Data from the

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

Hypertensionin Adutts

25=74 Yearn of Age

Umit$d SW’S,1971-1975

The total prevalence of hypertension among U.S. aduIts from three

blood pressure measures and history, associations with selected

systemic diseases from history and the physician’s examination, and

associations with other physiczd findings by sociodemographic

characteristics, showing comparisons with findings from &e

National Health Examination Survey of 1960-1962.

DHHS Publication (PHS) 81-1671

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Office of Health Re~arch, Statistics, and Technology

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Md. April 1981

Series 11

Number 221
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Roberts, Jean 

Hypertension in adults 25-74 years of age, United States, 1971-1975. 

(Vital and health statistics : Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey ; no. 221) 

(DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 81-1671) 

Includes bibliographical references. 

1. Hypertension-United States. 2. Hypertension-Social aspects-United States. 3. 

Hypertension-United States-Statistics. 4. Health surveys-United States. I. Rowland, 

Michael, joint author. II. Title. III. Series: United States. National Center for Health 

Statistics. Vital and health statistics : Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey, Data 

from the health examination survey ; no. 221. IV. Series: United States. Dept of Health and 

Human Services. DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 81-1671. [DNLM: 1. Hypertension. 2. 

Health surveys-United States. W2 A N148vk no. 2211 

RA407.3.A347 no. 221 [ RC685.H8] 312’.0973s 

ISBN o-8406-0207-3 614.5’9132’0973 80-607834 

For sale bx the Superintendent of Ihwoments. 1J.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC. 20402 
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Acting Assoctife Director for Analysis and Epidemiology

GAIL F, FISHER, Ph. D,, A ctrkg Assocrhte Director for the Cooperative Health Statistics System

GARRIE J. LO SEE, Acting Associate Director for Data Processing and Services

ALVAN O. ZARATE, Ph.D., Assistant Director for International Statistics

E. EARL BRYANT, Acting Associate Director for Interview and Examination Statistics

ROBERT C. HUBER, Acting Assocrhte Director for Management

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph,D,, Acting Associate Director for Research and Methodology

PETER L. HURLEY, A cting Asmctite Director for Vital and Health Care Statistics

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

DIVISION OF HEALTH EXAMINATION

ROBERT S. MUR2HY, Director

STATISTICS

MARY GRACE KOVAR, Deputy Director

JEAN ROBERTS, Chief Medical Statistics Branch

KURT R. MAURER, Acting ChieJ Survey P.?.armingand Development Branch

DIVISION OF DATA SERVICES

PEULLIPR. BEATTI-E,Acting Director

HENRY W. MILLER, ChieL Hedtlr Examinatwn Fieki Operatwrn Branch

COOPERATION OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Under the legislation establishing the National HeaIth Survey, the PubJic Heal th SeMCc is

authorized to use, insofar as possible, the services or facilities of other Federzl, State, or private

ageneies.

In accordance with specifications established by the National Center for Heslth Statistics,

the Bureau of the Censos, under contractual agreement,participated in planning the survey and

collecting the data.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 1l-No. 221

DHHS Publication (PHS) 81-1671

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 80-607834
CONTENTS

hkoduction ............................................................................................................................................

Data Sources ...........................................................................................................................................

Medical ~sto~ ..................................................................................................................................

Examination ............................................................................................................................. .........

Blood Ressure Measurements ............................................................................................................

Findings ................................................................................................................................ ..................

Blood Pressure Lmds .........................................................................................................................

Hypertension ................................................................................................................................ .....

Hypertension Wsto~ .........................................................................................................................

Other Related WstoW ........................................................................................................................

Diagnostic hprestion ........................................................................................................................

Risk Factor Assotiatiom ....................................................................................................................

Secular Trends ................................................................... ............................................................ .........

Comparison Wkts Other Studies ..............................................................................................................

s~q .................................................................................................................................................

References ............................................................................................ ..................................................

List of Detailed Tables . ..........................................................................................................................

Appendixes

L fkatisticd Not= .........................................................................................................................

IL Dm~pbcmd Soaoeconomic Tms ...................................................................................

III. Soucesof Vtiation tiBlood Resswe Memmements ...............................................................

1

3

3

4

4

5

6

10

18

21

21

22

23

31

35

37

39

91

102

104

LIST OF TEXT FIGURES

1. Mean systolic and d=tolic blood pressure among white snd black men and women, by age:

United States, 1971-1975 ............................................................................................................ 9

2. Prevrdence of hypertension-detinite and defsnite plus borderline-among men and women, by

a~: United States, 1971 -1975 ..................................................................................................... 12

3. Prevalence of hypertension–deftite and defirite plus borderline-among white and black adults

25-74 years, by age: United States, 1971-1975 ............................................................................ 13

4. Prevalence of hypertension-defmite and definite plus borderline-among whke and black men

and women 25-74 years, by age: United States, 1971-1975 ......................................................... 14

5. Prevalence rates (age-adjusted) for defiite rind/or borderline hypertension srnong white and

black adults 25-74 years of age: United States, 1971-1975 .......................................................... 15

6. Percent (age-adjusted) never diagnosed by a doctor as having high blood pressure among white

and black adults 25-74 years of age with definite and/or borderline hypertension: United

states, 1971-1975 .......................................................................................................................- 15

0 7. prevalence rates (age-adjusted) for definite and/or borderline hypertension among adults 25-74

years of age, by annusl family income: United States, 1971-1975 ............................................... 16

...

Ill
8. Percent (agr-adjusted) never diagnosed by a doctor as having high blood pressure among adults

25-74 years of age with deffite and/or borderline hypertension, by annual family income:

United States, 1971-1975 ............................................................................................................

9. Percent (age-adjusted) previously told by a doctor that they had high blood pressure among

adults 25-74 yesrs of agc who were hypertensive or normotensive: United States, 1974-1975,

1971-1974, and 1960-1962 .........................................................................................................

10. Percent previously told by a doctor that they had high blood pressure, kidney disease, thyroid

trouble, diabetes, or stroke among adults 25-74 years of age found hypertensive or

nmmotensive: United States, 1971-1975 and 1960-1962 ............................................................

11. Percent of adulb 25-74 years of agr with diagnostic impression of selected circulatory conditions

on survey examination found hypertensive or normotensive: United States, 1971-1975 .............

12. Mean systofic and diastofic blood pressure among adults, by age: United States, 1974-1975,

1971-1974, and 1960-1962 .........................................................................................................

13. Mean systolic and dktstolic blood pressure among adults by age from .&measurement averages and

fmt measurement: United States, 1971-1975 and 1960-1962 .....................................................

14. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure among men and women, by age: United States,

1971-1975 and 1960-1962 ..........................................................................................................

15. Rcvslence rates for definite and/or borderline hypertension among adults, by age: United States,

1971-1975 rmd 196@1962 ,.........................................................................................................

16. Percent of adults with definite and/or borderline hypertension never diagnosed by a doctor as

having high blood pressure or hypertension, by age: United States, 1971-1975 and 1960-1962 ..

17. Prevalence rates for definite and definite plus borderline hypertension among men and women,

by age: United States, 1971-1975 and 1960-1962 .......................................................................

1& prevalence rates for definite rmd definite plus borderline hypertension among adults, by age:

United States, 1974-1975, 1971-1974, and 1960-1962 ...............................................................

19. Meim systolic and &astolic blood pressure of men and women in the 1959 Society of Actuaries

Btid and Blood Pressure (BBP) Study; the 1960 Tecumseh, Michigan study; and estimates for

the U.S. population in 1960-1962 and 1971-1975, by age ............................................ ..............

20. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of white and black men and women in the 1973-1975

Nationwide Community Hypertension Evaluation Clinic (CHEC) Progmm and estimates for the

U.S. population in 196 fL1962 and 1971-1975, by age .................................................................

17

19

22

23

25

26

27

28

29

30

32

33

34

SYMBOLS

Data not available— —-—-.——- . - .

Category not applicable————- . . .

Quantity zero--—-———–—--—

Quantity more than Obut less than 0.05-— 0.0

Figure does not meet standards of

reliability or precision *

iv
HYPERTENSION IN ADULTS

25-74 YEARS OF AGE

Jean Roberts and Michael Rowland, Division of Health Examination Statistics

INTRODUCTION

Included in this report are national estimates

of the total prevalence of hypertension among

adults ages 25-74 years in 1971-1975 from three

blood pressure measurements, normative distributions . of these measurements in the U.S.

population, associations with selected systemic

diseases from medical history and the physician’s examination, and associations with other

physical findings.

National estimates of blood pressure levels

and hypertension in this report, which are based

on the average of the three blood pressure

measurements obtained on adults in the detailed

sample of the National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey who were examined in

1971-1975, will in general be similar to the

corresponding ones published from the initial

blood pressure measurements for all examinees

in the 1971-1974 NHANES. The differences

that occur are due in part to the slightly

different time frame, sampling variability, and

the fact that the average of the three measures

will give a better approximation of the usual

blood pressure because these levels may vary

considerably over a short period even under

relatively standard conditions. The threemeasure average will consequently provide a

more physiologically representative basis than

the initial pressure alone for estimating the

prevalence of hypertension and assessing its

interrelation with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk fact ors.

These data are obtained from the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

which is one of the major programs of the

National Center for Health Statistics authorized

under the National Health Service Act of 1956

by the 84th Congress as a continuing Public

Health Service activity to determrne and monitor the health status of the population.

The intent of the National Health Surveyl is

canied out through the programs of the

National Health Examination Survey; the

National Health Interview Survey in which

health information is collected from samples of

persons by household intemiews focused primarily on the impact of illness and disability

within various population groups; the National

Health Manpower and Facilities surveys in which

data are obtained on hospitals, nursing homes

and other resident institutions, and the entire

range of personnel in the health occupations;

and the National Health Resources Utilization

surveys.

Only in the National Health Examination

Survey programs are health data collected by

direct standardized physical examinations, tests,

and measurements performed on samples of the

population. Hence it provides the best survey

method for obtaining diagnostic data on the

total prevalence of a medically defined illness. It

is the only survey program of the National

Center for Health Statistics in which information is secured on previously unrecognized or

undiagnosed conditions as well as on a variety of

physical, physiological, and psychological

measures within the population. Medical history,

demographic, and socioeconomic data with

which the examination findings may be interrelated are also collected from the sample

1
population under study in these examination

surveys.

Since 1960 the National Health Examination

Survey has been conducted as a series of

separate programs called “cycles, ” each of which

is limited to some specific segment of the U.S.

population and to specific aspects of health.

During the first cycle in 1960-1962, the prevalence of certain chronic diseases, including heart

disease and arthritis, and the distributions of

various physical and physiological measures were

determined among a cross-section of the defined

adult pop~ation. Z~3 For that cycle, a national

probability sample of 7,710 adults, of whom

6,672 (86.5 percent) were examined, was

selected to represent the 111 million civilian

noninstitutionalized adults ages 18-79 years in

the U.S. population at that time.

The tzuget populations for the second and

third cycles in 1963-1965 and 1966-1970 were

the Nation’s noninstitutionalized children ages

6-11 years and youths ages 12-17 years, respectively.q~E In both cycles, the examination

focused primarily on health factors related to

growth and development. For the second cycle,

a cross-sectional national probability sample of

7,417, of which 7,119 (96 percent) were examined, was selected to represent the nearly 24

million U.S. children ages 6-11 years in the

noninstitutionalized population. For the third

cycle, a cross-sectional national probability sample of 7,514, of whom 6,768 (90 percent) were

examined, was selected to represent the 22.7

million youths 12-17 years of age in the civilian

noninstitutionalized population.

The fourth examination program, “the first

designated as the National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (NHANES I), was designed

to measure the nutritional status of the U.S.

civilian noninstitutionalized population ages

1-74 years, to obtain some limited information

on the general health status of that entire age

group, and to obtain more detailed information

on the health status and medical care needs of

the adults ages 25-74 years.6~T An extensive

nutrition examination and examinations by

dermatologists and dentists were given to every

sample person ages 1-74 years who was examined from April 1971-June 1974. The examination that ophthalmologists also gave to sample

persons in this entire age range was included

from April 1971-October 1972. Additional examination components designed to obtain

further information on heiith status–with particular concentration on cardiovascular, respiratory, hearing, and arthritic conditions-healthrelated behavior, and medical care needs of

adults were administered to a subsample of

adults ages 25-74 years beginning in April 1971

and extending through September 1975.

As in previous National Health Examination

Surveys, the U.S. Bureau of the Census participated in the design of the cross-sectional samples

and in the initial household visits and carried out

interviews at the selected eligible households in

the 100 primary sampling units (areas) throughout the United States. Additional household

visiting, interviewing, history taking, and explaining the examination portion of the program

were conducted by the National Health Examination Survey (NHES) representatives from the

mobile examination center. The selected sample

persons for whom appointments could be made

were brought into the specially constructed mobile examination centers that were moved into a

central location in each of the primary sampling

areas. The survey teams that traveled to the

various survey locations throughout the country

included professional and paraprofessional medical and dental examiners, technicians, interviewers, and management staff.

The probability sample design used in the

study provided for oversampling during the

1971-1974 period at the predetermined rates

shown in appendix I among the poor, preschool

children, women of childbearing ages, and the

elderly so that the nutritionzd status of these

“high-risk” groups could be more accurately

estimated. It further provided for a nationally

representative sample when adjusted for oversampling and nonresponse from 35 of the

initially phrmed 65 primary sampling areas

throughout the United States, making possible

the publication of some preliminary national

estimates on the nutritional status of the population before the data for the entire national

probability sample from the 65 areas were

available. This design also made it possible to

obtain national estimates from those parts of the

examination included only in this 35-stand

2
subsample. The subsarnpling of the adults for

the detailed examination during 1971-1974 was

performed at the predetermined rates shown in

appendix I with a resultant slight oversampling

of the elderly for the detailed sample during that

period. In the extension of the detailed examination program frclrn July 1974-September

1975, there was no oversampling for any age

group.

For the first 35 examination locations in

NHANES I, a national probability sample of

2,798 adults ages 25-74 years was selected for

the detailed examination to represent the 103.0

million persons of those ages in the U.S. civilian

noninstitutionaIized population as of hlarch 1,

1972. Of these aduits, 1,892 were examined.

The unadjusted response rate was 67.6 percent,

or when adjustments were made for the differential sampling rates across age groups, it was 68.7

percent.

In April 1971-June 1974, for the first 65

locations, a national probability sample of 5,593

adults was selected for the detailed examination

to represent the 10-!-.1 million U.S. adults ages

25-74 years in the popuIaton as of November 1,

1972. From this sample, 3,854 were given the

detailed examination; the unadjusted response

rate was 68.9 percent, or when adjusted for the

actual sampling ratios used, the rate was 70.2

percent.

In the last 15-month period from July

1974-September 1975, 3,059 adults were given

the detailed examination out of a total national

probability sample of 4,288 adults who were

selected to represent 108.5 million persons ages

25-74 years in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population on March 1, 1975 with a

response rate of 71.3 percent.

During the entire period (April 1971-

September 1975), a national probability sample

of 9,881 adults was selected to represent an

estimated 105 million persons ages 25:74 years

in the U.S. population in June 1973. Of these

persons, a total of 6,913 adults were given the

detailed examination at 100 locations, with an

unadjusted response rate of 70.0 percent, or a

rate of 70.7 percent when adjustments were

made for the age-specific sampling rates for the

first 65 stands.

The findings in this report are shown as

national estimates based on weighted observations, that is, the data obtained for each

examined person are inflated to the size of the

total population of which the sample was

representative. The estimates have been calculated as though the examined persons in each of

the age (at interview), sex, and income classes

are a random subsample of all sample persons

(examined and nonexamined) in the same class.

Evidence from earlier examination surveys and

medical history data from NHANES I shows

that this conclusion is not an unreasonable

approximation; however, some estimates are

subject to considerable risk of bias when more

than one-quarter of the sample persons in a

particular age-sex-income class were not examined. All age-speeific data in this report are

shown as age at the time of examination.

Statistical notes on the sample design including sample size and national population

estimates, reliability of the data, and sampling

and measurement error are included in appendix

I. Demographic and socioeconomic terms are

defined in appendix II. Sources of wu-iation

affecting the reliability of the blood pressure

measurements are discussed in appendix IU.

DATA SOURCES

Medical History

The field representative from the mobile

examination center, who visited the household

of each person selected in the sample to make

the appointment for the examination, obtained

a medical history from all sample persons ages

12-74 years for the first 65 examination locations. This history included questions on

whether the individual had ever been told by a

doctor that he or she had high blood pressure or

other selected chronic conditions including

those commonly associated with long-term elevated blood pressure, on whether the individual

had used any medication for high blood pressure

within the preceding 6 months, and on other

types of reIated health behavior. In the last 35

of the 100 locations for which the national

probability sample of adults was selected for the

detaiIed examination, the Census interviewer

asked these questions in addition to a selection

3
of supplemental questions on hypertension from

the supplement in the 1974 National Health

Intewiew Survey.

Examination

The physicians in the first 65 examination

locations were practitioners on detail from the

Public Health Service hospitals; those for the

remaining 35 locations were also practicing

physicians, but were employed under contract.

Medical histories, as described in the preceding

section, were available for review before the

examination. The examinations were structured

to facilitate the gathering of data for statistical

ardysis on physical conditions relevant to nutrition and certain other chronic conditions by

using predetermined standard procedures; however, no subsequent examinations were conducted to clarify the initial diagnostic impression.

Some additional findings from laboratory

tests, X-rays, and other procedures were also

available to the examining physician for use in

determining the diagnostic impression. Basic

hematology examinations rncluding tests of

hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white cell

counts, and sedimentation rates were performed

on blood specimens obtained through venipuncture by the nurse or examining physician. This

testing was done in the examination units by

laboratory technicians carefully trained in the

procedures recommended by the U.S. PubIic

HeaIth Service, Center for Disease Control

(CDC), Abnormal test results, based on predetermined guidelines from CDC, were reported to

the examining physician. The laboratory technicians also screened the urine specimens for

sugar, albumin, and blood, and these findings

were available to the examiner. Electrocardiograms and chest X-rays were obtained for all

those given the detaiIed examination but would

not generally have been available to the examining physician for an initial impression.

Chest X-rays were omitted for women who

indicated they were pregnant.

Sequencing for the physician’s part of the

examination components was varied to keep the

time the examinee was in the examination

center to a minimum and to permit

efficient use of the examiner’s time.

4

the most

The physician’s examination included an

inspection of the head, eyes, ears, nose, and

throat as well as thyroid, cardiovascular, abdominal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, neurological, and skin evaluations. In the detailed

examination, somewhat more comprehensive

cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskelet~al

evaluations were performed,

The cardiovascular component included a

routine auscultation of the heart and an arteriml

evaluation. In addition to the initial blood

pressure reading taken by the physician with the

examinee seated at the beginning of the examination, two more readings were taken by the

nurse at the end of the physician’s examination-one with the examinee supine and the

other immediately following with the examinele

sitting on the examination table (see appendix

III).

The musculoskeletal examination involved

the recording of findings of abnormalities and

various manifestations in the knees, hips,

shoulders, elbows, wrists, phalanges, ankles, feet,

and back.

Exarninees who were given detailed examinations also received an examination of the ears,

nose, and throat and an arterial evaluation. The

ear examination consisted of a general inspec

tion of the external ear and a routine otoscopic

examination of the external ear and tympanic

membrane. If the examining physician found in

the detailed examination abnormal conditions

that he or she judged to be significant, a

tentative diagnosis was made with an evaluation

of the degree of severity and certainty of the

diagnosis by using a scale ranging from O to 9.

Blood Pressure Measurements

As indicated previously, three blood pressure

measurements were obtained during the physicians’ examination of adults who were given the

complete detailed examination. For all three

measurements, blood pressure was measured

indirectly with a standard clinical sphygmomanometer. h 13 of the initial 16 examination

locations an aneroid instrument was used; the

standard mercury sphygmomanometer was employed in the remaining locations.

The following guidelines,

American Heart Association’s

based on the

“Recommenda-
tions for Human Blood Pressure Determinations

by Sphygrnomanomete rs,”g were observed:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

The cuff was at least 20 percent wider

than the diameter of the arm or covered

approximately two-thirds of the arm.

The manometer was at eye level for the

physician and the nurse.

The meniscus of the mercury instruments

was checked weekly for zero-level calibration.

While measuring, the rate of fail in

pressure was maintained at 2-3 mmHg per

heartbeat, which was slow enough to

detect the first and last sounds but

sufficiently rapid to avoid the intermittent trapping of blood between systolic

and diastolic levels.

For diastolic pressure, the level was

recorded at the point of complete cessation of Korotkoff’s sounds, or if no cessation occurred, at the point of muffling.

Measurements were recorded to the

nearest 2 mm orI the scale.

The middle of the cuff was placed over the

bulge in the upper right arm. Using the bell of

the stethoscope, the physician (the nurse on the

second and third readings) noted and recorded

the systolic pressure (when the sound was first

heard) and the diastolic pressure (when the

sounds disappeared or first became muffled).

Although results will generally be comparable with clinical findings, indirect blood

pressure measurements may differ from “true”

values, that is, those obtained by direct (intraarterial ) me asurment. The direct and indirect

methods of measurement have been found to

agee closely for systolic pressure if the cuff size

is appropriate to the examinee’s height and arm

girth. For diastolic pressure, however, the agreement is not good. Use of the American Heart

Association criterion (the point of complete

cessation of sound, or if no cessation occurs, the

point at which soured first becomes muffled) will

tend to underestimate intra-arterial diastolic

blood pressure. However, if the point at which

the sounds first became muffled had been used,

a similar bias would have been introduced in the

opposite dire ction. g,10

Less than one-third of the national probability sample examined in the first 35 locations

had blood pressure measurements taken with

aneroid instruments. Their blood pressure levels

did not differ significantly from those for the

two-thirds on whom measurements were

obtained by using mercury instruments. Mean

systolic pressures in the initial readings for the

two groups differed by less than 1 mmHg (0.3);

initial mean diastolic pressure differed by

slightly more than 1 mmHg (1.2). These differences could have easily been due to sampling

variability alone and are not statistically significant at the 5-percent probability level. 11

Initiil systolic and diastolic blood pressure

measurements were obtained by the staff physician on 99.6 percent of the 6,913 adults ages

25-74 years examined in the total 100-stand

probability sample. The second and third sets of ,

measurements were obtained by the staff nurse

for 99.2 and 99.1 percent of these examinees,

respectively. Estim~tions of

ments were made as described

FINDINGS

The principal findings

regarding the distribution of

missing measurein appendix I.

in this report

systolic and diastoiic blo~d pressure levels and the estimates for

the prevalence of hypertension derived from

them for U.S. adults ages 25-74 years are, as

indicated, based on the three pressure measurements obtained on the detailed examinees in the

1971-1975 NHANES. These findings are in

general similar to the corresponding ones previously published that are based on only the

initial blood pressure measurements for all

examinees 6-74 years of age in the 1971-1974

NHANES. 12 The differences that may occur are

due at least in part to the slightly different time

frame and sampling variability. However, the

three-pressure averages used in this report will

give a better approximation of “true” blood

pressure levels than the single readings presented

in the earlier report because blood pressure

levels may vary considerably over a short period

of time under even relatively standard conditions.

5
Blood Pressure Levels

Age and sex. –The mean systolic blood

pressure levels of civilian noninstitutionalized

adults in the United States, as estimated from

the average of the three measurements obtained

in the cross-sectional study of 1971-1975, increases significantly and consistently across successive age groups from 120.8 mmHg in ages

25-34 years to 150.6 mmHg in ages 65-74 years

(table 1). The increase is least among adults

from 25-34 years to 35-44 years of age (averaging 0.4 mmHg per year), then increases and

maintains a fairly steady rate of increase from

35-44 years to 65-74 years of age (an average of

0.9 mmHg per year). The yearly increment in

blood pressure levels across successive age groups

is included as it was on the report on the initial

pressure levels for those 6-74 years of age 12 to

gjve some crude indication of the rate at which

these levels were apparently increasing with age

in the general population at the time of this

survey.

For both men and women, mean systolic

blood pressure levels increase significantly across

successive age groups, although the increase is

faster among women than among men 25 years

of age and over. From ages 25-34 to 35-44 years,

the average annual increment of 0.3 mmHg for

men compares with 0.5 mmHg for women; from

35 years of age and over, the average annual

increment in systolic blood pressure for women

exceeds that for men by at least 0.4 mmHg.

Across age groups 25-44 years, the mean

systolic pressure levels of men are significantly

higher than those of women (differences of 8.4

mmHg for ages 25-34 years and 6.4 mmHg for

ages 35-44 years). In ages 45-64 years, the

differences in mean systolic pressure levels

between men and women are not statistically

significant. By 65-74 years the mean systolic

blood pressure leveIs for women exceed those

for men by 5.7 mmHg (a difference too large to

reflect sampling variability aIone).

The variability in systolic blood pressure

levels of adults, as measured by the standard

deviation, increases consistently with age from

13.0 mmHg among the young adults 25-34 years

to 23.2 mmHg among the oldest age group

65-74 years.

From ages 35 years and over, there is greater

variability among women than among men in

these pressure levels. In relation to the size of

the mean systolic blood pressures, the relative

variability in these levels for both sexes ranges

from 11 percent at ages 25-34 years to 15

percent at ages 45 years and over. The relative

variability is negligibly less (10 percent at ages

25-34 years to 15 percent at ages 65-74 years)

among men than among women of corresponding ages (11 percent at ages 25-34 years to

15 percent at ages 65-74 years).

The consistency of the increase in variability

of systolic pressure levels across successive age

groups is clearly evident in the percent distribution of these levels. At each of the selected

percentile points in the distribution of systolic

blood pressure among adults, there is a consistent increase across successive age groups from

25-34 years to 65-74 years and that increase

becomes progressively greater across the distribution from 17.4 mmHg at the 5th percentile to

48.0 mmHg at the 95th percentile. Among men,

the increase is from a difference (youngest to

oldest) of only 6.3 mmHg in systolic pressure

levels for those at the 5th percentile to 40.7

mmHg at the 95th percentile, while among

women the increase is from 24.0 mmHg at the

5th percentile to 57.3 mmHg at the 95th

percentile.

Among all adults ages 25-74 years, the mean

systolic blood pressure for men (133.4 mmHg)

significantly exceeds that for women (130.9

mmHg), but the viability among men is less

than among women. The standard deviations are

18,8 mmHg and 23.1 mmHg, respectively.

Mean diastolic blood pressure levels of U.S.

adults (as estimated from the average of three

pressure measurements obtained in this crosssectional study of 1971-1975) increase across

successive age groups from 77.6 mmHg in ages

25-34 years to 86.0 mmHg in ages 55-64 years

~d then decrease slightly (table 1). The average

yearly increment is greater in the age groups

25-44 years (0.4 mmHg) than from 45 years on,

in contrast to the systolic pressure levels which

increase more rapidly with age among the older

than among younger adults.

Among men, mean diastolic pressures increase significantly with age to 45-54 years

where they are at a maximum. For women,

mean diastolic blood pressure levels increase

significantly with age to 55-64 years. For both

6
sexes the rate of increase diminishes with age. In

ages 25-54 years, the mean diastolic blood

pressures of men are significantly greater than

those of women; however, in the age gTOUp

55-74 years, the mean levels for both sexes are

similar.

The variability in diastolic blood pressure, as

measured by the standard deviation, is less

among young adults 25-34 years of age than

among those 35 years or older, for both men

and women. In relation to the size of the mean

values, the relati~fe variability is similar (between

13 and 14 percent) across ages 25-74 years, in

contrast to the increase with age show-n for

variability in systolic pressure. The variability,

relative and absolute, in diastolic blood pressure

levels among men is slightly less than among

women.

The differences in diastolic blood pressure

between young adults ages 25-34 years and older

adults ages 55-74 years are greater at the upper

than at the lower percentiles, ranging from 6

mmHg at the 5th through the 25th percentiles

to over 10 mmHg at the 90th and 95th

percentiles. The increases with age, from the

youngest to the oldest adults, are greater for

women than for men, but are greater for both

sexes at the higher than the lower percentiles.

These findings arc similar to those for systolic

pressure.

Similar to systolic blood pressure levels, the

mean diastolic blood pressure level of men ages

25-74 years (84.3 mmHg) significantly exceeds

that of women (81.1 mmHg); the variability

among men is slightIy less (standard deviations

of 11.2 mmHg for men and 12.0 mmHg for

women).

The bivariatc distributions of the threemeasure averages for systolic by diastolic blood

pressures of adults in tables 2-11 reflect their

greater variability among women (tables 7-1 1)

than among men (tables 2-6) in ages 25-64 years.

The proportion with substantially elevated pressures of at least 140 mmHg systolic or at Ieast

90 mmHg diastolic increases with age for both

sexes, but in ages 45-74 years, the increase is

substantially more rapid for women than for

men. Among men, these proportions increase

steadily and significantly from 18.9 percent in

ages 25-34 years to 61.6 percent in ages 65-74

years, however, among women the increase is

from 7.4 percent to 69.1 percent. Among adults

25-54 years of age, the proportion with this

de~ee of substantially elevated blood pressure is

consistently greater among men than among

worn en. Similarly, the proportion with both

systolic and diastoIic blood pressure levels substantially elevated (systolic pressure of at least

140 mmHg and diastolic of at least 90 mmHg)

increases mmkedly with age. For men, the

increase is from 8 percent in ages 25-34 years to

32 percent in ages 55-64 years, then decreases

sIightly to 28 percent in ages 65-74 years.

Among women, the increase is from 3 percent in

ages 25-34 years to 30.2 percent in ages 65-74

years. In ages 25-64 years, the proportion of

men with both systolic and diastolic pressure

substantially elevated exceeds that of women.

Individual measures.–The initial systolic

pressures for U.S. adults as estimated from the

findings in this survey tend to be slightly lower

on the average thzm those from the second and

third measurements; however, the initiaI diastolic

pressure levels are higher than the second levels

but not higher than the third levels (tables

12-14). This finding is in contrast to those in the

previous NHES (all three measurements taken in

a sitting position) and other studies where the

initial blood pressures were somewhat higher

than subsequent readings. 13-‘5 The variability

among the population is generally similar for all

three pressure measurements based on findings

from the present study (appendix HI).

Race. –Among white U.S. adults in

1971-1975, both men and women, the increase

with age in mean systolic blood pressure (threemeasurement average values) and the rates of

increase over the 25-74-year age range are nearly

identical to those for adults of all races. This

finding was to be expected because 89 percent

of all U.S. adults at the time of the survey were

white. Mean systolic blood pressure Ievels of all

white adults increase steadily and significantly

with age from 120.4 mmHg in ages 25-34 years

to 150.0 mmHg in ages 65-74 years. The average

yearly increments range from a minimum of 0.3

mmHg between age groups 25-34 and 35-44

years to 0.9 mmHg across the remainder of the

age range (table 15). The trends in variability

and relative variability in systolic pressure

among white adults are similar to those for

adults of all races.
Among adults ages 25-44 years, the mean

systolic pressure levels of white men significantly exceed those of white women, but from

ages 55 years on, the mean levels for white

women are the higher. The average rate of

increase with age is greater among white women

than among white men across the 25- 74-year age

range.

Diastolic blood pressure mean levels for

white adults increase steadily with age from 77.1

mmHg in ages 25-34 years to 85.4 mmHg in ages

55-64 years. The maximum level for white men

is reached in ages 45-54 years and for white

women in ages 65-74 years (a finding similar to

that for adults of all races). The mean diastoIic

blood pressure levels of white men are significantly greater than those of white women ages

25-54 years, however, among older adults, ages

55-74 years, the mean levels for both sexes are

similar.

Among bIack adults, the extent of increase

with age in both systolic and diastoIic blood

pressure means is about the same as that shown

for white aduIts. Systolic blood pressure means

for black men increase from 127,9 mmHg in

ages 25-34 years to 153.4 mmHg at ages 65-74

years; those means for black women increase

from 121.7 mmHg to 158.1 mmHg (tabIe 16).

The mean systolic blood pressure levels of black

men exceed those of black women in ages 25-44

years; however, by ages 65-74 years, the level for

black women exceeds that for bIack men

although none of the differences are large

enough to be statistically significant.

Diastolic blood pressure means of black

adults also generally increase with age, reaching

slightly higher values for men in ages 55-64 years

(95.7 mmHg) and for women in ages 45-54 years

(90.6 mmHg) than at the younger or older ages.

The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of black men ages 25-74 years are consistently higher than those of white men (figure 1).

The mean differences in systolic pressure range

from 2.9 mmHg in ages 25-34 years to 12.6

mmHg in ages 55-64 years and those in diastolic

pressures range from 3.3 mmHg in ages 25-34

years to 9.6 mmHg in ages 55-64 years.

Racial differences in systoIic and diastolic

blood pressure levels between white and black

women follow a pattern generally similar to that

for men. Mean differences in systolic pressure

range from 5.6 mmHg in ages 25-34 and 65-74

years to 13.4 mmHg in ages 35-44 years, and for

diastolic pressure from 4.6 mmHg in ages 65-74

years to 10.3 mmHg in ages 35-44 years.

Across age groups 25-74 years for women

and 35-74 years for men, the relative variability

in the systolic and diastolic pressure levels (ratio

of standard deviation to the mean value) among

black adults exceeds that of white male adults.

Geopaphic region.–Jn the sample design

used for this survey, the United States was

divided into four broad geographic regions–the

Northeast, Midwest, South, and West–approximately equal in population, as described in

appendixes I and II. The sample size and design

of the survey do not provide an adequate basis

for reliably estimating blood pressure levels of

the population in smaller geographic areas or in

the individual States.

Across the 25-74-year age span, the mean

systolic blood pressure of persons living in the

South and Northeast are somewhat higher than

those of persons in the other two regions (table

17), however, the differences are not Iarge

enough to be statistically significant. When

adjustments are made for differences in age

distribution among the adult population in the

four regions, the age-adjusted mean systolic

blood pressure levels among persons in the

South and Northeast are 133.9 mmHg and 133.2

mmHg, respectively, compared with mean levels

of 131,0 mmHg and 130.5 mmHg among

persons in the Midwest and West, respectively.

The variation in systolic blood pressure levels

among adults in the West was slightly lower than

the variation for adults in the other three

regions. In each region, the age-adjusted mean

systolic blood pressure levels of men slightly

exceed those of women.

Diastolic blood pressure levels of adults in

the four regions are similar. The mean, ageadjusted, values range from 81.8 mmHg in the

West to 83.9 mmHg in the South and the

variability as measured by the standard deviation

is similar in the four regions, ranging from 11.2

mmHg in the West to 12.2 mmHg in the

Northeast. In each of the four regions, the mean,

age-adjusted, diastolic blood pressure levels of

men exceed those of women.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels

of black aduIts (both men and women) on the

8
160

140

100

0

100

60

60

!

o

SYSTOLIC

MEN

..... ... ..... ... . ...

..

...

..-

..-

Black ------

..-.

..--”

....-

.----

-----

..-.

...”

..-

...

....

....

..

30 40 50 60 70

OIASTOLIC

MEN

Black .. ... . .

......- “,..

.... ... .... ....... ....... -..

... ....

..... .-..,

..-

-----

-..

..-

,,

30 40 50 60 70

AGE IN YEARS

1B,%,d,,,, .l”er,,~,,1,3hlm,dp,-wurcl,,,,s”,,,l,, ”,s

160

140

120

Ico

o

100

80

60

/

/

o

WOMEN

..-.

----

----

.....

...-

-----

..-”

----

Black -----

...-

---

-..

..-

-..

-..

..-

/

...

---

...-

..-.

---

----

-..

---

30 40 50 60 70

WOMEN

Black

.. .. ..... .-------------------- . ... .... ....... .

..-----

-----

,,

30 40 52 60 70

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 1. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressurel among white and black men and women, by age: United States, 1971-1975

9
average exceed those of white adults in each of

the four regions; however, the age-adjusted mean

differences are not large enough to be statistically significant.

Because of the scheduling of the examination locations used in this survey-the North was

avoided during the winter and the South during

the summer—the effect of any seasonal or

climatic fluctuations on blood pressure levels

may have been either masked or accentuated in

these regional findings.

Population density .–The mean, age-adjusted, systolic and diastolic blood pressure

levels of adults 25-74 years of age living in rural

areas are slightly but not significantly higher

than levels of those living in urban communities

(table 18). This pattern persists among men and

women of both white and black racial groups,

but the urban-rural differences in the means are

negligible. Mean blood pressure levels for men

exceed those for women in each area; however,

the differences in the age-adjusted rates are not

large enough to be significant. This pattern is

evident among the white, but not among the

black racial groups.

Income. –Mean systolic blood pressure levels

tend to be inversely related to the size of the

family income. As family income increases from

less than $5,000 to $10,000 or more per year,

the mean, age-adjusted, systolic pressure level

decreases significantly from 135.9 mmHg to

130.9 mmHg (table 19).

Among both men and women 25-74 years of

age, the mean systolic pressure levels decrease,

but not significantly, with successively higher

family incomes. However, within each income

level group of $5,000 or more, the mean

(age-adjusted) level for men exceeds that for

women by a difference too great to be due to

chance alone.

Mean diastolic blood pressure levels of U.S.

adults 25-74 years of age also decrease significantly with an increase in the size of the family

income; this trend is consistent only among

women.

Among the white adults ages 25-74 years in

the United States, age-adjusted systolic and

diastolic blood pressure levels decrease with an

increase in the size of the family income; the

decrease is large enough to be statistically

significant among white women but not among

white men. Although age-adjusted mean blood

pressure levels for white men exceed those for

white women, in general, only at the highest

income level for systolic and the two highest for

diastolic are the differences large enough to be

statistically significant.

Among the black adults, the relationship of

blood pressure level to income is less consistent.

Education. –A second measure of socioeconomic status (the educational level of the

examinees) also shows an inverse relationship to

blood pressure levels of adults similar to that

between income and blood pressure levels.

Among adults 25-74 years of age, mean,

age-adjusted, systolic blood pressure decreases

significantly and consistently from 138.8 mmHg

for those with less than 5 years of formal

schooling completed to 130.1 mmHg for those

who had some college education (table 20). The

inverse relationship between systolic blood pressure and level of schooling is consistent and

significant for both men and women. The mean,

age-adjusted, systolic blood pressure among men

in the highest educational level is 7.6 mmHg less

and among women 11.6 mmHg less than the

level among those in the respective lowest

educational level.

Diastolic blood pressure levels for adults

25-74 years of age also show a significant inverse

association with educational level. The mean,

age-adjusted, diastolic blood pressure level for

adults at the highest educational level is 5.1

mmHg less for men and 6.0 mmHg less for

women than the level among those in the

corresponding group with the least education.

Among white adults, mean blood pressure

levels decrease as educational levels increase,

although the decreases are not large enough to

be statistically significant. For black adults, the

inverse association between blood pressure and

educational level is generally stronger and more

consistent than for white adults.

Hypertension

The three blood pressure measures for the

adult examinees in the 1971-1975 NHANES

provide a more physiologically representative

basis than the initial pressure alone for estimating the prevalence of hypertension and for

10
assessing its interrelationships with other coronary disease and cerebrovascular risk factors in

this cross-sectional sample of the U.S. adult

population.

Epidemiologic studies have established that

elevated systemic arterial blood pressure increases the risk of coronary artery disease and

cerebrovascular accident. 16-22 Recent studies

by the Veterans Administration have clearly

demonstrated that this risk is reduced by lowering bIood pressure. 23-24

Prevalence estimates of the extent and distribution of hypertension in the U.S. adult population as determined from the average of the three

blood pressure measures obtained in this study

are shown in tables 21-34. The following criteria

were used for these estimates irrespective of the

present drug treatment:

● Definite hypertension–either systolic

pressure of 160 mmHg or more or diastolic pressure of 95 mmHg or more. A

subgroup of those with diastolic blood

pressure of 105 mmHg or more is shown

separately.

● Borderline hypertension—systolic pressure

below 160 mmHg and diastolic pressure

below 95 mmHg, but not both below 140

mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic.

● Normotension–both systolic pressure below 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure

below 90 mmHg.

Definite hypertension.–An estimated 19.2

million or 18.0 per 100 adults ages 25-74 years

in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population have definite hypertension based on the

average of the three blood pressure measurements from the 1971-1975 NHANES. The

prevalence rate increases rapidly with age from

5.7 per 100 adults 25-34 years of age to 34.2 per

100 65-74 years of age (table 21). The average

rate of change in this prevalence rate among

adults increases slightIy with age from 25-34 to

55-64 years and then declines negligibly between

55-64 and 65-74 years of age.

Definite hypertension is slightly more prevalent among men ages 25-74 years (19.7 per 100)

than among women (16.5 per 100). The prevalence rates increase with age more rapidly among

young men than among young women from

25-34 years to 35-44 years (figure 2). From ages

35-44 to 65-74 years the prevalence of this

condition increases with age among men but at a

decelerating rate, among women it increases

rapidIy up to ages 55-64 years, then slows

somewhat between 55-64 and 65-74 years. In

ages 25-34 years, definite hypertension is more

than twice as prevaIent among men as among

women; then in ages 35-54 years, although the

differences decrease, the rates among men continue to be significantly higher than those

among women. By 65-74 years of age, the

prevalence of definite hypertension is somewhat

higher among women than among men, although

the difference is too small to be of statistical

significance.

Among white U.S. adults, as among those of

aIl races, the prevalence of definite hypertension

increases with age, and the rates are higher

among young men than among young women

through age 54 years. The rate of definite

hypertension among white adults increases from

4.8 per 100 in ages 25-34 years to 33.1 per 100

in ages 65-74 years. Among white men and

women, the rates increase from 7.5 per 100 men

and 2.2 per 100 women, respectively, in ages 25-

34 years to 30.8 per 100 men and 34.9 per 100

women, respectively, in ages 65-74 years. For

white men ages 25-54 years, the rate is substantially greater than that for white women of the

same ages. This pattern reverses until age 65-74

years when the prevalence is slightly, but not significantly, greater among women.

&nong black U.S. adults, definite hypertension prevalence rates increase more rapidly

with age than among white adults, from 14.1 per

100 adults 25-34 years to 51.5 per 100 ages

55-64 years. The rate for black men increases

from 16.4 per 100 men 25-34 years to 58.6 per

100 men ages 55-64 years and then decreases to

43.3 per 100 at ages 65-74 years. Among black

women, definite hypertension rates increase

from 12,4 per 100 women in ages 25-34 years to

46.3 per 100 women in ages 65-74 years. Definite hypertension is more prevalent among black

men than among black women ages 25-44 and

55-64 years, although the age-specific differences are too small to be of statistical significance.

11
DEFINITE HYPERTENSION

80

[

60 —

z

Z

.

3

$

~ 40

u Women

k

,...

;

..=.

. . .. .

. . . .. .

20

-----

,...-

.. .

AGE IN YEARS

DEFINITE PLUS BORDERLINE

HYPERTENSION

80

60

40

m

,,

30 40 50 60 70

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 2. Prevalence of hypertension–definite end definite plus borderline l–among men and women, by age: United State$,

1971-1975

Definite hypertension is more prevalent

among black than among white adults across the

25-74-year age range (figures 3 and 4). When the

effect of differences in the age distributions for

the two races are eliminated, the age-adjusted

rates are substantially less among white (16.3

per 100) than among black (33.2 per 100) adults

ages 25-74 years (figure 5).

Anong adults ages 25-74 years, the ageadjusted prevalence rates for black men (35. 8

per 100) and black women (31.2 per 100) are

significantly higher than those for white men

(18.1 per 100) and white women (14.6 per 100)

(table 21).

An estimated 4.9 million adults ages 25-74

yearn of dl

population or

12

races—a rate of

about one-f ourth

4.6 ‘per 100

(25.6 percent)

of all those with definite hypertension—have

substantially elevated diastolic blood pressure of

105 mmHg or greater (tables 21 and 22). The

prevalence of this degree of elevation of diastolic

pressure is significantly lower among young

adults 25-34 years of age (1.3 per 100 population) than those 35-74 years. From 35 years on,

the rate increases from 4.0 per 100 at age 35-44

years to 7.4 per 100 at 55-64 years, then drops

off slightly to 5.9 per 100 at 65-74 years. This

degree of elevation of diastolic pressure is about

as prevalent among men (5. O per 100) as among

women (4.3 per 100), but is significantly more

prevalent among black (12.2 per 100) than

among white (3. 8 per 100) adults (age-adjusted

values),

Borderline hypertension,–In addition to the
DEFINITE HYPERTENSION

DEFINITE PLUS BORDERLINE

HYPERTENSION

@or

60

....-.

z

/“

..... Bl=ck

0

.. .

