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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

ANNUAL REPORT

FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1989

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Balboa, Republic of Panama

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR

It is a pleasure to submit the annual report of the Panama Canal

Commission for fiscal year 1989.

This historic year concluded the first decade of operation of the Commission

under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaty and the Canal's 75th year of

service to world shipping. A number of elements in Canal traffic, as well as

tolls revenue, experienced declines this year, reversing a four year growth

trend. Oceangoing transits decreased modestly by 2.0 percent, with Panama

Canal net tonnage and tolls revenue each reflecting declines of about 2.8 percent over the previous year. Transits by PANAMAX size vessels, the

largest vessels the waterway can presently handle, also decreased by 4.5 percent. A slowing of the United States and Japanese economies and shifts in Canal traffic patterns have been responsible for the downturn in Canal

traffic.

The political crisis in Panama, which has been impinging on relations between Panama and the United States for more than two years, continued

to intensify. This condition had a serious adverse impact on the morale of the Canal work force, and provoked broad concern for the safe and efficient operation of the waterway. A variety of contingency measures were

temporarily invoked to ensure the normal flow of Canal traffic. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the political situation be effectively resolved.
Despite the political unrest, all necessary maintenance, modernization and

improvement programs were accomplished without interruption. These

programs included the Pedro Miguel Locks overhaul, completion of a major

project to widen Bohio Curve, continued widening of the Pacific entrance of

the Canal, delivery of a new dredge tender and six new launches, and

excellent progress on the installation of a modern marine-type foam fire fighting system at Miraflores Locks.

Training programs continued to receive high priority to develop and refine

critical skills and accelerate Panamanian participation in the management

and operation of the Canal. As of the end of the fiscal year, Panamanians

comprised nearly 86 percent of the Isthmian work force, with broad

responsibilities throughout the organization.

Mr. Robert W. Page was elected Chairman, Board of Directors of the Panama Canal Commission, effective June 1, 1989, succeeding Mr. William

R. Gianelli who had served in that capacity for eight years. The Board of

Directors also recommended a toll rate increase of 9.8 percent, which was

approved by the President to take effect at the beginning of FY 1990. The

increase was necessary to allow the Commission to meet its legal obligation

to recover through tolls and other revenues all costs of operating,

maintaining and improving the Canal.

The past year tested the capability of the Commission employees to perform

under extraordinary trying circumstances, and they successfully met the challenge. Their pride, commitment and special dedication to the waterway

were key elements in preserving the traditional high standards of Canal

transit service. With a view to the next decade. Canal management remains

committed to operating an efficient, modern Canal for the benefit of world commerce.

D. P. McALi.ifH

Administrator
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Page

ORGANIZATION CHART vi INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION I THE CANAL | TOLL RATES 2 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 3 OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA 3 OFFICIAL IN WASHINGTON. DC 3 CHAPTER I —CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC 5 COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS 6 COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES 6 CHAPTER II—CANAL OPERATIONS

TRANSIT OPERATIONS 13 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS 15 CHAPTER III— SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

LOGISTICAL SERVICES 19 COMMUNITY SERVICES 20 SANITATION AND GROUNDS 21 CHAPTER IV—ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL; FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL 23 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM 23 PUBLIC AFFAIRS 24 OMBUDSMAN 24 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 25 GENERAL COUNSEL 25 MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES 26 PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY 26 FIRE PROTECTION 26 CANAL PROTECTION 27 HEALTH AND SAFETY 27 CHAPTER V— FINANCIAL REPORT

NARRATIVE STATEMENT 29 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 29 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES 29

III
CONTENTS

Financial Tables

TABLE I. —Statement of Financial Position TABLE 2—Statement of Operations

TABLE 3.—Statement of Changes in the investment of the United States Government TABLE 4.—Statement of Cash Flows TABLE 5.—Statement of Status of Appropriations

TABLE 6.—Statement of Property, Plant and Equipment

Notes to Financial Statements

Page

3234

36

3840

42

43

CHAPTER VI—STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics TABLE I. Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1980 Through 1989 50 TABLE 2.—Oceangoing Commercial Traffic by Months— Fiscal Years 1989 and 1988 52 TABLE 3.—Canal Traffic by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1989 53 TABLE 4.—Classification of Canal Traffic by Type of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1989 56 TABLE 5. —Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1989 58 TABLE 6. —Segregation of Transits by Registered Gross Tonnage—Fiscal Year 1989 60 TABLE 7. —Principal Commodities Shipped Through Canal by Fiscal Years ... 62 TABLE 8.—Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama

Canal from Atlantic to Pacific During Fiscal Year 1989 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 66 TABLE 9. —Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo Through the Panama

Canal from Pacific to Atlantic During Fiscal Year 1989 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 72 TABLE 10. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific 80 TABLE II. —Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic 101 TABLE 12. — Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1989 124

Other Statistics

TABLE 13. -Water Supply and Usage .. TABLE 14. —Dredging Operations

TABLE 15. —Electrical Power Generated TABLE 16. —Fire Division Statistics . . .

.

126 126

127

127

IV
Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2009 with funding from

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http://www.archive.org/details/annualreport1989unit

INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION

The Panama Canal Commission is an agency of the Executive Branch of

the United States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty of

1977, and established by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 452; 22

U.S.C. 3601 et seq), enacted September 27, 1979. The authority of the President of the United States with respect to the Commission is exercised

through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Army. The

Commission is supervised by a nine-member Board. Five members are nationals of the United States appointed by the President with the advice

and consent of the Senate. Four members are nationals of the Republic of

Panama who are proposed by the Republic of Panama for appointment by

the President.

The Commission was established to carry out the responsibilities of the United States with respect to the Panama Canal under the Panama Canal

Treaty of 1977. In fulfilling these obligations, the Commission manages,

operates, and maintains the Canal, its complementary works, installations,

and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessels through the Canal. The Commission will perform these functions until the treaty

terminates on December 31, 1999, at which time the Republic of Panama

will assume full responsibility for the Canal.

The operation of the waterway is conducted on a self-financing basis. The

Commission is expected to recover through tolls and other revenues all costs of operating and maintaining the Canal, including interest, depreciation,

capital for plant replacement, expansion and improvements, and payments

to the Republic of Panama for public services and annuities, in accordance

with paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraphs 4(a) and (b) of Article XIII,

respectively, of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. Revenues from tolls and

all other sources are deposited in the U.S. Treasury in an account known as the Panama Canal Revolving Fund. The resources in this fund are available

for continuous use and serve to finance Canal operating and capital

programs which are reviewed annually by the Congress.

THE CANAL

The Panama Canal is a lock-type canal approximately 5 1 miles long from

deep water to deep water. The minimum width of the navigable channel is 500 feet. Navigable channel depth can vary according to the amount of water
2 INTRODUCTION

available in Canal storage areas; however, the normal permissible transit draft is 39 feet 6 inches tropical fresh water.

Vessels transiting the Canal are raised in three steps to the level of Gatun

Lake, the principal source of Canal water, then lowered to sea level again in three steps. The three sets of Canal locks are paired so as to permit

simultaneous lockage of two vessels in the same or opposite direction. Since August 15. 1914, the official date of its opening, the Panama Canal

has served world trade virtually without interruption. Through this fiscal year, a total of 704,35 1 vessels of all types have transited with 594,462 or 84.4 percent of the total being of the oceangoing commercial class. TOLL RATES

Toll rates during FY 1989 were: (a) on merchant vessels. Army and Navy

transports, hospital ships, supply ships, and yachts, when carrying passengers or cargo, $1.83 per net vessel ton of 100 cubic feet of actual earning capacity, as determined in accordance with the "Rules of

Measurement of Vessels for the Panama Canal;" (b) on such vessels in ballast, without passengers or cargo, $1.46 per net vessel ton; and (c) on

other floating craft, $ 1 .02 per ton of displacement. These rates have been in effect since March 12, 1983. A toll rate increase of 9.8 percent was recommended by the Panama Canal

Commission's Board of Directors and approved by the President of the United States to be effective October 1, 1989. This increase is necessary to allow the Commission to meet its legal obligations of recovering through

tolls and other revenues all costs of operating, maintaining and improving

the waterway.

By treaty, the United States continues to provide to Colombia free transit through the Canal of its troops, materials of war, and ships of war.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Ending Fiscal Year 1989

Honorable ROBERT W. PAGE

Chairman, Board of Directors

Panama Canal Commission

Washington, D.C.

Honorable Andrew E. Gibson

Short Hills, New Jersey

Honorable Richard N. Holwill

American Ambassador to Ecuador

Quito, Ecuador

Honorable Oyden Ortega

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Carlos Ozores

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Walter J. Shea

Annapolis, Maryland

Honorable William W. Watkin, Jr. Beaufort, South Carolina

Executive Committee

Honorable Robert W. Page

Chairman

Honorable CARLOS OzoRES

Honorable Walter J. Shea

Honorable William W. Watkin, Jr.

OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Administrator Honorable D. P. MCAULIFFE

Deputy Administrator Honorable Fernando Manfredo, Jr.

OFFICIAL IN WASHINGTON, D.C.

Assistant to the Chairman and Secretary MICHAEL Rhode, Jr.
CANAL TRAFFIC

The flexibility and versatility of the Panama Canal is demonstrated in the efficient movement

of large products in a near fully assembled state. The "Super Servant 4" (upper photo)

transports an entire electrical power generating station for delivery to the Dominican

Republic. The "Sea Bridge" (lower photo) enters Gatun Locks on a northbound v-oyage to

deliver two huge container cranes to the Port of Baltimore on the east coast of the U.S.A.
Chapter I

CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC

Canal traffic and tolls revenue declined in fiscal year 1989, reversing a four-year growth trend. The slowing of the U.S. and Japanese economies

and the shifts in Canal traffic patterns which drove the downturn were most

evident in three key Canal trades—grain, automobiles and petroleum and

products. Additionally, containerized cargo, which in recent years had been

a major contributor to Canal traffic growth, increased at relatively low rates. Strong gains in phosphates, sulfur and manufactures of iron and steel were

insufficient to override the poor performance of other key trades. Oceangoing transits in fiscal year 1989 declined to 12,075 or 33.1 daily

from 12,318 or 33.7 per day. Commercial vessels accounted for 11,989

oceangoing transits, decUning 2.0 percent from 12,234 in fiscal year 1988. Vessels owned or operated by the U.S. Government and free Colombian and

Panamanian Government vessels accounted for 86 transits, compared with

84 in the prior year. The drop in the tonnage of certain cargoes which are normally carried on

large ships resulted in a decline in average ship size. Transits by vessels having beams of 100 feet and over decreased to 2,765 from 2,894 transits in 1988, accounting for 22.9 percent of total oceangoing transits compared with

23.5 percent in the prior year. Vessels having beams of 80 feet and over reached 5,734 transits or 47.5 percent of total oceangoing transits, versus 6,027 or 48.9 percent in 1988. The average Panama Canal net tonnage of

oceangoing commercial vessels declined 1.0 percent to 15,500 tons from the record 15,658 tons of the prior year. A two-year summary of the key

elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue is shown in the following table.
CANAL TRAFFIC

COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal year

I 1989 1988 I Oceangoing transits: ComnTercial 1 1,989 12,234 U.S. Government 74 69

Free 12 15 Total 12,075 12,318

Daily average 33.1 33.7

Small transits: Commercial 997 844

U.S. Government 287 246

Free 30 33

Total 1,314 1,123

Total cargo: Commercial 151,644,424 156,484,063

U.S. Government 224,121 296,140

Free 3 Total 151,868,548 156,780,203

Total Panama Canal net tons and reconstructed displace- ment tonnage 186,962,894 192,422,315

Transit revenue: Commercial tolls $327,946,771 $337,946,016

U.S. Government tolls 1,818,855 1,373,309

Tolls revenue $329,765,626 $339,319.325

Harbor pilotage, tug, launch, and other services $70,008,117 $70,421,731

Total transit revenue $399,773.743 $409,741,056

COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES

Cargo shipments through the Canal declined in fiscal year 1989. Total

commercial cargo dropped 3. 1 percent to 1 5 1 .6 million long tons from 1 56.5

million tons in fiscal year 1988, primarily as a result of sharp declines in two

bulk commodity groups —grain and petroleum. While a number of

commodities showed increases, these only partially offset the losses in the other trades. Displaying the characteristic volatility of the trade, grain tonnage declined

16.6 percent to 29.9 million tons from 35.9 million tons in fiscal year 1988. Ihe severe decline was primarily the result of a reduction in U.S. corn

exports to the Far East via the Canal, which dropped over 5 million tons to

9.6 million tons from 14.9 million tons in the prior year. The drop-off was

driven by a series of factors, particularly a shift of export corn to Pacific
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 7

ports as a result of highly competitive rail rates to the West Coast.

