1 |EnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergyeere.energy.govPublicMeeting:PortableAirConditionersTestProceduresandEnergyConservationStandardsMarch18,2015BryanBerringerDepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgramEERE‐2014‐BT‐TP‐0014PortableAC2014TP0014@ee.doe.govRonaldB.MajetteDepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgramEERE‐2013‐BT‐STD‐0033PortableAC2013STD0033@ee.doe.gov2Welcome•Introductions(aroundtheroom)•RoleoftheFacilitator•GroundRules–Speakoneatatime.–Sayyournamefortherecord– therewillbeacompletetranscriptofthismeeting.–Beconcise– sharethe‘air‐time’.–Keepthefocushere– cellphonesonsilent;limitsidebarconversations.–Webinarparticipantsturnphoneonmute;“raiseyourhand”toberecognizedtospeak.•HousekeepingItems•AgendaReview•OpeningRemarks3AgendaTestProcedures:9:00AM IntroductionsforTestProcedures9:15AMStakeholderOpeningStatements9:30AMRegulatoryHistory9:45AMCoveredProducts10:00AMTestProcedureProposals11:00AM Break11:30AMCompliance12:00PMClosingRemarksforTestProcedures12:00– 1:00PM LunchBreakStandards:1:00PM IntroductionsforStandards1:30PM MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening4Agenda(con’t)Standards(con’t):1:45PM EngineeringAnalysis2:15PM PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis2:30PM MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis2:45PM Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis3:00PM ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis3:15PM OverviewofNOPRAnalysesandNextSteps3:30PM ClosingCommentsfromParticipants3:45PMClosingRemarksforStandards5PublicMeetingTopicsforTestProcedures1Introductions2Stakeholder Opening Statements3Regulatory History4Covered Products5Appendix CC Proposals6Compliance7Closing Remarks6ListeningViatheWebcast•TheDepartmentisbroadcastingthismeetingliveovertheInternet.•DOEisprovidingthewebcasttoaccommodatestakeholdersthatareunabletoattendthepublicmeetinginperson.•Thewebbroadcastallowsstakeholderstolisteninandviewtheslides.•Allstakeholdersareencouragedtosubmitwrittencommentsafterthepublicmeeting.7PurposeofthePublicMeeting•PresentDOE’sissuespertainingtotestproceduresandenergyconservationstandardsforPortableAirConditioners(ACs).•Invitecommentonthenoticeofproposedrulemaking(NOPR)documentfortestproceduresandpreliminaryanalysisforstandards.•Discussnextstepsintherulemakings.•Inviteparticipantstoprovidesummarycommentsorstatementsandraiseadditionalissuesfordiscussion.8StepsintheTestProcedureRulemaking•NOPRissuedbyDOEonFebruary12,2015•NOPRpublishedintheFederalRegisteronFebruary25,2015(80FR10211)•NOPRPublicMeetingtoday,March18,2015•CommentsonNOPRfrominterestedparties•Transcriptrecordsoralcommentsfromtoday’spublicmeeting•Writtencomments(commentperiodclosesMay11,2015)•DOEreviewsandconsidersallcomments•FinalRulePublication•TheFinalRuleisexpectedtobeissuedbyDecember31,2015,shouldDOEdeterminetoclassifyportableACsasacoveredproduct.FinalRuleNOPR9PublicMeetingTopicsforTestProcedures1Introductions2Stakeholder Opening Statements3Regulatory History4Covered Products5Appendix CC Proposals6Compliance7Closing Remarks10OpeningRemarksMeetingparticipantsareinvitedtoprovideopeningremarksorstatementsatthistime.11IssuesforDiscussionIssue“boxes”correspondtothelistofissuesforwhichtheDepartmentseekscomments.Issue Box: DOE welcomes comments, data, andinformation concerning portable ACs. Whetherinvited by an issue box or not, comments arewelcome on any part of DOE’s analysis.12PublicMeetingTopicsforTestProcedures1Introductions2Stakeholder Opening Statements3Regulatory History4Covered Products5Appendix CC Proposals6Compliance7Closing Remarks13RegulatoryHistory:PortableACTestProcedures•TherearecurrentlynoportableACtestproceduresorenergyconservationstandards.•DOEissuedanoticeofproposeddetermination(NOPD)ofcoverageonJuly5,2013.(78FR40403)•DOEtentativelydeterminedthatportableACsmeettheEnergyPolicyandConservationAct(EPCA)coveredproductscriteria:–NecessaryforpurposesofEPCA–AverageU.S.householdenergyuselikelyexceeds100kWh.•DOEpublishedanoticeofdataavailability(NODA)onMay9,2014thatevaluatedindustrytestproceduresandothermodifiedapproaches.(79FR26639)•Concurrenttothistestprocedurerulemaking,DOEconductedapreliminaryanalysistoconsiderestablishingenergyconservationstandardsforportableACs(tobediscussedinthisafternoon’smeeting).InthisNOPR,DOEproposestoestablishportableACtestproceduresinanewAppendix CC.14PublicMeetingTopicsforTestProcedures1Introductions2Stakeholder Opening Statements3Regulatory History4Covered Products5Appendix CC Proposals6Compliance7Closing Remarks15PortableACDefinition•DOEproposestodefineaportableairconditioneras:Anencasedassembly,otherthana“packagedterminalairconditioner”,“roomairconditioner”,or“dehumidifier”,designedasaportableunitfordeliveringcooled,conditionedairtoanenclosedspace,thatispoweredbyasinglephaseelectriccurrent,whichmayrestonthefloororotherelevatedsurface.Itincludesasourceofrefrigeration,andmayincludemeansforaircirculationandheating.•DOEalsoproposestoclarifyproductconfigurations:Single‐Duct– aportableairconditionerthatdrawsallofthecondenserinletairfromtheconditionedspacewithoutthemeansofaduct,anddischargesthecondenseroutletairoutsidetheconditionedspacethroughasingleduct.Dual‐Duct– aportableairconditionerthatdrawssomeorallofthecondenserinletairfromoutsidetheconditionedspacethroughaduct,andmaydrawadditionalcondenserinletairfromtheconditionedspace.Thecondenseroutletairisdischargedoutsidetheconditionedspacebymeansofaseparateduct.SpotCooler– aportableairconditionerthatdrawscondenserinletairfromanddischargescondenseroutletairtotheconditionedspace,anddrawsevaporatorinletairfromanddischargesevaporatoroutletairtoalocalizedzonewithintheconditionedspace.16PortableACConfigurations– Ctd.•AlthoughspotcoolerswouldmeettheproposeddefinitionofportableAC,DOEisnotconsideringatestprocedureforspotcoolersatthistime.1Capacity is reported by the manufacturerand based on current industry test methods.2Based on vendor sizing charts.PortableACConfiguration Single‐andDual‐DuctSpotCoolers(nocondenserducts)CoolingCapacityRange15,000to14,000Btu/h >14,000Btu/hWeight>50pounds >100poundsIntended ApplicationRooms<525feet2LargeSpaces/HarshApplicationsPrimaryConstructionMaterialPlastic MetalCondensateCollectionAuto‐Evaporation InternalCollection/DrainMarketShare~98.5% ~1.5%17IssueforDiscussionProduct Type DefinitionsDOE seeks comment on the proposed definitions for portable ACs andtheir specific configurations.DOE seeks comment on the proposalthat spot coolers would not betested under the proposed test procedure.18PublicMeetingTopicsforTestProcedures1Introductions2Stakeholder Opening Statements3Regulatory History4Covered Products5Appendix CC Proposals6Compliance7Closing Remarks19PortableACModesIdentifiedOff‐CycleModeCoolingHeatingAirCirculationDehumidificationInactiveBucket‐FullOffActiveModeStandbyandOffModes20ActiveMode– ProposedDefinitionsActiveMode–•Portable ACis connectedtoamainspowersource•Hasbeenactivated•Isperformingthemainfunctionsof:coolingorheatingtheconditionedspace,circulatingairthroughactivationofitsfanorblowerwithoutactivationoftherefrigerationsystem,ordefrostingtherefrigerantcoil.CoolingMode–•Has activatedthemaincoolingfunctionaccordingtothethermostatortemperaturesensorsignal•Has activatedtherefrigerationsystem,orhasactivatedthefanorblowerwithoutactivationoftherefrigerationsystem.HeatingMode–•Hasactivatedthemainheatingfunctionaccordingtothethermostatortemperaturesensorsignal,includingactivatingaresistanceheater,therefrigerationsystemwithareverserefrigerantflowvalve,orthefanorblowerwithoutactivationoftheresistanceheaterorrefrigerationsystem.21OtherActiveModesAdditionalactivemodesidentifiedbutnotseparatelymeasuredintheproposal:AirCirculationMode•Consumerinitiated•Maincoolingorheatingfunctiondisabled•Fanorbloweroperatingeithercyclicallyorcontinuouslytocirculateairintheconditionedspace•NotincludedbecauseDOElacksinformationontheconsumerusageofthisfeatureDryorDehumidificationMode•Operationautomaticallyadjustedtomaximizelatentratherthansensibleheatremoval(e.g.reducedevaporatorblowerspeed)•Ductsetupmodifiedanddrainsetuprequired.•Notincludedbecause:•Notaprimarymodeofoperation(i.e.lowimpactonannualenergyconsumption)•Nousersinarecentmeteringstudyreportedusingdehumidificationmode•Woulddisproportionatelyincreasetestburden22Active Mode DefinitionsDOE seeks comment on the proposed active mode definition andspecifically, the proposed definitions for cooling and heating modes.IssueforDiscussion23CoolingMode•ThreeindustrytestprocedurescurrentlymeasureportableACperformanceincoolingmode:–AHAMPAC‐1‐2014,“PortableAirConditioners”–CSAC370‐2013,“CoolingPerformanceofPortableAirConditioners”–ANSI/ASHRAEStandard128‐2011,“MethodofRatingUnitarySpotAirConditioners”•Thesetestproceduresmeasurecoolingcapacityandenergyefficiencyratio(EER)basedonanairenthalpyapproachbymonitoring:–Airflowrate–Dry‐bulbtemperature–Watervaporcontent•DOEfoundnosignificantdifferencesthatwouldproducevaryingresultsamongthethreetestprocedures.24CoolingMode– GeneralTestApproach•DOEconductedbaselinetesting(AHAMPAC‐1‐2009*)andcalorimetertesting(ANSI/ASHRAEStandard16‐1983).