx7

8 7 167 205

201 193 40 5

5
108 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

1987 WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA

Chemicals, miscellaneous Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsOther and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizer, unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn Sorghum

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Ores and metals OresCopper

MetalsAluminum

Copper

Scrap Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Gasoline

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST INDIES: Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

76
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 109

Table 11. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long ions] WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST

INDIES Continued Canned and refrigerated foods -Continued

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal Other agricultural commodities

Molasses

Sugar, raw

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products, miscellaneous

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

Rice

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish .;; Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified GrainsWheat

' Lumber and products Boards and planks Manufactures of iron and steel Tubes, pipes and fittings Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Ores and metals OresCopper

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee

I is, u/ i rur

IVHH

126

1
110 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

1988 1987 WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPE

Continued

Other agricultural commodities—Continued

Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds

Peas, dried Sugar

Petroleum and products Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous

oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Textiles Tobacco and manufacture

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO AFRICA

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks Manufactures of iron and steel Wires, bars and rods Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

25
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 111

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

I I In. ii ..iii. !

. of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES-Continued

Lumber and products—Continued Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Iron Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Fibers, plant Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable Paper and products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

19
112 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Nitrate of soda

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Petroleum and products Crude oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Paper and products

All other and unclassified Total

1987

11
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 113

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons)

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA Continued

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee

Peas, dry

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Gasoline Miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST INDIES: Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified GrainsSoybeans

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Tubes, pipes and fittings Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous . Paper and products

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year

94

39 48

21

1986

90

27

312
114 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Lead

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds Sugar

Wool, raw

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, fish Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

1,22116 1,205

10 523

4

18

1

12 68

24

4

1 551

1987 1,0919 1,082

555 "is

1277

18

5 495

941

9 932

433
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 115

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

r HAWAII TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Coal and coke Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Chrome

Iron Lead Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, coconut

All Other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

/ i\,al irar

256
116 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CANADA—Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued Meat

Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Ores and metals Manganese ore

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum and products

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods , Canned foods, miscellaneous , Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous , Ores and metals , Ores, miscellaneous , Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish, Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Gasoline

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

1988
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 117

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Grains

Barley Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Other and unclassified MetalsOther and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Copra

Molasses

Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Sugar

Wool, raw

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable

Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow

All other and unclassified Total

ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Refrigerated foods

Fruit, refrigerated Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Toulene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type Grains

Rice

Fiscal year

1988

220

58

44 997

6

1987

14559

6 380

295
118 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATP« —

Continued Lumber and products Boards and planks , Plywood, veneers, composition board

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment , Agricultural machinery

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks, and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Copra

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude petroleum

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Clay, fire and china

701
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 119

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long ions)

ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES

Continued

Miscellaneous— Continued

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Porcelainware Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin

All other and unclassified Total

2 29

416

5

64

4,963

14,752

I7

18

21

1 6

I5 5,342

13,841

26

78

5,650

14,210

ASIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous . Lumber and products Other and unclassified , Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment .

.

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils .... Tubes, pipes, and fittings . .

.

Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite .... Chrome

Copper

Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Other agricultural commodities Cotton

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified . Total

ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type Grains

24

156

146

104

1 I

13 42

10

10 20

15 70

135
120 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

tiscal year

ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued

Grains—Continued

Rice Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cotton

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Petroleum and products Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous Carbon black

Fibers, plant Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin

All other and unclassified Total

1987

17 43 32 46

1 1 22 16 19 4 4 2

8 7 8 5 3

3 1 17 64 79 130

1 3 32 48 44

11 5 51

15 19 18

5 4 17

17 22

17 22

33 21 66

26 14 65

2 9 24 14 56 I 7 1_

1 2

2 3 1 4 2

16 16 2

9 4

8

7 4 2 22

22

127 180 160

1

12 1 1

1 5 8

1 1 2

1 120 173 149 404 408 445

ASIA TO CRISTOBAL, R.P.: Machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

2
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 121

Table 11. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long Ions]

ASIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fish Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

GrainsCorn

Rice Soybeans

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Fishmeal Phosphates

Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Rubber, raw

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Gasoline Kerosene Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Fibers, plant Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Flu ill \fur IMS 19H7 1VX6 28 20 37

12 10

' 21 16 10 [6

13 9 15

2 1

I

I 6 18

10 5 II [63 [17 [34

1 133 107 126 29 10 7

I 282 266 233 267 240 204

10 10 14

5 6 15 10 [42 [58 233

3 1 131 147 206

2 4

4 3 6

2 3

21 84 137 [96

7 15 5 2 4

41 65 66

12 15 29

11 24 66

II 14 30

13 6 35

11
122 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO WEST INDIES—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Paper and paper products Porcelainware