~ ..-”. -%. ..

<

...

. .

2

..=.

& -----

~ 40

...

....

u .....

Y ..-””

E .....

~

..-’”

..-”-

-----

.,---

20

-..

...-

-..’

...-

m

,....-- Bhck ... . ... . .

/ ------

....”

..-

60 ....’

-----

---

,..

---

..-

...

..=

...

...

...

-..

40 -..

,..

..-

.:

....

..-

..’

-..

....

m

0 b I I I I I

30 40 ED 60 70

AGE IN YEAFIS

Figure 3. Prevalence of hypertension-definite and definite plus ixxderlinel- among white and black adults 25-74 veers, by age: United

Stews, 1971-1975

19.2 miIIion adults ages 25-74 years with definite hypertension, there are 18.3 million adults

of that age in the United States with borderline

hypertension (as defined from the threemeasurement average data), a rate of 17.1 per

100 adults (table 23). Prevalence rates increase

consistently with age but more slowly than for

definite hypertension, from 7.3 per 100 adults

ages 25-34 years to 31.5 per 100 adults ages

65-74 years. Across age groups 35-74 years, the

rates for borderline hypertension me consistently but not significantly lower than those for

definite hypertension.

Except in the youngest age group, 25-34

years, where the rates for men significantly

exceed those for women, the prevalence rates

for borderline hypertension are simiku for men

and women. As with definite hypertension, the

increase in the prevalence of thk borderline

condition with age is more rapid for women

than for men, but for both sexes the increase

with age is less than that for definite hypertension.

The prevalence of borderline hypertension

among white and black adults ages 25-74 years

(17.2 per 100 and 16.9 per 100, age-adjusted)

are approximately equal. This finding is in

contrast to the substantially higher prevalence of

definite hypertension among black adults. For

neither of these racial groups is the difference in

prevalence rates for borderline hypertension

between men and women large enough to be

statistically significant.

Previously known conditions. –The medical

13
DEFINITE HYPERTENSION

Whire mm

Iizi/

Wh,te women❑

❑

~l=k ~e” ,-,,.

Bleck women

Izl

60

o

25.34 years 35.44 years 45.54 years 55-64 years 65.74 years

OEFINITE PLUS BORDERLINE HYPERTENSION

80 F

0

25.34 Vears 3544 years 45.54 Vears 55-64 years 65.74 years

AGE

Figure 4. Prevalence of hypertension-definite and definite plus borderline l-among white and black men and women’ 25-74 years, by

aw: United States, 197I .1975

histories obtained before the examination in-, The proportion decreased slightly but not sigcluded a question on whether the examinees had nificantly with age from 55.9 percent at ages

ever been told by a doctor that they had high 25-34 years to 44.2 percent at ages 55-64 years,

blood pressure. and was higher among men (56. 7 percent) than

Among the estimated 19.2 million U.S. among women (40.6 percent). The age-adjusted

pressure measurements

NHANES), 9.4 million

portedly had never been

their high blood pressure

adults 25--74 years of age with definite hyper- percents are higher among white than among

tension (as estimated from the three blood black adults (51.4 and 41.0 percent, respectively

in the 1971-1975 (figure 6)).

or 49.0 percent re- For the “high-risk” group with substantially

told by a doctor of elevated diastolic blood pressure of 105 mmHg

condition (table 24). or more, the proportion- whose condition was

14
60

40

20

0

“’” IIs

‘“k ❑

r

Def,mre DIasmlIc Border.

hvper.

De fin,w plus

press. W 1,”, binder.

,.. s,0. 105 mrnHg hwer. I,ne

w more lens,.. hyperiens,on

1U,wl t),, .,,,. v ,,, 1hl,,\!J ,!,,.,,,.’ ,,,,,,.,.,,,.,,, s

Figure 5. Prevalence rates (age-adjusted) for definite and/or

borderline hypertension 1 among white and black adults

25-74 years of age: United States, 1971-1975

diagnosed (36.0 percent) is less than the proportion among the entire group with definite

hypertension (49.0 percent) as would be expected (table 25). The percent never previously

diagnosed among the high-risk group is only

slightly greater among men (38.3 percent ) than

among women (33. 5 percent) and shows no

consistent trend with age. The age-adjusted

percent for white adults never diagnosed (among

the high-risk group) is greater than the percent

for black adults (38.4 percent, compared with

29.7 percent).

Slightly more than two-thirds (69.0 percent)

of the estimated 18.3 million adults with borderline hypertension at the time of this survey had

never been previously diagnosed by a doctor as

having high blood pressure (table 26). This

proportion was higher among men (76.4 percent) than among women (61.2 percent). When

age-adjust ed, it was higher among white than

among black adults (70.4 percent and 59.6

percent, respectively).

20

0

De f,nite D,mml,c

hwer. Pre=.re

=.s:0. 105 rnmHg

or mare

“’” H

‘“k ❑

I Bmcd. wcra.h..1 3 blood pmsurt nmowmmm

Border.

line

hwer.

rensi.n

DefIn,7e Pk

border

1,.. hype,.

ten,,..

Figure 6. Percent (age-adjusted) never diagnosed by a doctor as

having high blood pressure among white and black adults

25-74 years of age with definite and/or borderline hypertension 1: United Stat=, 1971-1975

Geographic region. –Across the 25-74-year

age groups, the prevalence of hypertension in

1971-1975 (including the definite, the “highrisk” subgroup, and the borderline) is slightly

but not significantly higher among persons living

in the South and lower among those in the West

than among adults in the other two regions of

the country (table 27). This regional pattern in

the prevalence of hypertension is not consistent

for men and women, although definite hypertension is somewhat less prevalent among both men

and women in the West than elsewhere.

The proportion of the hypertensive groups

who have never had the condition diagnosed is

15
generally similar among the four regions of the

country (table 28). About half of those with

definite hypertension have reportedly never

been told by a doctor that they had high blood

pressure—the age-adjusted proportions range

from 50.4 percent in the West to 47.5 percent in

the Northeast. In each of the regions, this

proportion is lower among women than among

men (ranging from 46.8 percent in the West to

33.8 percent in the Northeast for women and

from 61.7 percent in the South to 54.2 percent

in the Midwest for men).

The proportion of adtits with borderline

hypertension who were never diagnosed as

having high blood pressure is slightly lower in

the South and West than elsewhere (66.4 percent compared with 72.2 and 70.4 percent in

the Northeast and Midwest, respectively, after

age-adjustment). In each of the four regions

these proportions are lower among women than

among men.

Population denn”ty. –The prevalence of

definite hypertension among U.S. adults in

1971-1975 is generally similar for those in urban

and rural areas (table 29). In urban places, the

rates (age-adjusted) range from 19.1 per 100

among adults in urbanized communities with a

population of less than one million to 16.0 per

100 adults in urban places not in urbanized

communities, compared with the rate of 18.4

per 100 adults in rural areas. In each type of

population density area the rates of definite

hypertension are slightly but not significantly

higher among men than among women.

Borderline hypertension rates are slightly

but not significantly lower among adults in

urban areas with a population of one million or

more than in other urban communities or rural

areas.

The proportion of adults with definite or

borderline hypertension, who have never been

diagnosed as having high blood pressure, is

slightly but not significantly higher in rural than

urban areaa and is consistently somewhat lower

among women than among men in each type of

area (table 3 O). Among those with definite

hypertension, these proportions (age-adjusted)

are 52.0 percent for rural residents, compared

with 46.5 -48.5 percent in the three groupings of

urban areas. For borderline hypertensives, the

proportion (age-adjusted) never diagnosed is

71.0 percent among rural residents compared

with urban percentages ranging from 66.5 -71.3

percent.

Income. –Definite hypertension in 1971-

1975 was substantially (si~ificantly) more

prevalent among adults in low income families

than among the more affluent (table 31 and

figure 7). The rates (age-adjusted) range from

25.0 per 100 aduIts among those in families with

annual incomes of less than $5,000 to 16.0 per

100 adults for those in the $10,000-or-more

income bracket. The income-related pattern in

the prevalence of definite hypertension is found

among men and women, and within each income

level. The age-adjusted rates are higher among

Annual familv income

Less than $5,000 ❑

$5,030.$9,999

•1

“omormoreEl

60

[

Definite Borderline Defimm plus

hvpercension hyperlens,on borderline

hvpertenston

Figure 7. Prevalence rates (age-adjusted) for definite and/or

borderline hypertension among adults 25-74 years of age,

by annual family income: United States, 1971-1975.

16
men than among women; however, these differences are not large enough to be statistically

significant.

No consistent association was evident between the prevalence of borderline hypertension

and income, although this condition was slightly

more prevalent among adults in low income

families. The rates (age-adjusted) among adults

ranged from 17.0 per 100 adults in families with

annual income of $5,000-$9,999 to 18.1 per

100 adults in the lowest income bracket of less

than $5,000. In the lowest income levels of less

than $5,000, the prevalence of borderline hypertension among women slightly exceeded that

among men; the reverse of the findings in the

two higher income level families.

The proportion of definite and borderline

hypertensives who had never been previously

diagnosed increased consistently (but not significantly with the size of the family income for all

adults and for women but not for men (table

32).

Among the definite hypertension group, the

percent of those never previously diagnosed as

having high blood pressure increases slightly

from 43.9 percent (age-adjusted values) among

those in families with less than $5,000 a year to

54.5 percent in the $ 10, OOO-or-more bracket

(figure 8). For those with borderline hypertension these percentages range from 65.9 percent

in the lowest income level to 71.1 percent in the

highest.

Education.–The pattern of association between the prevalence rates for definite hypertension and educational level is generally similar

to that noted for family income (table 33). The

rates (age-adjusted) for definite hypertension

decrease from 30.’6 per 100 adults with less than

5 years of formal schooling to 16.5 per 100

adults with at least some college education. For

adults with borderline hypertension the ageadjusted rate is slightly lower among those with

less than 5 years of schooling than among those

with 5-8 years of schooling (18.6 per 100,

compared with 19.9 per 100). This rate decreases slightly but consistently to 15.5 per 100

adults among those with some college education.

In general, the hypertensive rates for men

exceed those for women within each educational

level.

As with family income, the age-adjusted

proportion of adults with definite hypertension

who had never been previously diagnosed (as

having high blood pressure) increases (but not

significantly) with educational level from 39.2

percent among those with less than 5 years

schooling to 54.6 percent of those with some

college education (table 34). A similar trend is

evident for those with borderline hypertension

80

Annual family income

Less than $5,000 ❑

$5,0C0 $9,999

•1

$l0,000ornmre ❑

Definite Borderline

hwerte.tim

Definite plus

hypertension borderline

hypertension

1Band m ,v,,,E, O{3 bkmd Press”,, m.mureme”,,

Figure 8. Percent (age-adjusted) never diagnosed by a doctor as

having high blood pressure among adults 25-74 years of age

with definite and/or borderline hypertension, 1 by annual

family incoma: United States, 1971-1975

17

—. _.
but extends only through those having 9-12

years of education. Across all educational groups

for both those with definite and borderline

hypertension, the proportion of adults never

previously diagnosed (as having high blood

pressure) is greater among men than among

women.

Hypertension History

As previously indicated, information was obtained in the medical histories completed before

the examination on whether the examinees had

ever been told by a doctor that they had high

~blood pressure; if so, how many years ago they

first were told and whether they still have it; on

the frequency during the previous 6 months

with which they used medication for high blood

pressure. The association of this medical history

for U.S. adults in 1971-1974 with their hypertensive status (as determined from the average of

the three blood pressure measures at the time of

the survey examination in the NHANES I) is

shown in table 35 and figures 8 and 9.

Approximately half (50.8 percent) of those

with definite hypertension had never been diagnosed by a doctor as having high blood pressure;

more than one-third (36. 5 percent) had been

previously diagnosed and knew they still had the

condition; the remainder either thought they no

longer had it (8.5 percent) or did not know if

they still had it (4.2 percent). For the high-risk

group (diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or

higher), the proportion previously diagnosed was

higher (61.2 percent) than for the entire group

of definite hypertensive as was the proportion

who knew they still had it (47.3 percent).

Among the borderline hypertensive group,

more than one-fourth (27.6 percent) had been

previously told by a doctor that they had high

blood pressure and 17.9 percent knew they still

had it. The normotensive group included 9.2

percent who had previously been diagnosed (as

having high blood pressure) with 5.0 percent

who knew they still had this condition.

Nearly half of the U.S. adults in 1971-1974

who were previously diagnosed as having high

blood pressure had known this for 5 years or

less–the proportions are 47.2 percent of those

with definite hypertension, 60.1 percent of

those with borderline hypertension, and 62.0

percent of the normotensives.

18

Each examinee was asked the question regarding the use of medication (medicine, pills, or

drugs) for high blood pressure in the past 6

months irrespective of whether the condition

had been previously diagnosed. The proportion

taking such medication regularly is directly

related to the severity of the hypertension

condition—22. 8 percent of those with de’finite

hypertension report taking medication regularly,

compared with 12.3 percent of those with

borderline hypertension and 2.8 percent of the

normotensive group from the 1971-1974 survey

findings. Those w-ith diastolic pressure of 105

mmHg or greater are more likely than the entire

group with definite hypertension to have taken

medication regularly for this condition (29.5

percent compared with 22.8 percent ). Across all

four groups, the proportion taking such medication regularly increases with age. Similarly, the

proportion taking anti-hypertensive medication

occasionally decreases from 3.8 percent among

those classed as “definite hypertensive” to 0.5

percent among those with normal blood pressure.

Assuming that adults found to be borderline

hypertensive or normotensive but taking medication regularly for high blood pressure are

keeping their blood pressure below the critical

level for definite hypertension by use of this

medication, there would be an estimated 23.3

million adults 25-74 years of age in the United

States in 1971-1974, a rate of 22.4 per 100,

with definite hypertension–the 18.4 per 100

whose.. blood pressure is still elevated to that

degree and the 4.0 per 100 taking medication

that presumably controlled their blood pressure

below that level.

If it could be further assumed that borderline hypertensive and norrnotensive adults at the

time of the 1971-1974 survey who were taking

anti-hypertensive medication regularly or otherwise maintaining their blood pressure below the

definite hypertensive level through diet or lifestyle change would have otherwise been definite

hypertensive, there would have been an estimated 25.8 million or 24.8 per 100 U.S. adults

ages 2.5-74 years with definite hypertension

based on findings from the 1971-1974 period of

the survey. This is also assuming that those with

borderline and normal blood pressure levels at

the time of the survey who indicated that they

.—
1974.1975

Ezti

80

n 60

0

0

A

m

0

Definite hypertenwe

(Bad on a.ermge.(3 blood pressuremeawmtnem

1

Diastol I. pressure

105 nmHg m more

1971-1974

u

196C-1962 ❑-,,

Borderline hypertensive

Figure 9. Percent (age-adjusted) told by a doctor that they had high blood pressura among adults 25-74 years of age who were

hypertensive or normotensivel: United States, 1974-1975, 1971-1974, and 1960-1962

no longer had such a problem or were not sure,

in reality did not. (These estimates for the total

prevalence of definite hypertension would be

just slightly lower if based on findings for the

entire 1971-1975 survey period-approximately

24.3 per 100 adults). If one assumed that all

those previously told by a doctor still (or

potentially) did have definite hypertension, the

total estimate would be 30.5 million adults or

29.3 per 100 adults ages 25-74 years from the

1971-1974 findings.

Information from the 1974-1975 period of

the survey (the Augmentation Survey) shows a

small but consistent increase over comparable

findings from the 1971-1974 period in the

proportion of U.S. adults 25-74 years of age

who had previously been told by a doctor that

they had high blood pressure, in the proportion

told this within the past 5 years, and in the

proportion taking medication regularly for

hypertension among those that were classed as

“definite hypertensive,” “borderline hypertensive ,“ or “norrnotensive” at the time of the

respective surveys (tables 35 and 36). These

increases while consistent over this time span are

too small to be of statistical significance.

19

●
In comparison with the findings among U.S.

adults in 1960-1962 from the first NHES, there

is a consistent increase in the proportion of

adults previously told by a doctor that they had

high blood pressure. These proportions range

from 45.1 percent in 1960-1962 to 49.2 percent

in 1971-1974 among those with definite hypertension, from 21.6 percent to 27.6 percent

among those with borderline hypertension, and

from 6.9 percent to 9.2 percent among those

with normotension (tables 35 and 37 and figure

9). Across the age groups, the increase is

consistent only in young adults ages 25-44 years.

However, both the proportion who had the

hypertensive condition (definite and borderline)

for 5 years or less and the proportion taking

medication for high blood pressure was greater

in 1971-1974 than in 1960-1962 (tables 35 and

37).

For further planning use in the National

High Blood Pressure Education Program established in 1972, additional questions from the

1974 National Health Interview Survey supplement on hypertension25 were included in the

augmentation part of the NHANES of 1974-

1975 (July 1974-September 1975). Additional

questions that were included concerned the

frequency and recency of the last blood pressure

measurement, disability days from high blood

pressure or hypertension, symptoms of high

blood pressure, the extent to which the condition bothers, the frequency of talks with a

doctor regarding hypertension, and information

received from medical personnel on the problems caused by high blood pressure or hypertension, as well as advice on weight loss and salt

use. National estimates based on these findings

in relation to the hypertensive status at the time

of the examination are summarized in table 36.

Nearly 40 percent of adults classified as

“having definite hypertension” in 1974-1975

had talked with a doctor about problems caused

by high blood pressure or hypertension, compared with 25 percent of those with borderline

hypertension and 16 percent of the normotensives. However, this group talking with a

doctor about their condition represents only

about two-thirds of those reporting having been

previously told by a doctor that they had high

blood pressure among the definite hypertensive

20

and borderline hypertensive groups, compared

with the entire group of normotensives.

Among those previously diagnosed (as

having high blood pressure or hypertension)

nearly half of the definite hypertensive, compared with 44 percent of the borderline hypertensive and 36 percent of the normotensives

had been advised by their doctor to lose weight.

Slightly more than half of all definite, borderline, and normotensives had been advised by a

doctor, nurse, or other medical person to use

less salt.

Among those previously diagnosed as having

high blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication was prescribed by a doctor for about

three-fourths of those with definite or borderline hypertension, compared with about half of

the normotensives. The proportion of adults still

taking prescribed anti-hypertensive medication is

slightly higher among definite and borderline

hypertensives (60 and 59 percent, respectively)

than among the normotensives (52 percent).

Over 80 percent of those in each of the

hypertension status groups now taking antihypertensive medication indicated that they

were taking it as prescribed; the percent is

slightly but not significantly higher for those

taking such medication among borderline hypertensive and normotensives (90 percent) than

among the definite hypertensives (83 percent).

The frequency with which adults reported

being bothered by their hypertension shows

some relation to severity of the condition. The

“high-risk” group of the definite hypertensives—those with diastolic pressure of 105

mmHg or greater-were more likely to report

being bothered by their high blood pressure

and/or hypertension condition at least some of

the time (40.3 percent) than those not being

bothered (26.5 percent), while among the entire

group of definite hypertensives nearly as many

reported never being bothered (26.4 percent) as

being bothered (28.3 percent). Borderline hypertensive and normotensives were somewhat less

likely to report being bothered than not. Nearly

all of those adults in each of the hypertensive

groups who reported that they were able to discern when their blood pressure was high indicated that they were bothered by the condition.

About one-third (35.1 percent) of the defi-

— —
About one-third (35.1 percent) of the definite hypertensives reported that they still had

high blood pressure and/or hypertension and 5.5

percent indicated that the condition was cured.

Approximately one-half of U.S. adults 25-74

years of age in 1974-1975 reportedly had their

blood pressure taken within the preceding 3

months-the percents range from 48 percent

among definite and borderline hypertensives to

43 percent among the normotensives.

Other Related History

Information was also obtained in the medical histories for the entire 1971-1975 period

concerning previous dia~oses of vascular and

other diseases that could cause or otherwise be

associated with elevated blood pressure, including kidney disease or other evidence of renal

malfunction, thyroid trouble, diabetes, heart

conditions, and stroke. 26 The prevalence rates

for those “previously diagnosed conditions across

the four hypertension status groups-the definite

hypertensives, “high-risk,” borderline hypertensive, and norrnotensives (as determined from

the blood pressure measurements at the time of

the survey)-are shown in table 38.

As would be expected, one of the strongest

associations with hypertensive status at the time

of the NHANES survey in 1971-1975 is with the

previous dia~osis of high blood pressure. The

prevalence of such a previous diagnosis is more

than five times greater among the definite

hypertensives and more than three times greater

among the borderline hypertensives than among

the normotensives (figure 10). Similarly, the

prevalence of a previous diagnosis of stroke is six

times higher among the definite hypertensives

and more than five times higher among borderline hypertensives than among normotensives.

Previous diagnoses of heart failure and heart

attack are also three to four times more frequently reported among definite hypertensive

than among norrnotensive adults, while those

with previously diagnosed diabetes and kidney

disease still present show no more than a

two-fold differential, which is not great enough

to be statistically significant. Previous diagnoses

of low blood pressure were less frequently

reported among definite or borderline hypertensive adults than among norrnotensives.

From the 1960-1962 NHES, among U.S.

adults 25-74 years of age the proportion with

previous dia~oses of high blood pressure was

substantially greater among hypertensives than

normotensives at the time of that survey (table

39) and the differentials are similar to the

national estimates from the 1971-1975

NHANES (figure 10). Previous diagnoses of

diabetes were reported slightly more frequently

among the hypertensive than among the normotensive adults in 1960-1962; the differential is

similar to that in 1971-1975.

The findings on the relationship of hypertension to previous dia~oses of stroke were less

marked in the 1960-1962 than in the 1971-1975

survey. Essentially no association was found at

either point in time with respect to all previously diagnosed kidney or thyroid conditions.

Reported practices concerning the use of

special diets among the hypertensive and normotensive adults 25-74 years of age in 1971-1975

are also shown in table 38. Hypertensive adults

me more likely than normotensive adults to be

on special diets for heart trouble or high blood

pressure (usually low salt) and for diabetes, but

only slightly more of the hypertensives than

normals are on diets for weight loss. Data on

dietary practices were not obtained in the

1960-1962 NHES.

Diagnostic Impression

From the diagnostic impression of the medical examiners in the 1971-1975 NHANES I

further crude estimates can be obtained of the

association between vascular (circulatory) and

kidney conditions and the hypertensive status of

the adults. However, these diagnostic impressions will represent only the initial impression of

the examiner (from the examination and

medical history) without benefit of the more

careful interpretation of the eIectrocadograms

and chest X-rays, which will be used in subsequent reports for final diagnoses of heart

disease, or of the further followup studies that

would normally be done in clinical practice.

As shown in table 40 and figure 11, the

strongest association is between hypertensive

heart disease (ICDA-8th Rev. 400-409)27 and

hypertension as determined from the blood

pressure measurements. This association would

21
1971.1975 Percent, 25.74 years

IZZ— 1960-1962 Percent, 25-74 years I I

u

19601962 Standardized percent, 25.74 years ❑‘-

50

40

10

0

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

r-

● KIDNEY OISEASE

30

20

[

10

0

Oefmite Borderline Normal Definite Borderline Normal

HYPERTENSIVE STATUS HYPERTENSIVE STATUS

THYROIOTROUBLE DIABETES STROKE

20 - ~r 20 ~

Oefinite Borderline Normal Oefmute Borderline Normal Oefmite Borderline Normal

HYPERTENSIVE STATUS HYPERTENSIVE STATUS HYPERTENSIVE STATUS

IBased cmwrap or 3 blood pmsur. meawemc.ls

Figure 10. Percent previously told by e doctor that they had high blood prassura, kidney disease, thyroid trouble, diabetes, or stroke

among adults 25-74 years of age found hypertensive or normotensivel: United States, 1971-1975 and 1960-1962

be expected because elevated blood pressures is

one of the criteria for such diagnoses. Some

slight association is apparent with other heart

disease (ICDA-8th Rev. 420-429, 746, 747) and

ischemic heart disease (ICDA-8th Rev. 41 O-414),

although the difference in the prevalence rates

between the hypertensive and normotensive

adults are too small to be of statistical significance.

Comparison with diagnostic impression data

from the 1960-1962 NHES is possible only for

ischemic heart disease (table 40). The prevalence

22

of diagnostic impressions of ischemic heart

disease are slightly but not significantly higher

among hypertensives than among normotensives

in both points in time. The respective rates in

1971-1975 are similar to those in 1960-1962

when the latter are age adjusted to the more

recent population distribution.

Risk Factor Associations

The national estimates for the degree of

association between selected risk factors for
““ r

60

20

0

Crrcu!atorf Smwoms,

condntms circulator

[1CDA, 39 D-1591 [ICDA, 782)

HYDeme.s,ve sl.t.s

Defmm

El

Bmderlme ❑

Norma, ❑

Hypertenswe

hearl dmase

(ICDA.4W.409)

Figure 11. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age with diagnostic

impression of selected circulatory condition on survey

examination found hypertensive or normotensivel: United

States, 1971-1975

coronary heart disease and blood pressure levels

(three-measurement averages) among U.S. adults

25-74 years of age in 1971-1975 are shown in

tables 41-44.

For the blood pressure measurements, the

simple correlation between the systolic and

diastolic blood pressure levels is significantly

stronger among women (r = 0.772) than among

men (r = O.708) of all races and also stronger

among black men (r = 0.783) than among white

men (r = 0.688). When the effect of age is

removed through partial correlation, the degree

of association is reduced slightly for white but

not for black adults, both men and women.

The degee of association of age is stronger

with systolic than with diastolic blood pressure

among both men (r = 0.405 and 0.191, respectively) and women (r= 0.553 and 0.336, respectively), as well as among white and black adults.

This finding would be expected because of the

greater variability in systolic pressures.

Weight and relative weight (weight/height)

show positive correlations with blood pressure

leveIs that are stronger with diastolic than with

systolic blood pressures and for both pressures

these associations are stionger among women

than among men of all races as well as those of

the white and black races. The degree of

association of blood pressure with weight is

increased slightly when the effect of age is

controlled. As may be seen, the association of

blood pressure with relative weight is somewhat

stronger than with weight alone.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels

are more strongly associated with weight and

relative weight than with triceps skinfold or arm

girth; the correlations with triceps skinfold were

stronger than those with arm girth. No significant relationship was found between total serum

cholesterol levels and either systolic or diastolic

blood pressure levels.

Secular Trends

Subsample cZata.-Within the total national

sample of adults selected for the detailed examination in 1971-1975, three subsamples provide

the basis from which national estimates may be

derived and for which sampling variability may

be estimated. These subsamples include the

1971-1972 period (April 1971-October 1972),

the 1971-1974 period (April 1971-June 1974),

and the “augmentation” period in 1974-1975

(July 1974-September 1975).

Because the sample of examinees for 1971-

1972 is included in the sample of examinees for

1971-1974, the very close agreement between

systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels–

means, standard deviations, and the various

percentiles-from these two periods (as shown in

tables 45 and 46) is not unexpected.

The systolic blood pressure level estimates

23
from 1974-1975 for U.S. adults are lower and

those for diastolic pressure higher than the

corresponding estimates for the U.S. population

in 1971-1974 both on the average across the age

groups and at the indicated percentile points in

the distribution (see figure 12 and tables 46 and

47). Differences between the mean blood pressure levels for adults 25-74 years of age at the

two points in time–133.l and 130.1 mmHg for

systolic pressure, respectively; 82.1 and 83.3

mmHg for diastolic pressure, respectively, from

the three-measure averages—are large enough to

be statistically significant (at the 5-percent

probability level.)

National estimates for the prevalence of

hypertension among U.S. adults from the 1974-

1975 period are slightly lower than those from

the 1971-1974 period although the difference is

not large enough to be statistically significant.

Prevalence estimates for definite hypertension

decreased from 18.4 per 100 adults ages 25-74

years to 16.9 per 100 adults, the rates for the

diastolic pressure elevation of at least 105

mmHg declined from 4.9 to 3.8 per 100 adults,

and the rates for borderline hypertension from

17.6 to 16.1 per 100 adults (tables 48, 49, and

50). White and black men and women all show a

slight decrease in this period; however, none of

the differences are large enough to be statistically significant and this downward trend is

generally but not completely consistent across

the age range.

The estimated proportion of adults with

hypertension (from the three blood pressure

measures in this examination) who reportedly

have never been told by a doctor that they had

high blood pressure showed a decrease from the

1971-1974 to the 1974-1975 period that was

somewhat more mzu-ked than that shown for the

prev+ence of hypertension (tables 51-53).

Between these two time periods the decrease

in the proportion of undiagnosed high blood

pressure among men with definite hypertension

is from 60.1 to 49.7 percent (a difference large

enough to be statistically significant); however,

the proportions for women remain essentially

unchanged (40.8 and 40.6 percent). For white

men there is a significant decrease in this

proportion; however, for white women and

black men the decrease is slight (not statistically

significant) and for black women there is an

increase (but not large enough to be statisticzdly

significant). The change over time in this proportion previously diagnosed among those with

diastolic blood pressure of at least 105 mmHg is

similar to that for the entire group with definite

hypertension though none of the differences are

statistically significant.

Among those with borderline hypertensicm,

the proportion not previously diagnosed decreases between the 1971-1974 period and the

1974-1975 period for both men and women of

all races as well as those of the white and black

races, although only among women of all races

and white women are the differences large

enough to be statistically significant.

Further trends.–Mean systolic blood pressure levels (three-measure average) of older U.S.

adults 55-74 years of age me significantly lower

in 1971-1975 than the comparable estimate for

1960-1962; however, those for younger adults

25-54 years of age show essentially no change. If

only initial pressure measurement is considered,

mean systolic pressure levels of U.S. adults in

1971-1975 are consistently lower than those in

1960-1962 across the age range (figure 13). In

contrast, diastolic pressure levels for U.S. adults

in 1971-1975 are consistently (and significantly)

higher on the average across the age range than

those from 1960-1962. This trend is similar

whether based on the three-measurement average or on the initial pressure measurements.

Among men, mean systolic pressure levels

from the present study are nearly identical to

the national estimates in 1960-1962, while their

diastolic pressure levels in 1971-1975 on the

average show a consistent elevation between, 3

and 4 mmHg above the mean levels in 1960-

1962 across the age ranges (figure 14).

In contrast, among women age 35 years and

over, the mean systolic pressure levels from

1971-1975 are consistently lower than those in

1960-1962 and this difference increases with

age, but their mean diastolic pressure levels are

slightly higher than in 1960-1962 amcmg

younger and older women.

Comparison of the national estimates from

these subsample findings for 1971-1974 and

1974-1975 with those from the 1960-1962

NHES shows mean systolic pressure levels

(three-measurement averages ) of older adults

ages 55-74 years to be slightly lower than in

24
1974.1975

lzz!

1971.1974 ❑

1*01*2 lx!

SYSTOLIC

.

0

Lo

25.34 years 354S years

/

45.54 years

DIASTOLIC

5%4 years 65.74 Ve,m

25.34 “ears 35-44 years 45.54 years 55.64 years 65.74 yea,,

AGE IN YEARS

1BJ.LI I, .OWJ, X -1 I hhmd pc:.urc c,tmmmmls

Figure 12. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressurel among adults, by age: United States, 1974-1975,1971-1974, and 1960-1962

25
SYSTOLIC

1971-1975

Average ❑

1960.1962

•1

1971.1975

Izzl

FIrsr measurement

I“SO”l’6’Q

—

25.34 years 3544 years 45-54 years 55-64 years 65-74 years

DIASTOLIC

~’:[mlgmllmllmllmlll :, L: y. 7, >;, :L ,;, ,-. ,.

.,, ;!,: n ;;, -/ .. r

25.34 years 35.44 years 45.54 years 55.64 years 65.74 years

AGE

Figure 13. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure among adults by age from 3-measurement averages and first measurement:

United States, 1971-1975 and 1960-1962

1960-1962, while at ages 25-34 years the levels

for 1960-1962 are lower than those for 1971-

1974 but not for 1974-1975. Diastolic pressure

levels from both time periods in the present

study on the average exceed those from 1960-

1962 NHES across the age range, although the

differences are not consistently large enough to

be statistically significant (figures 12 and 13).

Definite hypertension (based on the three

blood pressure measure averages at the time of

the respective surveys) is slightly but not significantly more prevalent among U.S. adults in

1971-1975 than in 1960-1962. The respective

rates are 18.0 per 100 adults 25-74 years of algein

1971-1975, compared with 17.0 per 100 adults of

that age in 1960-1962 after the latter rate is age

adjusted to a comparable population base.

Across ages 25-64 years, the prevalence rates

for definite hypertension in 1971-1975 are

consistently but not significantly higher than

corresponding rates in 1960-1962, but at 65-74

years of age it is slightly lower than the

26
SYSTOLIC

160 MEN

19.30.19s2

..

{ I I I I I

30 40 5a 60 70

MEN

1971-1975

. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .

193C-19S2

.. . . ..-

140

120

100

0

DIASTOLIC

IOU

o

WOMEN

..

..-

-----

///

30 40 Ea 60 70

WOMEN

1971.1975

-T

. . ... .

{~.

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 14. Mean systolic and diastolic pressurel among men and women, by age: United Stmes, 1971-1975 and 1960-1962

27
corresponding rates of 12 years ago. When the There has been a consistent reduction in the

total prevalence of hypertension is considered proportions of adults with definite and bordler-

(definite and borderline) the 1971-1975 rates line hypertension who had never been diagnosed

‘are consistently higher across ages 25-74 years from 1960-1962 to 1971-1975 across the age

than those of 1960-1962 (figure 15). range, the difference in proportions being sorneDEFINITE HYPERTENSION EOFIOERLINE HYPERTENSION

o~L’

30 40 50 60 70

AGE IN YEARS

40

r 1971.1975

30

1~

---- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. ..

1960-1962

..

20 .4-..

..- ‘

/.”

-.,

. ...’.

. . . . . .

. . . .

10

o~L 30 40 E41 60 7(I

AGE IN YEARS

OEFINITE PLUS BORDERLINE

HYPERTENSION

1971-1975

o~L’

30 40 54 60 70

AGE IN YEARS

lSwd m mvmp ❑F3 blind pmmrc IIwa,”,mnmh

Figure 15. Prevalence rates for definite and/or borderline hypertension among adults, by age: United States, 1971-1975 and

1960-1962
what greater among I’ ounger than older adults definite hypertension in 1971-1975 is consis-

(fi,qure 16). tently lower than it was 12 years ago among

The pattern of change in the prevalence of those 45-74 years of age (with decreases large

definite hypertension” among U.S. adults be- enough to be statistically significant at 65-74

tween tirnr periods (1971-1975 and 1960-1962) years of age), but remains at about the same

differs for men and ~iomen. For men, definite level as among younger women 25-44 years of

hypertension is .q]ig-ht]y but consistently more age.

prevalent thm it Jvas ].2 years ago across the age The total prevalence of hypertension (defirange, ~vith the differences in the rates being nite plus borderline) is consistently higher

somewhat less among younger men 25-44 years among U.S. men in 1971-1975 than in 1960-

of age than those 45-74 years of age (figure 17). 1962 across the age range while for women the

In con tmst for Jvomen, the prevalence of change with time in these rates is negligible and

,.711NGDE Fl~41TE AMONG BORDERLINE

I+, I:EFITE;4WVES HYPERTENSIVE

“r ‘“r ............................------

- 04-0 0 v~o

<GE IN YEARS AGE IN YEARS

AMONG OEFINITE ANO

BORDERLINE HYPEFITENSIVES

?

z

z

$

[

i ‘-

g 50

u

1971.1975

~

❑

u

2

‘# 30

5

~

k’

o~c

30 40 m 60 70

Figure 16. Percent of adults with definite and/or borderline hypertension 1 never diegnosed by a doctor as having high blood pressure or

hypefiension, by age: United States, 1971-1975 and 1960-1962

29
DEFINITE

Su

40

10

0

m

70

60

m

10

0

MEN

I 1971.1975

V

#...------ ....-’.

1960-1962..- . . ..

. . . . .

.. . . .

-...

. . .

. . ...”

. . . . .

.. .

...”.

-...

...”’

....’

HYPERTENSION

‘l- WOMEN 1960.1962

OEFINITE PLUS BORDERLINE HYPERTENSION

MEN 80 wOMEN

1960.1962

-..

70

/..

-...

1971.1975

/

...

60 ....

...

....

...

...

...

50 ...

40

30

20

10

,,

//

I I I I

o +~o

30 40 50 60 70

AGE IN YEARS AGE IN YEAFIS

lBaed on avmw .f3 blood prmur. mmmrwncnls

Figure 17. Prevalence rates for definite and definite plus borderline hypertension among men and women, by age: United States,

1971-1975 and 1960-1962

30
less consistent–very slightly higher among

young women 25-44 years of age and slightly

lower among those 55-74 years of age.

Comparison of rmti onal prevalence estimates

for definite hypertension in the U.S. adult

population from the two time periods (1974-

1975 and 1971-1974) in the present NHANES

with those from the 1.960-1962 NHES shows

slightly higher rates across the age groups 25-64

years in the more recent periods with a slight

nonsignificant decrease in the oldest age group

65-74 years (fi~re 18). If the total prevalence

for hypertension (definite plus borderline) is

considered, the age-related trends are even less

consistent, indicating essentially no change in

the total prevalence of hypertension between

the 1960-1962 and the 1971-1974 or 1974-1975

periods.

Comparison With Other Studies

National estimates of blood pressure levels

(average of three measures) from the 1971-1975

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey md the 1960-1962 National Health Examination Survey of the National Center for Health

Statistics (NCHS) are compared here (as was

done for the initial blood pressure Ievels)l z with

findings from the following large-scale studies in

which measurements were obtained by a large

number of trained observers who used methods

generally similar to those in the two national

surveys:

The 1959-1960 total community study of

approximately 2,000 Tecumseh, Michigan, residents ages 25-74 years from the

first round of examinations, as reported

by Johnson et zd.zg

The Society of Actuaries Build and Blood

Pressure Study of 195929 (BBP) covering

the experience of 26 large life insurance

companies taken from about 4 million

policies issued to men and women from

1935 through 1953.

The nationwide Community Hypertension

Evaluation Clinic (CHEC) program in

1973-1975, in which more than 1 million

persons were screened at 1,171 sites, as

reported by Stamler et al.30

The mean systolic blood pressure levels,

based on the average of the three measures, of

men ages 25-54 years and women ages 45-64

years from both NCHS surveys are about midway between the higher levels of the Tecumseh,

Michigan, population and the lower levels of the

insured population in the Society of Actuaries

study (figure 19).

The mean diastolic levels (from the threemeasure average ) for men across the age range in

the 1971-1975 NHANES are nearly identical to

the levels from the Tecumseh, Michigan, study

which exceed the national estimates of levels

from the 1960-1962 National Health Examination Survey and the lower levels of the 1959

Society of Actuaries study. The mean diastolic

levels for women ages 35-74 years in both NCHS

surveys are about midway between the higher

levek for the Tecumseh adults and the lower

levels of the insured population.

Comparison with the findings from the

CHEC program are possible among white and

black adults, although this screening program

was not done among an otherwise defined

population.

Among white men, mean systolic pressure

levels, as estimated from the NCHS surveys of

1971-1975 and 1960-1962 are nearly identical

and both show slightly lower values across age

groups 25-64 years than the mean levels for the

CHEC participants. The diastolic mean levels for

white men in the CHEC program are between

the higher levels of 1971-1975 and the lower

levels of 1960-1962 for white men in the United

States and do not differ significantly from either

(figure 20).

Systolic pressure leveIs of white women in

the CHEC program are just slightly higher

among the younger age groups 25-44 years and

lower at ages 65-74 years than the estimates for

white women from the two time periods of the

NCHS surveys; the diastolic pressure levels from

all three studies are similar.

hong black men the mean diastolic pressure estimates from the 1971-1975 NHANES are

higher across age groups 25-64 years than those

from either the 1960-1962 NHES or the CHEC

program of 1973-1975; however, mean systolic

pressure levels from the three studies do not

differ significantly or consistently across this age

range.

31
DEFINITE HYPERTENSION

1974.1975 ❑

1971.1974 ❑

1960.1962 ❑>-r,:

40 ~

20

0

25-34 years 35.44 ye,m 45-54 years 55.64 years 65.74 “ears

oEFINITE PLUS BOROEFILINE HYPERTENSION

25-34 years 3544 years 45.54 yews 5544 years 65-74 V,,r,

AGE

1Bmzd cm ,W,W or 3 blood F.,..tsum m.mrermn,s

1 Figure 18, Prevalence rates for definite and definite plus borderline hypertension 1 among adults, by age: United States, 1974-1975,

1971-1974, and 1960-1962

32
:,1EN

U.S. 1971.1975 _

U.S. 1960-1962 . . . . . . . . . . .

BBP(1959) -----

Ts.wm=h (1959.19S0) __

11:51=/’.-------’--- ,///.

-- 140

// /.-..-”’.

S’{.70 LIC

/~ ..-.””...” ~.=.+.

./’ /..-<5----”

I:cl

,-...

...-

t .-~–

DIASTOLIC

t ~ ‘

DIASTOLIC

---——_-

//=-.=.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

Eo .. ...~-_. _.-. _.-. -----

.. . . ..

:0 /+/+ . . . . . . . . . ..”-----------

●.=.. -- -

. . . . . . .

~.-x...~.. ---------

o“L~ 30 40 Eo 60 70

AGE IN YEAR3

Figure 19. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of men and women in the 1959 Society of Actuaries Build and Blood Pressure

(BBp) Studv; the 1960 Tecumseh, Michigan study; and estimates for tha U.S. population in 1960-1962 and 1971-1975, by age

Sounger black women ages 25-44 years

show slightly higher mean diastolic pressure

levels from the 1971-1975 NHANES than those

in either the CHEC program or the earlier

national survey. From 45 years and over the

diastolic pressure findings from all three studies

are similar. Systolic pressure levels of black

women as estimated from the 1971-1975

NHANES and among those in the CHEC program are generally simik across the age range

and from 45-74 years of age are consistently

IoIver on the average than those from the

1.960-1962 NHES.

Prevalence rates for elevated blood pressure

le\7els in the CHEC study were based on a

diastolic pressure of at least 90 rnmHg and a

systcdic pressure of at Iea.st 110 mrnHg. If these

CHEC raim are zgt-sex-race adjusted using the

total 1.971-1!375 U.S. population as a base for

comparison ~vith the present national survey

findings, the comparable national prevalence

rates from NHANES would be less than 1 percent

higher than rates based on the CHEC study.

More recently published findingssl from the

Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program

(HDFP)-a national cooperative effort initiated

by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

in 1971 —show hypertension (defined here as

diastolic pressure of at Ieast 95 mmHg) prevalence rates among black men and women 30-69

years of age to be approximately twice as high as

among white men and women, respectively. An

inverse association with educational level similar

to the findings from the 1971-1975 NFL4.NES

was also found. For the HDFP study, blood

pressure measurements were obtained on defined populations, age 30-69 years, in 14 communities during 1973-1974.

33
wHITE MEN

DIASTOLIC

7“

30 40 50 60 70

BLACK MEN

:/’

f~

30 40 50 60 70

AGE IN YEARS

1Based .“ weqe .f3 blood Pm=.,. IIwa!”rmmnk

160

140

120

103

so

60

I

I

o

100

160

140

120

100

60

60

0

US., 1971.1975 _

US,, 19s01962 . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHEC, 1973-1975 .-. -..

WHITE wOMEN . ..”

.-.”

.-.’

SYSTOLIC

. .

DIASTOLIC

+~130 40 50 60 i~o

SLACK WOMEN

.,’

....”

...-

...”.

..-.“

.....

SYSTOLIC

..

