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PMMAA CANAL COMMISSION

ANNUAL REPORT

FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30. 1990

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Balboa, Republic of Panama

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR

As the first permanent Panamanian Administrator of this great waterway, it is a pleasure to submit the annual report of the Panama Canal Commission

for fiscal year 1990. Sharing in this honor is Mr. Raymond P. Laverty, the

first permanent U.S. Deputy Administrator of the Commission. These

appointments mark a milestone in the implementation of the Panama Canal

treaties and the eventual transfer of the waterway to Panama.

Fiscal year 1990 was another important year for the Panama Canal.

Operation Just Cause, which was initiated in December 1989, restored

democracy to the Republic of Panama and ended the intimidation of Canal

employees by the repressive regime of General Manuel Noriega. The Canal

remained in excellent operating condition throughout the year, and vessels continued to transit safely and expeditiously.

The eleventh year of operation under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaty

concluded with most major elements ofCanal traffic registering their second

consecutive year of decline, despite a slight upturn in commercial cargo

tonnage moving through the waterway. Oceangoing commercial transits decreased marginally by 0.4 percent and average ship size fell, resulting in a

2.3 percent decline in Panama Canal net tonnage as compared to the last fiscal year. Total tolls revenue was up 7.8 percent due to a 9.8 percent toll rate increase which took effect at the beginning of this year. Without the toll rate hike, tolls revenue would have been 1.8 percent below last year.
The Commission continues to make significant investments in modernization, maintenance and improvement projects. Major accomplishments

include the overhaul of four miter gates and associated chamber work at Gatun Locks, continued widening of the Canal's Pacific entrance,

installation of a new firefighting system at Miraflores Locks, and acquisition

of two new tugboats. Careful attention was also given to tailoring human

resource development programs to ensure that well qualified Panamanians

will be available to assume full responsibility for the effective management,

maintenance and operation of the Canal. At the close of the year, Panamanians comprised slightly more than 86 percent of the work force,

with increasing participation in all facets of the Canal's operation.

The Honorable Robert W. Page presented his resignation as Chairman of

the Board of Directors of the Panama Canal Commission, effective the end

of fiscal year 1990, at which time Mr. M. P. W. Stone assumed the

responsibilities of the Chairman. Other changes to the Board included the appointment of four new Panamanian members and one new U.S. member.

I applaud the admirable performance, courageous efforts and personal

sacrifice of the Commission work force during this challenging year. As we

proceed with the final decade leading to the transfer of the Canal to Panama,

I am confident that the Panama Canal is prepared to meet the demands of

the world's shipping community, and will provide high quality transit service for many years to come.

GiLBERTO GUARDIA F. Administrator
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Page

ORGANIZATION CHART vi INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION I THE CANAL I TOLL RATES 2 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 3 OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA 3 OFFICIAL IN WASHINGTON, DC 3 CHAPTER l-CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC 5 COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS 6 COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES 7 CHAPTER II-CANAL OPERATIONS

TRANSIT OPERATIONS 13 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS 15 CHAPTER III-SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

LOGISTICAL SERVICES 19 COMMUNITY SERVICES 20 SANITATION AND GROUNDS MANAGEMENT 21 MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES 22 PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY 22 FIRE PROTECTION 23 CANAL PROTECTION 23 HEALTH AND SAFETY 24 CHAPTER IV-ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL: FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL 25 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM 25 PUBLIC AFFAIRS 26 OMBUDSMAN 27 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 28 GENERAL COUNSEL 28 CHAPTER V—FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 31 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 31 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES 31

III
CONTENTS

Financial Tables Page

TABLE 1.—Statement of Financial Position 34 TABLE 2.—Statement of Operations 36 TABLE 3.—Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States Government 38 TABLE 4.—Statement of Cash Flows 40 TABLE 5.—Statement of Property, Plant and Equipment 42

Notes to Financial Statements 43

CHAPTER VI-STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics TABLE I.— Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1981 Through 1990 50 TABLE 2.—Oceangoing Commercial Traffic by Months— Fiscal Years 1990 and 1989 52 TABLE 3.—Canal Traffic by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1990 53 TABLE 4.—Classification of Canal Traffic by Type of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1990 56 TABLE 5.— Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1990 58 TABLE 6.—Segregation of Transits by Registered Gross Tonnage—Fiscal Year 1990 60 TABLE 7.— Principal Commodities Shipped Through Canal by Fiscal Years

1988 through 1990 62 TABLE 8.—Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama

Canal from Atlantic to Pacific During Fiscal Year 1990 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 66 TABLE 9.—Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama

Canal from Pacific to Atlantic During Fiscal Year 1990 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 72 TABLE 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade RoutesAtlantic to Pacific— Fiscal Year 1990 80 TABLE 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade RoutesPacific to Atlantic— Fiscal Year 1990 104 TABLE 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1990 127

Other Statistics

TABLE 13.—Water Supply and Usage 129 TABLE 14.— Dredging Operations 129 TABLE 15.—Electrical Power Generated 130 TABLE 16.— Fire Division Statistics 130

IV
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LU
INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION

The Panama Canal Commission is an agency of the Executive Branch of

the United States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty of

1977, and estabHshed by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 452; 22

U.S.C. 3601 et seq), enacted September 27, 1979. The authority of the President of the United States with respect to the Commission is exercised

through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Army. The

Commission is supervised by a nine-member Board. Five members are

nationals of the United States appointed by the President with the advice

and consent of the Senate. Four members are nationals of the Republic of

Panama who are proposed by the Republic of Panama for appointment by

the President.

The Commission was established to carry out the responsibilities of the United States with respect to the Panama Canal under the Panama Canal

Treaty of 1977. In fulfilling these obligations, the Commission manages,

operates, and maintains the Canal, its complementary works, installations,

and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessels through the Canal. The Commission will perform these functions until the treaty

terminates on December 31, 1999, at which time the Republic of Panama

will assume full responsibility for the Canal.

The operation of the waterway is conducted on a self-financing basis. The

Commission is expected to recover through tolls and other revenues all costs of operating and maintaining the Canal, including interest, depreciation,

capital for plant replacement, expansion and improvements, and payments

to the Republic of Panama for public services and annuities, in accordance

with paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraphs 4(a) and (b) of Article XIII,

respectively, of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. Revenues from tolls and

all other sources are deposited in the U.S. Treasury in an account known as

the Panama Canal Revolving Fund. The resources in this fund are available

for continuous use and serve to finance Canal operating and capital

programs which are reviewed annually by the Congress.

THE CANAL

The Panama Canal is a lock-type canal approximately 5 1 miles long from

deep water to deep water. The minimum width of the navigable channel is 500 feet. Navigable channel depth can vary according to the amount of water
2 INTRODUCTION

available in Canal storage areas; however, the normal permissible transit draft is 39 feet 6 inches tropical fresh water.

Vessels transiting the Canal are raised in three steps to the level of Gatun

Lake, the principal source of Canal water, then lowered to sea level again in three steps. The three sets of Canal locks are paired so as to permit

simultaneous lockage of two vessels in the same or opposite direction. Since August 15, 1914, the official date of its opening, the Panama Canal

has served world trade virtually without interruption. Through this fiscal year, a total of 704,35 1 vessels of all types have transited with 594,462 or 84.4 percent of the total being of the oceangoing commercial class. TOLL RATES

Toll rates during FY 1990 were: (a) on merchant vessels. Army and Navy

transports, hospital ships, supply ships, and yachts, when carrying passengers or cargo, $2.01 per net vessel ton of 100 cubic feet of actual earning capacity, as determined in accordance with the "Rules of

Measurement of Vessels for the Panama Canal;" (b) on such vessels in ballast, without passengers or cargo, $1.60 per net vessel ton; and (c) on

other floating craft, $1.12 per ton of displacement. These rates have been in effect since October 1, 1989. A temporary 20 percent surcharge on all tariff rates for tug and

linehandling services, approved by the Commission's Board of Directors, was implemented on April 1, 1990. The surcharge is to offset a variety of

unbudgeted extraordinary costs incurred by the Commission as a result of

the actions and political decisions of the former Panama regime of General

Manuel Noriega. Shortly after the close of fiscal year 1990, a decision was made to terminate the surcharge on February 28, 1991. By treaty, the United States continues to provide to Colombia free transit through the Canal of its troops, materials of war, and ships of war.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Ending Fiscal Year 1990

Honorable Robert W. Page

Chairman, Board of Directors

Panama Canal Commission

Washington, D.C.

Honorable Cecilia A. Alegre

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Luis A. ANDERSON

Mexico, D.F., Mexico

Honorable Andrew E. Gibson

Short Hills, New Jersey

Honorable Robert R. McMillan

Garden City, New York

Honorable ALFREDO N. Ramirez

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Walter J. Shea

Annapolis, Maryland

Honorable Joaquin J. Vallarino, Jr. Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable William W. Watkin, Jr. Brevard, North Carolina

Executive Committee

Honorable Robert W. Page

Chairman

Honorable Alfredo N. Ramirez

Honorable Walter J. Shea

Honorable JoAQUiN J. Vallarino, Jr. Honorable William W. Watkin, Jr.

OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Administrator Honorable GiLBERTO GUARDlA F. Deputy Administrator Honorable Raymond P. Laverty

official in WASHINGTON, D.C.

Assistant to the Chairman and Secretary MICHAEL RHODE, Jr.
CANAL TRAFFIC

c
Chapter I

CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC

Most major elements of Canal traffic registered their second consecutive year of decline in fiscal year 1990, despite a slight upturn in commercial

cargo tonnage moving through the waterway. The fear of recession in the U.S. economy, the economic slowdown in other regions important to the

Canal and structural changes in certain trades explain the weak results. There were no indications that traffic levels were significantly affected by the

political problems that were ongoing in Panama at the outset of the year or by the U.S. military action (Operation Just Cause) initiated in late December

1989. Oceangoing transits in fiscal year 1990 were 12,052 or 33.0 daily,

marginally below the 12,075 or 33.1 transits per day achieved in fiscal year

1989. Commercial vessels accounted for 11,941 oceangoing transits,

decHning 0.4 percent from the 11,989 transits in the prior year. Vessels owned or operated by the U.S. Government and free Colombian and

Panamanian Government vessels accounted for 1 1 1 transits, compared with

86 transits in fiscal year 1989. The number of large beam vessels and average ship size also decreased

during the year. Ships with beams of 80 feet or greater accounted for 5,545

transits or 46.0 percent of total oceangoing transits, versus 5,734 or 47.5 percent in fiscal year 1989. Likewise, vessel transits by the largest ships

capable of passing through the waterway — those with beams of 100 feet and

over—decreased from 2,765 in fiscal year 1989 to 2,745 in fiscal year 1990. These wide beam vessels accounted for 22.8 percent and 22.9 percent of total oceangoing transits in fiscal years 1990 and 1989, respectively. The drop in large vessel transits resulted in a decrease in average Panama Canal net tons

per transit, with the average tonnage of oceangoing commercial vessels falHng 1.8 percent to 15,2 16 tons in fiscal year 1990 compared to 15,500 tons

in the prior year. The decline in transits and average ship size resulted in total Panama

Canal net tonnage declining 2.3 percent to 182.7 million tons compared to 187.0 million tons in fiscal year 1989. A 9.8 percent toll rate increase,

effective at the outset of fiscal year 1990, generated higher tolls revenue

5
6 CANAL TRAFFIC

despite the decline in total Panama Canal net tonnage. Tolls revenue reached an all-time record level of $355.6 million, up 7.8 percent from the $329.8

million collected in fiscal year 1989. Without the toll rate hike, however,

actual tolls revenue would have fallen by 1 .8 percent to the lowest level since

fiscal year 1985. The relatively weak performance indicated by the fall in transits and

Panama Canal net tonnage occurred even while cargo tonnage passing

through the Canal increased 3.5 percent over the prior year, from 151.9 million long tons to 1 57.3 million. The decline in transits and Panama Canal

net tonnage, despite the increase in cargo tonnage, reflects a more efficient utilization of vessels, coupled with a shift in the mix of cargo toward more

bulk type commodities.

A two-year summary of the key elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue

is shown in the table below, followed by a more detailed description of cargo

movements by trade route. COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal year

I 1990 1989 I Oceangoing transits: Commercial 1 1,941 1 1,989 U.S. Government 91 74 Free 20 \2 Total 12,052 12,075

Daily average 33.0 33.