Additionally, U.S. corn exports to Japan were affected by increasing

competition from other corn producing countries, rising U.S. corn prices

and changes in the use of feedgrain by the Japanese. Corn shipments totaled

10.5 million tons, declining 35.1 percent from the 16.2 million tons shipped

through the Canal in 1988. Other components of the commodity group

experiencing declines were soybeans, which dropped 24.2 percent to 5.2 million tons from 6.9 million tons, and sorghum, which was down 10.2 percent to 1.9 million tons from 2.2 million tons in the prior year. Wheat,

with a record 1 1 .0 million tons, accounted for the largest tonnage in the grain

commodity group, reflecting a 16.8 percent rise over the 9.4 million tons shipped through the Canal in 1988. The increase was due to record

shipments from the U.S. to China, which totaled 8.2 million tons compared

with 5.0 million tons in the prior year. Continuing a downward trend which began in 1986, petroleum and

products decreased 9.6 percent to 22.2 million long tons, the lowest level since 1976. Crude oil fell 10.4 percent to 7.9 million long tons from 8.8 million tons in the prior year and petroleum products dropped 9. 1 percent to

14.4 million tons from 15.8 million tons. With the exception of Ecuadorian

oil flows, which registered a 3.0 percent increase to 5.2 million tons, all crude

oil flows dropped, reflecting lower exports or use of alternatives to the Canal. The decline in the petroleum products group was primarily due to a sharp reduction in residual fuel oil shipments which fell 15.3 percent to 4.2 million tons. While not suffering a major drop in terms of tonnage, automobile

shipments declined 7.8 percent to 2.0 million tons from 2.2 million tons in 1988, largely contributing to this year's downturn in Canal traffic. Because

of their configuration, automobile carriers pay the highest toll per cargo ton

in Canal traffic and, as a result, a drop in automobile tonnage translates into a disproportionately higher reduction in Panama Canal net tonnage and

tolls revenue. The decline this year marked the third consecutive year the automobile trade exhibited deteriorated levels. The trade continues to be

adversely affected by the establishment of Japanese car manufacturing bases

in the U.S. and by a slowdown in consumer demand. Automobiles from

Japan destined for the U.S. East Coast, totaled 1.4 million tons versus 1.5 million tons in 1988. The nitrate, phosphates and potash group increased 17.0 percent to 14.2 million long tons from 12.1 million tons in 1988. Phosphates, which account

for 61 percent of the group, increased 23.6 percent to 8.6 million tons from

nearly 7.0 million tons in the prior year. Close to 77 percent of the phosphates tonnage shipped through the Canal originated in the U.S. East Coast and was destined primarily for the Far East. China received about 1 .9 million long tons, Japan accounted for 1.4 million long tons and South

Korea imported 1.2 million long tons.
8 CANAL TRAFFIC

The tonnage of ores and metals rose about 2 percent to 10.5 million long

tons from 10.3 million long tons in 1988. Total ores, accounting for 65

percent of the group, increased 5.6 percent to 6.8 million long tons from 6.5 million tons in the prior year. Aluminum/ bauxite ore, the leading

commodity within the group, increased 52.9 percent to 2.4 million tons. About 76 percent of the aluminum/ bauxite originated in Australia and was

primarily destined for the U.S. East Coast. The movement of metals

decreased 4.8 percent to 3.7 million tons from 3.9 million tons in 1988, with

scrap metal, the largest component of the metals group, reflecting a 5.3 percent decline to 2.0 million long tons. The coal and coke trade exhibited an improvement, rising to 8.9 million

long tons from 8.6 million tons in 1988. The gain was due to increased coke

shipments, which had been moving upward since 1987. Coke tonnage was up

from 1.8 million tons in 1988 to 2.2 million tons in 1989, with 1.2 million long

tons of the 1989 total shipped from Japan to the U.S. East Coast. The coal

segment of this commodity group remained flat at 6.8 million long tons. Over 71 percent of the coal shipped through the Canal constituted U.S. coal

exports, primarily destined for Japan and Taiwan.

The rate of growth of containerized cargo ~ representing 79.9 percent of

the commodities grouped under the "All Other" category — slowed further

this year to 4.5 percent, with this percentage reflecting a gain to 19.9 million tons from 19. 1 million tons in 1988. Trade between the U.S. and the Far East

constituted 53.2 percent of the containerized cargo moving via the Canal,

with U.S. exports to the Far East totaling 5.7 million tons compared with 5.8 million tons in the prior year and U.S. imports from the Far East accounting

for 4.9 million tons versus 4.8 million tons in 1988. The sluggish performance

of this important container trade route reflected the slowing economies of

both the U.S. and Japan and the continued competition exerted in this trade

by the U.S. intermodal system. In contrast, the U.S. West Coast/ Europe

route, the second most important container flow with a share of 13.4 percent,

increased 13.8 percent to 2.7 million tons from 2.3 million tons in 1988. A number of commodity groups, such as manufactures of iron and steel, chemicals and petroleum chemicals, and canned and refrigerated foods,

registered gains in 1989. These gains were offset by declines in other

commodities including miscellaneous minerals, other agricultural commodities and lumber and products.

Trade between the East Coast United States and Asia continued to dominate Canal traffic, accounting for 39.4 percent of total commercial

cargo. Cargo on this route declined, however, by 5.8 percent to 59.7 million

long tons from 63.4 million long tons in the prior year. The following tables show the principal commodity groups moving in oceangoing commercial vessels in 1989 and a comparison of the major trade

routes in 1989 and 1988.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

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10 CANAL TRAFFIC

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12 CANAL OPERATIONS

workmen prepare the foundation for a new towing locomotive turntable at the north end of

the Cialun Locks center wall. This is part of an ongoing project to replace towing locomotive

turntables at all locks to allow earlier attachment of locomotive wires to transiting vessels for improved control during lockages.
Chapter II

CANAL OPERATIONS

Canal operations are comprised of Transit Operations and Maintenance

and Related Canal Projects. The various functions are divided among a number of operating bureaus within the Canal agency. TRANSIT OPERATIONS

Daily average transits by oceangoing vessels averaged 33.1 per day during

fiscal year 1989. Average time in Canal waters decreased from 21.9 hours in

fiscal year 1988 to 17.4 hours in fiscal year 1989.

Percent Penenl

Vessels of total Vessels of total of 600-fooi oceangoing of 80-fool oceangoing

Fiscal year length and over transits beam and over transits 1989 3,913 32.4 5,734 47.5 1988 4,047 32.9 6,027 48.9 1987 4,005 32.5 5,902 48.0 1986 4,131 34.4 5,898 49.1 1985 3,862 33.1 5,514 47.3 1984 3,865 33.9 5,496 48.3 1983 4,157 35.1 5.869 49.5 1982 5,534 39.1 7,226 51.1 1981 4,855 34.7 6,364 45.5 1980 4,598 33.8 6,089 44.7 The number of vessels transiting at more than 36-foot draft decreased 3.9 percent: 1,698 vessels during FY 1989 compared to 1,766 during fiscal year

1988. The maximum allowable draft remained at 39 feet 6 inches during the

entire fiscal year. Total jobs performed by Commission tugs decreased from 38,736 in fiscal year 1988 to 38,579 in fiscal year 1989.

Fiscal year

I 1988 1989 I Oceangoing transits 1 2,3 1

1 2,075 Tug jobs: Balboa 26,854 25,759

Cristobal 1 1,882 12,820 Tug operating hours 60,289 61,601

13
14 CANAL OPERATIONS
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION J5 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS

Maintenance and improvements to the Canal continued to progress smoothly throughout the year. The various divisions and units of the Engineermg and Construction Bureau are generally responsible for the

overall physical mamtenance and improvement of the waterway The Marme Bureau operates and maintains the locks and related facilities The

use of alternative procurement sources in support of these programs contmued to be necessary because of procurement inconveniences stemming

from the ongoing political crisis in Panama.

Channel Improvements: Routine maintenance dredging, as well as channel widening at the Pacific entrance, proceeded as scheduled. A major

project to widen Bohio Curve was completed, culminating a series of

projects to widen critical points in the Gatun Lake ship channel resulting in improved visibility and greater navigational safety. Statistics on the volume

of material dredged appears in Table 14 of this report.

Locks: Miter gates 68 and 69 were rehabilitated in conjunction with the overhaul at Pedro Miguel Locks. Work was performed on exposed

underwater machinery, topside machinery and rehabilitation of 500 feet of

conductor slot. Repair work on miter gate 64 is underway at the Mount

Hope repair facility. Installation of an improved locks fire protection system is on schedule and

should be completed in FY 1990. The system provides for fire monitors

capable of dispensing water and foam at strategic locks locations. A new locomotive turntable was installed at the north end of Gatun

Locks. A similar project is underway at the north end of Miraflores Locks

and should be completed by mid-FY 1990. A long term program to rehabilitate approximately 50,000 feet of the locomotive tow track's waterside rail was accomplished, as well as critical sections of landside rail, rack sections and conductor slot. Remaining tow

track work should be completed by the end of FY 1990. A new locks wall fendering system, utilizing state-of-the-art high strength wider load distribution fendering is being installed at all locks. The new

fenders are more durable and resistant to abrasion and deterioration.

High voltage striker ballasts were installed in the high mast lighting system

at all locks to virtually eliminate a lapse in restarting lights following power

outages. Also, 98 percent of all power cables under 600 volts and 95 percent

ol all control cables at Gatun Locks were replaced, and 75 percent of the PCB transformers at Miraflores Locks were replaced with cast coil transformers.

New digital telephone switches were installed at Pedro Miguel and

Miraflores Locks, permitting touch-tone capability. Similar switches will be

installed at Gatun Locks in FY 1990. Dams and Spillways: Generator No. 1 at Gatun Hydroelectric Station was

overhauled. Maintenance and repair of Madden Dam sluice gates were also performed. Four new replacement power transformers were installed at the Madden Dam substation.
15 CANAL OPERATIONS

Floating Equipment Maintenance: Significant marine-related maintenance work included scheduled major overhauls of the tugs Burgess,

Chame. Mehaffev. and Morrow and Barge No. 83 1 ; interim overhauls of the

tugs Chagres. Esperanza. and Paz: repair work on the tugs Aryiistad, Alianza

and Guia, and main engine work on the tugs Rousseau and Rodman.

Overhaul of the tug Parfitt and repairs to the tug Mehaffev were underway at year end.

Acquisitions/ Contracts: Major acquisitions in support of Canal

operations consisted of the delivery of the new dredge tender GAMBOA;

four aluminum twin-screw pilot/ linehandler launches; two high speed, 40- passenger launches; and a radial arm drill press for the Industrial Division.

Two new tractor tugs are under construction in the United States and should

be delivered in the second quarter of FY 1990. Contracts were awarded for the partial replacement of the 44 KV

transmission lines, relocation of the Pacific side launch linehandler facilities, improvement to the Rodman Fire Station, replacement of the craneboat and

tug landings at Gamboa, construction of a radar surveillance facility at the Atlantic entrance, construction of fire stations at the west side of Miraflores

and Pedro Miguel Locks, and improvements to the Paraiso landing.

