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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

ANNUAL REPORT

FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30. 1991
Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2009 with funding from

University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries

http://www.archive.org/details/annualreport1991unit
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Balboa, Republic of Panama

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR

It is a pleasure to submit the annual report of the Panama Canal Commission for Fiscal Year 1991. The past year was a very successful one for the Panama Canal. Total vessel transits rose substantially after two years

of decline, primarily due to events in the Persian Gulf. Increased Canal

traffic, combined with growth in average ship size, boosted Panama Canal

net tonnage to 193. 1 million tons, the second highest level in Canal history.

The resulting record tolls revenue of $374.6 million represented a 5.4 percent increase over the prior year. Despite the heavier transit load. Canal

efficiency remained high with average Canal Waters Time, at 22 hours,

held below the agency's 24 hour standard.

During Fiscal Year 1991, important maintenance and improvement

projects were accomplished and key decisions were made regarding

programs to ensure the long-term efficiency of the Canal. Major projects

undertaken included: the overhaul and refurbishment of Gatun Locks

miter gates; the widening and deepening of the Canal's Pacific channel

entrance; substantial rehabilitation of rail and conductor slot for the locks

locomotive tow track system; the ongoing replacement of locks fendering

systems with new, substantially improved fenders; and the overhaul of the suction dredge MINDI. Of special significance was the approval by the Commission's Board of Directors of a major multi-phase program to widen

and straighten the narrow eight-mile Gaillard Cut area of the Canal. This

significant construction effort will begin during the early part of Fiscal Year 1992.
When completed, it will allow virtually unrestricted two-way transit throughout the waterway of even the largest PANAMAX vessels.

The Commission also continued to fulfill its treaty obligations to work

toward the orderly transfer of the Canal to the Republic of Panama at the end of this century. An essential aspect of this obligation is the major

ongoing effort to hire and train Panamanians in all the various areas necessary to operate and maintain the waterway. Already 87% of the work

force, including over half of the Commission's managers and professionals,

are Panamanian citizens.

The achievements of the Canal organization attest to the extraordinary

contributions made by the dedicated men and women who comprise the Commission work force. Their performance has been a key element in preserving the high quality of service and sense of purpose which represent

the legacy of the Panama Canal. As we look to the future, I am confident

that the Canal will build on these past accomplishments and continue to provide world shipping with safe, efficient transit service at competitive

rates through and beyond the year 2000.

GiLBERTO GUARDIA F. Administrator

II
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Page ORGANIZATION CHART vi INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION 1 THE CANAL 1 TOLL RATES 2 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 3 OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA 3 OFFICIALS IN WASHINGTON, D.C 3 CHAPTER I-CANAL TRAFFIC

CANAL TRAFFIC 5 COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS 6 COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES 7 CHAPTER II-CANAL OPERATIONS

CANAL OPERATIONS 15 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS 17 CHAPTER III-SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

LOGISTICAL SERVICES 21 COMMUNITY SERVICES 22 SANITATION AND GROUNDS MANAGEMENT 23 MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES 24 PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY 24 FIRE PROTECTION 25 CANAL PROTECTION 25 HEALTH AND SAFETY 26 CHAPTER IV-ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL 27 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM 27 PUBLIC AFFAIRS 28 OMBUDSMAN 28 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 29 GENERAL COUNSEL 29 CHAPTER V-FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 SCHEDULED TERMINATION OF THE COMMISSION 31 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 32 ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND CAPITAL 32

III
CONTENTS

Financial Tables TABLE 1 .—Statement of Financial Position TABLE 2. —Statement of Operations

TABLE 3.—Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States Government TABLE 4.— Statement of Cash Flows