1

Small transits: Commercial 1,017 997

U.S. Government 240 287

Free \6 30

Total 1,273 1,314

Total cargo: Commercial 157,074,475 151,644,424

U.S. Government 248,442 224,121 Free 6 3 Total 157,322,923 151,868,548

Total Panama Canal net tons and reconstructed displace- ment tonnage 182,709,855 186,962,894

Transit revenue: Commercial tolls $353,841,162 $327,946,771

U.S. Government tolls 1,716,795 1,818,855

Tolls revenue $355,557,957 $329,765,626

Harbor pilotage, tug, launch, and other services $78,113,078 $70,008.117

Total transit revenue $433,671,035 $399,773,743
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES

Cargo shipments through the Canal rose in fiscal year 1990. Total

commercial cargo increased 3.6 percent to 157.1 million long tons from the

151.6 million tons in fiscal year 1989, due to an upturn in bulk commodity

groups, such as petroleum and ores and metals, and a rise in certain other

cargoes, including agricultural commodities and refrigerated foods. The

improvements registered in these Canal commodity groups more than offset the losses in automobiles, phosphates and numerous other trades. Grains, which is the principal commodity shipped through the Canal,

increased 1 . 1 percent to 30.2 million long tons from 29.9 million tons in fiscal year 1989. The upturn in this commodity resulted from a sharp rise in corn and soybean exports from the U.S. to the Far East via the Canal. The

depressed value of the dollar versus the Japanese yen improved the

competitiveness of U.S. grains, partially explaining the favorable

performance in corn shipments. Corn tonnage through the Canal rose 33.7 percent to 14.0 million long tons from the 10.5 million tons in the prior year, with about 10.0 million long tons or nearly 70.0 percent of this total destined

for Japan. Other components of the grain category also increased. Soybeans

rose 17.4 percent to 6.2 million tons from 5.2 million tons, and sorghum was up 4.9 percent to 2.0 million tons from 1.9 million tons in fiscal year 1989. Wheat, the second largest commodity in the grain group, decUned

dramatically by 38.4 percent to 6.8 million tons from the record 1 1.0 million tons the prior year. Wheat shipments from the U.S. to China decreased

nearly 51 percent to 3.8 million long tons from the 7.7 million tons the prior

year, due mainly to a bumper wheat harvest in China.

An upturn was also registered in petroleum and products, the second

major commodity group in FY 1990. Petroleum and products rose 13.5 percent to 25.2 million long tons from 22.2 million tons in the prior year. Crude oil rose 17.6 percent to 9.3 million tons from 7.9 million tons in FY

1989. Ecuadorian crude o'l, which accounted for about 69 percent of the crude shipped through the Canal was the principal factor in that upturn.

Ecuadorian crude oil is destined primarily for the U.S. East Coast, Panama,

and the West Indies. Petroleum products moving through the Canal rose

11.2 percent to 16.0 million long tons from 14.4 million tons in fiscal year

1989. Residual fuel oil flows increased 32.0 percent to about 5.5 million tons from 4.2 million tons the prior year. This commodity was the principal

contributor to the increase registered in this group. Residual fuel shipments

originated primarily in Peru and Ecuador and were destined for the U.S.

East Coast. Strong growth was observed in the tonnage of ores and metals this fiscal year. It reached 12.5 million long tons, rising 18.5 percent from 10.5 million

long tons in 1989. Total ores, accounting for nearly 66.0 percent of the group, rose 20.1 percent to 8.2 million long tons from 6.8 million tons the

prior year. Aluminum/ bauxite ore, the leading commodity within the group, increased 37.1 percent to 3.3 million tons. Nearly 77 percent of the aluminum/ bauxite originated in Australia and was primarily destined for the U.S. East Coast. The movement of metals rose 15.6 percent to 4.2 million
CANAL TRAFFIC

long tons from 3.7 million tons in 1989. Scrap metal was the largest

component of the metal group, showing a 9.6 percent increase to 2.2 million

long tons. Containerized cargo, accounting for nearly 80.0 percent of the commodities grouped under the "All Other" category, rose 3.9 percent to 20.7 million long tons from the 19.9 million tons the prior year. The

moderate growth rate continued to reflect the slower growth trend initiated

in 1985 in containerized cargo shipped through the Canal. Fifty-three

percent of the containerized cargo through the Canal involved trade between

the U.S. and the Far East, with U.S. exports to the Far East totaling 6.1 million long tons compared with 5.7 million tons in the prior year. U.S. imports from the Far East remained flat at 4.9 million tons. The relatively

weak performance of the important container trade continues to reflect, for the second consecutive year, the slowdown in the U.S. and Japanese

economies and the strong competition exerted in this trade by the U.S. intermodal system. The U.S. West Coast to Europe route, the second most

important container trade, rose 7. 1 percent to 2.9 milHon long tons from 2.7 million tons in 1989. Automobile shipments declined 16.4 percent in fiscal year 1990 to 1.7 million long tons from 2.0 million tons in 1989. Because of their configuration, car carriers pay the highest toll per cargo ton of any vessel type in Canal traffic. Accordingly, a drop in automobile tonnage translates into a disproportionately higher reduction in Panama Canal net tonnage

and tolls revenue. This drop in tonnage reflects the third consecutive year of

poor trade, contributing largely to the downturn in Canal traffic. The trade

continued to be adversely affected by structural changes in the automobile

industry due to the establishment of Japanese car manufacturing plants in the U.S. and Europe and the slowdown in consumer demand. Automobiles

from Japan destined for the U.S. East Coast, totaled 1.1 million long tons

versus 1.4 million tons in 1989. The coal and coke trade is another major commodity group that declined

in fiscal year 1990. This trade dropped 9.2 percent to 8.1 million tons from

8.9 million tons the prior year. The drop in purchases of Japanese coke by

the U.S. was down nearly 54 percent to about 550 thousand long tons from

the 1.2 million tons in the prior year. The coal segment of the group rose 5.

1

percent to 7.1 million long tons from 6.8 million in 1989. However, coal

originating in the U.S. East Coast decreased 3.3 percent to 4.7 miUion long

tons compared with 4.8 million in 1989. Coal from Hampton Roads

bypassing the Canal, which reached a record level of 6.6 million in fiscal year

1990, is responsible for the decline. U.S. coal shipments destined for Japan

slid 34.6 percent to 1.6 million long tons versus 2.4 million tons the year

before. Shipments to Taiwan, however, increased 52.9 percent to 2.6 million tons from 1.7 million tons in 1989. The nitrates, phosphates and potash group dropped 2.9 percent to 13.8 million long tons from 14.2 million tons in 1989. Phosphates, which

accounted for 60 percent of the group, decreased 4.4 percent to 8.2 million tons from about 8.6 million tons in 1989. Nearly 73 percent of the phosphates
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 9

tonnage shipped through the Canal originated in the U.S. East Coast and

was destined primarily for the Far East. China received about 2.5 million

long tons, while Japan and South Korea each imported close to 1.2 million

tons. A number of commodity groups, such as chemicals and petroleum

chemicals and manufactures of iron and steel also registered declines in 1990. However, these shortfalls were offset by gains in other commodities

including miscellaneous minerals, other agricultural commodities and

lumber and products.

Trade between the East Coast of the United States and Asia continues to dominate Canal traffic, accounting for 36.5 percent of total commercial

cargo. Cargo on this route declined, however, by 4.0 percent to 57.4 million

long tons from 59.7 million long tons in 1989. The following tables show the principal commodity groups moving in oceangoing commercial vessels in fiscal year 1990 and a comparison of the major trade routes in fiscal year 1990 and fiscal year 1989.
10 CANAL TRAFFIC

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 11

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12 CANAL OPERATIONS

Tests were conducted on the new foam fire fighting system installed at Miraflores Locks. The

system consists of eight remote controlled foam nozzles located strategically at the forebay and tailbay areas of the locks. Upper photograph shows the northeast lane filled with foam

following the test. Lower photograph shows the test in progress.
Chapter II

CANAL OPERATIONS

Canal operations are comprised of Transit Operations and Maintenance

and Related Canal Projects. The various functions are divided among a number of operating bureaus within the Canal agency. TRANSIT OPERATIONS

Daily average transits by oceangoing vessels was 33.0 per day during fiscal year 1990. Average time in Canal waters increased from 17.4 hours in fiscal year 1989 to 24.4 hours in fiscal year 1990. This increase was attributable in part to the brief closure of the Canal and temporary limitations on Canal

operations during U.S. military action associated with Operation Just Cause.

Percent Percent

Vessels of total Vessels of total of 600-foot oceangoing of 80-foot oceangoing

Fiscal rear length and over transits beam and over transits 1990 3.772 31.3 5,545 46.0 1989 3,913 32.4 5,734 47.5 1988 4,047 32.9 6,027 48.9 1987 4,005 32.5 5,902 48.0 1986 4,131 34.4 5,898 49.1 1985 3,862 33.1 5,514 47.3 1984 3,865 33.9 5,496 48.3 1983 4,157 35.1 5,869 49.5 1982 5,534 39.5 7,226 51.1 1981 4,855 34.7 6,364 45.5 1980 4,598 33.8 6,089 44.7 The number of vessels transiting at more than 36-foot draft decreased 4.8 percent: 1,780 vessels during FY 1990 compared to 1,698 during fiscal year

1989. The maximum allowable draft remained at 39 feet 6 inches during the

entire fiscal year. As a result of events associated with Operation Just Cause, the Panama

Canal closed at 0036 hours on December 20, 1989, and resumed limited

service at 0600 hours on December 21, 1989. Full 24-hour operations

resumed at 1000 hours on December 25, 1989. Total jobs performed by Commission tugs decreased from 38,579 in fiscal year 1989 to 37,072 in fiscal year 1990.

13
14 CANAL OPERATIONS

Dry chamber work is performed at Gatun Locks while vessels continue to transit the Canal

utilizing the alternate lane. Two vessels can partially be seen to the left during lockage

operations while another vessel approaches Gatun Locks. More than 13,000 vessels pass through the Canal each year.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 15

h'iscal tear

' 1989 1990 I Oceangoing transits 1 2,075 1 2,052 Tug jobs: Balboa 25,759 26,191 Cristobal 12,820 10,881 Tug operating hours 6 1 ,60

1

58,2 1

5

MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS

Maintenance and improvements to the Canal continued to progress throughout the year. The various divisions and units of the Engineering and

Construction Bureau are generally responsible for the overall physical

maintenance and improvement of the waterway. The Marine Bureau

operates and maintains the locks and related facilities. Channel Improvements: Routine maintenance dredging, as well as the

project to widen the channel at the Pacific Entrance continued during the

year. Over 3.6 million cubic yards were excavated from the Pacific Entrance

this year. Additional statistics on the volume of material dredged appear in Table 14 of this report.

Locks: Installation of new locks wall fendering was completed at the Gatun and Pedro Miguel Locks tailbay and substantially completed at the Miraflores tailbay. A similar system has been designed for the approach wall and will be tested at the Pedro Miguel South East Center Wall in 1991. Gatun Locks Miter Gates 5, 6, 13 and 14 were removed for overhaul and

replaced with previously rehabilitated gates, 17, 18, 29 and 30. Work was

also performed on exposed underwater and topside machinery at Gatun

Locks. Miraflores Locks Miter Gates 122 and 123 underwent internal and

external painting. Structural repairs were made to Miter Gate 64. Gate 64

will be painted and placed back in service in 1991.

Installation of a new marine foam-type fire protection system is now in its final phase at Miraflores Locks. The system being installed consists of a total of eight remote controlled foam nozzles strategically located at the entrances

to the lock chamber. Similar systems are planned for Pedro Miguel and

Gatun Locks.

Construction of a new office building at Pedro Miguel Locks to house the Superintendent Pacific Branch is well underway. Completion is scheduled

for the early part of FY 1991. Digital microwave links were installed to connect the Balboa telephone

exchange to the Pacific Locks. These links provide reliable high speed

transmission of data, radio and telephone traffic. With the installation of 40 cast coil transformers at Pedro Miguel Locks,

the replacement of PCB transformers at the Locks was completed.

One leaf and A-frame of the Gatun Locks Vehicular Bridge, damaged on

the centerwall west side by a transiting vessel, was replaced with a spare. Three rising stem valves were completely rehabilitated and modified to the

slider type.
16 CANAL OPERATIONS

Dams and Spillways: The Industrial Division overhauled the eight gates

at Miraflores Spillway.

The manufacture of six new sluice gates for Madden Dam was underway

at year end at the Industrial Division.

Communications: To improve the reliability and capability of its telecommunications services, the Commission purchased fiber optic cable to span the Isthmus. When completed in 1991, the new system will provide

alternate transmission routes and enhanced voice, data, and video services to

all major Commission operating areas. These facilities will directly support

the marine traffic control, management information, and security systems on the Canal.