•ResultsofbaselinetestinggenerallyindicatedthatcurrentindustrytestproceduresforportableACsneglectsignificantheattransferduetoairinfiltrationandotherheatlosses.(May2014NODA)*CurrentversionofAHAMPAC‐1atthetimeofDOE’sbaselinetesting.Evaporator Exhaust(Temp/Water Vapor)Condenser Inlet and Exhaust(Temp/Water Vapor/CFM)Evaporator Exhaust(CFM)Evaporator Inlet(Temp/Water Vapor)AHAMPAC‐1‐2009TestSetup25CoolingMode– TestResults•Testresultsbasedon17single‐ductand7dual‐ductunits.26CoolingMode– GeneralTestApproach•BasedonDOE’stesting,DOEpreliminarilydeterminedthat:–ANSI/ASHRAEStandard16requirementsareburdensomeandconditionsaredifficulttomaintain.•Requiresacalorimeterchamber•Mayrequireadditionalcomponentstomaintainconditions(e.g.fans,humidifiers,dehumidifiers,scales)•Complexanalysisrequiredtoincorporateheating/coolingeffectsofallcomponents–AHAMPAC‐1approachisleastburdensome,butrequiresmodificationstoberepresentativeoftypicaluse.–DOEdidnotidentifydifferencesbetweenAHAMPAC‐1‐2009andtheupdatedversion,AHAMPAC‐1‐2014,thatwouldsubstantivelyaffecttestingresults.27Cooling Mode General Test ApproachDOE seeks comment on the proposed reference of AHAM PAC-1-2014as the basis for DOE’s portable AC test procedure.IssueforDiscussion•DOEproposesthatAHAMPAC‐1‐2014shouldbethebasisofaDOEtestprocedureforportableACs.–ThetestmethodandsetupforAHAMPAC‐1‐2014islessburdensomethanthecalorimetermethod.–DOEisproposingthatAHAMPAC‐1‐2014bethebasisforthetest,withadditionalmeasurementsandcalculationstoaccountfortheinfiltrationair,case,andductheattransfereffects.28CoolingMode– InfiltrationAir•PortableACoperationcreatesnegativepressurecausingairinfiltrationtotheconditionedspace.•DOEassumedinfiltrationairoriginatesfromunconditionedoroutdoorspace.SingleെDuct:	ܯܨܥ௡௢௖ௗ௘௡௦௘௥	௘௫௛௔௨௦௧DualെDuct:	ܯܨܥ௡௢௖ௗ௘௡௦௘௥	௘௫௛௔௨௦௧െ ܯܨܥ௡௢௖ௗ௘௡௦௘௥	௜௡௟௘௧PortableACIndoors OutdoorsSingle-DuctPortableACIndoors OutdoorsDual-Duct80.6°F/66.2°F 95°F/75.2°F 80.6°F/66.2°F 95°F/75.2°F29CoolingMode– InfiltrationAirEquations•DryAirMassFlowRate(lb/m)•SensibleHeatContribution(Btu/h)•LatentHeatContribution(Btu/h)•TotalInfiltrationAirHeatTransfer(Btu/h)݉ሶ௦ௗൌܸ௖௢ߩ ൈ௢௖1൅߱௖௢݉ሶௗௗൌܸ௖௢ߩ ൈ௢௖1൅߱௖௢െܸ௖௜ߩ ൈ௜௖1൅߱௖௜݉ሶൌܸൈߩൈ݉ௗ௔݉௠௔ൌߩൈܸ1൅߱ܳ௦ൌ݉ሶൈܿ௣_ௗ௔ൈܶ௜௔െ ܶ௘௜൅ ܿ௣_ೢೡൈ߱௜௔ൈ ܶ௜௔െ ߱௘௜ൈ ܶ௘௜60ܳ௟ൌ݉ሶൈ ܪ௚௙ൈ ሺ߱௜௔െ ߱௘௜ሻ60ܳ௜௡௙௜௟௧௥௔௧௜௢௡ൌ ܳ௦൅ ܳ௟30Infiltration Air Test ApproachDOE also seeks comment on the proposalto modify the cooling capacityequation as included in AHAM PAC-1-2014 to address the effects ofinfiltration air.DOE seeks comment on the proposed approach to estimate infiltration airflow rate and heat transfer. Specifically, on the proposal to use 95 °F drybulb and 75.2 °F wet-bulb temperature conditions for the infiltration air.IssueforDiscussion31CoolingMode– StandardRatingConditions•DOEproposesambientconditionsbasedonAHAMPAC‐1‐2014.•TheseconditionsareclosetothoserequiredbytheDOEroomACtestprocedure1,sotestresultsforcoolingmodeundertheproposedportableACtestprocedurewouldbecomparabletothoseforroomACs.TestConfigurationEvaporatorInletAir,°F(°C) CondenserInletAir,°F(°C)DryBulb WetBulb DryBulb WetBulb3(Dual‐Duct)80.6(27) 66.2(19) 95.0(35) 75.2(24)5(Single‐Duct)80.6(27) 66.2(19) 80.6(27) 66.2(19)1RoomACtestprocedureconditions:EvaporatorInlet(80dry‐bulb,67wet‐bulb)CondenserInlet(95dry‐bulb,75wet‐bulb)32CoolingMode– InletAirTolerance•ANSI/ASHRAEStandard37(referencedbyAHAMPAC‐1‐2014)requiresthatcondenserinletandevaporatorinletdry‐bulbtemperaturesaremaintainedwithinarangeof2.0°Fandanaveragewithin0.5°Fofthenominalvalues.•Becauseforsingle‐ductunitsbothinletsaredrawingfromtheindoorsidechamber,slightvariationbetweenthetwoinletconditionsislikely.•DOEproposestospecifyamorestringenttolerancefortheevaporatorinletdry‐bulb,consistentwiththeevaporatorinletwet‐bulbtemperaturetolerance,withinarangeof1.0°Fwithanaveragedifferenceof0.3°F.•Thecondenserinletdry‐bulbtemperaturewouldbemaintainedwithintheoriginaltesttolerance.33Inlet Air Conditions and ToleranceDOE seeks comment on the proposed ambient conditions for coolingmode based on the conditions in AHAM PAC-1-2014.DOE also seeks comment on the proposal to tighten the evaporatorinlet dry-bulb temperature tolerance to minimize confusion with whichtest condition (evaporator or condenser inlet) should take priority.IssueforDiscussion34CoolingMode– DuctHeatTransfer•DOEdeterminedthatuninsulatedductssignificantlycontributetoheatlosstotheconditionedspace.•AdditionalspecificationsproposedfortheductheattransfermeasurementinANSI/ASHRAEStandard37(referencedbyAHAMPAC‐1‐2014):–Minimumof4equallyspacedthermocouples(TCs)adheredtothesideofthelengthofcondenserduct(s)–Temperaturemeasurementaccuracywithin±0.5F–Convectiveheattransfercoefficientof4Btu/hpersquarefootper°F•DuctSurfaceArea(ft2)•DuctHeatTransfer(Btu/h)ܣௗ௨௖௧_௝ൌ 	ߨ ൈ ݀௝ൈ ܮ௝ܳௗ௨௖௧_௖௠ൌ݄ൈܣௗ௨௖௧_௝ൈܶௗ௨௖௧_௝െ ܶ௘௜35CoolingMode– CaseHeatTransfer•DOEdeterminedthatheatingeffectsfromallinternalcomponents,notjusttheevaporatorfan(asrequiredinAHAMPAC‐1‐2014),shouldbeaddressed.•Provisionsproposedfordeterminingcaseheattransfer:–Minimumof4equallyspacedTCsadheredtoeachsideofthecase,adjustedifTCwouldbeplacedonanairintake/exhaustgrille–Temperaturemeasurementaccuracywithin±0.5F–Convectionheattransfercoefficientof4Btu/hpersquarefootper°F•CaseSurfaceArea(ft2)•CaseHeatTransfer(Btu/h)ܣ௔௖௦௘_௞ൌ	ܦଵ_௞ൈ ܦଶ_௞ܳ௖௔௦௘_௖௠ൌ ෍݄ൈܣ௔௖௦௘_௞ൈܶ௖௔௦௘_௞െ ܶ௘௜௞36CoolingMode– AdjustedCoolingCapacity•DOEproposedthatthecoolingcapacitydeterminedbyAHAMPAC‐1‐2014beadjustedforinfiltrationairandductandcaseheattransfereffects.ሻܥܥܣሺ	ݕݐܽܿ݅݌ܽܥ	݈݅݊݃݋݋ܥ	݁݀ݐݏݑ݆݀ܣൌ 	 ܥܽ݌ܽܿ݅ݕݐ௠௖െ ܳ௜௡௙௜௟௧௥௔௧௜௢௡_௖௠െ ܳௗ௨௖௧_௖௠െ ܳ௖௔௦௘_௖௠37Additional Heat Transfer ConsiderationsDOE seeks comment on the proposed approach to characterize anddetermine heat transfer from the condenser duct(s) to the conditionedspace.DOE seeks comment on the proposed approach to include case heattransfer effects instead of evaporator fan heat, based on average casesurface temperature and evaporator inlet temperature.DOE also seeks comment on the proposal to consider duct and caseheat transfer effects, in addition to infiltration air heat transfer, in theadjusted capacity calculation.IssueforDiscussion38CoolingMode– CondensateCollection•DOEconductedtestingwithadrainlineattachedtomonitorcondensatecollectionifnecessary,butthelinewaselevatedtosimulatetestingwithadrainplug.•DOEobservedthatalltestunitshadanauto‐evaporationfeatureandnounitcycledoffduringtestingduetoafullinternalcondensatecollectionbucket.•Therefore,DOEproposesthattheportableACbesetupinaccordancewithmanufacturerinstructionsandasfollows:–Ifanauto‐evaporativefeatureisprovided,anydrainplugprovidedshouldremaininplaceasshipped.–Ifnoauto‐evaporationfeatureisprovided,oriftheinternalbucketfillsduringtesting:1. Thetestisinvalidandstopped;2. Thedrainplugisremoved;3. Thecondensatedrainlineisinstalled; and4. Thetestisrestarted.–Unitisonlytestedwithanincludedpumpactivatedifrequiredbythemanufacturerinstallationandsetupinstructions,ornoothercondensateremovaloptionisavailable.39CoolingMode– ControlSettings•DOEproposesthefollowingsettings:FanSpeed=Maximum(ifuseradjustable)TemperatureControls=LowestAvailableLouverOpening=MaximumArea,ParalleltoAirFlow(ifuseradjustable)LouverOscillation=Off/Disabled(ifuseradjustable)•DOEbelievesthesesettingsrepresenttheconsumersettingstoachievetheprimaryfunctionofcoolingasquicklyaspossibleandtomaintainconditions.40CoolingMode– TestUnitPlacement•ANSI/ASHRAEStandard37(referencedbyAHAMPAC‐1‐2014)specifiesspacerequirementsforonlytheoutdoorchamber.•DOEproposesthattheoutdoorchamberspacerequirementsalsobeapplicablefortheindoorchamber:–Nolessthan6feetfromtheevaporatorinlettoanychamberwallsurface(andcondenserinletforsingle‐ductunits)–Nolessthan3feetbetweentheothersurfacesoftheportableACwithnoairinlet/exhaustandanywallsurface.41CoolingMode– ElectricalSupply•AHAMPAC‐1‐2014doesnotspecifyasingletestvoltagebutstatesthatthenameplatevoltageshallbeused.•Tomaintainrepeatability,DOEproposesthat:–Theinputstandardvoltagebemaintainedat115V± 1%–Theelectricalsupplybemaintainedatthenameplatelistedfrequencywithin± 1%.42Additional Cooling Mode ProposalsDOE seeks comment on the proposed setup requirements for unitswith and without means for auto-evaporation to remove collectedcondensate, including the use of an internal pump if required by themanufacturer during cooling operation.DOE seeks comment on the proposed control settings that include fanspeed (maximum), temperature controls (maximum cooling), louveroscillation (disabled where available), and louver opening (maximum).DOE also seeks comment on the proposed test unit placement fromthe chamber wall surfaces, and the electrical supply proposals.IssueforDiscussion43HeatingMode•DOEproposesthatthesametestsetupandgeneralconductforcoolingmodebeusedforheatingmode(generallybasedonANSI/ASHRAEStandard37).