18 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

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Chapter III

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

Supporting operations of the Panama Canal Commission provided

essential support services to the operation and maintenance of the waterway

and the Agency's facilities, as well as to other U.S. agencies on the Isthmus

and to employees and their dependents. These operations included logistical

services, community services, sanitation and grounds management,

transportation services, public utiHties, fire protection. Canal protection,

health and safety and other employee services. LOGISTICAL SERVICES

The Logistical Support Division provided centralized procurement,

inventory management, warehousing, distribution, contract administration,

and supply and property disposal support to Canal operations. A total of

$69.0 million in goods and services were procured in fiscal year 1989,

including $23.4 million from sources in Panama. This reflects $9.5 million

for Bunker "C" fuel oil for thermoelectric power generation purchased from

Refineria Panama, S. A. and $2. 1 million for light diesel fuel purchased from

Esso Standard Oil. Major contracting obligations included $4.2 million for an optional tractor tugboat, $ 1 .6 million for pilot/ linehandler launches, $ 1 .0 million for high-speed passenger boats, $781,470 for crew boats, $108,190

for a survey boat, $564,800 for a submerged line barge, $348,800 for a fuel barge, $1 14,800 for buoys, $471,500 for spillway stony gates, $790,960 for towing locomotive windlass parts, $328,100 for circuit breaker conversion,

$113,000 for electronic positioning system, $2.9 million for catastrophic

insurance, and $2.7 million for vehicles. Approximately $16.8 million in Commission inventory items were issued

for Commission use, and $18.8 million was obligated for new inventory

purchases during the year. A total inventory of 39,510 line items with an

average cost value of $31.8 million was on hand at year end.

Activities of the Excess Disposal Unit included no-cost transfers to other

U.S. Government agencies of excess equipment having an original

acquisition value of approximately $1.1 million, while surplus property sold

to the Government of Panama at current fair market value amounted to approximately $9,215.

19
20 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

The New Orleans Branch in Louisiana expedited urgent purchases and

coordinated all Commission cargo shipments from the United States to Panama. Under the coverage of the Military Sealift Command's contract,

16.993 measurement tons of containerized and breakbulk cargo were

shipped to Las Minas. An additional 4,629 measurement tons of general

cargo and vehicles were shipped under commercial contract with an ocean

freight shipper from New Orleans to the Republic of Panama.

COMMUNITY SERVICES

During Fiscal Year 1989, the Community Services Division managed

employee housing. Commission-owned buildings, a technical resource

center and the employee fitness program for the agency. The housing portion of the operation dedicated its resources to managing,

maintaining, repairing, performing preventive maintenance and bringing up

to standards the safety and security aspects of the quarters inventory, and

assisting residents with physical security inspections and supporting

neighborhood crime watch programs. As part of the implementation of the multiyear housing management plan, the division identified Diablo and

Margarita as housing areas for future transfer to the Government of

Panama. Asa result of the Presidential mandate to move U.S citizens off the economy, the division entered into an interservice agreement with the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), whereby 70 Department of Defense

Dependents' Schools (DODDS) employees occupied Commission housing

units. At the end of the fiscal year, the agency retained the use of 1,545

housing units for its United States citizen and other eligible employees. This

represents only 35% of the inventory of approximately 4,300 units owned by

the Panama Canal Company immediately prior to entry into force of the Panama Canal Treaty in 1979, indicating that a total of 65% of those units have been transferred in use to Panama in 10 years since Treaty

implementation. No houses were transferred in FY 1989. The buildings management activity is responsible for the maintenance and

operation of Commission buildings and structures (not specifically assigned

to other Commission units) and for a centralized custodial service. As an

ongoing project, this unit continued to modify facilities to comply with

OSH A standards for handicapped personnel and increased physical security

to all buildings. No buildings were transferred to the Government of

Panama during the year. The technical resources center provided mission-support information and

research to all units of the Commission and other U.S. agencies and

maintained a collection of library and three-dimensional materials relating

to the history and operation of the Panama Canal. This unit supported the professional development of the pilot understudies, apprentices, clerical trainees and other employees through workshops and publications. It participated in the preparation of materials, events and other activities related to the celebration of the 75th Anniversary of the Panama Canal.

Online access to computer data banks in the United States expanded its reference and acquisition services during the year.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 21

The division also administered a variety of duty-related as well as off-duty

fitness programs and facilities for Commission employees and their dependents. It continued training other Commission units in rescue, water

safety, advanced lifesaving, drown-proofing, survival floating and water

safety and it was responsible for certifying swimming proficiency of job

applicants and employees. It also organized a number of special events commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Panama Canal. The Employee

Fitness Program, in combination with the agency's occupational health

program, was one of seven runners-up selected out of 80 nominations

submitted for the 1989 U.S. Office of Personnel Management Director's

Awards for Outstanding Health/ Fitness Programs in the Federal

Government.

SANITATION AND GROUNDS

Approximately 2,900 acres of improved grounds and turf within

residential areas, and around Commission buildings, the locks and other

industrial facilities were maintained. Field crews cleared vegetation along

utility line rights-of-way, saddle dams, drainage systems, and around aids- to-navigation towers and targets. A grass cutting contract awarded during

FY 1989 to maintain a 50-acre segment of the grounds within Diablo Heights was overseen by this division in addition to the regular monitoring of

garbage and refuse collection. This latter function became a significant task

for this activity in FY 1989 as the Government of Panama continued its unsatisfactory once a week garbage collection service in Canal operating and

housing areas. Nine years ago, DIMA, an agency of the Government of

Panama, assumed the responsibility for refuse collection in the Canal area.

In September 1988, they reduced the frequency of refuse collection from

three times per week to once per week due to lack of funds following the U.S. Government's withholding of public service payments to Panama. However,

the effects of this reduced schedule of refuse collection at Commission

facilities and employee residences were alleviated to some extent by issuing

additional refuse containers, spraying insecticides for fly control, and

through the routine distribution to residents of free large plastic bags for garbage. Notwithstanding Commission efforts to minimize litter, objectionable odors and house flies, refuse collection slipped below

reasonable standards for tropical areas with a notable effect on the environment and community morale.

Surveillance and control of mosquito vectors, public health pests, and

vermin were carried out with special emphasis on clearing existing drainage

networks and the elimination of old tires and other artificial containers

which might provide breeding sites for Aedes aegypti. This vector of dengue

and yellow fever which reinfested Panama City in 1985, continued to spread

to many of the towns and cities in the interior provinces. Increased

surveillance revealed several breeding foci in transferred housing areas, but we have been successful so far in keeping this infestation from invading any

Panama Canal housing and operating areas. In addition to the above

activities, some 1,600 service calls were handled by Sanitation Branch

environmental health technicians, which included complaints about pest
22 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies, ticks and fleas, bats, rodents, venomous

snakes and other public health pests. These technicians also monitored food

ser\ ice establishments, drinking water quality, and the general sanitation of

swimming pools, employee rest rooms, and barber and beauty shops. Over

150 cockroach control applications were made aboard Commission

launches, towboats, and dredges. Sixty Locks Division towing locomotives were similarly treated. Two Atlantic and Pacific sanitary landfills handled some 67,400 tons of

solid wastes in FY 1989, an increase of 6 per cent compared to last year. However, the safety, security, and efficiency of refuse disposal operations were compromised by large numbers (over 100 in one instance) of aggressive

human scavengers, especially at our Pacific site. Their trespassing and

uncontrolled salvaging of outdated food and other materials greatly

interfered with the orderly operation of the landfill and represented a hazard

to Commission employees working the sites. The first human death within the Canal operating area due to stinging by

Africanized honeybees occurred in February when a DODDS teacher

drowned while attempting to swim to shore following an Africanized bee

attack on his small boat in Gatun Lake. Although badly stung, two survivors were able to make it to shore and later received emergency treatment. Over

the past eight years, our entomologists have continuously monitored and

gathered data on all Africanized bee swarms and nests controlled by

Commission bee teams. Analysis of this data shows that Africanized

honeybee populations have declined about 50% from levels seen during 1983

through 1985 and have now reached a level of stability. Numbers of control

operations were slightly lower in FY 1989, with 127 bee colonies destroyed

by Commission bee control teams as compared to 1 50 controlled in FY 1988. Three Africanized bee swarms were removed from transiting ships in FY

1989, the same number of shipboard swarms controlled in FY 1988.
Chapter IV

ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL

FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL

At the end of fiscal year 1989, the total Isthmian force of the Commission

was 8,577 compared to 8,522 employees in fiscal year 1988. Of the total Isthmian force, 7,584 were permanent and 993 temporary. Of the permant

Isthmian work force, 6,513 (85.9%) were Panamanians, 975 (12.8%) were

U.S. citizens and 96 (1.3%) were third country nationals. Eighteen persons,

all U.S. citizens, were employed by the Commission in New Orleans and

Washington, D.C.

The total Commission payroll was $200.5 million in fiscal year 1989

compared to $202 million in fiscal year 1988. Of the total Commission fiscal year 1989 payroll, $143.6 million was paid to nonU.S. citizen employees and

$56.9 million to U.S. citizen employees.

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM

The Panama Canal Commission's Multi-Year Affirmative Employment

Plan for Minorities and Women for FY 1988-1992, the Agency's FY 1988

Report of Accomplishment, and the FY 1989 Affirmative Action Program

Plan for the hiring, placement, and advancement of people with disabilities were approved by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Formal EEO complaints reflected a decrease from the previous fiscal year by 50 percent. Three workshops on the prevention of sexual harassment

were conducted this year. National Disability Employment Awareness

Month, Black History Month, National Hispanic Heritage Month, and

Women's Week were commemorated. Educational activities included

blocks of EEO training which were provided to approximately 60 employees

and supervisors. Panamanian Preference Program monitoring reflected increasing participation of Panamanian nationals at all levels. The

composition of the work force by sex, minority group and citizenship for FY

1989 is reflected below:

23
24 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

Sex Male 87.7%

Female 12.3%

Minority Group

Hispanics Blacks Hhiies Orienials Imlians 64.3% 23.2% 10.6% 1.5% 0.4% PUBLIC AFFAIRS

The Office of Public Affairs is responsible for handling all public affairs,

guide services and informational activities of the Panama Canal

Commission, both locally and internationally. In this connection, through

the Commission publication The Panama Canal Spillway, local press

releases, \ideo tapes, films and exhibits, matters of related interest were

disseminated to the work force and the public at large. The Graphic Branch

assisted in the accomplishment of this task by providing a broad range of

photographic and audio-visual support services. The workload of the Office of Public Affairs remained heavy throughout

the year due to multiple media requirements associated with the escalating

political events in Panama; a variety of preparations for the celebration of

the 75th anniversary of the Panama Canal and the 10th anniversary of the Panama Canal Commission; and, interest in the scheduled change of

administrators on January 1 , 1990. These events generated frequent visits to the Canal by international media representatives who were interested in developing their assessment of the impact of such events on the Panama

Canal and future operations.

The guide service handled a total of 284,142 visitors at the Canal and

conducted 663 VIP tours. Visitors included representatives of major news

services, accompanied by photographers and film crews; officials from

various sectors of the shipping industry and shipping related publications;

and government and business officials from around the world.

OMBUDSMAN

The Office of the Ombudsman was established pursuant to implementing

legislation of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The office responds to employees and dependents' complaints, grievances, and requests for information; and channels many issues to the proper authorities for processing under existing statutes or administrative regulations. Generally,

the Office of the Ombudsman investigates administrative problems,

inefficiencies, omissions and policy conflicts existing within the Panama

Canal Commission and other U.S. Government agencies on the Isthmus of

Panama resulting from the treaty. The office provides the widest latitude possible for handling problems affecting employee morale and the quality of

life.The Office of the Ombudsman experienced a heavy workload during fiscal year 1989 as a result of the continued political unrest in Panama. A hotline

continues to be operated by the office on a daily basis as a means to receive complaints from employees and dependents and to provide up-to-date

information on current conditions. Many of the calls received by the office
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 25

continue to accentuate the serious deterioration in the quaHty of life and

services, concerns for personal and community safety, and the escalating

incidents of harassment by local law enforcement personnel from the regime

of General Manuel Antonio Noriega. The office maintains close contact with officers of the three Residents' Advisory Committees as a means to assure close communication between the Commission and these community

groups on matters of concern to residents in Commission housing areas. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

The continued deleterious effects of the intensified political turbulence

virtually dominated union concerns throughout the period. Although

overshadowed to a great extent by these issues, labor-management relations included some of the more traditional activities characteristic of the federal

sector. A new agreement with the marine engineers became effective on

April 17 for the term of five years. Also, a one-year extension of the fire fighter agreement and a three-year renewal of the non-professional

bargaining unit agreement became effective on April 7 and September 16, respectively.