Floating Equipment Maintenance: Scheduled major overhauls were performed on the tugs Parfitt, Schley and Progreso, Fuel Barge No. 2, Dredge Tender Diablo. The overhaul of Fuel Barge No. 103 was underway

at year end. An interim overhaul was carried out on the Tug Trinidad, and

the Amistad was still in the yard at year end. Emergency repairs were

accomplished on the Tug Harding main engines. Maintenance and

rehabilitation work was done on the Craneboat Atlas, the ladder bail of the Dredge Christensen, and the boom on Anchor Barge No. 1. Acquisitions/ Contracts: Two new diesel powered tractor tugboats, the D. P. McAuliffe and the Unidad, were placed in service on February 24 and

March 28, respectively. A contract for about $1.3 million was awarded for the construction of a new small dredge tender with improved power and

maneuverability. Other contracts were awarded for cleaning and repairing

miter gates; replacing 44KV line track span towers; constructing CulebraLirio East Diversion Ditch drainage system; rehabilitation of Farfan Spoil Area; stabiUzation work at CocoH Hill and Lirio East Slide; constructing a

Grit Blasting and Painting Facility, Mt. Hope; improvements to Paraiso

Landing; Replacing Switchgear at Pedro Miguel Locks, construction of

Marine Facilities, Building 13 and 14, Gatun; and replacing Gatun Locks

South Locomotive Turntable.

18 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

w
Chapter III

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

Supporting operations of the Panama Canal Commission provided

essential support services to the operation and maintenance of the waterway

and the Agency's facilities, as well as to other U.S. agencies on the Isthmus

and to employees and their dependents. These operations included logistical

services, community services, sanitation and grounds management,

transportation services, public utilities, fire protection, canal protection,

health and safety and other employee services. LOGISTICAL SERVICES

The Logistical Support Division provided centralized procurement,

inventory management, warehousing, distribution, contract administration

and supply and property disposal support to Canal operations. A total of

$64.4 million in goods and services were procured in fiscal year 1990,

including $23.9 million from sources in Panama. This reflects $7.9 million

for Bunker "C" oil for thermoelectric power generation purchased from

Refineria Panama, S.A. and $4.5 million for light diesel fuel oil purchased

from Esso Standard Oil. Major contracting obligations included $333,160

for aluminum sulphate; $461,170 for Dredge Mindi parts; $333,520 for replacement Scada master station; $612,900 for miter gate parts; $334,200

for locks rubber fenders; $63 1 ,740 for steel sheet piling; $648,555 for a 75-ton

lattice boom crane; $1,885,800 for a towing locomotive turntable; $325,850

for SF6 gas circuit breakers; $1,001,300 for two fire trucks; $1,298,000 for a dredge tender; and $461,540 for 75 KM-fiber optic cable. Approximately $17.3 milHon in inventory items were issued for Commission use, and $19.2 million were obligated for new inventory

purchases during the year. A total inventory of 38,674 line items with an

average cost value of $30.8 million was on hand at year-end.

Activities of the Excess Disposal Unit included no-cost transfers to other

U.S. Government agencies of excess equipment having an original

acquisition value of approximately $1.4 milHon, while surplus property sold

to the Government of Panama at current fair market value amounted to approximately $11,767. Sales to others amounted to $518,138.

The New Orleans Branch in Louisiana expedited urgent purchases and

19
20 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

coordinated all Commission cargo shipments from the United States to Panama. Under the coverage of the Military Sealift Command's contract,

20,019 measurement tons of containerized and breakbulk cargo were

shipped to the Port of Las Minas, Republic of Panama.

COMMUNITY SERVICES

During fiscal year 1990, the Community Services Division managed

employee housing. Commission-owned buildings, a technical resources

center and the employee fitness program for the agency. The housing portion of the operation dedicated its resources to managing,

maintaining, repairing, performing preventive maintenance and bringing up

to standard the safety and security aspects of the quarters inventory, and

assisting residents with physical security inspections and supporting

neighborhood crime watch programs. As part of the implementation of the multiyear housing management plan, the division identified Diablo and

Margarita as housing areas for future transfer to the Government of

Panama. As a result of the Presidential mandate to move U.S. citizens off the economy, the division continued its inter-service agreement with DOD,

whereby 68 DODDS employees occupied PCC housing units. At the end of

the fiscal year, the agency retained the use of 1,545 housing units for its U.S.

citizen and other eligible employees. This represents only 35% of the inventory of approximately 4,300 units owned by the Panama Canal

Company immediately prior to entry into force of the Panama Canal Treaty

in 1 979, indicating that a total of 65% of those units have been transferred to Panama in 1 1 years since Treaty implementation. No houses were

transferred in fiscal year 1990. The buildings management activity is responsible for the maintenance and

operation of Commission buildings and structures (not specifically assigned

to other Commission units) and for a centralized custodial service. As an

ongoing project, this unit continued to modify facilities to comply with

OS HA standards for handicapped personnel and increased physical security

to all buildings. No buildings were transferred to the Government of

Panama during the year. The Housing Management Branch and the Buildings Management

Branch were merged to form a single branch toward the end of the fiscal year. This was done in an effort to effect savings by consolidating

management and supervisory duties in several areas. The furniture

warehouse for the housing operation on the Atlantic district has been

eliminated.

The Technical Resources Center provided mission-support information

and research to all units of the Commission and other U.S. agencies and

maintained a collection of library and tridimensional materials relating to

the history and operation of the Panama Canal. This unit supported the professional development of the pilot understudies, apprentices, clerical trainees and other employees through workshops and publications. Online

access to computer data banks in the United States, such as DIALOG and
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 21

OCLC, continued to support reference and acquisition services during the

year. The Employee Fitness Branch administered a variety of duty-related as well as off-duty fitness programs and facilities for Commission employees

and their dependents. It continued training various Commission units in rescue, water safety, advanced life saving and survival floating, and is responsible for certifying swimming proficiency of job applicants and

employees. The Branch provides a great beneficial impact on community

activities and morale.

SANITATION AND GROUNDS MANAGEMENT

The sanitation activity provides environmental health support to Commission employees and Panama Canal operating units. This

responsibility extends to protecting the work force from tropical diseases

transmitted by insect and arthropod vectors. Mosquito control measures

received highest priority in FY 1990 due to the small, yet constant, increase

in Canal area breeding by Aedes aegypti, the vector of yellow and dengue

fever. Only three aegypti breeding foci were discovered in FY 1989,

compared to 54 breeding sites found within the Pacific residential district during FY 1990. Each of these foci was quickly eliminated through timely

spraying of larvicides and applications of insecticidal fogs. Intensified surveillance and litter removal kept these isolated infestations from

spreading and ensured each eradication effort was complete.

A brief, non-routine accomplishment during FY 1 990 was the prompt and

effective sanitation of the Canal area following U.S. military action which

took place in Panama on December 20, 1989. Due to nonavailability of any

trash collection services by Panama during this period, the backlog of

household refuse within Commission residential areas reached a point where

accumulations of garbage from overflowing refuse containers presented a

public health risk. Within a few days, however, sufficient Sanitation and

Grounds employees reported to work to allow organizing emergency refuse

collection crews, who quickly restored sanitary conditions within the Canal

area community. By mid January Panama's refuse collection agency

renewed its service. Refuse disposal services at the Commission's Atlantic and Pacific sanitary

landfills continued to be provided for all Canal area solid wastes, including

those from U.S. military installations and Government contractors. Such

refuse from Pacific area defense sites comprised 83% of the total handled at the Red Tank landfill, while at Mt. Hope landfill on the Atlantic coast, where refuse from DIMA (Government of Panama trash collection agency)

as well as that from the U.S. military installations are deposited, about 73%

originated from Panamanian sources. The tonnage of refuse handled at both

facilities has remained stable over the past five years, varying between 60,000

and 67,000 tons annually.

Grounds Branch crews maintained 2,900 acres of improved grounds

within Commission residential areas and Panama Canal industrial and

vessel transit facilities. Vegetation was kept under control along utility line
22 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

rights-of-way, Gatun Dam, saddle dams, and around all aids to navigation:

the 140 towers and targets, plus canal bank lighting and station markers.

Staff agronomists provided technical oversight of tree planting and general

care for 64,000 tree seedlings of fast-growing species of Acacia and Gmelina

trees used to reforest slopes at several landslide sites along Gaillard Cut. The

trees will reduce erosion and their shade will help retard the growth of

unwanted vegetation which hinders inspections by geotechnical engineers of

soil stability markers along the canal slopes. In May, an attack by Africanized honey bees resuhed in a fatality of a 67- year-old Commission employee, a Grounds Branch engineering equipment

operator who was working at a remote duty station when he was stung. He

suffered serious medical complications and expired three months later. Analysis of the data compiled by the entomology unit on all Africanized

bee swarms has shown that the seasonal numbers of Africanized honeybee

colonies reported to PCC are now fairly stable, with predictably high

numbers of swarms and nests occurring during the dry season (January

through April) followed by a rapid decline in sightings after the onset of

heavy rains in July. There were 167 bee colonies destroyed in FY 1990, 28%

more than those controlled in FY 1989. A significant part of this increase was

due to more than twice the number of bee control operations on the Atlantic

side of the Isthmus compared to the previous year. Five Africanized bee swarms were removed from transiting ships in FY 1 990, two more than in FY

1989. MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

The Motor Transportation Division operated and maintained a consolidated motor pool of 940 vehicles designed to meet the vehicular

transportation requirements of the Commission. The vehicle fleet in fiscal year 1990 included 639 trucks of various types, 211 passenger-carrying

vehicles, 43 special purpose vehicles and 47 special equipment. Vehicle

mileage increased slightly from 7,433,137 in FY 1989 to 7,466,000 in FY

1990. Fully equipped shops, including a tire retreading facility and heavy

duty repair shops, provided facilities for overhauls, maintenance and repairs

to the Motor Transportation Division fleet and equipment of other

Commission units. The vehicle inspection facilities located within the Motor

Transportation Division were only used to perform official Commission

vehicle inspections.

PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY

Panama Canal Commission facilities include electric power generation

and distribution systems, communication systems, water purification and

distribution systems, and a central chilled water air conditioning system for

certain public buildings.

Total Canal area energy demand during fiscal year 1990 was 532 gigawatt

hours, a 2 percent increase from the 524 gigawatts used last year. The peak

hourly demand of 84.6 megawatts reached on June 19, 1990, shows a slight

increase from the 83.6 megawatt peak reached in fiscal year 1989. Electrical
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 23

power consumed for Commission operations only was 64.3 gigawatt hours,

1.7 percent above the previous year. Gasoline and petroleum distillate fuel usage by the Commission during FY 1990 (excluding fuel for power

generation), was 4.7 miUion gallons, 7.8 percent lower than in FY 1989. Combined fuel and electrical energy consumption by the Commission,

calculated in btu's, also showed an overall decrease, 2.4 percent, in comparison with FY 1989. The water treatment and distribution systems operated by the Commission provide potable water for the Canal area and areas of the Republic of Panama. The Pacific side system serves the Canal area, portions

of Panama City, and suburban areas. During fiscal year 1990, the two

systems supplied 3.39 billion cubic feet of potable water to consumers, a

slight increase of about 0.30 percent from the previous year. Water supplied

by the Panama Canal Commission to Panama City and Colon metropolitan

areas amounted to approximately 57. 1 million gallons per day.

FIRE PROTECTION

The Panama Canal Commission Fire Division and the Bomberos of the Republic of Panama, in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, are responsible for providing fire protection, firefighting, and rescue operation in Canal operating areas, defense sites, civilian and military areas of coordination and shipboard firefighting on all vessels in Canal area

waters. Commission responses for FY 1990 totaled 5,934, compared to 6,473 for FY 1989. The marine stand-by program for hazardous ships at the locks

accounted for slightly more than 32 percent of the responses this year. This

service is provided by Fire Division personnel with foam apparatuses on

stand-by at the locks as a marine safety measure for certain vessels designated by the Marine Bureau because of dangers of certain cargos. The

critical period is considered to be when a vessel is entering the locks. There were 1,653 responses for ambulance service compared to 1,776 in FY 1989. This division also responded to a total of 91 bomb threats during

FY 1990 as compared to 101 in FY 1989. Excluding ship fires, there were 453

fires this year, nearly a 14 percent reduction over FY 1989. Most incidents were grass and brush fires, which frequently occurred during the vulnerable

dry season. Additional fire statistics appear in Table 16 of this report.

In accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, formal joint

training was conducted on 9 occasions with the Bomberos of the Republic of

Panama as compared to 10 for last year. This figure is in addition to regularly occurring joint responses to fires and other emergencies. (NOTE:

FY 1989 figures given above are revised from those reported in fiscal year

1989.)

CANAL PROTECTION

The Mission of the Canal Protection Division is to provide security for

installations and facilities devoted to the operation, maintenance and

management of the Panama Canal. During the year, security hardware
24 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

improvements continued at the most critical installations and support

facilities. Foremost is the installation of a centralized security control system to monitor all Commission security control functions for Canal protection.

Since January 1990, the division has assisted the Panama National Police in the patrolling of Commission town sites and land and water areas of the Canal.

HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Occupational Health and Safety Divisions are components of the

Office of Personnel Administration. The Personnel Director is the Designated Agency Safety and Health Official. The Panama Canal

Commission is committed to ensuring a safe and healthful workplace for its employees, an objective which enjoys support from all levels of Commission

management.

During fiscal year 1990, the Commission experienced 374 performanceof-duty accidents/ illnesses for which employees required medical attention

beyond first aid, as compared to 486 in fiscal year 1989. The incident rate continued its downward trend from 5.7 per 100 employees in fiscal year 1989

to 4.5 in fiscal year 1990. There were three fatalities in fiscal year 1990. Workplace health and safety made headway in the Commission during

fiscal year 1990, in spite of high stress levels leading up to and following U.S.

military action (Operation Just Cause) in Panama. The President's DrugFree Federal Workplace Plan was fully implemented with the addition to the Commission's program of random, follow-up and expanded applicant drug

testing. The Employee Assistance Program continued its valuable role by

providing rehabilitative services related to substance abuse, stress management counseling and training to an increased number of employees.

In addition, formal workplace inspections and evaluations continued, with

special emphasis on compliance with the Hazard Communication Policy;

confined space surveys were conducted; an AIDS in the Workplace Policy was issued and related training provided; a Safety and Health Handbook of

varied work procedures was distributed; Emergency Medical Technician

classes were held; and productive communication was resumed with the Panama Social Security System regarding medical and compensation

benefits. Likewise, the joint labor/ management Safety and Health

Committee continued to make positive contributions.
Chapter IV

ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL

FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL

At the end of fiscal year 1990, the total Isthmian force of the Commission

was 8,332 compared to 8,577 employees in fiscal year 1989. Of the total Isthmian force, 7,281 were permanent and 1,051 temporary. Of the permanent Isthmian work force, 6,280 (86.25%) were Panamanians, 927

(12.73%) were U.S. citizens and 74 (1.02%) were third country nationals.

Eighteen persons, all U.S. citizens, were employed by the Commission in New Orleans and Washington, D.C.

The total Commission payroll was $204.8 million in fiscal year 1990

compared to $200.5 million in fiscal year 1989. Of the total Commission

fiscal year 1990 payroll, $150.7 million was paid to non-U. S. citizen employees and $54.1 million to U.S. citizen employees.

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM

The Agency's FY 1989 Accomplishment Report for Minorities and

Women and the FY 1990 Affirmative Action Program Plan for the hiring,

placement, and advancement of people with disabilities were submitted to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission as required.

Formal EEO complaints reflected an increase from the previous fiscal year by 64.7 percent. Four workshops on the prevention of sexual

harassment in the workplace were conducted this year for a total of 88

employees. Black History Month, National Hispanic Heritage Month and

National Disability Employment Awareness Month were commemorated.

Four hundred and fifty employees attended Women's Week training during

March 1990. Training in the EEO complaints process was provided to 70

employees and supervisors. Panamanian Preference Program monitoring

continued to reflect increased participation of R.P. nationals at all levels. The composition of the work force by sex and minority group for FY 1 990 is reflected below:

25
26 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

Sex Male 87.4%

Female '2o%

Minority Group

Hispanics Blacks Whiles Orientals Indians 64.9% 22.7% 10.6% 1.5% 0.3%

PUBLIC AFFAIRS

The Office of Public Affairs is responsible for handling all public affairs,

orientation services and informational activities of the Panama Canal

Commission, both locally and internationally. In this connection, through

the Commission publication The Panama Canal Spillway, local and

international press releases, video tapes, films and exhibits, matters of

related interest were disseminated to the work force, the public at large and

the shipping industry in particular. The Graphic Branch assisted in this work

by providing a broad range of photographic and audiovisual support

services. The workload of the Office of Public Affairs peaked for such high-interest events as the naming of an acting administrator and deputy administrator on

January 1, 1990; the appointment of the Panamanian members to the Panama Canal Commission Board of Directors; activities in the aftermath

of the December 20, 1989, U.S. military action; the murder of the Commission's Chief Financial Officer; the establishment of a temporary

surcharge on certain Canal services for transiting vessels; and the appointment and final confirmation of a new Panamanian administrator

and U.S. deputy administrator on September 20, 1990. Other activities of note included support to the local campaign against dengue fever through

the production of a video in English and Spanish and a centerspread in the Spillway on the control of the Aedes —aegypti mosquito, and

encouragement to Panamanian firms to compete for a greater share of the Commission's product and services procurement market through exhibits

prepared in coordination with the General Services Bureau's Logistical

Support Division for EXPOCOMER at the ATLAPA Convention Center

and the David International Fair in David, Chiriqui Province. At year's end,

Canal issues of interest to both local and international news media

representatives appeared to focus on the type of agency Panama will need to create to administer the Canal after the year 2000; the need for and timing of

Gaillard Cut widening; and the future of the Canal based on forecasts regarding factors such as economic fluctuations, changes in shipping routes and commodities, and the use of post-PANAMAX size vessels on alternate

routes. Except for news media representatives and congressional delegations,

there were few visitors to the Canal at the beginning of the year, but monthly

figures soon picked up to surpass last year's monthly average.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 27 OMBUDSMAN

The Office of the Ombudsman was estabhshed pursuant to implementing

legislation of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The office responds to employees and dependents' complaints, grievances, and requests for information; and channels many issues to the proper authorities for processing under existing statutes or administrative regulations. Generally,

the Office of the Ombudsman investigates administrative problems,

inefficiencies, omissions and policy conflicts existing within the Panama

Canal Commission and other U.S. Government agencies on the Isthmus of

Panama resulting from the treaty. The office provides the widest latitude possible for handling problems affecting employee morale and the quality of

life.

Effective the beginning of fiscal year 1990, the Office of the Ombudsman

was relocated within the Office of Executive Administration. The duties of

Ombudsman were merged with those of the Administrative Assistant to the Administrator. This action resulted in more effective use of resources and

staff personnel to resolve a variety of problems perceived by employees and

community residents.

The majority of the work load of the office at the beginning of the fiscal year continued to be related to the political unrest in Panama and its negative effects on Commission employees and Canal area residents. The

sources of most of these difficulties were eliminated as a result of Operation

Just Cause and the related restoration in Panama of a democratic

Government. During the U.S. military action. Commission employees

operated a Hotline from 7:00 a.m. to midnight during the period December

20-26 to collect and disseminate information of concern to Commission

employees. In addition, they served to relay relevant information to U.S.

forces about suspicious activities of supporters of the regime of former

General Manuel Noriega. Hotline personnel worked out of their homes,

handling hundreds of calls, researching questions and returning calls to employees and dependents, as well as private citizens in Panama City. Many

of the questions received required extensive communication and

coordination with U.S. military and Panama Canal Commission officials.

During the remainder of the year. Canal communities have experienced a gradual improvement in the Government of Panama's response to requests

for some maintenance of roads, repairs of traffic lights and streetlights, and

regular garbage collection. The quality of law enforcement, while still inadequate in many respects, has been maintained somewhat by joint patrols

of U.S. military, Panama National Police and Panama Canal Commission

guards.

The office maintains close contact with officers of the three Residents

Advisory Committees as a means to assure close communication between

the Commission and these community groups on matters of concern to

residents in Commission housing areas.
28 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

With the end of the political strife in Panama in December 1 989, attention

gradually turned to routine labor relations activity within the agency. The

firefighter collective bargaining agreement was again extended for a oneyear period, effective April 7, pursuant to an automatic renewal provision.

The professional bargaining unit agreement was renewed for a three-year

period, April 11, 1990 through April 10, 1993. The Federal Labor Relations Authority region with jurisdiction over the Commission gave notice on April 27, 1990, that, absent a settlement, an

unfair labor practice complaint would be issued against the Commission for

unilaterally terminating the option of non- preference eligible employees to appeal adverse actions through the agency's administrative procedure. The

central issue involves a question of law and it is anticipated that the matter

will be decided on the basis of the written record. On August 8, the Federal Labor Relations Authority found negotiable a

provision which had been disapproved during the post-audit review of the 1985 pilots agreement. The provision would credit each of two union

representatives with three assignment bonuses for performing union

representational functions. The decision should have no immediate impact,

however, because the issue was settled in 1985 through an informal

agreement which was modified in 1988 and will continue in effect until July

1993. On August 31, 1990, the Federal Service Impasses Panel (FSIP) ruled that the pilots union should withdraw a proposal that the Commission pay a bonus of 14 times the hourly rate to pilots who transit vessels of 100 foot- beam or over through the locks while high mast lighting (HML) is in use. This is a significant decision because it represented a potential cost to the Commission in excess of 5 million dollars through the term of the current agreement in mid- 1993, and it finally resolved a festering dispute which

actually began eight years ago. During FY 1990 eight cases were arbitrated. The Maritime/ Metal Trades

Council and the pilots union were involved in three cases each, and the

firefighters union in the two remaining ones. GENERAL COUNSEL

On December 23, 1985, the President signed into law the Panama Canal

Amendments Act, Public Law 99-209, which authorized the Commission to

settle all vessel-accident claims, regardless of the amount and irrespective of

the situs of the accident. Prior to the enactment of these amendments, the Commission was precluded from considering claims of more than $120,000

for out-of-locks accidents. At the time of the passage of The Panama Canal

Amendments Act, 30 out-of-locks vessel-accident claims had been filed and

were pending with either the United States Congress or the Commission.

Since the enactment of the Amendments Act,. the Commission has been

steadily reducing this backlog of vessel-accident claims. By the end of fiscal year 1990, all 30 of these claims had been settled, and $16,609,572 (out of a

total of $24,428,433 claimed) had been paid to the aggrieved shipowners.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 29

The Amendments Act also permitted dissatisfied claimants to sue the Commission for out-of-locks vessel-accident damage. Two such lawsuits were filed before the passage of the Amendments Act and an additional nine

have been filed since its enactment. By September 30, 1990, one case had

been dismissed by the court, and 10 suits had been settled for payments

totaling $3,206,014. There are no lawsuits currently pending resolution.

The principal area of settlement in the Office of General Counsel for FY 90 was in the area of marine accidents where 26 claims for vessel damage,

totahng $2,663,459 were settled for $1,547,709.

In July, 1990, the Office of General Counsel defended the Commission in a

sixteen-day trial before Administrative Judge Wesley C. Jockisch of the Corps of Engineers Board of Contract Appeals. Over 40 witnesses testified and more than 500 documents were admitted into evidence in this contract appeal brought by the defaulted contractor, the performance bond surety,

and the principal completing subcontractor. The appellants seek a judgement of $6. 1 million against the Commission for costs exceeding the contract price and allegedly incurred due to differing site conditions, a changed slope, and government delay during the construction of a ship tie- up station along the banks of the Panama Canal in 1982 through 1985. The

Commission denies the appellants' allegations. The submission by counsel of

proposed findings of facts and memoranda of law followed the trial, and a Board decision is expected by June, 1991. Five new contract appeals were filed against the Commission during the

fiscal year. This is a significant increase from previous years, reflecting the

recent rise in contract actions at the Commission's Construction Division

and the increased willingness of local contractors and attorneys to litigate contract disputes.

Chapter V

FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1990

The financial statements of the Panama Canal Commission, appearing

as Tables 1 through 5, with accompanying notes, present the financial position of the Commission at September 30, 1990, and the results of its operations for the fiscal year then ended.

The accounts and statements of the Panama Canal Commission have been

examined by the Office of Inspector General of the Commission and by

Deloitte & Touche, a CPA firm under task order contract with the United

States General Accounting Office. Detailed audit reports of the United

States General Accounting Office are directed to the Congress and are presented as Congressional documents.