•Additionaltestrequirementsfromcoolingmodearealsoapplicable–InfiltrationAir–DuctHeatTransfer–CaseHeatTransfer–ControlSettings–TestUnitPlacement–ElectricalSupply44HeatingMode– TestConditions•ANSI/AHRI210/240“PerformanceRatingofUnitaryAir‐ConditioningandAir‐SourceHeatPumpEquipment” providestestconditionsinheatingmodeforaheatpumpwithasingle‐speedcompressorandafixed‐speedindoorfan.•DOEbelievesH1testconditionsaremostrepresentativeoftypicalheatingmodeuse(supplementalorlowcapacity)Test Condition IndoorInletAir,°F OutdoorInletAir,°FDryBulb WetBulb DryBulb WetBulbH1“HighTemperature”70 60 47 43H2“FrostAccumulation”70 60 35 33H3“Low Temperature”70 60 17 15TestConfigurationEvaporator1InletAir,°F(°C) Condenser1InletAir,°F(°C)DryBulb WetBulb DryBulb WetBulb3(Dual‐Duct)70.0(21.1) 60.0(15.6) 47.0(8.33)43.0(6.11)5(Single‐Duct)70.0(21.1) 60.0(15.6) 70.0(21.1) 60.0(15.6)1“Evaporator” and “Condenser” refer to the heatexchanger configuration in cooling mode45HeatingMode– AdjustedHeatingCapacity•ThecalculationsinAHAMPAC‐1‐2014wouldresultinnegativecooling(i.e.heating)capacity.•DOEproposesmultiplyingthemeasuredcapacityby‐1torepresentheatingcapacity.•Negativeheatingvalues(e.g.Qduct_hmandQinfiltration_hm)areaddedtotheadjustedheatingcapacity.ݕݐܽܿ݅݌ܽܥ	݅݊݃ݐ݁ܽܪ	݁݀ݐݏݑ݆݀ܣܥܪܣൌ 	 ܥܽ݌ܽܿ݅ݕݐ௠௛൅ ܳ௟௜௙௡௜௧௥௔௧௜௢௡_௛௠൅ ܳௗ௨௖௧_௛௠൅ ܳ௖௔௦௘_௛௠46Heating Mode ProposalsDOE seeks comment on the proposed test setup, standard ratingconditions, and conduct for determining heating mode performance forportable ACs.IssueforDiscussion47AirCirculationMode•DOEdoesnothaveinformationonprevalenceoftheconsumerinitiatedaircirculationmode.•Therefore,atthistimeDOEisnotproposingtomeasurethismode.Air Circulation Mode ProposalDOE seeks feedback on usage information for the consumer initiatedair circulation mode.48PortableACModesIdentifiedOff‐CycleModeCoolingHeatingAirCirculationDehumidificationInactiveBucket‐FullOffActiveModeStandbyandOffModes49Off‐CycleMode‐Definition•Off‐CycleModeAmodeinwhichtheportableairconditioner:(1)hascycledoffitsmainheatingorcoolingfunctionbythermostatortemperaturesensorsignal;(2)mayormaynotoperateitsfanorblower;and(3)willreactivatethemaincoolingorheatingfunctionaccordingtothethermostatortemperaturesensorsignal.50Off‐CycleMode– TestConductandSettings•TestConduct–Followingcoolingmodetesting,thesetpointisadjustedtoatemperaturehigherthanthechamberconditions.–Adjustablefanspeedsaresettomaximum.–Off‐cyclemodeenergyconsumptionbegins5minutesfollowingtheendofthelastcompressorcoolingcycle.–Powerconsumptionismonitoredfor2hours.•Doesnotpenalizetheutilizationofcoldevaporatorcoilsforadditionalroomcoolingattheendofacompressorcycle.•Conductedonlyoncefollowingcoolingmodetominimizetestburden.51Off-Cycle Mode ProposalsDOE seeks comment on the proposed provisions for measuring energyconsumption in off-cycle mode, including the use of the maximumspeed setting for those units with adjustable fan speed settings, andthe measurement period specifications.DOE seeks comment on whether off-cycle mode energy consumptionis independent of ambient conditions.IssueforDiscussion52PortableACModesIdentifiedOff‐CycleModeCoolingHeatingAirCirculationDehumidificationInactiveBucket‐FullOffActiveModeStandbyandOffModes53StandbyMode– DefinitionsStandbyMode–•Portable ACis connectedtoamainspowersource•Offersoneormoreofthefollowinguser‐orientedorprotectivefunctionswhichmay persistforanindefinitetime:(a)Tofacilitatetheactivationofothermodes(includingactivationordeactivationofactivemode)byremoteswitch(includingremotecontrol),internalsensor,ortimer;or(b)Continuousfunctions,includinginformationorstatusdisplays(includingclocks)orsensor‐basedfunctions.Atimerisacontinuousclockfunction(whichmayormaynotbeassociatedwithadisplay)thatprovidesregularscheduledtasks(e.g.,switching)andthatoperatesonacontinuousbasis.InactiveMode–•Facilitatestheactivationofactivemodebyremoteswitch(includingremotecontrol),internalsensor,ortimer,orthatprovidescontinuousstatusdisplay.54OtherLow‐PowerModesAdditionallow‐powermodesidentifiedbutnotmeasuredBucket‐Full Mode•Initiatedwhenthecondensatelevelintheinternalcollectiontankreachesamanufacturer‐specifiedthresholdorremoved.•Activemodesaredisabledandreactivatedwhenthecollectiontankisdrained,emptied,orinstalledDelay‐StartMode•Comparablepowerconsumptionleveltoinactivemode•Facilitatestheactivationofanactivemodebyatimer,butdoesnotpersistforanindefiniteperiodoftime.55Low‐PowerModes•DOEexpectsthepowerdrawoftheselow‐powermodes(inactive,bucket‐full,anddelay‐startmodes)tobesimilar.•Toreducetestburdenandsimplifytesting,DOEproposestomeasurepowerconsumptionforonlyinactivemode.•Theannualhoursassociatedwithdelay‐startandbucket‐fullmodes(whichDOEexpectstobelow)wouldbecombinedwiththoseforinactivemode.56OffMode– Definition•AllunitsinDOE’stestsamplehadelectroniccontrolsanddefaulttoinactivemodewhenconnectedtoapowersource.•However,someunits(typicallywithelectromechanicalcontrols)wouldbecapableofenteringoffmode.OffMode–•Portable ACis connectedtoamainspowersource•Isnotprovidinganyactivemodeor standbymodefunction•Maypersistforanindefinitetime•Anindicatorthatonlyshowstheuserthattheportableairconditionerisintheoffpositionisincludedwithintheclassificationofanoffmode.57Standby/OffMode– PowerConsumption•InaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheEnergyIndependenceandSecurityActof2007,DOEproposesthatinactivemodeandoffmodeforportableACsbetestedaccordingtoIECStandard623011.•Clarifications:–Testingmaybeconductedatthecoolingmodeorheatingmodetestconditions(80.6or70.0± 0.5°F,respectively)astheymeettheIECStandard62301conditions(73.4± 9°F).–Electricalsupplyvoltageandfrequencymaintainedat115V±1percentandsupplyfrequencymaintainedattheratedfrequencywithin±1percent,thesameasproposedforcoolingmodeandheatingmode.–Inactivemodeandoffmodetestingconductedafterthepowerlevelhasdroppedtothelowestlevel.1International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) “Household electrical appliances–Measurement of standby power,” Publication 62301, Edition 2.0 (2011-01)58Standby Modes and Off Mode ProposalsDOE seeks comment on the proposeddefinitions and provisions formeasuring energy consumption in standby mode and off modeIssueforDiscussion59CombinedEnergyEfficiencyRatio(CEER)•Combinestheenergyuseforactivemode,standbymode,off‐cyclemode,andoffmodeintoasingleefficiencymetric.•Coolingandheatingcapacity(whereapplicable)aremeasured.•Totalannualenergyconsumptioniscalculatedusingaweightedaveragebasedonannualoperatinghoursandaveragepowerineachmode.•Itisnecessarytoidentifythecoolingandheatingseasonlengthstodetermineannualmodeoperatinghours.60CoolingandHeatingSeasonLengths•CoolingseasonlengthbasedonroomACrule(2,160hours)•DOEdevelopedthreeestimatesforheatingseasonlength.–Estimate1(4,160hours)•Furnacefanrulemakingestimate–Estimate2(4,388hours)•2012nationalclimateanalysisofhours≤55°F•BasedonNYCthresholdforbuildingheatingseason–Estimate3(2,903hours)•Adjustedclimateanalysistohours≤45°F•ReducedportableACheatingseasonforuseassupplementalheaterUsagebyLocationIdentifyroomAC(portableAC)ownershipinregions,sub‐regions,andstates.Data:RECS2009HoursatTemperatureCalculatednumberofhoursperstateassociatedwitheachtemperatureData:NOAAandNCDC2012AnalyzeDataWeightedaveragetocombineindividualstate’shoursatorbelowcertaintemperaturetodeterminesub‐regional,regional,andnationalhours.61AnnualModeOperatingHours•CoolingseasonmodeoperatinghoursbasedontheroomACrulemaking.–Off‐cyclemodeincludesfan‐onlymodehoursfromroomACrulemaking–Inactive/offmodehoursincludedelay‐startmodeandbucket‐fullmodehours•DOEassumedthatthepercentageofoperatingtimeassociatedwitheachmodewithinheatingseasonisthesameasdeterminedforcoolingseason.•Outsideofcoolingandheatingseason,DOEassumed:–3⁄4ofallportableACsareunplugged–1⁄4ofallportableACsareunpluggedhalfofthetime–Pluggedinhoursareconsideredinactive/offmodehours62AnnualModeOperatingHours•ModeoperatinghoursbasedonthecoolingonlyroomACestimatesandthreeheatingseasonlengthestimates.•Forunitswithheatingcapability,DOEproposestheuseofannualoperatinghoursinCooling/HeatingEstimate3becauseDOEexpectsthatportableACsareusedonlyassupplementaryheatingduringperiodsofcooloutdoortemperatures(<45°F).ModesCoolingOnlyCooling/HeatingEstimate1Cooling/HeatingEstimate2Cooling/HeatingEstimate3CoolingMode750 750 750 750HeatingMode0 1,444 1,524 1,008Off‐CycleMode880 2,575 2,668 2,063Off/InactiveMode1,355 1,856 1,883 1,70463AlternateCoolingSeasonScenarios•Arecentstudydevelopedamodeltoestimatepercentoftimeincooling,fan‐only,andstandbymodesasafunctionofoutdoortemperature.