Tel.: +1 514-954-8219 ext. 6726

Ref.: AN 1/62.3-11/20 8 April 2011

Subject: Adoption of Amendment 7 to Annex 16,

Volume II

Action Required: a) Notify any disapproval before 18 July 2011; b) Notify an y differences and compliance before 17 October 2011; c) Consider the use of the Electronic Filing of Differences System (EFOD) for notification of differences and compliance

Sir/Madam,

1. I have the honour to inform you that Amendment 7 to the International Standards and Recommended Practices, Environmental Protection — Aircraft Engine Emissions (Annex 16, Volume II to the Convention on International Civil Aviation) was adopted by the Council at the third meeting of its 192nd Session on 4 March 2011. Copies of the Amendmen t and the Resolution of Adoption are available as attachments to the electronic version of this State letter on the ICAO-NET ( www.icao.int/icaonet ).

2. When adopting the amendment, the Council pr escribed 18 July 2011 as the date on which it will become effective, except for any part concer ning which a majority of Contracting States have registered their disapproval before that date. In addi tion, the Council resolved that Amendment 7, to the extent it becomes effective, will b ecome applicable on 17 November 2011.

3. Amendment 7 arises from the recommendations of the eighth meeting of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP/8). Th e subjects are given in the amendment to the Foreword of Annex 16, Volume II, Third Edition, a copy of which is in Attachment A.

4. The amendment to Annex 16, Volume II includes an increase in stringency of NO

x emissions Standards and an update to the production cu t-off provisions. The terminology of “equivalent procedures” has been introduced in order to improve consistency and harmoni zation within Annex 16,

Volume II and with the Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume II – Procedures for the Emissions Certification of Aircraft Engines . Readability and organization is improved by moving some paragraphs to more appropriate places and correcting some editorial issues.- 2 -

5. In accordance with the decision of the 26th Session of the Assembly, I would like to bring to your attention the Organization’s long-sta nding practice of providing documentation to States upon request. In this regard, I wish to refer you to the ICAO-NET website ( www.icao.int/icaonet ) where you can access all relevant documentation. The prac tice of dispatching printed copies of such

documentation has now been discontinued.

6. In conformity with the Resolution of Adoption, may I request that:

a) before 18 July 2011, you inform me if there is any part of the adopted Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) in Amendment 7, concerning which your Government wishes to register disapproval, using the form in Attachment B for this purpose. Please note that only statements of disapproval need be registered and if you do not reply it will be assumed that you do not disapprove of the amendment;

b) before 17 October 2011, you inform me of the following, using the form in Attachment C for this purpose:

1) any differences that will exist on 17 November 2011 between the national regulations or practices of your Governme nt and the provisions of the whole of Annex 16, Volume II, as amended by all amendments up to and including Amendment 7, and thereafter of any further differences that may arise; and

2) the date or dates by which your G overnment will have complied with the provisions of the whole of Annex 16, Vo lume II, as amended by all amendments up to and including Amendment 7.

7. With reference to the request in paragra ph 6 a) above, it should be noted that a registration of disapproval of Amendment 7 or any part of it in accordance with Article 90 of the

Convention does not constitute a notification of diffe rences under Article 38 of the Convention. To comply with the latter provision, a separate statemen t is necessary if any differences do exist, as requested in paragraph 6 b) 1). It is recalled in this resp ect that international Standards in Annexes have a conditional binding force, to the extent that the Stat e or States concerned have not notified any difference

thereto under Article 38 of the Convention.

8. With reference to the request in paragraph 6 b) above, it should be also noted that the Council, at the third meeting of its 192nd Session on 4 March 2011, agreed that pending the development of a concrete policy and operationa l procedures governing the use of EFOD, this system be used as an alternative means for filing of differen ces to all Annexes, except for Annex 9 — Facilitation and

Annex 17 — Security — Safeguarding International Civil Av iation against Acts of Unlawful Interference

. EFOD is currently available on the USOAP restricted website ( http://www.icao.int/soa ) which is accessible by all Member States (AN 1/1-11/28 refers) and you are invited to consider using this for notification of compliance and differences.

9. Guidance on the determination and reporting of differences is given in the Note on the

Notification of Differences in Attachment D.