Notes to Financial Statements

Page 34

36

37

3839 CHAPTER VI—STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics TABLE 1.— Panama Canal Traffic—Fiscal Years 1982 through 1991 46 TABLE 2.—Oceangoing Commercial Traffic by Months—Fiscal Years 1991 and 1990 48 TABLE 3.—Canal Traffic by Flag of Vessel— Fiscal Year 1991 49 TABLE 4.—Classification of Canal Traffic by Type of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1991 52 TABLE 5.—Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1991 54 TABLE 6. —Segregation of Transits by Registered Gross Tonnage—Fiscal Year 1991 56 TABLE 7.— Principal Commodities Shipped through Canal by Fiscal Years 1989 through 1991 58 TABLE 8. —Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo through the Panama

Canal from Atlantic to Pacific during Fiscal Year 1991 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 62 TABLE 9. —Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo through the Panama

Canal from Pacific to Atlantic during Fiscal Year 1991 Segregated

by Countries in Principal Trade Routes 68 TABLE 10. —Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Fiscal Year 1991 76 TABLE 1 1.— Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Fiscal Year 1991 106 TABLE 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1991 135

Other Statistics TABLE 13.— Water Supply and Usage 137 TABLE 14. —Dredging Operations 137 TABLE 15. —Electrical Power Generated 138 TABLE 16. —Fire Division Statistics 138

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VI
INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION

The Panama Canal Commission is an agency of the Executive Branch of

the United States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty

of 1977, and established by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 452; 22

U.S.C. 3601 et seq), enacted September 27, 1979. The authority of the President of the United States with respect to the Commission is exercised

through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Army. The

Commission is supervised by a nine-member Board. Five members are nationals of the United States appointed by the President with the advice

and consent of the Senate. Four members are nationals of the Republic of

Panama who are proposed by the Republic of Panama for appointment by

the President. Also, as mandated by the treaty, a Panamanian now serves

as the Administrator and a United States citizen as the Deputy Administrator.

The Commission was established to carry out the responsibilities of the United States with respect to the Panama Canal under the Panama Canal

Treaty of 1977. In fulfilling these obligations, the Commission manages,

operates, and maintains the Canal, its complementary works, installations,

and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessels through the Canal. The Commission will perform these functions until the treaty

terminates on December 31, 1999, at which time the Republic of Panama

will assume full responsibility for the Canal.

The operation of the waterway is conducted on a self-financing basis. The Commission is expected to recover through tolls and other revenues all costs of operating and maintaining the Canal, including interest,

depreciation, capital for plant replacement, expansion and improvements,

and payments to the Republic of Panama for public services and annuities,

in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraphs 4(a) and (b)

of Article XIII, respectively, of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. Revenues from tolls and all other sources are deposited in the U.S. Treasury in an account known as the Panama Canal Revolving Fund. The

resources in this fund are available for continuous use and serve to finance

Canal operating and capital programs which are reviewed annually by the Congress.

THE CANAL

The Panama Canal is a lock-type canal approximately 51 miles long from

1
2 INTRODUCTION

deep water to deep water. The minimum width of the navigable channel is 500 feet. Navigable channel depth can vary according to the amount of water available in Canal storage areas; however, the normal permissible

transit draft is 39 feet 6 inches tropical fresh water. Vessels transiting the Canal are raised in three steps to the level of Gatun

Lake, the principal source of Canal water, then lowered to sea level again in three steps. The three sets of Canal locks are paired so as to permit

simultaneous lockage of two vessels in the same or opposite direction. Since August 15, 1914, the official date of its opening, the Panama Canal

has been serving world trade. Through this fiscal year, a total of 731,784

vessels of all types have transited with 618,975 or 84.6 percent of the total being of the oceangoing commercial class. TOLL RATES

Toll rates during FY 1991 were: (a) on merchant vessels. Army and Navy

transports, hospital ships, supply ships, and yachts, when carrying passengers or cargo, $2.01 per net vessel ton of 100 cubic feet of actual earning capacity, as determined in accordance with the "Rules of

Measurement of Vessels for the Panama Canal;" (b) on such vessels in ballast, without passengers or cargo, $1.60 per net vessel ton; and (c) on

other floating craft, $1.12 per ton of displacement. These rates have been in effect since October 1, 1989. A temporary 20 percent surcharge on all tariff rates for tug and

linehandling services, implemented on April 1, 1990, was terminated on

February 28, 1991. The surcharge, which had been approved by the Commission's Board of Directors, was to offset a variety of unbudgeted

extraordinary costs incurred by the Commission as a result of the actions

and political decisions of the former Panama regime of General Manuel

Noriega.