OIASTOLIC

. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..-.~. ----- -------- ..:

+~d30 40 50 60 70

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 20. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressura of white and black men and women in the 1973-1975 Nationwide Community

Hypertension Evaluation Clinic (CHEC) Program and estimatesl for the U.S. population in 1960-1962 and 1971-1975, by age

34
SUMMARY

This report contains national estimates of

the total prevalence of hypertension among

adults 25-74 years of age from three blood

pressure measurements (taken during the same

examination), normative distributions of these

measurements, associations with selected systemic diseases or disorders obtained from a

medical history and the physicians’ examination,

and associations with other selected risk factors

for coronary heart disease based on the findings

from the first National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey of 1971-1975.

For the entire survey period (April 1971-

September 1975), a national probability sample

of 9,881 adults was selected to represent the

estimated 105 million adults ages 25-74 years in

the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population

in June 1973, the midpoint of the survey. Of

these sample persons, a total of 6,913 (70.0

percent, unadjusted, or 70.7 percent, if ageadjusted) were given the standardized single-time

detailed examination supplemented by medical

histories, physiological tests, and’rneasurements.

. Mean systolic blood pressure levels (from

the three-measurement averages) of U.S.

adults and the variability in these levels

among the population increases with age,

more rapidly among women than among

men. Across age groups 25-44 years, the

mean values for men exceed those for

women, a pattern that reverses by ages

65-74 years.

. Mean diastolic pressures also increase with

age, but reach a maximum for men at ages

45-54 years and for women about 10

years later. Younger men ages 25-54 years

have higher diastolic pressure levels on the

average than women of comparable age.

● Systolic and diastolic mean blood pressure

Ievek of black adults exceed those of

white adults.

● An estimated 19.2 million or 18.0 per 100

civilian noninstitutionalized adults in the

United States 25-74 years of age in

1971-1975 had definite hypertension as

determined from the three blood pressure

measurement mean at the time of the

survey (i.e., either systolic blood pressure

of at least 160 mmHg or diastolic blood

pressures of at least 95 mmHg or both).

The prevalence rate increases rapidly with

age from 5.7 per 100 adults ages 25-34

years to 34.2 per 100 adults ages 65-74

years. In ages 25-54 years, definite hypertension is more prevalent among men than

among women; however, by ages 65-74

years the rates are slightly (not statistically significant) greater among women.

0 Hypertension, as determined from the

blood pressure levels at the time of the

survey, is about twice as prevalent among

black as among white adults and the rates

for both racial groups are slightly higher

among men than among women.

. Definite hypertension is slightly more

prevalent among adults living in the South

and less among those in the West than

adults living in the Northeast or Midwest.

The proportion of adults with hypertension whose condition was never diagnosed

is similar in all four regions.

. Both educational level and size of family

income show inverse relationships to the

prevalence of definite hypertension. However, among those adults with definite

hypertension the proportion of adults

never previously diagnosed increases consistently with the size of the family

income for women, but not for men, and

with the educational level for both men

and women.

. About one-fourth of the adults with

definite hypertension, as defined here,

have elevated diastolic pressures of a! least

105 mmHg.

. Nearly one-half of the adults with definite

hypertension have never been told by a

doctor that they had high blood pressure.

This proportion decreases slightly with

increasing age and is higher among men

than among women and among white

than among black adults.

● Adults with definite hypertension at the

time of the survey were substaytkd.Iy

.35
●

more likely than normotensives to have

had a history of previously diagnosed

stroke, heart failure, or heart attacks and

are slightly more likely to have a history

of diabetes or kidney disease. These

associations are generally similar to those ●

found in the 1960-1962 National Health

Examination Survey.

Weight and relative weight (weight/height)

show positive correlations with blood

pressure levels that are higher with diastolic than systolic pressure and that for

both pressures are higher among women

than among men and among white thm

among bIack adults. No significant correlations are found between total serum

cholesterol levels and either systolic or

diastolic blood pressure.

National prevalence estimates for hypertension-definite, elevated diastolic pressures, and borderline—suggest a decrease

from the 1971-1974 period to those from

the 1974-1975 period. The proportion of

those adults with definite hypertension

who had never been diagnosed also shows

a slight decrease during that period.

000

,36
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1973.

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37
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Health Service. Washington. U,S. Government Printing

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Distributions and familial studies of blood pressure and

serum cholesterol levels in a total c ommunity-Tecumseh, Michigsn. ]. Chronic Dis. 18: 147-160, Feb. 1965.

29 SocieW of Actu~es: Build and Blood Pressure

Study, 1959, Vols. I, II. Chicago. Society of Actuaries,

Oct. 1959, Mar. 1960.

3Ostmler, J., Stm]er, R., Rie~inger, w. F7, Algt~ra,

G., snd Roberts, R. H.: Hypertension screening of 1 nmillion Americans. Community hypertension evaluation

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2299-2306, May 1976.

31 The IIDFP Cooperative Group: Race, education and

prevalence of hypertension. Am. J. Epid. 106(5): 351-

361, 1977.

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effect of remuneration upon response in the Herdth and

Nutrition Examination Survey, United States. Vital and

Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 67. DHEW Pub. No.

(HRA) 76-1341. Health Resources Administration.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Olct.

1975.

33 National Center for Heslth Statistics: Replication:

An approach to tbe romlyses of data from complex surveys. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 10130-

Series 2-No. 14. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, Apr. 1966.

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Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,

Jan. 1969.

35 Miller, R. G.: Simultaneous Statistz-cal Inference.

New York. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1966.

38
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex-mean, standard deviation, standard error of the

mean, and selected percentiles: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sapt. 1975) ...................... ...................................... .......

Percant distribution of man 25-34 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States, 1971 -1975...,..

Percent distribution of men 3544 yaars of age, by spacified systolic end diastolic blood pressures: United States, 1971 -1975 ......

Percent distribution of man 45-54 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States, 1971 -1975 ......

Percent distribution of man 55-64 years of age, by spacified systolic and diastolic blood prassures: United States, 1971 -1975 ......

Percent distribution of men 65-74 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States, 1971 -1975 ......

Percent distribution of women 25-34 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States,

1971-1975 .......... ................................ .................... .. .................................................. ..............................................................

Percent distribution of women 35A14 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States,

1971-1975 .m..............mm...... ..................... ........................ ....... ........................ ........................ ....................................................

Percant distribution of woman 45-.54 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States,

1971-1975 .... ........ .......... ........ .. .......... .......................... .... ........ ................................ .. ..............................................................

Percent distribution of women 55-64 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: Unitad States,

1971-1975 ....... .... ........ ...... .. ...... ........ .... .. ...... .... ................ ................ ............................ ...........................................................

Parcant distribution of women 65-74 yaars of age, by spacifiad systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States,

1971-1975 .................. ...... ..................................... ..... ........... .................. .... .. ...........................................................................

First sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sax-maan, standard deviation, and

salected percentiles: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971-Sept. 1975) ............................... ...................................... ..............

Recumbent systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex-mean, standard deviation, and

selectad percentiles: Unitad States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971-Sept. 1975) ..................... .... ... ..................... ........... .......................

Second sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 2%74 years, by age and sex-mean, standard devietion, and

selacted percentiles: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975) .......... .......... ..... ................................... .... ...... ........ .....

Systolic end diastolic blood pressure of whita adults 25-74 years, by age and sex-mean, standard deviation, standard error of

the mean, and selected percentiles: United States, 1971-1975 ... ...... ...... ........................... ......................... ...............................

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of bleck edults 25-74 years, by x and sex-mean, standard deviation, standard error of

the mean, and selected Percentiles: United States, 1971-1975 ........................................ .................. ........ ........................ .......

Systolic and diastolic blood prassura of edults 25-74 years of W, by ~ographic region, race, and sex-means, standard error

of meens, standard deviations, and aga+djusted means: United States, 1971-1975 . .......................... ................. ........ ...............

Systolic and diastolic blood prassura of adultn 25-74 yaars of sI@, by population density’ of area of residence, race, and

sax-means, standard ckwiations, and ❑~-edjustad means: United States, 1971-1975 ............................. ......... .......... ...............

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adulti 2574 years of age, by ennual femily income, racer and sex-means, standard

error of maans, standard deviations, and ege-edjusted means: United States, 1971-1975 ......... .... ...... .... .. ........ ........ ......... ........

Systolic and diastolic blood prassure of adults 25-74 yaars of age, by education, race, and sex-means, standard error of

means, standard deviations, and age-adjusted means: United States, 1971-1975 .......................... .................................... ...... ...

42

43

43

44

44

45

45

46

46

47

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

39
21. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 year~ with definite hvpartension, by race, age, and sex with

standard errors and age-adjusted rates: Unitad States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -SePt. 1975) ............... ...... .......... ...... .. ........... .....

22. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 yaars with diastolic blood pressure of 105 mmHg or more, by race,

age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -SePt. 1975) ... .. ................... ...

23. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 years with bordarl ina hypertension, by race, age, and sex with

standard errors and age-adjustad rates: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975) ........ ........ .................... ................ ...

24. Percent and estimated number of adults 25-74 years never diagnosed as having high blood prwsure among those with

definite hypertension, by race, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted percants: United States, 1971-1975

(Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975) ........ ................ .... ........ ......................... ................................. .......... ...........................................I........

25. Percent and estimated number of adults 25-74 years never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with

diastolic blood pressure of 105 mmHg or more, by race, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United

States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975) ................... .......................#............. ... I.....F......... C.......... I...............................".'""."""

26. Percent and estimated number of adults 25-74 years never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with

borderline hypertension, by race, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975

(Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975) .............................................................................. ............ ...... ......... ................. .......... ........... ..............

27. Prevalence rates and estimated population with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and

borderline hypertension among adults 25-74 years, by geographic region, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted

rates: United Statesr 1971 -1975 .................... .... ........................ .......................... ......................... ................. .......... ..................

28. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosad as having high blood prassure among thosa with definita hypertension,

diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline hypertension, by geographic region and sex with standard errors and

ag=-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975 ............................. .................. .................................................... ...................

29. Prevalence rates and estimatad population with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mm Hg or more, and

borderline hypertension among adults 25-74 years, by population density of area of residence, age, and sex with standard

errors and age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971-1975 .......... ........................................................................ ........ ...... ... C.......

30. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as hawng high blood pressure among those with definite hypertension,

diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline hypertension, by population density of area of residence and sex

with standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975 ...... .. ................ ..... ..................... ...... ................ .......

31. Prevalence rates and estimated population with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and

borderline hypertension among adults 25-74 yaars, by annual family income, age, and sex with standard errors and

age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971 -1975 .... ............................ ......... ................. .................. ........................ ...... .......... .. .. ....

32. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age nevar diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with definite hypertension,

diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline hypertension, by annual femily income and sex with standard errors

and age-adjusted parcents: United States, 1971-1975 ........................................................... ....... I................... C......................""

33. Prevalence rates and estimated population with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mm Hg or more, and

borderline hypertension among adults 25-74 years, by education, age, and sax with standard errors and age-adjusted rates:

United Statas, 1971-1975 ....................................... ..... .......... ................................. .. .......... ........ ............ ..................................

34. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as having high blood prassure among those with definite hypertension,

diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or mora, and borderline hypertension, by education and sex with standard errors and

age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975 ................................... .......... .... .. ...................................................................

35. Percent distribution of adults 25-74 years by response to selected medical history questions with estimated number of

adults, according to hypertensive status and age: United States, 1971-1974 ....... .. .................... ........ ...... .......... ........................

36. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age with specified responses to selected medical history items among those with definite

hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, borderline hypertension, or normotension at time of examination,

by sex: United States, 1974-1975 ............................ ......................................... .. .......... ....................... ............ ........................ .

37. Percent distributions of adults 25-74 yaars by rasponse to selected medical history questions with estimated number of

adults, according to hypartensiva status and age: United States, 1960-1962 .................................................... ............... ......

38. PerCant of adults 25-74 Veers of age told by doctor they had selected chronic conditions, who still have tham and who are on

diet for selected conditions, among those with dafinite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, borderline

hypertension, or normotension at time of examination, by sex with standard errors and standardized percents for selected

conditions: Unitad States, 1971 -1975... ... ..................... ................................ ........ ........ .... ................ .... ... ......................... ........

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

74

75

40
39. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age told by doctor they had selacted chronic conditions among those with definite

hypemension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, borderline hypertension, or normotension at time of examination,

by sex with percents standardized against 1971-1975 population: Unitad States, 1960-1962 ........ ......................... ................ ..

40. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age with diagnostic impression of selected typas of circulatory and related conditions on

survey examination among those with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, borderline

hypertension, or normotmsion at time of examination, by sex with standardized percents: United States, 1971-1975 and

1860-1962 .................................. ............ ................................................. ..................... ............................................................

41. Correlation coefficients for systolic blood pressura with diastolic blood pressure, weight, triceps skinfold, arm girth,

cholesterol, weight/height, and age for adults 25-74 years, by race and sex with standard errors: Unitad States, 1971 -1975....

42. Correlation coefficients for diastolic blood pressure with systolic blood pressure, weight, triceps skinfold, arm girth,

cholesterol, weight/height, and age for adults 25-74 years of age, by mce and sex with stindard arrors: United Statas,

1971-1975 .................... .............. .......................... .......................... ...................... .. ..................................................................

43. Coefficients of partial cmrelation for systolic blood pressure with diastolic blood pressure, weight. triceps skinfold, arm

girth, cholesterol, and weight/height holding age constant for adults 25-74 years, by race and sex: United States, 1971 -1975 .......

44. Coefficients of pafiial correlation for diastolic blood pressure with systolic blood pressure, weight, triceps skinfold, arm girth,

cholesterol ,and weight/h~ight holding age constant for adults 25-74 years, by race and sax: United States, 1971 -1975 ............. ...

45. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by a% and sex–mean, standard deviation, standard error of the

mean, and selected percentiles: United States, 1971-1972 (Apr. 1971 -Oct. 1972) ................ .......................... .. ........................

46. Systolic and diastolic blond pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex–mean, standard deviation, standard arror of the

mean, and se~ected percentiles: United States, 1971-1974 (Apr. 1971-June 1974) ........................... .................................... ....

47. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex–mean, standard deviation, standard error of the

mean, and selected percentiles: Unitad States, 1974-1975 (July 1974-Sept. 1975) ........... ............................. ........................ .. .

48. Prevalence ratas and population estimates of adults 25-74 years with definite hypertension, by rata, age, and sex with

standard errors and age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974, and 1974-1975 .. .. .... ..................... ................ ...

49. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 yaars with diastolic blood pressure of at least 105 mmHg, by tace,

age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted ratas: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974, and 1974-1975 ................ ....

50. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 years with borderline hypertension, by “race, aga, and sex with

standard errors and age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974, and 1974-1975 ....... ................. ..................... ...

51. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age nevar diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with definite hypertension,

by race and sex showing standard errora and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974, and 1974-1975 ....

52. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diegnosad as having high blood prassure among those with diastolic blood pressure

of 105 mmHg or more, by race and sex showing standard errors and age-adjusted percents: Unitad Statas, 1971-1972,

1971-1974, and 1974-1975 ............ ........ .. ...... .... ........................................................................................ .................... ...........

53. Percant of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among thosa with borderline

hypefiension, by race andsexshowing standard arrorsand a~*djustadpercenK: United Statas, 1971 -1972, 1971 -1974, and

1974-1975 .................... .......... ............... .......... ......... ...................................... .................................... .............. ........................

76

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

87

88

41
Table 1. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex–mean, standard deviation, standard error of the

mean, andaelected percentiles; United States, 1971 -1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975)

Standard

deviation

Standard

error

Percentile

Blood pressure, age, and sex

Systolic

Both sexes, 25-74 years ........

25-34 years ................ ...........................

3544 years ........ .......... .........................

45-54 years ...........................................

55-64 years ...... .. ........ ............ ...............

65-74 years .............. .............................

Men, 25-74 years .......... .............

2!5-34 yaars .. .... ........ ................... ..... .....

3544 years .. ....................................

45-54 years .............................. .............

55-54 years .......... .................................

65-74 years ........ ............ .............. ........ .

Women, 25-74 years ............ ......

25-34 years ....................... ....................

35-44 years ............ ...............................

45-54 years ... ........ ................................

55-64 years .....m............ .........................

65-74 years ................................... ........

Diastolic

Both sexes, 25-74 years .,..,...

25-34 years ...................... .....................

3544 yeats .......m............. ......................

45-54 years ............ ...............................

55-64 yeers .....m....................... ..............

65-74 years ...................................... .....

Men, 25-74 years .......................

2544 years .................. .......... .......... .....

35-44 years ......................................

4S=~ears ...........................................

55-64 years .......................... .................

65-74 years ...........................................

Women, 25-74 years ..................

25-34 years ................. ..........................

3544 years .................. ................ .. .... ...

45-54 years ....... ....................................

55-64 years ......................................

65-74 years ...........................................

Mean

5th 10th

I

25th 50th

I

75th

I

90th I

95ttl

—

Blood pressure (mm Hg)

132.1 21.2 0.50 104.7 108.3 117.3 128.0 143.3 160.0 171.3

120,8

124.8

134.0

142.1

150.6

133.4

13.0

16.4

20.1

21.7

23.2

18.8

0.54

0.6B

0.91

1.11

1.33

0.75

101.3

102,0

107.3

111.3

118.7

108.3

105.3

106.0

112.0

117.3

124.0

113.3

112.0

114.0

120.7

126.7

133.7

120.0

119.3

122.7

130.7

139.3

147.3

130.0

128.0

132.7

144.0

154.7

164.7

142.7

137.7

145.3

159.3

170.0

182.0

158,0

14,4.0

155.3

171.3

179.3

192.0

169.3

125.1

128.1

135.2

141.0

147.4

130.9

12.0

14.7

18.9

20.4

22.2

23.1

0.92

0.98

1.37

1.70

1.92

0.57

108.0

106.7

110.7

110.0

114.3

102.0

110.7

110.0

114.7

116.7

120.7

106.3

117.3

118.0

122.0

126.0

132.0

114.7

123.7

126.7

131.3

139.0

146,0

126.0

132.0

135.3

145.3

153.3

160.7

143.3

140.7

146.0

159.3

168.0

175.0

162.0

147.3

155.3

171.3

176.0

1E8.O

174.7

“i16.7

121.7

132.9

143.2

153.1

82.6

12.5

17.3

21.1

22.8

23.7

11.7

0.69

1.03

1.29

1.27

1.77

0.35

99.3

100.0

105.3

111.7

123.3

66.0

102.7

102.7

108.7

118.0

126.7

69.3

108.7

110.0

118.7

127.3

136.0

74.7

115.3

118.7

130.0

140.0

148.7

81.3

123.3

130.0

143.3

158.0

167.3

88.3

132.0

144.0

158.7

171.3

185.3

97.3

140.0

1515.3

172.0

181.3

lg17.3

IC13.3

77.6

81.8

85.2

B6.O

85.1

84,3

80.3

64.1

87.3

86.9

84.4

81.1

09.8

11.4

11,9

11.8

11.7

11.2

0.44

0.61

0.63

0.65

0.62

0.44

0.66

0.78

0.88

0.81

0.96

0.45

63.3

64.7

68.7

69.3

68.7

68.0

66.0

66.7

72.0

72.0

71.3

71.3

69.3

71.3

74.0

73.3

70.7

67.3

71.3

74.0

77.3

78.0

76.7

76.7

74.0

76.7

80.0

7B.7

76,7

72,7

76.7

80.0

84.0

84.7

84.0

83.3

80.0

83.3

86.0

85.3

64.0

80.0

83.0

88.0

91.3

93.3

91.3

90.7

90.0

96.0

98.3

101.3

100.7

98.0

92.3

97.3

101.0

102.3

89.3

96.7

86.0

93.0

97.3

100.0

101.7

w7

1C12.O

IC16.O

1C)7.3

105.3

1c14.3

09.2

10.5

12.0

11.6

11.3

12.0

66.7

68.7

71.3

70.0

67.3

64.7

85.3

90.0

93.3

93.3

90.7

87.3

96,7

1c12mo

1C18.O

1C16.O

105.3

103.3

——

91.0

101.3

104.3

105.3

105.3

75.0

79.6

83.3

85.3

85.7

09.6

11.8

11.5

11.8

12.0

0.58

0.83

0.79

0.79

0.93

61.3

63.3

68.0

68.0

69.3

64.3

66.7

70.7

71.3

72.0

68.7

71.3

76.0

76.7

77.3

74,0

78.7

62.0

84.0

64.7

80.0

85.3

89.3

92.7

92.0

NOTE: All blood pressures arethe average of 3 measurements.
Table2. Percent distribution of men 25-34 years of age, byspacified sy~olic andtiastoIic blood pressures: United States, l97l-l975

Systolic blood

pressure (mmHg)

F

Total Under

50 I

50-59

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

I

60%9

I

70-79 I

80-89 I

90-99 I

100- 109

I

Parcent distri bution

Total ............. ............... ........

Undar 100 .............. .. ................. ...........

100-108 .... .............. .................. ...........

110-119 ............ ....... ............. ..... ..........

120-128 ............ ............ .................. .....

130-139 ...............................................

140-149 .......... ...................... ...............

150-159 ..... .. .... ............ ........................

160-169 ................................ .. ...... .......

170 and over ...... ................................ ..

100.0 0.1

0.8 -

5.6 0.1

27.2 -

34.6 -

20.7 -

7.0

3.3 :

0.7 -

0.1

T

1.1 9.2

0.1 0.6

0.4 1.7

0.4 4,7

0.2 1.7

0.1 0.5

38.4

2.8

17.0

13.8

4.1

0,4

0.2E

36.0 12.6 2.5

0.1 - -

0.6 - -

5.0 0.1 -

16.9 2.0 -

10.7 5.3 0.4

2.0 2.8 1.4

0.6 1.8 0.6

0.6 0.1

0.1

11o- 120-

130

119 129

and

over

1 1

II

0.2 - -

0.1 - -

0.1 - -

NOTE: AU blood pressures aretheaverage of3 measurements. Cellvdues rounded, totiIsnot adjusted toaddto 100.O percent.

Table3. Percent distribution of men35-44 years of aga, byspecifiad sy~olic anddiastolic blood pressures: United States, 1971-1975

I

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

Systolic blood

130

pressure (mmHg) Undar Total so 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-89 :% 11o- 120-

119 129

and

over

I

Percent distribution

Total ...... .............. .. .... .. ...... .. ..............

Under 100 ..........................................................

loo.lm ....... ................... .. ..................................

llo.l19 .......................... .................... .............. ..

120.1m ...... ........................................ .... ............

13@139 ........................ .............. ........ .... ...... ......

14&149 .............. ................................................

lm159 .................. ...... .... ................ ....... ...........

16@169 ............................ ..................................

17Gln ..... ..........q" .... ........... .... ........ .... ............

180 and over .................... .................. ................

100.0

0.1

8.3

21.6

28.7

22.2

10.6

5.2

1.8

0.8

0.7

0.2

0.2

5.7

0.1

1.4

3.1

1.1

31.1

6.1

11.6

8.7

3.4

1.1

0.2

37.3 18,1 5.3 1.6 0.5

0.5 - - - -

6.6 0.3 - - -

15.2 3.4 0.2 - -

11.0 7.5 0.3 - -

2.6 5.5 1.3 0.1 -

0.5 1.0 3.2 0.4 -

0.8 0.2 0.1 0.7 -

0.2 0.3 - 0.4

0.4 0.1

0.1

=

0.1

NOTE: AU blOOdpressrrres arethe, average of3 measurements. Cellvalues rounded, totals notadjustedto add to 100. Opercent.

43
Table4. Percent distribution of men 45-54 years of age, byspacified systolic anddiastolic blood pressures: United Sta@s,1977-1975

.

Diastolic blood prassure (mmHg)

—

1301

Under Total ~. 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100- 11o- 120-

109 119 129

and

over

—

Systolic blood

pressure (mm Hg)

Percent distribution

21.4 38.9 24.3

0.3

2.3

8.2

7.0

4.6

1.3

0.2

0.4

0.1

7.4 1.1 CI.6

————

0.4

().3

Total ................ ...... .......... ............ ...... 1Oo.c 0.2 3.2 2.8

Under 100 ..... .. ............ .... ...... .. .................... .......

100-1 09 ............................... ................ ...............

110-119 ...... .......................... ..............................

120.129 ......................................... .....................

130.139 ....... .. ...........................m.. .. .. .... ...... .. .......

140.149 ..................................... .. ...... .................

150-159. ............. ........ .. ........ ............ ..................

.160.169 ...... .. ...................... ........ .............. .. ..... ...

170.179 ... ... ....... ............... ........... .................... ...

180-189 ... .......................... .............. .. .................

190.199 ........ .... ........ ........ .. .. .................. ............

200 and over ...... ............... ............... ... ... ........... .

0.2

3.4

15.1

25.9

22.7

13.8

9.3

4.5

1.6

1.9

1.1

0.6

0.1

0.0

0.0

1.4

1,0

0.3

0.5

1.9

8.7

7.7

2.2

0.8

0.1

0.1

5.1

15.5

11.0

4.3

1.4

1.2

0.4

0.1

0.9

1.6

2.2

1.2

0.7

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.1

1,0

0.6

0.2

0.8

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.4

0.4

NOTE: All blood p~eaaures are the average of 3 measurements. Cell values rounded, totals not adjusted to add to 100.0 percent.

Table 5. Percent distribution of men 55-64 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States, 1971-1975

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHa)

Systolic blood

pressure (mmHg)

Percent distribution

22.4

0.1

0.4

3.9

6.8

6.0

2.9

1.8

0.3

0.4

0.1

23.4 35.9 0.1

0.1

0.2

————

ID.I

ID.I

-—

Total ........ ............ ........ ......................

Under 100 .. ............... ............. ................ ............

100-109. .............................................................

110-119. ........... ...... .. .............. ........ .......... ..........

120-129.. .................. .............................. ....... .....

130-139 .......................................... ................ ....

14@149 ................................ .............. ........ .. ......

150-159 ........ ........ ........................ .............. ........

160-168 .,.... .......... .... ............ ...................... ........

170179 ....................... .............. .. .................... ..-

180.1= ...... ........................................ .... ............

190.199 ... .................. .... .... .... ........................ .....

200-209 ........ .......... ........ .. .. .. .. ............ .. .. ........ ....

210 and over ... ...................... .. ............ ........ .......

4.0

—

0.2

0.8

1.5

0.3

0.6

0.0

0.5

100.0 0.4 10.5 3.1

0.2

4.5

9.2

17.2

19.8

17.8

14.7

7.1

5.7

1.8

0.6

0.9

0.4

0.1

0.4

0.7

0.7

0.4

0.1

0.8

0.4 3.3

6.4

7.4

3.9

1.8

0.1

0.2

0.2

1.2

9.2

11.2

7.4

4.7

1.4

0.7

0.1

0.1

1.7

2.9

2.0

2.4

1.2

0.2

0.2

NOTE: AU blood preamrrea are the average of 3 measurements. Cell values rormded, totals not adjusted to add to 100.0 percent.

44
Table 6. Parcent distribution of men 65-74 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States, 1971-1975

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Under 100- 11o- 120-

130

Total Go 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 ,*

119 129

and

over

Systolic blood

pressure (mmHg)

Percent distribution

27.2 35.2 19.9 7.9 1.4 0.3

_

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Total ..... ...... .......................... ............. 100.0 0.6

=

0.2

0.2

7.5

0.2

2.2

6.8

12.8

0.2

1.1

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.0

0.1

0.5

Under lW .... .................. ....................................

lmlw ....... ........ ............ .............. .................. ...

llwl19 ........................................... ...................

120-129.. ..... ........ .......... .................... .................

13@139 ......................... .......... .......................... .

14G149 ....... ........ ........................ .......................

15@159 ............................ ...................... .......... ..

16@169 ............... ...... .. .............................. ...... ...

17@179 ....... .............................. .................. .......

lm.lm ............................ .......... ........................

19@lw ..............m.............................m.................

mm ............. ........ .......................... .. .............

210-219. ... ......... ....................... .............. ............

m2m ..............................................................

230 and over ............................ ..........................

0.7

4.0

6.3

7.1

4.3

3.4

0.4

0.2

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.9

4.6

8.4

8.3

4.7

3.9

2.4

1.7

0.2

0.0

0.5

1.6

3.6

4.7

5.7

1.8

1.4

0.5

0.0

0.1

0.1

1.7

2.2

1.4

0.8

1.0

0.4

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.2

18.5

17.2

15.0

12.9

6.0

4.6

2.2

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.4

0.2

NOTE: All blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements. Cell values rounded, totals not adjusted to add to 100.0 percent.

Table 7. Percent distribution of women 25-34 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States,

1971-1975

Diastolic brood pressure (mmHg)

Under 100- 11o- 120-

130

Total ~ 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99

109 119 128

and

over

Systolic blood

prasture (mmHg)

Percent distribution

Totel .................................... 100.0 0.5 I 2.6 =4=4= 3.6 1.7

I

0.3 0.1

0.1 0.0

0.0 0.1

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1

0.1

Under 90 ..............................................

80-98 ......... .......................... ........ ........

100-108 ............................................. ..

ll@l19 ...... ...... ................................ ...

120-128 ............... .............................. ..

130-139 ...............................................

140-149 ... .......... ..................................

150-159 .... ......... ............................ .. ...

160-169 ...............................................

170-178 ............. ......... .........................

160 and over ............ .................. .... ......

0.1

5.7

23.6

36.1

21.8

7.5

3.8

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.4

0.0

0.1

1.0

1.0

0.4

0.1

3.7 0.6

10.5

19.3

10.6

1.9

0.1

0.7

6.8

9.2

4.1

1.4

0.2

11.4

9.6

0.9

0.1

1.1

1.3

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.1

1.4

0.3

I I

NOTE: .4Ublood pressures aretheaverage of3meaaurements. Cellvalues rounded, totals notadjuatedto addto 100. Opercent.

45
Table8. Percent distribution of women 3544 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United StatE!s,

1971-1975

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

—

Under 100- 11o- 120-

130

Total Go 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 ,m

119 129

and

over

—

Systolic blood

pressure (mm Hg)

Percent distribution

Total ......................... ........ .................

Under 100 .............. ........ ................ ................. ...

loo.lm..m .................... .................... ...... .......... .. .

llo.l19 ............... ..............m......... .......................

120.1m.: ................ ................ ...... ......m..... ..........

130.139 .................................. ........................ ....

140.149 ... ........ ... ........... .............. .................. .....

150-1 59 ....................... ................ ...m...................

160.169 ..............................................................

170.179 ............ .................... ................ .......... ....

180.189 ......... .... .................................... .............

190.199 ..... ...... .... ........ .............. .. .. .... .. ........ .......

200 and over ....... ........ .................................... ...

100.0 1.5 16.0 37.6 28.2 10.6 3.8 1.6 0.5 CI.2

4.8

18.6

28.8

22.3

13.2

4.9

3.1

1,9

1.6

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.6

0.8

0.1

0.1

3.2

7.9

2.8

1.4

0.3

0.3

1.0

8.7

18.5

6.5

2.3

0.4

0.2

1.6

4.2

1.9

1.8

0.9

0,1

0.5

0.7

0.3

0.1

0.0

,-

,-

C1.1

0.1

1.2

7.1

12.7

5.8

0.8

0.5

0.1

0.5

1.5

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.0

0.3

0.1

0.1

NOTE: M blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements. Cell values rounded, totals not adjusted to add to 100.0 percent.

Table 9. Percent distribution of women 45-54 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United Statl?s,

1971-1975

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) —

Under 100- 11o- 120-

13C)

Total ~. 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 ,@ 119 129

and

over

—

Systolic blood

pressure (mm Hg)

Percent distribution

33.1

0.3

4.1

12.2

9.4

4.6

1.6

0.6

0.1

0.1

36.6

0.2

3.6

11.5

11.5

5.8

2.4

1.0

0.4

0.1

14.8

0.4

0.2

0.5

3.1

5.3

2.7

1.1

1.1

0.1

0.1

Total .. ................ ........ .... .............. ......

Under 1~1 .... ...................... ........................ .......

100-1 w ......................... .... .................................

110-1 19 ........ .................................................... ..

120.129 ................................. ............ ........ .........

130.139 ............. .................. ...................... ........ .

140.149 ............. .................. ............................ ...

160159 ........... ...................................... ...... .......

16@169.: ............................ .. ...... ........ ........ ........

170179 ........... ...... ..... ........m..........m....................

180.1 W .............. .......................................... ......

190.199 .... ...........................................m..............

mo.2w ................. ...... .................. .... .............. ...

21 0.219 ..... .. ............................ ...........................

220 and over ............................... ................ .. .....

100.0 5.5

0.7

1.5

1.4

0.9

0.4

0.5

0.1

0.1

1.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.4

0.4

(1.3

—. ——

0.0

0.3

——

0.2

0.1

0.1

7.2

1.4

3.2

1.8

0.4

0.4

0.0

1.1

=

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.3

0.1

1.7

8.0

18.0

21.9

19.7

13.5

7.3

3.7

2.8

1.2

1.0

0.4

0.5

0.4

NOTE: AU blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements. Cell values rounded, totals not adjusted to add to 100.0 percent.

46
Table 10, Percent distribution of women 55-64 vears of age, bv specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: Unitad States,

i971-1975

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

Under 100- 11o- 120-

130

Total To 70-79 80-89 90-98 ,W 119 128

and

over

Systolic blood

pressure (mm Hg)

Percent distribution

Total ........................ .... .. .. .. ............ ...... .. .. .. ....... 0.2

Under 100. ..................................... ....... .. ...... ....................

100-109 ... .......... ................ .................... ..................... ..... .

110-119 ................ .............................. ..............................

120-129 ................................................ ............................

130-139. .................... ...... .................................... ....... ......

140-149 .............. ...... ................ .....n...... .......n............ .......-

150-159 ........... ........................ .................................. ......-

160-169 ............ .............. .......... .................. ......................

170-178 ..... ......... ............ .............................. ...................-

180-189 .............. ........................ ...... .......... ......................

190-189 ............ .............................................................. ..

200-208 ....................... .... ........ ..... ............... ........ .............

210-219 .......... .................. .............. ................................ ..

220-228 .......... .. .......... .......................... ....... ....................-

230 and over ... ................ ........ ............ ........ ...... ................

100.0 7.3 27.2 34.3 20.3 7.5 2.3 1.0

1.2

2.2

8.5

17.1

20.5

17.0

12.6

9.9

5.0

2.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

0.2

0.6

1.0

0.3

1.6

2.6

0.4

0.5

0.1

0.6

0.1

0.2

1.9

5.7

9.5

6.0

3.1

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.5

2.0

5.5

5.1

3.7

1.3

0.9

0.5

0.3

0.5

0.2

1.9

2.4

1.4

0.5

0.3

0.5

0.1

0.2

0.3

1.0

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.6

0.1

0.1

1.2

4.6

12.1

7.6

4.7

2.6

1.3

0.2

NOTE :

Table 11.

AU blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements. Cell values rounded, totals not adjusted to add to 100.0 percent.

Percent distribution of women 65-74 years of age, by specified systolic and diastolic blood pressures: United States,

1971-1975

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Under

130

Total

60

60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 :&- 11o- 120-

119 129

and

over

Systolic blood

pressure (mmHg)

Percent distribution

1.8 0.6

=

0.6

0.2

0.1

0.2

Total ....... .................... ....................... 100.0

0.3

1.1

1.5

10.4

18.8

19.0

15.2

12.8

7.1

6.0

3.8

2.1

0.7

0.8

0.3

0.2

0.4 4.8 26.1

0.3 - -

0.6 0.5

1.0

0.1 1.5 6.6

2.1 6.6

0.0 0.5 4.3

4.1

0.1 1.2

1.2

0.2

0.3

0.0

0.0

37.5 19.0 I 9.3

Under 100 ..................... ... .................. ................

lm.lw ... ........ ...........m....m......o...........................

llml19 ................................. .............. ...............

120.1x .............. ..... .............................. ...... .......

130139 ...... ................ .... ........ ........ ....................

140.149 ..... ................. ..... ................... .. ..............

lw159 ....... ............ .. ........ ...... ........ ...................

l@169 ...... .... .................... ................................

17G179 ...................... ........ ................................

lw.lw ........................... ........ ........ .............. .....

lw.lw .......m................ .............m.. ...m..................

m.2m ...... ...... ....... ... ....... .................. ...............

210.219 .............. ........ ...... ............ .. ...... .. ............

m.2m ...... ................ ............................ ............

B0.239 ....... .................... .. .............. .. .... ...... .......

240 and over ...... ........ ...... ...... ...... .............. ........ 1

0.1 -

0.6 0.2

3.6 0,3

4.2 0.4

4.8 1.4

1.9 2.3

2.1 2.1

1.1 1.3

0.3 1.1

0.2

0.2 0.1

‘0,0 -

.—

0.5

2.1

9.3

10.3

6.5

5.3

1.2

1.1

0.8

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

NOTE: AU blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements. Cell values rounded, totals not “adjusted to add to 100.0 percent.

47
Table 12. First sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by ege and sex–mean, standard deviation, and selected

percentiles: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975)

..

Blood pressure, age, and sex

Standard Percentile

Mean deviation

—

5ti’1 10th 25th 5oth 75th 90th 951h

—

Systolic Blood pressure (m’m Hg)

Both sexes, 25-74 years .......................

25-34 years .................. .................................... ....

3544 years ............. ..................................... ........

45-54 years ................ .......... ........ .......... ...... ......4.

55-64 years ............ ........ ................ ........ .... .... .. ....

65-74 years ................ ............ ............ ................ ..

Men, 25-74 years ........ ........................ .. ....

25-34 years ...... ................ ...... .............. .. ..............

35-44 years ............ ..............................................

45-54 Vears .................... ......................................

55-64 Vears ........................ .. .. .... ...... ........ .... ..... ...

65-74 years .................................... ...... ........ ........

Women, 25-74 years ............ ........ .............

25-34 years ........................... .......... .....................

3544 years ...................... .............. .. .................. ..

45-54 Vears ... ...................... .................................

55-64 years ......... ........................ .........................

65-74 years ............................. ........ ................ .....

Diastolic

131.0 22.2 100.0 108.0 116.0 128.0 142.0 160.0 170.0

100.0

I00.0

104.0

110.0

114.0

108.0

104.0

106.0

108.0

108.0

110.0

100.0

98.0

96.0

100.0

110.0

118.0

64.0

102.0

104.0

110.0

114.0

120.0

110.0

110.0

110.0

112.0

114.0

118.0

104.0

100.0

100.0

108.0

112.0

122.0

70.0

110.0

112.0

120.0

126.0

130,0

120.0

116.0

118.0

120.0

126.0

130.0

112.0

108.0

110.0

116.0

125.0

134.0

75.0

120.0

120.0

130.0

140.0

148.0

130.0

122.0

125.0

130.0

138.0

144.0

124.0

114.0

118,0

130.0

140.0

150.0

82.0

130.0

134.0

142,0

154.0

162.0

142.0

132.0

136.0

144.0

152.0

160.0

142.0

122.0

130.0

142.0

156.0

166.0

90.0

138.0

146.0

160.0

170.0

180.0

158.0

142.0

146.0

160.0

166.0

174.0

162.0

132.0

144.0

160.0

170.0

184.0

100.0

146.0

158.0

170.0

182.0

190.0

170.0

1510.0

156.0

170.0

174.0

1813.0

174.0

——

140.0

160.0

172.0

188.0

20CI.O

106.0

119.8

124.1

132.8

141.1

148.9

132.4

124.3

127.4

134.2

139.9

145,9

129.7

14.0

17.5

21.4

23.4

24.6

19.6

13.0

15.8

19.7

21.2

23.8

24.2

115.5

121.0

131.5

142.2

151.1

83.4

13.5

18.5

22.7

25.1

24.9

Both sexes, 25-74 years .................. .. ... 12.8

25-34 years ..................................... ...... .. ..... ........

3544 years ...... ........................ ................ .. ..........

45-54 years ............... ........ ........... ........................

55-64 years ................................... .... ...... .............

65-74 years ............................ .. ..... .......... ...........

Men, 25-74 years ............................ ..........

78.5

82.7

86.1

86.7

85.6

85.4

81.5

85.4

88.3

87.7

84.8

81.7

75.8

80.2

&.o

85.9

86.1

10.9

12.5

13.3

12.9

12.9

12.2

10.2

11.4

13.3

12.6

12.4

13.2

60.0

64.0

68.0

70.0

68.0

68.0

66.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

74.0

78.0

78.0

78.0

78.0

80.0

82.0

64.0

86.0

84.0

84.0

-

80;;

:$

88:0

84..0

80.0

85.0

90.0

92.0

84.0

84.0

92.0

92.0

98.0

102.0

102.0

100.0

100.0

98.0

104.0

110.0

11010

1 O&o

1060

88.0

92.0

96.0

96.0

94.0

80.0

84.0

100.0

104.0

104.0

100.0

98.0

100.0

105.0

112.0

110.0

106.0

105.0

25-34 years .. .......................... ..............................

3544 years .... .................................... ..................

45-54 years ........ .................... ...... .. ........ .... ...... ....

55-64 years ............................................ ..............

65-74 Vears ........................ ..................................

66.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

68.0

62.0

60.0

60.0

66.0

70.0

68.0

70.0

70.0

74.0

70.0

70,0

68.0

64.0

66.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

74.0

78.0

80.0

80.0

76.0

72.0

70.0

70.0

76.0

78.0

78.0

Women, 25-74 Vears ...... ...........................

25-34 years .................................................. ........

3544 years ................. ......... ... .............................

45-54 years .... .......................................... ......... ...

55-64 years ........................................ ........ ..........

65-74 years .................. ........................................

76.0

80.0

82.0

84.0

W.o

80.0

88.0

90.0

84.0

84.0

90.0

84.0

100.0

100.0

102.0

94.0

104.(3

108.0

110.0

110.0

10.9

12.9

13.0

13.1

13.2
Table 13. Recumbent systcdic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex–mean, standard deviation, and

selected percentiles: United Statas, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975)

Blood pressure, age, and sex

Systolic

Both sexes, 25-74 years ......................

25-34 years ........ .......................... ............ ............

354?-4 years .. ...... .............. .. ........ ..........................

45-54 years ...................................... .... .... ...........

55-64 yean .................................................... ......

65-74 years ...... ...... .. ...... .. ........ ............ .. ..............

Men, 25-74 years ................ ..... ................

25-34 years ............ .................... ....... ............... ....

3544 years ............ ...... ........ ................................

45.54 years ........ .. ........ .............................. ..........

55-64 years ...... .. .... ........ .... .... .... ............ ........ ......

65-74 years ....................... ..... ................ ..............

Women, 25-74 years ........................ ........

25-34 yaars .. ......................................... ............ ...

3544 years ...... .................... ....... .........................

45-54 years .................... ............. .........................

55-64 years ........................................................ ..

65-74 years ...................... ............ ................ ........

Diastolic

Both sexes, 25-74 years ..... .......... .. .. .. ..

2534 years ............... .................... ............ ...........

3544 years .............................. ............ ...... ..........

45-54 years ................... .............. .... .. ...................

55-64 years ..... .... ........................ ...................... ...

65-74 years ......... .................... .. .. ....... ..................

Men, 25-74 years ............. .... .......... ...... .....

25-34 years ................ ...................... .............. ......

3544 years ................. ........................... ..............

45-54 years ........................................ .... ...... ........

55-64 years.. .............. ...... ................ ...... ..............

65-74 years ...... .. ...... .............................. ............ ..

Women, 25-74 years .......... ...... .............. ...

25-34 yaars .......................... ........ ........................

3544 years.. ... ........................................... ..........

45-54 years ...................................................... ....

55-64 years ... .................................... ...................

65-74 years.. ......... ...... ...................... ............. .......