10. Please note that a detailed repetition of previously notified differences, if they continue to apply, may be avoided by stating the current validity of such differences.- 3 -

11. I would appreciate it if you would also send a copy of your notifications, referred to in paragraph 6 b) above, to the ICAO Regiona l Director accredited to your Government.

12. As soon as practicable after the amendmen t becomes effective, on 18 July 2011, replacement pages incorporating Ame ndment 7 will be forwarded to you.

Accept, Sir/Madam, the assurances of my highest consideration.

Raymond Benjamin Secretary General

Enclosures:

A — Amendment to the Foreword of Annex 16,

Volume II

B — Form on notification of disapproval of all or part of Amendment 7 to Annex 16, Volume II

C — Form on notification of compliance with or differences from Annex 16, Volume II

D — Note on the Notification of DifferencesATTACHMENT A to State letter AN 1/62.3-11/20

AMENDMENT TO THE FOREWORD OF ANNEX 16, VOLUME II, THIRD EDITION

Add the following at the end of Table A:

Amendment Source(s) Subject(s) Adopted/Approved Effective Applicable



### 7 Eighth meeting of the

Committee on

Aviation

Environmental Protection (CAEP/8) a) Increase in stringency of the NO

x emissions Standards;

b) an update to the references to the

Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume II — Procedures for the Emissions Certification of Aircraft Engines ;

c) updates to the text to replace “variations in procedures” by “equivalent procedures,” in order to improve cons istency and harmonization within Annex 16,

Volume II and with the

Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume II — Procedures for the Emissions Certification of Aircraft Engines ;

d) the format of applicability dates in

Section 2.3.2 made consistent with

the convention used in Annex 6 and Annex 16, Volume I;

e) improved readability by moving some paragraphs to more appropriate places; and

f) minor editorial changes. 4 March 2011 18 July 2011

17 November 2011

— — — — — — — —— — — — — — — — ATTACHMENT B to State letter AN 1/62.3-11/20

NOTIFICATION OF DISAPPROVAL OF ALL OR PART OF AMENDMENT 7 TO ANNEX 16, VOLUME II

To: The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 University Street Montreal, Quebec

Canada H3C 5H7

(State) hereby wishes to disapprove the following parts of Amendment 7 to Annex 16, Volume II:

Signature

Date

NOTES

1) If you wish to disapprove all or part of Amendment 7 to Annex 16, Volume II, please dispatch this notification of disapproval to reach ICAO Headquart ers by 18 July 2011. If it has not been received by that date it will be assumed that you do not disapprove of the amendment. If you approve of all parts of Amendment 7, it is not necessary to return this notification of disapproval.

2) This notification should not be considered a notification of compliance with or differences from Annex 16, Volume II. Separate notifications on this are necessary. (See Attachment C.)

3) Please use extra sheets as required.ATTACHMENT C to State letter AN 1/62.3-11/20

NOTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH OR DIFFERENCES FROM ANNEX 16, VOLUME II (including all amendments up to and including Amendment 7)

To: The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 University Street Montréal, Quebec

Canada H3C 5H7

1. No differences will exist on between the national regulations and/or practices of (State) and the provisions of Annex 16, Volume II, including all amendments up to and including Amendment 7.

2. The following differences will exist on between the regulations and/or practices of (State) and the provisions of Annex 16, Volume II, including Amendment 7 (Please see Note 3) below.)

a) Annex

Provision b) Difference Category c) Details of Difference d) Remarks

(Please give

exact paragraph reference) (Please indicate A, B, or C) (Please describe the difference clearly and concisely) (Please indicate

reasons for the difference)

(Please use extra sheets as required)C-2

3. By the dates indicated below, (State) will have complied with the provisions of Annex 16, Volume II, including all amendments up to and including

Amendment 7 for which differences have been notified in 2 above.

a) Annex Provision b) Date c) Comments (Please give exact paragraph reference)

(Please use extra sheets as required)

Signature

Date

NOTES

1) If paragraph 1 above is applicable to you, please co mplete paragraph 1 and return this form to ICAO Headquarters. If paragraph 2 is applicable to you, please complete paragraphs 2 and 3 and return the form to ICAO Headquarters.

2) Please dispatch the form to reach ICAO Headquarters by 17 October 2011.

3) A detailed repetition of previously notified differences, if they conti nue to apply, may be avoided by stating the current validity of such differences.