Summary information concerning the operating results and capital

expenditures follows:RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net revenue for fiscal year 1990 operations amounted to $7.0 million. Unrecovered costs accumulated from previous years totaled $9.7

million—$0.6 million, $1.8 million, and $7.3 million from fiscal years 1987,

1988 and 1989, respectively. Therefore, pursuant to the limitations set forth

in section 1341(b)(2) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-70),

all the net revenue from fiscal year 1990 was reduced by the unrecovered

costs accumulated from previous fiscal years, leaving a balance of $2.7

million to be recovered from subsequent revenues. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Accrued capital expenditures for the year amounted to $34.7 million. The

principal expenditures were $5.5 million for the fire protection system at Miraflores Locks, $3.7 million for the replacement of motor vehicles, $3.5

million for improvements to the electrical power and communication

systems, $2.1 million for the acquisition of tugs, $1.3 million for the replacement of locomotive turntables, $1.1 million for the replacement of

31
32 FINANCIAL REPORT

launches and launch engines, $0.9 million for miscellaneous floating

equipment, and $0.9 million for improvements to Commission buildings.

34 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 1.— Statement of Financial Position

Assets 1990 1989 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

At cost (Note Ic) $997,154,860 $969,630,333

Less accumulated depreciation and valuation allowances (Notes le and 2) 505,028,558 484,884,187

492,126,302 484,746,146

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash:

U.S. Treasury account 103,870,166 93,226,977 Cash in commercial banks and on hand 10,027,246 6,077,070

Postal, other trust funds and cash in transit 583,187 2,537,751 114,480,599 101,841,798

Accounts receivable 13,330,765 11,371,717

Inventories, less allowance for obsolete and excess inventory of $800,000 and $400,000

respectively (Note Ig) 39,999,627 37,723,209

Other current assets 173,138 379,561

167,984,129 151,316,285

OTHER ASSETS:

Deferred charges: Cost of early retirement benefits (Note Ih) 136,296,000 151,440,000 Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes Im and 5) 71,685,341 78,871,578 Retirement benefits to certain former

employees of predecessor agencies (Note Ih). ..

.

5,587,000 6,186,000 Other 492,149

213,568.341 236.989,727

Unrecovered costs due from subsequent revenues

(Notes lb and 4) 2,712.659 9.728.161

216.281.000 246.717,888 TOTAL ASSETS $876,391,431 $882,780,319

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 35

September 30, 1990 and 1989

Capital and Liabilities CAPITAL:

Investment of the United States Government:

Interest-bearing (10.135% and 10.219%, respectively) (Note 6) $133,175,778

Non-interest-bearing 340,663,355 $147,893,234

325,398,450

473,839,133 473,291,684 CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Accounts payable: U.S. Government agencies 3,926,959 4,146,044 Government of Panama 8,388,425 8,062,973 Other 12,931,505 12,420,588 25,246,889 24,629,605 Accrued liabilities: Employees' leave 47,713,360 46,058,824

Salaries and wages 9,544,145 8,086,607 Cost of early retirement benefits (Note Ih) 15,144,000 15,144,000 Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes Im and 5) 8,018,170 6,536,705 Retirement benefits to certain former employees

of predecessor agencies (Note 1 h) 684,000 790,000 Employees' repatriation 833,000 857,000 Marine accident claims 19,531,203 15,387,115 Other 2,535,655 1,766,127 104,003,533 94,626,378 Other current liabilities. Advances for capital-unexpended (Note Id) 10,472,913 10,336,538 Other ; 463,042 1,697,007 10,935.955 12,033,545 140,186,377 131,289,528 DEFERRED CREDIT:

Advances for capital being amortized

(Note Id)... 54,248,871 46,898,321 LONG-TERM LIABILITIES AND RESERVES:

Cost of early retirement benefits ( Note 1 h) 121,1 52,000 1 36,296,000 Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes Im and 5) 63,667,171 72,334,873 Retirement benefits to certain former employees

of predecessor agencies (Note Ih) 4,903,000 5,396,000 Employees' repatriation 7,340,000 6,875,000 Lock overhauls (Note li) 1,891,632 371,865 Marine accidents (Note Ij) 6,000,000 7.000,000 Casualty losses (Note Ij) 993.865 993.865

Floating equipment overhaul (Note Ik) 2,169,382 2,033,183

208.117,050 231,300,786 TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES $876,391,431 $882,780.319

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
36 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 2.—Statement of Operations

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1990 and 1989

OPERATING REVENUES: mo

Tolls revenue $355,557,957 Other revenues 119,115,510

Total operating revenues 474,673,467 OPERATING EXPENSES:

Payments to the Government of Panama:

Public services 10,000,000 Fixed annuity 10,000,000 Tonnage 58,457,476

78,457,476 Maintenance of channels and harbors 40,236,327 Navigation service and control 82,746,857 Locks operation 51,318,435 General repair, engineering and maintenance

services 24,485,404 Supply and logistics 22, 1 6 1 ,520

Utilities 33,615,047 Housing operations 4,894,692 General and administrative 75,051,376

Interest on interest-bearing investment (Note 6) 15,1 13,342 Other 39,577,490

Total operating expenses 467,657,966 443,119,486 NET OPERATING REVENUE (LOSS) (Notes lb and 4) $7,015,501 $(7,319,496)

1989 $329,765,627

106,034,363

435,799,990

10,000,000 10,000,000 59,819,225

79,819,225

36,506,857

79,796,645 48,988,652

22,004,849

20,488,618

30,016,519

5,418,893 76,587,612

13,878,234 29,613,382

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

38 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 3A.—Statement of Changes in the Investment ofthe United States Government

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 1990

Invested Capital

' Interest- Non-Interest- ' Bearing Bearing Total INVESTMENT AT OCTOBER I, 1989 $147,893.234 $325.398,450 $473.291.684

INCREASES IN INVESTMENT:

Prior year receipts deposited into U.S. Treasury 676,875 676,875 Expenditures from Panama Canal Revolving Fund 469,595,421 (469,595,421) Net revenue (Notes lb and 4) 7,015,501 7.015,501

469.595.421 (461,903,045) 7.692,376

DECREASES IN INVESTMENT:

Tolls and other receipts deposited into Panama

Canal Revolving Fund 484,188,786 (484,188,786) Due U.S. Treasury for undeposited receipts 5.335 5.335 Property transferred to other U.S. Government

agencies 124,091 124,091 Recovery of prior years unrecovered costs (Notes lb and 4) 7.015,501 7,015,501

484.312,877 (477,167,950) 7,144,927 INVESTMENT AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1990 $133.175.778 $340.663.355 $473.839.133 (Note 6)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 39

Table 3B.—Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States Government

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 1989

Invested Capital

' Inleresi- Non-Interest- ' Bearing Bearing INVESTMENT AT OCTOBER I. 1988 $102.773.553 $371.024.286

INCREASES IN INVESTMENT:

Prior year receipts deposited into U.S. Treasury 420,341 Expenditures from Panama Canal Revolving Fund 486,757,576 (486,757,576) Unrecovered costs due from subsequent revenues (Notes I band 4) 7,319,496

486,757,576 (479,017,739)

DECREASES IN INVESTMENT:

Tolls and other receipts deposited into Panama

Canal Revolving Fund 441.388.274 (441,388,274) Due U.S. Treasury for undeposited receipts 676,875 Property transferred to other U.S. Government

agencies 249.62 1 Net loss (Notes lb and 4) 7.319.496

441.637.895 (433.391.903) INVESTMENT AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1989 $147,893,234 $325,398.450 (Note 6)

Total $473,797,839

420.341

7,319,496

7,739,837

676.875

249.621 7.319.496

8.245.992

$473,291,684

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
40 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 4.—Statement of Cash Flows

INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH Cash Flows from Operating Activities: mo 1989

Cash received: Tolls $355,557,957 $329,765,627 Other collections 130,522,71

1

109,934,767

(Increase)/ decrease in receivables (1,891,882) 1,687,880

Total cash received 484,188,786 441,388,274

Cash disbursed: Operating expenditures (427,033,108) (415,892,640)

Interest paid T (15,123,945) (13,846,542)

(Increase) /decrease in inventories (2,276,418) (794,260)

Increase/ (decrease) in liabilities 10,695,798 (20,964.032)

Total cash disbursed (433,737,673) (451,497,474)

Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities 50,451,113 (10,109,200)

Cash Flows from Capital Activities: Capital expenditures (34,670,600) (39,584,851)

Increase/ (decrease) in liabilities (1,187,148) 4,324,748

Net cash provided by/(used in) capital activities (35,857,748) (35,260,103)

Cash Flows from Postal and Trust funds: Postal funds (8,019) (5,279) Trust funds (1.946,545) 100.242

Net cash provided by/(used in) postal and trust fund

activities ; (1.954,564) 94,963

Net increase/ (decrease) in cash 12,638,801 (45,274,340)

Cash, beginning of year 101,841,798 147,116,138

Cash, end of year $114,480,599 $101,841,798

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 41

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1990 and 1989

RECONCILIATION OF NET REVENUE (LOSS) TO NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

1990 1989 Net Revenue (Loss) $7,015.501 $(7,319.496)

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash

provided by operating activities: Adjustments not requiring outlay of cash:

Depreciation 23.392,682 22,963,018 Provision for lock overhauls 11,402,000 6,353,000 Provision for marine and casualty losses 5,826,136 (5,642,936) Provision for floating equipment overhauls 4,420,000 4,934,000 Advances for capital 10,472,913 4,451,618 Other 1,844.195 720.370

Total adjustments not requiring outlay of cash 57,357.926 33.779.070

Adjustments requiring outlay of cash: Lock overhauls expenditures (9.882,233) (6, 192.767) Marine and casualty losses expenditures (6.826.136) (4,988.460) Floating equipment overhauls expenditures (4,283.801) (4.889.526)

Total adjustments requiring outlay of cash .

.

(20.992,170) (16,070.753)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

(Increase)/ decrease in receivables (1.891.882) 1.687.880

(Increase)/ decrease in inventories (2.276.418) (794.260)

(Increase)/ decrease in other assets 542.358 (427,609)

Increase/ (decrease) in liabilities 10,695,798 (20,964,032) Total changes in operating assets and

liabilities 7.069,856 (20,498.021)

Total adjustments 43.435.612 (2.789.704)

Net cash provided by/ (used in) operating activities $50.451.113 $(10.109.200)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
42 FINANCIAL REPORT

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 43

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. A summary of significant accounting policies follows:

a. Accounting and Reporting. As required by section 1311(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979, Public Law 96-70 (hereafter referred to as the "Act"), the accounts of the Commission are maintained pursuant to the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950. The Accounting and Auditing Act of

1950 requires that the principles, standards and related requirements be met,

as prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United States, after consulting with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office

of Management and Budget concerning their accounting, financial reporting and budgetary needs. The Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950

also requires that the accounts be maintained on an accrual basis.

b. Cost recovery. As required by section 1341(e)(1) of the Act, the

application of generally accepted accounting principles to the Panama

Canal Commission, a United States Government agency comparable to a

rate-regulated public utility, determines the manner in which costs are recognized. The basis for tolls rates is prescribed in section 1602(b) of the

Act. This section of the Act, known as the "statutory tolls formula,"

provides that:

"Tolls shall be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues

to cover as nearly as practicable all costs of maintaining and

operating the Panama Canal, together with the facilities and

appurtenances related thereto, including unrecovered costs incurred on or after the effective date of this Act, interest,

depreciation, working capital, payments to the Republic of

Panama pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraph 4(a)

and (b) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and

capital for plant replacement, expansion, and improvements. Tolls

shall not be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues

sufficient to cover payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph 4(c) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of

1977."

Under this statutory tolls formula, any unrecovered costs are to be

recovered from subsequent revenues. The amount for recovery from

subsequent revenues is transferred from Invested Capital to an account

within the Other Assets classification. Unrecovered costs are charged back

to Invested Capital to the extent subsequent annual revenues exceed annual

costs.

c. Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, or if acquired from another United States Government

agency, at the value determined by the Director of the Office of
44 FINANCIAL REPORT

Management and Budget. Administrative and other related general

expenses are recovered currently and therefore not capitalized. The cost of

minor items of property, plant and equipment is charged to expense as

incurred.

d. Advances for Capital. A portion of tolls in excess of depreciation

recoveries may be programmed annually by the Board of Directors for plant

replacement, expansion, or improvements. Such funds are considered

capital advances from Canal users. Upon utilization, these advances are amortized through an offset to depreciation expense in an amount

calculated to approximate the depreciation on assets acquired with such

advances. In fiscal years 1990 and 1989, no amounts from tolls were programmed for such purpose. At the direction of the Board of Directors, a system was implemented in

fiscal year 1983 whereby shippers, for a fee, can make an advance

reservation for a vessel transit. Such funds are considered capital advances

from Canal users and upon utilization, the advances are amortized through an offset to depreciation expense in an amount calculated to approximate

the depreciation on assets acquired with such advances. This system

generated funds of $10.5 million in fiscal year 1990 and $4.5 million in fiscal year 1989.

e. Depreciation. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over

their estimated service lives at rates computed using a straight-line method

with additional annual depreciation, identified as composite, to provide for premature plant retirements.