By treaty, the United States continues to provide to Colombia free transit through the Canal of its troops, materials of war, and ships of war.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Ending Fiscal Year 1991

Honorable Michael P. W. Stone

Chairman, Board of Directors

Panama Canal Commission

Washington, D.C.

Honorable CECILIA A. Alegre

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Luis A. Anderson

Mexico, D.F., Mexico

Honorable ANDREW E. GiBSON

Short Hills, New Jersey

Honorable Robert R. McMillan

Garden City, New York

Honorable Alfredo N. Ramirez

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable Walter J. Shea

Annapolis, Maryland;

Honorable JOAQUiN J. Vallarino, Jr. Panama, Republic of Panama;

Honorable William W. Watkin, Jr. Brevard, North Carolina

Executive Committee

Honorable Michael P. W. Stone

Chairman

Honorable ALFREDO N. Ramirez

Honorable Walter J. Shea

Honorable Joaquin J. Vallarino, Jr. Honorable William W. Watkin, Jr.

OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Administrator Honorable GiLBERTO GUARDIA F. Deputy Administrator Honorable RAYMOND P. Laverty

official in WASHINGTON, D.C.

Assistant to the Chairman and Secretary Michael Rhode, Jr.
CANAL TRAFFIC

Two of the more than 12,700 oceangoing vessels receiving high quahty transit service in FY 1991 were the CGM PASTEUR (upper photo), on a maiden transit from a Korean

shipyard, and the GLOBAL LINK (lower photo), a new AT&T ship specially designed

to lay and repair deep-sea telecommunications cable.
Chapter I

CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC

Tolls revenue and the most important components of Panama Canal

traffic rose substantially in fiscal year 1991, reversing a two-year declining

trend. Record tolls revenue was registered during the year and oceangoing

transits, Panama Canal net tonnage, and commercial cargo reached the highest levels since 1982, the last year before the Alaskan oil trade was

diverted from the Canal to the trans-Panama oil pipeline. This unusually

strong performance mostly occurred during the first half of the year and

can be primarily attributed to events in the Persian Gulf, which produced a

disruption in world trade patterns.

A total of 12,763 oceangoing vessels, an average of 35.0 daily, transited the Canal during fiscal year 1991, representing a 5.9% increase from the 12,052 or 33.0 transits per day registered during 1990. Oceangoing

commercial transits totaled 12,572, rising 5.3% from the 11,941 transits registered last year. Transits by vessels owned or operated by the U.S. Government rose 90.1% to 173 from 91 in the prior year, but tolls paid by

these vessels only increased 29.6%. Free Colombian and Panamanian

Government vessels accounted for 18 transits compared with 20 in 1990. A turnaround was also experienced in transits by large beam vessels and

average ship size. Transits by vessels having beams of 80 feet and over

increased 5.0% to 5,825, accounting for 45.6% of total oceangoing transits versus 5,545 and 46.0% in 1990. The increase was primarily the result of a

rise in transits by vessels in the 100-ft beam and over category, the largest

size ships the Canal can accommodate. After two years of decline, transits by vessels in that category increased 7.4% to a record 2,947 from 2,745 in the prior year, raising this category's share of total oceangoing transits from 22.8% in 1990 to 23.1%. Correspondingly, the average Panama Canal

(PC) net tonnage of oceangoing commercial vessels rose 0.3% from 15,217

to 15,260, resuming an upward trend after two years of declines.
6 CANAL TRAFFIC

The rise in both transit numbers and average ship size generated an

increment of 5.7% in total PC net tonnage to 193. 1 million tons, the second

highest tonnage in the history of the Canal after the 1982 peak of 204

million tons. As a result, tolls revenue reached a record $374.6 million, up

5.4 percent from the amount collected in 1990. Total cargo moved by transiting vessels increased 3.7% to 163.2 million

long tons, the fourth highest cargo tonnage in Canal history. The increase was primarily concentrated in dry bulk-type commodities.

