SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

502 

CAF 12-02358 

PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., CENTRA, FAHEY, SCONIERS, AND VALENTINO, JJ. 

 

IN THE MATTER OF CRYSTAL ABBOTT, 

PETITIONER-APPELLANT-RESPONDENT, 

V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

DAVID MERRITT, RESPONDENT-RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.

 

LESLEY C. GERMANOW, FULTON, FOR PETITIONER-APPELLANT-RESPONDENT.

LINDA M. CAMPBELL, SYRACUSE, FOR RESPONDENT-RESPONDENT-APPELLANT. 

A.J. BOSMAN, ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILDREN, ROME.

 

Appeal and cross appeal from an order of the Family Court, Oswego

County (Donald E. Todd, A.J.), entered November 14, 2012 in a

proceeding pursuant to Family Court Act article 6. The order, inter

alia, awarded sole legal custody of the children of the parties to

respondent.

It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is

unanimously affirmed without costs.

Memorandum: In October 2011, petitioner mother and respondent

father agreed to a stipulated order that, inter alia, gave them joint

legal custody of their children, with the father having primary

physical custody and the mother having liberal visitation. At the

time, the father lived in North Carolina and the mother was in the

process of relocating to North Carolina. The mother, however,

returned to New York in December and filed a petition seeking to

enforce the stipulated order in January 2012. The mother thereafter

filed a petition seeking to modify the stipulated order by requesting

that Family Court grant her primary physical custody of the children. 

After a hearing, the court granted the father sole legal and primary

physical custody of the children and granted the mother liberal

visitation. The mother appeals and the father cross-appeals.

We reject the father’s threshold procedural contention on his

cross appeal that the stipulated order vested jurisdiction in the

North Carolina courts. The stipulated order merely allowed either

party to petition a North Carolina court to modify visitation; it did

not require a party to do so. In any event, “parties cannot, by

agreement, confer jurisdiction on either state” (DeJac v DeJac, 17

AD3d 1066, 1068; see Arnold v Harari, 4 AD3d 644, 646). We reject the

father’s further contention on his cross appeal that the court erred
-2- 502 

CAF 12-02358 

in denying his motion to stay the mother’s enforcement petition and to

transfer the proceeding to North Carolina on the ground that New York

was an inconvenient forum. The record supports the court’s

determination that the factors set forth in Domestic Relations Law §

76-f (2) favored New York retaining jurisdiction. In particular, the

record establishes that the children have not resided in North

Carolina for very long; the father has more financial resources than

the mother to enable him to travel to New York for court proceedings;

and the New York courts have had prior involvement with the parties

(see Matter of Mercado v Frye, 104 AD3d 1340, 1341, lv denied 21 NY3d

859; Matter of Sutton v Sutton, 74 AD3d 1838, 1839-1840). While the

father asserted that much of the evidence needed at the hearing would

come from North Carolina, we note that the court allowed the father to

present the testimony of several witnesses via telephone (see Mercado,

104 AD3d at 1341; DeJac, 17 AD3d at 1067-1068). We also reject the

father’s contention on his cross appeal that the final ordering

paragraph of the court’s order must be stricken. In that paragraph,

the court stated that it would “maintain exclusive, continuing

jurisdiction over th[e] matter,” but it was “pursuant to Domestic

Relations Law § 76-a.” The court’s reference to section 76-a

indicates that the court would not continue to exercise jurisdiction

over the matter if it becomes inappropriate to do so. We reject the

father’s final contention on his cross appeal that the visitation

schedule grants excessive visitation to the mother (cf. Cesario v

Cesario, 168 AD2d 911, 911). Indeed, we note that the visitation

schedule ordered by the court was in large part proposed by the father

during his testimony.

Contrary to the mother’s contention on her appeal, we conclude

that the court’s custody determination has a sound and substantial

basis in the record (see Mercado, 104 AD3d at 1341-1342). The record

establishes the requisite change in circumstances inasmuch as the

mother has moved back to New York, thus rendering the visitation

schedule set forth in the stipulated order impractical (see Matter of

Rohan AA. v Lonna CC., 109 AD3d 1051, 1053). In addition, the record

further establishes that the parties are unable to communicate or make

joint decisions (see Matter of Murphy v Wells, 103 AD3d 1092, 1093, lv

denied 21 NY3d 854; Matter of Anthony MM. v Jacquelyn NN., 91 AD3d

1036, 1037). Contrary to the mother’s further contention on her

appeal, the court did not err in awarding the father sole legal

custody despite the absence of a petition seeking that relief. “[T]he

issue of an award of custody to any party was properly before the

court [because, i]n a child custody proceeding, a court has the

authority to enter orders for custody . . . as, in the court’s

discretion, justice requires, having regard to the circumstances of

the case and of the respective parties and to the best interests of

the child” (Matter of Hall v Porter, 52 AD3d 1289, 1289 [internal

quotation marks omitted]).

The mother’s contention on her appeal that the stipulated order

should have been vacated on the ground of fraud is not preserved for

our review because she did not move to vacate the stipulated order

(see generally Matter of York v Zullich, 89 AD3d 1447, 1448; cf.

Matter of Di Fiore v Scott, 2 AD3d 1417, 1418). The mother further
-3- 502 

CAF 12-02358 

contends that the court erred in finding that her enforcement petition

was moot and that the father should be held in contempt for failing to

comply with the stipulated order. We note, however, that the mother

never filed a violation petition or requested that the father be held

in contempt. Inasmuch as the court modified the stipulated order, we

conclude that it properly held that the mother’s petition seeking to

enforce that order was moot. The mother failed to object to the court

taking telephonic testimony of witnesses and therefore failed to

preserve for our review her contention with respect to that telephonic

testimony (see generally York, 89 AD3d at 1448). In any event, that

contention is without merit (see Domestic Relations Law § 75-j [2];

Matter of Kelly v Krupa, 63 AD3d 1395, 1396). Finally, the mother’s

challenge to one of the court’s temporary orders of visitation was

rendered moot by the final order of custody and visitation (see Matter

of Ramirez v Velez, 78 AD3d 1062, 1062-1063; Posporelis v Posporelis,

41 AD3d 986, 988; Moody v Sorokina, 40 AD3d 14, 19, appeal dismissed 8

NY3d 978, reconsideration denied 9 NY3d 887).

Entered: June 13, 2014 Frances E. Cafarell

Clerk of the Court