•DOEexpectsthatthemodesinthestudyalignwithcoolingmode,off‐cyclemode,andinactive/offmode.•ThestudyidentifiedtwoapplicationsforportableACuse:–Residentialuse:dailyconsumerinteraction–Commercialuse:minimalconsumerinteraction•DOEdeterminedaverageoutdoortemperatureforeachstatebasedontheNCDCdatafromJunethroughSeptember.•UsingaweightedaveragebasedonRECSdata,DOEdeterminedarepresentativeaveragecoolingseasonoutdoortemperatureof70°F.64AlternateCoolingSeasonScenarios•Usingthemeteringstudymodels,DOEcalculatedthepercentoftimespentineachmodeduringcoolingseason.•DOEalsodeterminedathirdscenario,anaverageofthelow‐useandhigh‐useapplications.•Theproposedoff‐cycleandoff/inactivemodehourswouldalsobeupdatedtoaccountforadjustedcoolingseasonpercentages.ModesScenario 1– Low‐UseScenario2– High‐UseScenario3–Average‐UseCoolingMode5.9% 41.1% 23.5%Off‐CycleMode2.2% 21.7% 12.0%Off/InactiveMode91.9% 37.9% 64.9%Cooling ModeHoursBasedon2,160HourCoolingSeason126 887 50765Annual Mode Operating HoursDOE seeks comment on the proposed cooling and heating seasonlengths and mode operating hours to be used when calculating thecombined energy efficiency ratio.IssueforDiscussion66EnergyEfficiencyRatio(EER)•EnergyEfficiencyRatioforcoolingandheating(EERcmandEERhm)–Adjustedcoolingandheatingcapacity,ACCandAHC,inBtu/h.–Averagepowerincoolingandheating,PcmandPhm,inWatts.•Duetovariationsinoperatinghourestimates,thepreliminaryanalysisforaconcurrentenergyconservationstandardsrulemakingusestheEERcmasabasisforefficiencylevels.ܴܧܧ௖௠ൌܥܥܣܲ௠௖ܴܧܧ௛௠ൌܥܪܣܲ௛௠67AnnualEnergyConsumption(AEC)•AnnualEnergyConsumptionpermode(AECm)–Calculatedforeachmode,m.–Usesthemodeannualhours,t.–Averagepower,P,inWatts.–ConvertedtokWh,k.•TotalAECforallmodesotherthancooling/heatingmodes(AECT)•Usedtocalculateannualoperatingcost,proposedin10CFR430.23ܥܧܣ்ܥܧܣ ෍ ൌ௠௠ܥܧܣ௠ൌ ܲ௠ൈ ݐ௠ൈ ݇68CombinedEnergyEfficiencyRatio(CEER)•Combinedenergyefficiencyratioincoolingmode(CEERcm)–“CoolingOnly”operatinghoursusedtocalculateAECT•Combinedenergyefficiencyratio(CEER)–Forunitswithnoheatingmode,CEER=CEERcm–Forunitswithheatingmode,useCooling/HeatingEstimate3ܴܧܧܥ௖௠ൌܥܥܣܥܧܣ௠௖ܥܧܣ	൅்ݐൈ݇ൌ ܴܧܧܥൈ ܥܥܣݐ௠௖ݐ௠௖ݐ ൅௠௛ൈ ܥܪܣ ൅ݐ௠௛ݐ௠௖ݐ ൅௠௛ܥܧܣ௠௖ܥܧܣ ൅௠௛ܥܧܣ	൅்ݐൈ݇Note:TheCEERequationinthispresentationdiffersfromthatpublishedintheNOPR.Thevariablefortimespentineachmodeis“t”insteadof“h”.Thismodificationwillbeincorporatedinfuturenotices.69CEER EquationsDOE seeks comment on the proposed equation for calculatingindividual cooling combined energy efficiency ratio (CEERcm) and anoverall CEER that incorporates performance in both cooling andheating modes, in addition to other low-power modes.IssueforDiscussion70SamplingPlanandRoundingRequirements•ForEERcm,EERhm,CEERcm,CEER,orotherefficiencymetrictherepresentativevalueshallbelessthanorequaltothelowerof:–Themeanofthesample,or–Thelower95percentconfidencelimit(LCL)ofthetruemeandividedby0.90•Thevaluesofcoolingorheatingmodecapacity,andthevaluesoftheEERorCEERwouldbethemeanofthemeasuredvaluesforeachtestedunitofabasicmodel.–Capacitieswouldberoundedtothenearest50,100,200,or500Btu/haccordingtoTable1inPAC‐1‐2014.–EERandCEERwouldberoundedtothenearest0.1Btu/Wh.71SmallBusinessImpacts•DOEidentifiedonesmallbusinessmanufacturerwithmanufacturingfacilitiesintheUnitedStates.•DOEselectedtheAHAMPAC‐1‐2014airenthalpyapproachtominimizetestburden.•Activemodetestprocedureimpacts–ManufacturerscommonlyreportcoolingcapacityandEERaccordingtoANSI/ASHRAEStandard128‐2001–AHAMPAC‐1‐2014isanindustry‐acceptedstandardthatutilizessimilartestequipmentandbasicmethodology•Off‐cycle,standby,andoffmodetestprocedureimpacts–IECStandard62301maybeconductedinthesametestchamberascooling/heatingmodetesting,sominimaladditionaltestingcost–Wattmeterthatmeetsrequirementsisabout$2,000•Therefore,DOEconcludesthattheproposedrulewouldnothavesignificanteconomicimpactonsmallentities.72Test Burden and Small Business ImpactDOE seeks comment on the testing burden, including DOE’s tentativeconclusion that the proposed test procedure would not be undulyburdensome to conduct.IssueforDiscussion73PublicMeetingTopicsforTestProcedures1Introductions2Stakeholder Opening Statements3Regulatory History4Covered Products5Appendix CC Proposals6Compliance7Closing Remarks74HowtoSubmitComments...•PublicMeeting – oralcommentswillbecapturedinthetranscriptandbecomepartofthepublicrecord.•Writtencomments – NOPRcommentperiodopenuntilMay11,2015.Referencedocket#:EERE–2014–BT–TP–0014and/orRIN#:1904–AD22Email:PortableAC2014TP0014@ee.doe.govMail:Mrs.BrendaEdwardsU.S.DepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgram1000IndependenceAvenueSW.,MailstopEE‐5BWashington,DC20585‐0121Courier: Mrs.BrendaEdwardsU.S.DepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgram950L'EnfantPlaza,Suite600Washington,DC20024Telephone:(202)586‐294575OpeningRemarksforStandardsMeetingparticipantsareinvitedtoprovideopeningremarksorstatementsatthistime.76PublicMeetingTopicsforStandards1RegulatoryHistory,TestProcedures,andOverview2MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening3EngineeringAnalysis4PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis5MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis6Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis7ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis8NextSteps77RegulatoryHistory•EnergyPolicyandConservationActof1975(EPCA)P.L.94‐163–AmendedbyNationalEnergyConservationPolicyActof1978,P.L.95‐619,toestablishthe“EnergyConservationProgramforCertainIndustrialEquipment.”–AuthorizesDOEtoestablishconservationstandardsforcoveredproductsorequipmentthatwouldlikelyresultinsignificantnationalenergysavings.–Specifiesalistofcoveredresidentialandcommercialproductsandcontainsprovisionstoclassifyadditionalproductsascoveredproducts:•NecessarytofulfillthepurposesofEPCA•Averageannualper‐householdenergyuseislikelytoexceed100kWh/year•NoticeofProposedDetermination(NOPD)(78FR40403)–PublishedJuly5,2013–DOEtentativelydeterminedthatportableACsmeettheclassificationprovisions–NotetherearecurrentlynoFederaltestproceduresandstandardsforportableACs78DefinitionofCoveredProducts•TheFebruary25,2015testprocedureNOPRproposesdefiningaportableairconditionerasfollows:Aconsumerproduct,otherthana“packagedterminalairconditioner,”“roomairconditioner,”or“dehumidifier,”designedasaportableunitfordeliveringcooled,conditionedairtoanenclosedspace,thatispoweredbysingle‐phaseelectriccurrent,whichmayrestonthefloororotherelevatedsurface.Itincludesasourceofrefrigerationandmayincludeadditionalmeansforaircirculationandheating.79PortableACStandardsRulemakingTimeline2013 20162014 2015 2017Milestone DatePreliminaryAnalysisPublication February27,2015PreliminaryAnalysisPublicMeetingMarch18,2015CommentPeriodEndsApril28,2015NOPRPublication(projected) December31,2015FinalRulePublication(projected) August1,201680PublicMeetingTopicsforStandards1RegulatoryHistory,TestProcedures,andOverview2MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening3EngineeringAnalysis4PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis5MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis6Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis7ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis8NextSteps81PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR82MarketandTechnologyAssessmentPurpose:•Defineproductclasses•CharacterizetheportableACindustry•Identifyexistingregulatoryandvoluntaryefficiencyprograms•Gatherhistoricalshipmentsandotherrelevantmarketdata•Identifytechnologyoptionsforimprovingefficiency83ProductClasses•Whenevaluatingandestablishingenergyconservationstandards,DOEgenerallydividescoveredproductsintoproductclassesbythetypeofenergyusedorbycapacityorotherperformance‐relatedfeaturesthataffectefficiency.•DOEconsideredseparatingproductclassesbasedonductconfiguration(single‐ductordual‐duct)andcapacity.•DOEresearchfoundnoconsumerutilityassociatedwithdifferentductconfigurations.–Allinstallationlocationsaccommodatebothsingle‐ductanddual‐ductunits.–Thereisnocorrelationbetweenpublishednoiseperformanceandductconfiguration.•DOEdeterminedthatductconfigurationdoesnotwarrantseparateportableACproductclasses.84ProductClasses•PortableACefficienciesareafunctionofproductcapacity.–Higher‐capacityunitstypicallyachievehigherefficienciesthanlower‐capacityunitswhenmeasuredaccordingtotheproposedtestprocedure.–DOEobservedthattherelationshipbetweenefficiencyandcapacityisconsistentacrosstherangeofmeasuredcapacities.•Accordingly,DOEmaintainedoneproductclassforportableACsanddevelopedanequationtorelateefficiencytocapacitywhenconsideringdifferentefficiencylevels.85RequestforCommentItem1: DOEinvitescommentsandrecommendationsfrominterestedpartiesontheproposedsingleproductclassthatincludessingle‐ductanddual‐ductconfigurations.DOEinvitescommentonthedeterminationthatportableACefficiencyisafunctionofproductcapacity.ProductClasses86ManufacturersandMarketShare•DOEestimatesthatthemajorityofportableACsaremanufacturedoverseasby3majorOEMs.•ProductsaresoldintheUnitedStatesunderapproximately29brands.•DOEestimatesthatthecompaniesthatsellportableACsalesintheUnitedStateshavethefollowingapproximatemarketsharebreakdown:>20%‐HaierAmericaTradingLLC>20%‐LGElectronicsInc.10%‐DelonghiAmericaInc.10%‐AmericanComfortWorldwide10%‐Danby<5%‐Remainingentitieseach87EfficiencyDistribution•CurrentavailabilityofportableACsonthemarket–DataisfromtheCaliforniaEnergyCommission(CEC)ApplianceEfficiencydatabase,andisonlyintendedtoprovideageneraloverviewforthoseproducts.–TheEERandcapacityvaluesarebasedonANSI/ASHRAEStandard128‐2001,asrequiredbytheCEC.Source: CEC portable AC database (http://www.appliances.energy.ca.gov/QuickSearch.aspx)0246810121416182000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