A two-year summary of the key elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue is shown in the table below, followed by a more detailed

description of cargo movements by trade route. COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS

Fiscal Year

I 1991 1990 I Oceangoing Transits: Commercial 12,572 11,941 U.S. Government 173 91 Free 18 20

Total 12,763 12,052

Daily Average 35.0 33.0

Small Transits: Commercial 1,079 1,017 U.S. Government 248 240

Free 18 16 Total 1,345 1,273

Total Cargo:

Commercial 162,696,423 157,074,476 U.S. Government 516,130 248,442 Free 6 Total 163,212,553 157,322,924

Total Panama Canal Net Tons and Reconstructed Displace- ment Tonnage 193,101,533 182,709,533

Transit Revenue: Commercial Tolls $372,398,248 $353,841,162

U.S. Government Tolls 2,226,489 1,716,795

Tolls Revenue $374,624,737 $355,557,957

Harbor Pilotage, Tug, Launch, and Other Services $ 97,792,243 $ 78,113,078

Total Transit Revenue $472,416,980 $433,671,035
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 7 COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES

Commercial cargo grew in 1991 for the second consecutive year, rising

3.6% from 157.1 million long tons in fiscal year 1990 to 162.7 million long

tons. As with other elements of traffic, most of this growth occurred during

the first half of the year and is attributed to events in the Persian Gulf. Despite the slowing pace during the second half of the year, 1991 registered

all-time highs in a number of commodities, including phosphates, lumber,

refrigerated products, chemicals and petrochemicals and containerized

cargo. The gains in these and other commodities more than offset the losses registered in a few trades, including petroleum and petroleum products,

automobiles, and ores and metals. Grain, which accounts for the largest volume of cargo utilizing the Canal, continued to improve in 1991, increasing 8.8% from 30.2 million

long tons in fiscal year 1990 to 32.9 million long tons. The rise in this commodity group was mainly generated by higher U.S. exports of corn to the Far East via the waterway and a sharp increase in U.S. wheat shipments

to northern Africa. Corn shipments increased 7.3% to 15.0 million long

tons from 14.0 million long tons in the prior year, sustained almost entirely

by increased shipments to Japan, which accounted for nearly 74% of the

total corn trade. Wheat tonnage, which had fallen sharply in 1990, was up

17.7% to 8.0 million long tons, primarily as a result of increased shipments

from the U.S. West Coast to Africa, which rose 91.3% to 1.7 million long

tons. Wheat shipments to mainland China, the largest recipient of the wheat toniiage, dropped for the second consecutive year to 3.8 million long

tons from 3.9 million long tons in 1990. The fall in shipments to China

during the two years was due to record wheat harvests registered by that country. Soybeans, an important component of the grain category, rose marginally to 6.3 miUion long tons from 6.2 milHon long tons and sorghum

declined to 1.7 milHon long tons from 2.0 miUion long tons. Petroleum and products resumed the downward trend of the past few

years that was temporarily reversed in 1990. Total petroleum tonnage

decreased 4.9% to 24.0 million long tons from 25.2 million long tons in 1990 mainly as a result of a decline in crude oil shipments. Crude oil flows

dropped 1 1 . 1% to 8.2 million long tons, with a sharp decline in Ecuadorian

shipments offsetting moderate gains in Venezuelan oil flows. The two main

destinations of Ecuadorian crude oil via the Canal, the U. S. East Coast

and the West Indies, suffered steep declines of 25.9% and 43.7%,

respectively. The lower imports from Ecuador suggest some shift in sourcing by the U.S. and several West Indies countries. Ecuadorian oil production in recent years has remained stable, with no new reserves of