GENERAL COUNSEL

On December 23, 1985, the President signed into law the Panama Canal

Amendments Act, Public Law 99-209, which authorized the Commission to

settle all vessel-accident claims, regardless of the amount and irrespective of

the situs of the accident. Prior to the enactment of this act, the Commission

was precluded from considering claims of more than $120,000 for out-of- locks accidents. At the time of the passage of the Panama Canal

Amendments Act, 30 out-of-locks vessel-accident claims had been filed and

were pending with either the United States Congress or the Commission.

Since the enactment of the Amendments Act, the Commission has steadily

reduced this backlog of vessel-accident claims. By the end of fiscal year 1989,

29 of these claims had been settled, and $16,349,572 (out of a total of

$24,002,715 claimed) had been paid to the aggrieved shipowners.

The Amendments Act also permitted dissatisfied claimants to sue the Commission for out-of-locks vessel-accident damage. Two such lawsuits were filed before the passage of the Amendments Act and an additional eight

have been filed since its enactment. By September 30, 1989, one case had

been dismissed by the court, and 9 suits had been settled for payments

totaling $3,182,803. There are no lawsuits currently pending resolution. The principal area of settlement in the Office of General Counsel was in the area of marine accidents where 35 claims for vessel damage, totaling

$3,405,287, were settled in the amount of $2,041,524.

On a matter of significant importance to the Canal agency, the United

States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, located in New Orleans,

Louisiana, ruled that the Commission, as a non-commercial enterprise, was

not liable to pay prejudgment and postjudgment interest on a vessel claim in which it had been found liable. The previous ruling in a lower court was against the Commission,

awarding interest on damages, but was reversed by the Court of Appeals.
26 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

The precedent-setting case will save the Commission millions of dollars over

the next ten years. MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

The Motor Transportation Division operated and maintained a consolidated motor pool of 944 vehicles designed to meet the vehicular

transportation requirements of the Commission. The vehicle fleet in fiscal vear 1989 included 655 trucks of various types, 205 passenger-carrying

vehicles. 42 special-purpose vehicles and 42 special equipment. Vehicle

mileage increased slightly from 7,317,387 in FY 1988 to 7,433,137 in FY

1989. Fully equipped shops, including a tire retreading facility and heavy

duty repair shops, provided facilities for overhauls, maintenance and repairs

to the Motor Transportation Division fleet and equipment of other

Commission units. The vehicle inspection facilities located within the Motor

Transportation Division, also were used by U.S. Army personnel, under

agreement with the Government of Panama to conduct inspections of

privately-owned vehicles and by the Motor Transportation Division to perform Commission vehicle inspections.

PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY

Panama Canal Commission facilities include electric power generation

and distribution systems, communication systems, water purification and

distribution systems, and a central chilled water air conditioning system for

certain public buildings.

Total Canal area energy demand during fiscal year 1989 was 524 gigawatt

hours, a 0.2 percent decrease from the 525 gigawatts used last year. The peak

hourly demand of 83.6 megawatts reached on March 6, 1989, shows a slight

decrease from the 84 megawatt peak reached in fiscal year 1988. Electrical power consumption for Commission operations only was 78.7 gigawatt

hours, 1 .6 percent below the previous year. Gasoline and petroleum distillate fuels consumed by the Commission during FY 1989 (excluding fuel for power generation), totaled 5.1 million gallons, 11.1 percent higher than in FY 1988. Combined fuel and electrical energy consumption by the Commission, calculated in Btu's, also showed an overall increase, 3.6 percent, in comparison with FY 1988. The water treatment and distribution systems operated by the Commission provide potable water for the Canal area and areas of the Republic of Panama. The Pacific side system serves the Canal area, portions

of Panama City, and suburban areas. During fiscal year 1989, the two

systems supplied 3.38 billion cubic feet of potable water to consumers, a

slight increase of about 0.60 percent from the previous year. Water supplied

by the Panama Canal Commission to Panama City and Colon metropolitan

areas amounted to approximately 57.0 million gallons per day.

FIRE PROTECTION

The Panama Canal Commission Fire Division and the Bomberos of the Republic of Panama, in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, are responsible for providing fire protection, firefighting, and rescue
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 27

operation in canal operating areas, defense sites, civilian and military areas of coordination and shipboard firefighting on all vessels in Canal area

waters. Commission responses for FY 1989 totaled 7,91 1 compared to 6,497 for FY 1988. The marine stand-by program for hazardous ships at the locks

accounted for slightly more than 26 percent of the responses this year. This

service is provided by Fire Division personnel with foam apparatuses on

stand-by at the locks as a marine safety measure for certain vessels designated by the Marine Bureau because of dangers of certain cargos. The

critical period is considered to be when a vessel is entering the locks. There were 1,784 responses for ambulance service compared to 1,745 in FY 1988. This division also responded to a total of 10 1 bomb threats during

FY 1989 as compared to 42 in FY 1988. Excluding ship fires, there were 526

fires this year, nearly a 19 percent reduction over FY 1988. Most incidents were grass and brush fires, which frequently occurred during the vulnerable

dry season. Additional fire statistics appear in Table 16 of this report.

In accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, formal joint

training was conducted on 10 occasions with the Bomberos of the Republic

of Panama as compared to 5 for last year. This figure is in addition to regularly occurring joint responses to fires and other emergencies.

CANAL PROTECTION

The Canal Protection Division has the mission of providing security for

installations and facilities devoted to the management, operation and

maintenance of the Panama Canal. During the year, security hardware

improvements continued at the most critical installations and support

facilities. Due to the ongoing political crisis, special emphasis was placed on

personal protection and agency security awareness programs. Close

coordination was provided with U.S. Military Forces in support of training

exercises and contingency operations at Commission installations. Following a security consultant study, implementation is underway of

pertinent study recommendations. Foremost is the installation of a Security

Control Center to centralize monitoring of all Commission security systems.

This center will also vastly improve communications, command and control

functions for Canal Protection.

HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Occupational Health and Safety Divisions are components of the

Office of Personnel Administration. The Personnel Director is the Designated Agency Safety and Health Official. The Panama Canal

Commission is committed to ensuring a safe and healthful workplace for its employees, an objective which enjoys support from top management down.

During fiscal year 1989, the Commission experienced 486 performanceof-duty accidents/ illnesses for which employees required medical attention

beyond first aid, as compared to 497 such accidents/ illnesses in fiscal year

1988. The incident rate declined slightly, from 5.8 per 100 employees in fiscal
M ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

year 1988 to 5.7 in fiscal year 1989. There were two fatalities in fiscal year

1989 due to a vehicle accident.

The health and safety of the Commission workplace were advanced

during fiscal year 1 989 through continued training; alcohol and drug testing;

counseling services; formal workplace inspections and evaluations; a health

fair; upgraded in-service health evaluations for employees in safety-sensitive

positions; and program publicity. A Hazard Communication Policy was

implemented, a Dive Safety Policy and a Safe Diving Practices Manual were

issued, and an AIDS policy was developed. Clinics were held on handling

stress and smoking cessation. The certified Safety and Health Committee

continued its active role in the safety and health program.
Chapter V

FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1989

The financial statements of the Panama Canal Commission, appearing as Tables 1 through 6, with accompanying notes, present the financial position

of the Commission at September 30, 1989, and the results of its operations

for the fiscal year then ended.

Effective January 1, 1988, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of

1987, Public Law 100-203, converted the Panama Canal Commission from

an appropriated fund agency to a revolving fund agency. In accordance with

this legislation, the Panama Canal Commission fund was terminated and its unappropriated balance plus all unexpended balances of appropriations still available to the Commission were transferred to a newly established fund

entitled the Panama Canal Revolving Fund.

The accounts and statements of the Panama Canal Commission have been

examined by the Office of Inspector General of the Commission and are

subject to examination by the United States General Accounting Office. Detailed audit reports of the United States General Accounting Office are

directed to the Congress and are presented as Congressional documents.

Summary information concerning the operating results and capital

expenditures follows:RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal year 1989 operations resulted in a net loss of $7.3 million. This

amount plus the $2.4 million loss from fiscal years 1988 and 1987 operations

will be recovered from subsequent revenues as required by section 1341(b)(2)

of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-70).

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Accrued capital expenditures for fiscal year 1989 amounted to $39.6

million. The principal expenditures were $6.4 million for the purchase of two

tugboats, $3.4 million for the installation of a fire protection system at Miraflores Locks, $2.7 milHon for the purchase of a dredge tender, $2.5

29
3» FINANCIAL REPORT

million for the replacement of locomotive turntables, $1.9 million for the replacement of motor vehicles, $1.3 million for the purchase of two water

bus type launches, $1.1 million for the purchase of two pilot/ linehandler

launches. $0.9 million for continued replacement of the Commission's

telephone system, and $0.8 million for cast coil transformers.

32 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 1.— Statement of Financial Position

Assets /W9 I98fl PROPERTY. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

At cost ( Note I c) $969,630,333 $936. 1 1 1 .054 Less accumulated depreciation and valuation allowances (Notes le and 2) 484.884.187 464.872,854

484,746,146 471,238,200

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash:

U.S. Treasury account 93,226.977 1 38.872.443 Cash in commercial banks and on hand 6.077,070 5,800,906

Postal, other trust funds and cash in transit 2.537,751 2.442,789

101,841.798 147.116.138

Accounts receivable H.371.717 14.894.155

Inventories, less allowance for obsolete and excess inventory of $400,000 each year (Note Ig) 37.723.209 36.928.949

Other current assets 379.561 382.019

151.316.285 199.321.261

OTHER ASSETS:

Deferred charges: Cost of early retirement benefits ( Note I h) 151 .440.000 1 66.584.000 Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes Im and 5) 78.871.578 79,126.504 Retirement benefits to certain former employees of predecessor agencies (Note I h) . . .

6. 186,000 6,746.000 Other 492,149

236.989.727 252.456.504

Unrecovered costs due from subsequent revenues (Notes I b and 4) 9.728.161 2.408.665

246.717.888 254.865.169 lOIAI ASSETS $882.780.319 $925.424.630

The accompanying notes arc an integral pari of this sialcmcnt.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

September 30, 1989 and 1988

33

Capital and Liabilities 1989 1988 CAPITAL:

Investment of the United States Government:

interest-bearing (10.2 19% and 10.379%, respectively) (Note 6) $147,893,234 $102,773,553

Non-interest-bearing 325,398,450 371,024.286

473,291,684 473,797,839 CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Accounts payable:

U.S. Government agencies Government of Panama

Other

Accrued liabilities: Employees' leave

Salaries and wages

Cost of early retirement benefits (Note Ih) Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes Im and 5) Retirement benefits to certain former employees

of predecessor agencies (Note Ih) Employees' repatriation Marine accident claims Other

Other current liabilities: Advances for capital-unexpended (Note Id) . . .

Other

4,245,938

8,475,439 34,802,392 47,523,769

44,033,669

7,139,405

15,144,000

7,033,467

844,000

687,000

13,822,471

1,923,101 94,626,378 90,627,113

4.146,044

8,062,973

12,420,588 24,629,605

46,058,824

8,086,607

15,144,000

6,536,705

790,000 857,000

15,387,115

1,766,127

10,336,538

1,697,007 12,033,545

14,332,082

1,889,140 16,221,222

131,289,528 154,372,104 DEFERRED CREDIT:

Advances for capital being amortized

(Notes Id) 46,898,321 40,941,046 LONG-TERM LIABILITIES AND RESERVES:

Cost of early retirement benefits ( Note 1 h) 1 36,296,000 1 5 1 ,440,000 Cost of work injuries compensation benefits (Notes Im and 5) 72,334,873 72,093,037 Retirement benefits to certain former employees

of predecessor agencies (Note 1 h) 5,396,000 5,902,000 Employees' repatriation 6,875,000 6,053,000 Lock overhauls (Note li) 371,865 21 1,633 Marine accidents (Notes Ij and 7) 7,000,000 17,683,380 Casualty losses (Note Ij) 993,865 941,882

Floating equipment overhaul (Note Ik) 2,033,183 1.988,709

231,300,786 256,313,641 TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES $882,780,319 $925,424,630

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
34 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 2. —Statement of Operations

Fiscal Years Ended September 30. 1989 and 1988

OPFRATING REVENUES: /J-s^ im

Tolls revenue $329,765,627 $339,319,326 Other revenues 106,034.363 1 10.089.660

Total operating revenues 435.799.990 449.408.986 OPERATING EXPENSES:

Pavments to the Government of Panama:

Public services 10.000.000 10.000.000 Fi\ed annuity 10.000.000 10.000.000 Tonnage . . .' 59.819.225 59.635.398

79.819,225 79.635.398

Maintenance of channels and harbors 36.506,857 42,258,524 Navigation service and control 79,796,645 77,384,665 Locks operation 48.988.652 47.709,75

General repair, engineering and maintenance

services 22.004.849 25.071.192 Supply and logistics 20.488.618 21.030.820

Utilities 30.016.5 19 3 1.895.242 Housing operations 5.418.893 5.553.796 General and administrative 76.587.612 73.107.100

Interest on interest-bearing investment (Note 6) 13.878.234 11,250.757 Other 29.613.382 36,329,982

Total operating expenses 443,1 19,486 451,227,227 NET OPERATING REVENUE (LOSS) (Notes lb and 4) $(7.319.496) $(1.818,241)

The accompanying notes are an integral part ot this statement.