EER (Btu/Wh)Capacity(Btu/h)0102030405060708090100<=6,000 6,001‐8,0008,001‐10,00010,001‐12,00012,001‐14,000

Number of ModelsCapacityBins(Btu/h)88TechnologyAssessment•PortableACscontainarefrigerationsystemtoremovesensibleandlatentheatfromtheair.•Primarycomponentsinclude:–Compressor–HeatExchangers•Evaporator•Condenser–ExpansionValveorCapillaryTube–Fan(s)/Blower(s)–Duct(s)withMountingBracket–CondensateRemovalComponents•Slinger(auto‐evaporation)•Gravitydrain•Collectionpan(non‐removable)•PumpCondenser Outlet Air toUnconditioned SpaceCondenser Inlet Air fromConditioned SpaceConditioned Air fromEvaporator OutletReturn Air toEvaporator InletGraphic adapted fromkingersons.com89TechnologyAssessment•DOEidentifiedthefollowinginitialtechnologyoptions,organizedintofourcategoriesthatcouldbeusedtoimproveenergyefficiencyinportableACs:–IncreasedHeatTransferSurfaceArea•Increasedfrontalcoilarea•Increaseddepthofcoil(addtuberows)•Increasedfindensity•Addsubcoolertocondensercoil–IncreasedHeatTransferCoefficients•Improvedfindesign•Improvedtubedesign•Spraycondensateontocondensercoil•Microchannelheatexchanger–ComponentImprovements•Improvedcompressorefficiency•Improvedblower/fanefficiency•Low‐standby‐powerelectroniccontrols•Ductinginsulation•Improvedductconnections•Caseinsulation–Part‐LoadTechnologyImprovements•Variable‐speedcompressor•Thermostaticorelectronicexpansionvalve90PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR91ScreeningAnalysis•Purpose:Identifyanytechnologiestobeeliminatedfromfurtherconsideration.•DOEscreensouttechnologyoptionsbasedonfourfactors:–Technologicalfeasibility;practicabilitytomanufacture,install,andservice;impactsonproductutilitytoconsumers;andsafetyoftechnologies.•DOEscreenedoutductinginsulation.–DOEisnotawareofcollapsibleinsulatedductsinanycommerciallyavailableproductorworkingprototype.–Ifnotcollapsible,insulatedductswouldnotbepracticabletomanufactureandwouldadverselyimpactconsumerutility(i.e.largerpackagingreducesportability).92PublicMeetingTopicsforStandards1RegulatoryHistory,TestProcedures,andOverview2MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening3EngineeringAnalysis4PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis5MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis6Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis7ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis8NextSteps93PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR94EngineeringAnalysisPurpose•Evaluatedesignoptionsthatimproveefficiency•Characterizemanufacturerproductioncost(MPC)versusefficiencyforhigher‐efficiencyportableACs.DownstreamAnalysis• Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis• NationalImpactAnalysis• ManufacturerImpactAnalysisManufacturerProductionCost–EfficiencyRelationship

Manufacturer Production CostEfficiencyLevel95EngineeringAnalysisProcessTheengineeringanalysisforportableACswasconductedasfollows:1.SelectTestSampleChoosemarketrepresentativeunitsfortesting.2.ProductTestingConducttestingusingtheproposedairenthalpymethod.3.TeardownPerformteardownstodetermineproductdesignsandmanufacturingcosts.4.NumericalModelUseanumericalmodeltoestimateperformanceofdesignsnotincludedinthetestsample.5.EfficiencyLevelsDetermineappropriatebaselineandimprovedefficiencylevels.6.Cost‐EfficiencyCurvesDeterminecost‐efficiencyrelationships.96ProductTesting•DOEselected24portableACs•17single‐duct•7dual‐duct•Onetestunitwasshippedwithaconversionkittoenablesingle‐ductanddual‐ductinstallationandwastestedinbothductconfigurations.•Selectedunitscoveredtherangeofcapacities(5,000to14,000Btu/h)andefficiencies(EERs,7.0to12Btu/Wh)ofproductsavailableonthemarket,basedontheadvertisedvalues,frommultiplemanufacturers.•TheratedcapacitiesandEERsdonotnecessarilyreflectperformanceundertheproposedtestprocedure.97ProductTesting‐Results•Testresultsindicatedapositivetrendbetweenefficiencyandcoolingcapacity.•Infiltrationairandheattransfereffectsgreatlyimpactedtheefficiencyandcapacity.98ProductTeardowns• Basedonteardownsandtesting,DOEdeterminedfivedesignfeaturesthatarecurrentlyorcouldbeusedtoincreaseportableACefficiency.–Airflowoptimization–Increasedheatexchangerarea–Improvedcompressorefficiency–Improvedblowermotorefficiency–Lowstandbypowerelectroniccontrols• DOEdidnotspecificallyconsidertheremainingdesignoptionsthatmetthescreeningcriteriaforthefollowingreasons:–Thereisnotsufficientinformationavailableonthespecificefficiencygains.–ThecurrentDOEtestprocedurewouldnotcapturethepotentialimprovements.–Manufacturerswouldlikelypursuethefeaturesaboveorothercurrentlyimplementedfeaturesthataremorecosteffective.99ProductTeardowns• DOEcalculatedMPCsbydisassemblingportableACsfrommultiplemanufacturersandcreatingbillsofmaterials(BOMs).• BOMsdescribetheproductcomponentsindetailandincludeestimatesofmaterials,labor,capitalequipment,andoverheadcosts.•Chapter5ofthepreliminaryTSDprovidesadditionaldetailsonDOE’steardownandcostmodelmethodology.100RequestforCommentItem2: DOErequestscommentonwhetheritshouldconsiderdesignoptionsthatmayimproveportableACefficiencyundervaryingoperatingconditions(i.e.,improvedcontrols,improvedflow‐controldevices,andvariable‐speedcompressors).DOEnotesthatthecurrentandproposedtestproceduresmeasureactivemodeenergyuseundercontinuousunitoperationatconstantambientconditionsandmaynotreflectefficiencygainsassociatedwiththesetechnologies.ProductTeardowns101EfficiencyLevels•AlthoughDOEtestedandtoredownalargesampleofunits,itdidnotcovertheentirerangeofefficiencylevelsanddesignoptionsthataretechnicallyfeasible.•DOEnumericallymodeledperformancewiththedesignoptionsidentifiedthroughtestingandteardowns.EfficiencyLevelsDescriptionBaseline Single‐ductunitsfromthetestsampleEL1 Dual‐ductunitwith50%infiltrationairheatcontribution*EL2 Dual‐ductunitwith25%infiltration airheatcontribution*EL3 Dual‐ductunitwith0%infiltrationair*EL4 EL3withadditionalcomponentimprovements***In addition to infiltration air heat transfer, air flow optimization also impactedcondenser inlet air conditions, compressor power, and blowermotor power. DOE quantified these performance impacts using relationships developed with MarkN and assumptions.**Component improvements included increased heat exchanger area, improved compressorefficiency, improved blower motor efficiencyand low standby power electronic controls.102CombinedTestedandModeledPerformance•DOEplottedefficiencyperformanceimprovementsateachELforeachtestunit.103CombinedTestedandModeledPerformance•Becauseefficiencyisdrivenbycapacityaswell,DOEplottedpowerandcapacitybyunittoclearlyobservetrendsateachefficiencylevel.104CombinedTestedandModeledPerformance•Re‐plottingtoobserveimprovementsbyefficiencylevel(insteadofbyunit)resultsinlinearrelationshipsbetweenpowerandcapacity.105CombinedTestedandModeledPerformance•Basedonthelinearrelationshipsforpower,DOEdevelopedanEERcmforeachefficiencylevel.ܴܧܧ௖௠ൌݕݐܽܿ݅݌ܽܥ	݈݅݊݃݋݋ܥݎ݁ݓ݋ܲEfficiencyLevelACoefficient(Wh/Btu)BCoefficient(W)Baseline0.113 855.5EL10.1201 685.4EL20.1222 566.3EL30.1256 426.9EL40.1205 355.1ܴܧܧ௖௠ൌݕݐܽܿ݅݌ܽܥ	݈݅݊݃݋݋ܥܤ ൅ ݕݐܽܿ݅݌ܽܥ	݈݅݊݃݋݋ܥ ൈ ܣ106Cost‐EfficiencyRelationships• DOEdevelopedMPCestimatesforeachunitincludedinitsteardownsample.• DOEdeterminedtheincrementalcostsathigherefficiencylevelsforeachunitbasedonthedesignchangesassociatedwitheachefficiencylevel.• DOEaveragedthesecostsforeachunitintheteardownsampletodetermineaverageincrementalMPCs.Average

$MPCEfficiencyLevelUnitCurves