crude oil discovered. The small increase in crude emanating from

Venezuela was mainly concentrated in shipments to the West Coast of

Central America and Chile. Petroleum products, the other component of
8 CANAL TRAFFIC

this commodity group, also dropped in 1991. This trade totaled 15.8 million long tons, falling by 1.3% from 16.0 million long tons in 1990. The

largest decline occurred in the residual fuel oil movement, which was down

17.6% to 4.5 million long tons, reflecting substantial declines in shipments

from Peru and Ecuador to the U.S. East Coast. The nitrate, phosphates and potash commodity group moved up in importance this year with a total tonnage of 14.7 million long tons. This

tonnage represented a 6.7% increase over the 13.8 million long tons

registered in 1990. Fueling the increase was a 16.1% rise in phosphate

shipments, which brought this component of the commodity group to a record 9.5 million long tons. The surge in phosphate shipments was evident

in several routes, but was particularly strong in the U.S. East Coast-Far

East route, the major route of this trade. This route, which accounted for 64 percent of the total phosphate tonnage, exhibited a 23.7% increase to 6.

1

million long tons due to a sharp rise in shipments to China. China received

3.6 million long tons, up from the 2.5 million long tons imported last year. The strong phosphate movement seen this year might be attributable to a

certain extent to source substitutions of Jordanian phosphate resulting

from the Middle East conflict. The tonnage of ores and metals fell 8.8% to 1 1.4 million long tons from

12.5 million long tons in the prior year. The decline was mainly due to the poor performance of aluminum/ bauxite, which plunged 42.9% to 1.9 million long tons. Aluminum/ bauxite shipments from Oceania to the U.S.

East Coast and to the East Coast of South America—the major routes for

this trade—displayed the largest declines. As a result, total ores, accounting

for 63% of the commodity group's tonnage, declined 12.8% to 7.2 million

long tons from the 8.2 million long tons registered the year before. Shipments of metals remained at the 1990 level of 4.2 millions long tons. Scrap metal, the major component of the metals segment, dropped 5.0 percent to 2. 1 million long tons despite increased movement on this metal's principal route, U.S. East Coast to the Far East. The lumber and products commodity group, accounting for 9.5 miUion

long tons, increased less than one percent, but reached a record level. The

movement of lumber products—excluding pulpwood—from the U.S. East Coast to the Far East rose sharply from 1.6 million long tons in 1990 to 2.6 million long tons. In recent years, this route has emerged as an important

route in this trade, with the main product consisting of woodchips, material

destined for papermaking. West Coast Canada, the major source of lumber

via the Canal, registered a decline for the second consecutive year to 2.3 milUon long tons from 3.1 miUion long tons in 1990. Coal and coke displayed, as a whole, an improvement of 3.4%,

increasing to 8.4 million long tons from the 8.1 million long tons of the previous year. The increase was due to a 59.0% rise in the coke component
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 9

of the group. Coke shipments were up from 1.0 miUion long tons to 1.6 million long tons. Coal shipments, however, deteriorated a further 4.3% to

6.8 million long tons from 7.1 million long tons in 1990 as a result of the continued decline of U.S. coal exports to the Far East via the Canal. Coal

to the Far East fell from 4.2 million long tons to 3.4 million long tons, with

shipments to Japan and Taiwan totaling 1.5 million long tons and 1.8 million long tons versus prior year levels of 1.6 and 2.5 million long tons, respectively. U.S. coal tonnage from Hampton Roads bypassing the Canal on ships too large to transit the waterway reached another record this year with 7.4 million long tons. For the fourth consecutive year, the important automobile trade,

included in the machinery and equipment commodity group, experienced a

decline. The downward trend, however, appears to be tapering off. Automobile tonnage was down 4.8 percent to 1.6 million long tons from