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin

All other and unclassified Total

ASIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type Lumber and products Boards and planks

Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cotton

Oilseeds Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Wax, paraffin

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year

1988
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 123

Table 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1988

[Long Ions]

Atlantic Commodity to Pacific Ammonium compounds 520,835 Asbestos 17,115 Asphalt 51,593 Automobiles, trucks, and accessories 321,955 Bananas 16,258 Barley 123,681 Beans, edible 44,557 Benzene 128,843 Borax 1,395 Bricks and tile 16,938 Canned food products 88,333 Carbon black 38,546 Caustic soda 975,891 Cement 150,314 Chemicals, petroleum various 1,31 2,639 Chemicals, various 2,940,564

Clay, fire and china 472,349 Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) 5,390,189 Cocoa and cacao beans 31 ,822 Coffee 18,526 Coke, petroleum 1 ,098,250 Copra and coconuts Corn 16,164,975 Cotton, raw 24,807

Fertilizers, various 2,700,389

Fibers, plant 7,641 Fishmeal 1 1,495 Flour, wheat 185,469 Gasoline 2,009,286 Glass and glassware 17,299 Grains, various 332,210

Groceries, various 30,259

Infusorial earth 571

Jet fuel 1,006,546 Kerosene 59,344

Liquefied gas 1,092,452 Liquors 9,192 Lumber and products (excluding pulpwood) 541,636 Machinery, agricultural 45,804 Machinery, construction 73,062 Machinery, electrical 47,316 Machinery, various 42,828 Manufactures of iron and steel 2,736,466 Metal, aluminum 415,217

Metal, copper 1 3,699 Metal, iron 105,041 Metal, scrap 2,120,827

Metals, various (including tinplate) 71 ,436 Molasses 11 ,050 Nitrate of soda 51 ,727 Oats 5,833

Oil, coconut 4,202

Oil, crude 2,819.893

Oil, diesel 1,416,052

Oil, fish 2,165

Oil, lube 655,901

Oil, residual fuel 1,557,314

Oil, vegetable 154,907

Pacific
124 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1988—

Continued

[Long tons]

Commodity to Pacific Oilseeds 71 559

Ore, alumina/ bauxite 177,905 Ore, copper 38,982

Ore, iron 133,146

Ores, various 385,646 Paper and paper products 911 ? 420 peas, dry '645 Petroleum and products, various 84,650 Phosphates 6,725^045 Potash 279,807 Pulpwood 1 , 1 29 1 23

Refrigerated food products (excluding

bananas) 74 1

, 1 39 Resin [[[[ 104,667 Rlce 97,507 Rubber, manufactured 15,843 Rubber, raw 4'219

Salt 41,'408 Seeds, excluding oilseeds 738

Slag, clinkers, and dross 10,500 Soda and sodium compounds 74^877 Sorgh um 2,163,'l88 Soybeans 6,871,310 Sugar 2,212,779 Sulfur 8 600 Tallow 79,869

Textiles 15237 Tobacco and manufactures 938 Toluene 164,081 Wax, paraffin 7 050 w; heat '....'.'. 6,997,053 Wool, raw 1113

A11 other .!!!!!!!! 11,123,287 Total 90,978,335

Pacific
125

Other Statistics

Table 13. —Water Supply and Usage

MADDEN AND GATUN LAKE WATER SUPPLY:

Total runoff. Madden Lake Basin , Evaporation from Madden Lake , Available for Madden Lake usage Municipal water use Madden Lake

Available for downstream usage

Total runoff, Gatun Lake (area below Madden) . . Subtotal Evaporation from Gatun Lake

Available for Gatun watershed usage MADDEN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power

Leakage

Spillway discharge

Municipal

Total Madden Lake usage GATUN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power

Lockages, Gatun and Pedro Miguel

Municipal and other usages Spillway discharge Total Gatun Lake usage

/ heal
126 OTHER STATISTICS

Table 15.— Electrical Power Generated

(Gigawatt hours) '

Generation: Gatun hydro station Madden hydro station Thermal generating stations

Gross generated by Panama Canal Commission

Less station service usage Net total generated by Panama Canal Commission

Power Purchases: Through interconnect from Panama

Net Energy received for Wheeling Power Sales: Through interconnect to Panama

Net power generated and purchases for Canal area only

Other power generated by military for own use Total Canal area requirements Power distributed to Comission's customers Transmission and Distribution losses Peak load (thousands of kilowatts) Date of peak load Canal area load factor 2

1 One gigawatt hour equal to 1 million kilowatt hours.

2 Total Canal area requirements divided by number of hours per year times peak load

Fiscal


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