The recurring costs of dredging the waterway are charged to expense. Non-recurring dredging costs for substantial improvements and

betterments to the waterway are considered additions to plant and are

capitalized and depreciated over their estimated service lives.

i. Accounts Receivable. Uncollectible accounts receivable of the

Panama Canal Commission are recognized as a reduction in revenue when

written off Any subsequent collections of Commission accounts receivable

previously written off are recorded as revenue.

g. Inventories. Operating materials and supplies are stated at average

cost, plus cost of transportation to the ultimate destination on the Isthmus

of Panama. An allowance has been established to reflect the estimated cost of obsolete and excess stock.

h. Retirement Benefits. Employer contributions to the United States

Civil Service Retirement System, to the Federal Employee Retirement

System, and to the Republic of Panama Social Security System are charged

to expense. The Commission has no liability for future payments to employees under these systems.

Non-United States citizen employees, who retired from predecessor

agencies prior to October 5, 1958, are not covered by the United States Civil Service Retirement System but do receive benefits under a separate annuity

plan. Payments made under this annuity plan are recorded as a current year

expense. Annual amounts expended were $1.1 million in fiscal year 1990
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 45

and $1.3 million in fiscal year 1989. The Commission's liability for future

annuity payments to these former employees or their eligible widows is reflected in the statement of fmancial position as retirement benefits to

certain former employees of predecessor agencies and an equal amount is recorded as a deferred charge.

As required by the Act, the Panama Canal Commission is liable for the

increase in the unfunded liability of the United States Civil Service

Retirement Fund which is attributable to benefits payable from that fund to, or on behalf of, employees and their survivors under the early retirement

provisions of the Act. The annual installment to liquidate the increased

liability is determined by the Office of Personnel Management.

i. Reservefor Lock Overhauls. A reserve is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of periodic lock overhauls.

j. Reservefor Casualty Losses. A reserve is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of marine accidents and other

casualty losses.

k. Reserve for Floating Equipment Overhauls. A reserve is provided

through an annual charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of

overhauls to the Commission tugboat fleet.

1. Housing Use Rights. No monetary value is assigned to the rights

granted to the United States Government by the Republic of Panama to use Canal Area housing transferred to the Government of Panama under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The cost to manage, maintain

and provide livability improvements to these quarters is charged to expense. Rental income is included in other revenues. m. Work Injuries Compensation Benefits. The Panama Canal

Commission is liable for the cost of all benefits due under the Federal

Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) which provides compensation for performance of duty injuries for eligible employees. The costs of the FECA

program are recognized over the life of the Treaty.

2. Plant Valuation Allowances.

At July 1, 1951, certain valuation allowances for property, plant and

equipment transferred from the Panama Canal (agency) to the Panama

Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government were established, to reduce to usable value the costs of the assets transferred. At October 1, 1979,

such valuation allowances as were applicable to the assets transferred from

the Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government to the Panama Canal Commission were carried forward and are comprised of: (a) $4. 1 million at September 30, 1990 and 1989, to reduce to usable value the

cost of property, plant and equipment transferred; (b) $50.9 million at September 30, 1 990 and 1989, to offset interest costs imputed for the original

Canal construction period; and (c) $42.3 million at September 30, 1990 and

1989, to offset the cost of defense facilities and suspended construction

projects, the latter being principally the partial construction of a third set of

locks abandoned in the early part of World War II.
46 FINANCIAL REPORT

3. Budgetary Resources.

a. Cash, accounts receivable, and the borrowing authority are the resources used to determine the Commission's solvency position as prescribed in Section 86.6 Office of Management and Budget Circular A-34,

Instructions on Budget Execution, under which the incurring of obligations

in excess of budgetary resources is a violation of the Antideficiency Act. All cash exceeding current operating requirements is kept on deposit with the U.S. Treasury.

b. The Panama Canal Commission has authority to borrow funds from

the U.S. Treasury not to exceed $ 1 00 million outstanding at any time for any

of the purposes of the Commission. No funds were borrowed during fiscal years 1990 and 1989.

4. Unrecovered Costs due from Subsequent Revenues.

Pursuant to the provisions of sections 1341(b)(2) and 1602(b) of the Act,

all unrecovered costs from previous years operations must be recovered

before determining any net operating revenues due to the Government of

Panama, as provided for under Article XIII paragraph 4(c) of the Panama

Canal Treaty of 1977. The cumulative unrecovered costs from fiscal years

1989, 1988 and 1987 totaled $9.7 million. The net operating revenue for

fiscal year 1990 was $7.0 million, which when netted against the outstanding

unrecovered costs, leaves a balance of $2.7 million to be recovered from

subsequent revenues.

5. Cost of Work Injuries Compensation.

The Commission administers a program to compensate certain

employees for death and disability resulting from performance of duty

injuries or illnesses as set forth in the Federal Employees' Compensation

Act. All United States citizen employees are eligible for coverage, as are non-United States citizen employees hired prior to October 1, 1979. As

provided by FECA, employees and certain dependents are beneficiaries for various periods that can extend to life. The liability and deferred charge recorded in these statements reflect the payments due to a Department of Labor fund established pursuant to Public Law 100-705. The Department of Labor will be reimbursed from this fund for all expected future payments for accidents, adjusted for inflation and interest earned. An evaluation as of September 30, 1989, was prepared

by an independent actuarial firm. The values in that report were used to adjust the assets and liabilities at year-end 1989. The report also served as the basis for determining the adequacy of the assets and liabilities at year- end 1990.

6. Interest-Bearing Investment of the United States Government.

The interest-bearing investment of the United States Government in the

Panama Canal is determined based on section 1603(a) of the Act. The

interest-bearing investment of the United States Government was $133.2

million at September 30, 1990 and $147.9 million at September 30, 1989.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 47

7. Extraordinary Activities. Since April 1988, the Commission has incurred a series of unusual and

extraordinary costs due to the political situation that existed in Panama

because of the Noriega regime. These costs were incurred in order to insure

the proper and safe operation of the Canal in the face of growing harassment

of Commission employees by that regime. Costs incurred totaled $6.8

million in fiscal year 1990 and $4.6 million in fiscal year 1989. The Board of Directors has approved the recovery of these costs through

the use of a temporary 20 percent surcharge on linehandling and tug service charges. The surcharge will be terminated on February 28, 1991.

8. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.

In addition to recorded liabilities, the estimated maximum contingent

liability which could result from pending claims and lawsuits was $11.9

million at September 30, 1990 and $10.1 million at September 30, 1989. In the opinion of management and the Commission's General Counsel, these pending claims and lawsuits will be resolved with no material adverse effect on the financial condition of the agency. Commitments under uncompleted construction contracts and unfilled purchase orders amounted to $34.3 million at September 30, 1990 and $38.0

million at September 30, 1989. Of these amounts, unfilled prepaid purchase

orders totaled less than $0.1 million as of September 30, 1990 and $0.1

million as of September 30, 1989. Cash and negotiable securities of a kind acceptable by the United States Government in the amount of $13.2 million were held by the United States depositories designated by the Panama Canal Commission at September 30,

1 990 and $ 1 2.4 million at September 30, 1 989, to guarantee payment by third

parties of their obligations.

The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, Article XIII, paragraph 4(c), provides

that an annual amount of up to $10 million per year be paid to the Government of Panama out of operating revenues to the extent that such

revenues exceed expenditures. Payment to the Government of Panama is subject to the limitations set forth in section 1341(e) of the Act. In the event operating revenues in any year do not produce a surplus sufficient to cover

this payment, the unpaid balance shall be paid from operating surpluses in future years up to the amount available from these surpluses. As of

September 30, 1990, the balance contingently payable to the Government of

Panama amounts to $101 . 1 million. As of September 30, 1989, the balance

contingently payable to the Government of Panama amounted to $91.1

million. However, as set forth in the Exchange of Instruments of

Ratification of Panama Canal Treaties paragraph (a)(4) and in section

1341(d) of the Act, nothing may be construed as obligating the United States

to pay after the date of the termination of the Treaty, any unpaid balance,

accumulated before such date.

9. Treaty Impact.

On September 7, 1977, the United States of America and the Republic of
48 FINANCIAL REPORT

Panama signed the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The Treaty provided for the establishment of the Panama Canal Commission on October 1, 1979, to assume certain operational responsibilities for the Canal until December 31, 1999. When the Treaty terminates on December 31, 1999, the Republic of

Panama shall assume total responsibility for the management, operation,

and maintenance of the Panama Canal, which shall be turned over in operating condition and free of liens and debts, except as the two parties may

otherwise agree. The effects of these long-range requirements are not considered in the financial statements.
Chapter VI

STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics

49
50 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 1.—Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1981 Through 1990

Total traffic

Fiscal year

iNimtber of

transits Tolls

Long tons of

cargo

Traffic assessed tolls on net tormage basis Panama I Canal net 1 \Ni4mber of

tonnage

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace-

\

of mem

transits tonnage OCEANGOING COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC

1981 13,884 301,762,600 171,221,762 13,847 188,656,491 1982 14,009 323,958,366 185,452,332 13,976 202,884,207 1983 11,707 285,983.805 145,590,759 11,668 169,503,918 1984 11,230 286,677,844 140,470,818 11,199 162,335,342 1985 11,515 298,497,802 138,643,243 11,498 168.941,997 1986 11,925 321,073,748 139,945,181 11,901 182,750,830 1987 12,230 328.372,714 148.690.380 12.206 186.416,485 1988 12,234 337,866,211 156,482,641 12,209 191,506,903 1989 11,989 327,850,613 151,636,113 11,964 185,769,083 1990 11,941 353,725,982 157,072,979 11,904 181,604,590 OCEANGOING U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC '

1981 , 1982.

1983.

1984.

1985.

1986. 1987.

1988. 1989.

1990

89

110

125

137

12985

7869

74

91

1,241.442

1.546,746

1.721.925 2,388,272

2,223,938

1,553,037

1,384,125 1,361,393

1,806,539 1,707,864

301,776

285,451 354,873

329,607 259,524

176,853 205,701 2%, 140

224,121 248,442

6867

77

88

85

5346

46

62

63 FREE OCEANGOING TRAFFIC ' 2

1981 1982

1983 1984

1985

1986

1987

1988 1989

1990

11 23

14

1710

135

151220

2.50420

705.936

794.282

812,840

1,131.865

1,148,311 708,616 662.286

714.055

994.711 821.340

2.248 5,010

9.119

2.224

2.731 556

2,224

3,312

3,312

2,218 TOTAL OCEANGOING TRAFFIC

1981 13,984 303,004,042 171.523,538 13,919 189.364.675 1982 14.142 325,505.112 185,737,783 14,052 203,683,499 1983 11,846 287,705.730 145,948,136 11,754 170,325,877 1984 11,384 289.066,116 140,800.425 11.291 163.469,431 1985 1 1,654 300.721.740 138,902.787 1 1.587 170,093,039 1986 12,023 322,626,785 140,122,034 11,955 183,460,002 1987 12,313 329.756,840 148,8%,086 12.256 187.080.995 1988 12.318 339.227.604 156.778,781 12,261 192,224,270 1989 12,075 329,657,153 151,860,234 12,032 186.767,106 1990 12,052 355,433.846 157,321.426 11.971 182.428,148

3733

39

31

1724

24

25

2537

2143

48

4944

32

32

23

1228

6590

92

93

67

68

57

5743

81

111.418 129.684

132,431 116,335 86,623

73,631 130,129 106,599

101,710

153.514

143.121 309,206

350,699 410,682 248,%7

309.161 239.023

129.545 103.020 193,160

8,544 21,903

5,986 21.025

8.771 20.759

1.300 16,765 9,709 30,530

263,083 460,793 489,116

548.042

344.361 403.551 370.452

252.909

214,439

377,204
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 51

Table 1.—Panama Canal TrafTic—Fiscal Years 1981 Through 1990

(Continued)