1.7 million long tons in 1990, with shipments from Japan to the U.S. East Coast, the major route, showing a marginal decline of 34 thousand long

tons. Containerized cargo reached a record 21.2 millions long tons, increasing

2.4% from 20.7 million long tons in 1990. Most of the increase was

registered on the movement between the U.S. East Coast and the Far East,

which accounted for over 53% of the total trade. U.S. exports to the Far

East continued to increase reaching 6.5 million long tons compared with

6.1 million long tons in the prior year. U.S. imports from the Far East, however, fell from 4.9 million long tons to 4.8 million long tons reflecting

sluggish U.S. demand and the continued competition from the U.S. intermodal system.

Most other commodity groups experienced gains in fiscal year 1991. Record levels were reached in the movement of refrigerated products,

which increased 10.6 percent to 5.9 million long tons from 5.3 million long

tons in the prior year, and in chemicals and petroleum chemicals, which

rose 19.9 percent to 8.1 million long tons from 6.7 million long tons in 1990. Bananas from Ecuador and refrigerated fruits from Chile were the main trades accounting for the increase in refrigerated products. The

marked increase in chemicals and petrochemicals was particularly evident

in flows from the U.S. East Coast to the Far East and is attributed, in part, to shifts in source markets resuhing from the Middle East conflict. Manufactures of iron and steel also recorded significant gains in 1991,

reaching 8.3 million long tons, the highest level since 1978. The

improvement was due to increased U.S. exports of manufactures of iron

and steel to the Far East. The gains achieved in these commodities were

offset to a small degree by declines in other agricultural products.

The dominant trade route in Canal traffic continued to be between the U.S. East Coast and the Far East. The route accounted for 62.8 million

long tons, or 38.6% of total commercial cargo, with this tonnage
10 CANAL TRAFFIC

representing an increase of 9.5% from the 57.4 million long tons registered

in the prior year. The following tables show the principal commodity groups moving in oceangoing commercial vessels during 1991 and a comparison of the major

trade routes in fiscal years 1991 and 1990.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 11

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14 CANAL OPERATIONS

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Chapter II

CANAL OPERATIONS

Canal operations are comprised of Transit Operations, Maintenance,

and Related Canal Projects. The various functions are divided among a number of operating bureaus within the Canal agency. TRANSIT OPERATIONS

Daily average transits by oceangoing vessels averaged 35.0 per day

during fiscal year 1991. Average time in Canal waters decreased from 24.4 hours in fiscal year 1990 to 22.0 hours in fiscal year 1991. Unseasonably high levels of traffic were experienced during the first quarter of FY 1991. Canal traffic performance strengthened further following the outbreak of the war in the Middle East and continued

through the third quarter of the year.

Percent Percent

Vessels of total Vessels of total of 600-foot oceangoing of 80-foot oceangoing

Fiscal Year length and over transits beam and over transits 1991 4,008 31.4 5,825 45.6 1990 3,772 31.3 5,545 46.0 1989 3,913 32.4 5,734 47.5 1988 4,047 32.9 6,027 48.9 1987 4,005 32.5 5,902 48.0 1986 4,131 34.4 5,898 49.1 1985 3,862 33.1 5,514 47.3 1984 3,865 33.9 5,496 48.3 1983 4,157 35.1 5,869 49.5 1982 5,534 39.5 7,226 51.1 198! 4,855 34.7 6,364 45.5 1980 4,598 33.8 6,089 44.7 The number of vessels transiting at more than 36-foot draft increased

8.9%: 1,938 vessels during FY 1991 compared to 1,780 during fiscal year

1990. The maximum allowable draft remained at 39 feet 6 inches during the

entire fiscal year. Total jobs performed by Commission tugs increased from 37,072 in fiscal year 1990 to 40,580 in fiscal year 1991.