Standard Percentile

Mean deviation 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Blood pressure (mmHg)

133.3

121.4

125.6

135.1

143.9

163.0

134.3

125.7

128.9

135.9

142.3

149.5

132.3

117.4

122.6

134.4

145.3

155.6

80.6

75.2

79.1

83.2

84.6

84.1

81.8

77.1

~.8

84.9

85.3

83.2

79.5

73.4

77.5

81.7

84.0

84.8

22.8

14.3

17.9

21.6

23.2

25.2

20.4

13.4

16.2

20.4

22.1

23.8

24.7

14.0

18.8

22.7

24.1

25.9

12.6

10.6

12.1

12.4

12.7

12.9

12.3

10.4

11.8

12.6

12.7

12.1

12.8

10.6

12.2

12.0

12.7

13.3

104.0

100.0

1Oo.c

108.C

11 O.c

11 8-C

110.0

108.0

106.0

11 O.c

11 O.c

116.C

100.0

98.0

100.0

104.0

112.0

120.0

62.0

_

60.0

60.0

66.0

68.0

68.0

64.0

60.0

64.0

68.0

68.0

56.0

60.0

60.0

60.0

66.0

66.0

68.0

11O.C

104.a

lo4.a

110.C

116.a

124.0

112.0

110.0

110.0

114.0

116.0

120.a

106.0

100.0

102.0

11OJI

116.0

128a

66.0

62a

64.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

68.0

86.0

68.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

64.0

60.0

64.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

118.0

110.0

112.0

120.a

130.0

134.0

120.0

118.0

118.0

120.a

126a

132a

114.0

110.0

110.0

120.0

130.0

138.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

76.0

76.0

76.0

74.0

70.0

72.0

78.0

78.0

74.0

70.0

68.0

70.0

74.0

76.0

76.0

130.0

120.0

124.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

130.0

124.0

128.0

132.a

140.0

146.0

128.0

116.0

120.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

80.0

74.0

80.0

82.0

84.0

64.0

80.0

76.0

80.0

84.0

84.0

84.0

80.0

72.0

76.0

80.0

82.0

84.0

144.0

130.0

134.0

146.0

156.0

168.0

144.0

132.0

138.0

146.0

1!E4.O

164.0

146.0

124.0

130.0

.146.0

160.0

170.0

88.0

BO.O

66.0

90.0

92.0

90.0

80.0

84.0

8B.O

90.0

92.0

80.0

86.0

60.0

84.0

88.0

90.0

90.0

162.0

140.0

150.0

160.0

174.0

190.0

160.0

142.0

150.0

162.0

170.0

182.0

164.0

134.0

148.0

160.0

174.0

192.0

96.0

89.0

84.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

98.0

90.0

96.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

96.0

86.0

92.0

86.0

100.0

1m.o

176.0

146.0

158.0

176.0

186.0

200.0

172.0

150.0

158.0

176.0

184.0

190.0

180.0

140.0

160.0

178.0

190.0

204.0

102.0

—

84.0

100.0

104.0

108.0

106.0

104.0

84.0

100.0

10B.O

108.0

106:0

100.0

90.0

100.0

100.0

108.0

108.0

49
Table 14. Second sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex–mean, standard deviation, and

selected percentiles: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975)

=

Standard Percentile

Mean deviation

—

5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95tlh

—

Blood pressure, age, and sex

Systolic Blood pressure [mm Hg)

Both sexes, 25-74 years ....................... 21.B I04.0 110.0 118.0 12B.O 142,0 160.0 172.0

——

14,4.0

15B.O

17:2.0

1B13.O

19:2.0

170.0

150.0

158.0

170.0

1B(LO

186.0

174.0

132.0

121.1

124.7

134.2

141.5

150.0

133.4

125.3

128.1

135.7

140.7

146.7

130.7

100.0

100.0

108.0

I10,0

116.0

108.0

I06.0

104.0

110.0

I10.0

I 12.0

I00.0

104.0

104.0

110.0

118.0

122.0

112.0

110.0

110.0

116.0

116.0

120.0

106.0

112.0

112.0

120.0

124.0

132.0

120.0

118.0

118.0

120.0

124.0

130.0

114.0

120.0

122.0

130.0

140.0

148.0

130.0

124.0

126.0

132.0

140.0

144,0

126.0

130.0

134.0

144.0

154.0

164.0

144.0

134.0

136.0

146.0

154.0

160.0

142.0

140.0

146.0

160.0

170.0

182.0

160.0

142.0

150.0

160.0

170.0

176.0

162.0

25-34 years ........................................ ..................

3544 years ........ .................. .... .................. .. ...... ..

45-54 years ...... ............................................ .. ......

55-64 years ........................mm.. ........ .. ...... ..............

65-74 vears ...... ........................ .. ...................... ....

13.8

17.2

21.0

22.5

24.4

19.7

13.1

15.6

19.9

21.7

23.4

23.4

Men, 25-74 years ........ ........ .......... ............

I

25-34 years .................. ........ ............ .. .......... ........

3544 years .. .................... .... .. ...... ............ ............

45-54 years ...... .......... ........ .................. .... .. ...... ....

55-64 Vears ........ .......... ........ .................. ..............

65-74 years ...... .............. .................. ................ ....

Women, 25-74 years .......................... .......

2534 years ................. .........................................

3544 years ........ .................... .. .......... .... ........ ......

45-54 years ................... .................. .. .............. .....

55-64 years ............................. ............................ .

65-74 years ..... ...................... ........ .............. ........ .

124.0

130.0

142.0

156.0

168.0

90.0

86.0

90.0

92.0

94.0

92.0

92.0

132.0

144.0

160.0

170.0

18B.O

100.0

92.0

100,0

100.0

102.0

100.0

100.0

I 4al.o

158.0

172.0

184.0

198.0

117.2

121.6

132.8

142.2

152.5

83.8

78.9

63.4

B6.4

86.8

85.7

85.7

82.2

83.9

B8.7

87.7

85.0

82.0

13.2

17.9

21.8

23.2

24.8

12.5

98.0

9B.O

104.0

I12.0

I20.0

66.0

62.0

66.0

68.0

6B,0

68.0

68.0

100.0

102.0

110.0

118.0

126.0

70.0

66.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

110.0

110.0

120.0

124.0

136.0

76.0

116.0

120.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

82.0

Diastolic

Both sexes, 25-74 y~rs ........ .......... ..... lo&o ——

98.0

104.0

110.0

110.0

108.0

106.0

25-34 Vears ..... .. .... ............................................ .. .

3544 Vears .....m....................................................

45-54 Vears ............ ..........m..... ...... ............ ............

55-64 years .... .......................................... .. ..........

65-74 years .......................... ...... ..........................

80.0

82.0

86.0

86.0

B6.O

86.0

10.6

12.2

12.7

12.5

12.6

11.9

70.0

76.0

78.0

BO.O

78.0

78.0

76.0

78.0

80.0

80.0

76.0

74.0

Men, 25-74 years .......... .................. ...... ....

100.IIJ

10B.ID

110.0

110.0

106.0

104.()

25-34 years ............................... ... ........................

3544 Veals...; ... .... ............... ......................m...... ...

45-54 years ............ ........................................... ...

5564 years ........................m........ ........................ .

65-74 ~eam ................................. .......... .. ...... .......

10.1

11.2

12.B

12.3

12.3

12.7

66.0

70.0

70.0

70.0

66.0

64.0

70.0

72.0

74.0

74.0

70.0

68.0

80.0

86.0

88.0

88.0

84.0

80.0

88.0

92.0

96.0

84.0

92.0

90.0

96.0

100.0

104.0

104.0

100.0

Women, 25-74 Vears ............. .................... 98.0

88:0

96.0

100.0

100.0

102.0

25-34 yearn ................................................... .......

3544 years .......... ................ ........ .. ........ ......... .. ...

45-54 years ..................... .................. ...................

55-64 years ....................... .................... ..... ..........

65-74 years ................................. ...... ............ .......

75.9

81.1

84.3

86.0

86.2

10.3

12.7

12.3

12.7

12.8

60.0

64.0

68.0

68.0

68.0

64.0

68,0

70.a

70.0

70.a

70.0

72.0

76.0

78.0

78.0

76.0

80.0

B2.O

64.0

86.0

82.0

B8.O

90.0

84,0

84.0

94.()

102.[)

108.C)

11O.cl

108.cl + —.

50
Table 15. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of white adults 25-74 years, by age and sex–mean, standard deviation, standard error of

the mean, and selected percentiles: United States, 1971-1975

Blood pressure,

age, and sex

Systolic

Both sexes, 25-74 years ........

25-34 years ................. ..........................

3544 years ......................... ..................

45-54 years ....... ........ .. .............. ........ ....

55-64 years ............. ..............................

65-74 years ................. ..........................

Men, 25-74 years ...... .................

25-34 years .... .............................. .........

3544 years .. ........ ................................ .

45-64 years..., .... ...... .......... ................ .. .

5564 years .......... .......... .......... .... .........

65-74 years .. ........ ........ ................ .........

Women, 25-74 years ..................

25-34 years .......... ...... .................. .... .....

3544 years ......... ..................................

45-54 years ...... ........ ................ ...... .......

5564 years ..... ... ...................................

65-74 years ................ ...........................

Diastolic

Both sexes, 25-74 years ........

25-34 years ............... ................ .............

3544 years ... .. ........ ...................... ........

45-54 years ........ .............................. .....

55-64 years ... .. ........ ........................ ......

65-74 years ...........................................

Men, 25-74 years ......... ..... .........

25-34 years ........ ............ ........ .... ...........

3544 years ........................ ......... ..........

45+4 years .. .............. ...........................

55-W years .......... ........................ .........

65-74 years .. ...... ........ ...................... .....

Women, 25-74 years ..................

X-34 years .................................... .......

3544 years ............................. .... .... .. ....

4EA54 years..., .......................................

55-64 years ....... ........ ........ ...... ........ ......

,;

65-74 years .............................. .............

Mean Standard

Standdeviation

ard

error 5th 10th

I

25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Blood pressure (mmHg)

131.4 20.4 0.49 104.7 108.3 117.3 128.0 142.0 158.7 169.3

120.4

123.5

133.0

141.3

150.0

132.8

12.7

15.0

19.0

21.0

22.1

18.1

0.53

0.65

0.99

1.08

1.22

0.69

100.7

102.0

106.7

111.3

118.7

109.3

105.3

105.3

112.0

117.3

124.7

112.7

112.0

113.3

120.0

126.7

133.7

120.0

119.3

122.0

130.0

138.7

147.3

130.0

127.3

132.0

142.7

154.0

164.0

142.0

136.7

144.0

156.7

167.3

179.7

156.7

143.3

151.3

167.3

176.7

190.0

166.7

125.0

127.2

134.5

140.1

146.8

130.1

116.1

120.0

131.5

142.4

152.5

82.0

12.0

13.6

17.9

19.7

21.0

22.3

11.8

15.4

19,8

22.1

22.6

11.2

0.91

0.89

1.34

1.63

1.85

0.59

0.68

1.01

1.46

1.38

1.75

0.36

108.0

106.7

110.7

110.0

114.7

102.0

99.3

99.3

105.3

112.0

123.3

65.3

110.7

110.0

114.7

116.7

121.3

lm.o

102.7

102.7

109.3

118.7

128.0

68.7

117.3

117.3

122.3

125.7

132.0

114.7

108.7

109.7

118.0

126.7

136.7

74.7

123.3

126.7

131.3

138.7

146.0

125.3

115.3

117.3

129.3

138.7

148.7

81.3

131.3

134.3

144.0

152.0

160.0

142.3

122.7

126.7

142.0

156.3

166.7

88.7

141.0

144.7

157.3

165.3

171.3

160.7

130.7

139.3

156.7

168.0

163.3

96.0

148.0

152.0

166.0

174.7

183.3

172.0

136.7

151.3

168.0

179.3

195.3

102.0

77.1

80.7

84.5

85.4

84.7

83.7

9.4

10.4

11.3

11.3

11.2

10.6

0.44

0.58

0.65

0.65

0.60

0.44

62.7

64.7

68.0

68.7

68.3

68.0

65.3

68.0

72.0

72.0

71.3

71.3

71.3

73.3

77.3

78.0

76.7

76.7

76.7

80.0

83.3

&.o

64.0

82.7

80.0

82.0

85.7

&.7

83.3

79.3

82.7

66.7

90.0

92.7

91.3

90.0

85.3

88.7

93.0

92.0

90.7

86.7

88.7

94.0

98.3

100.0

99.3

97.3

91.3

95.7

100.7

100.0

98.7

94.7

93.3

98.7

105.3

105.3

104.7

102.7

96.0

100.0

107.3

107.3

103.3

101.0

80.0

83.1

86.8

86.1

64.0

80.4

8.9

9.8

11.4

10.8

11.1

11.4

0.61

0.76

0.87

0.78

0.99

0.48

66.7

68.0

70.7

70.0

67.3

64.0

69.3

71.3

73.3

73.3

70.7

67.3

74.0

76.0

79.3

78.0

76.0

72.7

74.4

78.4

82.5

84.8

85.3

9.1

10.5

10.9

11.6

11.3

0.58

0.78

0.86

0.85

0.97

61.3

63.3

66.7

68.0

69.3

63.3

66.0

70.7

70.7

72.0

68.7

71.3

75.3

76.7

77.3

74.0

78.0

81.3

83.3

M.o

80.0

83.3

88.0

92.7

91.3

84.7

90.7

95.3

99.3

100.7

89.3

98.3

103.3

105.3

104.7

NOTE: AU blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements.

51
Table 16. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of black adults 25-74 years, by age and sex–mean, standard deviation, standard error c~f

the mean, and selected percentiles: United States, 1971-1975

Blood pressure,

age, and sex

Standard

Stand- Percentile

Mean

deviation

ard

error 5th 1 10th I 25th I 50th 75th I 90th 95th

Systolic Blood pressure (mm Hg)

Both sexes, 25-74 years ........

25-34 years ...........................................

3544 years., .... .. .......... ................ .........

45-54 years ...................... ............ .........

55-64 years .............. .................... ........ .

65-74 years ....... ....... ........... ..................

Men, 25-74 years .......................

I 25-34 years ................................. ........ ..

35-44 years ................................. ..........

45-54 years ............. ..............................

55-64 years ....................... ....................

65-74 years ......... ...... ...................... ......

Women, 25-74 years ...... ...... ......

25-34 years ............................. .... ..........

3544 years.,..,..., ................... ...............

45-54 years .......................... .................

55-54 years .. ........... ...... ................ ........

65-74 years .. .........................................

Diastolic

Both sexes, 25-74 years ....... .

25-34 years ................. ..........................

35-44 years ......................................... ..

45-54 years .. ........ .. ................ .. .... .........

55-64 years ...... .....................................

65-74 years ....... ....................................

Men, 25-74 years .......................

25-34 years .............................. .............

3544 years ...........................................

45-54 years ..................m...............m........

55-64 years ................ ...........................

65-74 years ....................................... ....

Women, 25-74 years ........ ........ ..

25-34 years ......... ...................... ............

3544 years ......... ..................................

45-54 years ................................... .... ....

55-64 Vears ............m................m..m......m...

65-74 years ...........................................

138.8 26.2 1.46 106.7 110.0 121.3 132.7 152.0 174.7 190.0

124.4

134.7

143.5

151.9

156.1

140.0

14.9

22.4

26.8

26.3

31.7

23.7

2.03

3.95

3.30

3.56

6.30

2.44

101.3

105.3

109.3

113.3

113.3

I12.0

108.8

108.7

116,0

118.7

120.7

116.7

112.7

120,7

124.0

134.0

131.3

124.0

123.7

130.0

138.0

148.7

149.3

134.7

132.7

143.3

158.0

168.7

178.7

151.3

142.7

170.0

182.3

184.0

195.3

172.0

147.3

180.7

195.3

196,0

228.7

186,0

—-

146.7

185.0

190,0

186.0

208,0

195,3

2.70

5.33

5.47

4.75

8.92

1.96

113.3

115.7

116.0

126.0

118.7

106.7

121.3

124.7

122.7

137.3

131.3

‘117.3

125.7

132.0

138.0

149.3

148.0

130.7

134.7

144.0

158.3

168.0

180.7

152.0

140.7

172.0

176.7

777,3

192.7

178.7

127.9

136.5

142.6

152.7

153.4

137.8

11.4

20.5

25.6

23.3

31.1

27.9

110.7

108.7

I14.0

123.3

I13.3

102.7

11“0.0

120.0

124.0

129.3

134.0

78.0

73.3

80.0

82.0

83.3

78.7

80.0

121.7

133.4

144.2

151.3

158,1

88.3

81.6

90.3

91.3

92.6

69.2

89.9

16.6

23.7

27.9

28.6

32.0

14.6

11.6

14.5

14.8

14.7

15.4

14.4

2.93

4.64

4.64

5.27

7.57

0.87

1.64

2.51

1.81

2.22

2.64

1.42

99.3

101.3

IW.3

I10.0

I10.0

69.3

65.3

71.3

72.0

70.7

70.7

70.3

104.0

106.7

112.7

115.3

123.3

71.3

67.3

72.7

75.3

76.7

73.3

74.0

119.3

130.0

140.0

148.7

151.3

86.7

60.0

69.3

89.3

91.3

87.0

88.7

132.0

141.3

157.3

170.0

178.7

96.7

142.7

170.0

183.3

188.0

196.7

106.7

97,3

113.3

110.0

110.7

106.7

106.7

155,3

180.7

195.3

203.7

228.7

114.0

87,3

96.0

97.3

101.3

98.0

97.3

104.7

118.7

120.0

113.3

116.3

113.3

68.7

71.3

73.3

76.7

71.7

66.7

65.3

68.7

71.7

70.0

70.7

70.0

76.7

78.7

76.7

74.7

70.7

66.7

71.3

74.0

74.0

73.3

74.7

64.7

82.7

85.3

80.0

76.7

72.7

78.0

80.0

80.7

76.7

81.3

92.0

69.3

96.0

87.0

85.3

78.7

88.0

69.3

87.7

88.0

90.7

100.0

97.3

102.7

92.7

95.3

97.3

113.3

112.7

110.7

104.7

106.0

103.3

114.0

108.3

111.3

106.7

106.7

121.3

124,0

113.3

114.7

114.3

63.3

92.5

92.1

95.7

88.2

87.0

11.1

13.0

15.6

15.8

12.5

14.6

2.85

3.32

3.08

2.90

2.69

1.20

2.30

3.26

2.22

2.72

3.90

66.0

84.0

98.0

98.7

102.7

1W,,7

118,,7

118,,0

1113

1174,3

——

80.4

66.7

80.6

90.1

69.9

11.9

15.2

14.0

13.1

17.2

NOTE: AU blood pressures are the average of 3 mewkmenta.

52
Table 1 i’. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years of aoa. bv aeOqravhic region, race, and sex–means. s=ndard errOr Of means,

Blood pressure,

geographic region,

and race

SYSTOLIC

All racesl

Northeast .... ... . .... .... . . .. .. .

Midwest .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .

Ruth . .. ... .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .

West . .. . ... . ... . . ... . . ... . .... .....

White

Northeast ... .. .. .. . ... . . .. .. ....

Midwest ... .. .. .. . ... . .. ... .. .. ..

.smth ... ... ..... . .... .. .. . . .. .. .. .

west .. . ...... . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..... .. .

Black

Northeast .... .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .

Midwest ..... . .... . ... . .... .. ... .

Sough ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. ... . ... . .. ..

west ... .. ... ... ... . .. .. .... .... ....

DIASTOLIC

All racesl

Northeast, .. .. ... ... . .... .... . . .

Midwest ..... ... .. .. . .... .... .. ..

South. .. .... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ...

west... ... .. .. .. .... . .. . .... ..... .

White

Northeast ... . ... .. ... .. .... .. . ..

Midwsst .... . .. .. .... . .... .... . ..

South . ..... .... .... .. . ... ... ... . ..

West ... .... .... .. ... . ... .... . .... . .

Black

Northeast .... .. .. .. ..... .. . ... . .

Midwest ..... . .. .. .... .. .. .. ... . .

South ... .. . ... . . ... . .. .. .... ... .. .

West .. ... ... ... .. .... .. .. .. . ..... ..

standard deviations, and age-ad justed-m”-ris:- U;ited States, 1971-1975

Both sexes Men Women Age-adjusted mean

SrandStandard

StandStandard

StandMean Standard Both

ard Mean

deviation

ard Mean ard Men Women

deviation deviation sexes

error error error

133.7

130.4

134.4

130.2

133.3

130.0

133.0

129.8

I 30.7

135.1

140.9

138.2

82.7

82.2

64.0

81.7

82.1

81.8

B2.9

al.3

88.1

86.4

89.1

89.0

1.75

1.16

1.15

1.22

2.02

1.12

1.14

1.13

5.71

4.37

2.28

5.51

1.29

0.72

0.59

0.83

1.49

0.72

0.64

0.74

3.40

2.28

1.12

3.28

21.7

21.3

21.6

19.9

21.0

20.7

20.5

19.4

27.0

26.3

25.5

26.0

12.2

11.7

11.7

11.2

11.6

11.3

10.B

10.9

15.6

15.3

14.0

13.0

135.6

131.7

135.5

131.2

135.1

131.3

134.5

130.9

144.8

139.5

140.0

135.1

84.6

64.1

B5.7

83.0

S4.0

83.7

64.8

82.7

92.7

89.9

69.6

87.4

l,nc,ud~~ ~ther ~acial groups in addition to White ~d blmck.

NOTE: All blood pressures are the average Of 3 measurements

1.73

1.43

1.63

1.62

1.93

1.54

1.62

1.46

7.34

6.97

3.83

5.79

1.46

0.81

0.64

0.89

1.65

0.73

0.98

0.93

4.44

5.08

2.11

2.45

Blood pressure (mmHg)

20.5

17.3

19.4

17.5

19.7

16.5

18.3

17.3

27.2

24.4

23.0

10.9

12.0

10.9

11.2

10.4

11.3

10.2

10.6

10.3

17.1

16.7

12.9

10.4

131.9

129.3

133.5

129.3

131.5

128.8

131.6

128.7

135.3

131.9

141.9

141.0

60.9

80.5

82.6

80.4

80.3

80.2

81.3

79.9

65.7

63.8

88.7

90.5

2.00

1.72

1.31

1.38

2.36

1.76

1.25

1.48

22.36

4.42

3.42

6.73

1.31

1.01

0.77

0.97

1.52

1.08

O.w

0.91

14.02

2.43

1.93

5.00

22.5

24.3

23.3

21.8

22.0

23.9

22.0

21.0

26.2

27.2

27.6

30.7

12.0

12.2

11.9

11.7

11.6

12.0

10.7

11.2

14.1

13.6

15.1

14.8

133.2

131.0

133.9

130.5

132.9

130.6

132.4

130.0

138.5

135.4

140.6

140.7

82.5

82.4

83.9

81.6

81.9

62.0

62.B

61.3

=.2

86.4

88.2

=.6

135.9

131.9

135.3

131.7

135.4

131.4

134.5

131.4

143.6

139.6

139.3

135.9

S47

64.0

65.6

03.1

64.2

83.6

84.8

62.8

91.9

88.6

89.5

87.6

131.5

126.9

133.7

128.6

131.0

128.6

131.9

128.0

135.4

131.5

142.8

140.3

60.7

93.5

82.7

80.2

60.1

80.2

B1 .4

78.7

85.6

E3.6

88.8

80.3

53
Table 18. Sy’stoIic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years of age, by population density of area Qf residence, race, and sex–means,

Blood pressure,

population density of

area of residence,

and race

SYSTOLIC

All racesl

Urban areas–1 million

persons or more .... ... ..

Urbsn areas–less than

1 million persons . .

Urban not in

urbanized areas ..... .... ..

Rural areas .. .. ... .... .. .. .. .. ..

White

Urban areas–1 million

persons or more .. . .. . . ..

Urban areas-less than

1 million persons . .... ..

Urban not in

urban!zed areas . . ... . ... .

Rural areas .... .... .... .... .. .. .

Black

Urban areas–1 million

persons or more .. ...

Urban areas–less than

1 million persons ... .. .. .

Urban not in

urbanized areas . . . ..

Rural areas .. . .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . .

DIASTOLIC

All races]

Urban areas–1 million

persons or more ..... .. .. .

Urban areas–less than

1 million persons . . ..

Urban not in

urbanized areas ... .. . .... .

Rural areas ... ... .. . .... .... ... .

White

Urban areas–1 million

persons or more .. .. . ....

Urban areas–less than

1 million persons . . . .. .

Urban not in

urbanized areas . .. ... .. ..

Rural areas .. .... ... .... .. .. . ...

81ack

Urban areas–1 million

persons or more .. .. .. . ...

Urban areas-less than

1 million persons .... . .. .

Urban not in

urbanized areas .. .. .... .. .

Rural areas ... .. ... . .. ... ... . . ..

standard deviations, and age-adjusted means: United Srates, 1971-1975

Both sexes Men Women Age-adjusted mean

StandStandard

.StandStandard

StandMean ard Mean a rd Mean

Standard Both

deviation deviation

ard Men Wclmen

deviation sexes

error error error

130.6

132.6

132.4

132.8

129.8

132.0

132.1

132.0

137.3

138.0

135.6

145.8

82.2

82.5

82.3

83.2

81.3

81.7

82.0

82.8

87,6

88.9

85.5

90.9

1,40

1.31

1.33

0.96

1.40

1.36

1.37

0.84

2.81

2.7B

4.46

3.91

0.88

1.00

0.86

0.42

1.06

1.06

0.66

0.39

1.11

1.79

3.24

1.64

21.6

21.3

20.9

20.8

20.4

20,7

20.7

20.0

26.4

25.1

23.7

27.5

21.6

21.3

11.4

11.3

11.2

11.5

11.1

10.9

15.1

13.0

13.6

15.7

132.0

134.4

132.9

134.2

131.2

134.1

132.3

133.4

139.9

136.8

138.6

146.5

83.8

64.6

64.1

64.6

83.0

64.0

83.6

84.2

90.5

89.5

87.4

91.3

1.24

1,44

1.71

1.27

1.15

1.48

1.76

1.20

4.55

.3.38

8.35

6.31

1.12

0.92

1.08

0.59

1.18

1.18

1.12

0.59

2.56

1.95

5.10

3.57

Blood pressure (mmHg)

18.3

19.2

19.0

18.7

16.7

19.4

18.0

18.0

25.8

17.3

25.6

25.3

18.3

19.2

10.7

11.0

9.9

11.4

10.3

10.7

16.5

10.9

13.1

14.8

129.6

131.0

132.0

131.6

128.4

130.1

132.0

130.8

135.6

139.0

132.5

145.1

80.7

60.6

80.7

82.0

79.8

79.7

80.5

81.5

85.8

88.3

83.5

90.5

2.03

1.59

1.89

1.23

2.40

1.67

1.97

1.08

3.15

4.40

7.06

6.60

0.85

1.23

1.03

0.67

1.17

1.17

1.06

0.64

1.32

2.99

3.71

3.89

24.2

22.9

22.6

22.3

23.4

21.7

22.8

21.6

26.6

30.4

21.1

29.2

24.2

22.9

11.9

11.4

12.1

11.2

11.6

10.9

73.8

14.6

13.9

16.5

131.3

132.8

131.7

132.6

130.3

132.1

131.3

131.9

137.6

138.2

135.7

145.7

82.3

82.6

82.1

83.1

81.4

81.8

81.8

B2.O

87.7

88.6

85.3

91.9

32.3

34.7

32.5

33,9

31.5

34.3

31.8

33.3

40.9

37.1

38.8

45.1

83.8

64.7

83.9

64.6

83.0

84.1

83.4

64.3

90.4

89.3

86.1

92.1

130.4

131.0

131.0

131.5

129.1

130.0

130.7

130.8

135.4

138,9

133.9

146.0

80.8

80.6

80.5

82.0

79.8

79.8

80.3

81.5

85.8

88.1

84.4

91.6

l[ncludes other racial WOUPSin addition to white and black.

NOTE: All blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements.

64
Table 19. Systolic and diastolic blood !xessure of adults 25-74 years of age. by annual familv income, r=e, and sex–means, standard errOr Of means,

Blood pressure,

annual family Income,

and race

SYSTOLIC

All racesl

Less than $3,000 .. .. .. .. .. .

Less than $5,000 ... .. .. .. ..

$5.000 -$9,999 . .. .. .. .. ... . ..

$10,000 or more . .... .... . ..

White

Less than $3,000 ... . .. .. . ..

Less than $5,000 .... .. .. . ..

$5,000-$9 ,999 .. .. .. .. .... .. .

$10,000 or more . ... . .... . ..

Black

Less than $3,000 .... .. .. .. .

Less Than $5,000 .... ... . ...

$5,mo-$9,999 ....... .... . . ..

$10,000 or more .... . . .. .. ..

DIASTOLIC

All racesl

Less Than $3,000 .. .. .. .. ...

Less than $5,000 . . .. .. .. .. .

$5,000-$9,999 . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

$10,000 or more .... .. ... ...

White

Less than $3,0110 ... . .. .. ...

Less than $5,000 .... .... . ..

$5,030-.59,999 .. .. ... . .. .. .. .

$10,000 or more .... .. ... . ..

Black

Less than $3,000 .. .. .. .. .. .

Less than $5,000 ... .. .. .. ..

$5,000-$9,999 ... .. .. .. .. .. ..

$10,000 or more ............

standard deviations, and age-adjusted means: United States, 1971-1975

1

Both sexes JI Men Women

I 1 1

I

Stand- 1

Standard II I

Stand- 1

Standard I I

StandMean a rd Mean a rd Mean I

Standard

a rd

deviation daviation

arrar

deviation

error error

142.4

140.8

132.7

128.4

142.2

140.4

132.2

128.1

144.2

142.9

137.3

134.4

86.1

85.4

82.5

B1.7

85.4

64.5

al.7

81.4

8B.8

B9.4

88.5

88.1

1.80

1.34

0.86

0.56

1.95

1.38

0.96

0.57

3.99

3.07

2.41

2.78

0.80

0.66

0.59

0.47

0.99

0.74

0.62

0.47

2.05

1.45

1.52

1.88

25.5

24.8

21.3

18.6

24.1

23.6

20.9

18.1

29.4

28.6

23.2

25.7

13.6

12.9

11.5

11.2

72.7

11.9

11.1

10.9

15.8

15.6

12.8

15.2

140.0

139.9

134.1

131.4

139.1

139.3

133.3

131.2

144.7

143.7

141.8

134.8

86.8

85.9

64.0

84.1

68.0

64.9

83.1

63.8

80.3

90.4

91.3

8B.1

llncludes other raciaf groups in addition to white and black.

2.61

7.81

1.10

0.77

2.67

2.04

1.05

0.78

5.99

3.89

4.28

3.84

1.38

0.96

0.62

0.63

1.63

1.07

0.65

0.62

3.39

2.25

2.09

2.90

Blood pressure (mmHg)

23.1

22.6

18.7

17.2

21.6

21.7

1 B.1

16.7

26.2

25.5

21.0

24.5

13.1

12.9

10.6

10.9

12.6

12.2

10.0

10.5

14.0

14.6

11.9

16.5

143.6

141.3

131.5

125.2

743.7

141.0

131.2

124.8

144.0

142.5

133.6

133.8

85.7

85.1

81.2

79.0

85.1

64.2

80.5

78.8

88.0

88.8

86.2

83.5

2.38

1.78

1.18

0.74

2.71

1.79

1.35

0.76

4.93

4.10

3.65

5.52

1.03

0.82

0.80

0.56

1.21

0.91

0.64

0.57

2.32

1.86

2.40

2.33

26.7

25.9

23.3

19.5

25.1

24.6

23.1

18.9

31.0

30.2

24.3

27.3

13.9

12.9

12.2

10.9

12.7

11.7

11.B

10.7

16.7

16.1

13.2

12.8

Age-adjusted mean

EEIE

136.0

135.9

132.2

130.9

134.6

134.4

137.4

130.7

139.9

140.8

137.6

136.4

84.9

84.9

82.5

82.1

83.9

B3.5

81.6

81.9

87.7

89.2

88.2

86.6

135.2

136.2

133.5

132.9

133.9

135.1

13Z5

132.8

140.2

141.0

142.1

136.2

86.0

B5.7

84.1

84.2

64.9

84.6

83.2

64.0

89.5

90.1

91.1

88.7

136.7

136.0

131.1

128.8

135.1

134.2

130.4

12B.6

140.4

141.1

133.9

134.9

64.5

64.4

81.2

. 79.8

83.6

83.0

80.3

79.7

87.1

88.7

85.8

83.2

NOTE: All blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements.

55
Table 20. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years of ege, by education, race, and sex–means, stendard error of means, standard

deviations, and age-adjusted means: United States, 1971-1975

Blood pressure,

education,

and race

SYSTOLIC

All races 1

Less than 5 years ... .. .. ..

5-8 years .. ... ... ... . .... . ... . . ..

9-12 years .... . .... . ... . .. .. .. ..

13 years or more .... . .... . ..

White

Lass than 5 years ... ... ... . .

5-8 years ... ... ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. .

9-12 years . .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. . ..

13 years or more .. .. . . .. .. ..

Black

Less than 5 years .. . . .. .. .. .

5-8 years .... .. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. ..

9-12 years .. ... .. .. . ... .. .. .. ..

13 vears or more . .... .. ... . .

DIASTOLIC

All racesl

Less than 5 vears .. . . . .. ..

5-8 Veals .... .... .. ... .. ... .... . .

9-12 Vears . .. .. .. . .. ... .. .. . ..

13 Veara or more .. ... .... .. .

White

-

Less than 5 vears ... .. . ... ..

5-6 years . .... .. ... .. . .. .. .. .. ...

8-12 Veals ... .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. ...

13 years or more ... ... .... ..

❑lack

Leaa than 5 years .... ... . . ..

5-8 veals .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ....

9-12 years .. .. . . .... . ... .. .. .. ..

13 vears or more . ... . .. . ... .

Bath sexes Men Women Age-adjusted mean

StandStandard

StandStandardStandMean a rd Mean ard Mean Standard Both

deviation devietion

ard Men Women

error error

deviation

error

sexes

Blood pressurs (mmHg)

146.7

140.1

130.7

127.5

142.7

139.6

130.4

127.3

155.0

144.2

134.2

132.8

68.4

85.7

82.0

81.0

85.6

85.0

B1 .5

80.8

94.2

90.1

87.1

64.8

3.14

1.27

0.61

0.76

2.88

1.39

0.82

0.78

5.64

4.03

2.06

3.16

1.64

0.67

0.51

0.57

1.75

0.76

0.54

0.57

2.69

1.93

1.30

2.40

25.5

23.6

20.4

IB.1

22.0

22.6

20.0

17.8

2B.4

28.9

23.5

22.0

13.6

12.6

11.5

10.5

12.1

11.B

11.1

10.4

14.9

16.0

14.0

12.3

147.4

138.0

133.1

129.3

146.1

137.2

132.7

129.3

1EJ3.4

144.1

137.6

132.2

89.4

86.1

84.2

82.8

88.1

85.1

83.7

82.6

92.6

92.4

88.1

85.7

4.04

1.19

0.78

1.OB

3.91

1.35

0.75

1.09

8.17

4.80

3.38

4.59

2.00

0.68

0.59

0.81

2.32

0.82

0.61

0.85

3.53

3.02

2.16

3.54

24.4

20.1

18.3

16.4

22.3

18.7

17.9

16.3

2B.5

26.3

21.6

17.7

13.5

11.9

11.0

10.2

12.7

10.9

10.5

10.2

14.6

15.7

14.2

11.6

146.1

142.3

129.0

125.3

138.7

142.2

128.7

124.8

159.7

144.2

132.3

133.5

B7.3

85.3

80.4

78.8

82.8

84.9

79.8

78.5

95.9

87.9

85.9

83.8

4.34

2.24

0.85

1.19

3.45

2.56

0.85

1.16

7.92

5.14

2.76

5.70

2.24

1.09

0.64

0.74

2.13

1.22

0.66

0.74

4.00

2.28

1.76

3.32

26.7

26.6

21.6

19.8

22.8

25.8

21.2

19.2

27.4

31.1

24.4

25.7

13.6

13.3

11.6

10.5

10.6

12.7

11.2

10.2

14.9

16.0

13.7

12.9

138.8

133.9

131.9

130.1

133.9

133.2

131.4

128.9

152.8

138.0

137.3

136.9

86.6

84.2

82.1

82.0

83.5

63.6

81.6

81.7

95.4

87.9

87.3

86.9

139.2

133.9

133.8

131.6

136,9

133.1

133.3

131.6

105.2

139.3

141.4

136.2

86.7

65.2

84.2

83.6

87.1

M.4

83.7

83.4

66.9

89.9

89.7

87.5

139.5

133.8

130.5

127.9

131.9

133.2

130.0

127.5

157.8

136.5

134.7

135.9

85.8

63.2

80.7

79.8

80.8

82.7

80.1

79.5

96.8

85.9

85.8

85,1

——

l~~ude~ other ractiI groups in addition to white and black.

NOTE: M blood pressures are the average of 3 mesaurements.

56
Table 21. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 years with definite hypertension, by race, age, and sex with

standard errors and age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975)

All racesl White Black

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

Rate

per

100

adults

Rate

per

100

adults

Rata

par

100

adults

Age and sex

Both sexes, 25-74 years .... .... .............

25-34 years ........ .............. .......... ............ ...........

3544 years ....... ................ ........m................. ......

45-54 years .................m.....................................

5$64 years .......................................................

65-74 years ...... .......... ..... ... .................... .... .......

Men, 25-74 years .... .......... ......................

25-34 years ................. .................... ........ ..........

3544 years .......... .................................. ......... ..

45-54 years .............. ........................................ .

55-64 yaars ................................ .......................

65-74 yaars ........ ...... .................................... .. ...

Women, 25-74 years ...............................

25-34 years ........ .............. .. .......... .... .............. ...

3544 years ................ ........ ........ .......................

45-54 years ................. ........ .............. ................

55-64 years ................ ...................................... .

65-74 years ... .............. .. I................................. ..

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. ........ ......................

Men, 25-74 years..........................................

Women, 25-74 years.....................................

18.0

5.7

12.5

20.1

28.6

34.2

19.7

0.84

1.01

1.85

1.75

2.23

2.64

1.35

19,184

1,620

2,790

4,747

5,538

4,486

9,959

16.4 0.86

0.86

1.74

1.74

2.40

2.79

1.37

15,568

1,191

2,003

3,806

4,625

3,943

8,211

32.1 2.54

5.73

7.51

7.06

7.05

7.08

5.33

3,425

429

703

904

863

527

1,656

4.8

10.2

18.1

26.4

33.7

18.1

*14.1

%?8.1

38.3

51.5

45.0

35.3

8.2

16.3

23.9

28.0

31.8

16.5

*3.4

9.0

16.6

29.2

36.0

1.70

2.85

2.87

2.73

4.14

1.06

1.34

2.05

2.06

3.05

3.46

. . .

. . .

. . .

1,120

1,757

2,703

2,571

1,808

9,226

500

1,033

2,037

2,967

2,668

. . .

. . .

. . .

7.5

14.0

22.6

25.2

30.8

14.8

2.2

●6.6

13.9

27.6

34.9

16.3

18.1

14.6

1.70

2.89

2.64

2.78

4.35

1.10

0.90

1.93

2.14

3.39

3.85

. . .

. . .

. . .

907

1.340

2,285

2,099

1,579

7,358

284

664

1,521

2,525

2,364

. . .

. . .

. . .

●16.4

●36.3

●36.7

58.6

++43.3

28.7

●12,4

*23.B

39.7

45.6

46.3

33.2

35.8

31.2

8.26

13.38

12.03

8.15

11.17

3.52

7.75

7.67

8.50

11.06

8.48

. . .

. . .

. . .

213

372

402

450

218

1.770

216

331

501

413

308

. . .

. . .

. . .

l~n~ude5 other ~ac~ ~OUpS h addition to white ~d black.

NOTE: AU bloo d pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measruements.

57
Table 22. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 years with diastolic blood pressure of 105 mmHg or more, by race,

age, and sex with standard errors and age-edjusted rates: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975)

n ,, ----- 1 White Black

Rate

per

100

adults

3tandard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

Standard

error

of

rata

0.50

Population

in

thousands

3,615

172

569

1,118

1,137

618

1,925

Standard

error

of

rate

2.24

4.53

5.29

4.72

6.27

4.57

3.18

PclpuIation

in

thousands

——

‘1,275

————

209

312

306

294

154

583

——

83

130

142

166

61

692

Rate

per

100

adults

12.0

*6.9

●12.9

*13.O

*17.6

*13.2

*12.4

Rata

per

100

]dults

Age and sex

Both sexes, 25-74 years .........................

25-34 years ........................... ...... ..........................

3544 years .................. ................................... F.....

45-54 years ..... ................................................... ...

55-64 years ................ ...........................................

65-74 years ........ ........ ................................. ..........

Men, 25-74 years ............................ ............

25-34 years ........................ ............................ .......

3544 years ........................................... ...... ..........

45-54 years ........ ......a. ............ .... .... .......................

55-64 years ........ .... .... ........ .... ............ ...................

65-74 years .............. .......... .... ...... ...... ...................

Women, 25-74 years ................ ...................

25-34 years ............ ........... ................. ......... ..........

35-44 yaars ..... ............................................ ..........

45-54 years ............ .. .............................................

55-64 years ........... .. ........ ........ ................ .... ..........

65-74 years ..................................... ......................

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes, 25-74 years ....................................

Men, 25-74 veam ..... .................... ...... ...............

Women, 25-74 years ... .... .. .. .............. ................

4.6 0.51 4,904 3.8

*1.3

‘4.0

6.1

7.4

5.9

5.0

●1.4

*4.O

7.5

8.0

*5.6

4.3

0,56

1.03

1.20

1.35

1.07

0.70

0.70

1.29

1.79

1.91

1.79

0.62

381

881

1,427

1,434

781

2,521

191

429

346

734

321

2,383

189

452

581

699

461

. . .

. . .

. . .

*0.7

2.9

5.3

6.5

5.2

4.2

0.28

0.82

1.20

1.35

1.03

0.71

*6.4

‘12.7

*13.O

*21 .5

*12.2

11.6

*7.2

+13.0

*13.O

*14.2

●13.9

12.2

12.6

11.8

5.40

7.46

7.46

8.32

6.18

3.31

“0.9

+3.1

‘6.9

*6.8

*4.9

3.4

*0.5

*2.7

*3.8

*6.2

*5.4

3.8

4.2

3.4

0.49

1,14

1.7B

1.96

1.84

0.57

0.28

1.18

1.20

1.79

1.35

. . .

. . .

. . .

108

289

701

566

250

1,690

64

270

417

571

368

. . .

. . .

. . .

125

181

164

129

93

. . .

,..

. . .

——

+1.3

*3.9

*4.7

*6.9

6.2

0.82

1.53

1.19

1.74

1.33

. . .

. . .

. . .

6.55

6.74

5.33

8.20

5.44

. . .

,,.

. . .

lJncludes other racial groups in addition to white and black.

NOTE; All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

58
Table 23. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 years with borderline hypertension, by race, age, and sex with

standard errors and age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975)

All racesl White Black

Rate

per

100

adults

Population

in

thousands

16,386

1,739

2,215

4,084

4,443

3,886

8,514

1,238

1,368

2,111

2,208

1,589

7,872

501

847

J

1,983

2,234

2,307

. . .

. . .

. . .

Standard

error

of

rate

0.89

1.34

1.93

1.92

2.14

2.58

1.47

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

Smndard

error

of

rate

0.79

1.28

1.68

1.86

1.90

2.39

1.33

Population

in

thousands

18,257

2,077

2,710

4,571

4,757

4,143

9,394

Rate

per

100

adults

17.3

Rate

per

100

adults

16.7

●1O.8

●19.7

●18.6

18.7

●19.2

17.6

Age and sex

Both sexes, 25-74 years ............. . ....... 1.98 1,781

25-34 years ................. .... ............ ..................... .

3544 years ................. ........................ ............-

45-54 years ............... ................ ...... ..................

55-64 years .......................................................

65-74 years ....................... .... ............................

Men, 25-74 years ... ....... .. ...................... .

25-34 years .................... ............................ .......

3544 years ...... .... ...................... .............. .........

45-54 yeare ............. .................................. ........

55-64 years ........m............... ......................... .... ..

65-74 years .......................................................

Women, 25-74 years ....... ........ ................

25-34 years .............. .. .. .............. .............. ........ .

35-44 years ...... .................................................

45-54 years .......................... .................... .........

55-64 years ......... ........ ........ .. .........m...... ............

65-74 years .... .... .. .................. ...................... .....

Age-adjusted values:

Both saxes, 25-74 years ................................

Men, 25-74 years .............................. ............

Women, 25-74 years ....................... .. ....... .....