Fiscal year

1981 . 1982,

1983,

1984,

1985,

1986,

1987,

1988

1989 1990

1981 . 1982,

1983,

1984,

1985,

1986,

1987,

1988

1989 1990

1981 , 1982,

1983,

1984,

1985 1986

1987,

1988 1989 1990

Total traffic

\ Number

of

transits Tolls

Long Ions of

cargo

Traffic assessed tolls on net tonnage basis XNumber Panama

of Canal net

transits tonnage SMALL COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC ^

791 830

810

802

793 912

852

844

997

1,017

65,604

73,228

73,887

76,921 73,710

89,577 90,829

79,805 96,158

115,180

1,355 928 669

652

468

3,704

3,282

1,422

8,311

1,441

788 826

810

800 792 904

852 842 996

1,016

44,962

50,399 48,033

48,008 45,694

55,249

55,827 49,245 60,156

66,999 SMALL U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC ^

225

241 242

241 273 316 236

246

287 240

50

585696

46

2743

3330

16

10,712

10,757 11,406

11,998 12,464 17,840

11,106

11,917 12,316

8,931

16

12

12

8

1520

25

21

1323 SMALL FREE TRAFFIC 2 3

4140

3986

3220

26

1514

5

70

859

380

57

751 415

332 336

773

627 987

901 738 903

2,613

2,803

2,321 4,637

1,721

1,371 1,451

1,081 878 249 TOTAL PANAMA CANAL TRAFFIC

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of ment

transits tonnage

1981 15,050 303,080,358 171,524,895 14,764 1982 15,271 1983 12,954 1984 12,523 1985 12,766 1986 13,278 1987 13,444 1988 13,441 1989 13,389 1990 13,325

325,589,097

287,791,023

289,155,035 300,807,914

322,734,202

329,858,775 339,319,326

329,765,627

355,557,957

185,738,781 145,948,818

140,801,136

138,903,258 140,125,818

148,899,425

156,780,203 151,868,548 157,322,868

14,930

12,615 12,185 12,426

12,899

13,159

13,139

13,055

13,015

189,413,001 203,737,116

170,376,563 163,522,412

170,141,22?

183,517,249 187,139,260

192,275,497

186,828,878 182,496,299

209

229

230

233

258 296

211 225 274

217

286

341 339

338 340

379

285 302

334

310

279

315

145 110 470

64

430

98

10,431 10,973 11,177

11,282

11,113 16,407 9,572

10,375

11,018 6,684

1,012

1,172 2,010

1,360

1,103 674

1,012

1,189

1,141 800

274,805

473,253

502,303

560,829

356,587 421,102

381,036

264,537

227,028 384,786

1 Oceangoing traffic includes ships of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and

over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

2 Free traffic includes ships of the Colombian and Panamanian (jovemments and ships transiting for repair by the Commission.

' Includes vessels under 300 net tons, Panama Canal measurement (or under 500 displacement tons for vessels assessed on

displacement tonnage).
52 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION S3

Table 3.— Canal Traffic' by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1990

Measured tonnage Number of

Flag transits Algeria 1 Antigua-Barbuda 18 Argentina 8 Australia 1 Austria 5 Bahamas 372 Bangledesh 2 Belgium 32 Bermuda 10

Brazil 32

Bulgaria 10 Burma 35 Canada 8 Cayman Islands 11 Chile 82 Colombia 166 Cuba 116 Cyprus 542

Czechoslovakia 10 Denmark 227

East Germany 54 Ecuador 337 Egypt 1 Faroes 1 France 44

Greece 585 Guatemala 6 Honduras 29 Hong Kong 13 Iceland 1 India 39

Iran 6

Israel 68

Italy 125 Japan 501 Jordan 1 Kuwait 33 Lebanon 2

Liberia 1,479 Malaysia 30 Malta 114 Marshall Islands 13 Mauritius 2 Mexico 53 Morocco 8 Netherlands 309

Netherlands-Antilles 5 Norway 660 Panama 1 ,866 People's Republic of China 216 Peru 88

Philippines 364 Poland 95

Portugal 1 Qatar 4 Romania 4 Samoa 3 Saudi Arabia 15 Singapore 298

1 Panama
54 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 3.—Canal Traffic' by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1990—Continued

Measured tonnage Num- I Panama I Long

ber of Canal Registered tons of

Flag transits net gross ^ Tolb cargo SomaURepubUc 2 18,630 21,086 37,446 10,221 South Korea 171 4,026,349 4,128,347 7,851,793 2,801,370 Spain 30 347,529 357,739 698,218 273,962

Sri Lanka 32 317,207 372,447 597,329 90,611

St. Vincent & Grenadines 29 506,803 579,363 1,001,403 687,373 Sweden 57 1,977,934 1,623,682 3,924,465 777,471 Switzerland 6 156,804 191,162 315,176 274,651 Taiwan 196 5,879,918 6,996,133 11,792,970 4,058,764 Toga 14 96,479 109,264 193,923 40,876 Trinidad 2 3,642 1,674 6,574 889

Tunisia 2 16,146 20,364 29,144 6,747 Turkey 26 480,682 584,830 925,998 648,581 U.S.S.R 500 4,323,077 4,822,686 8,470,900 2,690,607 United Arab Emirates .. . 2 24,526 30,244 49,297 29,971 United Kingdom 404 6,441,839 7,907,031 12,717,184 5,596,562 United States 611 6,651,098 6,479,531 12,696,878 3,948,672 Vanuatu 170 2,596,828 2,462,924 4,965,653 1,890,268 Venezuela 147 648,245 817,884 1,230,790 532,500 West Germany 228 3,289,939 3,964,609 6,566,154 2,505,215 Yugoslavia 150 1,990,719 2,336,432 3,938,592 2,319,258 N.A.3 I 15,035 15,279 24,056 Total 11,941 181,604,590 194,589,312 $353,725,982 157,072,979

' Includes only commercial vessels of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of SCO displacement tons and over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

2 Includes 13 transits where no registered tonnage was reported.

' No flag of registry was reported. NOTE.—In Canal traffic statistics, foreign naval vessels such as transports, supply ships, tankers, etc., with a measurement of 300 net tons (Panama Canal measurement) and over, and vessels of war, dredges,

etc., with a displacement of 500 tons and over, are classified as oceangoing commercial vessels. Statistics on

these vessels, except as related to displacement tonnage, have been included in the table above. As

displacement tonnage cannot be combined with net tonnage, the following table shows statistics covering 37 vessels which transited the Canal during fiscal year 1990 and paid tolls on displacement tonnage.

Flag Type Argentina Navy

Australia Navy

Belgium Dredge

Brazil Navy

Canada Navy

Chile Navy

Colombia Dredge

France Navy

Japan Navy

Mexico Navy

People's Republic of China Dredge

Peru Navy

Spain Navy

United Kingdom Navy

Total

Num-

56 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 57

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58 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 5.—Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1990

Flag

Algeria Antigua-Barbuda

Argentina

Austria Bahamas

Bangledesh Belgium Bermuda

Brazil Bulgaria Burma

Canada Cayman Islands Chile Colombia Cuba

Cyprus

Czechoslovakia Denmsu'k

East Germany

Ecuador

Egypt

Faroes France

Greece Guatemala Honduras Hong Kong

Iceland India

Iran

Israel

Italy Japan

Jordan Kuwait Lebanon

Liberia Malaysia Malta

Marshall Islands Mauritius ^. Mexico Morocco

Netherlands

Netherland-Antilles Norway Panama

People's Republic of China

Peru

PhiUppines Poland

Portugal Qatar Romania Samoa

Saudi Arabia

Singapore Somali Republic South Korea

Spain

Sri Lanka

St. Vincent & Grenadines .

.

Sweden

Switzerland Taiwan Toga

Trinidad

Tunisia Turkey

U.S.S.R

1 Num-
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 59

Table 5.—Laden and Ballast TrafHc by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1990—Continued

Laden

I Num- I I ber Panama

of Canal net Flag transits tonnage Tolls United Arab Emirates 2 24,526 $49,297 United Kingdom 354 5,803,168 1 1,664,368 United States 458 5,013,226 10,076,584 Vanuatu 140 1,977,387 3,974,548 Venezuela 113 472,191 949,104 West Germany 215 3,176,223 6,384,208 Yugoslavia 138 1,837,662 3,693,701 N.A.* ...

Total 10,023 153,788,551 $309,055,326

Ballast

1 Num-
69 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 61

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 65

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80 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Toulene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsSoybeans

Lumber and products

Plywood, veneers, composition board Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CANADA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley Corn

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 81

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Grains—Continued Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous ....

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fishmeal Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricuhural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Tallow

Container

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Toulene

Petroleum coke, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

GrainsCorn

Oats

Rice Sorghum

361
82 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Grains—Continued Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Infusorial earth Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda

Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/bauxite

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Copra and coconuts

Cotton, raw

Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Rubber, raw

Skin and hides Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual

I 1990

90
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 83

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Petroleum and products—Continued

Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous , Bricks and tile Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant , Flour, wheat , Glass and glassware , Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Tallow

Textiles , Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO BALBOA, R.P. Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn

Rice Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year

39
84 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .

.

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Toulene

Petroleum coke, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) . . .

.

Coke

GrainsCorn Sorghum

Soyoeans

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment. . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liauefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fiscal year

16 648

298

12 838

394

19 690

517
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 85

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA—

Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene Toulene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

Grains

Barley Corn

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment. . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and coils Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Lead

Scrap

Tin, including tinplate

Fiscal year

I 1990

1 44
86 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.<—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIAContinued

Ores and metals—Continued

Metals—Continued

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas

Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black Cement

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Tallow Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified

1988 I

Total EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Other agricuhural commodities, miscellaneous
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 87

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL

AMERICA—Continued

Miscellaneous

Beans, edible Flour, wheat

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Potash

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

Total EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . .

.

GrainsSoybeans

Wheat

8
88 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA—Continued Machinery and equipment. Miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Copper

Lead

Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat Marble and stone Paper and paper products

Resin

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 89

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals,miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

Fibers, plant Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO BALBOA, R.P.: Lumber and products, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel, oil, residual

Jet fuel Total EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphate^, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee Rubber, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Carbon black

Fibers, plant Resin

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total
90 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite

iron Other and unclassified Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone Paper and paper products Porcelainware Rubber, manufactured

Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CANADA:

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 91

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Grains ^ .

,

Soybeans

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Glass and glassware

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Resin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite

Iron Manganese

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Rubber, raw

Sugar

1414

1 133 127 101 19 n 12 14

5 17 12 20 13 54 8i 19

19

81 1,552 1,010 1,019 935 704 751 48 24 29 493 249 147 30 30 60

4 2 2

1 30 42

30 22 14

1

15 5 10

1 2

21 4 4

L Li

1,836 1,225 1,204

6

163

155

4

32

152

149

3 8

1 9

2 I 8 10 134 202

36 21

12J7 [57

}3 17

15 3 1 )1 124 H 2C

12 n

11 II

i .......

12 9

!9 \

1 1

1 37

I 10 3826

12

10

1990

8 158 33
92 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1990 1989 1988 I EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Petroleum and products '.'98 K378 ^^550 Asphalt

Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas

Lubricating oil

Miscellaneous . .

.

Carbon black Cement

Container cargo

Crudeoil 742 859 915

Diesel oil 31 210 185 Fuel oil, residual • • ^ 173 131 239

79 28 204 56 134 47 38 37 Other and unclassified „5 5 89 97 120 20 4

3 14 Flour, wheat ; ' Glass and glassware

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products.

Resin.

1 8 13

II 6 Rubber, manufactured ' ' ' 39 34 54

All other and unclassified 22 14 31^ Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO BALBOA, R.P. Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Gasoline

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO HAWAII:

Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Miscellaneous Cement

Slag, clinkers and dross Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO OCEANIA:

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

1,845
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 93

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIAContinued Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

GrainsSoybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Fertilizers, unclassified *

.

Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Iron Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans ... Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds Sugar , Wool, raw , Petroleum and products , Diesel oil Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene , Liquefied gas , Miscellaneous , Bricks and tile Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous . .

,

Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products .

,

Resin

Seeds, excluding oilseeds . .

,

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified .

.

52 89 260

Total

52
94 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals

Ore, alumina/ bauxite Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Grains, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas .• Miscellaneous Cement

Glass and glassware

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Manufactures of iron and steel Wire, bars and rods

All other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 95

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA

Continued

Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous Marble and stone Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO BALBOA, R.P.: Minerals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO OCEANIA:

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total WEST INDIES TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified Metals, miscellaneous

1988 I

764

1682766

10

Jl

37

25

II

I 145

I 70

24

25
96 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIES TO ASIA—Continued

Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee

Cotton, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Petroleum products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Carbon black

Fibers, plant Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable Resin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous.

.