IS
16 CANAL OPERATIONS

From the comfort of a luxurious cruise ship passengers view dry chamber work in the west lane of Gatun Locks during an overhaul. This $7.4 milHon project included removal, rehabilitation and reinstallation of four miter gates; maintenance work on rising stem valves and the locomotive tow track system; and repair or replacement of fendering and cathodic protection.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 17

Fiscal Year

I 1991 1990 \ Oceangoing transits 12,763 12,052 Tug jobs: Balboa 28,332 26,191 Cristobal 12,248 10,881 Tug operating hours 62,535 58,215 MAINTENANCE AND CANAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS

Maintenance and improvements to the Canal continued as scheduled

throughout the year. The various divisions and units of the Engineering

and Construction Bureau are generally responsible for the overall physical

maintenance and improvement of the waterway. The Marine Bureau

operates and maintains the locks and related facilities. Channel Improvements: Channel dredging activities during fiscal year

1991 focused on the Pacific Entrance Channel Widening, where 701,500

cubic yards of material were removed by the dipper dredge RIALTO M.

CHRISTENSEN. A total of 7,343,136 cubic yards of material has been

dredged to date on the project which began in fiscal year 1988 and is scheduled for completion in 1992. In August 1991, a small landslide at Culebra Reach deposited 15,075

cubic yards of rock into the Canal. Vessel traffic continued; however,

transit precautions were exercised over a period often days, until the debris was removed. Statistics on the total volume of material dredged for the year appear in Table 14 of this report.

Three new range towers composing the new Centerline Range were built as part of the Pacific Entrance Channel Widening Project. The new aids to navigation incorporate state-of-the-art technology and are outfitted with

marks for day and night use. The widening of the Pacific approach channel created the need for added

protection to Pier No. 6 of the Thatcher Ferry Bridge, located off the edge

of the east bank of the channel. Maintenance Division placed

approximately 40,000 cubic yards of armor rock around the pier as protection against accidental ship collision. At the July 1991 meeting of the Commission's Board of Directors,

approval was granted to begin widening and straightening the narrow,

eight-mile Gaillard Cut area of the Canal. This internally funded multiphase excavation effort is scheduled to begin in FY 1992 and will be

performed over a number of years utilizing in-house resources to accomplish wet excavation and commercial contractors to perform dry

land work. Widening of the channel will increase its minimum width from

500 feet to 630 feet in the straight sections and maximum width to 730 feet

at the curves. Completion of this major improvement will allow two way

passage of virtually all vessels throughout the waterway.

Locks: A miter gate overhaul was conducted at Gatun Locks during
18 CANAL OPERATIONS

FY 1991. Gates Nos. 7, 8, 15 and 16 were removed for rehabilitation and

were replaced by gates 19, 20, 31 and 32 which had been removed and

rehabilitated in 1990. During the dry chamber phases of the overhaul,

additional maintenance work on rising stem valves, conductor slot, rubber

fendering and cathodic protection was also performed. Gatun and Pedro

Miguel Locks also had scheduled lane outages for limited periods during

the year in order to allow for the conversion of rising stem valves and to inspect underwater equipment in the centerwall. Two locomotive turntables were purchased. One is being installed at Gatun Locks and the other is tentatively scheduled for installation at Pedro

Miguel in FY 1993 upon completion of the final design. The new turntables

permit earlier attachment of towing locomotive cables to vessels for improved handling during lockages. Rehabilitation of 1,447 feet of

landslide rail, 1,000 feet of conductor slot and 48 feet of rack track for the towing locomotive track system was also accomplished during the year. Installation of the new sandwich type forebay fendering was completed

at Pedro Miguel and Gatun Locks and work is underway at Miraflores

Locks. Additionally, approximately 1,200 feet of experimental approach

wall fendering was installed at Pedro Miguel Locks Southeast approach

wall for testing and evaluation.