17.1

7.3

12.2

19.4

24.6

31.5

18.6

10.7

14.6

20.6

25.6

29.8

15.8

7.0

11.3

19.4

25.4

32.7

18.8

4.32

5.10

‘ 4.97

4.67

5.09

3.98

327

476

439

314

225

828

10.2

14.3

20.8

26.5

31.0

15.9

2.43

3.44

2.82

3.37

4.03

1.17

*1 6.8

●17.4

*19.1

*18.3

●16.0

16.0

*6.3

*21 .3

●18.2

*19.1

●21 .6

16.9

17.6

16.4

8.52

9.74

6.84

7.64

6.82

2.85

3.69

8.06

7.34

B.07

6.24

. . .

. . .

. . .

218

179

209

141

81

964

109

297

230

173

144

. . .

. . .

. . .

2.38

2.91

2.69

3.07

3.86

1.08

1,467

1#566

2320

2,350

1,692

8,863

1.13

2.16

2.76

2.25

3.33

. . .

. . .

. . .

609

1,144

2,251

2,407

2,451

. . .

. . .

. . .

●3.9

*8.5

18.2

24.4

34.0

17.2

18.7

15.7

1.11

2.43

2.96

2.s4

3.59

. . .

. . .

. . .

‘4.2

9.9

18.4

23.7

32.8

l~~ude~ other ~aci~ *oUPS in addition to white and black.

NOTE: AU blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

59
Table 24. Percent and estimated number of adults 25-74 years never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with definite hypertension,

by race, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -Sept. 1975)

All racasl White Black

Percent of

idults with

definite

hypertension

51.1

58.3

59.1

54.8

46.5

46.7

59.5

55.7

70.7

58.0

54.5

61.0

41.7

Standard

error

of

Xercent

2.57

11.81

7.65

5.59

4.33

4.10

3.64

~Opu -

ation

in

thOusands

7,953

694

1,183

2,086

2,148

1,841

4,885

Percent of

idults with

definite

hyperStandard

error

of

Jercent

>Opu -

ation

in

thOusands

Percent of

;dults with

definite

hypertension

49.0

55.9

52.2

53.5

44.2

45.6

56.7

56.7

60.5

56.5

50.8

59.0

40.6

Standard

error

of

percent

2.28

10.11

7.67

4.79

4.02

3.88

3.09

12.35

9.28

6.08

6.94

6.62

3.46

10pu -

ati on

in

thouwsds

3,393

905

1,455

2,535

2,448

2,049

5,651

635

1,063

1,581

1,306

1,067

3,742

Age and sex

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... .. . . .. .. . ... ..

25-34 vears .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. ... . ... .. ... ..

3544 yeaB ... .. .. .. . ... . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. ... .. . ... . ... .

45.54 yearn .. ... .. .. .... . .. .. . ... ... .. ..h.. .. .. .. ... . . .... .. .. .

55-64 veara .. . .... . . .. .. . .... . .. ... ... .. . . .. .. . .... . .. ... . ... ..

65-74 years .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .... . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. ..

Men. 25-74 years . .. .. .. .. . ... .... .. .. . ... .. .. . . .

25-34 vears .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

35-44 years .. . . .... . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .... . .. . . .. . .... . .. ... . .. ..

45-54 years .. .. . ... . .... . .... . . .. .. . ... .. . .... . . . ... . .. . ... .. . .

55-64 vears .. ... .. . ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. . ... . . .... .. ... .

65-74 years .. . .. ... . .... . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .

Women, 25-74 years ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. . . .. ..

25-34 years . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. ... ... . ... .

3544 years . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. ... .. ..

45-54 years ... .. .. .... .. .... .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .... .. .

55-64 years ... . .. .. ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .... .. ... . .. . .. . .. .

65-74 years . .... .. .. . . ... . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . ... .. .. .... .. .

Age-adjusted values:

8oth sexes, 25-74 years .. . .. .... .. .. . . .. .. .. . .. . .. .

Men, 25-74 years ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . .. . .. ... .. .. .. .. . ..

Women, 25-74 years ... .... .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

41.6

“49.2

‘37.0

49.7

34.5

*39.3

46.0

6,.30

22.44

16.96

10.35

8.69

10.30

10.18

1,424

211

260

449

297

207

762

13.36

9.35

7.07

7.78

7.06

3.81

505

947

1,325

1,144

964

3,068

“60.7

●31.2

*63.5

●3 5.4

●46.6

37.4

30.44

25.17

16.21

16.74

17.98

7.51

129

116

256

159

102

662

●54.1

●38.O

46.6

38.5

36.6

19.21

9.56

6.38

5.70

5.00

. .

. . .

. .

270

393

954

1,142

983

. . .

. . .

.-. .

●66.5

●35.7

50.0

39.8

37.1

5’1.4

59.6

42.2

22.75

12,05

7.98

6.38

5.32

. . .

. . .

. . .

168

237

760

1,004

877

. . .

. . .

. . .

“37.8

“43.5

*38.6

●33.4

*34.1

41.0

47.2

36.1

32.S6

21.62

12.14

13.63

12.68

. . .

. . .

. . .

82

144

193

138

105

. . .

. .

. . .

llncludes ~ther ~ac~l =OUPS in addition to white and black.

NOTE: Nlblood pressures onwhich hypertensive status iabased methe average of 3 measurements.

w
Table 25. Percent and estimated number of adults 25-74 years never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with diastolic blood

pressure of 105 mmHg or more, by race, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975 (Apr.

1971-Sept. 1975)

All races] II White Black

POpu - Percent of

Iation adults with

in diastolic

thou- pressure

sands 105 mmHg+

1,788 3s.1

167 ●47.3

310 ‘40.3

572 ‘40.2

437 ●33.3

279 ‘38,3

967 41.7

74 ●57.3

188 “46.9

373 “42 .0

198 ‘30.8

156 ●52.8

799 33.8

Population

in

thousands

Percent of

adu Its with

diastolic

pressure

105 mmHg+

Standard

error

of

percenr

Population

in

thousmds

Percent of

adults with

diastolic

pressure

105 mmHg+

Standard

error

of

percent

Standard

error

of

percent

Age and sex

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. .. .... .. .

25-34 years .. .. .. .. . . ... .. ... . .... .. .... . .... . .. .. .. . ....

35-44 years .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . ... ..

45-54 years .. ... .... . .. ... ... .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. . . .. ... . .. ..

55-64 years .. ... ... . .. .... . .. .. . .. ... .... . .... . ... .. .. . ..

65-74 years .. .... .. ... . .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. . ... .. .. ... . .. .

Men, 25-74 years ..........................

25-34 years ..............................................

3544 yearn..............................................

45-54 years ... .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . .... . .... ... . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .

55-S4 yeas ..............................................

65-74 Veam..............................................

Women, 25-74 years .....................

25-34 years ..............................................

3544 years ..............................................

45-54 year5 .. .. . .... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .... .. . .. .. .... .

55-64 years..............................................

65-74 \.ears ..............................................

Age-adjusted values:

Both sexes, 25-74 years ......................

Men, 25-74 years ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... . ... .. .. .

Women, 25-74 years .. .... . ... .. .. .... .. .. .. ...

36.0 5.07 5.93 1,376 30.6 9.27 390

●43.8

“35.2

40.1

‘30.5

●35.8

38.3

●38.8

‘38.6

“44.1

●26.9

‘48.5

33.5

20.40

11.50

9.33

8.12

9.32

7.25

24.58

1s.12

13.22

9.95

16.17

6.71

22.79

16.59

10.79

9.83

10.85

8.71

30.49

23.11

15.11

14.08

18.62

7.96

81

229

&9

379

237

804

62

140

295

175

132

572

‘40.9

●25.8

●40.1

“20.0

‘27.5

“28.0

●14.s

●19.6

●55.2

●13.9

‘38.4

●32.8

35.50

20.90

13.66

13.92

16.02

11.78

43.61

33.03

28.23

16.08

26.19

14.08

85

81

123

59

42

163

12

26

78

23

24

227

“48.8

●31 .9

“34.3

+34.3

●26.9

35.51

13.59

12.96

14.10

11.94

. . .

. .

. . .

92 ‘30.5

144 +33.0

199 ●37.1

240 ‘35.7

124 *28.5

. . . 38.4

34.47

25.08

18.06

17.53

14.10

. . .

. . .

. . .

20

89

155

204

105

. . .

. . .

. .

●58.2

*30.3

●27.1

’27.9

*20.3

29.7

31.9

=.1

50.03

25.76

16.56

31.26

19.30

. . .

. . .

. . .

73

55

45

36

19

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

II 42.1

. . . 33.7

I1nclude~ other racial ~OLIPS in addition to white and blackNOTE: Allblood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

61
Table 26, Percent and estimated number of adults 25-74 years never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with bordt!rline

hypertension, by rece, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United states, 1971-1975 (Apr. 1971 -SePt. 1975)

All races 1 White Black ——

Population

in

thousends

5tandard I

error

of

)ercent

2.60

6.6B

6.17

4.57

4.81

4.14

3.61

8.70

9.57

5.25

6.65

6.98

3.62

9.51

8.95

7.22

5.94

6.73

. .

. .

.,.

Percent of

idults with

borderline

hypertension

Sranderd

error

of

Percent of

Idults with

borderline

hypertension

69.0

80.3

71.7

73.5

67.7

58.2

76.4

Standerd

error

of

]ercent

pODU - ‘ercent of

)dults with

Population

in

thousands

Age and sex

in

thOusandshypertension >ercent

2.61

7.27

6.99

3.97

4.50

4.15

3.45

2598

1,666

1,944

3,358

3,220

2,410

7,174

70.1

82.3

78.0

73.7

68.1

5B.B

77.5

1,489

1,431

1,726

3,016

3,026

2,289

6,599

58.6

●69.9

*41 .6

69.2

●61 .5

‘53.6

66.2

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. ... .. ... .. .. . . 7.58 I ,044

25-34 years .. ... .. . ... . .. .. .. .. ... . .... .. . .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. ... .

3544 years ... .... . ... .. . .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... ... . .. .. ... .. . ... ..

45-54 years ... . .. .. .. .. .... .. ... . .. .. . .. ... . .. .. . .. ... . ... ... .

55-64 years . ... . ... .. .. .. .... ... . .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. . . ... . ... ..

65-74 years . ... .. .... .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. ... . .. .. .

Men, 25-74 years .. .... . .... . .. .. . .... ... . ... . ..

25-34 years . .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .. .... .. . .. .. .. ... ... ... . .. .. ..

35-44 years ... .. ... ... ... .. . . ... . .. .. . .... . .. .... ... . .. ..... . .

45-54 years .... .. .. . ... . ... .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. .. .... .. .

55-&$ years ... . .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. ..... .. ... .... ...

65-74 years ... ... .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .... . .. .. . .. ... ... .. ... .

Women, 25-74 years ... ... . . .... . .. .. .. .. . .. . .

25-34 years ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . ... . ... .. .. . .. . ... . .... . .... . .. .

3544 years .. .. . ... .... .. .. .. . . .... .... .... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .

45-54 years ... .. ... .... .... .. . .... . .... .. .. ... ... .. .. . . ... . .. .

55-64 years ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . ..

65-74 years ... .. . .... . .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .... .. ... . ..

Age-edjuated values:

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .... ..

Men, 2574 years .. .. .. .. .... ... . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .

Women, 25-74 years ... .. ... .. ... .. .... . .. ... . .. .. .

18.71

17.40

16.50

18.15

16.21

10.72

25.82

36.09

24.53

19.64

13.93

11.60

229

198

304

193

121

W8

.—

164

80

116

105

61

496

——

45

llB

186

66

60

. . .

. .

. . .

81.6

64.1

79.2

73.4

72.1

62.1

1,011

1,150

1,672

1,621

1,146

4,680

84.3

“44.9

●56.4

“74.6

75.3

52.0

81.9

79.8

77.2

73.5

71.3

61.2

8.48

9.68

5.21

6.56

6.36

3.45

1,202

1,250

1,790

1,726

1,207

5,423

420

577

1,344

1,405

1,143

. . .

. . .

. . .

‘40.9

‘39;6

80.8

*50.9

●4I .4

59.6

66.6

53.7

29.48

24.47

20.37

26.50

24.16

. . .

. . .

. . .

76.2

60.7

69.7

62.0

49.1

9.87

9.42

6.65

5.45

7.02

. .

,..

. .

465

694

1,566

1,493

1,203

. .

.

. . .

83.9

68.1

67.8

62.9

49.6

70.4

77.7

62.6

l~nc,ude~ other ~ac~] ~rWJPSin addition to white and b~ck.

NOTE: AU blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements

62
Table 27. Prevalence rates and estimated population with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline

hypertension among adults 25-74 years, by geographic region, age, and sex with standard errors and aga+djusted ratas: United States,

1971-1975

h

Norrheast Midwast South

Standard

error

of

rate

west

Rata

per

lm

adult!

Standard

error

of

rata

Population

in

thmdsands

Rate

per

100

adults

Rate

per

100

adults

Standard

arror

of

rate

Popu.

Iation

in

Standard

error

of

rate

Rate

per

100

adults

Condition, aga, and sex Iation

in

thousands

in

thOusandsthousands

De finita hypertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years... 19.8 1.99 4.062

●6.4

13.2

“21 .7

30.7

36.9

23.4

16.6

19.4

23.0

16.0

‘4.5

2.8

3.4

6.0

“6.0

●4.6

●5.9

●3.3

4.4

5.8

3.2

17.4

2.04

2.0;

3.04

5.83

4.31

6.46

1.91

2.80

. . .

. .

. . .

1.20

1.26

1.5a

3.27

2.99

1.54

1.89

0.64

. .

. . .

. . .

2.27

5,117

397

737

1,310

1,475

l,19a

2,85fl

2,259

. .

. . .

. . .

1,168

175

192

361

281

149

715

453

. . .

. .

. . .

4,489

17.C

●3.E

+11.1

22.1

30.7

30.:

18.C

16.1

17.C

78.:

16.[

4.7

+0.2

3.4

+7.3

*9.5

●6.4

●4J

●4.7

4.5

4.:

4-~

16.1

2.00

1.74

4.16

2.51

5.95

5,11

2.37

2.58

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.07

0.24

1.98

1.97

3.01

2.46

1.23

1.40

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.51

4,664

293

&19

1,314

1,497

912

2.367

2,298

. . .

. . .

. . .

1,296

12

186

436

461

189

624

673

. . .

. .

. . .

4,411

21.0

9.1

I 7.a

19.7

29.9

38.5

23.4

18.9

20.5

22a

1.s.7

5.9

●2.7

*6.O

+7.3

=7.5

●7.6

*5.E

●6.C

5.9

5.a

6.0

19.0

1.84

2.80

3.10

3.14

3.57

4.53

2.81

1.97

. . .

. . .

. . .

0.9s

1.88

2.27

2.46

2.26

2.35

1.54

1.41

. . .

. . .

. .

1.70

5.341

608

826

1.074

1,437

1,396

2,773

2,568

. . .

. . .

1.507

160

281

399

362

276

686

819

. . .

. . .

. . .

4,634

14.5

“4.2

“9.6

17.1

23.3

28.8

14.6

14.4

14.8

15.1

14.4

●3 .3

*0.2

●3.3

●3a

*6.6

●5 .0

+3.7

●3 .0

3.4

3.9

3.0

16.1

322

578

1,042

1,129

991

1,961

2,102

. . .

. . .

. . .

932

25-34 years .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. . ... . . .. .. . ..

3544 years .......................... ..........

45-54 years .. .. ... . ..... . .... . .... . .. .. .. ... . ..

55-64 years ..... . .. ... .. ... .... .. .. .. .. . .. .. . ..

65-74 years .... .. . ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ..

1.51

4.45

2.85

4.13

6.05

2.99

2.31

. . .

. . .

. . .

0.97

0.16

2.64

1.72

2.57

2.24

1.27

1.15

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.27

2.12

3.62

3.35

3.63

5.31

2.51

1.99

. . .

. . .

. . .

Men, 25-74 years . .. .. .... . . .... ..

Women, 25-74 years ............

Age-adjusted rates:

Both sexes, 25-74 years . ... ... ... . ..

Men, 2!5-74 years ..... . . .. .. .... ... .. ...

Women, 25-74 years . .. .. . . .. .. .... .. .

Diastolic pressure of

105 mmHa or more

Both sexes, 25-74 years...

14

201

230

320

167

494

43a

. . .

. . .

. . .

4,523

559

578

1,171

1,245

970

2,375

2,148

. . .

. . .

. . .

25-34 years .. .. . .... ... .. ... .. .. .. . .... . .. .. . ..

3544 years ... .... .. .... . .. ... .. .. . .... . .... .. .

45-54 years ... ..... . .... . .... ... .. . .. . .. .. .. ...

55-64 years . .. . .... .. .. .... .. .. ... . ... . .. .. . . ..

65-74 years .. . ... .. .. . .. . .. .. ... .. .... . .... . . ..

Men, 25-74 years ... . .... ... .. . ...

Women, 25-74 years ... .. .. .. ...

Age-adjusted rates:

Both saxes, 25-74 years ... ... . .. . ...

Men, 25-74 years .... . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .

Women, 25-74 years .... . .... . ... .. . ..

Borderline hypertension

Both saxes, 25-74 years ... .. ...

503

641

1,321

I .335

I ,033

2,517

2,317

. . .

. . .

. . .

“7.2

‘9.6

19.2

25.6

29.2

77.7

14.7

16.4

18.1

14.7

25-34 years .... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. . .... . .. ..

35-44 years .. . ... . ... .. ... ... .. .. .... . .... . ....

45-54 Veers ..... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ...

55-64 years .. ... .... .. .. ... . .. .. . ... .. .. ... ... .

65-74 years ... ... ... .. . .... . .... ... ... .. .. .. ...

●6.1

●13.4

20.3

21.7

33.8

17.0

17.7

17.0

16.8

17.2

2.88

4.19

3.95

3.65

6.03

3.28

2.89

. . .

. . .

. . .

378

746

1,226

I ,043

I ,087

!,062

!,408

. . .

. . .

. . .

“8.2

‘1 2.7

14.3

23.3

35.3

78.5

13.9

16.6

19.0

14.5

2.68

3.52

2.81

4.87

4.52

3.10

1.55

. . .

. . .

. . .

637

745

853

1,134

1,@12

2,421

1,990

. . .

. . .

. . .

“7.6

13.2

24.3

27.7

28.5

21.3

17.1

18.7

20.6

17.0

2.56

2.54

4.92

3.81

4.16

2.37

2.67

. . .

. . .

. . .

Men, 25-74 years ... ... . .. .. .. .. ..

Womm, 25-74 years ... ... .. ... .

Aga-adjusmd rates:

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. ... .... . ...

Men, 26-74 years ... .. ... . .. .. .. ... .. ...

Women, 25-74 years .... . .... .. .. .. ...

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is baaed are the average of 3 measurements.

63
Table 28. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with definite hypertension,

diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline hypertension, by geographic region and sex “with standard errors and

ax-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975

Condition and sex

Definite hypertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years ............

Men, 25-74 years ... .. .......... .......................

Women, 25-74 years ................ .. ...............

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexas ...........................................

Men ... .......... ...... .......... ........................

Women ....... .........................................

Diasto}ic pressure

105 mmHg or more

Both sexes, 25-74 years ......... ...

Men, 25-74 years ......... ...... .. .. ................ ...

Women, 25-74 years ............. ...................

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes .... .......................... ............

Men ................... .. ................................

Women ......... ...... .................................

Borderline hypertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years ............

Men, 25-74 years ....... ........................... ....

Women, 25-74 years .................. ...............

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes ...........................................

Men ............................... ......................

Women ................................... .............

Northeast

Percent

of

adults

47.5

58.1

34.1

47.5

58.2

33.8

31.6

*31.1

*32.4

31.7

30.7

30.4

71.4

80.5

63.5

72.2

80.8

64.2

Standard

error

of

percant

4.38

4.83

7.25

.

. .

. .

9.01

12.92

15.58

. .

. .

. .

5.61

5.69

8.10

. . .

.

. .

Midwest

Percent

of

adults

49.2

52.8

45.4

49.0

54.2

44.6

*34.7

*37.6

*3 I .9

32.2

35.6

30.5

71.4

80.7

60.2

70.4

79.3

59.6

Standard

error

of

percent

6.36

8.59

7.51

. . .

. . .

. .

12.44

18.47

12.02

. .

. .

. . .

4.36

6.53

6.12

. . .

. .

,..

South

Percent

of

adults

49.2

60.7

36.?

49.4

61.7

35.7

40.2

“50.2

*31.7

39.9

49.7

30.9

67.1

72.9

60.9

66.4

71.5

59.6

Standard

error

of

percent

4.71

7.36

8.49

. .

. . .

. . .

7.79

15.17

13.08

. .

. .

. . .

4.97

7.24

8.12

. . .

. . .

.

Percent

of

adults

50.3

53.9

46.9

50.4

54.5

46.8

*36.6

+33 .2

*40.6

37.7

34.7

40.0

66.2

72.0

59.8

66.4

71.0

60.8

West

—-

Standard

error

Clf

percent

——

3.72

5.26

5.90

. . .

. . .

. . .

10.62 ————

13.59

15.94

. . .

. . .

. . .

6.91

7.98

7.66

. .

. . .

. . .

NOTE: AU blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

64
Table 29. %vzlmca rates and esumated population wilh definite hypertension, diastolic pressura of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline

h!;pertension among adulm 25-74 years, by population density of area of residence, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted rates:

Lhitcd Statesr 1971-1975

Urban areas

Urban not in

urbanized area

Rural area

Lessthan

1,000,000 persons

1,000,000 pers5ns

or mare

Rate

per

100

Rate

per

100

adults

Population

in

thou-

~nds

Rate

per

100

~duIts

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

m

thousands

Standard

error

of

rate

Standard

error

of

rate

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

Rate

per

100

adu Its

Iation

in

thou-

~nds

De fm]te hvnmtension

Both sexes, 25.74 ,/ears... 2.52 5,417

505

813

1,494

1,565

,,039

2,912

2,5C-4

.

.,.

. . .

1,360

113

222

349

472

204

631

729

.

. .

.

$,897

18.9

“5.5

*16,0

18.4

31.9

36.5

20.7

17.3

19.1

21.1

17.3

4.9

“0.7

●6.5

*7.2

*6.4

*5,3

5.7

4.2

5.0

5.8

4.2

17.0

2.18 5,344

432

927

1,154

1,461

1,369

2,781

2,563

. . .

. .

. . .

1,379

16.7

‘4.1

●8.O

+19.4

“27.2

32.5

17.0

16.5

16.0

16.5

15.6

‘3.9

2.25

2.14

3.32

5.02

8.64

5.60

3.44

2.98

. . .

. . .

. .

1.25

0.73

1.36

2.40

4.39

3.04

1.72

1.75

. . .

. . .

. .

2.60

3.22

4.30

4.41

8.05

5.98

3.87

3.10

. . .

. . .

. . .

2,215

135

211

554

687

629

1,034

1,131

. . .

. . .

. . .

518

31

40

135

186

125

245

273

.

. . .

. . .

2,592

272

365

563

765

627

1,426

1,165

. . .

. . .

. . .

18.6

*6.4

12.2

21.7

27.0

36.1

20.7

16.8

18.4

20.6

16.8

4.9

●2.1

*3.5

*6.9

●7.7

*6.2

5.8

4.2

4.9

5.8

4.2

17.9

%’.7

‘11.2

21.3

26.2

30.9

18.2

17.6

17.6

17.8

17.4

1.55

2.23

2.65

2.42

4.26

4.84

2.17

2.08

. . .

. .

. . .

0.78

1.45

1.54

1.90

2.13

1.73

1.31

0.92

. . .

. .

. . .

1.36

2.01

2.80

3.59

3.51

3.al

2.09

1.87

. . .

. . .

. . .

6,209

548

838

1,538

1,825

1,459

3,182

3,027

. . .

. . .

. . .

1,647

180

241

493

481

252

885

762

. . .

. . .

. . .

5,958

664

768

1,508

1,768

1,249

2,792

3,165

. . .

. . .

-..

●5.9

‘11.6

20.4

28.6

30.5

18.9

15,3

17,4

19.1

15,8

*4.3

*1.3

*3.2

●4.8

*8.6

‘6.0

●4.1

*4.5

4.4

4.1

4.6

15.4

1.76

5.67

2.88

6.71

5.64

3.34

2.68

. . .

. .

.

1.12

1.25

1.74

2.03

3.16

2.78

1.19

1.46

. . .

.

1.45

2.02

4.41

4.47

4.36

4.84

2.48

2.66

. .

.

1.18

0.56

3.17

2.80

2.53

1.67

1.32

1.43

. . .

. .

. .

1.23

!Jen, 25-74 years .................

Women, 25-74 years ......... ...

:,~a.~cljusted ratm:

Bmh sexes, 25.74 year. .............

P,lzn, 25-74 ‘#ears,......................

i’dctmen,25-74 years ............... ...

Diastolic prassure tJf

105 mmHg or more

8oth sexes, 25-74 years,..

56

379

449

295

200

761

618

. .

$,810

661

818

i ,238

I ,037

1,056

?,790

?,020

. . .

. . .

. . .

●1.0

“1.5

‘4.7

*7.3

●6.5

●3.8

‘4.0

3.7

3.7

3.8

19.5

‘8.3

●13.7

19.7

“30.3

32.4

22.3

17.0

18.9

21.8

16.2

Men, 25-74 years .................

Women, 25-74 years ....... ...

ASs-adJustsdrates:

Bath sexes, 25-74 Veers.............

r.kn, 25-7.? ymrs..., ...................

!.-JGmen, 25.74 ,;ears ..................

Borderline h,;pwtensian

Both sexes, 25-74 years...