4) Guidance on the notification of differences from An nex 16, Volume II is provided in the Note on the

Notification of Differences at Attachment D.

5) Please send a copy of this notification to the ICAO Regional Director accredited to your

Government.

— — — — — — — —ATTACHMENT D to State letter AN 1/62.3-11/20

NOTE ON THE NOTIFICATION OF DIFFERENCES TO ANNEX 16, VOLUME II

AND FORM OF NOTIFICATION (Prepared and issued in accordance w ith instructions of the Council)

1. Introduction

1.1 The Assembly and the Council, when review ing the notification of differences by States in compliance with Article 38 of the Convention, have repeatedly noted that the state of such reporting is not entirely satisfactory.

1.2 With a view to achieving a more comprehensiv e coverage, this note is issued to facilitate the determination and reporting of such differences a nd to state the primary purpose of such reporting.

1.3 The primary purpose of reporting of differences is to promote safety and efficiency in air navigation by ensuring that governmental and other agencies, including operators and service providers,

concerned with international civil aviation are made aw are of all national regulati ons and practices in so far as they differ from those prescribed in the ICAO Standards.

1.4 Contracting States are, therefore, requested to give particular attention to the notification before 17 October 2011 of differences with respect to Standards in Annex 16, Volume II. The Council has also urged Contracting States to extend the a bove considerations to Recommended Practices.

1.5 Contracting States are asked to note further that it is necessary to make an explicit statement of intent to comply where such intent exists , or where such is not the intent, of the difference or

differences that will exist. This statement should be made not only to the latest amendment but to the whole Annex, including the amendment.

1.6 If previous notifications have been made in respect of this Annex, detailed repetition may be avoided, if appropriate, by sta ting the current validity of the earlier notification. States are requested to provide updates of the differences previously notif ied after each amendment, as appropriate, until the difference no longer exists.

2. Notification of differences to Annex 16, Volume II, including Amendment 7

2.1 Past experience has indicated that the repor ting of differences to Annex 16, Volume II

has in some instances been too extensive since some appear merely to be a different manner of expressing

the same intent.

2.2 Guidance to Contracting States in the repor ting of differences to Annex 16, Volume II can only be given in very general terms. Where the na tional regulations of States call for compliance with procedures that are not identical but essentially simila r to those contained in the Annex, no difference should be reported since the details of the procedur es existing are the subject of notification through the medium of aeronautical information publicati ons. Although differences to Recommended Practices are not notifiable under Article 38 of the Convention, Cont racting States are urged to notify the Organization of the differences between their national regulati ons and practices and any corresponding Recommended

Practices contained in an Annex. States should cate gorize each difference notified on the basis of whether the corresponding national regulation is:______________________ *The expression “different in character or other means of compliance” in b) would be applied to a national regulation which achieves, by other means, the sa me objective as that of the corresponding ICAO SARPs and so cannot be classified under a) or c). D-2

a) More exacting or exceeds the ICAO Standard or Recommended Practice (SARP) (Category A) . This category applies when the national regulation is more demanding than the corresponding SARP, or imposes an obligation within the scope of the Annex which is not covered by a SARP. Th is is of particular importance where a State requires a higher standard which aff ects the operation of aircraft of other Contracting States in and above its territory;

b) Different in character or other means of compliance (Category B)*

. This category applies when the national regulation is di fferent in character from the corresponding ICAO SARP, or when the national regulation differs in principle, type or system from the corresponding SARP, without necessarily imposing an additional obligation; and

c) Less protective or partially implemented / not implemented (Category C) . This category applies when the national regulation is less protective than the corresponding SARP; or when no national regulation has been promulgated to address the corresponding SARP, in whole or in part.

2.3 For States that have already fully reported differences from Annex 16, Volume II or have reported that no differences exist, the reporting of an y further differences occasioned by the amendment should be relatively straightforward; however, attention is called to pa ragraph 1.5 wherein it is indicated that this statement should be not only to the latest amendment but to the whole Annex, including the

amendment.