36 FINANCIAL REPORT

rn^.

r-'
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 37 — o r^ O vO
38 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 4.— Statement of Cash Flows

INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH

Cash Flows trom Operating Activities: ivsv ivmh Cash receised: Tolls $329,765,627 $339,319,326 Other collections 1 09,934,767 1 20,0 1 1 ,727 Decrease (increase) in receivables 1.687,880 (3,057,444) Total cash received $441.388.274 $456.273.609

Cash disbursed: Operating expenditures (429.739.182) (463,389.231)

(Increase) decrease in inventories (794.260) (1.789.780)

( Decrease) increase in liabilities (20.964.032 ) 59.367.762

Total cash disbursed (451.497.474 ) (405.811.249) Net cash from operations (10.109.200 ) 50.462.360

Other adjustments: Cash from Panama Canal Commission Fund 289,663,021 Restoration of funds previously withdrawn 105.231 Operating revenues deposited into Panama Canal Commission Fund (112.765.084) Net operating cash received from Treasury.. 177.003.168

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (10.109.200 ) 227.465.528

Cash Flows from Extraordinary Activities: Payment of interest on net direct investment (Note 9) (61.653.129) Repayment of 1980 appropriation (Note 9) (85.582.579)

Net cash provided by (used in) extraordinary activities . . . ( 147.235.708)

Cash Flows from Capital Activities: Capital expenditures (39.584,85 1

(27.069,345)

Increase/ (Decrease) in liabilities 4,324,748 (231.190)

Net cash provided by/ (used in) capital activities (35,260.103 ) (27,300,535)

Cash Flows from Postal and Trust funds:

Postal funds (5,279) (6,630) Trust funds 100,242 12,048

Net cash provided by/(used in) postal and trust fund

activities 94.963 5,418

Net (decrease)' increase in cash (45,274,340) 52,934,703

Cash, begmnmg of year 147,116,138 94.181.435

Cash, end of year $101,841.798 $147,116,138

(Note 8)

The accompanying notes are an integral pan of this statcmcnl.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 39

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1989 and 1988

RECONCILIATION OK NET REVENUE (LOSS) TO NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net Revenue (loss) $(7,319,496 ) $(1,818,241)

Adjustments to reconcile net revenue (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Adjustments not requiring outlay of cash:

Depreciation 22,963,0 18 21 ,352,682 Provision for lock overhauls 6,353,000 4,387,000

Provision for casualty losses (5,642,936) 2,901,952 Provision for floating equipment overhauls 4,934,000 4,019,000 Advances for capital (Note 8) 4,451,618 8,474,087 Other (Note 8) 720.370 (29,829760)

Total adjustments not requiring outlay of cash 33.779,070 1 1.304,961

Adjustments requiring outlay of cash: Lock overhauls expenditures (6,192,767) (5,699,523) Casualty losses expenditures (4.988,460) (5,67 1

, 1 66) Floating equipment overhauls expenditures (4,889,526 ) (3,678.624) Total adjustments requiring outlay of cash .

(16.070.753 ) (15.049.313)

Other adjustments: Cash from Panama Canal Commission Fund 289.663.021 Restoration of funds previously withdrawn 105.231 Operating revenues deposited into Panama Canal Commission Fund (1 12,765,084) Total other adjustments 177,003,168

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Decrease/(increase) in receivables 1,687,880 (3,057,444) (Increase)/decrease in inventories (794,260) (1.789,780) (lncrease)/decrease in other assets (Note 8) (427,609) 1,504,415 (Decrease)/ increase in liabilities (Note 8) (20,964,032 ) 59,367,762 Total changes in operating assets and

liabilities (20,498,021 ) 56,024,953

Total adjustments (2,789,704 ) 229.283.769

Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities $(10.109.200) $227.465,528

(Note 8)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 5.— Statement of

Fiscal Years Ended

SOURCE OF APPROPRIATIONS:

Operating funds:

Current year operating appropriation

Appropriation Public Law 99-195

(indetinite-funded interest)

Restoration of funds previously withdrawn

Obligated operating funds brought forward:

Fiscal year 1980

Fiscal years— Merged

Fiscal year 1986

Fiscal year 1987

Capital funds:

Current year capital appropriation (no year)

Obligated capital funds brought forward:

Fiscal vear 1980

Fiscal years 1981 through 1987

Unobligated capital funds brought forward

(no year):

Fiscal year 1980

Fiscal years 1981 through 1987

Emergency fund (no year)

lOlAl SOURCE OE APPROPRIATIONS

$407,088,000

13,500,000 420,588,000

105,231

311,229

4,006,116

5,695,374 45,645.319

55,658,038

476.351,269

33,715,000

12,070 23,766,934 23,779,004

8,257 2,298.765

2.307.022

59.801.026

10.000.000

$546.152.295

(Note 10)

The accompanying notes arc an integral pari ot this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 41

Status of Appropriations

September 30, 1989 and 1988

APPLICATION OF APPROPRIATIONS: I9S9 If. Appropriations available $ $546 152 295

Less appropriate expenditures — 1st Quarter: Expenditures from operating appropriations:

Fiscal year 1980

Fiscal years— Merged (496,584)

Fiscal year 1986 447 217

Fiscal year 1987 '.'.'.'.'.'. 32,653J00

Fiscal year 1988 76,790,735

109,394,668~

Expenditures from capital appropriations:

Fiscal year 1 980 1 2,506

Fiscal years 1981 through 1988 5,727'559

5,740,065

115.134,733

Less funds transferred to the revolving fund: From Operations:

Fiscal year 1 980 311 229

Fiscal year 1980 restored 105,23

Fiscal years —Merged 4,502^700

Fiscal year 1 986 5'248, 1 57

Fiscal year 1987 12!992!oi9

Fiscal year 1 988 1 79*

1 57'285 Emergency fund lo!oOO,'oOO 212,316,621 From Capital:

Fiscal year 1980 7 82|

Fiscal years 1981 and 1988 54,053' 140 54,060,961"

266,377,582

Less funds returned to the U.S. Treasury 164,639,980 BALANCE OF APPROPRIATIONS $ «

(Note 10) The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
42 FINANCIAL REPORT — O — ^ O '^ o

__ O — rJ-r-fN

— 5 5;: iW r-im cm' r^, r—

.-5. vOaC>OCfNr>-.

b«» >/^ rn vn 3C (N • ao
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 43 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. A summary of significant accounting policies follows:

a. Accounting and reporting. As required by section 1311(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-70), hereafter referred to as the Act, the accounts of the Commission are maintained pursuant to the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950. This requires that the principles,

standards and related requirements be met, as prescribed by the Comptroller

General of the United States, after consulting with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget

concerning their accounting, financial reporting and budgetary needs. The

Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 also requires that the accounts be

maintained on an accrual basis.

h. Cost recovery. As required by section 1341(e)(1) of the Act, the

application of generally accepted accounting principles to the Panama

Canal Commission, a United States Government agency comparable to a rate-regulated public utility, determines the manner in which costs are recognized. The basis for tolls rates is prescribfed in section 1602(b) of the

Act. This section of the Act, known as the "statutory tolls formula," provides

that:

"Tolls shall be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues

to cover as nearly as practicable all costs of maintaining and

operating the Panama Canal, together with the facilities and

appurtenances related thereto, including unrecovered costs incurred on or after the effective date of this Act, interest,

depreciation, working capital, payments to the Republic of Panama

pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraph 4(a) and (b) of

Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and capital for plant replacement, expansion, and improvements. Tolls shall not be

prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues sufficient to cover payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph

4(c) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977."

Under this statutory tolls formula, any unrecovered costs are to be

recovered from subsequent revenues. The amount for recovery from

subsequent revenues is transferred from Invested Capital to an account

within the Other Assets classification. Unrecovered costs are charged back

to Invested Capital to the extent subsequent annual revenues exceed annual

costs.

c. Property, plant and equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, or if acquired from another United States Government

agency, at the value determined by the Director of the Office of Management

and Budget. Administrative and other related general expenses are
44 FINANCIAL REPORT

recoxered currently and therefore not capitalized. The cost of minor items of

propertN. plant and equipment is charged to expense as incurred.

d. Advances for capital. A portion of tolls in excess of depreciation

recoveries may be programmed annually by the Board of Directors for plant

replacement, expansion, or improvements. Such funds are considered

capital advances from Canal users. Upon utilization, these advances are amortized through an offset to depreciation expense in an amount

calculated to approximate the depreciation on assets acquired with such

advances. In fiscal years 1989 and 1988, no amounts from tolls were programmed for such purpose. At the direction of the Board of Directors, a system was implemented in

fiscal year 1983 whereby shippers, for a fee, can make an advance reservation

for a vessel transit. Such funds are considered capital advances from Canal

users and upon utilization, the advances are amortized through an offset to depreciation expense in an amount calculated to approximate the depreciation on assets acquired with such advances. This system generated

funds of $4.5 million in fiscal year 1989 and $8.5 million in fiscal year 1988.

e. Depreciation. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over

their estimated service lives at rates computed using a straight-line method

with additional annual depreciation, identified as composite, to provide for premature plant retirements.

The recurring costs of dredging the waterway are charged to expense. Non-recurring dredging costs for substantial improvements and betterments

to the waterway are considered additions to plant and are capitalized and

depreciated over their estimated service lives.

f. Accounts receivable. Uncollectible accounts receivable of the Panama Canal Commission are recognized as a reduction in revenue when

written off. Any subsequent collections of Commission accounts receivable

previously written off are recorded as revenue.

g. Inventories. Operating materials and supplies are stated at average

cost, plus cost of transportation to the ultimate destination on the Isthmus of

Panama. An allowance has been established to reflect the estimated cost of

obsolete and excess stock.

h. Retirement benefits. Employer contributions to the United States

Civil Service Retirement System, to the Federal Employee Retirement

System, and to the Republic of Panama social security system are charged to expense. The Commission has no liability for future payments to employees

under these systems.

Non-United States citi/en employees, who retired from predecessor

agencies prior to October 5, 1958, are not covered by the United States Civil Service Retirement System but do receive benefits under a separate annuity

plan. Payments made under this annuity plan are recorded as a current year

expen.se. Annual amounts expended were $1.3 million in fiscal years 1989

and 1988. The Commission's liability for future annuity payments to these former employees or their eligible widows is reflected in the statement of
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 45

financial position as retirement benefits to certain former employees of

predecessor agencies and an equal amount is recorded as a deferred charge.

As required by the Act, the Panama Canal Commission is liable for the increase in the unfunded liability of the United States Civil Service

Retirement Fund which is attributable to benefits payable from that fund to, or on behalf of, employees and their survivors under the early retirement

provisions of the Act. The annual installment to liquidate the increased

liability is determined by the Office of Personnel Management.

i. Reservefor Lock Overhauls. A reserve is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of periodic lock overhauls.

j. Reservefor Casualty Losses. A reserve is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of marine accidents and other

casualty losses.

k. Reserve for Floating Equipment Overhauls. A reserve is provided

through an annual charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of overhauls

to the Commission tugboat fleet.