25-34 years ....... ...... .. .................. ...

~~~ years....................................

. .

.:4-54 years ....................................

5%64 years ....................................

W3-74 years ....................................

*5.6

●10.8

17.2

21.6

35.5

15.5

15.4

15.9

15.8

15.9

2.30

3.20

3.50

3.18

4,46

2.32

2.35

. . .

. . .

. . .

*8.4

*14.1

19.7

22.7

28.1

20.7

13.6

17.1

20.9

13.6

480

759

1,261

1,186

1,211

?,385

?,512

. .

. . .

. . .

2.63

4.11

3.53

4.12

4.07

2.53

1.95

. . .

. . .

. . .

Men, 25-74 years .................

Women, 25-74 years ........... .

A:c-adjusted rates,

%th senesr 25.74 years . ............

F.lEm,25-74 years .......................

LVamen, 25-74 years ..................

hlOTE: ,4U bkmd pressures an v.hmh hypertensive status is based me tbe avemge of 3 mmsurements.

65
“

Table 30. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with definite

hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mm Hg or more, and horderline hypertension, by population density of area of rasiclence

and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975

Condition and sex

Definite hypetiension

Both sexes, 25-74 years .... ........

Men, 25-74 years .................................. ....

Women, 25-74 years ........................ .........

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes ...........................................

Man ................. .. ........ ........ .. .. ..............

Women ................................................

Diastolic pressure

105 mmHg or more

Both saxes, 25-74 years ......... ...

Men, 25-74 years .................................... ..

Women, 25-74 years ................... ........ ......

Aga-edjusted percents:

Both sexes ............ ...... ............ .... .........

Men ............ .................. ........ ........ .......

Women ........ .......................... ..............

Borderline hypertension

Both saxes, 25-74 years ... ........ .

Men, 25-74 years .................... .. ................

Women, 25-74 years ............... ...... ............

Age-adjusted percants:

Both saxes .................. ............ .............

Men ...... ........ .......................................

Woman ................................. ............ ...

Urban areas

1,000,000 persons

or more

Percent

of

adults

48.8

60.6

35.0

48.5

61.0

34.4

35.6

‘39.0

*32.6

36.3

37.9

33.5

66.1

71.7

60.8

66.5

71,4

62.3

Standard

error

of

percent

4.84

6.27

7.06

. . .

. . .

. . .

16.39

20.45

15.58

. . .

. . .

. . .

4.56

7.25

6.06

. . .

. . .

. . .

Less than

1,000,000 parsons

Percent

of

adults

46.8

52.1

41.1

47.3

52.1

41.8

38.5

*43.2

‘32.7

40.7

48.3

32.9

68.4

74.5

60.0

67.8

73.2

60.0

mdard

rror

of

rcent

3.81

4.93

8.18

. . .

. . .

. . .

6.59

13.41

13.90

. . .

. . .

. . .

6.27

6.95

7.08

. . .

. . .

,..

Percent

of

adults

46.4

51.6

41.4

46.5

51.4

38.5

*34.3

*34.7

*33 .9

30.8

31.4

25.3

70.3

78.1

60.6

71.3

78.9

62.8

Standard

error

of

percent

7.04

9.23

10.18

. . .

. . .

. . .

10,71

20.08

18.21

. . .

. . .

. . .

7.10

9.46

7.14

.,.

. . .

. . .

~

Rural area

Percant

of

adults

51.9

59.0

44.4

52.0

58.9

44.0

34.8

*34.7

*34.9

34.6

37.8

32.8

71.3

81.3

62.4

71,0

81.5

60.6

——

Standard

errcr

of

percent

3.76

————

5.32

4.99

. . .

. . .

. . .

8.22

.———

‘10.1 8

‘12.31

. . .

. . .

. . .

3.39

————

3.94

7.00,

. . .

. . .

. . .

——

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

66
Table 31. Prevalence rates and estimated population with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline

hypertension among adults 25-74 years, by annual family income, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted rates: United States,

1971-1975

Less than $3,000 Less than $5,000 $5JY30-$9,999 $10,000 or more

Rate

per

lao

adults

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

7,090

708

1.338

2,497

1 ,s09

738

4,647

2,443

. . .

. .

. . .

1,606

142

358

723

340

123

1,157

529

. . .

. . .

. . .

7,723

Population

in

thOueands

Standard

error

of

rate

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

Standard Rate

per

100

Rate

per

100

adults

Rate

per

100

]dults

13.8

Iation

in

thousands

Condition, age, and sex

error

of

rate

1.23

1.41

2.48

2.13

3.08

7.05

2.01

7.17

. . .

. . .

. . .

0.59

0.58

0.94

1.20

1.52

2.99

0.91

0.57

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.16

Definite hvgettension

Both sexes, 25-74 years... 32.1

3.3

“27 .4

30.3

41.8

39.8

31.8

32.2

25.7

27.5

25.0

9.7

3.43

3.22

8.12

7.21

6.58

5.12

5.45

4.27

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.66

2,970

43

324

413

1,038

1,152

1,010

1,960

. .

. . .

. .

698

29.6 2.19 5,963 18.1 1.41 5,560

●7.1

“22.5

29.1

41.5

37.3

29.2

29.8

25.0

26.4

24.4

8.4

3.70

5.42

4.49

4.65

4.77

3.34

2.72

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.18

268

515

969

1,960

2,250

2,128

3,634

. .

. .

. .

1,69E

*7.4

15.3

17.3

27.0

31.9

19.9

16.5

17.8

19.7

16.2

4.4

2.15

3.52

3.36

4.15

3.75

635

882

1,096

1,577

1,410

2,887

2,693

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.359

●4.7

●9.9

19.5

22.9

34.9

17.2

10.0

16.0

18.8

13.0

3.3

“0.9

●2.6

5.7

*4.3

●5.8

“4.3

●2.2

3.5

4.3

2.7

15.0

25-34 vears .. ... . . ... . . .. .. ... .. .. .. . . .... . . ..

3544 years ... . . ... .... .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .

45-54 years .... . .. . ... . .. . . .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .

55-64 years .. . .. .. ... .. ... . ... .. .. .. .. . . .. .. ...

65-74 years ..... ... .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .

2.31

2.11

Men, 25-74 years ... .. ... . .. .. .. ... .. . ..

Women, 25-74 years ... .. .. .. . .... . ...

Age-sdjusted rates:

Both sexes, 25-74 years .... . . .... . . .

Men, 25-74 years . .. . .. ... . ... .. .. . .. . ..

Women, 25-74 years . ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .

. . .

. . .

. . .

Diastolic pressure of

105 mmHg or more

8oth sexes, 25-74 years... 0.90

25-34 years .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. ... ... . . .. .. .. .

3544 years ... .. .. . .. .. .. . ... ... . .. .. . . .. .. .. ..

45-54 years .. .. .. ... . ... .. . .. ... . .. .. . ... .. . . ..

55-64 years .... ... .. . ... .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. ... . . ..

65-74 years .. .. .. . ... . ... .. .. .... .. .. .. . .. .. . ..

‘0.8

+14.7

“9.9

*1O.8

‘10.7

●6.9

10.1

8.7

8.0

9.5

22.1

1.26

7.64

3.89

3.78

3.11

2.88

2.10

. . .

. . .

. . .

3.24

11

174

135

260

309

281

617

. . .

. . .

. .

!.044

‘3.0

●1O.5

‘9.6

●12.6

7.0

8.3

8.5

0.3

8.4

0.3

20.9

●7.6

‘14.1

28.7

17.4

30.3

20.2

21.3

17.2

15.5

16.0

2.06

4.44

2.75

3.24

1.68

2.03

1.42

. . .

. . .

. . .

2.23

3.46

4.05

6.90

3.37

3.92

2.94

2.83

. . .

. . .

. . .

112

240

328

596

421

607

I ,080

. . .

. . .

. . .

1,215

280

322

956

822

1,827

I ,471

!,744

. . .

. . .

. . .

●1 .5

‘4.8

●4.6

7.8

4.9

4.5

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.4

17.4

●6.5

‘1O.5

18.6

28.3

30.0

18.5

16.5

17.0

1 B.o

16.2

0.79

2.25

1.96

2.16

1.96

126

270

291

453

219

651

708

. . .

. . .

. . .

;,375

557

594

1,187

I ,708

I ,326

?,685

?,690

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.31

1.40

Men, 25-74 years .. ... .. .. . .. .. . ..

Women, 25-74 years ... . .. .. . . . .

Age-adjusted rates:

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. . .. ... . . ...

Men, 25-74 years .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. ... . . ..

Women, 25-74 years .. . .. ... .. .. .. . . ..

. . .

. . .

. . .

Borderline hwertension

BoIh sexes, 25-74 years... 1.48

25-34 years ... . . .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . . . .

354-4 years ... . .. ... ... . ... .. . ... .. .. .. . .. . . .. .

45-54 years ... .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. ...

5564 years ... . ... .. .. . ..... ... . . ... .. .. .. .. ...

65-74 years ... . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

●5.2

17.8

‘27.9

“19.9

30.7

20.0

23.1

18.6

17.8

19.2

3.59

6.63

7.42

5.07

4.91

4.38

4.24

. . .

. . .

. . .

69

211

381

495

666

635

I ,409

. . .

. . .

. . .

2.34

2.82

3.44

3.61

4.03

7.7

11.8

17.5

25.1

35.9

18.0

11.8

17.3

19.2

15.2

1.01

2.31

2.18

3.18

5.66

1.71

1.49

. . .

. . .

. . .

1,151

1,601

2,232

1,979

760

4X42

2,881

. . .

. . .

. . .

Men, 25-74 years .. .. . . .... .. . . .. .

Women, 25-74 years ... .. .. . . .. .

2.24

1.92

Age-adjusted rates:

Both sexes, 2574 years . .. .. .. .. ....

Men, 25-74 years ... .. .. .. .. . ... . ... ... .

Women, 25-74 years . .. .. . . .... . .. . ...

. . .

. . .

. . .

NOTE: AU blood pressures ms which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurement.

67
Table 32. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with dl?finite

hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline hypertension, by annual family income and sex with

standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975

Condition and sex

Definite hvoertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... .........

Men, 25-74 years ...... ................ ...... ..........

Women, 25-74 years ... .............. .. ............ ..

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes .... ........ ...... .. ........ ...............

Men .............................. .............. .........

Women ................ .............. .... ............ ..

Diastolic pressure

105 mmHa or more

Both sexes, 25-74 years ............

Men, 25-74 years ................ ......................

Women, 25-74 years .......... ......... ........... ...

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes ...........................................

Men ............ ................ .........................

Women ................................ .............. ..

Borderline hypertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years ......... ...

Men, 25-74 years ................... ....... ............

Women, 25-74 years ....... .............. ............

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes .... .... .......... ...... ................ ...

Men ...... ................ ............................ ...

Women ........ ...... .......... .... ...... ..............

Less than $3,000

Percent

of

adults

40.5

62.1

29.3

45.4

65.5

30,8

*3 I .4

45.1

*25.2

31.8

43.4

24.6

60.5

73.3

54.8

65.6

81.3

56.1

Standard

error

of

percent

5.87

11.31

7.28

.,.

. . .

. . .

8.61

17.30

9.61

. . .

. . .

,..

6.39

9.69

9.63

. . .

,..

. . .

Less than $5,000

Percent

of

adults

42.7

56.3

35.1

43.9

60.3

35.2

31.1

36,6

28.0

32.0

42.8

27.0

63.2

72.5

58.2

65.9

75.1

60.9

Standard

error

of

percent

3.69

7.36

5.26

. . .

. . .

.,.

7.04

10.l B

9.80

,..

. . .

,..

4.27

6.27

6.38

. . .

. . .

. . .

$5,000-$9,999 I $10,000 or more

Percent

of

adults

49.0

55.1

42.4

49.0

55.4

42.2

‘32.0

*28.6

*35.2

33.6

33.0

37.6

69.7

76.7

62.7

69.8

77.0

62.4

ndard

Percent

rror

of of

rcent adults

4.24

6.61

6.08

. . .

. . .

,,.

9.17

54,7

58.1

48.3

54.5

58.4

47,0

43.9

13.28

14.01

.,.

. . .

. . .

4.53

6.02

6.48

. . .

. . .

. . .

43,7

*44.1

45.2

45.3

47.7

73.2

77.1

66,6

71.1

75,6

64.6

Standard

error

of

percent

——

3.96

————

4.83

5.15

. . .

. . .

. . .

7,92

10.09

12.12

,..

.,.

. . .

3.63

_———

4.96

5.13

. . .

. . .

. . .

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

68
Table 33. Prevalence rates and estimated population with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline

hypemensian among adults 25-74 years, by education, age, and sex with standard errors and age-adjusted rates: United Statea, 1971-1975

Education

Less than 5 years W years 9-12 years 13 years or more

Population

in

thOusands

Condition, age, and sex Standard

error

of

rate

5.94

21.30

11.39

10.31

12.33

8.29

7.33

7.42

.

. . .

.

3.37

6.79

9.70

9.56

3.00

4.96

4.83

. . .

. . .

. . .

3.83

7.74

13.40

4.57

9.52

6.62

5.26

5.36

. . .

. . .

. . .

Population

in

thoussnds

1,364

66

46

345

383

525

745

619

. .

. .

. .

453

24

165

177

87

257

196

. . .

. . .

. . .

957

11

78

140

252

476

482

475

. . .

. . .

. .

Standard

error

of

rate

2.43

-

4.95

4.60

3.65

4.48

3.83

2.77

3.30

. .

. . .

. . .

1.58

1.88

3.28

2.26

3.47

2.00

1.70

2.43

. . .

. . .

. . .

2.33

Population

in

Standard

error

of

rate

0.95

-

1.34

2.17

2.10

2.80

4.73

1.53

1.35

. . .

. . .

. . .

0.60

0.86

1.57

1.58

1.18

1.90

0.92

0.76

. . .

. . .

. . .

0.99

Population

in

Standa rd

error

of

rate

1.41

_

1.69

3.44

2.72

4.49

6.67

2.48

1.85

. .

. .

. . .

0.61

0.59

1.10

1.42

2.13

1.43

1.13

0.48

. . .

. . .

. . .

1.51

Rate

per

100

adults

36.6

Rate

per

100

Rate

per

100

adults

15.9

_

5.4

11.8

19.8

25.1

33.0

18.0

14.4

16.9

18.6

15.6

4.3

1.8

4.3

6.0

5.1

●6.3

4.9

3.9

4.4

5.0

4.0

15.9

Rate

per

100

]dults

13.7

●5.3

●11.8

13.9

29.7

33.9

15.7

11.3

16.5

18.7

13.4

●2.2

*0.6

*2.4

*4.1

4.3

2.0

3.3

1.0

2.6

3.8

1.1

13.2

thouadults =nds

8,945

.

640

1.534

2,661

2,414

1,496

4,234

4,711

. . .

. . .

. . .

2,431

286

559

811

489

286

1,164

1,267

. . .

. . .

. .

8,954

sands

4,996

.

152

393

1,022

1,717

1,713

2,497

2,499

. .

. . .

. .

1,401

30

145

243

620

362

605

796

. .

. . .

. .

4,554

27.0

Definite hypertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years... 3,774

553

753

708

1,024

735

2,389

1,364

. .

. . .

. . .

617

65

152

208

148

44

496

122

. . .

. . .

. . .

3,639

25-34 years .. ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . .... . .. .. .. .. .. ..

3544 years .. .. . . . .. . . .... ... .. .. .. .. .. ...

45-54 years .. .. . . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. ...

55-64 years ... ... . . . ... . .. . . . . ... . .. . . . . ..

65-74 years ... .. .. . .. .... .. . . .... . . .. .. . .. . . .

‘22.8

“12.1

42.7

*43.2

38.5

38.3

34.7

30.6

33.7

29.8

+1 2.2

●8.1

●17.3

25.0

32.4

34.4

26.5

27.5

21.4

23.4

19.0

7.6

Men, 25-74 years ... . .. .. ... ... . ..

Women, 25-74 years . . .. .. .. . ...

Age-adjusted rates:

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... . .. . ... . . .

Men, 25-74 years, .. . .... .. . ... . . .. .. .. .

Women, 25-74 years .. .. . . .. .. .. . ... . .

Diastolic pressure of

105 mmHg .x more

Both sexes, 25-74 years . . .

25-34 years ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

3544 years .. . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

45-54 years . .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. ..

55-64 years .. . .. . .... . .. . ... . ... . ... ... . .. ...

65-74 years .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. . . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .

‘1.6

●6.4

*5.9

*11.7

+7.3

‘6.4

●8.7

6.1

4.9

7.4

24.6

*6.5

“20.4

●19.9

‘6.4

‘13.2

+11.0

10.2

11.5

9.5

25.7

Men, 25-74 years .. . . .. .. .. .... . . .

Women, Z5-74 years . ... . .. .. . . .

Age-adjusted rates,

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... . .. .... .. .

Men, 25-74 year . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .

Women, 25-74 years .. . . .. .. . . .... . . ..

Borderline hypertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years ...

.

25-34 veara .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ... .. . ... .. .. .. . . ...

3544 years .... ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. . . .. .. .. .

45-54 years . .. .. .. . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...

55-64 yearn .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .

65-74 years .. .. ... . .... . . .. .. .. .. ... . .. ... . .. ..

*3.8

‘20.7

“ 17.3

●28.4

34.9

24.8

26.6

16.6

16.8

19.6

*6.1

“20.9

24.2

24.2

34.1

25.1

24.1

19.9

22.1

17.5

5.48

5.53

4.54

4.41

3.98

3.37

2.79

. . .

. . .

. . .

113

475

989

1,282

1,694

2,359

2,195

. . .

. . .

. . .

7.9

11.7

18.6

25.3

28.0

18.5

14.1

16.7

19.0

15.1

1.72

1.78

2.55

3.02

4.11

1.52

1.47

. . .

. . .

. . .

1,237

1,524

2,489

2,434

1,270

4,352

4,603

. . .

. . .

. . .

*6.9

*8.5

*18.7

22.2

30.8

13.7

72.7

15.5

16.0

14.6

1.82

2.97

5.06

4.96

5.65

2.21

2.04

. . .

. . .

. . .

715

539

952.

764

667

2,064

1,555

. . .

. . .

. . .

Men, 25-74 years ... .. .. . .. .. .. ...

Women, 25-74 years .... . . ... . ..

Age-adjusted rates:

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... . . .. .. .. ..

Men, 25-74 years .. . .. ... . .. ... . .. .. .. ..

Women, 25-74 years ... . . ... . .. . ... . . .

NOTE: AU blood pressures cm which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

69
Table 34. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosad as having high blood pressure among those with definite

hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, and borderline hypertension, by education and sex with standard errors

and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1975

Less than 5 years 5-8 years 9-12 years 13 yaars or more

Percent

of

adults

41.4

55.4

*24.5

39.2

49.8

21.5

*28.4

Standard

error

of

percant

Standard

error

of

percent

Standard

error

of

percent

Standard

error

of

percent

Condition and sex Percent

of

adults

Percent

of

adults

Percent

of

adults

Definite hypertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years ............ 7.03 42.3 4.85

7.76

4.98

. . .

. . .

. .

8.16

51.9

58.0

46.4

51.3

57.1

46.5

39.5

3.35

4.52

4.92

. . .

. . .

. . .

6.73

9.95

9.32

. . .

. . .

.,.

3.54

4.86

4.77

. . .

. . .

,,.

53.3

54.0

52.1

54.6

56.2

51.2

*45.4

*44.3

*49.8

43.3

44.8

26.6

66.7

6.10

.———

7.13

10.24

. . .

. . .

. . .

14.78

_—.—

17.45

34.36

. . .

. . .

. . .

6.02

——

Men, 25-74 years .... ...................... .. ..........

Womanr 25-74 years ... .. .................. ..........

12.67

11.14

. . .

. . .

. . .

13.35

57.7

26.9

45.5

59.6

27.4

*28.3

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes ........... ...... ..........................

Men ................... ........ .. ...... ..................

Women ....... .... .................... ........ .........

Diastolic pressure

105 mmHg or more

Both sexes, 25-74 years ....... .. .. .

Men, 25-74 years ................................... ...

Women, 25-74 years ......... ......... ....... ..... ...

*28.5

*28.2

22.4

22.7

22.5

62.2

18.50

20.67

. . .

. . .

. . .

8.29

*32. O

*25.6

26.1

28.4

23.4

65.9

11.56

9.03

. . .

. . .

. . .

3.78

6.20

6.16

. . .

. . .

. . .

41.3

37.9

39.4

40.5

38.3

71.9

80.5

63.7

70.5

79.3

62.4

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes ...........................................

Men ........... .. ...... ..................................

Women ....... .................. .......................

Borderline hypertension

Both sexes, 25-74 years ............

Men, 25-74 years ............... .... ............ .......

Women, 25-74 years .................. ...............

78.6

*45.5

62.4

70.3

53.7

9.45

16.90

. . .

,,.

. . .

73.1

58.1

67.9

73.7

55.4

69.5

63.0

65.1

69.1

60.8

8.29

8.85

,..

.,.

. . .

Age-adjusted percents:

Both sexes ................. .. ...... ..................

Men ...... ............... ........................ ...... ..

Women ......... .... .................... ...............

NOTE: AU blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

70
Table 35. Percent distribution of adults 25-74 years by response to selected medical history questions with estimated number of adults,

according to hypertensive status and age: United States, 1971-1974

Hypertensive status

and age

All ages

Definite .....................

High riskl ........ .........

Borderline ... ..............

Normotensive ...........

2544 years

Definite ...... ...............

High riskl ....... ..........

Borderline .................

Normotensive ...........

45-64 years

Definite ...... ............ ...

High riskl .................

Borderline ................ .

Normotensive .... .......

65-74 years

Definite .... ......... ........

High riskl .. .. .............

Borderline .................

Normotensive ...........

Population

in

thousands

19,180

5,083

18,370

66,570

4J08

1,330

4,935

39,693

10,190

2,965

9,356

22,958

4,685

788

4,084

3,918

In past 6 months,

Told by doctor had high If told by doctor, years ago ever used medicine, pills,

blood pressure? first had it or drugs for

high blood pressure?

6

UnYesr Yes, Yesr No or Less

1-5

known oc- No or

sti II not un- un- than yearsor not Regu- casion - u nhave now known known 1 year

years or lady applimore

ally known

cable

Percent distribution

36.5

47.3

17.9

5.0

29.3

37.3

10.1

3.0

37.8

50.7

18.2

6.7

40.5

51.9

26.7

14.5

8.5

6.9

6.6

3.7

8.5

9.8

6.2

3.0

8.7

5.6

4.6

4.6

8.1

6.8

11.5

4.9

4.2

7.0

3.1

0.5

5.2

12.9

4.8

0.3

3.8

4.7

2.3

1.1

4.1

5.5

3.1

0.5

50.8

38.8

72.4

90.8

57.0

40.0

78.9

93.6

49.7

39.0

75.0

87.6

47.3

35.7

58.7

79.7

0.8

1.8

0.5

0.0

0.1

0.0

1.2

0.0

1.3

2.3

0.1

0.0

0.6

3.0

0.5

0.2

22.4

27.9

16.1

5.7

21.4

33.5

15.2

4.4

23.7

26.7

14.5

7.0

20.3

23.1

20.9

11.3

25.1

30.8

10,6

3.5

21.0

26.4

4.3

1.9

24.3

31.1

9.9

5.3

30.4

36.9

19.9

8.3

51.7

39.5

72.8

90.8

57.5

40.1

79.3

93.7

50.7

39.9

75.5

87.7

48.7

37.0

58.7

80.2

22.8

29.5

12.3

2.8

8.2

14.7

5.6

0.8

26.2

33.9

11.3

5.1

28.9

38.0

22.7

10.2

3.8

3.2

1.2

0.5

3.5

2.8

1.5

0.6

3.4

2.9

1.0

0.1

5.1

4.9

1.3

1.5

73.3

67.3

86.5

96.7

88.2

82.5

92.9

98.6

70.4

63.2

87.7

94.7

65.9

57.0

76.0

88.3

lDiastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more.

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

71
Table 36. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age with specified responses to selected medical historv items among Those with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105

mmHg or more, borderline hypertension, or normotension at time of examination, by sex: United States, 1974-1975

Total .........................................................

How long ago first told by doctor bad high blood

pressure andior hypertension?

Less than 1 year .... ...................... ............ .............

l.5vears ..................................... .........................

6-9 years ..... .................... .. .. .............................. ..

More than 9 years .......... .. .. .............................. .. ..

Times during past 12 months talked to doctor aboul

high blood pressure andlor hypertension:

None .............. ........... .. .. ........................ ..... .... . .

1 time ......................... .. ............................ .. .........

2 times ........... .............................. ...... ..................

3 times .. ...................... .. .. .. ................ ............ .......

4times .... .......................... .. .......................... .. .....

5 times or more ........ ... . . ........ . . . ....... . . ... .

Davs during past 12 months high blood pressure

andlor hypertension kept vou in bed all or

most of day:

1-5 days ................................ .... .... ........... ............

6-10 days ............... .. .. ..........................................

More than TO davs ..... .. ........................................

How long since vou last had blood pressure taken:

Lasr 3 months ............ .... ......................................

4-6 months ..... ........... .. ...... ............................ .. ....

7-11 months ...................... ................................ ..

1-3 years ......... .. .. .............................. ...................

More than 3 years ............ .. .... .......................... .. ..

During past 12 months, times your blood pressure

was taken: (not counting times while a patienT

in hospital)

None ...... ............................ .. .. .. ............................

2 times .................. .. .... .........................................

3 times ..... ............... ............... .. ............................

4 times .................. .. .............................. ...............

5 times or more ..................... ..................... .........

Doctor ever tal Iced m vou about problems caused

by high blood pressure andlor hypertension? .... .

Nurse or other medical person ever talked to vou

about problems caused bv high blood pressure

andlor hype fiension ?............... .... .. .. .. ....................

Type of medical person:

Nurse ... .. .. .. .. ...y . .. .. ... ... . .... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . ... . ... ... ....

Were vou told that reading was:

High .. .............................. .. ................................ ...

Definite Diastolic pressure Borderline

hypertension 105 mmHg or more hypertension Normotension

Both

Men Women Q sexes

Men Women :x;: Men Women ~;x:; Men Women

Percent of adults

100.0

7.1

22.4

6.2

19.9

50,6

11.3

9.3

3.2

3.6

14.0

96.9

1.3

0.4

1.3

4B.O

15.8

7.3

21.5

7.4

30.B

17.6

12.1

6.3

9,3

23.9

39,7

1,0

1.0

17.8

1.2

35.9

11.B

3.8

29.5

54.6

2.6

1Oo.c

B,O

22.1

5.6

14.8

67.2

10.2

8.0

2.7

1.6

10.2

99.8

0.2

30.6

16,9

8.1

27.2

9,1

37.B

19.2

14.9

5.4

6.0

16.7

31.2

0.3

0.3

12.9

1.2

37,6

9,7

2.5

36.2

50.3

1,2

100.0

6.2

22.7

6.9

25.4

49.2

12.5

10.7

3.a

5.7

18.1

93a

2.5

0.9

2.7

5a,3

14.5

6,4

15,3

5.6

23.4

15.7

a.o

7.4

12.9

31.6

48a

1.a

1.a

23.1

1.2

34.2

14.0

5.1

22.4

59.4

4.0

100.0

6.2

30.6

6.7

24.2

53.6

9.4

14.2

5.5

2,5

14,7

96a

2.3

0.9

46.7

20.2

3.9

25a

3.4

2a.B

13.4

11.9

9.2

9.5

26.2

49.3

1.1

1,1

23.3

1 .a

28.4

13.5

3.7

29.2

6a.1

1.5

100,0

5,1

36,3

a,7

1e.3

5a.7

4.6

15.1

6.0

1.9

13.6

100.0

3a.7

22.4

3.1

33.0

2.9

35.9

13,1

16,0

6,1

7,2

21,6

45.6

19.9

3.4

26.7

11.3

z.a

36,9

67.4

1.0

100.0

7,4

24.1

4.5

31,1

47.7

14.9

13.2

4.9

3.3

16.0

93.0

5.0

2.0

55.9

17.6

4.9

17.5

4.0

22,a

13,6

7.1

I 2.a

12,2

31,5

53a

2,3

2.3

27.3

30.3

16.0

4.8

21.6

6a.o

2.2

00.0

3.9

16.5

6.0

10.5

72.3

7.2

5.3

3.3

3,7

a.z

aa.o

1.1

0.0

0,5

47,6

16,a

6,9

20,5

B.3

30.3

22.6

14.1

7.9

7.8

17.1

24.6

1.7

1.3

0.4

a.5

2.0

4z.a

14.0

3.6

26.0

37.0

o,a

100.0

5.1

12,7

3.0

a,4

7a.1

4,5

5,0

1.a

3.7

5.9

99.4

0.6

43.1

16.a

7.2

21.6

11.3

35.4

24.3

14.0

7.9

8.3

10.1

22.3

1.9

1.1

0,8

4,a

0,4

42,9

16,8

2.4

33.7

za.o

o,a

100,0

z.a

20.1

a.9

12,5

65,9

97

5.6

4.7

3.a

10.3

9a.6

1.6

0.0

0.9

51 .a

16.7

6.6

19.5

5.4

25.5

21.4

14.2

7.9

7.4

23.7

26.9

1.6

1.6

12.1

3,5

42,7

12.3

4.a

24.5

44.5

o.a

100.0

2.1

6.2

3.0

4.2

90.4

3.4

1.4

1.5

1.1

2.2

9a.3

0.3

0.3

0.1

42.7

17.1

9.4

24a

6.o

32.3

26,0

15.1

a.3

5,3

12.9

15.7

2.2

1 ,a

0.3

z.a

3.4

42.3

19.2

1.4

30.a

13.8

1.a

I00.0

1.5

5.4

3.0

4.3

al ,a

3.0

1.6

1.3

0.7

1.6

99,4

0,2

0,4

39.1

15.6

a.~

29.4

7,a

39.0

26.9

13.a

a.o

4,7

7.6

15.0

2.3

2.0

0.3

2.1

2.0

44.2

I z.a

1.6

37.3

lz.a

1.6

I00.0

.—

2.7

6.a

3.0

4.1

a9,2

3.a

1.3

1.7

1,4

2.6

99,3

0.4

0,2

0.1

45.7

1a.4

10.6

zo.a

4.4

26a

25.3

16.3

a.6

5.a

17.4

16.3

2.0

1.7

0.3

3.5

4,6

40,7

24.7

1.3

25,2

14,6

2,0

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based art the average af 3 measurements,

72
Table 36. Percent of adultt 25-74 years of age wfth specified responses to selected medical histoIv items among th.no with &finite hypertension, diastolic preswm of 105

mmHg or more, bordwline hyp6rtensicm, or normotension at time of examination, by’ WX: United 6t8rn, 1974-1975-Con.

Medical historv item

Doctor ever advised You to lose weight because

of high blood pressure andlor hypertensmn ...... ...

USE of salt sinca learned of high blood pressure

andlor hypertension:

MOm ............................................................... .. ...

Less .......... ........................................................ ...

Sme .......................... ..........................................

Not applicable ....................................... ........... ...

Ewr advised bV doctor, nurse, or other medical

person to use less salt? ...........................................

Doctor ever prescribed medicine for high blood

pressure andlor hwmtension?. . . .. . . ...... ...... ............

Now taking doctor prescribed mechine for high

blood pressure and/or hypertensicm ?.....................

How often prescribed medicine to be taken: . .

Once a dav .... .............................. .........................

Less than awe a dab.., ..... .......................... ....

Not applirnble .. . .. ....... ... ...... ...... . ..... . . ......

How often is prescribed medicine taken:

All the time .........................................................

Often .. ................ ........... .......... .... . . ... .. ... ....

Once in a *iie . .. .. .. ... . .. ... .. .... .. .. ... .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. . ... ..

Never ... .. .. .. .. ... . ... .. . ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... ... .. . ... .. .. ..

Otier .. .. ...... . ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . ... ... .

Not applicable . ... .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . .

How often does high blood pressure and/or

hypertension bother you:

All the tirtw ... .... .... . ............ . ... .. ..... ........ . . .

Often ......... .. .. . . ....................... ........... . .......... .

Once in a title ........ .................. .. .. .. .. ..................

Newr ................. ......................................... .........

Otier ..................... .. .................. .. .. .. .. ..................

Not applicable . . ............ ... ........ ............ . ...... .

Extent high blood pressure andlor hypi?rtension

bothers:

Great deal . ..... . . . . ........ ... ...... . ... ........ . ......

60me .... . . ...... .. .............. ...... ..... . .......... . ....

Very liwle ........................... .. .......................... .. ...

Other ..................... .... ..........................................

Not applicable . . . . .............. . .. . ... ............ . ...

Still have high blood pressure and/or

hypertension ...... .......... ...................... ....................

Condition completely cured . . .. . . . . .

Can tell when blind pressure is high . .

Definite I

Diastolic pressure IBordwlina

hypertension 105 mmHg or mom hypartttnsion I

Nornumnsion

,

Both *“

Women

Both *

W.mmn Wxes Sexe$

Percent of adds

27.9

0.2

28.5

28.5

42.8

30.8

43.0

25.7

10.8

12.3

2.6

74.3

21.3

2.2

1.8

0.4

74.3

1.7

3.7

22.9

26.4

0.4

44,9

7.2

9,1

11.B

0.6

71.3

35.1

5.5

29.B

22.7

0.2

22.5

28.7

48.5

21.9

33.7

17.0

6.1

8.4

2.5

63.0

14.3

1.5

1.2

63.0

1.5

1.4

18.5

2B.8

0.2

49.7

3.0

5.8

11.9

0.9

7B.4

2B.9

5.0

21.2

33.4

0.1

35.0

2B.2

36.6

40.5

53.0

35.1

15.8

1B.5

2.8

64.9

2B.9

2.9

2.6

0.7

84.9

1.9

6.2

27.7

23.9

0.6

39,7

11.7

12.7

11.6

0.3

63.7

41.9

6.1

39.1

35.1

0.5

29.8

39.3

30.4

36.0

53.4

29.2

14.5

12.9

1.9

70.8

25.6

1.9

1.7

70.6

1.7

4.4

34.2

2B.5

1.B

31.6

7.5

14.3

19.1

1.0

5B. 1

46.3

4.6

42.2

26.0

1.0

22.6

44.7

31.7

28.6

EO.o

26.7

13.7

8.5

3.5

74.3

22.2

1.7

1.B

74.3

6.0

32.4

27.7

0.7

33.2

3.5

12.7

22.2

0.7

80.9

41.5

1.4

38.4

45.6

3B.O

33.1

28.8

46.7

57.3

33.3

15.4

17.9

86.;

29.5

2,2

1.7

66.7

3.6

2.5

36.3

25.1

2.6

26.8

12.1

16.0

15.5

1.4

65.0

51.9

8.2

45.4

16.6

0.4

21.1

16.3

82.2

21.8

27.6

16.1

5.1

10.6

0.6

83.9

14.5

1.1

0.5

63.8

1.8

1.1

11.3

19.7

0.2

85.9

4.0

3.9

6.2

0.5

85.4

17.4

6.7

17,1

13.4

0.8

15.8

13.2

m.3

t 8.3

20.7

11.2

3.6

7.3

0.4

86.B

10.4

0.6

0.4

86.s

0.9

1.0

6.1

17.7

74.4

1.0

2.9

4.3

91.7

12.8

5.4

10.8

19.7

28.1

19.3

54.6

27.0

34.0

20.8

6.5

13.5

O.B

78.2

18.3

1.B

0.7

78.2

2.1

1.2

16.3

21.5

0.4

57.8

0.8

4.8

B.O

1.0

78.4

21.7

8.0

22.9

5.6

0.2

6.B

a7

84.4

7.7

8.0

4.2

1.5

1.0

0.8

95.6

3.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

95.0

0.4

0.7

4.1

6.9

0.2

65.7

1.6

1.6

2.1

0.1

84.7

5.7

4.1

0.2

5.7

0.1

5.6

8.7

66.6

0.1

00

3.7

1.1

2.2

0.3

86.4

3.6

0.1

88.4

0.2

0.6

2.8

9.3

8;:

1.1

1.2

1.3

0.1

98.4

4.4

3.1

6.4

6.5

0.2

7.8

8.7

83.3

9.0

6.B

4.6

1.9

1.5

1.3

95.4

4.1

0.3

0.2

0.1

85.4

0.5

0.7

6.3

0.7

0.3

W6

1.9

2.0

2.6

0.1

83.3

6.7

4.9

7.0

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 mcaaurements.

73
Table 37. Percent distributions of adults 25-74 years by response to selected medical history questions with estimated number of adults,

Hypertensive status

and age

All aaes

Definite.., ..........................

High riskl ........ .......... .......

Borderline .........................

Normotensive .............. ......

2544 years

Definite, .... .... ................... .

High riskl ..... ......... ...........

Borderline .........................

Normotensive.., ................ .

45-64 years

Definite .............................

High riskl ................. ........

Borderline .........................

Normotensive ....................

65-74 vears

Definite ............ ...... ...........

High riskl .........................

Borderline .........................

Normotensive., ..................

according to hypertensive” status and age: United Statesr 1960-1962

Population

in

thousands

15,681

3,462

14,488

62,463

3,439

854

4,302

37,559

7,930

1,904

7,439

20,789

4,312

704

2,747

4,115

Ever think you How long ago first

Had HBP in

had high blood last 12

pressure (HBP)? started having HBP? months?

45.1

59.2

21.6

6.9

30.6

44.3

20.1

4.9

44.1

64.0

20.4

7.7

58.1

64.3

27.3

20.5

2.6

3.3

3.8

2.3

2.0

1.3

4.8

2.2

2.3

2.8

3.7

2.5

3.8

7.1

2.4

2.1

52.3

37.5

74.6

90.8

67.4

54.4

75.1

92.9

53.6

33.2

75.9

89.8

38.1

28.6

70.6

77.4

7.2

9.2

5.2

2.1

8.3

13.1

3.7

1.9

6.4

5.9

7.4

2.3

8.0

13.4

1.7

3.2

Pel

16.3

21.4

9.5

3.5

11,6

9.2

9.9

2.5

16.7

29.2

8.3

3.9

19.2

15.3

12.1

10.8

nt dist

23.0

29.3

10.3

3.4

10.4

17.7

10.8

2.7

22.5

29.5

8.1

3.8

34.0

42.7

15.7

7.4

bution

53.5

40.1

75.0

91.0

69.7

60.0

75.6

92.9

54.4

35.4

76.2

90.0

38.8

28.6

70.5

78.6

67.9

74.1

63.2

48.7

67.5

65.B

47,7

46.2

65.1

63.8

71,0

53.3

72.0

69.5

65.8

61.3

No or

unknown

32.1

25.9

36.8

51.3

32.5

34.2

52.3

53.8

34.9

36.2

29.0

46.7

28.0

30.5

34.5

38.7

Take medicine

or pill$

for HBl>?

Yes

22.8

28.1

9.1

2.8

11.6

17.0

3.3

1.3

21.9

30.1

10.1

3.5

33.2

36.3

15.6

11.7

NICIor

L1nknown

——

77.2

71.9

90.9

91.2

88.4

83.0

96.7

98.7

78.1

69.9

89.9

96.5

66.8

63.7

84.4

88.3

——

lDi~toli~ p~~ssure of 105 mm~g ‘r ‘ore.

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

74
Table 3B. Percent of adults 2574 years of age told bv doctor thev had selected chronic conditions, who srill have them and who are on diet for selected conditions,

among those with definite hypermns( on, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, borderline hypertension, or normotension at time of examination, by sex with

standard errors and standardized percents for selected conditions: United States, 1971-1975

Cond!tion ever told by

doctor examinee had and

still has, and special

diet for condlcmn

Condition

Kidney disease:

Ever told .................. .............

Still has .... .............. ...............

Protein, albumin, blood,

sugar in urine:

Ever Told .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .

Thyroid rrouble:

Ever road .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... ........ ...

Still has .... .......... .... .... .. .... .....

Diabetes:

Ever Bold ...............................

Still has ............................... ..

Heart murmur:

Ever road ...............................

Still has ....................... .. .. .. .. ..

Heart failure:

Ever cold ................... ...... .... ..

Still has..., ....... .... .... .. .... .... .. ..

Hean art=k:

Ever told ....... ...... .... .. .... .... ....

High blood pressure:

Ever told ... .. ...... .. .... .......... ....

Still has .................................

Swoke:

Ever told ...............................

Low blood pressure:

Ever told ........... ............... .. .

Still has . ...... ...... ...... ..............

On diet

For:

WeighI loss..., ........................

Oiahetes ................................

Heart trouble or high

blood pressure ..... ...............

Kind:

Low salt ..... .. ...... .... ...... .........

Low calorie .. ...... .. ........ ...... .. .

Selected conditions

Kidney disease-ever told ...........

Thyroid trouble–still has ........ ...

Heart failure-ever told ..... .........

High blood pressure–

ever told ..................................

ToIal Definire hypertension

Diamolic pressure of Bor&rIine

105 mmHg or more hypertension Normotension

I

Both Men

sexes

9.2 8.6

2.3 1.B

11.2 8.6

4.3 1.1

2.4 0.6

2.5 2.0

2.1 1.7

7.6 6.4

4.0 3.3

1,2 1.0

0.6 0.6

4.1 5.0

13.2 11.2

8.7 7,8

1,4 1,4

10.8 5.0

4.3 2.5

4.9 3.0

2.5 2.0

3.6 3.9

3.9 3.1

4.6 2.7

Both 6oth

Women ~exe~ Men Women ~exe~ Men Women :;;~ Men Women ;e::~ Men Women

J--L ... .... ....

. ..

9.8

2.8

13.5

7.2

4.0

2.9

2.4

8.6

4.5

1.3

0.6

3.3

15.0

9.5

1.4

16.1

6.0

6.5

3.0

3.s

4.7

6.2

-..

...

.-.

9.7

3.5

14.7

4.5

2.7

3.7

3.1

6.4

4.0

2.2

1.3

6.4

33.6

24.6

3.3

7.7

2.5

5.9

3.6

7.3

6.9

5.5

1.21

0.86

0.66

4.27

8.0

3.1

10.6

0.6

0,1

3.0

2.3

5.2

3.5

1.9

1.3

9.0

27.4

21.6

3.0

4.3

1.9

4.0

2.4

6.2

5.4

2.3

11.4

3.9

19.1

8.7

5.5

4.5

4.0

7.6

4,5

2.6

1.3

7.7

40.3

27.9

3.5

11.5

3.1

7.9

5.0

B.5

.s.5

6.9

Percent of adults

10.3 10.2

3.5 4.2

18.5 17.2

6.5 1.3

3.6 0.4

2.9 1.3

2.4 1.3

6.9 7.2

4.9 4.6

3.0 3.2

2.0 3.2

8.7 9.5

44.6 42.5

34.0 34.9

4.6 3.7

6.8 2.9

3.4 1.0

6.2 4.0

3.0 2.0

9.6 9.4

9.7 9.0

5.5 4.3

10.4

2.8

20.0

12.1

7.1

4.6

3.6

6.6

5.2

2.7

O.B

7.6

47.3

33.1

5.7

14.7

5.9

B.5

4.0

10.2

10.5

6.8

9.9

2.6

11.3

4.0

2.1

4.4

4.1

6.6

5.4

2.2

1.0

5.8

19.2

12.5

2.6

.s.6

2.6

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.9

Standard errors for selected percents

1.52 1.98 1.96 3.26

0.14 1.81 2.31 0.55

0.99 0.90 1.63 2.96

4.27 5.49 6.53 B.S6

3.96

4.79

1 .ss

B.ol

1.65

0.76

0.73

2.B5

9.2

2.5

8.2

1.1

0.7

2.4

2,0

8.9

5.3

1.8

0.7

6.5

15.0

9.3

3.1

4.4

1.8

3.3

2.6

5.1

3.9

2.7

2.01

0.56

0.B6

3.22

10.7

3.1

14.6

7.2

3.5

6.4

6.3

B.7

5.6

2.7

1.3

5.0

23.6

15.9

2.5

13.2

3.4

6.2

7.0

4.1

5.3

7.1

2.51

1.44

0.99

4.00

8.9 8.6

1.9 1.1

10.2 8.1

4.3 1.2

2.4 0.8

1.6 1.6

1.2 1.4

7.6 6.o

3.6 2.7

0.6 0.5

0.3 0.4

2.5 3.3

5.9 4.9

3.2 2.9

0.5 0.4

12.3 5.4

5.3 2.9

4.2 2.2

1.4 1.6

2.0 2.0

2.2 1.4

3.8 2.6

1

0.96 1.42

0.66 0.35

0.16 0.22

0.99 1.11

9.2

2.5

11.9

6.9

3.7

1.6

1.1

6.9

4.3

0.7

0.3

1.8

6.6

3.5

0.6

17.9

7.3

5.8

1.3

1.9

2.9

4.9

1.19

1.12

0.24

1.22

NOTE: AN blood pressures on which hypertensive statw is based are the average of 3 measurement.%

75
Table 39. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age told by doctor they had selecIed chronic conditions among those with definite hypertension, diastolic pressure of 105

mmHg or more, borderline hypertension, or normotension at time of examination, by sex with percents standardized against 1971-1975 population: United States,

1960-1962

Total IIDefinite hypertension I

Diastolic pressure of IBorderline

105 mmHg or more hypertension Condition told by doctor

exammee ever had EEEEIEE‘omen:::llMenlw0meni

I

Both

Men

sexes

Women

22.2

14.4

3.7

12.2

29.2

3.0

22.1

13.6

3,2

8.4

25.4

2.2

Women

Percent of adults [in 1960-1962)

16.3 13.1 11,9 14,1 15,4 9.8

11.0 10.7 6,0 14.7 7,8 2.3

5.5 2.6 3.1 2.1 3.0 2.5

10.3 10.8 9.0 12,4 9.2 6.8

52.3 59.2 55.5 62.4 21.6 15.2

4.8 4,4 3.9 4.6 1.6 0.4

Kidney trouble ......... ................. .

Thyroid trouble .... . . ............ .

Diabetes ........ ........................ .....

Heart trouble . ........ .. ........ . . .

High blood pressure . . . . . .

Stroke . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Kidney trouble.,.,...,,,, ............ ....

Thyro!d trouble ... . ... .......... ....

Diabetes ..................... ............. ...

Heart trouble . ... ...... ... . ..........

High blood pressure ... ....–– .. . .

Stroke .. .. .. .............. .............. .... ..

15,6

9.a

2,0

6,a

15,6

1.6

1o.a

3.2

1.7

6.3

11.9

1.3

20.1

15.7

2.3

7.2

19.0

1.s

15.5 14.3

7 .a 3.3

4.2 2.5

a.9 7.2

45.0 35,a

3.7 2.2

15.7 10.0

10.7 3,4

1.3 1,4

5.7 5.9

fi.a 5.5

1.1 1,4

20.7

17.3

1.2

5.4

a.1

0.8

21.4

1a,o

1,5

7.3

10.3

1.4

Standardized percents (using 1871-1975 population )

. ..

...

...

...

...

...

...

. ..

...

. ..

.. .

. ..

...

...

...

...

...

...1

14.2 11.5

9.1 4.2

3.5 2.0

7.2 6.4

39.4 31.2

2.4 1.6

77.7

14.3

4.a

a.1

47.7

z.a 1

13.2 11.3 12.5

14.0 7.a 22.5

2.4 2.a 1.9

9.2 8.6 a.9

sz.a 50.0 5a.2

3.2 3,3 z,a 1

13.5 a.4

7.3 2.6

2.5 2.1

7.3 6.0

19.3 14.3

1.3 0.4 1

16.2 10.4

11.0 3.6

1.5 1.6

fi,a a.5

a.1 6,1

1.4 I.a

NOTES: AM blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the avera~e of 3 meamrments.

National estimates from the 1960-1962 National Health Examination SWey were for:

Definite hypertensi.m – 20.7 t 0.s2 per 100 population 25-74 Years

Diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more – 4.2 * 0.39 per 100 population 25-74 years

Borderline hypertension 19.9 * 0.S8 per 100 population 25-74 years

Normot ensive - 59.4 * 1.22 per 100 population 25-74 years

Table 40, Percent of adults 25-74 years of age with diagnostic impression of selected types of circulatory rind related conditions m survey’ examination among those with

definite hyperwnsion, diastolic pressure of 105 mmHg or more, borderline hypertension, m normotension at tme of examination, by sex with standardized ptrce.ts:

United SIates, 1971.1975 and 1960-1962

.Sarderline

DiagnoSic impression !1 I

,U=IImi, rw u,,!,L.,. I

hypertension

.—, ,--- –– ,–1 I

I Normotensicm

arm Iux+ COaEBoth Men aoth Women ~exe~ Men Women ;e;’; Men Women ;e;;;

sexes

Men

, ,,

aoth

II

Men

I

Women

sexes

1971-1975

Circulatory conditions ..................390459

Congenital heart conditmn..., .......746. 747

Symptoms, circulatory ...,..,..,.....,..,..,.,,782

Rheumatic hear! disease,,..,.. __3933398398

Hypertensive heart disease............4oo-Io9

I=hemic heart disease,...,.,...,.., .....410-414

Other heart disease.._,.42O-l29, 746, 747

Ktdney condition ..,.,, .......... ..........580-599

1960-1962

Circulatory conditions ..,..,.., .........390459

Ischemi. heart disease,..,...............41 O4l4

1860-1962

Percent of adults

64.7 36.4 32.5

0.3 0.2

6.0 3.8 1.6

1,a 2.4 1.9

90.7 17.3 16.2

1.9 3.2 4.0

15.0 6.6 6.1

0.2 0.2 0.1

24a 2.1 2.3

2.0 2.6 2.6

15.0 15.a

0.2 0.1

1.6 1,0

1.6 1.3

1.7 2.2

1.7 2.7

4.6 5.3

0.3 0,4

0.2 0.2

1.0 1.3

14.3

0.3

2.1

I .a

1,3

1,0

4.7

0,2

0.3

0.7

29.1 76.9 75.1

0,3 0.2 0,1

3,7 6.0 4.2

2.1 2.0 1,6

15.0 66.7 65,3

1.6 3.4 3,3

6,3 10.2 8.9

0,2 0.1 0.2

2.B 12.5 12.2

1.5 4.5 5.3

78a

0.4

7.9

2.5

Ba.1

3.5

11.6

0.1

1z.a

3.9

94.2 93.B

0,2 0.3

a.5 9.0

l.a 1.9

az.1 93.4

2,0 2.1

11.5 a.z

0.2 0.3

23.5 22,0

4.5 7.6

40.5

0,4

6,1

3,0

1a.5

2.3

7,6

0,3

1.6

2.4

29.6 30.6

0.2 0.1

2.7 1.7

1.6 1.5

16.1 17.3

2.3 3.1

6.2 6.2

0.3 0.3

2.6 2.4

7.a 2.2

.%andardiz.d Percents

15.6 17.6 14.9 1.4 1,7 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.6

4.4 a.o 1,4 1.7 2,0 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5

Circulatory conditions ..................380459 --- --- --- 7.2 a.1 6.7

Ischomic heart diseasa.....410414 ...... ..4lO4l4 --- --- --- 3.6 4.9 2.6

lBased on Eighth Revision International Classification of Direares, A daptedfo,uJeintheunited~~tcs(lCDAI

NUTES All blood presswes on which hypertensive status is b.zsed are the average of 3 memuremmts.

Se. tables 21-23 for tbe respective population estimates and standard errors of estimate by hypertensive status in 1971-1975. Those for the 1960-1962 national estimates may be ap.

proximate from the ones shown in the footnote for table 39.

76
Table 41. Correlation coefficients for systolic blood pressure with diastolic blood prassure, weight, triceps skinfold, arm girth,

cholesterol, weight/haight, and age for adults 25-74 years, by race and sex with standard arrors: United States, 1971-1975

Race and sex

Al I racesl

Both sexes, 25-74 years ......... .........................

Men, 25-74 years ............................. ............ ...... .......... ...

Women, 25-74 years ..... .... ........ .... .................... .. ............

White

Both saxes, 25-74 years ....... .... ............ .. ...... .... .. ..

Men, 25-74 years .......... ..................................................

Women, 25-74 years .... ................ .... ............ .......... .........

Black

Both sexes, 25-74 years .......... ............................

Men, 25-74 years ............. ...................... .........................

Women, 25-74 years ............. ......... ...... ........ ...... .............

Al I races 1

Both sexes, 25-74 years ..... .......................... ...

Man, 25-74 years ................. ............ ............................ ...

Women, 25-74 years .... .......................... ........ .................

White

Both sexes, 25-74 years .......................... ..... ....... .

Men, 25-74 years ................... .... .. ...................................

Women, 25-74 years ..... .......... .............................. ...... ....

Black

Both saxes, 25-74 years .................... ...................

Man, 25-74 years ... ...................................... .. ...... ...........

Women, 25-74 years .......... .............................................

Systolic blood prassure

Diastolic

blood Weight Triceps Arm girth Cholas- Weight/ Age

prassura

skinfold terol haight

Correlation coefficient

0.744 0.248 0.129 ‘0.01 5 0.010 0.293 0.487

0.708 0.168 0.131 ‘0.026 0.017 0.205 0.405

0.772 0.283 0.244 ‘0.008 0.010 0.339 0.553

0.732 0.238 0.117 ●0.01 8 0.015 0.287 0.500

0.688 0.175 0.142 *0.035 0.019 0.215 0.412

0.765 0.268 0.227 ‘0.006 0.017 0.319 0.573

0.788 0.269 0.170 “–0.074 0.016 0.282 0.448

0.783 “0.093 ●0.1 10 ‘–0.054 ‘0.095 0.126 0.400

0.796 0.368 0.300 *0.01 3 0.017 0.386 0,480

T

0.0054 0.0113

0.0068 0.0173

0.0066 0.0149

t

0.0060 0.0122

0.0100 0.0185

0.0073 0.0163

+

0.0128 0.0314

0.0196 0.0502

0.0167 0.0393

Standard error

m

0.0126 0.0129 0.0129 0.0119

0.0187 0.0191 0.0191 0.0182

0.0167 0.0176 0.0176 0.0158

0.0092

0.0148

0.0114

0.0087

0.0159

0.0118

0.0270

00425

0.0350

l~n~ude~ other racial ~OUPS in addition to white and black.

NOTE: AU blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements.

77
Table 42. Correlation coefficients for diastolic blood pressure with systolic blood pressure, weight, triceps skinfold, arm girth,

cholesterol, weight/height, and age for adults 25-74 years, by race and sex with standard errors: United States, 1971-1975

Diastolic blood pressure

Systo Iic

blood Weight Triceps Arm girth Choles- Weight/ Age

pressure

skinfold terol height

Fface and sex

All racesl Correlation coefficient

0.118

0.167

0.307

0.101

0.367 ‘0.009

0,289

0.384

0.355

0.264

.—

0.191

0.336

0.279

Both sexes, 25-74 years ................... ...............

Men, 25-74 years ................................. ...... ................".....

Women, 25-74 years ............... ...... ........ ...... ....... .............

White

Both sexes, 25-74 years ........... .. .... .......... ............

Men, 25-74 years ................................... ...... ...................

Women, 25-74 years ...... ........ .. .... .. ...................... .. ...... ...

Black

Both sexes, 25-74 years ......... ................ ........ ......

Men, 25-74 years ... ...... .. ........ ...... .... ............................ ...

Women, 25-74 years ............................... .......... ..............

All racesl

0.744

0.70B

0.773

0.732

‘0.026

“0.033

*0.022

0.389

0.307

0.417

0.381

‘0.027

“0.008

*O.O38 ‘0.019

0.688

0.765

0.7B8

0.295

0.349

0.395

0.184

0.283

0.178

‘0.045

‘0.035

“0.033

‘0.020

“0.003

0.318

0.386

0.382

0.195

0.364

*—0,062 0.227

0.783

0.796

0.0054

0.0089

0,0066

0.0060

0.255

0.474

0.0104

0.0163

0.0139

0.0113

*0.7 35

0.378

‘–0.055

*–O.071

*0,035

+0.007

0.245

0.483

0.0102

0.0161

0.0135

0.0111

0.201

,0.245

0,,0112

——

0,0171

0,0145

0.0119

Standard error

Both sexes, 25-74 years ...................... .......... ..

Men, 25-74 years ..................... ...... .. ..................... ..........

Women, 25-74 years ................ ................ ....... ................

White

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... ............... .....................

Men, 25-74 years ........... .................................................

Women, 25-74 years ....... .......... ...... ... ..... ... .....................

Black

0.0119 I 0.0120 0.0120

0.0173 0.0177

0.0148 0.0163

0.0177

0.0163

0.0128 I 0.0129 I 0.0129

0.0100

0.0073

0.0128

0.0176

0.0155

0.0286

0.0184

0.0162

0.0191

0.0176

0.0191

0.0176

0.0172

0.0150

0.0289

0.0184

0.0163

Both sexes, 25-74 years .... .... ........ ........ ........ ....... 0.0321

Men, 25-74 years ....... .................. .... ........ ........ ........ .......

Women, 25-74 years ........... ................. .............. .............

0.0328 I 0.0337 I 0.0338

0.0196

0.0167

0.0473

0.0353

0.0497 0.0505

0.0390 0.0453

0.0506

0.0455

0.0476

0.0349

0.10486

0,11)428

lIn~ude~ other racial groups in addition to white and black.

NOTE: All blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements.

78
Table 43. Coefficients of partial correlation for systolic blood pressure with diastolic blood pressure, weight, triceps skinfold, arm

girth, cholesterol, and waight/height holding age constant for adults 25-74 years, by race and sex: United States, 1971-1975

Rata and sex

All racesl

Both sexes,25-74 years............................................

Men, 25-74 years ......................................................................

Woman, 25-74 years .................................................................

White

Both sexes,26-74 years .................................................

Man, 25-74 years......................................................................

Women, 25-74 years.................................................................

Black

Both sexes,25-74 years .................................................