3. Form of notification of differences

3.1 Differences should be notified in the following form:

a) Reference : The number of the paragraph or subparagraph in Annex 16,

Volume II as amended which contains the Standard or Recommended Practice to which the difference relates;

b) Category : Indicate the category of the differen ce as A, B or C in accordance with paragraph 2.2 above;

c) Description of the difference : Clearly and concisely describe the difference and its effect;

d) Remarks : Under “Remarks” indicate reasons for the difference and intentions including any planned date for implementation.D-3

3.2 The differences notified will be recorded in a Supplement to the Annex, normally in the terms used by the Contracting State when making the notification. In the interest of making the supplement as useful as possible, please make statem ents as clear and concise as possible and confine remarks to essential points. Comments on implementati on, in accordance with paragraph 4 b) 2) of the Resolution of Adoption, should not be combined with those concerning differences. The provision of extracts from national regulations cannot be considered as sufficient to satisfy the obligation to notify

differences. General comments that do not relate to specific differences will not be published in Supplements.

— END —AMENDMENT No. 7

TO THE

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES



# ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

ANNEX 16

TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION

VOLUME II

AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSIONS

The amendment to Annex 16, Volume II, contained in this document was adopted by the Council of ICAO on 4 March 2011 . Such parts of this amendment as have not been disapproved by more than half of the total number of Contracting States on or before 18 July 2011 will become effective on that date and will become applicable on 17 November 2011 as specified in the Resolution of Adoption. (State letter AN 1/62.3-11/20 refers.)

MARCH 2011

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATIONAMENDMENT 7 TO THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES



## ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION — AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSIONS

RESOLUTION OF ADOPTION

The Council

Acting in accordance with the Conventi on on International Civil Aviation, and particularly with the provisions of Articles 37, 54 and 90 thereof,

1. Hereby adopts on 4 March 2011 Amendment 7 to the International Standards and

Recommended Practices contained in the document entitled International Standards and Recommended Practices, Environmental Protection — Aircraft Engine Emissions which for convenience is designated Annex 16, Volume II to the Convention;

2. Prescribes 18 July 2011 as the date upon which the said Amendment shall become effective, except for any part thereof in respect of which a majority of the Contracting States have registered their disapproval with the Council before that date;

3. Resolves that the said Amendment or such parts thereof as have become effective shall become applicable on 17 November 2011;

4. Requests the Secretary General:

a) to notify each Contracting State immediately of the above action and immediately after 18 July 2011 of those parts of the amendment which have become effective;

b) to request each Contracting State:

1) to notify the Organization (in accord ance with the obligation imposed by Article 38 of the Convention) of the differences that will exist on 17 November 2011 between its national regulations or practices and the provisions of the Standards in the Annex as hereby amended, such notification to be made before 17 October 2011, and thereafter to notify the Organization of any further differences that arise;

2) to notify the Organization before 17 Oc tober 2011 of the date or dates by which it will have complied with the provisions of the Standards in the Annex as hereby

amended.

c) to invite each Contracting State to no tify additionally any differences between its own practices and those established by the Recommended Practices, when the notification of such differences is important for the safety of air navigation, following the procedure specified in subparagraph b) above with respect to differences from

Standards.

— — — — — — — —2

NOTES ON THE PRESENTATION OF THE AMENDMENT TO ANNEX 16, VOLUME II

1. The text of the amendment is arranged to show delete d text with a line through it and new text highlighted with grey shading, as shown below:

1. Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it. text to be deleted

2. New text to be inserted is highlighted with grey shading. new text to be inserted

3. Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it followed by the replacement text which is highlighted with grey shading. new text to replace existing text

2. The proposed amendment to Annex 16, Volume II arises from Recommendation 2/2 of the eighth meeting of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection.3

TEXT OF AMENDMENT 7 TO THE

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

ANNEX 16

TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION

VOLUME II — AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSIONS

. . .

PART I. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS

CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS

. . .

Note.— Attention is drawn to the difference between the definition of “derived version of an aeroplane” in Volume I of Annex 16 and the defin ition of “derivative version” in this Volume.

Exhaust nozzle . In the exhaust emissions sampling of gas tu rbine engines where the jet effluxes are not mixed (as in some turbofan engines for example) th e nozzle considered is th at for the gas generator (core) flow only. Where, however, the jet efflux is mixed the nozzle considered is the total exit

nozzle.

. . .

PART III. EMISSIONS CERTIFICATION

CHAPTER 1. ADMINISTRATION

. . .

1.4 Contracting States shall recognize as valid emissions certification granted by the certificating authority of another Contracting State provided thatthe requirements under which such certification was granted are not less stringent than the provisions of Volume II of this Annex.