1. Housing Use Rights. No monetary value is assigned to the rights

granted to the United States Government by the Republic of Panama to use Canal Area housing transferred to the Government of Panama under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The cost to manage, maintain

and provide livability improvements to these quarters is charged to expense. Rental income is included in other revenues. m. Work Injuries Compensation Benefits. The Panama Canal

Commission is liable for the cost of all benefits due under the Federal

Employees' Compensation Act which provides compensation for performance of duty injuries for eligible employees. The costs of the FECA

program are recognized over the life of the Treaty.

2. Plant Valuation Allowances.

At July 1, 1951, certain valuation allowances for property, plant and

equipment transferred from the Panama Canal (agency) to the Panama

Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government were established, to reduce to usable value the costs of the assets transferred. At October 1 , 1 979,

such valuation allowances as were applicable to the assets transferred from

the Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government to the Panama Canal Commission were carried forward and are comprised of: (a) $4. 1 million at September 30, 1989 and $4.5 million at September 30, 1988,

to reduce to usable value the cost of property, plant and equipment

transferred; (b) $50.9 million at September 30, 1989 and 1988, to offset interest costs imputed for the original Canal construction period; and (c) $42.3 million at September 30, 1989 and 1988, to offset the cost of defense

facilities and suspended construction projects, the latter being principally the partial construction of a third set of locks abandoned in the early part of

World War II. 3. Budgetary Resources.

a. Cash, accounts receivable, and the borrowing authority are the
46 FINANCIAL REPORT

resources used to determine the Commission solvency position as prescribed

in Section 86.6 Office of Management and Budget Circular A-34,

Instructions on Budget Execution, under which the incurring of obligations

in excess of budgetary resources is a violation of the Antideficiency Act. All cash exceeding current operating requirements is kept on deposit with the U.S. Treasury.

b. The Panama Canal Commission has authority to borrow funds from

the U.S. Treasury not to exceed $100 million outstanding at any time for any

of the purposes of the Commission. At September 30, 1989 and 1988 none

of these funds had been borrowed.

4. Unrecovered Costs Due From Subsequent Revenues.

Pursuant to the provisions of section 1602(b) of the Act, the net losses of

$7.3 million from fiscal year 1989 and $2.4 million from fiscal years 1988 and

1987 operations, totaling $9.7 million, were deferred as an unearned cost to be recovered from subsequent revenues. Also, section 1341(b)(2) of the Act

requires recovery of these unearned costs before determining any net operating revenues due to the Government of Panama, as provided for under Article XIII, paragraph 4(c), of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977.

5. Cost of Work Injuries Compensation.

The Commission administers a program to compensate certain employees

for death and disability resulting from performance of duty injuries or

illnesses as set forth in the Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA).

All United States citizen employees are eligible for coverage, as are nonUnited States citizen employees hired prior to October I, 1979, who elected coverage on that date. As provided by FECA, employees and certain

dependents are beneficiaries for various periods that can extend to life. The liability and deferred charge recorded in these statements reflect the payments due to a Department of Labor fund established pursuant to Public

Law 100-705. The Department of Labor will be reimbursed from this fund

for all expected future payments for accidents, adjusted for inflation and

interest earned. An evaluation as of September 30, 1989, was prepared byan

independent actuarial firm. The results of that report were used to adjust the

assets and liabilities as follows:

Million.s of Pollurs Cost of work injuries compensation benefits at .September .lO. 1988 $79.

Amount amortized in fiscal year 1989 $(7.0) Adjustments due to study: Accrued liability (0.5) Long-Term liability 7.3 Change in assets and liabilities (0.2) Cost of work injuries compensation benefits at September 30. 1989 $78.9

6. Interest-Bearing Investment of the United States Government.

Ihe interest-bearing investment of the United States Government in the Panama Canal is determined based on section 1603(a) of the Act. The
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 47

interest-bearing investment of the United States Government at September 30, 1989 and 1988, was determined as follows:

Million!, uf Dollars Investment at September 30, 1987 $64.7

Fiscal year 1988 transactions: Adjustment for interest accrued 10/1/79-12/31/85 $61.7 Disbursements 433.

Receipts (456.3) Net property transfers (0.4) Net change 38.1 Investment at September 30, 1988 $102.8

Fiscal year 1989 transactions: Disbursements 486.7

Receipts (44 1 .4) Net property transfers (0.2) Net change 45.

Investment at September 30, 1989 $147.9

7. Reserve for Marine Accidents.

A reassessment of the Reserve for Marine Accidents was made in fiscal year 1989 and based on past experience, the, Board approved a reserve balance objective of $7.0 million.

8. Statement of Cash Flows.

Fiscal year 1989 Statement of Cash Flows reflects the use of revolving

funds only. The fiscal year 1988 statement identifies as "Other adjustments"

the appropriated funds received by the Commission prior to its conversion

to a revolving fund agency on January 1, 1988. All funds received after that date were recorded as revolving funds.

In addition, certain data in the fiscal year 1988 Statement of Cash Flows was

restated for fiscal year 1989 presentation to eliminate non fund items not

pertinent to the Statement of Cash Flows thereby improving comparison

between years.

9. Extraordinary Activities. in fiscal year 1988, in addition to converting the Panama Canal

Commission to a revolving fund agency. Public Law 100-203, the Budget

Reconciliation Act of 1987, provided: (a) for restoring $61.7 million to the interest-bearing investment of the United States Government in the Panama

Canal by transferring interest collections prior to January 1, 1986 to the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury, and (b) for reimbursing to the General

Fund of the U.S. Treasury the $85.6 million unpaid balance of the Commission's fiscal year 1980 appropriation. These transactions were completed in fiscal year 1988.

10. Statement of Status of Appropriations.

This statement reflects the conversion of the Panama Canal Commission

from an appropriated fund agency to a revolving fund agency. As such, the statement identifies: (a) expenditures made by the Commission during the

first quarter operations as an appropriated fund agency, (b) funds
48 FINANCIAL REPORT

transferred to the re\ol\ing fund as of January 1, 1988, and (c) funds

returned to the U.S. Treasury, also as of January 1, 1988. This statement is not applicable for fiscal year 1989 and isshownonly to conform with the two

year statement format.

11. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.

In addition to recorded liabilities, the estimated maximum contingent

liabilitN which could result from pending claims and lawsuits was $10.1

million at September 30. 1989 and $18.6 million at September 30, 1988. In the opinion of management and the Commission's General Counsel, these pending claims and lawsuits will be resolved with no material adverse effect on the financial condition of the agency. Commitments under uncompleted construction contracts and unfilled purchase orders amounted to $38.0 million at September 30, 1989 and $42.2

million at September 30, 1988. Of these amounts, $0.1 million in unfilled purchase orders were prepaid as of September 30, 1989 and 1988. Cash and negotiable securities of a kind acceptable by the United States Government in the amount of $12.4 million were held by the United States depositories designated by the Panama Canal Commission at September 30,

1989 and $11.6 million at September 30, 1988, to guarantee payment by

third parties of their obligations.

The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, Article XIll, paragraph 4(c), provides

that an annual amount of up to $10 million per year be paid to the Government of Panama out of operating revenues to the extent that such

revenues exceed expenditures. Payment to the Government of Panama is subject to the limitations set forth in section 1341(e) of the Act. In the event operating revenues in any year do not produce a surplus sufficient to cover

this payment, the unpaid balance shall be paid from operating surpluses in future years up to the amount available from these surpluses. As of

September 30, 1989, the balancecontingently payable to the Government of

Panama amounts to $91.1 million. As of September 30, 1988, the balance

contingently payable to the Government of Panama amounted to $81.1

million.

12. Treaty Impact.

On September 7, 1977, the United States of America and the Republic of

Panama signed the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The treaty provided for the establishment of the Panama Canal Commission on October 1, 1979, to assume certain operational responsibilities for the Canal until December 3 1

1999. When the treaty terminates on December 31, 1999, the Republic of

F*anama shall assume total responsibility for the management, operation,

and maintenance of the Panama Canal, which shall be turned over in operating condition and free of liens and debts,exceptas the two parties may

otherwise agree. The effects of these long range requirements are not considered in the financial statements.
Chapter VI

STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics

49
STATISTICAL TABLES

Table L—Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1980 Through 1989

Total traffic Traffic assessed tolls on net tonnage basis

Fiscal year

I Number

of

transits

Long tons of

cargo

I Number

of

transits

Paruima Canal net tonnage OCEANGOING COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC '

1980 13,507 $291,838,590 167,214,935 13,476 182,063,175

1981 13,884 301,762,600 171,221,762 13,847 188,656,491 1982 14,009 323,958,366 185,452,332 13,976 202,884,207

1983 1 1,707 285,983,805 145,590,759 1 1,668 169,503,918 1984 11,230 286,677,844 140,470,818 11,199 162,335,342 1985 1 1,515 298,497,802 138,643,243 1 1,498 168,941,997 1986 11,925 321,073,748 139,945,181 11,901 182,750,830

1987 12,230 328,372,714 148,690,380 12,206 186,416,485

1988 12,234 337,866,21

156,482,641 12,209 191,506,903 1989 11,989 327,850,613 151,636,113 11,964 185,769,083 OCEANGOING U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC '

1980

1981 1982

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988 1989

1980

1981 1982

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988 1989

10189

110

125

137

129857869

74

$1,515,326

1,241,442

1,546,746

1,721,925 2,388,272

2,223,938

1,553,037

1,384,125 1,361,393

1,806,539

396,481 301,776

285,451 354,873

329,607 259,524

176,853

205,701 296,140

224,121

7368

67

77

8885

5346

46

62 FREE OCEANGOING TRAFFIC ' 2

6

11 23

14

1710

135

1512

2,504

20

844,748

705,936 794,282

812,840

1.131,865

1,148,311 708,616

662,286

714,055

994,711

1,686 2,248 5,010

9,119

2,224

2,731 556

2,224

3,312

3,312 TOTAL OCEANGOING TRAFFIC '

1980 13,614 $293,353,916 167,611,416 13,552 182,909,609

198! 13,984 303,004,042 171,523,538 13,919 189,364,675 1982 14,142 325,505,112 185,737,783 14,052 203,683,499

1983 11,846 287,705,730 145,948,136 11,754 170,325,877 1984 11,384 289,066,116 140,800,425 11,291 163,469,431 1985 11,654 300,721,740 138,902,787 11,587 170,093,039

1 986 1 2,023 322,626,785 1 40, 1 22,034 1 1 ,955 1 83,460,002

1 987 12,313 329,756,840 1 48,896,086 1 2,256 1 87,080,995 1988 12,318 339,227,604 156,778,781 12,261 192,224,270

1989 12,075 329,657,153 151,860,234 12,032 186,767,106

Traffic assessed lolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of ment

transits tonnage

3137

3339

31

17 24

24

25

25

28

2143

484944

32

32

23

12

62

6590

92

93

67

68

57

5743

137,593

111,418 129,684

132,431

1 16,335 86,623

73,631 130,129 106,599

101,710

217,055

143,121 309,206

350,699 410,682

248,967

309,161 239,023

129,545 103,020

4,810

8,544 21,903

5,986

21,025

8,771 20,759

1,300 16,765 9,709

359,458 263,083 460,793

489,116

548,042

344,361 403,551 370,452

252,909

214,439
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 51

Table 1.— Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1980 Through 1989

(Continued)

Fiscal year

1980

1981 1982

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1989

1980

1981 1982

1983 1984

1985

1986

1987 1988

1989

1980

1981 1982

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1989

Total traffic Traffic assessed lolls on net tonnage basis

I Number

of

transits Tolls

Long tons of

cargo

I Number

of

transits

Panama

Canal net tonnage SMALL COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC '

788

791 830

810

802

793 912

852 844

997

$74,898

65,604

73,228

73,887

76,921 73,710

89,577 90,829

79,805 96,158

787

1,355 928 669

652

468

3,704

3,282

1,422 8,311

787

788 826

810

800

792 904

852

842 996

52,052 44,962

50,399

48,033 48,008 45,694

55,249

55,827 49,245

60,156 SMALL U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC ^

276

225

241 242

241 273 316

236

246

287

47

50

585696

46

2743

3330

$15,129

10,712

10,757 11,406

11,998 12,464

17,840

11,106

11,917

12,316

29

16

1212

8

15 2025

21

13 SMALL FREE TRAFFIC 2 3

41

4140

39

86

3220

26

15

14

70

859

380

57

1,357 751 415

332

336

773 627 987

901 738

2,317 2,613

2,803

2,321 4,637

1,721

1,371

1,451

1,081 878 TOTAL PANAMA CANAL TRAFFIC

1980

1981 15,050 1982 15,271 1983 12,954 1984 12,523 1985 12,766 1986 13,278 1987 13,444 1988 13,441 1989 13,389

14,725 $293,443,943 167,612,203 14,409 182,965,335

15,050 303,080,358 171,524,895 14,764 189,413,001

15,271 325,589,097 185,738,781 14,930 203,737,116

12,954 287,791,023 145,948,818 12,615 170,376,563

12,523 289,155,035 140,801,136 12,185 163,522,412

12,766 300,807,914 138,903,258 12,426 170,141,227 322,734,202 140,125,818 12,899 183,517,249 329,858,775 148,899,425 13,159 187,139,260 339,319,326 156,780,203 13,139 192,275,497 329,765,627 151,868,548 13,055 186,828,878

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of ment

transits tonnage

247 209

229 230

233

258

296

211 225

274

316

286

341 339

338 340

379

285 302

334

57 279

315

145 110 470

64 430

14,313

10,431 10,973

11,177 11,282

11,113 16,407 9,572

10,375

11,018

560

1,012

1,172 2,010

1,360

1,103 674

1,012

1,189

1,141

374,388

274,805 473,253

502,303

560,829

356,687 421,102

381,036

264,537

227,028

' Oceangoing traffic includes ships of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and

over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

2 Free traffic includes ships of the Colombian and Panamanian Governments and ships transiting for repair by the Commission.