Men, 25-74 yaars......................................................................

Women, 25-74 yaars.................................................................

Systolic blood pressure

Diestolic

Weight Triceps Weight/

blood Arm girth Cholesterol

pressure

skinfold height

lIncludes other racia] gIOUpSin addition to white and black.

NOTE: Allblood pressuresare the averageof 3 measurements.

Partial correlation coefficient

m

0.712 0.271 0.086 0.008 0.001

0.6B0 0.233 0.166 0.008 0.010

0.729 0.253 0.195 0.019 0.000

0.299

0.238

0.309

0.281

0.249

0.278

0.288

0.175

0.358

79
Table 44. Coefficients of partial correlation for diastolic blood pressure with systolic blood pressure, weight, triceps skinfold, arm girth,

cholesterol, and weight/height holding age constant for adults 25-74 years, by race and sex: United States, 1971-1975

Race and sax

All racesl

Both sexes, 25-74 years ........... .. ................ ........ .......

Men, 25-74 years ......... .... .... .. .. .... ................ ......... .. ...................

Women, 25-74 years ..... .... ............ ................ .. ...... ....................

White

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. .. ...... ........ .. ..... ....... ........ .........

Men, 25-74 years ..... ........ ............ ........................ ........ ........ .....

Women, 25-74 years ..... .... ........ .... .......... ............ .. ........ ...... ......

Black

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... ........ ......... .................... ....... ..

Men, 25-74 years .... .. .......... .......... .. ............................ ..............

Women, 25-74 years ........... ........ ...................... .................... ....

—

Systolic

blood

prassure

0.731

0.703

0.748

0.712

0.680

0.729

Diastolic blood pressure

Weight Triceps Arm girth Cholesterol Weight/

skinfold height

Partial correlation coefficient

0.378

0.312

0.374

0.368

0.320

0.334

--t0.788 0.398

0.783 0.283

0.798 0.462

0.106

0.175

0.289

0.086

0.183

0.259

0.179

0.153

0.370

1~nclude~other ~ac~I ~OUpSin addition to white and black.

0.022

0.022

0.031

0,033

0.033

0.044

–0.054

–0.055

–0.056

0.002

0.022

–0.001

0.012

0.029

0.010

–0.003

–0.003

0.000

ID.386

0.319

10.393

0,377

0.330

(1.355

().380

——

().268

().464

NOTE: All blood pressures are the average of 3 measurements.

80
Table 45. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex–mean, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, and

selected percentiles: United States, 1971-1972 (Apr. 1971-Ott. 1972)

Blood pressure, ag?, and sex

Standard Standard

Percentile

Mean

deviation error 5th 10th 25th 50th I

75th 90th 95th

Svslolic Blood pressure [mmHg)

105.3 110.0 118.7

113.3

114.7

122.0

129.0

136.0

122,7

130.0

122.0

124.0

132.0

140.7

150.7

131.3

162.0

139.3

145.3

160.0

170.0

185.3

168.0

144.0

145.3

160.0

164.7

183.3

1640

133.3

144.7

158.7

172.7

1 B6.O

96.7

=.3

95.0

100.0

99.3

89.3

96.7

91.3

95.3

101.0

100.0

97.0

96.0

64.7

93.3

94.7

98.3

100.7

173.3

149.3

151.3

171.3

181.3

193.3

169.3

133.6

122.6

124.8

135.5

143.7

153.1

135.2

127.2

128.8

136.9

143.6

149.1

132.1

118.4

121.0

134.3

143.7

156.2

*B1 .4

21.5 144.7

130.0

133.3

145.3

156.7

167.3

145.3

132.7

136.0

148.0

154.0

184.0

144.0

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. . .. .. . .... .. .. .. .. .. . . . 0.51

1.15

1.45

1.17

1.23

1.62

0.05

2.02

1.68

1.76

2.00

1.96

0.65

1.03

2.08

1.45

1.65

2.44

0,43

0.61

1.26

0.78

0.58

0.61

0.61

102.3

100.0

110.0

114.0

120.7

110.0

106.7

104.7

115.7

120.0

126.0

114.7

14.2

16.8

20.1

20.7

23.3

18.6

110.0

109.7

111.3

109.3

114.7

100.7

112.0

112.0

118.0

122.7

122.0

108.0

118.7

120.0

123.3

132.0

132.7

116.0

125.3

128.0

134.7

142.0

147.3

126.7

154.0

150.7

165.3

101.0

189.3

178.3

143.3

158.7

175.0

185.3

196.7

103.0

12.9

12.9

18.6

19.0

23.4

23.7

13.9

19.0

21.3

22.2

22.B

11.9

Women, 25-74 Vears ... .. .. .. . ... . .. .. ... .. . .. . .. ... . . .

109.3

106.3

120.7

127.3

140.0

73.3

70.0

71.3

76.0

77.0

75.3

76.7

117.3

117.7

131.3

140.0

152.7

80.0

76.0

78.0

83.3

34.7

82.7

83.0

125.3

130.0

142.7

159.3

168.0

88.7

82.7

86.7

90.0

92.7

90.0

90.0

96.7

98.0

106.7

114.7

126.0

643

61.3

63.3

66.7

68.0

67.3

67.3

104.0

100.0

114.7

118.7

130.0

67.3

65.3

84.7

70.7

70.7

71.3

70.7

Diastolic

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. . . ... . .. .. . .. .. ... ... .

%.7

103.0

108.0

103.3

103.3

102.7

96.7

100.0

106.7

104.7

101.0

103.3

76.7

79.8

&l.7

64.8

83.6

83.7

10.3

12.5

12.0

10.9

11.3

Men, 25-74 years .. . . ... . . ... .. . .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. ... ... .. . 10.B

79.3

82.0

85.3

86.0

03.3

77.3

72.7

74.7

80.0

84.0

02.0

05.3

69.3

92.7

93.3

90.0

86.0

78.0

82.7

86.7

80.7

90.7

80.0

82.9

S6 .6

86.2

83.4

79.3

9.2

10.5

11.6

10.7

10.5

12.4

1.07

1.42

1.21

O.m

0.85

0.48

0.65

1.57

0.81

0.77

1.12

56.0

67.3

70.0

70.0

67.3

62.7

60.0

61.3

66.7

67.3

66.7

68.3

71.3

73.0

73.3

71.7

65.3

63.3

63.3

70.0

69.3

70.7

74.0

76.0

79.3

7B.7

75.3

70,7

68.0

67.7

74,7

74.0

75.3

Women, 25-74 years .. . . . . . .. ., . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .

73.6

77.0

01.8

83.6

83.8

10.3

13.5

12.0

10.9

11.9

91.7

104.7

104.3

101.3

105.3

25-34 years .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . ... .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . ... .. . ... .. ..

35-44 years . . .. .. . . .... .. ... . .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . ... .

45-54 years .. . ... .. . .... . .. .. . . .... . ... .. .. .. . . ... ... . .. . .. ..

55-84 years .. .... .. .... . . .... . ... .. . .. . .. .. . . . ., ... ..!...... .. . ..

65-74 years .. .. .. .. .... . ... .. . ... .. . .... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ..

NOTE: All blood pressures are llIC average of 3 measurements.
Table 46. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex-mean, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, and

selected percentiles: United States, 1971-1974 (Apr. 1971-June 1974)

Blood pressure, age, and sex

1 1 1

Standard Standard

Percentile

Mean

deviation error 5th 10th 25th 50th I

75th 90th !95th

Systolic Blood pressure (mm Hg)

105.2

101.3

102,C

108.7

110,7

120.C

110.C

109.7

106.0

106.0

112.7

117.3

126.0

113.7

118.0

112.7

114.7

121.3

128.0

136.0

121.3

129.3

120.7

123.3

131.3

140.0

150.0

130.7

21.6

13.1

16.5

21.0

21.5

23.6

19.0

0.40

0.46

0.70

0,82

0.96

1,12

0.50

144,7

129,0

133.3

146.0

156.3

166.7

144.7

133.1 161.3 173.3

121.5

125.4

135.4

142.6

152.7

134,7

138,0

148.0

160.7

170.0

134,7

160.0

144.7

155.3

175.3

179.3

193.3

170.7

126,0

129.0

137.1

141,8

149.8

131.7

11.7

14.0

19.9

19.7

23.1

23.6

0.64

1.04

1.07

1.49

1.44

0.51

I 1O.c

I 07.3

112.0

109.3

113.7

101.3

112,0

112.0

115.3

116,7

121.3

106.7

118,7

119.0

122,7

128,0

134.0

115.3

124.7

128.0

134.0

140.0

148.7

126.0

116.0

118.7

130.0

140.0

151,3

80.7

76.0

80.0

83,3

64.0

83.3

83.3

132.0

137.3

148.0

154.0

164.0

144.0

123.3

130.0

144.0

159.3

168.0

88.7

140.7

14B.7

161.3

168.0

179.7

163.3

132.7

148.0

160.3

172.0

186.7

97.3

149.3

154.0

176.7

176.7

189,3

176.0

142,7

157,3

175.3

182,7

197.3

104.0

117.3

122.1

133,8

143.3

154.9

82.1

76.9

81.2

64.9

85.3

84.9

64.3

13.0

17.8

21.9

22.9

23.8

12.0

9,7

11.6

12.6

11.9

12.2

11.2

0.74

0.93

1.3.s

1.26

1.38

0.36

0.44

0.59

0.61

0.54

0.57

0.40

0.58

0.77

0.75

0.79

0,56

0.43

0.57

0.78

0.63

0.63

0.86

98.7

I 00.0

106.0

111.7

125.3

65.3

62.7

64.0

68.0

6B.O

68.0

68.0

66.7

70.0

71.3

70.0

67.3

63.3

60.7

62.7

66.7

67.3

68.7

102.7

102.7

110.0

118.0

128.7

68.0

65.3

67.3

71.3

73.7

71.3

71.3

69.3

71.3

74.0

73.3

71.3

66.7

63.3

64.7

70.0

70,0

71.3

109.3

110.0

118.7

126.7

138.0

74.0

70.7

72.7

76.7

76.7

76.0

76.7

74.0

76.0

80.0

78.0

76.7

72.0

68.0

70.7

74.7

75,3

76.0

Diastolic

82.0

88.0

90.7

92.7

91.3

90.7

89.3

96.0

100.7

100.0

100.7

98.7

91.3

97.3

102.3

102.0

100.0

96.7

85.0

93.3

97.3

100.0

101.3

94.0

102.0

108,0

107.3

105.7

104.7

96.0

102.0

110.7

108.7

106.0

103.3

90.0

103.3

105.3

105.3

105.3

80.0

83.9

87.5

86.6

84.9

80.2

74.0

78.8

82.6

64.1

84.9

8.8

10.4

12.5

11.4

11.4

12.4

80.0

82.7

86.0

86.0

84.0

78.7

73.3

78.0

81.3

82.7

83.0

85.3

90.0

93.3

93.3

91.3

B6.7

79.3

84.0

88.0

91.3

91.3

9.6

12.2

12.3

12.2

12.7

NOTE: All blood presaurea are the average of 3 measurements.

82
Table 47. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of adults 25-74 years, by age and sex-mean, srandard deviation, standard error of the mean, and

selected percentiles: United States, 1974-1975 (July 1974-Sept. 1975)

Percentile

Mean

Standard Standard

deuiation error 5th loth 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th

Blood pressure, age, and sex

Systolic Blood pressure (mmHg)

Both sexes, 25-74 years . . . . ... .... .. ... .. . .. . 130.1 116.0

119.3

123.4

131.6

141.1

146.0

130.8

123.2

126.6

131.7

139.2

142.3

129.4

20.2

12.6

16.1

18.5

21.7

21.6

18.2

0.53

0.54

0.82

0.98

1.33

1.25

0.77

I 04.0

101.3

101.3

106.7

112.0

116.7

I 08.0

108.0 126.7 139.3 156.0 168.0

142.0

152.0

166.0

180.0

186.0

25-34 veara .. . .. .. .. .. .. . ... . . ... .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .

3544 years .. . .... . .... . .... . ... .. .... . . .. .. . ... ... .. . .... . .. . .. ... ..

45-54 years . .. . . .. .. .. .. . ... .... .. . .... . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .

55-64 years .. .. .. .. .... . ... .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. ... . .. .. . .

65-74 years ... ... .. ... . . .... . .... . .... . . .... . .. .. ... .. . .... .. .. .. .. .. . .

104.7

105.3

110.7

118.0

122.0

111.3

110.7

113.3

119.3

126.0

130.7

118.7

118.0

121.3

129.3

138.0

143.3

128.0

126.7

132.0

140.0

152.0

159.3

138.7

136.7

140.7

154.0

168.0

176.0

153.3 164.7

146.0

156.7

162.7

176.0

179.3

Men, 25-74 years ... . .... . ... .. .... . .... .. ... . .... . .... . .

25-34 years . .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. . . .... .. .. . . ... ... .. . . .. .. .. ... . .. .. . .. ... .

3544 years .. .. .. .. .. ... . ... . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . ... . ... .. .... ..

45-54 years . .. .. ... . .... ... .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... . . .. .. . ... .. .

55.~years .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. ..... . .... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . ... . . .. .. . ... ..

65-74 years ... .. ... ... ... ... .. .... . .. .. . . .... .... .. . ... .. .. . . .... .. ... .

12.2

15.7

16.9

21.7

19.6

21.9

0.94

0.97

1.36

1.56

1.90

0.72

I04.7

105.3

110.0

110.7

114.7

102.0

109.3

106.7

114.7

116.7

119.3

105.3

114.7

116.7

121.3

123.3

127.7

113.3

121.3

125.3

130.0

134.0

139.3

125.3

131.3

133.3

138.0

152.0

156.0

140.7

140.0

144.0

150.7

167.3

167.3

Women, 25-74 years .... . ... . . .. .... . .. . ... .... . . ... . 158.7 171.3

25-34 years ............................................................

35-44 years ............................................ ....... .........

45-54 years .... . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .... . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .... .. .. .

55-64 years .. .. . ... .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. . . .. .. .... .. .. ..

65-74 years .... .. ... .. .. . .. ... .. ... . ... . .... .. ... ... .. .. . .... ... .. . ....

115.6

120.5

131.5

142.9

746.8

83.3

76.4

62.5

65.8

87.4

85.3

64.2

SO.2

64.2

66.9

87.7

83.1

82.5

11.6

16.0

19.9

21.5

22.7

11.1

9.8

10.9

10.6

11.2

10.5

11.3

9.9

10.6

11.3

12.1

10.9

10.8

0.56

1.24

1.16

1.68

2.14

0.41

0.50

0.45

0.81

0.52

0.75

0.64

0.76

0.8s

1.11

0.85

1.20

0.34

0.41

0.62

0.71

0.68

0.97

100.0

99.3

I04.0

I 14.7

121.3

67.3

63.3

66.0

71.0

71.3

70.0

68.0

64.7

68.0

70.7

71.3

66.0

66.7

62.7

67.3

77.0

71.3

71.3

102.7

102.7

108.7

119.3

123.3

70.7

108.0

110.0

118.0

128.7

132.7

76.0

114.0

118.7

128.0

139.3

145.3

82.0

121.3

128.7

142.0

152.7

164.0

66.3

131.3

137.3

156.7

168.7

181.3

97.3

138.0

146.0

168.0

160.7

196.7

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... . .. .. .. .. ... . ... . .. .. . 102.7

25-34 years .. ... . .. . .. .. ... .... .. . .... ... . .... ... .. .. ... .. . .. .. .. . . .. .

3544 years ........................... ............... ................

45-54 years ........ .............. ............................ ..........

5S~years .. ... ... . .. .. .... . .. .. ... . ... . .... ... . .. . .. ... . .... .. ... . ...

65-74 years ............. .......... .... ........................... .....

66.7

70.3

73.3

75.3

72,0

71.3

72.7

74.7

78.7

79.3

78.0

76.7

78.0

81.3

64.7

86.0

85.3

83.3

64.0

ea.o

92.0

W.o

91.0

90.7

90.7

95.3

96.7

102.0

99.3

9B.O

95.3

101.3

104.0

105.3

103.3

Men, 25-74 years . .. .. . ... .... .... . .. .. . ... . . .. .. . ... 103.3

25-34 years ....... .... ........... .... .............. .. .. ......

35-44 veals .......... ........... .. ...... ................ .... ......

45-54 years ..................... ...... ............................... .

55-64 years ..... .. ... . . .. ... . .. .. .. .. . ..... ... . ... .. . .. .. . ... . .. ... ... .

65-74 years . .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. ... . .. .. . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .... . ... . . .. . .. ... .

60.7

70.7

74.0

76.0

70.7

70.0

65.3

70.0

73.3

75.3

76.0

74.0

77.3

79.3

79.3

74.7

75.3

70.7

74.0

78.0

So.o

EJ3.7

80.0

S4.o

86.0

86.0

83.0

81.3

76.7

79.3

82.7

85.7

86.0

85.3

69.3

93.3

94.3

90.0

88.7

94.0

96.7

100,7

102.7

97.3

96.0

97.0

103.3

106.7

105.3

103.3

Women, 2S74 yeara ,, . ... .. .. ... .. ... . .... . .... . .... 102.0

25-34 years ... .............. .. .... . .......... .............. ........

~

3544 years ... .. ... ... . .. .. .. . .. .. .... . ... .. .... ... .. . .... . ... .. ... ..

NOTE: All blood pm~ures are the average of 3 measurements.

76.7

80.8

SA.7

87.2

87.0

9.4

10.6

9.9

10.4

9.8

S2.o

S6.o

90.0

94.0

92.0

88.0

92.0

97.3

I00.0

101.3

91.3

100.0

103.0

1m7

1W7
Table 48. Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 vears with definite hypertension, by race, age, and sex with standard errors and

age-adjusted rates: Unitad States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974, and 1974-1975

All racesl White Black

Rate

per

100

adults

Population

in

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thOuSands

Standard

error

of

rate

POpu- Standard

arror

of

rate

Rate

per

100

adults

Rate

per

100

adults

Time period, age, and sex Iation

in

thousands sands

1971-1972 (Apr. 1971-OCC 1972)” I

0.92

1.80

1.93

2.19

2.36

3.61

1.6B

1.01

0..s1

0.93

1.95

1.73

2.10

1.9a

1.05

1.08

1.05

18,505

1,806

2,436

4,164

5,455

4,644

9,203

9,302

19,180

~

1,449

2,855

4,706

5,464

4,6a5

9,937

9,243

18,342

15.7

*4.3

‘7.9

16,1

26,6

34a

16.4

15.0

16,7

4.7

10.4

7a.7

26.4

35.3

I a.4

15.2

15.7

0.94

1.93

2.12

2.15

2.7a

4.07

1.62

1.05

o.az

0.73

1.85

1.62

2.03

2.09

1.21

o.9a

0.96

14,413

~

970

1,544

3,375

4,593

3,937

7,211

7,202

15,554

965

2,027

3,899

4,602

4,061

8,154

7,400

15,162

I ,55a

1,963

3,662

4,624

3,455

a,ozo

7,142

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.,.

. .

. . .

. . .

. . .

3a.o

*29.5

‘32.2

*32.6

54.1

61.9

41.6

35.1

33.6

*16,5

*3 I .1

34.7

54.8

53.0

37.8

30.4

2a.7

*8.6

23a

43.0

48.1

“27.1

30.9

27.0

39.3

42.4

36.6

35.2

39.0

32.3

28.6

30.4

27.6

3.63

7.68

9.25

8.59

a,40

6.46

7.94

4.02

2.74

5.18

7.91

6.23

7.76

5.5a

5.23

4.53

3.74

4.6a

9.70

a.90

11.70

9.48

5.73

4.44

..-

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

3 ,!368

————

836

i’74

777

770

711

1,666

2,002

3,443

—- —.

485

739

7g!j

832

59:!

1,692!

1,757

3,042

237

568

1,000

695

342

1,425

1,617

. . .

. . .

.,.

. . .

. . .

.,.

. . .

. . .

,..

Both sexes, 25-74 years . .. .. .... . . .. . ... .. .... . . .. .. .. .... .. . ... . 1a.o

‘7.0

10.9

17.a

2a.a

37.2

18.8

17.2

18.4

5.4

12.9

20.2

28.6

36.9

20.1

16.9

16.9

Men, 25-74 Vears .. .. .... .... .. .... .. . . ... . .... . .... .... . .. .. . ... .. ... ... .

Women, 25-74 years .. .. . ... .. ... . . . .. . ..... ... . .... . .. ... ... . ... .. . .. ..

1971-1974 (Apr. 1971 -Juna 1974)

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... .. .. . .. ..... . ... . ... ... .... . .. . .... . .. .

Men, 25-74 years ... . ... .. .. . .... .. ... . .... .. .. .... .. .. . .. .. . .... ... .. .. ..

Women, 25-74 Vears .. .. .... . ... . ... ... .... ... ... .. . .... .. .. .... . .... . ..

1974-1975 (July 1974-Sapt. 1975)

Both sexes, 25-74 years ..........................................

1,795

2,566

4,719

5,464

3,797

9,516

a,a27

. . .

,..

. . .

. . .

. .

. . .

. . .

. . .

6,0

10.0

17.4

25,7

2a.3

77.4

14.2

15.6

16.3

14.8

16.6

la.3

15.0

15.6

17.4

14.0

1.13

1.67

2.12

1.74

2.73

1.92

0.99

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .

. . .

6.1

11.4

20.0

2a.o

2a.2

18.5

15.5

1.17

1.64

2.40

1.86

2.69

1.82

1.07

. . .

,..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

Men, 25-74 years .. . .... .. .. .... . ... . ... ... ... . ... .. ... . ... .. ... ... ..... . .

Women, 25-74 years ... .. .. ... ... . ... .... .... .... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . ...

Age-adjusted rates

1971-1972:

Seth sexes, 25-74 years ... . ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . .... . ... .. .. .. ... ... .. . .. .

Men, 25-74 years .. .. ... .... . ... . ... . .... . .... ... ... ... .. .. . ... . . ... . ... . .. .. .. .

Women, 25-74 years . .. .... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ... ... .. .. .. . ... .. ... ... . ... .. .

1971-1974:

Both sexas, 25-74 years .......................................... ...........

Men, 25-74 years .. . ... . .... .. .. .. .. . .... . .... .. ..... .. .. .... ... . ... . ... . .... ...

Women, 25-74 years ..........................................................

1974-1975:

Both sexes, 25-74 yews .....................................................

Menr 25-74 years ........ ...... .... .................................... .... .....

Women, 25-74 years ..........................................................

I1ncludes other racial grOUPS in addition to white and black.

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive statua is based are the average of 3 measurements.

84
Table 49, Prevalence rates and population estimates of adults 25-74 years with diastolic blood pressure of at least 105 mmHg, by race, age, and sex

with standard errors and age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974, and 1974-1975

All races 1 White Black

Standard

error

of

Population

in

thousands

4,292

560

916

1,351

844

614

2,023

2,269

5,083

354

976

1,579

1,366

789

2,612

2,472

4,152

Standard

error

of

rsm

Standard

error

of

rate

Population

in

thousands

Rate

per

100

sdults

Rate

per

100

adults

15.9

+19.1

“17.5

+12.1

+ 12.4

●1 6.9

‘16.4

●1 5.6

12.7

●8.9

‘13.8

11.3

●17.1

17.6

12.7

12.7

9.9

Rate

per

100

adults

4.2

●2.2

+4.1

5.8

‘4.5

“4.9

4.1

4.2

4.9

●1.3

‘4.4

6.8

7.2

6.2

5.3

4.5

3.8

Iation

in

thoussnds

Time period, age, and sex

1971-1972 [Apr. 1971-Ott. 1972)

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. .. .. .... . ... .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. .

25-34 years .. ... . .. .... .... . . .. .. .. . ... . . .... ... . .. .. .. .. ... .. . .. .. .. .... . . .. .. . . .. .. . . ... .

354years . ... .. . .... . ... . . . .. ... .... . . .. .. . . ... .. ... .. . .. .. . ... .. . ... .. . .. .. .. . .... . .. ...

45-54 years . .... .. . .. . ... .. . . .. .. . .... . .. .. . . ... . .. . ... . . ... . ... ... . .. ... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. ...

55-64 years . .... . ... .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . ... . . . ... . .. . . .. . .. ... . .. ... .. ... . . .. . ... .... . . .. .. . .. ..

65-74 years ... .. .. ... .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . ... .. . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .... . . ... .

Men, 25-74 years .. .. .. . . .. ... . .. .. . . .... . . .. ... . .... . ... .. .. .. .. . . ... ... .. ..

Women, 25-74 years . .. .. .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ...

1971-1974 (Apr. 1971-June 1974)

Both sexes,.25-74 years ... . . .. . . .... ... . . .. ... .. . .... . .. . ... .. . .. ...

25-34 years ... .. .. . .. .. . . ... .. ... . ... .. .. . .. ... . .. ... ... .. . .. ... . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. ...

3544 years ... .. .. . .. .. ... .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . ... .. . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. ... .

4S54 yearn . .. .. .. . .... . ... .. . .. .. . . .. .. . .... . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... . ... .. .. .... ...

55-64 years . .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. . ... .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... . .. .. .. . .... . . ... ... ..

65-74 years ... ... . .. ... ... .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. ... . .. . .. ... . .. ... .. .. ... ... . . .. .

Men, 25-74 years . .. .. .. .. ... . .. .... . .. . .. .. .... .. ... .. . .... . . .. ... . .. .. .. ...

Women, 25-74 years ..... . ... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . . ... .. . . ..

1974-1975 (July 1974-Sept. 1975)

Both sexes, 25-74 years . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

25-34 years .. . ..... .. .. .. .. . .. ... . ... .. .... .. .. .. .. ... . .. ... .. . .. ... . .. . ... .. ... . .. .. .. . . ..

35-44 years . .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. .... . ... .. . ... .. . . .. .. . ... . .. ... . . .. .. .. . ... .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . ...

45-54 years ... . ... ... . ... .. . .... . . .... . ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. . ... .. ... ... . ... .. . .... . . ... .. . ... .

55-64 yearn . .. .. .. .. ... .. ... . .... . .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. . . .. .. . ... .. .. .... . ... .. . .. ... . .. ... . ... .

65-74 years . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .... . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. . . .... .. . . .. . . ...

Men, 25-74 years .... .. .. ... .. .. .. . .. ... .. . .. ... .. .. .. . . .. .. . ... .. . ... .. . ... .

Women, 25-74 years ... .. . .. . ... .. . .. ... . .. ... .. . ... . . .. .. . .. ... . .. .. ... . . .

Age-adjusted rates

1971-1972:

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. ... .. . .. ... . . .. .. . .. ... . ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. . .. ...

Men, 25-74 years . .. .. . ... .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . . .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . ... . .. . .. ... ..

Women, 25-74 years .. .. ... . .. .. . ... .. . ... .. . . .... . . .. .. . . ... . . . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .

1971-1974:

Both sexes, 25-74 years . .. ... . ... .. ... . .. . .. ... .. . ... . .. .. .. ... .. .. . ... . .... . . .

Men, 25-74 years .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . ... ... .. .. . .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Women, 2574 years .. .. . .... . . ... .. ... .. .. . ... . .. .. .. ... . .. . .. .. . .. ... .. .. ... . ..

1974-1975:

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... . .. ... .. .. .. . . .... . . ...

Men, 25-74 years ... . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. ... . .. ... . . ... .. . ... .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. . ..

Women, 25-74 years .. ... . .. ... .. . . .... .. . .. .. .... ... . .. .. ... . .. . . .. . ... .. .. . ..

0.60

1.13

1.27

1.37

1.19

1.26

0.92

1.00

0.41

0.52

1.13

1.05

1.17

0.94

0.65

0.48

0.48

2.9

●0. I

●2.5

+5.0

●3.9

*3.7

‘2.9

●2.9

4.0

+0.4

●3.3

6.3

6.4

5.0

4.6

3.6

3.2

0.55

0.12

1.25

1.40

1.14

1.20

0.79

0.88

0.42

0.22

0.98

1.11

1.14

0.92

0.69

0.41

0.36

2,669

27

494

1,061

667

420

1,267

1,382

3,758

93

648

1,316

1,122

578

2,021

1,737

3,098

3.29

10.49

6.83

4.30

3.92

5.91

4.80

5.38

1.67

4.43

4.81

2.43

6.16

3.E4

2.94

2.87

3.22

1,620

541

422

288

176

194

734

887

1,305

261

327

259

260

197

570

735

1,053

●1.3

2.9

●4.8

6.9

●4.8

4.3

3.4

0.35

0.65

1.37

1.12

1.24

0.69

0.54

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

376

653

1,129

1,348

646

2,221

1,931

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

:..

. . .

1.3

*2.1

“3.4

5.8

+5.1

3.7

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

4.0

4.5

3.5

3.2

3.7

2.7

0.32

0.53

1.11

0.94

1.37

0.66

0.47

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

330

405

726

1,020

61 B

I,70i

1,397

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

*1.7

●1O.4

~17.3

●1 7.6

*2.2

●1 1.3

●8.9

15.7

16.4

15.0

13.0

12.9

13.1

9.8

10.9

8.8

1.62

4.44

6.24

8.38

2.28

5.22

3.08

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

46

248

403

328

28

519

534

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

Ihd”des other ~aci~ ~OUPS in addition to white and b~ckNOTE: AU blood pressures on which hypertensive statua is based are the average of 3 measurements.

85
Table 50. Prevalence rates and Drmmlatian estimates of adults 25-74 vears with borderline hypertension, bv race, age, and sex with standard errors ,,

.

and age-adjusted rates: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974, and 1974-1975

Time period, age, and sex

1971-1972 (Apr. 1971 -Oct. 1972)

Both sexes, 25-74 years .... . ... . ... . .... ... .. . .... . ... .. .. . .... . .

,

25-34 years .. .... . ... . .. ... .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .... . . .. .. .. .

3544 years . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . ... . .. .. . . .... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . ... . . .... .. .

45-54 years .. .... .. ... . .. .. . .... . .... .. .. .. . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . ... . .. ... .. . .. . . ... . .. .

55-64 yeara .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ... . .. ... . .... . .. ... .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

65-74 yeara ... .. .. . ... . .. .. . ... .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .... .... .. .. ... ... . .. ... . ..

Men, 25-74 vears ... .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .... . .. ... ... .. .. ... . .. .. . . .... .. ... . ..

Women, 25-74 years .. .. ... . .. .. . ... .. . ... . ... .. ... ... .... . .. ... .. .. .. . .

1971-1974 (Apr. 1971-June 1974)

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... .. ... .... . ... .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .... . .. .

25-34 years . . ... . .... .. .. .. . . .. . . ... . .. .. . . .. .... . ... . ..... .. .. .. ... . .. ... . .. .. .. . ... .. .

3544 years .. .. .. .... . .... ... .. ... . .. .. .. . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ... .. . .. .. . . ... . . ... .. .. .

45-54 years .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. . . .... . . .. .. .. .. .. ...

55-64 years .. ... . .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. . ... . . .... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .

65-74 years .. .. . . .. .. . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .

Men, 25-74 years . ... .. ... .. .. ... . .. ... .... .. .. .. .. ... . ... ... ... . . .... . ...

Women, 25-74 years .... .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. . . .... . ... .. . .... . ..

1974-1975 (JuIv 1974-Sept. 1975]

Both sexes, 25-74 years . . . . .. .... .. ... .. . .. .. .. . . .. . .. .. . . ..

25-34 years .. .. .. ... .... . .... . ... . .. .. . .. .. . ... .. .. ... . .... . .... . .... . .... .. .... . .. .. . ..

3544 years .. .. .. . .. ... . . .. .. . ..... .. .. .. .. . . ... . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. . . .. . . . ..... .

45-54 years .. .. .. .... ... . .... . . ... .. .. . . ... . . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. . .. . .. .. ... ... .. ... . .. .. . ..

55-64 years .... .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . .... . .... . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. ... .. .. . . .

65-74 years .... .. ... .. ... .... . . ... . ... .. . .. .. .... . . .... .. ... . .... . ... . . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .

Men, 25-74 years ... .. .. .. ... .. .... . .. .. .. .. .. . . ... .. . .. . .. .. ... .. .. .... . .

Women, 25-74 years ... . .. .. . ... .. ... .. . .... . .. .. . . .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .

Age-adjusted rates

1971-1972:

Both sexes, 25-74 years .... . ... .. . ... . . .... . .... . .. ... . ... . . .... . .... .... ...

Men, 25-74 years .... . .... .. ... .. .. .. .... . .. .. . .. ... . .... . .. ... . ... . . . .. .. . ... ..

Women, 2S74 years .... . ... .. .... . .. ... .. .. .. .... . .... . .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. . ... ..

1971-1974:

Both sexes, 25-74 years . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .... . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . ...

Men, 25-74 years . ... . . .... ... .. . .... ... . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. ... . ... .. . .. .. ... ..

Women, 25-74 years ... .. .... . ... .. .. . .. . ... .. .. ... .. ... . .. ... .. ... .. ... . ... ..

1974-1975:

Both sexes, 25-74 years .. ... ... .. .. ... .. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. . .. . .. .. .. .

Men, 25-74 years ... . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .... . ... .. . .. ... .. .. . . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. .

Women, 25-74 years .... . ... .. .... . . ... . .. ... . .. ... .. ... . ... .. .. ... . .. .. ... .. .

lIncludes other racial groups in addition to white and black.

Rate

per

100

adults

17.6

*5.5

12.4

20.9

25.7

33.3

20.1

15.3

17.6

7.2

13.6

19.8

24.7

32.2

19.6

15.9

16.1

7.0

9.2

19.1

24.9

29.5

16.5

15.8

All races]

Standard

error

of

rate

0.89

1.81

2.53

2.37

2.16

3.86

1.80

1.21

0.70

l.I8

1.51

1.81

1.90

1.80

1.22

0.91

0.75

0.93

1.32

1.63

1.97

2.51

1.12

1.14

. . .

. .

.

. . .

. . .

.

. . .

. . .

Population

in

thOu -

sands

18,1OB

1,411

2,775

4,899

4,868

4,154

9,822

8,287

18,376

1,927

3,008

4,608

4,740

4,034

9,647

8,726

17,481

2,075

2,061

4,495

4,072

3,978

8,492

8,989

. . .

. . .

. .

. . .

. .

. .

. .

Rate

per

100

adults

18.3

*5.4

12.0

21.9

27.2

35.0

20.8

16.0

17.9

7.3

12.7

19.6

26.0

33.4

20.1

16.0

16.0

5.9

8.0

19.9

25.2

30.7

16.1

16.0

18.2

20.7

15.8

17.0

20.0

15.8

15.9

16.0

15.0

White

5tandard

error

of

rate

0.99

2.04

2.99

2.36

2.50

4.18

2.09

1.32

0.79

1.31

1.81

1.95

2.12

1.98

1.36

0.96

0.09

0.08

1.42

1.66

2.05

2.80

1.39

1.31

. . .

. . .

.

. .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .

. . .

Population

in

thOu -

sands

I6,829

1,224

2,353

4,607

4,690

3,955

9,140

7,690

16,667

1,725

2,463

4,069

4,530

3,839

0,901

7,766

15,466

1,519

1,580

4,T90

4,432

3,745

7,403

8,062

. . .

. .

. . .

. .

. . .

. . .

. . .

Rate

per

100

adults

11.8

*5.2

‘17.6

*12,3

12.5

*13.7

13.4

10.5

15.9

*6.3

22.1

20.9

14.4

19.5

15.7

16.0

10.1

‘20.1

*17.O

++12.2

‘23.7

●18.4

21.9

15.1

11.9

13.3

10.0

16.0

15.6

16.5

18.2

22.1

15.2

Black

Standa rd

error

of

rate

1.78

3.14

6.16

3.64

2.96

4.14

3.10

1.05

1.71

2.64

4.72

4.60

4.33

4.11

3.10

2.54

2.24

5:49

5.53

3.96

7.44

9.89

4.04

3.45

. .

. . .

. . .

. .

. . .

. . .

. .

. . .

. . .

——

POpuIati on

in

thclu-

——

1,,198

————

147

423

292

178

157

601

597

1,627

————

105

525

480

218

218

702

924

1,917

————

556

405

283

440

233

1,012

904

. . .

. . .

.

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .

.

. . .

——

NOTE: MI blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

86
Table 51. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with definite hypertension,

by race and sex showing standard errors and age-adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974, and 1974-1975

Time period and sex

All

White Black

Al I

1 White

races racesl Black

1971-1972 (Apr. 1971-Ott. 1972) Percent of adults Standard error of percent

53.8 56.0 48.4 3.13 4.47 7.32

64.6 68.5 53.6 5.36 6.40 8.58

43.1 43,6 *43.5 4.72 5.06 13.63

50.8 53.2 42.4 2.39 2.54 5.20

60.1 63.1 48.5 3.45 3.51 7.73

40.8 42.3 36.4 3.10 3.32 7.82

45.4 46.2 42.2 2.22 2.13 8.30

49.7 51.4 *42.6 3.17 3.00 12.75

40.6 40.3 41.8 3.29 3.27 10.34

Age-adjusted percent

Both sexes, 25-74 years ... ......................

Men, 25-74 years ..... .......... ........ .... ........ ...... ..........

Women, 25-74 years ......... .............................. .......

57.3

IF

49.7

68.2 57.1

45.9 41.8

53.6 41.8

63.3 49.4

43.0 33.7

1971-1974 (Apr. 1971 -Jun~ 1974)

Both sexes, 2574 years .. .......................

Men, 25-74 years ........ ...........................................

Women, 25-74 years ......... ..................... ................

1974-1975 (July 1974-Sept. 1975) 4+46.4 42.7

51.4 45.0

40.9 45.0

Both sexes, 25-74 years .........................

Men, 25-74 years ...... ...................... ...................... .

Women, 25-74 years ... ...... ................ ................ .....

l~n~udes other racial groups in addition to white and blackNOTE: All bjood pressures on which hypertensive status is baaed are the average of 3 measurements.

Table 52. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with diastolic blood pressure

of 105 mmHg or more, by race and sex showing standard errors and ag+adjusted percents: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-1974,

and 1974-1975

=lT=l= All

White 81ack

Al I

races 1

1 White Black

races Time period and sex

1971-1972 (ADr. 1971-Ott. 1972) Percent of adults Standard error of percent I Age-djusted percent

6.83

11.91

13.24

9.66

T

11.74

16.25 15.21

16.43 23.60 7

43.1 42.6

58.4 43.1

30.2 42.9

8oth sexes, 25-74 years ......................... 45.6 48.8 *40.4

Men, 25-74 years ... ...... ................ .... ......................

Women, 25-74 years ....... ............. .............. ............

51.6

●40.2

‘63.0

●35.5

●31 .9

*47.4

1971-1974 (Apr. 1971-June 1974)

8oth sexes, 25-74 years ................. .... ... . 4.52

6.94

Women,

Men, 25-74

25-74

years

years

......

.

.

..

..

..

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

..

..

..

..

..

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

..

.

.

..

.

.

.

.

..

..

.

.

.

.

. 5.74

w 46.2 37.4

36.1 35.6 ●37.3 33.7 35.2

31.9 35.0 *22.7 4

6.19 12.97

4.83 6.41

8.60 12.13

5.84 11.72

1974-1975 (July 1974-Sept. 1975)

Both sexes, 25-74 years ......................... 4.51 35.0 I 15.6

6.64

6.05

“20.3

●24.9

,

36.0 I

19.8

33.6 11.8

Men, 25-74 years ................. ...................... ............

Women, 25-74 years ................ .... ...... ........ ............

II 1 —

lInclude~ other racial groups in addition to white and black.

NOTE: All blood pressures on which hypertensive status is based are the average of 3 measurements.

87
Table 53. Percent of adults 25-74 years of age never diagnosed as having high blood pressure among those with borderline hypertension,

by race and sex showing standard errors and age-adjusted values for percents: United States, 1971-1972, 1971-197’4, and

1974-1975

Time period and sex

1971-1972 (Apr. 1971-Ott. 1972)

Both sexes, 25-74 years .........................

Men, 25-74 years . ....... .................... ...... .......... .......

Women, 25-74 years .... .................... .... ........ ..........

1971-1974 (Apr. 1971-June 1974)

Both sexes, 25-74 years ......... .. ..............

Men, 25-74 years ..... .......... .......... .... .. ........ .... ........

Women, 25-74 years ........ ............... .. ................ .....

1974-1975 (July 1974-Sept. 1975)

Both sexes, 25-74 years ............. ............

Men, 25-74 years ................................................. ..

Womenr 25-74 years ............. .................................

Al I

1 White Black

All

races

White racesl Black

Percent of adults I !3andarderror of percent

75.1

81.4

67.7

72.4

79.1

65.1

63.0

71.0

55.5

1 Includes other racial groups in addition to white and black.

76.1 64.4 2.95

R

3.16 9.14

82.6 69.2 4.15 4.34 12.90

68.3 *59.5 4.09 4.48 15.03

73.7 60.3 2.24 2.37 7.47

80.7 62.2 3.11 3.19 13.87

65.7 58.9 3.51 3.80 10.36

2!IUEE

‘Age-adjusted percent

++%

I

68.7 58.4

73.9 61.9

80.8 67.6

66.1 54.3

63.9 59.8

71.2 70.2

56.7 54.6

NOTE: A1blood pressures onwhich hypefientive status is based arethe average of 3 measurements,

88
APPENDIXES

CONTENTS

I.

II.

III.

L

LL

III.

Iv.

v.

VI.

VII.

VllI.

Statistical Notes ......... .. .................... ............ .... ..... ..... ............... ............ .............. ............ ..... .. ..... .

The Suwey Dcsi,~m.......... ...... .......................... ..................... ................................. ..................

Nonresponse .......... .............. .. ...... ...... .. ..... ............... ........................ . ........ ..... ............... .... ....-

hlissing Data .................... ....... ................... .............. ...... .. ............ ...... ...... ........ ...... .............. ....

SmaUNumberz .............. ....... .................... .............. ...... .............. .......................... ............. ...-

Estimation Methods .................. ................ ............ .............. .............. ....... ..............................

Sampling and hksurement Error.. .................. .. ...... ............. ..... .............. ........ ................ .......

Tests of Significance ....... .... ........ .......... .......... ........ ...... ............................ ..............................

Standardized Vafues .............................................. .. ................. .. .......... ............ ......................

Demographic and Socioeconomic Terms ..................... ............. ...... ........... ........................... ......-

Sources of Variation in Blood Pressure Measurements ..... ....... .............. ........... ...........................-

Order of Measurement ....... .. ............ ....................... ....... ...... .................. ............. ........ ............

Venipuncture .............. .................................... .. .. ...................................................... ........ .... .

End-Digit Preference .................. ......................... ...... ................ ........... ......... .................. .......

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

Total number of examinees and number of examinees with missing systolic and diastolic blood

pressure measurements in the first sitting position, by race, sex, and age of the exarninee:

United States, 1971-1975 ............ ..... ............................ ............... ..................... ........ ................

Total number of emuninees and number of examinees with missing systolic snd diastolic blood

pressure measurements in the recumbent position, by race, sex, and age of the exarninee:

United States, 1971-1975 .. ....... .. ...... ..................... ..... ....... ...... ....... .............................. ............

Total number of examiners and number of examinees with missing systolic rmd diastolic blood

pressure measurements in the second sitting position, by race, sex, and age of the examinee:

United States, 1971-1975 .................................................. .................... .................. ........ .........

Number of examined persons and estimated population, by race, age, and sex of the exarninee:

United States, 1971-1972 ............................................. ................... ....... ..... ................... ........ ..

Number of examined persons and estimated population, by race, age, and sex of the examinee:

United States, 1971-1974 ........................... ....... .......... ........................... ................. .. ............. ..

Number of examined persons and estimated population, by race, age, and sex of the examinee:

United States, 1971-1975 ............... .............. .... ............ .. ............ ...... ........................................

Number of examined persons and estimated population, by race, age, and sex of tbe examinee:

United States, 19741975 ........ ................................. ........ ..... ........... ............ ............... ...... .......

Proportion (age-adjusted) of adults with systolic pressure of 120 mmHg or more and diastolic

pressure of 80 mmHg or more on the 3 blood pressure measurements at the 100 examination

locations in the National Health and Nukition Examination Survey of 1971 -1975 ...... ...... ......

91

91

93

94

96

96

96

98

101

102

104

104

104

106

94

95

95

97

98

99

100

104
Ix. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of exarninees 7-74 years, by time between initiaf blood

pressure reading and venipuncture and age-mean, standard error of, the mean, age-adjusted

values, and sample size: United States, 1971-1974 .................................................................... 105

x. Percent distribution of end-digits of systolic and diastofic blood pressure measurements in the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-1974 and the Natioml Health ‘J

. Examination Surveys of 1960-1962, 1963-1965, and 1966-1970 ..........L...............................-. 106

r.
APPENDIX I

STATISTICAL NOTES

The Survey Design

The sample design for the first National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(NHANES I) is basically a three-stage, stratified

probability sample of loose clusters of persons in

kind-based segments. The sample was designed

to be representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized population within designated age

ranges, in the coterminous United States excluding persons residing on lands set aside for

use by American Indians. Successive elements

dealt with in the process of sampling were the

primary sampling units (PSU), census enumeration district (ED), segment (a cluster of households ), household, eli~ble persons, and finally

sample persons.

For the 1971-1974 period (April 1971-June

1974) the design provided for the selection of a

representative sample of the target population

1-74 years of age to be given the nutrition and

certain related components, with a subsampling

among adults 25-74 years of age who would also

receive a more detailed examination that was

focused on other aspects of health and health

care needs. To increase the size for this subsampling and consequently the usefulness of the

data obtained, the design further provided for

the selection of an additional nationally representative sample of adults 25-74 years of age in

1974-1975 (July 1974-September 1975) to be

given the detailed examination. This extension

of NHA.NES I is also referred to as the “Augmentation Survey. ”

The starting points in the first stage of this

design were the 1960 decennial census lists of

addresses and the nearly 1,900 primary sampling

units (PSU’S ) into which the entire United States

was divided. Each PSU is either a standard

metropolitan statistical area (SMSA), a county,

or two or three contiguous counties. The PSU’S

were grouped into 357 strata as they were for

use in the National Health Interview Survey

during 1963-1972, and subsequently collapsed

into 40 superstrata for use in the NHANES L

During April 1971-June 1974, 15 of the 40

superstrata which contained a single large metropolitan area of more than 2 million population

were chosen in the sample with certainty. The

remaining 25 noncertainty strata were classified

into four broad geo~aphic regions of approximately equal population (when the large metropolitan are as selected with certainty were included) and cross-classified into four broad

population density groups in each region. Then a

modified Goodman-Kish controlled-selection

technique was used to select two PSU’S from

each of the 25 noncertainty superstrata with the

probability of selection of a PSU proportionate

to its 1960 population and so that proportionate

representation of specified State groups and rate

of population change classes were maintained in

the sample. In this manner a total first-stage

sample of 65 PSU’S was selected. These 65

sample PSU’S are the areas within which a

cluster sample of persons was selected for

examination at the particular examination location designated within each area. The mobile

examining units were moved from one location

to the next during this 39-month period (1971-

1974) to permit administering those single-time

examinations to the cross-sectional sample of

the target population.

The 1960 census data were used as the frame

for selecting the sample within PSU’S for the

first 44 of the 65 examination locations in

NHANES I; the then-available 1970 census data

were used for the rem tinder. The ED’s in each

91
PSU were divided into segments of an expected

six housing units each. For large urban ED’s, the

segments were clusters of six addresses from the

1960 Census Listing Books (later the corresponding books for 1970). For other ED’s,

area sampling was employed and consequently

some variation in the segment size occurred. To

make the sample representative of the thencurrent population of the United States, the

address or list segments were supplemented by a

sample of housing units that had been constructed since 1960 as described.G

Within each PSU a systematic sample of

segments was selected. The enumeration districts

that fell into the sample were coded into one of

two economic classes. The first class, identified

as the “poverty stratum,” was composed of

“current poverty areas” that had been identified

by the Bureau of the Census in 1970 (pre-1970

Census ), plus other ED’s in the PSU with a mean

income of less than $3,000 in 1959 (based on

1960 Census). The second economic class, the

“nonpoverty stratum,” included all ED’s not

designate d as belonging to the “poverty stratum.” All sample segments classified as being in

the “poverty stratum” were retained in the

sample. For those sample segments in “nonpoverty stratum” ED ‘s, the selected segments

were divided into eight random subgroups and

one of the subgroups was chosen to remain in

the NHANES I sample. This procedure permits

separate analyses with adequate reliability of

those classified as being “below the poverty

level” and those classified as being “above the

poverty level.”

After identifying the sample segments, a list

of all current addresses within the segment

boundaries was made, and the households were

interviewed to determine the age and sex of each

household member, as well as other demographic and socioeconomic information.

To select the persons in the sample segments

to be examined in NHANES I, all household

members ages 1-74 years in each segment were

listed on a sample selection worksheet, with

each househoId in the segment listed serially.

The number of household members in each of

Note: A list of references follows the text.

the six age-sex groups shown below were listed

on the worksheet under the appropriate age-sex

group column. The sample selection worksheets

were then put in segment number order and a

systematic random sample of persons in each

age-sex group was selected to be examined using

the following sampling rates:

Sampling

Age rate

1-5 years ............................ 11/2

6-19 years .......................... :1/4

20-44 years (men) .............

:1/4

20-44 years (women) ......... “1/2

45-64 years ........................ 1/4

65-74 years ........................ 1

The persons selected in the 65-stand sample

of NHANES I comprise a representative sample

of the target population and incluc[ed 28,043

sample persons 1-74 years of age.

For those to also receive the detailed health

examination at the first 65 stands of NHANES I,

a subsample of those adults 25-74 years of age in

the total or “nutrition” sample was then chosen

system atically after a random start using the

sampling rates shown below:

Subsampling

Age rate

25-44 years (men) .............. 2/5

25-44 years (women) ......... 1/5

45-64 years ........................ 3/5

65-74 years ........................ 1/4

As a result, adults 45-74 years of age in the

first 65 PSU’S were subsampled for the detailed

examination at a somewhat higher rate than

those 25-44 years of age.

During the Augmentation period in 1974-

1975 (July 1974-September 1975), the sample

of adults 25-74 years of age selected for examination in locations 66-100 constitute a national

probabdity sample of the target population.

Also, when considered jointly with those

selected for the NHANES I detailed examinations in locations 1-65, the entire 1OO-PSU

sample is also nationally representative of the

target population at that time.

92
The starting point for the selection of the

Augmentation sample was the 1970 decennial

census list of addresses and PSU’S. The sampling

methods for establishing the sample frame were

generally similar to those used in the first 65

PSU’S. However, only 5 of the 15 superstrata

composed of only one very large metropolitan

area of more than 2 million population were

drawn into the sample for locations 66-100 with

certainty. The remaining 10 of these superstrata

were collapsed into 5 groups of 2 each, only 1

which was chosen for the Augmentation Survey

with a probability of selection of 0.5. When

these latter five locations me considered a part

of the 100-PS,U design they are selected with

certainty.

In this Augmentation Survey, there was no

economic axis of stratification and no oversampling among special groups. One of every

two eli~ble persons within sample households

(using a random start among those 25-74 years

of age) was selected for participation in the

survey.

Nonresponse

In any health examination survey, after the

sample is identified and the sample persons are

requested to participate in the examination, the

survey meets one of its more severe problems.

Usually a sizable number of sample persons who

are willing to complete the household information and possibly some of the medical history

will not participate in the examination. Individual p ruticipation is deteqined by many

factors, some of which are uncontrollable; therefore, it may be treated as a random event with a

particular probability of occumence. In this