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda

Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous .

Fiscal year

I 172

3

I8 593

23

I 3812092

76

399

3 1622

2

2 63044

1 1990
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 97

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued

Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Clay, fire and china

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products , Rubber, manufactured

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . .

.

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Clay, fire and china Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous , Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous ...
98 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA

Continued

Grains

Barley Corn

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 99

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA

Continued Miscellaneous

Continued

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish

Fruit Milk Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods Dairy products Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal . . . , Coke

Grains

Barley Oats

Rice Sorghum

Wheat

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Fiscal year
100 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA

Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash—Continued

Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Copper

iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, fish

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous. .

.

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous

8
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 101

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO OCEANIA—Continued Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda

Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

EUROPE TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Toulene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous
102 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO ASIA—Continued Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . .

.

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Potash

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . .

.

Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . .

.

Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite ore Manganese ore Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Miscellaneous Cement

Marble and stone

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified , Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Container cargo

Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Grains, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel,miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 103

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

AFRICA TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA.

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . .

,

Grains, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

Total AFRICA TO OCEANIA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . .

,

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total AFRICA TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods

Fish, refrigerated Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA (MIDDLE EAST) TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total

I 1990

12
104 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic

[Thousands of long tons] WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 105

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

I 1990 WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts .... Agricultural machinery and implements

Construction machinery and equipment

Other, unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Nitrate of soda

Fprtjhzers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores,miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Cotton

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Grains

Rice Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods; Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

Grains

4
106 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPEContinued

Grains—Continued

Rice Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board . . .

.

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax

Salt Soda and sodium compound

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead

Scrap

Zinc Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Molasses

Peas, dry Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual

Liciuefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil coconut

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Slag clinkers and dross Wax, paraffin Container cargo

160
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 107

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPE—

Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO AFRICA:

Grains

Barley Rice Wheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Infusorial earth

Salt Soda and sodium compound

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Container cargo

Total WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

.

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, potash

Nitrate of soda

Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

45
108 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

(Thousands of long tons]

I9SS I WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO WEST INDIES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Minerals, miscellaneous: Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Benzene

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley

Wheat

Other and unclassified
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 109

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal rear

WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE—Continued Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Borax

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash Fishmeal

Fertilizer, unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead , Zinc

MetalsAluminum

Copper

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Oilseeds

Peas, dry Petroleum and products Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO AFRICA:

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board , Pulpwood , Minerals, miscellaneous , Sulfur , Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . . .

.

Miscellaneous Paper and paper products , Total

3,401 3,186 3,421

1,684 117

1,440 160

2 985
110 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CANADA TO ASIA (MIDDLE EAST):

Lumber and products, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories, and parts Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Tubes pipes and fittings Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores

Iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses

•Skins and hides Sugar

Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Oil fish Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsSorghum

Wheat

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt

Fiscal year

6
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 111

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Ores and metals MetalsCopper

Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods ,

.

Dairy products

Fish Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Lumber and products, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Ores and metals OresCopper

Other and unclassified MetalsScrap Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Petroleum and products Gasoline

Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

268
112 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST

INDIES—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash—Continued

Fishmeai

Nitrate of soda

Other agricultural commodities

Molasses

Sugar, raw

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products,

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Tubes, pipes and fittings Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

Zinc MetalsCopper

Iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee

Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Sugar

Fiscal Year

450 307

66 40

4 1 "'"3 6

22

"is 2i 4 7 14 14 107 17430

107 11034 "23 23

10 17

3 10

2

5 7

13 6

12 4

1 2 264 392

1

ii9 84

12 24

79 69

I 34

53 180

1988 I

2
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 113

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPE—

Continued

Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire, and china

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, fish

Oil, vegetable

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Container cargo Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO AFRICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Wires, bars and rods Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas .• • • • Refrigerated, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, miscellaneous Benzene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

23
114 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal vear WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresChrome

Copper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Iron Lead

Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Skin and hides Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Fibers, plant Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, fish

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Porcelainware

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles Tobacco and products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Nitrate of soda

286

74

1906

33

106

255

18 401

1 4,593

2,21328

2,2505448

304

124

180

43

77

3 21 279

1 6,077

3,444 254

2,33346

18333

142

16 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 115

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CANADA—Continued

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Miscellaneous

8iJ, fish

il, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Grains

Rice Soybeans

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fishmeal Ores and metals, miscellaneous

I 1990

Fiscal Year

2127
116 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee

Peas, dry

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Gasoline

Miscellaneous Cement

Liquors and wines , Marble and stone

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . .

.

GrainsWheat

Soybeans

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Container cargo

I 1990

27
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 117

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST INDIES—

Continued

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead Manganese

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Lead

Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee

Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds Skins and hides Sugar

Wool, raw

1988

3,986
118 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE—

Continued

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Fibers, plant Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, fish Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO AFRICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Sugar

Total HAWAII TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified

3
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 119

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

MetalsLead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, coconut

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Meat

Other and unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Chrome

Manganese

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Ores and metals Manganese ore

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum and products

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous Container cargo

24

7
120 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA

Continued

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods , Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Oilseeds Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

Total OCEANIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Other and unclassified
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 121

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EUROPE—Continued

Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Copra and coconuts

Molasses

Peas, dry

Sugar

Wool, raw

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, coconut OiU vegetable

Paper and paper products

Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Toulene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Grains

Rice Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Other and uncla'-sified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks, and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals
122 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

OresAlumina/bauxite

Chrome

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricuhural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable

t*orcelainware Rubber, manufactured Wax paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . .

.

Lumber and products Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks, and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings

Fiscal rear

1,621
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 123

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST CANADA—Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel—Continued

Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/bauxite

Chrome

Copper

Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMEKICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petrolelum coke) Coal

Grains

Rice Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Other agricultural commodities

Rubber, raw

Miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil vegetable

Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Grains

Rice Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

I 1990 1988

J7

1g

2

32

1 _49

1
124 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel —Continued

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Petroleum and products Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous Carbon black

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Oil, vegetable Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin Contamer cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO CRISTOBAL, R.P. Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals Metals miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fish Meat

Other and unclassified

12 24

2

10

1

15 23

106

3

1988 I

32

1115517

1 48
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 125

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO WEST INDIES—Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

GrainsCorn

Rice Soybeans

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black Cement , Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Porcelainware

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1990

[Long tons]

Ailantic Commodity lo Pacific Ammonium compounds 479,729 Asbestos 7,379 Asphalt 24,502 Automobiles, trucks, and accessories 309,942 Bananas 6,400

Barley 9,651 Beans, edible 77,790 Benzene 129,233 Borax 2,847

Bricks and tile 10,685 Canned food products 29,824 Carbon black 28,248 Caustic soda 917,887 Cement 542,894 Chemicals, petroleum miscellaneous 1,286,246 Chemicals, unclassified 3,275,477

Clay, fire and china 623,298 Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) 5,064,949 Cocoa and cacao beans 4,323 Coffee 7,1 16 Coke, petroleum 783,919 Copra and coconuts 1 ,558 Corn 14,01 1,773 Cotton, raw 51 ,224

FertiUzers, miscellaneous 2,825,763

Fibers, plant 1,594 Fishmeal 632

Flour, wheat 148,816 Gasoline 1,937,782 Glass and glassware 10,775 Grains, various 237,054

Groceries, miscellaneous 53,905

Infusorial earth 1 79

Jet fuel 91 1,584 Kerosene 101,273

Liquefied gas 999,129

Liquors 6,955 Lumber and products (excluding pulpwood) 1,628,230 Machinery, agricultural 49,563 Machinery, construction 85,606 Machinery, electrical 33,296 Machinery, various 35,952 Manufactures of iron and steel 4,248,309

Metal, aluminum 409,147

Metal, copper 7,540

Metal, iron 291,086

Metal, lead 15,260 Metal, scrap 2,185,644

Metal, zinc 6,740

Metals, various (including tinplate) 58,630 Molasses 12,557

Nitrate of soda 7,877 Oats 2,165

Oil, coconut 6,386

Oil, crude 2,687,278

Oil, diesel 1.429,758

Oil, fish 91

Oil, lubricating 61 1,804

Oil, residual fuel 1,890,923

Oil, vegetable 175,703

Oilseeds 121,640 Ore, alumina/ bauxite 229,3 1

5

Ore, copper 67, 1 40

127

Pacijic
128 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1990—

Continued

[Long tons]

Commodity Ore, iron Ore, lead Ore, manganese

Ore, zinc Ores, various Paper and paper products

Peas, dry Petroleum products, various Phosphates

Potash Pulpwood

Refrigerated food products (excluding

bananas)

Resin

Rice Rubber, manufactured

Rubber, raw

Salt Seeds, excluding oilseeds Slag, clinkers, and dross Soda and sodium compounds

Sorghum

Soybeans

Sugar

Sulfur Tallow

Textiles Tobacco and manufactures Toluene Wax, paraffin Wheat

Wool, raw

All other

Total

Allanlic
Other Statistics

Table 13.— Water Supply and Usage

129

Percent of usage

Fiscal year

' 1990 1989

(A cre-feet) MADDEN AND GATUN LAKE WATER SUPPLY:

Total runoff. Madden Lake Basin 1,947,819 Evaporation from Madden Lake —39,903

Available for Madden Lake usage 1,908,016 Municipal water use Madden Lake —120,081 Available for downstream usage 1,787,935 Total runoff, Gatun Lake (area below Madden) . .

.

2,441,379 Subtotal 4,229,314 Evaporation from Gatun Lake —436,716

Available for Gatun watershed usage 3,792,598 MADDEN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power 1,667,241 Leakage 1 4,479 Spillway discharge 73,53

1

Municipal 120.081 Total Madden Lake usage 1,875,332 GATUN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power 1,389,991 Lockages, Gatun and Pedro Miguel 1,970,294 Municipal and other usages 109,383 Spillway discharge 204,9 1

3

Total Gatun Lake usage 3,674,581

2,024,984 —44,733

1,980,251 — 111,036

1,869,215

1,904.667 3,773,882 —454,435

3,319,447

1,843,595 14,479 92,837

111,036

2,061,947

983,999

2,005,739 104,734 455.762

3,550,234

89

14

6 100

38

54

3

5 100

89

15

5 100

28

56

3

13 100

Table 14.—Dredging Operations— Fiscal Year 1990

(Cubic yards) Earth Rock Total Pacific District ( Maintenance) 830,000 830,000

Pacific Entrance Widening 3,200,000 440,000 3,640,000 Grand Total 4,030,000 440,000 4,470,000
130 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 15.— Electrical Power Generated

(Gigawatt hours) ' Fiscal year

' 1990 1989 ' Generation: Gatun hydro station 87 62 Madden hydro station 197 187 Thermal generating stations 267 258

Gross generated by Panama Canal Commission 55

1

507

Less station service usage (11) (10)

Net total generated by Panama Canal Commission 540 497

Power Purchases: Through interconnect from Panama 10 17

Net Energy received for Wheeling 3 6 Power Sales: Through interconnect to Panama (22) (0.3)

Net power generated and purchased for Canal area only 53! 520

Other power generated by military for own use L 1

Total Canal area requirements 532 524 Power distributed to Comission's customers 497 487

Transmission and Distribution losses 35 37 Peak load (thousands of kilowatts) 84.6 83.6 Date of peak load June 19 March 6 Canal area load factor ^ 72% 71%

1 One gigawatt hour equal to I million kilowatt hours.

2 Total Canal area requirements divided by number of hours per year times peak load.

Table 16.— Fire Division Statistics

Fiscal Year J 990 Fiscal Year 1989

' Num- '

' Number ber of Property of Properly

fires loss fires loss Panama Canal Commission 47 $8,575 66 $44,005

Armed Forces' 229 568,795 247 56,126

Private (including ships)2 93 469,984 94 442,609 Republic of Panama ^ _95 148 J29 16,793 Total _464 1,047,502 536 $559,532

FY 1990 FY 1989 Calls for Emergency Aid "' 5,470 5,937 Total number of calls (all types) responded to' 5,934 6,473

1 FY 1990 amount includes $450,000,000 fire loss at Bldg. 220. Fort Clayton.

2 FY 1990 figure includes $220,000.00 fire loss at Bldg. 0603, Ancon, owned by Church of God.

3 Responses made to areas transferred to the Republic of Panama but responded to by Commission forces, such as grass fires, burning railroad ties, etc. The figure for FY 89 includes loss of $ 1 5,000.00 due to fire on GOP dump truck.

" Includes responses to all types of emergencies (ambulances and fire apparatuses).

5 FY 1989 figure is a correction to that reported in last year's annual report.
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

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