' Includes vessels under 300 net tons, Panama Canal measurement (or under 500 displacement tons for vessels assessed on

displacement tonnage).
52 STATISTICAL TABLES

rvl f^, OOCO<N30vO<~OvO

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v-i fN fN oo' oo' Tf so' oo' r~-' vn ^' Tt OOf^f^ — so — rir-mr^'O osassoooir^r-'OosfNos'/^Tt

w*i' in so w^' Tt irT so' "n -t' <3'' "n tj

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a. E m — Tj-r*-, — osas — — inasso fNoosOTfsOf^sO'nasr-asrn oosasoo- ooasosasos

R) O — rnp~ — r<)sOO-^fNfNOO Os oor-fNfNfnsooo-<a-minsOfN oo

OS a o o Os o o o as o os os os

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s e
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 53

Table 3.— Canal Traffic , by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1989

Measured tonnage Number of

Flag transits Antigua-Barbuda II Australia 4

Austria I Bahamas 327 Bangledesh 2 Barbados 7 Belgium 31 Bermuda 10

Brazil 31 Bulgaria 13 Burma 59 Canada 8 Cayman Islands 5 Chile 94 Colombia 126 Cuba 150 Cyprus 614 Czechoslovakia 2 Denmark 25

East Germany 58 Ecuador 322 Egypt 5 El Salvador I Faroes I Finland I France 58 Greece 542 Guatemala 8 Honduras 19 Hong Kong 15 India 31 Iran 10 Ireland 3 Israel 68

Italy 110 Japan 640 Kuwait 42

Liberia 1,090 Malaysia 33 Maldive Island I Malta 53 Mauritius 1 Mexico 58 Morocco 18 Netherlands 297

Netherlands-Antilles 2 Norway 377 Panama 2,423

People's Republic of China 215 Peru 108

Philippines 374 Poland 91 Portugal 3 Qatar 3 Samoa 2 Saudi Arabia 15 Singapore 304 Somali Republic 3 South Korea 187 Spain 44

Sri Lanka 47

St. Vincent & Grenadines 38 Sweden 51 Switzerland 8 Taiwan 217 Toga 6 Turkey 15 USSR 597

United Kingdom 435

United States 636 Vanuatu 89

1 Panama
54 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 3.— Canal Traffic' by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1989—Continued

Measured tonnage Sum- I Panama I Long

ber of Canal Registered tons of

Flag transits net gross ^ Tolls cargo Venezuela 147 570,163 699,773 1,025,127 576,816 WestGermanv 219 2,890.496 3,441,644 5,223,363 1,867,714 YuBoslaua ' 101 1,342,339 1,566,380 2,434,360 1,512,931 N.A.' 1 9,296 13.572 Total 11.989 185,769,083 195,149,242 $327,850,613 151,636,113

' Includes only commercial vessels of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and over on vessels paymg tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

• Includes 1 1 transits where no registered tonnage was reported.

' No flag of registry was reported. NOTE.—In Canal traffic statistics, foreign naval vessels such as transports, supply ships, tankers, etc., with a measurement of 300 net tons (Panama Canal measurement) and over, and vessels of war, dredges,

etc., with a displacement of 5(K) tons and over, are classified as oceangoing commercial vessels. Statistics on

these vessels, except as related to displacement tonnage, have been included in the table above. As

displacement tonnage cannot be combined with net tonnage, the following table shows statistics covering

25 vessels which transited the Canal during fiscal year 1989 and paid tolls on displacement tonnage.

Flag Type Canada Navy

Chile Floating Dry Dock

Colombia Dredge Ecuador Navy

France Navy

Japan Navy

Mexico Navy Panama Dredge

United Kingdom Navy

United Kingdom Dredge

Total

Num-

56 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 57 OsDcJO— SO — vOOOO (NOOOO

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58 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 5.— Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1989

Flag Antigua- Barbuda

Australia Austria Bahamas

Bangledcsh Barbados

Belgium Bermuda

Brazil Bulgaria Burma

Canada Cavman Islands Chile Colombia Cuba

Cyprus

Czechoslovakia Denmark

East Germany

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Faroes

Finland France

Greece Guatemala Honduras Hong Kong

India

Iran

Ireland

Israel

Italy Japan Kuwait

Liberia Malaysia Maldive Island Malta

Mauritius Mexico Morocco

Netherlands

Netherland-Antilles Norway Panama

People's Republic of China

Peru

Philippines Poland

Portugal Qatar Samoa

Saudi Arabia

Singapore Somali Republic South Korea

Spain

Sri Lanka

Si Vincent & Grenadines .

Sweden

Switzerland Taiwan Toga

Turkey

U.S.S.R

1 Sum-
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 59

Table 5.— Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1989—Continued

Laden

I Num- I ber Panama

of Canal net Flag transits tonnage Tolls United Kingdom 360 5,924,783 $10,842,353 United States 462 4,665,460 8,537,792 Vanuatu 76 233,437 427,190 Venezuela 128 520,780 953,027 West Germany 201 2,711,456 4,961,964 Yugoslavia 95 1,282,553 2,347,072 N.A.*

Total 9,951 152,553,220 $279,251,118

Ballast

1 Num-
STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 63

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64 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 65

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 67 3
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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 69

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 71

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74 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 75

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 77

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78 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 79

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80 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Toluene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn Lumber and products

Plywood, veneers, composition board Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 81

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley Corn

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Fishmeal Phosphates

Potash

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds

Peas, dry Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil 113 Fuel oil, residual 34

Gasoline 113

Jet fuel 6 Kerosene 7 Liquefied gas 2 Lubricating oil 1 Other and unclassified Miscellaneous 104

Flour, wheat 1 Oil, vegetable 24 Paper and paper products 17 Tallow 48

All other and unclassified 14 Total 2,741 EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous 2 Chemicals and petroleum chemicals 264

Caustic soda 88 Chemicals, unclassified 157 Benzene 6

1988

39
S2 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal vear EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals—Continued

Toulene

Petroleum coke, miscellaneous Coal and coke Coal Coke

GrainsCorn

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories, and parts . .

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Infusorial earth Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Nitrate of soda

Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals OresOther and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified

6
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 83

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Copra and coconuts

Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Peas, dry

Rubber, raw

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black

Clay, fire, and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Resin Rubber, manufactured Tallow

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO BALBOA, R.P. Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn

Rice Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . .

Petroleum and products

Fiscal year

1 1989
84 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

10

552

g
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 85

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

1988 EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIAContinued

Petroleum and products—Continued

Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Resin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Toulene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke Coal Coke

Grains 24.727

Barley Corn

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Boards, and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks and coils

23
86 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Paciflc— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA—

Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel—Continued

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings , Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash

Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured Tallow

Textiles Tobacco and manufactures Wax, paraffin

1,031
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 87

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1989 1988 1987 EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA—

Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Container cargo 5,730 5,801 4,781

All other and unclassified 264 160 236

Total 52,459 54,828 50,486 EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous GrainsWheat

Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash , Ores and metals, miscellaneous , Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Resin

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous
88 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Paciflc— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CANADA TO OCEANIA—Continued Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Potash

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsSoybeans

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures or iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat Marble and stone Paper and paper products

Resin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

r

Fiscal vear

1989

247

17

8 448

4

74

185

197

12

25123

10 133

37

154

7 17027
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 89

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash—Continued

Phosphates

Fertihzers, unclassified Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Liquefied gas Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and 'jnclassified Total

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash, miscellaneous Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO BALBOA, R.P.: Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee Sugar

Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year 1989 1988

49
9f STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CANADA:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

GrainsSoybeans

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

19 25

1988

6
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 91

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Coal and coke

Grains, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Iron

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO BALBOA, R.P.: Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO HAWAII:

Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO OCEANIA:

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

1988

1317956

38

5 108

21
92 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Molasses Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals Ore, alumina/ bauxite Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

Fiscal year

1 1989
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 93

1 1989
94 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Paciflc— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST INDIES TO HAWAII:

Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Total

WEST INDIES TO OCEANIA:

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

WEST INDIES TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Fish, refrigerated Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous ....

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Petroleum products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .... Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

1 1989
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 95

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued Machinery and equipment—Continued

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Nitrate of soda

Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Glass and glassware

Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Rubber, manufactured

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

1622

2

5 630

44 452

4

10228 39380

27142 "i3

130

14

7

II77

1 1,56121

16

15

1 175

2178

93334

1988

173

3

3

1 553

35 359

8 10546

328

51 22047

1026

7

115

144

5 136

1 1,40929

217

124

568

38 312

1977

122 345

119 19423

9

123

5 .
96 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1989 1988 1987 I EUROPE TO WEST COAST CANADA—Continued

Ores and metals, miscellaneous 114 138 48

Miscellaneous 209 173 168 Bricks and tile 1 1 1 All other and unclassified 208 172 167 Total 523 583 376

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous 15 23 32 Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous 14 18 54

Grains 80 !_12 73 Corn 2 1 Rice 17 18 9 Wheat 48 68 42 Other and unclassified 15 24 21 Machinery and equipment 33 45 48 Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts 23 21 20 Construction machinery and equipment 4 11 19 Other and unclassified 6 13 9 Manufactures of iron and steel 85 94 142 Angles, shapes, and sections 4 9 12

Plates, sheets, and coils 24 39 65 Tubes, pipes, and fittings 25 2 2 Wire, bars, and rods 30 38 58 Other and unclassified 2 6 5 Minerals, miscellaneous 3 3

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash 470 425 567 Ammonium compounds 40 51 95

Fertilizers, unclassified 417 341 470

Phosphates 1 Potash 13 32 2 Ores and metals, miscellaneous 6 7 11 Petroleum and products 177 599 607 Crude oil 120 451 416

Diesel oil 29 77 87 Gasoline 16 33 50 Other and unclassified 12 38 54 Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous 13 5 Miscellaneous 151 156 155 Cement

Glass and glassware

Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods

2

1
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 97

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Paciflc— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICAContinued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued

Dairy products Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains

Barley Oats Wheat

Rice Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . Construction machinery and equipment . .

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash Other and unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Fuel oil, residual

Fiscal year 1988

3
98 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal vear EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA

Continued

Petroleum and products—Continued

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Ammunition and explosives

Bricks and tile Cement

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil. vegetable Paper and paper products Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous .

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements .

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment .

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Lubricating oil Gasoline Other and unclassified

4 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 99

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EUROPE TO OCEANIA—Continued

Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products . .

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified . .

Total EUROPE TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

AFRICA TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite ore Manganese ore Other and unclassified MetalsOther and unclassified Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

717

16

15

1

1988

713

1 14

12

1

634

1 . 137
100 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

AFRICA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Grains, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates , . . .

Fertilizers, unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Phosphates Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

ASIA (MIDDLE EAST) TO WEST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Gasoline

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

AFRICA TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash 952 787 195 Phosphates 952 787 195 Miscellaneous 4 2 2

All other and unclassified 4 2 2 Total 956 789 197
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 101

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Jet fuel Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk

Refrigerated foods Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Agricultural machinery and implements

Construction machinery and equipment

Other, unclassified

Fiscal year

1 1989
102 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal Year WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Nitrate of soda

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Cotton

Peas, dried Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china Tallow

Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous , Grains

Rice Petroleum and products , Crude oil , Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains

1989

65

10

12 43

6

6

5140

11

151S398

23

23

324

26

183

18383

13 879260

32

129

185

1988

13

12

2

108

10860

10

1 42

2 232

3 34

208

208

76

31

10161

3130 205

157

1987

40

3 37

2

1 58

5897

6

6

14

67

4 283

1 70

26
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 103

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPEContinued

Grains—Continued

Barley , Rice , Wheat

Other and unclassified , Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board ... Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Sah

Soda and sodium compound

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead

Scrap

Zinc Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Molasses

Peas, dry Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross

15230

3 629

208

85 237

99

28 559

383

"'56

120

77

288

50

119

85

239

1988

126

31

92

90

646

12

28

55

26

99

732 781 244 212

87 92

232 214

169 263

I

1

531

" "405 426 339

580 34 20 32

16
IM STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPEContinued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO AFRICA:

Grains

Barley Rice Wheat

Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Infusorial earth

Salt Sulfur Soda and sodium compound

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Coke, coal type GrainsOats Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood , . . .

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, potash

Nitrate of soda

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Oil seeds Petroleum and products

Fiscal vear

1989

1,105
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 105

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST UNITED

STATES—Continued

Petroleum and products—Continued Crude oil Diesel oil Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal

Grains

Barley

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous .... Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CANADA TO WEST INDIES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . . .

Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

1988

106
106 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table IL—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated fooas

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Benzene

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Coal

Grains

Barley

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous.

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Borax

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash

Fishmeal

Fertilizer, unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Coffee Petroleum and products Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Marble and stone Paper and paper products

Seeds, excludmg oilseeds Tallow

Container cargo

1 1989
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 107

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1989 1988 WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

All other and unclassified 31 26

Total WEST COAST CANADA TO AFRICA:

Coal

GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Potash

Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CANADA TO ASIA (MIDDLE EAST):

Grains

Barley

Wheat

Lumber'and products, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Tubes, pipes and fittings Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal 20 13

84

6,435
108 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash—Continued

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresOther and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals, and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsOther and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizer, unclassified Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . .

Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Ores and metals

12 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 109

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

OresCopper

MetalsAluminum

Copper

Scrap Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Gasoline Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST INDIES: Canned and refiigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal Other agricultural commodities

Molasses

Sugar, raw

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Fiscal year

1988

12
11« STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal Year WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPEContinued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified GrainsWheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Tubes, pipes and fittings Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal Ores and metals OresCopper

Zinc MetalsCopper

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds

Peas, dried Sugar

Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Container cargo Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO AFRICA

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish Grains

1989 1988 1987

6
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 111

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO AFRICAContinued

Grains—Continued Wheat

Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Wires, bars and rods Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . .

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

1988

273

7
112 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

1987 WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued Metals—Continued Copper

Iron Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Fibers, plant Groceries, miscellaneous . Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds

Slag, clinkers and dross .

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Nitrate of soda

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals

189

15 20

36 424

152
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 113

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

I im 1988 WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Petroleum and products Crude oil Miscellaneous

Oil, fish

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals unclassified Grains

Rice Soybeans

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee

Peas, dry

Sugar

Other and unclassified Petroleum and products Crude oil GasoHne

Miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Fiscal year

56
114 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1989 1988 WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Miscellaneous —Continued

Paper and paper products

Textiles

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified GrainsWheat

Soybeans

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified

15
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 115

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE—

Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type

Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Potash Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead Manganese

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Lead

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds Sugar

Wool, raw

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, fish Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

HAWAII TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Other agricultural commodities

1989

4

6

101

15

1988

6 6

13 12 1 383 330

189 149

12 19 152 93 30 69

2

5 105

5

5

6

2

12 523

1104

145 264
116 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year HAWAII TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued

Other agricultural commodities—Continued

Sugar

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Lead

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke , Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines , Oil, coconut

Container cargo , All other and unclassified , Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

239
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 117

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CANADA—Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods Meat

Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Manganese

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Ores and metals Manganese ore

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum and products

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Grains, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Oilseeds Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

1988

51
118 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table U.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year OCEANIA TO WEST INDIES—Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued

Dairy products

Fish Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total

OCEANIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke

Grains

Barley Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Ores and metals OresAlumnina/ bauxite Copper

Other and unclassified MetalsOther and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Copra

Molasses

Peas, dry

Sugar

Wool, raw

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Tallow

Container cargo

Ail other and unclassified Total

3
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 119

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Refrigerated foods Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Benzene

Toulene

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type Grains

Rice Lumber and products , Boards and planks , Plywood, veneers, composition board

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts

Construction machinery and equipment . .

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks, and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wire, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Copra

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Sugar

Other and unclassified

134
120 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long ions]

ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—Continued

Petroleum and products Crude petroleum

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Porcelainware Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

ASIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . .

Lumber and products Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Other agricultural commodities

Cotton

Miscellaneous

Fiscal year 1989 1988

248 183 ""'49 '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 77

23 4

11 22

88 146

11 5,048 5,118

2 2 6

.......

6

5 2 41 29

43 416

5

"'"'io 64

4,861 4,837 80 126

14.221 14,752

374

92

10453

15195932

5,408

17

1821

16

15 5,179

163

13,841

9
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 121

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

ASIA TO EAST COAST CANADA—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type Grains

Rice Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes, and sections

Plates, sheets, and coils Tubes, pipes, and fittings Wires, bars, and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresAlumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Petroleum and products Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous Carbon black

Fibers, plant Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

1 1989
122 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1989 1988 ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

All other and unclassified Total

ASIA TO CRISTOBAL, R.P.: Machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

46
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 123

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year ASIA TO WEST INDIES-Continued

Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds ] Rubber, raw

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Gasoline | [ Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement ]

Fibers, plant Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products Porcelainware

Resin ] Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin '.'..'.. Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total [[[

ASIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coke, coal type Lumber and products Boards and planks

Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cotton

Oilseeds Petroleum and products, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, fish .'.'.'.".".'.'.'.'.'.' Oil, vegetable

Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

1 1989
124 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.—Principal Canal Commodities by Direction—Fiscal Year 1989

[Long tons]

Commodity

Ammonium compounds

Asbestos

Asphalt

Automobiles, trucks, and accessories Bananas

Barley Beans, edible Benzene Borax

Bricks and tile Canned food products Carbon black Caustic soda 1 Cement

Chemicals, petroleum various I Chemicals, various 2 Clay, fire and china Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) 5 Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Coke, petroleum

Copra and coconuts Corn 10 Cotton, raw

Fertilizers, various 2, Fibers, plant Fishmeal Rour, wheat

Gasoline I Glass and glassware

Grains, various

Groceries, various

Infusorial earth

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas I Liquors

Lumber and products (excluding pulpwood) I. Machinery, agricultural Machinery, construction Machinery, electrical Machinery, various Manufactures of iron and steel 4. Metal, aluminum

Metal, copper

Metal, iron Metal, scrap I

Metals, various (including tinplate) Molasses

Nitrate of soda

Oats

Oil. coconut

Oil, crude 2, Oil, diesel I, Oil, fish Oil, lube

Oil, residual fuel

Oil, vegetable Oilseeds Ore. alumina/bauxite

Ore, copper

Ailaniic
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 125

Table 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction—Fiscal Year 1989—

Continued

[Long tons]

Ailaniic Commodity to Pacific Ore, iron ! 16,502

Ores, various 436,280 Paper and paper products 892,194

Peas, dry 4,934 Petroleum products, various 178,650 Phosphates 8,186,548 Potash 222,640 Pulpwood 1 ,253,029

Refrigerated food products (excluding

bananas) 708,907

Resin 81 ,227 Rice 170,798 Rubber, manufactured 19,262 Rubber, raw 3,077

Salt 20,912

Seeds, excluding oilseeds 4,239

Slag, clinkers, and dross 16,393 Soda and sodium compounds 98,383 Sorghum 1,941,986 Soybeans 5, 1 80, 1 39 Sugar 1,473,187 Sulfur 7,343 Tallow 96,689

Textiles 14,705 Tobacco and manufactures 624 Toluene 265,760 Wax, paraffin 1 7,380 Wheat 9,892,554 Wool, raw 394

All other 11,754,806

Total 88,275,589

Pacific
12«

Other Statistics

Table 13.— Water Supply and Usage

Percent of usage

fiscal year

' 1989 1988

(Acre feel) MADDEN AND GATUN LAKE WATER SUPPLY:

Total runoff. Madden Lake Basin 2,024,984 2,284,537 Evaporation from Madden Lake — 44,733 — 46, 1 13 Available for Madden Lake usage 1,980,251 2,238,424 Municipal water use Madden Lake — 1 1 1,036 — 1 10,246 Available for downstream usage 1 ,869,2 15 2, 1 28, 1 78 Total runoff, Gatun Lake (area below Madden) . .

1,904,667 2,024,701 Subtotal 3,773,882 4,152,879 Evaporation from Gatun Lake —454,435 —450,018

Available for Gatun watershed usage 3,319,447 3,702,861 MADDEN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power 1,843,595 1,983,999 Leakage 14,479 14,519 Spillway discharge 92,837 255,234 Municipal 111,036 1 10,246 Total Madden Lake usage 2,061,947 2,363,998 GATUN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power 983,999 1 ,220,454 Lockages, Gatun and Pedro Miguel 2,005,739 2.019,537 Municipal and other usages 104,734 104,238 Spillway discharge 455,762 470,340

Total Gatun Lake usage 3.550,234 3,814,569

89

15

5 100

2856

3

13 100

84

ii5 100

32

53

312 100

Table 14.— Dredging Operations— Fiscal Year 1989

(Cubic yards) Earlh Rock Total Pacific Entrance Widening 2,568,530 2.568,530 Bohio Curve Widening 130,030 334,690 464,720

Miraflores South Approach Widening 42,650 118,500 161,150 Empire Reach Maintenance 121.500 36,850 158,350 Grand Total 2.862.710 490.040 3.352,750
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 127

Table 15. —Electrical Power Generated

(Gigawatt hours) ' Fiscal year

' 1989 1988 ' Generation: Gatun hydro station 62 77 Madden hydro station 187 206 Thermal generating stations 258 277 Gross generated by Panama Canal Commission 507 560

Less station service usage (10) (13) Net total generated by Panama Canal Commission 497 547 Power Purchases: Through interconnect from Panama 17 5

Net Energy received for Wheeling 6 4 Power Sales: Through interconnect to Panama (0.3) (32)

Net power generated and purchases for Canal area only 520 524

Other power generated by military for own use 4 [ Total Canal area requirements 524 525 Power distributed to Comission's customers 487 494

Transmission and Distribution losses 37 30 Peak load (thousands of kilowatts) 83.6 84 Date of peak load March 6 Dec. 18 Canal area load factor ^ 7 1 % 67%

1 One gigawatt hour equal to I million kilowatt hours.

2 Total Canal area requirements divided by number of hours per year times peak load.

Table 16.— Fire Division Statistics

Fiscal Year 1989 Fiscal Year 1988

' Num- ' ' Num- ' ber her of Properly vf Properly

fires loss fires loss Panama Canal Commission 66 $44,005 95 $102,1 00 Armed Forces 247 56,126 321 100,308

Private (including ships) 94 442,609 48 775,202 Republic of Panama ' _129 16,793 185 5,140 Total ^36 559,532 649 $982,751

FY 1989 FY 1988 Calls for Emergency Aid - 5,268 4,615 Total number of calls (all types) responded to 7,9 1 I 6,497

' Responses made to areas transferred to the Republic of Panama.

- Includes responses by both ambulances and fire apparatuses.



UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 04728 3683