situation, the effect of nonparticipation would

only reduce the sample size, tbereb y increasing

the sampling variability of examination findings.

In practice, however, a potential for bias due to

nonresponse exists if nonparticipation is not a

random event and if nonparticipants differ from

participants. Because of the possibility of bias,

intensive efforts are made in NHANES to

develop and implement procedures and inducements that would reduce the number of nonrespondents, thereby reducing the potential of

bias due to nonresponse. These procedures are

discussed in Vital and Health Statistics, Series

l-No. 10a.6

During the early stages of NHANES I when

it became apparent that the response rate for the

examinations was lower than in the preceding

health examination surveys, a study of the effect

of remuneration on response in NHANES was

undertaken. The findings published in Vital and

Health Statistics, Series 2-No. 6732 were considered sufficient to include remuneration as a

routine procedure in NHANES I starting with

the 21st and 22nd examination locations.

Despite response rates at the household

interview stage of over 98 percent and intensive

efforts of persuasion, 21.1 percent of the sample

persons from the first full 65 stands and 28.7

percent from stands 66-100 (or 30.0 percent

from the entire 100 locations for the detailed

examinations) were not examined. Consequently, the potential for a sizable bias does

exist in the estimates in this publication. However, from what is known about the nonre -

spondents and the nature of nonresponse, the

likelihood of sizable bias is believed to be small.

For instance, only a small proportion of sample

persons from the first 65 examination locations

gave reasons for nonparticipation that would

lead to the belief that they would never a~ee to

participate in examination surveys and that they

may differ from examined persons with respect

to the characteristics under examination. Only

15 percent of nonrespondents gave personaI

illness, physically unable, pregnancy, antidoctor, or a fem of finding something wrong as

their reasons for nonparticipation. TypicaI

among the reasons given by the other nonre -

spondents were: unabIe because of work, schooI,

or household duties; suspicious or skeptical of

the program; just not interested in participating;

and private medicaI care sufficient, or just

visited doctor.

An ardysis of the mediczd history data

obtained for most nonexaminees as well as for

examinees -also supports the beIief that the

likelihood of sizable bias due to nonresponse is

small. No large differences were found between

the examined and the nonexamined group for

Note: A list of references f ollows the text.

93
the statistics compared. For example, the percent of persons examined who reported ever

being told by a doctor that they had arthritis

was 20 percent; the percent reporting high blood

pressure was 18 percent and the percent for diabetes, 4 percent. The corresponding percents for

nonexamined persons were: arthritis, 17 percent; high blood pressure, 21 percent; and diabetes, 4 percent.

A procedure (similar to that used in previous

National Health Examination Surveys) was used

in which the reciprocal of the probability of

selection of the sample persons is multiplied by

a factor that brings estimates based on sample

persons up to a level that would have been

attained if all sample persons had been

examrned. This factor is the ratio of the sum of

sample weights for all sample persons with a

relatively homogeneous class defined by age,

sex, and five income groups (under $3,000;

$3,000-$6,999; $7,000-$9,999; $1o,ooo-

$14,999 and $15,000 or more) within each

stand to the sum of sampling weights for all

responding sample persons within the same

homogeneous class for the same stand. To the

degree that homogeneous groups can be defined

which are also homogeneous with respect to the

charac~eristics under study, this proctdure can

be effective in reducing the potential bias from

nonresponse. Overall the extent of adjustment

for nonresponse among the detailed examinees

was 1.45 during the 1971-1974 periocl and 1.40

in the Augmentation Survey of 1974-1975.

Missing Data

Examination surveys lose information not

only through the failure to examine all sample

persons, but also through the failure to obtain

and record all items of information for those

examined. When data are found m[issing for

some of the examinees, imputation for these

values becomes necessary to minimize the effect

on population estimates. The extent to which

such imputations were needed is shown by age,

sex, and race in tables I-III.

Of the 6,913 exarninees age 25-7’4 years in

the detail sample, only 28 (O.4 percent) had

missing measurements of either systcdic or diastolic blood pressure or both in the first sitting

position. For the recumbent position, 59 (0.9

percent) had missing measurements of either

systolic or diastolic blood pressure or both. For

the second sitting position, 64 (0.9 percent) had

missing measurements of either or both blood

Table 1. Total number of examinees and number of exam inees with missing systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements in the

first sitting position, by race, sex, and age of the examinee: United States, 1971-1975

Total White Black Other

Blood pressure and number All

age at examination of races

examinees Men Women Men Women

‘eE

Systolic

All ages, 25-74 years .........................................

25~4years .............. ................................ .........................

3Wyears ........... ................. ......... ..................................

45-54 yaars .. ........ ........ ........ .. ... ........................... ....... ......

55.Myeam ................................. ......................................

65.74 years ...... ........ .. ...... ................ .. .............. .......... .......

Diastolic

All ages, 25-74 years ............ .............. .... .. ... ......

25-34 vea~ ................................................................... .. ..

3544 years .... ...................................................................

45-54 years .......................... .............................................

%~vears ........................... ............. ...............h...............

65-74 years ........... ............ ................................................

Number with missing measurement

6,913 26 8 11 4 3 -

1,563 8 1 4 3 0 -

1,216 3 2 0 0 1 -

1,613 7 1 4 1 1 -

1,288 4 1 2 0 1 -

1,233 4 3 1 0 0 -

6,913 28 11 12 2 3 -

1,563 6 1 4 1 0 -

1,216 4 3 0 0 1 -

1,613 7 2 3 1 1 -

1,288 5 1 3 0 1 -

1,233 6 4 2 0 0 -

94
Table 11. Total number of examinees and number of axaminees with missing systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements in the

recumbent position, by race, sex, and age of the examinee: United States, 1971-1975

Total

All

tlWhite

races

Men Women

Blood pressura and

age at examination

Systolic

All ages, 25-74 years .............. ............ .. ........ .....

25-34 years ............ ........ ............... ................................... .

3544 years ...... .... .............................................................

45.Myears ...... .. .......... ........ ...... ...... ........ ........ .... .............

55.Myaars ................. ....... ........ ..................... ............ ......

6574 years .............................. ...................... .... .. ........ .....

Diastolic

of

examinees

Number with missing measurement

55 22

8 2

6 3

13 4

12 4

16 9

59 22

10 2

6 3

13 4

13 4

17 9

6,913 21 4 8

1,563

1,216

1,613

1,288

1,233

6,913

3

3

6

5

4

23

1

1

2

5

=

2

1

2

2

2

1

3

9

2

2

2

3

All ages, 25.74 years .... .. ...... .............. ...... ........ .

.25.34 vears ....................................... .............................. ..

35-44 years ............ .......... .. .. .. .. .. .... ........ .. .........................

45-54 years ...................... .......... .......................................

55-64 years ...m... ...... .... ...... ...... ........ .................... .. .. .... ......

65-74 years ...................... ................ ............... ..................

1,563

1,216

1,613

1,288

1,233

4

3

6

5

5

Table 111. Total number of examinees and number of examineas with missing systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements in the

second sitting position, by race, sex, and age of the examinee: Unitad Statas, 1971-1975

Blood pressure and

age at examination

Systolic

All ages, 25-74 years ....... ............. .................. ...

25-34 years ........................... ....................................... .....

3544 years .... .. .. .. .. ...... ........ ........ .... .. ........ ...... ............ .....

45-54 years ........ .. .......................m........ ................. ....... .....

55-64 yaars ........................... .......... .. .... .. ........ ............ ......

65-74 yaars ....... ..... .... ............ ...........................................

Diastolic

All ages, 25-74 years ............ .......... .... ...............

25-34 yaars .................. ..... ... ......................................... ... .

35-44 years ......................................................... ..............

45-54 years ....................... .................................... ............

55-64 years .............. ........................... ........ ......................

=.74 yaars ......... ................. .................. ..... ...... ................

Total

number

of

examinees

6.913

Number with missing measurement

26 51 8

I

60 21

11 2

5 2

15 6

12 2

17 9

64 22

13 2

5 2

16 7

13 2

17 9

95

1,563

1,216

1,613

1,288

1,233

6,913

6

3

6

7

4

27

1 2

1 2

k

2 1

1 3

6 9

2 2

1 2

2 2

1 3

1,563

1,216

1;613

1,288

1,233

7

3

6

7

4
pressures. In no case was a diastolic measurement present without an accompanying systolic

measurement.

When systolic and diastolic blood pressures

were both missing, replacement wdues were

randomly selected from other examinees of the

same age, sex, and race with similar arm girth,

weight, and height. When only the diastolic

pressure was missing, the systolic pressure was

taken into account when a random selection was

made along with the age, sex, and race of

examinees.

Small Numbers

In some tables magnitudes are shown for

cells for which the sample size is so small that

the sampling error may be several times as great

as the statistic itself. Obviously in such instances

the numbers, if shown, have been included to

convey an impression of the overall story of the

table.

Estimation Methods

All data in the text and detailed tables of

this report are based on “weighted” observations

(i.e., data recorded for each sample person are

inflated to characterize the subuniverse from

which that sample person was drawn). The

weight, as previously indicated, for each examined person is a product of the reciprocal of

the probability of selecting the person, an

adjustment for nonresponse (persons not

examined), and a poststratified ratio adjustment

that increases precision by making the final

sample estimates for the population agree approximately with independent controk prepared

by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the civilian

noninstitutionalized population of the United

States as of March 1, 1972 for the 1971-1972

sample (locations 1-3 5), November 1, 1972 for

the 1971-1974 sample (locations 1-65), February 1, 1974 for the 1971-1975 sample (locations 1-100), and March 1, 1975 for the 1974-

1975 Augmentation sample (locations 66-1 00),

as shown in tables IV-VII.

A more complete description of the survey

design is included in Vital and Health Statistics,

Series 1, Nos. 10a and 14,GJ7

Note: A list of references follows the text.

96

Because the design for NHANES I is a

multistage probability sample, complex procedures are required to produce the “weights”

needed to inflate the findings for the individual

examinees so that they can be used for national

or other broad population group estimates. The

following three basic operations are involved:

1.

2.

3.

Inflation by the reciprocal of the probability of selection.–The probability of

selection is the product of the probabilities of selection from each step of inflation in the design (PSU, segment, and

sample person). The “weights” from this

stage are the reciprocal of the resultant

probability of selection.

Nonresponse adjustment.–The “weights”

or estimates as obtained at step one

above are then inflate d by a multiplication factor czilculated within each PSU

for each of the five selected income

groups. The numerator consi:sts of the

sum of the “weights” for sampIe persons

(obtained from the reciprocal of their

probability of selection), and the denominator consists of the sum of tlhe weights

of the examined persons (the latter

weights being the reciprocal of the probability of selection for those actually

examined).

Poststratification by age-sex-race.–The

final estimates or “weig~ts” are obtained

by ratio adjusting within each of 60

age-sex-race cells to an independent estimate, provided by the U.S. Bureau of the

Census, of the population in each cell as

of the midpoint of the survey. The effect

of the ratio-adjusting process is to make

the examined sample data more closely

representative of that for the total

civilian noninstitutionalized population

by age, sex, and race and thereby reduce

the sampling variance.

Sampling and Measurement Error

In the present report, reference has been

made to efforts to minimize bias ancl variability

of me asurment techniques. The pc)tential for

residual bias due to the high nonresponse rate

has also been discussed.
Table IV. Number of examined persons and estimated population, 1 by race, age, and sex of examinee: United States, 1971-1972

All races2 White Black

Age at examination and sex

Examined Population in

thousands

102,979

25,819

22,310

23,406

18,955

12,490

48,878

Examined

persons

Population in

thousands

Examined

persons

Population in

thousands

Both sexes

10,186

2,830

2,404

2,380

1,424

1,148

4,487

25-74 veals ................ ...... .............. .. 1,891

337

309

460

368

417

907

1,462

268

243

356

282

313

92,025

22,794

19,665

21,015

17,257

11,294

43,960

411

65

61

102

82

101

194

25-34 years ......................... ...... ...... ........ .........

35-44 years .. ............................................ ........

45-54 years ....................... ........ .......... .... .... .....

55-64 years ............ .. ........ ........ ...... ............ ......

65-74 years ..... ... ..... ............... ........ ..................

Male

25-74 years..., ............ .... ........ ...... ...... ... 701

25-34 years ....................... ...... .. ............... ..... ...

3544 years .............. ............. ...........................

45-54 years ...........l ................ ..................... .....

55-54 years .. .... ................................................

65-74 years ...................... .. ............ ........ ..........

153

141

228

184

201

984

184

168

232

184

216

12,443

10,847

11,063

9,100

5,425

54,100

13,376

11,463

12,343

9,855

7,064

121

119

176

138

147

11,098

9,664

9,977

8,314

4,893

48,065

11,695

9,981

11,043

8,943

6,402

28

20

51

44

51

217

1,151

1,039

1,080

722

485

5,699

Female

25-74 ~aars ... ............ ............................ 761

147

124

180

144

166

25-34 years ................................. ........ ...... .......

3544 years .............. ........ ............ ...... .. .... .... ....

45-54 years ................. .................................... .

55-64 years ........................ ................ ..............

65-74 vears ............... ................. ...... ........ ........

37

41

51

38

50

1,880

1,365

1,280

701

663

1* of the midpoint of the survey-Mar- 171972-

2~nclude~ other ~aci~ ~oUPS in addition to white and blackThe probability design of the survey makes

possible the calculation of sampling errors.

Traditionally the role of the sampling error has

been the determination of how imprecise the

survey results may be because they come from a

sample rather than from the measurement of all

elements in the universe.

The estimation of sampling errors for a

study of the type of the National Health and

Nutrition Examination Suwey is difficult for at

least three reasons: (1) measurement error and

“pure” sampling error are confounded in the

data–it is not easy to find a procedure which

will either completely include both or treat one

or the other separately; (2) the survey design

and estimation procedure are complex, and,

accordingly, require computationally involved

techniques for the calculation of variances; and

(3) hundreds of statistics are presented in the

tables in this report, many for subclasses of the

population for ‘which there are a small number

of sample cases. Estimates of sampliig error are

obtained from the sample data and are themselves subject to sampling error which can be

large when the number of cases in a cell is smalI

or, even occasionally, when the number of cases

is substantial.

Estimates of the standard errors for selected

statistics used in this report are presented in

most of the tables in this report. These estimates

have been prepared by a replication technique

which yields overall variability through observation of variability among random subsamples of

the total sample. ~3334 Again, readers me reminded that these estimated sampling errors do

not reflect any residual bias which might still be

Note: A list of references follows the text.

97
Table V. Number of examined persons and estimated population, 1 by ~ace, age, and sex of the examinee: United States, 1971-1974

Age et examination and sex

Both sexes

25-74 years ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .

25-34 years ......................................................

3544 years ...................................... ................

45-54 years .................................... ..................

55-64 years ....................... ...............................

65-74 years ..................... ........................ .........

Mele

25-74 years ... ........ .............. ........ .... ......

25-34 yeem ................. ................................. ....

3544 years .................................................. ....

45-54 yearn .... .... .......... .......... ..........................

55-64 years ............. ............ .............................

65-74 years ... ........ .... ...... ...... .................... .......

Female

25-74 years ............. .... ..........................

25-34 years .................... .. .......... .. ....................

3544 vears ................................................. .....

45-54 years .. .. .. ........ .............. .. ........ .......... .. ....

55-64 years ..... ............ ........ ............ .................

65-74 vears ...................... .... ................... ... ......

Al I races2 White

persons

3,854

724

598

931

747

854

1,839

337

264

452

368

417

2,015

387

334

479

378

437

T

Population in Examined

thousands persons

T

104,125 3,208

26,740 609

22,193 497

23,317 781

19,187 621

12,688 700

T

49,332 1,541

12,894 288

10,685 230

11,145 376

9,130 307

5,478 340

7

54,793 1,667

13,846 321

11,508 267

12,172 405

10,057 314

7,209 360

present after the attempted correction for nonresponse. The standard error is primarily a

measure of sampling variabilityy, that is, the

variations that might occur by chance because

only a sample of the population is surveyed. As

calculated for this report, the standard error also

reflects part of the variation which arises in the

measurement process. It does not include estimates of any biases which might lie in the data.

The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an

estimate from the sample would differ from a

complete census by less than the standard error.

The chances m-e about 95 out of 100 that the

difference would be less than twice the standard

error and about 99 out of 100 that it would be

less than two and half times as large.

Tests of Significance

The procedure used in this report for testing

the significance of the difference between the

Population in

thousands

93,030

23,615

19,573

20,906

17,440

11,497

44.358

11,505

9,544

10,025

8,336

4,948

48,672

12,110

10,029

10,881

9,104

6,549

Black

Examined

persons

612

109

93

144

119

147

277

44

31

73

58

71

335

65

62

71

61

76

Pa,pulation in

thousands

10,243

2,936

2,376

2,294

1,518

1,118

4,478

—

1,249

998

1,067

690

474

5,764

1,687

1,378

1,227

829

645

1A of the ~idpo~t of the survey–New- 1, 1972-

z~cl~de~ other ~aci~ groups in addition to white and black.

two means consisted of dividing the difference

between the two means by the skmdard error of

the difference; that is, a Z-statistic was computed. An approximation of the standard error

of a difference d = x —y of the two statistics x

and y is given by the formula Sd = (S: + S;)%

where Sx and $ are the sampling errors,

respectively, of the actual standarcl error. Of

course, where the two groups or measures are

positively or negatively correlated, this will give

an overestimate or underestimate, respectively,

of the actual standard error of the difference.

If more than one test is implied (such as

regional differences—six implied tests) then the

Bonferroni test35 was used to test for significance. In the Bonfemoni test the ~!-statistic is

also computed; but for the difference between

the two means to be considered significant at

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

98
Table V1. Number of examined persons and estimated population, 1 by race,age,and sex of the examinee: United States, 1971-1975

Age at examination and sex

Both sexes

25-74 years ............................ ..........

25-34 years ...... .. .............................. .............. ..

3544 years ........................... ............. ..............

4554 years ....................................... ...............

55-64 years ......................................................

66-74 years ......................................................

Male

25-74 years ...........................................

25-34 years ............................................. .........

3544 yearn ........... .............. ................ .. ...........

45-54 years ........................ .... ............. .............

55-64 years ....................... ...............................

65-74 years ....... .................. ........ ............ .........

Female

25-74 years ....... ....................................

25-34 years .. ................................ ................ ....

35-44 years ................. .............. ................ .......

45-54 yeers ............................................. .........

55-64 years ............................................ ..........

65-74 years ......................... .......... ...... .............

All racesz

Examined

persons

6,913

1,563

1,216

1,613

1,288

1,233

3,171

672

528

746

626

599

3,741

691

688

867

662

634

1A of the midpoint of the survey –Feb- 1, 1974.

21n~1~des other racial groups in addition to white and black

Population in

thousands

106,639

28.297

22,302

23,549

19,346

13,145

50,587

13,663

10,761

11,288

9,192

5,682

56,052

14,634

11,541

12,260

10,154

7,463

the 95-percent confidence level, the Z-statistic

must be greater than or equal to 2.64 when six

tests are implied. Statements of statistical significance or substantial differences in the text will

be based on one of these two types of tests.

In addition, a further less rigorous test was

used to assess general trends or tendencies that

might have been more definite or significant had

the sample size been larger. For this, tables of

the binomial probability distribution were used

to establish whether a trend of high or low rates

or means occurred more frequently than expected.

To test for a positive relationship between

variables a regression line was fitted to the data

and then the slope of the line tested to

determine if the slope was significantly different

from zero. To apply this test the data from a

White

Examined

persons

5,968

1,362

1,048

1,396

1,118

1,044

2,744

587

469

642

544

502

3,224

775

579

754

574

542

Population in

thousands

94,886

24,835

19,582

21,053

17,500

11,915

45,303

12,123

9,579

10,131

8,336

5,134

49,563

12,713

10,003

10,922

9,164

6,781

Black

Examined

persons

873

175

149

206

161

182

390

72

52

99

76

91

483

103

97

107

85

91

Population in

thousands

10,656

3,039

2,415

2,358

1,674

1,170

4,693

1,303

1,024

1,095

768

504

5,963

1,736

1,392

1,263

906

667

complex survey such as NHANES present certain very basic problems which make the use of

classical regression procedures difficult. Among

these problems are the lack of complete independence among the original observations, lack

of complete homoscedasticity, that is, unequal

variances of the dependent variable within each

category of the independent variable, and possibly lack of normality in the distribution, etc.

The following is a description of a modified

regression model that was used in this report

which makes no assumptions about the original

observations and which makes no stronger

assumptions about the sample estimates than are

made in testing whether two means are equal

when the estimated means and their standard

errors are obtained from complex surveys. Estimates of the standard errors of the dependent

99
Tabla VI 1. Number of axamined persons and estimated population, 1 by race, age, and sex of the axam inee: United States, 1974-1975

Age at examination and sax

All reees2 White Black

Population in

thousands

Examined

persons

Examined

persons

‘opulation in

thousands

94.406

Examined

persons

Population in

thousands

Both sexes

3.058 108,484

29,524

22,411

23,540

19,550

13,468

51,440

14,236

10,874

11,214

9,264

5,852

57,054

2,760

753

551

615

497

344

1,203

261

66

56

62

42

35

113

10,585

2,765

2,382

2,324

1,660

1,264

25-74 years ......................................

25,668

19,643

21,083

17,606

12,206

46,016

25-34 years .. .... ................ .... ................ ............

3544 years ......................................................

45-54 years ...................................... ................

55-W years ......................................................

65-74 years ........... ................... ................... .....

639

618

682

541

379

1,332

Male

25-74 years .... .. .... .................... .. ........... 4,613

1,168

987

1,042

864

562

25-34 yews .............................. ........................

35-44 yaam ................................................. .....

45-54 y.rs ......................... .................. .. .........

55-64 years ......................... .............................

65-74 years ......................................................

335

264

284

257

182

1,727

288

239

266

237

162

1,557

12,614

9,660

10,126

8,325

5,290

50,380

28

21

26

18

20

148

Female

25-74 years ............. ...... .. ...................... 5,982

25-34 years ................................. .....................

3544 years ........ .......... .............................. ......

45-54 years .............................$........................

55-64 years .................................c............ ........

65-74 years ... .................... ...... .... ..................... 1

15,288

354 11,536

388 12,326

264 10,266

197 7,616

454

312

349

260

182

13,254

9,983

10,957

9,281

6,916L

38

35

36

24

15

1,597

1,394

1,282

f ,006

702

lA~ of the ~jdpojnt of the survey–Mar. 1, 1975.

*lnc]udes other ~acia] gOUpS in addition to white and black.

variable used in this modified regression model assumed it is, in fact, equal to up, and

for analysis in the section on race and blood

pressure levels were obtained from the halfsample Replication technique previously discussed.3s*s4 This same program was used for

computing the correlations and appropriate

standard errors shown in tables 41-44.

The proposed model is as follows:

thus has no sampling erro;.

Further assume that

E(~.) = a+ ~X~

V(YJ = s?.

fori=l, 2,. ... K,where Kis the

number of groups.

Finally, it is assumed that the ~i’s are

4.

5. Let ~i be the estimated mean and S2 be

its estimated standard error for the ith

group.

Let Xi be the midpoint of the independent variable for the group.

Assume SFi is based on a number of

observations large enough that it can be

1.

2.

3.

normfily distributed and are statistically

independent of each other.

The proposed weighting procedure weights all

observations by the reciprocal of the variance.

That is,

NOTE: A list of references follows the text.

100
and the mean

and the mean

The slope is computed in a manner similar to

the classical least square regression, by the

following formula:

Computationally, this is easily computed by

The variance of the slope is

~Wi(Xi - ‘)’.+

“’= ~~Zi @i- ‘2)]2

Now, because

This formula can be simplified to

and computationally

An approximate normal deviate test can now be

performed by

b

z‘q

This would test the hypothesis that ~ = O or,

alternatively, compute confidence intervals for

@

Standardized Values

In detailed tables 17-34 and 48-52 both the

actual and the standardized rates or mean values

are shown for the various sociodemographic

subgroups. Hypertension rates or mean blood

pressure levels may be elevated in a specific

subgroup more than the others solely because

the subqoup contains a disproportionate

number of older persons. To remove the effect

that differences in the age-sex distribution may

have in the rates or means, the age-sex specific

vaIues (rates or means) for the particular subgroup have been applied a~nst the number

within the age-sex group in the totaI U.S.

(civilian noninstitutionalized) population and

the rates or means for the subgroup recalculated.

For example, if within an income class (e-g.,

$15,000 and over) estimates from NHANES I

show a definite hypertension rate of

for men in the ith age group (where ai = national

estimates for the number of men with hypertension of that age in the income group,

n, = population estimates for men of that age in

the income group) then the standardized or

age-adjusted hypertension rate for men in the

$15,000-and-over income bracket is

where Ni = the number of men in that age group

of the total U.S. (civilian noninstitutionalized)

population.

The standard error of the difference between

an actual and a standardized rate (or mean) may

be approximated by the standard error of the

actual value.

In detailed tables 39 and 40 and in sections

of the text where comparison is made with the

NHES findings from 1960-1962, the standardized rates have been calculated by applying the

age-sex specific rate (or means) from 1960-1962

against the corresponding population estimates

at the midpoint of the 1971-1975 period.

101
APPENDIX II

DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC TERMS

Age. –Two ages were recorded for each

examinee: the age at last birthday at the time of

examination and at the time of the census

interview. The age criterion for inclusion in the

sample used in this survey was defined as age at

the time of the census interview. The adjustment

and weighting procedures used to produce

nationaI estimates were based on the age at

interview. Data in the detailed tables and text of

the report are shown by age at the time of the

examination, except that those few who became

75 years of age by the time of the examination

are included in the 65-74 year age group.

Race. –Race was recorded as “white,”

“Negro,” or “other.” “Other” includes Japanese, Chinese, American Indian, Korean,

Eskimo, and all races other than white and

black. Mexicans were included with “white”

unless definitely known to be American Indian

or other nonwhite race. Black persons and those

of mixed black and other parentage were recorded as “Negro.” When a person of mixed

racial backqound was uncertain about his race,

the race of his father was recorded.

Ge o.yaphic region. –The 48 contiguous

States and the District of Columbia (excluding

Alaska and Hawaii) were stratified into four

broad geographic regions, each of about the

same population size. With a few exceptions the

compositions of the regions were as follows:

Region States included

Northeast ...... Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New

York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

Midwest .........

South ............

West ..............

Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,

hfissouri

Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,

West Virginia, Kentucky, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Georgia, Florida,

AIabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,

District of Columbia

Washington, Oregon, Idaho,

Montana, Wyoming, Colorado,

Utah, Nevada, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South

Dakota, North Dakota

In a few instances the actual boundaries of

the regions did not follow State lines. Some

strata in the Midwest and South include PSU’S

actually located in the West. Similarly, some

strata in the West contain PSU’S located in the

Midwest and South.

Family income. –The income recorded was

the total income received during the 12 months

prior to the interview by the head of the

household and all other household members

related to the head, This income was the gross

cash income (excluding pay in kind) except in

the case of a family with its own farm or

business. In that instance net income was recorded. Also included was the income of a

member of the Armed Forces living at home

with his family (even though he was not

considered a household member). If lhe was not

living at home, allotments and other money

received by the family from him were included

in the family income figure.

102
Education. –The only grades counted were

those attended in a re~lar graded public or

private school where persons were given formal

education, whether during the day or at night,

on a full-time or part-time attendance basis. A

“regular” school is one that advances a person

toward an elementary or high school diploma, or

a college, university, or professional school

degree. Education received in vocational, trade,

or business schools outside the regular school

system \vas not counted in determining the

highest grade of school completed. If a person

attended school in a foreiLgn country, at an

ungraded school, under a tutor, or under other

special circumstances, the nearest equivalent of

his highest grade attended was given.

Population density .–The classification of

urban-rural areas was that used in the 1960

census. According to the 1960 definition, those

areas considered urban are: (a) places of 2,500

inhabittits or more incorporated as cities,

boroughs, villages, and towns (except towns in

New England, New York, and Wisconsin); (b)

the densely settled urban fringe, whether incorporated or unincorporated, of urbanized areas;

(c) towns in New England and townships in New

Jersey and Pennsylvania that contain no incorporated municipalities as subdivisions and have

either 2,500 inhabitants or more, or a population of 2,500 to 25,000 and a density of 1,500

persons per square mile; (d) counties in States

other than the New England States, New Jersey,

and Pennsylvania that have no incorporated

municipalities within their boundaries and have

a density of 1,500 persons or more per square

mile; and (e) unincorporated places of 2,500

inhabitants or more which are not included in

any urban fringe. The remaining population is

classified as rural.

By means of the first digit of the identification code on the household questionnaire, the

urban and rural population was divided into the

following categories according to population:

(1) urban, 3,000,000 or more; (2) urban,

1,000,000-2,999,999; (3) urban 250,000-

999,999; (4) urban, under 250,000; (5) urban

not in urbanized area, 25,000 or more; (6)

urban, not in urbanized area, 10,000-24,999; (7)

urban not in urbanized area, 2,500-9,999; and

(8) rural.

000

103
APPENDIX Ill

SOURCES OF VARIATION IN BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS

Order of Measurement

The examinee’s first blood pressure determination in the NHANES of 1971-1975 was made

before the physical examination with the examinee sitting, the second at the end of the

examination with the exarninee supine, and the

third immediately after the second with the

examinee sitting on the edge of the examination

table. In the NEU3S of 1960-1962, the order of

the measurements in relation to the examination

was similar to that in the present study, but all

three were taken in a sitting position.

Initial blood pressure of examinees on whom

more than one reading was obtained in previous

National Health Examination Surveys has generally been higher than the subsequent ones. In

contrast blood pressure levels from all three

measurements in the 1971-1975 NHANES are

quite similar as shown in detailed tables 12-14.

The consistency in these three NHANES

measurements at the 100 examination locations

may be seen in table VIII which shows the

proportion (age-adjusted) of adults with systolic

pressure of at least 120 mmHg and diastolic

pressure of at least 80 mmHg. The distribution

of these proportions on all three readings is

generally similar except for the second diastolic

measurement where somewhat lower levels were

obtained at a disproportionate number of locations.

Venipuncture

At some convenient time during thle examination a venipuncture was done on the examinees by the nurse with the assistance of the

doctor. This procedure may have had some

effect on the examinee’s blood pressure either

elevating it because of apprehension or lowering

it because of the removal of 55 cm~ of lblood.

To determine the effect of the venipuncture

on the blood pressures, the examinees from the

first 65 examination locations were divided into

two groups: those with blood pressure measurement taken first and those with veniipuncture

Table Vll 1. Proportion (age-adjusted) of adults with systolic pressure of 120 mmHg or more and diastolic pressure of [10 mmHg or

more on the 3 blood pressure measurements at the 100 examination locations in the National Health and Nutrition lExamination

Survay of 1971-1975

Proportion (age-adjusted)

Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure

>lZOMMHg > so rnrnHg

of adults with designated

blood pressure Ievals First Second Third

‘irs’ I‘ecOrIE

Number of stands

Less than 51 ................ ............ .. .... .. .... ............................ .......... .............. ............

51.60 .......... .. .... .......... ...... .......... .............. .... ...... ................................... ..............

61.70 ... ....... ..... ........ .. ...... .......... .................................. ................ ........................

71.80 ......... ................................ .. .. .. ...................... ..............................................

81-90 ............. .................. ...... ........................ .... .. .. .................................... ..........

91.100..l ................. ............................................ .... .............................................

2 2

13 7

39 34

33 27

11 25

2 5 1

0 4

8 18

35 48

37 23

18 7

2 0 .L:36 6

:30 30

:25 32

7 31

2 9

0 2

104
done first. Both groups were further subdivided

by the amount of time that elapsed between the

venipuncture and the initial blood pressure

determination. The results of this analysis are

presented in table IX. Because of the substantial

variation in blood pressure with age, the effect

of age was removed by age adjusting the mean

blood pressures. The direct method of adjustment was used for this purpose with the

weighted population of the United States (November 1972) as the reference population.

It might be expected that some if not all of

those who had their blood pressure taken before

the t’enipuncture might be apprehensive about

the procedure and consequently show some

elevation in pressure if they were aware that

they were soon to ha~’e the \’enipuncture done.

However, as may be seen in table IX the

age-adjusted mean systolic and diastolic pressures of those who had their blood pressures

taken less than 20 minutes before they had the

venipuncture are, respectively, 1.0 mmHg and

3.0 mmHg lower, not higher than the systolic

and diastolic pressures of those who had 30

minutes or more elapse before having the venipuncture done. The difference between the

age-adjusted mean systolic pressures is statistically significant but that for diastolic pressures

is not. Therefore, apprehension about the venipuncture was apparently not a significant factor

affecting the blood pressures of those who had

their blood pressures taken before the venipuncture. The significant elevation in systolic mean

pressures among examinees who had their blood

Table IX. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of examinees 7-74 years, by time betw?en initial blood pressure reading and venipuncture and

age-mean, standard error of the mean, age-adjusted values, and sample size: United States, 1971-1974

Blood pressure taken before venipuncture I

Blood pressure taken after venipuncture

30 minutes

or more

I

StandMean ard

error

20-29

minutes

1

StandMean ard

error

20-29

minutes

30 minutes

or more Blood pressure and age

Elz_klz Blood pressure (mm Hg)

StandMean ard

error J-StandMean ard

error

Systolic

Age-adjusted values ... .. . . . 124.7

124.0

125.9

120.2

126.5

123.7

122.9

119.6

123.4

123.3

123.8

126.3

. . .

0.61

---

0.55

1.09

0.81

0.6B

0.60

0.76

1.77

0.97

1.14

.-.

0.39

-..

0.74

..-

1.14

-..

0.91

---

All ages, 7-74 years..., . ... . 0.54

102.3

112.6

118,6

120.7

126.0

133.6

141.2

148.9

78.0

79.5

7-11years ......................................

12-17 years., ... . .. ... . .. ... . .... .. .. .. .. .. ... .

18-24 years .. .. .. . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ... .. .

25-34 years .... . .... . .. ... . .. ... . . .... . .. ... . ..

3544 years . ... . . .... .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. . . .. .. . . ..

45-54 years., . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .... .. .. . . .. ... . .

55-64 years .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ..

65-74 years .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . ... . ... . .. . . .. .. .. .. .

103.6

115.4

121.4

120.4

126.5

138.0

143.7

151,7

78.1

74.6

84.4

69.9

74.9

76.5

B2.7

86.7

88.2

B6.1

1,939

0.99

1,19

1.13

1.39

1.88

2.61

4.02

1.72

. . .

0.59

104.3

115.8

119.2

122.4

127.3

132.6

150.2

157.7

77.8

75.8

1.08

1.37

1.87

1.46

2.53

3.38

4.13

3.00

.-.

0.65

103,9

113.8

118.6

120.4

123.4

130.3

136.4

149.2

77.1

75.0

1.63

1.58

1.50

1.92

1.14

2.83

6.55

2.91

. . .

0.51

103.5

114.0

120.0

121.5

124.7

133.5

142.6

151.6

77.6

77.2

0.93

0.94

0.87

0.72

1.18

1.53

1.97

1.52

---

0.44

103.3

112.4

117.7

120.8

124.7

132.2

141.8

147.4

77.3

77.3

1.66

1.13

1.34

1.54

1.24

2.41

2,58

2.16

. . .

0.43

Diastolic

Age-adjusted values .... .. . .

All ages, 7.74 years .. .. . . . ..

7-11 years ... .. . . .. .. . ... . . . .. . .. . .... . .. ... . . ..

12-17 years .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . . ... . .. . . .. .. . .

18-24 years .. . . .... .. .. .. . ... .. .. ... . .. . .. . . .. .

25-34 years .. .. . ... .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . ...

3544 years .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. ... . .. .. . ... . .. . . . ..

45-54 years .. .. ... . .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. . . . ... .. .. ..

55-54 years ... ... .. .. ... . .. . .. . ... .. .. .. .. . .. ..

65-74 years .. . ... .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .

1.03

0.79

1.16

0.83

1.27

1.19

1.87

1.07

.-.

64,5

6B.7

73,3

77.2

83.8

83.9

88.5

88,3

929

0.87

1.27

1.50

1.32

1.72

2.22

1.74

1,24

. . .

65.0

70.0

74.3

76.9

81.B

83.7

84.6

84.5

750

1.22

1.21

0.96

1.27

1.12

1.35

2.35

1.33

. . .

65.1

69.8

74.4

78.2

80.7

85.3

85.4

86.6

3,170

0.87

0.63

0.61

0.59

0.64

0.92

1.08

0.77

-..

64.4

69.2

73.0

77.8

82.7

84.0

87.1

34.0

1,695

1.66

0.59

0.72

1.11

0.68

1.21

1.56

1.11

---

65.2

70.0

73.8

78.0

83.0

85.7

86.8

85.3

8,395

0.82

0.63

0.62

0.42

0.52

0.71

0.55

0.65

Sample size --- .. .. .. .. . .... . . .. .. . .. ... . . .. .... .. .

105
. pressures taken 30 minutes or more before the

venipuncture may be a reflection of the fact that

many were measured ne m the beginning of the

examination. In previous National Health Examination Surveys the initial blood pressure of an

examinee on whom more than one reading was

obtained has generally been higher than the

subsequent ones, possibly because of apprehension about the examination when the examinees first arrived. Because the time of day each

examinee began the examination is not readily

available, it is not possible to separate effects of

normzd variation in blood pressure during the

day from those due to apprehension, if any,

about the examination.

Although apprehension about the examination or the venipuncture appears not to bias the

estimates in this report, the venipuncture could

have caused a hypotensive effect on the blood

pressures of those who had their blood pressure

taken shortly after having the venipuncture

done. If such a hypotensive effect existed, the

mean blood pressure of those on whom these

measurements were taken less than 20 minutes

after the venipuncture should be lower than

those taken 30 minutes or longer afterwzwd. In

fact, no significant difference in the age-adjusted

mean systolic or diastoIic pressures between the

two groups was found. Hence, venipuncture

apparently dld not significantly bias the blood

pressure measurements in this examination,

whether taken before or afterward.

End-Digit Preference

An analysis of end-digit preference in a

survey such as NHANES is an important one

because such an analysis indicates the accuracy

with which the blood pressures were being

recorded by the examiners. In the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of

1971-1974 and the National Health Examination Surveys of 1960-1962, 1963-1965, and

1966-1970, the examiners were instructed to

measure and record the blood pressures of the

examinees to the nearest 2 mmHg. Any departure from those instructions could be detected

by an analysis of the end-digits that were

recorded. If the end-digits were randomly distributed among the even digits, as they should

be, then each even end-digit should have a

frequency of 20 percent of the total,, Table X

contains the percent distribution of the enddigits of the first systolic and diastolic blood

Table X. Percent distribution of enddigits of systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements in the National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-1974 and the National Health Examination Surveys of 1960-1962, 1963-1965, and

1966-1970

1 1 1

End+digit

Total ...... ................. ........ ......

NHANES, 1971-

74, ages 6-74

years

==I==

100.0

46.9

0.0

10.9

0.0

13.7

4.7

10.1

0.0

13.6

0.1

100,0

43.9

0.0

10.1

0.0

14.0

4.9

12.3

0,0

14.7

0.1

NH ES, 1960-62,

ages 18-79

years

100.0

32.5

16.1

18.0

1.0

15.1

0.0

17.3

0.0

IUHES, 1963-65,

agas 6-11

years

Systolic Diastolic I‘Ysto’ick

Percent distribution

100.0

N HES, 1966-70,

ages 12-17

years

o ...........................................................

1 .... ...................................... ...... ........ .. .

2 ...................................... .....................

3 ... .......... ............ .... .... .... ......................

4 ................................ ......... ................ ..

5 ............... ........................ ........ ........ ....

6 ............. .................... ............ .. ........ ....

7 ..... ........ ..nn.................... .. ....... ... .... ......

8 .. ...... .......... ................................ .........

9 ........ .......... .........................................

NOTE: Percent distribution of end-di~ts for all 4 of the surveys are for the first reading.

34.9

0.0

13.6

0.0

14.1

1.0

16.8

19.6

0.0

100.0

24.7

20.3

21.6

0.1

14.7

0.0

18.6

0.0

100.0

24.8

18.5

0,0

17.1

0.1

13.4

0.0

26.1

100.0 —. —.

24.0

0.0

19.4

0,0

22.0’

0.2

20.01

o,al

14.4.

100.0

37.1

0.0

11.3

0.0

19.1

0.3

19.9

0.0

12.3

0.0

106
pressure reading for each of the four surveys

mentioned previously.

In the NHANES of 1971-1974 the most

commonly recorded end-digit was the zero; 46.9

percent of the systolic blood pressure measurements and 43.9 percent of the diastolic blood

pressure measurements were recorded with an

end-digit of zero. Because a zero should have

been recorded as an end-digit only 20 percent of

the time, more than twice as many end-digits of

zero were recorded as were expected. This fact

indicates the blood pressures were apparently

recorded with less accuracy than they should

have been. That is, many of the systolic and

diastolic blood pressures were recorded accurately only to the nearest 10 mmHg rather than

to the nearest 2 mmHg as was instructed. In the

previous three National HeaIth Examination

Surveys the end-digit of zero was also recorded

more often than was expected but in none of

those surveys was the end-digit of zero recorded

as frequently as it was in NH.4NES.

000

107
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS Series 

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Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions and data collection methods used and include 

definitions and other material necessary for understanding the data. 

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techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, and contributions to statistical theory. 

Series 3. Analytical Studies.-Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health 

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Series 4. Documents and Committee Reports.-Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and 

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hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, all based on data collected 

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to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics and (2) analysis of relationships among the 

various measurements without reference to an explicit finite universe of persons. 

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of a nationwide probability sample of ever-married women 15-44 years of age. 

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