$MPCEfficiencyLevelUnit #1Unit #2Unit #3107• ChangesfromBLtoEL1,EL2,andEL3onlyrepresentmodificationstoductsetupandairflowandthereforeonlyminimallyincreaseMPC.• EL4representssignificantcomponentmodificationsandthereforerepresentsasignificantincreaseinMPC.Cost‐EfficiencyRelationshipsEfficiencyLevelIncrementalMPC(2013$)BL $‐EL1 $4.09EL2 $4.67EL3 $5.26EL4 $47.76108PublicMeetingTopicsforStandards1RegulatoryHistory,TestProcedures,andOverview2MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening3EngineeringAnalysis4PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis5MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis6Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis7ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis8NextSteps109PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR110•Purpose:•Toassesstheimpactsofstandardsonmanufacturers;•Toidentifyandestimateimpactsonmanufacturersubgroupsthatmaybemoreseverelyaffectedthantheindustryasawhole;and•Toexaminetheimpactsondirectemployment,productcompetition,manufacturingcapacity,andcumulativeregulatoryburdensontheindustry.•Methodology:•Analyzeindustrycashflowandindustrynetpresentvalue(INPV)throughuseoftheGovernmentRegulatoryImpactModel(GRIM);and•InterviewmanufacturerstorefineinputstotheGRIM,developsubgroupanalyses,andaddressqualitativeissues.MIA‐Overview111•Phase1–DOEcreatesanindustryprofiletocharacterizetheindustryandidentifyimportantissuesthatrequireconsideration.•Phase2–DOEpreparesanindustrycash‐flowmodelandaninterviewquestionnairetoguidesubsequentdiscussionswithmanufacturers.•Phase3–DOEinterviewsmanufacturers,andassessestheimpactsofstandardsbothquantitatively(usingtheGovernmentRegulatoryImpactModel)andqualitatively(impactsoncompetition,manufacturingcapacity,employment,andregulatoryburden).MIA‐OverviewIndustryprofileDeveloppreliminaryGRIMDevelopinterviewguideInterviews& industrysubgroupanalysesAssessemployment,competition,capacity, ®ulatoryburdensPhase 2Phase 3Phase 1112•ImpactsofHigherSellingPrices–Highersellingpricescouldprice‐outasegmentofportableACconsumersorcausecustomerstopurchaseroomACsinlieuofportableACs.•ImpactsonCompetition–Competitionwithinthemarketcoulddecrease.Thesituationforsomemanufacturerswillimprove(becauseofanewtestprocedurethatwouldprovideconsistentportableACratings),whileothercompaniesmaybeforcedtoexitthemarket.•ImpactsonConsumerUtility–Increasedproductefficiencymaynegativelyimpactconsumerutilityassociatedwithproductfeaturessuchassize,noiselevel,andeaseofwaterdisposal.•CumulativeRegulatoryBurden–PortableACsareonlyoneofasuiteofproductsofferedbymanufacturers.PreliminaryMIAKeyIssues113IssuesforCommentRequestforCommentItem3: DOErequestscommentonitsidentificationofkeyissuesandrequestsdataandinformationfrominterestedpartiesthatcanassistinevaluatingthepotentialimpactonmanufacturers.Item4: DOEconsiderstheimpactsoncertainmanufacturersubgroups,includingsmallbusinessmanufacturers,thathavedifferentcoststructuresoroperatewithindifferentregulatoryframeworksintheNOPRstage.DOErequestsfeedbackonsubgroupstoanalyzeand/orcharacteristicsappropriateforsubgroupanalysis.114PublicMeetingTopicsforStandards1RegulatoryHistory,TestProcedures,andOverview2MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening3EngineeringAnalysis4PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis5MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis6Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis7ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis8NextSteps115PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR116MarkupsAnalysisTotalInstalledCostPaybackPeriodLifetimeOperatingExpenseLife‐CycleCostEnergyConsumptionElectricityPricesAnnualEnergyExpenseRepairCostsMaintenanceCostsElectricityPriceTrendAnnualOperatingExpenseLifetimeDiscountRatesCustomerPriceInstallationCostDataInputsIntermediateAnalysisOutputResultsFromEngineeringAnalysisDistributorMarkupContractorMarkupSalesTaxMarkupFromMarkupsAnalysisBaselineMSPStd‐levelMSPFromEngineeringAnalysisPriceisafunctionofefficiencyFromEnergyUseAnalysis117•Purpose–Determinecustomerpricesunderastandardsscenariobasedonmanufacturercosts.•Method–Characterizeproductdistributionchannelsandmarketsegments.–DescribeportableACretailerdirectcosts,expenses,andprofits•Output–ManufacturermarkupsandbaselineandincrementalmarkupsforportableACs.Retailerandconsumermarkups.Markups AnalysisMarkupsAnalysisOverviewManufacturersRetailersConsumers118MarkupsAnalysisMarkupsAnalysis•BaselineMarkups–Relateconsumerpricetocostofgoodssold(CGS).–Relatepricetocostpriortoachangeinefficiency.–Indicateaconsumerpricethatcoversallofadistributor’sorcontractor’sexpensesplusprofit.•IncrementalMarkups–RelatetheincrementalchangeinconsumerpricetotheincrementalchangeinCGS.–DonotvaryefficiencyinducedchangesinCGS.–CoveronlyexpensesthatvarywithCGSinthiscase,expensesthatincreaseduetoanincreaseinproductefficiency.Markup Types119MarkupsAnalysis:OverallMarkups•AppliedbaselinemarkupstotheMSPofthebaselinelevel,andtheincrementalmarkupstotheincrementaldifferenceinMSPateachlevelabovethebaseline.ResidentialandCommercialApplicationsMarkupBaseline IncrementalManufacturer1.42Retailer1.36 1.11SalesTax1.071Overall2.07 1.69120RequestforCommentItem5: DOErequestscommentsandinformationrelatingtotheinputstothemarkupsdeterminationforresidentialusersandcommercialusers.RequestforComment121PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR122EnergyUseAnalysisTotalInstalledCostPaybackPeriodLifetimeOperatingExpenseLife‐CycleCostEnergyConsumptionElectricityPricesAnnualEnergyExpenseRepairCostsMaintenanceCostsElectricityPriceTrendAnnualOperatingExpenseLifetimeDiscountRatesCustomerPriceInstallationCostDataInputsIntermediateAnalysisOutputResultsFromEngineeringAnalysisDistributorMarkupContractorMarkupSalesTaxMarkupFromMarkupsAnalysisBaselineMSPStd‐levelMSPFromEngineeringAnalysisPriceisafunctionofefficiencyFromEnergyUseAnalysis123Purpose•Developannualenergyusedataforthelife‐cyclecostandsimplepaybackperiodanalysestocalculateannualoperatingcosts.Method•DevelopconsumersamplesfromDOE‐EIA’sResidentialEnergyConsumptionSurvey(RECS)andCommercialBuildingsEnergyConsumptionSurvey(CBECS).•Useresearchstudies,RECSdataalongwithEngineeringAnalysisdatatodevelopannualenergyuseonaper‐householdbasis.EnergyUseAnalysisOverview124CalculationFlowEnergyUseAnalysis  StbyStbyFanFanCoolENERGYkWXkWXEERXCAPYearofUseTotalHoursPAC1000XAnnualOperatingHours(hours/year)AnnualOperatingHours(hours/year)CoolPower(kW)XMode(%)FanPower(kW)XFanMode(%)SBPower(kW)XSBMode(%)++AnnualEnergyUse125EnergyUseAnalysis

Commercial ResidentialStudy/Source CoolingModeOperatingHoursConsiderationsRECS2009forroom ACsAHAMConsumerReportsBurke,etal.2014Product age,coolingcapacityestimation(basedonroomAC)EnergyEfficiencyRatio(EER)forroomACPortableACinrooms <250ft2canreachcoolingcapacityPortableAC field‐metered dataformodepercentagesCBECS2003forroomACsRelationshipbetweenCDDandoperatinghoursforbuildingtypeandscheduleEnergyUseInputs:OperatingHoursSources:U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–EnergyInformationAdministration.ResidentialEnergyConsumptionSurvey:2009RECSSurveyData.2009.U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–EnergyInformationAdministration.CommercialBuildingsEnergyConsumptionSurvey.2003.ConsumerReports.“ArePortableAirConditionerClaimsaLotofHotAir?”PublishedonlineJune12,2014.Burkeetal.,2014.126ELEERcm(Btu/Wh)CoolingCapacity(Btu/h)PowerConsumption(W)Cooling‐Mode Fan‐onlyMode OffModeBaseline 2.08 2512 1208 93 01 3.53 4327 1226 100 02 4.32 5293 1225 104 03 5.28 6539 1238 108 04 5.82 6604 1135 108 0EnergyUseAnalysis127EnergyUseAnalysisAverageAnnualEnergyUseEfficiencyLevelEERcm(Btu/Wh)ResidentialSector(kWh) CommercialSector(kWh)Baseline2.08724 1,71313.53525 1,41124.32473 1,33035.28434 1,27445.82400 1,173RangeofResidentialOperatingHoursbyEfficiencyLevel RangeofCommercialOperatingHoursbyEfficiencyLevel128RequestforCommentItem6: DOErequestscommentsandinformationrelatingtotheinputstotheenergyusedeterminationforresidentialusersandcommercialusers,specificallyoperatinghours.RequestforComment129PublicMeetingTopicsforStandards1RegulatoryHistory,TestProcedures,andOverview2MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening3EngineeringAnalysis4PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis5MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis6Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis7ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis8NextSteps130PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR131Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysisOverview132Life‐CycleCost(LCC)andPaybackPeriod(PBP)AnalysisPurpose•AssessthenetLCCandPBPfordifferentefficiencylevelscomparedtobaseline.•Addtheconsumerpriceandthesumofannualoperatingcostsdiscountedtobaseyear(2019).•Performeconomicevaluationfromtheconsumerperspective.•ExpressresultsasLCCimpacts(baselineminusefficiencystandardlevel).