1.5 Contracting States shall recognise as valid e ngine exemptions against an engine production cutoff requirement granted by a certificating authorit y of another Contracting State provided that the exemptions are granted in accordance w ith the process and criteria defined in the Environmental

Technical Manual ( Doc 9501 ), Volume II

— Procedures for the Emissions Certification of Aircraft Engines

.4

CHAPTER 2. TURBOJET AND TURBOFAN ENGINES INTENDED FOR

PROPULSION ONLY AT SUBSONIC SPEEDS

2.1 General

2.1.1 Applicability

2.1.1.1 The provisions of this chapter shall appl y to all turbojet and turbofan engines, as further specified in 2.2 and 2.3, intended for propulsion only at subsonic speeds, except when certificating authorities make exemptions for:

. . .

b) a limited number of engines over a specific period of time beyond the dates of applicability specified in 2.2 and 2.3 for the manufacture of the individual engine.

2.1.1.2 In such cases, an exemption document shall be issued by the certificating authority, the identification plates on the engines shall be marked “EXEMPT,” “EXEMPT NEW” or “EXEMPT

SPARE” and the grant of exemption shall be noted in the permanent engine record. Exemptions shall be reported by engine serial number and made av ailable via an official public register.

2.1.1.3 The provisions of this chapter shall al so apply to engines designed for applications that otherwise would have been fulfilled by turbojet and turbofan engines.

Note.— In considering exemptions, certificating authorities should take into account the probable numbers of such engines that will be produced and their impact on the environment. When such an exemption is granted, the certificating authority shou ld consider imposing a time limit on the production of such engines for installation on new aircraft or on existing aircraft as spares

. Further guidance on issuing exemptions is provided in the Environmental Technical Manual ( Doc 9501 ), Volume II

— Procedures for the Emissions Certification of Aircraft Engines

.

. . .

2.1.4 Reference conditions

. . .

2.1.4.4 Fuel specifications

The fuel used during tests shall meet the specifications of Appendix 4 , unless a deviation and any necessary corrections have been agreed by the certificating aut hority. Additives used for the purpose of smoke suppression (such as organo

- metallic compounds) shall not be present

.

. . .

2.2 Smoke

. . .

2.2.2 Regulatory Smoke Number

The Smoke Number at any of the four LTO operating mode thrust settings when measured and computed in accordance with the procedures of Appendix 2 , or an equivalent procedure as agreed by the5

certificating authority, and converted to a characteristic level by the procedures of Appendix 6 shall not exceed the level determined from the following formula:

Regulatory Smoke Number = 83.6 ( F

oo ) –0.274
or a value of 50, whichever is lower

Note.

― Guidance material on the definition and the use of equivalent procedures is provided in the
Environmental Technical Manual ( Doc 9501 ) , Volume II

— Procedures for the Emissions Certification of Aircraft Engines

.

2.3 Gaseous emissions

. . . 2.3.2 Regulatory levels

Gaseous emission levels when measured and computed in accordance with the procedures of Appendix 3

and converted to characteristic leve ls by the procedures of Appendix 6 , or an equivalent procedure as agreed by the certificating authority, shall not exceed the regulatory leve ls determined from the following

formulas:

. . .

a) for engines of a type or model for which the da te of manufacture of the first individual production

model was on or before 31 December 1995 before 1 January 1996 and for which the date of manufacture of the individual engine was on or before 31 December 1999 before 1 January 2000

.

. . .

b) for engines of a type or model for which the da te of manufacture of the first individual production

model was after 31 December 1995 on or after 1 January 1996 or for which the date of manufacture of the individual engine was after 31 December 1999 on or after 1 January 2000

.

. . .

c) for engines of a type or model for which the da te of manufacture of the first individual production

model was after 31 December 2003 on or after 1 January 2004 :

. . .