•Simplepaybackistheincrementalfirstcostdividedbythefirstyearundiscountedoperatingcostsavings.Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis133Method•UseMonteCarlosimulationanalysis.‒Characterizethevariabilityanduncertaintyassociatedwiththeinputsusingprobabilitydistributions.‒UseRECShousehold/CBECSenterprisesamplestocharacterizethevariabilityinannualenergyuseandenergyprices.‒Useprobabilitydistributionstocharacterizethevariabilityinotheroperatingcostinputs(e.g.,discountrates,productlifetimes)andmanufacturingcosts.•Developbase‐caseefficiencydistributiontocalculateaccuratelytheLCCsavingsfromincreasingproductefficiency.Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis134TotalInstalledCost•ProductRetailPrice=ManufacturingCost× Markup× SalesTax•TotalInstalledCost=RetailPrice+InstallationCost‒Manufacturingcostvs.efficiencyrelationshipsdevelopedintheEngineeringAnalysis‒MarkupsandSalesTaxesdevelopedintheMarkupsanalysis•Installationcostsrepresentthelaborandmaterialsnecessarytoinstalltheappliance‒DOEdidnotconsiderinstallationcostsforportableACsLife‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis135LifetimeOperatingCost•LifetimeOperatingCost=f(annualoperatingcost,lifetime,discountrate,electricitypricetrend)•AnnualOperatingCost=AnnualEnergyCost+RepairCost+Maint.Cost•AnnualEnergyCost=f(energyuse,electricityprices)‒EnergyusebymodedevelopedintheEnergyUseAnalysis‒FrequencyofusebymodedevelopedintheEnergyUseAnalysis‒ElectricitypricesdevelopedfromDOEEnergyInformationAdministration(EIA)Form861andAnnualEnergyOutlook(AEO)2014Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis136OperatingCostInputs:ElectricityPricesandPriceTrends•Useelectricitypricestoconvertenergyusetoenergycosts.•DevelopelectricitypricesbygeographiclocationfromEIAForm861data.•UseDOE‐EIAAEO2014forprojectionsoffutureaverageenergyprices(reference,high,andlowscenarios).•DOEusedaverageenergypricesforbaselineenergycostsandmarginalenergypricesforincrementalenergyusefrombaselineusage.ܱܥா௅ൌ ܧ௏஺ீൈ ܷܥܧ௔஻௦௘௟௜௡௘൅ ܧ௟௔௡௜௚௥௔௠ൈ ሺܷܥܧா௅െ ܷܥܧ௔஻௦௘௟௜௡௘ሻLife‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis137OperatingCostInputs:MaintenanceandRepairCosts•DOEassumedchangesinproductefficiencyincurlittleornochangesinrepairandmaintenancecostsoverbaselineproducts.•Nodifferenceinmaintenanceandrepaircostsbasedonefficiencylevel.Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis138RequestforCommentItem7: DOErequestscommentsonthedeterminationofmaintenance,andrepaircosts.Ifnotappropriate,DOErequestsinformationanddatathatcanbeusedtodevelopappropriaterepairandmaintenancecostsforproductsmoreefficientthanbaselineproducts.RequestforComment139OperatingCostInputs:ProductLifetimes•UseinformationforroomACsfromApplianceMagazine,RECS,andAHStoestablishspecificportableAClifetimes.•DetermineaveragelifetimeforportableACs:10.5yearsLife‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

% retiringyearsLifetime Distribution forPortable Air Conditioners% Surviving% Retiring140OperatingCostInputs:DiscountRates•UsediscountratestoconvertstreamsofannualoperatingexpensestopresentvalueintheLCCanalysis.‒Derivedfromestimatesofthe“financecost”topurchaseresidentialproducts.‒Basedonfinancecostsincluding:•Financialcostofanydebtincurredtopurchaseproducts(e.g.,creditcards,homeequityloans)•Opportunitycostofanyequitytopurchaseproducts(e.g.,stocks,bonds,savingsaccounts)‒UseFederalReserveBoard’sSurveyofConsumerFinancesassourceofequityanddebtdata.Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis141OperatingCostInputs:EnergyEfficiencyintheBaseCase•Representprojecteddistributionsofproductefficienciesinfirstcomplianceyearunderbasecase.(Retailerdata,2014)•MarketsharesestimatedfromanalysisofportableACmodelsavailableatonlineretailers.Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysisEfficiencyLevel MarketShare(%)Baseline 901 52 53 04 0142RequestforCommentItem8: DOErequestscomments,informationanddataonthebasecaseefficiencydistributions.RequestforComment143LCCSavingsResults:ExamplefromtheLCCAnalysisforResidentialApplicationsLife‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysisEfficiencyLevelEERcm(Btu/Wh)AverageCosts2013$SimplePaybackyearsInstalledCostFirstYear’sOperatingCostLifetimeOperatingCostLCCBaseline2.08534 101 8611,394‐‐13.53540 72 6171,1560.224.32541 64 5531,0940.235.28542 59 5051,0460.245.82605 53 4611,0661.5EfficiencyLevelEERcm(Btu/Wh)Life‐CycleCostSavings%ofConsumersWhoExperienceNetCostAverageSavings2013$13.53 32 21224.32 34 27135.28 35 31945.82 37 300144RequestforCommentItem9: DOEinvitescommentsandrecommendationsfrominterestedpartiesonanyotheraspectsrelatedtotheLife‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis.RequestforComment145PublicMeetingTopicsforStandards1RegulatoryHistory,TestProcedures,andOverview2MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening3EngineeringAnalysis4PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis5MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis6Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis7ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis8NextSteps146PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR147•Purpose‒QuantifychangesovertimeinportableACshipmentsduetopotentialnewenergyconservationstandards.•Method‒Relyonarangeofdatasources.‒Accountforreplacementsandfirsttimeowners.ShipmentsAnalysisHistoricalShipmentsPortableACLifetimeShipmentbyusersectorReplacementShipmentsTotalShipmentsFirst‐TimeOwnersMarketsharebyusersector148ShipmentsAnalysis:ModelInputsInputs DataSource/DescriptionHistoricalShipmentsNaturalResourcesCanada(2007):PortableACs accountforapproximately10%ofthetotalshipmentofroomACs.RoomACshipmentsdata:‐UBM,MarketResearch(2010– 2012),‐AHAM(1995– 2009)‐AHAMFactbook(1989– 1994),and‐ApplianceMagazine(1972– 1988).Shipmentsbyuser sectorMarket sharebyusersector:derived fromtheLCCanalysis‐Residentialsector:99%‐Commercialsector:1%ReplacementPortableACslifetime retirementfunctiondevelopedfromtheLCCanalysis‐Averagelifetime=10.5yearsFirst‐Time Owners(FTOs)Historical:FTO=Totalshipments– replacementshipmentsFutureFTO(2013– 2048):0.17%× projectedtotalhousingstocks‐AEO2014ProductPrices andOperatingCostsLCCprovidesproduct pricesfor2019.Productpricetrendisappliedtoproductpricefortheperiod2019– 2048.FutureoperatingcostsestimatedusingAEO2014energypricetrends149•BaseCaseShipmentsProjection(2019– 2048)−Capturebase‐caseshipmentsprojectionwhennewstandardsarenotadopted.−Projectshipmentstoaccountforreplacementsandfirst‐timeowners.−Developbase‐caseprojectionsforusersector.•StandardsCaseShipmentsProjection(2019– 2048)−Projectshipmentsforthebasecaseusinghistoricalshipments.−Developstandardscaseprojectionsaccountingforpurchasepriceincreasesandoperatingcostsavingsthrougha“relative”priceelasticityofdemand.ShipmentsAnalysis:BaseCasevsStandardsCase150ShipmentsAnalysis:ProjectedBaseCaseShipments0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.8

Shipments (million)Base Case Shipments by Market SegmentReplacementFTOs• Replacement shipments account for about 80% of the projected shipmentsduring the analysis period (2019 – 2048).151RequestforCommentItem10: DOErequestscommentsandinformationrelatingtotheinputstotheshipmentsmodel,particularlyhistoricalshipmentsandmarketshareofresidentialusersandcommercialusers.DOEalsowelcomesinputfrominterestedpartiesontheeffectofamendedstandardsonfutureportableACshipments.RequestforComment152PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR153NationalImpactAnalysis•Purpose–Determinetheprojectednationalenergysavingsandconsumernationalnetpresentvalue.•Method–Developannualseriesofnationalenergyandeconomicimpacts.–UsetheshipmentsmodeltoestimatethetotalstockofportableACsinserviceeachyear.–Aggregatethecostsandenergyuseperunitinanygivenyear.–ReportestimatesforeconomicimpactaschangeinconsumerNationalNetPresentValue(NPV)(inconstantyeardollars).–Accountforthetime‐valueofmoneythroughdefineddiscountrates.154ShipmentsModelNationalEnergySavingsNationalEconomicImpactsLCCAnalysisResults andOther InputsNationalEnergy Savings(Quads)NationalNet Present Value(NPV)(2013 US $, billion)•Nationalenergysavingscalculatedforperiodfrom2019‐2048(30yearsofshipments)•NPVcalculatedforproductsshippedovertheperiodfrom2019‐2048(30yearsofshipments)NationalImpactAnalysis:Method155NationalImpactAnalysis:NationalEnergySavingsBase CaseAnnual EnergyConsumption2048Base CaseAnnual EnergyConsumption2021Base CaseAnnual EnergyConsumption2020Base CaseAnnual EnergyConsumption2019ShipmentsAnalysisStandards-Case ProjectionBase-CaseProjectionBase CaseAnnual EnergyConsumption2048Base CaseAnnual EnergyConsumption2021Base CaseAnnual EnergyConsumption2020Standards CaseAnnual EnergyConsumption2019Base-CaseCumulativeEnergy UseStandards-CaseCumulativeEnergy UseSite to FFCEnergyConversionNational EnergySavings156NationalImpactAnalysis:NetPresentValue157NationalImpactAnalysis:Shipment‐WeightedEfficiencyEfficiencyLevelAnnualEnergyUse(kWh/yr)Market Share(%)Residential CommercialBaseCaseCSL1 CSL2 CSL3 CSL4Baseline724 1,713 90 0 0 0 01525 1,411 5 95 0 0 02473 1,330 5 5 100 0 03434 1,274 0 0 0 100 04400 1,173 0 0 0 0 100SWAEU(kWh/yr)Residential 701 522 473 434 400Commercial 1,679 1,407 1,330 1,274 1,173•Derivedbasecaseefficiencydistributionin2019fromtheLCCanalysis.