2) for engines with a pressure ration of more than 30 but less than 62.5:

. . .

ii) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 26.7 kN but not more than 89.0

kN:

D p /F

oo = 42.71 + 1.4286 π oo – 0.4013 F

oo + 0.00642 π oo × F

oo

. . .

d) for engines of a type or model for which the date of manufacture of the first individual production6

model was after 31 December 2007 on or after 1 January 2008 or for which the date of manufacture of the individual engine was on or after 1 January 2013 :

1) for engines with a pressure ratio of 30 or less:

i) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 89.0 kN:

D p /

F

oo = 16.72 + ( 1.4080 * π oo )

ii) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 26.7 kN but not more than 89.0

kN:

D p /

F

oo = 38.5486 + ( 1.6823 * π oo )

– ( 0.2453 * F

oo )

– ( 0.00308 * π oo * F

oo )

2) for engines with a pressure ratio of more than 30 but less than 82.6:

i) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 89.0 kN:

D p /

F

oo = –1.04 + ( 2.0 * π oo )

ii) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 26.7 kN but not more than 89.0

kN:

D p /

F

oo = 46.1600 + ( 1.4286 * π oo )

– ( 0.5303 * F

oo ) + ( 0.00642 * π oo * F

oo )

3) for engines with a pressure ratio of 82.6 or more:

D p /

F

oo = 32 + ( 1.6 * π oo )

e) for engines of a type or model for which the da te of manufacture of the first individual production

model was on or after 1 January 2014 :

1) for engines with a pressure ratio of 30 or less:

i) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 89.0 kN:

D p /F

oo = 7.88 + 1.4080 π oo

ii) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 26.7 kN but not more than 89.0

kN:

D p /F

oo = 40.052 + 1.5681 π oo – 0.3615F

oo – 0.0018 π oo F

oo

2) for engines with a pressure ratio of more than 30 but less than 104.7:

i) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 89.0 kN:

D

p /F

oo = –9.88 + 2.0 π oo

ii) for engines with a maximum rated thrust of more than 26.7 kN but not more than 89.0

kN:7

D

p /F

oo = 41.9435 + 1.505 π oo – 0.5823F

oo + 0.005562 π oo F

oo

3) for engines with a pressure ratio of 104.7 or more:

D

p /F

oo = 32 + 1.6 π oo

Note.

― Guidance material on the definition and the u se of equivalent procedures is provided the

Environmental Technical Manual ( Doc 9501 ) , Volume II

— Procedures for the Emissions Certification of Aircraft Engines

.

. . .

APPENDIX 2. SMOKE EMISSION EVALUATION

1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS

Note.— The procedures specified h ere are concerned with the ac quisition of representative exhaust samples and their transmission to, and anal ysis by, the emissions measuring system.

1.1 Variations in the procedure Any equivalent procedures to those contained in this Appendix shall only be allowed after prior application to a nd approval by the certificating authority.

. . .

2. MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE EMISSIONS

. . .

2.4 Fuel specifications

The fuel shall meet the specifications of Appendix 4 . Additives used for the purpose of smoke suppression (such as organo

- metallic compounds) shall not be present.

. . .

3. CALCULATION OF SMOKE NUMBER FROM MEASURED DATA

. . .

The masses of the various samples shall be calculated by

W

= 0.348 PV/T × 10 –2 (kg)

where P and T are, respectively, the sample pressure in pascals Pascal and the temperature in kelvin

Kelvin , measured immediately upstream of the volume meter. V is the measured sample volume in cubic

metres.

. . .8

APPENDIX 3. INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR GASEOUS EMISSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

Note.— The procedures specified in this appe ndix are concerned with the acquisition of representative exhaust samples and th eir transmission to, and analysis by, the emissions measuring system. The procedures do not apply to engines em ploying afterburning. The methods proposed are representative of the best readily av ailable and most established practice.

Variations in the procedure Any equivalent procedures to those contained in this appendix shall only be allowed after prior application to a nd approval by the certificating authority.

2. DEFINITIONS

Exhaust nozzle. In the exhaust emissions sampling of gas tu rbine engines where the jet effluxes are not mixed (as in some turbofan engines for example) th e nozzle considered is th at for the gas generator (core) flow only. Where, however, the jet efflux is mixed the nozzl e considered is the total exit

nozzle.

. . .

APPENDIX 4. SPECIFICATION FOR FUEL TO BE USED IN

AIRCRAFT TURBINE ENGINE EMISSION TESTING

The fuel shall meet the specifications of this A ppendix 4, unless a deviation and any necessary corrections have been agreed by the certificating authority. Additives used for the purpose of smoke suppression (such as organo-metallic compounds) shall not be present.

. . .

— END —