•Incorporatefutureimprovementsinefficiencyandassumedanannualincreaseinefficiencyof0.25%between2019and2048.•“Rollup”inefficientequipmentbutdonotaffectefficientequipment.158Input DescriptionShipments AnnualbasecaseandstandardscaseshipmentsfromtheShipmentanalysis.TotalInstalledCostAnnualweighted‐average perunitvaluesasafunctionofefficiencyleveltakenfromtheLCCanalysis.AnnualEnergyUseAnnualweighted‐averageperunitvaluesasafunctionofefficiencyleveltakenfromLCCanalysis.Base‐CaseEfficienciesShipments‐weightedefficienciesdeterminedfortheeffectiveyear.Basedonbase‐caseefficiency distributionfromLCCanalysis.Assumes0.25%efficiencyimprovementwithoutstandards.Standards‐CaseForecastedEfficienciesRoll‐upscenarioassumedfordeterminingshipment‐weightedefficiencyforeachstandardscase.EnergyPricesAveragepricesandforecastedenergypricesfromEIAAEO2014 forecasts(to2040)andextrapolationto2048.FullFuelCycle Multiplierfortheprimaryfuel (electricity)usedbyportableACs.DiscountRate 7 percentand3percentrealfromOMB’sRegulatoryAnalysisGuidelineA‐4.PresentYear Futureexpensesarediscountedtotheyear2014.NationalImpactAnalysis:Inputs159NationalImpactAnalysis:NationalEnergySavingResultsCSLPortableACsinResidentialSites,FFC(Quads)PortableACsinCommercialSites,FFC(Quads)PortableACsinbothSectors,FFC(Quads)10.55 0.010.5620.71 0.010.7230.83 0.010.8540.96 0.020.98160NationalImpactAnalysis:ConsumerNPVResultsCSLNPVat3%DiscountRate(Billion,2013$)NPVat7%DiscountRate(Billion,2013$)Residential CommercialTotalResidential CommercialTotal13.98 0.064.031.70 0.031.7325.10 0.085.182.19 0.032.2236.02 0.096.112.58 0.042.6246.02 0.116.142.48 0.052.53161RequestforCommentItem11: DOErequestscomments,informationanddataonthebase‐caseefficiencydistributionofportableACs.DOEalsorequestscommentsonwhethertheannualefficiencyimprovements(i.e.,0.25%)thatDOEestimatedisappropriateforthebase‐caseanalysis– andifnot,whatwouldbeamoreappropriateapproachforDOEtoprojectthebase‐caseandstandards‐caseefficiencydistributionfortheanalysisperiod.RequestforComment162PublicMeetingTopicsforStandards1RegulatoryHistory,TestProcedures,andOverview2MarketandTechnologyAssessmentandScreening3EngineeringAnalysis4PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis5MarkupsandEnergyUseAnalysis6Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis7ShipmentsandNationalImpactAnalysis8NextSteps163NOPR Rulemaking StageMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisEnergy UseAnalysisManufacturerImpactAnalysisNOPRFinalRuleConsumerSubgroupAnalysisEmissionsAnalysisUtilityImpactAnalysisEmploymentImpactAnalysisRegulatoryImpactAnalysisEmissionsMonetizationAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod Analysis164•Purpose–Developalistofpotentialnewstandardlevelsfromwhichimpactsareweighedandaproposedstandardlevelisselected.•Eachtrialstandardlevelconsistsofasetofefficiencylevelscoveringallproductclasses,andmayvarybetweenproductclasses.•NOPRanalysesassessimpactsfortrialstandardlevels(notefficiencylevelsforeachproductclass).•Method–Assembletrialstandardlevelsfromtheproductclassesandefficiencylevelsidentifiedinthepreliminaryanalyses.•Trialstandardlevelscoverarangeofefficienciesandcaninclude:–Mostenergyefficientlevel(max‐tech);–Efficiencylevelwiththelowestlife‐cyclecost;–Efficiencylevelwithapaybackperiodofthreeyearsorless;–Efficiencylevelswithnoteworthytechnologies;and–Efficiencylevelsthatfillinlargegaps.TrialStandardLevels165RequestforCommentItem12: DOErequestsfeedbackonthecriteriaitshoulduseforbasingtheselectionofTrialStandardLevels.RequestforComment166ConsumerSubgroupAnalysis•Purpose–Evaluatetheeconomicimpactsofstandardsonconsumersubgroupswhomaybedisproportionatelyimpactedcomparedwiththegeneraluserpopulation.•Method–Identifysenior‐onlyandlow‐incomehouseholds.167RequestforCommentItem13: DOErequestsinputastowhichconsumersubgroups,ifany,itshouldconsiderwhendevelopingstandardsforportableACs.RequestforComment168•Purpose–Estimatetheemissionsreductionsresultingfromnewenergyconservationstandards.–Includesestimatingconsidersfull‐fuel‐cycleemissions;bothpowerplantemissionsand“upstream”emissions.–Includesfugitivemethaneemissions.•Method–ProvidefromNationalImpactAnalysisanannualtime‐seriesofenergysavingsovertheanalysisperiod.–UseEnergyInformationAdministration’sNationalEnergyModelingSystem(NEMS)torepresenttheimpactsofnewstandards.EmissionsAnalysis169EmissionMonetizationAnalysis•UsethemostcurrentSocialCostofCarbon(SCC)valuesdevelopedbyinteragencyprocess.–SCCisintendedtobeamonetarymeasureoftheincrementaldamageresultingfromgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions,including,butnotlimitedto,agriculturalproductivityloss,humanhealtheffects,propertydamagefromrisingsealevels,andchangesintheecosystem.•Usethemostrecent(2013)U.S.governmentinteragencyestimatesoftheSCCforemissionsin2015,permetrictonavoided(in2013$):–$12.0(averagevaluefromdistributionwitha5%discountrate)–$40.5(averagevaluefromdistributionwitha3%discountrate)–$62.4(averagevaluefromdistributionwitha2.5%discountrate)–$119(95th‐percentilevaluefromdistributionwitha3%discountrate)•ReporttheSCCinconstantdollarsasincreasedovertime.•MonetizetheNOxemissionsreductionsresultingfromnewstandards.–Estimatesofmonetaryvaluerangefrom$476to$4,893pershortton.–DOEcalculatedmonetarybenefitsusingamediumvalueof$2,684pershortton.170RequestforCommentItem14: DOEseeksinputonitsplanstouseNEMStoconducttheemissionsanalysisfortheproductscoveredbythisrulemaking.Item15: ArethereanyotheremissionsfactorstheDepartmentshouldconsiderinthisrulemaking?Item16: ArethereotherapproachestotheemissionsanalysisthattheDepartmentshouldconsider?RequestforComment171UtilityImpactAnalysis•Purpose–Estimatethechangesinelectricinstalledcapacityandgenerationthatresultfromnewenergyconservationstandards.•Method–ProvidefromNationalImpactAnalysisanannualtime‐seriesofenergysavingsovertheanalysisperiod.–UseNEMStorepresenttheimpactsofnewstandards.•Output–Reductionsintotalelectricitygeneration.–Reductionsinprimaryfuel(e.g.coal,naturalgas)consumption.–Changestothemixofelectricitygenerationbyfueltype.–Changestototalinstalledcapacity.172RequestforCommentItem17: DOEseeksinputfromstakeholdersonitsplanstouseNEMStoconducttheutilityimpactanalysis.ExamplesofthetypeofinputsoughtbyDOEinclude,butarenotlimitedto,whethertheNEMSmodelisappropriateforassessingtheutilityimpactsofefficiencystandards— andifnot,whatwouldbeamoreappropriatemodeltouse?RequestforComment173EmploymentImpactAnalysis•Purpose–Estimatethenationalnetimpactonjobsasaconsequenceofnewenergyconservationstandards,includingindirectemploymentimpacts.•Method–UsetheImSET(ImpactofSectorEnergyTechnologies)modelfortheevaluationofindirectemploymentimpacts;directemploymentimpactstotheportableairconditioningindustryaredevelopedintheManufacturerImpactAnalysis.–InputintoImSETthechangesinnationalequipmentandenergyexpendituresfromtheNationalImpactAnalysis.174RequestforCommentItem18: DOEwelcomesfeedbackonitsplannedapproachforassessingnationalemploymentimpacts,bothdirectandindirect,anditisinterestedinwhetherothertoolsorfactorsshouldbeconsideredaspartofitsanalysis.Ifothertoolsorfactorsshouldbeconsidered,pleaseidentifythemandexplainwhy,andhow,theyshouldbeintegratedintoDOE'sanalysis.RequestforComment175RegulatoryImpactAnalysis•Purpose–Investigatethenationalimpactsofnon‐regulatoryalternativestomandatorynewenergyconservationstandards.•Method–ModifytheNIAspreadsheettoanalyzethefollowingnon‐regulatoryalternativesandtheirimpactonpurchasepriceandenergyandwateruse.•Output–NationalEnergySavingsandNetPresentValueforthenon‐regulatoryalternatives.•Nonewregulatoryaction•Manufacturertaxcredits•Consumerrebates•Voluntaryefficiencytargets•Consumertaxcredits•Bulkgovernmentprocurement176HowtoSubmitWrittenCommentsInallcorrespondence,pleaserefertothisrulemakingby:– StandardsforPortableAirConditioners– DocketNumberEERE‐2013‐BT‐STD‐0033– RegulationIdentificationNumber(RIN)1904‐AD02Email:PortableAC2013STD0033@ee.doe.govPostal:CourierMs.BrendaEdwardsMs.BrendaEdwardsU.S.DepartmentofEnergyU.S.DepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgram,BuildingTechnologiesProgram,MailstopEE‐5B Suite6001000IndependenceAvenue,SW950L’EnfantPlaza,SWWashington,DC20585‐0121 Washington,DC20024Tel:202586‐2945CommentperiodclosesApril282015,11:59PMET