The first phase of a program to install an improved fire protection

system at all three locks has been completed at Miraflores Locks North and

South approaches. Installation of similar systems is scheduled for Pedro

Miguel Locks in FY 1993, followed by Gatun Locks in FY 1995/ FY 1996. Two newly fabricated support structures and accompanying refurbished

roadways were installed at the Gatun Locks Vehicular Bridge.

Dams and Spillways: At Madden Dam two of the four drum gates and

one of the two needle valve penstocks were repainted. General repairs and

emplacement of experimental bottom seals to three Miraflores Spillway

gates was accomplished.

Communications: The third major stage in the Commission's ongoing

telecommunications improvement project was completed at a cost of about

$2 million. Included were the installation of a new digital electronic

switching system in Gatun and a supporting digital trans-Isthmian

microwave system.

Floating Equipment Maintenance: A scheduled major overhaul costing

approximately $3.7 million was performed on the dredge MINDI. The

suction system of the dredge was modified and a new all around fendering

system was installed. On the dredge CHRISTENSEN, structural repairs

and modifications were made to its boom, and a spare dipper stick to the dredge was manufactured.

Caissons Nos. 1 and 2 were inspected by surveyors of the American

Bureau of Shipping to determine their structural, electrical and mechanical
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 19

condition. The replacement of Caisson No. 1 is under review while Caisson

No. 2 is undergoing major rehabiUtation.

Scheduled overhauls were performed on the tugs WALKER and GUIA.

Three other tugs received emergency repairs and structural repairs were made to one tug. Barges 102, 214, and 407, Diving Barge DOLPHIN, and

ten launches received overhauls as scheduled.

Acquisitions and contracts: A new dredge tender, the CULEBRA,

which cost approximately $1.3 million, arrived at Gamboa on September

27, 1991. Contracts were awarded for the construction of a new anchor

barge, three twin screw pilot/ linehandler launches, and for modernization

of the linehandling and launch facility at Gatun Lighthouse landing.

During the year, the Engineering and Construction Bureau awarded 131 contracts totaling $13.6 million for construction related projects.
20 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

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Chapter III

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

Supporting units of the Panama Canal Commission provided essential support services for the operation and maintenance of the waterway and

the Agency's facilities, as well as to other U.S. agencies on the Isthmus and

to employees and their dependents. These operations included logistical services community services, sanitation and grounds management,

transportation services, public utilities, fire protection, security, health and

safety and other employee services. LOGISTICAL SERVICES

The Logistical Support Division provided centralized procurement,

inventory management, warehousing, distribution, contract administration

and supply and property disposal support to Canal operations. A total of

$81.7 million in goods and services were procured in fiscal year 1991,

including $22.9 million from sources in Panama. This includes $5.6 miUion

for light diesel fuel oil purchased from Texaco Antilles, Ltd. and Esso Standard Oil, S.A. Bunker "C" oil purchases for thermoelectric power

generation totalled $10.3 million (two purchases from U.S. firms and one from Refineria Panama). Major contracting obligations included

$2,614,281 for catastrophic insurance, $1,707,708 for a crane barge,

$1,307,151 for pilot and line handler launches, $1,271,080 for fire trucks,

$769,961 for rewinding and uprating of Gatun power plant generators,

$728,614 for aluminum sulphate (a water treatment chemical), $726,960 for

rising stem valve parts, $406,430 for replacement of a steam turbine unit economizer, $406,023 for air compressors, $337,000 for ball joint

assemblies and $330,750 for a turbine runner. Approximately $19.3 million in inventory items were issued for Commission use, and $20.4 million was obligated for new inventory

purchases during the year. A total inventory of 38,659 line items with an

average inventory value of $29.7 million was on hand at year-end.

Activities of the Excess Disposal Unit included no-cost transfers to other U.S. Government agencies of excess equipment having an original

21
22 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

acquisition value of $2.4 million. Surplus property sold to the Government

of Panama at current fair market value amounted to approximately

$13,618. Sales to others totaled $363,792.11.

The New Orleans Branch in Louisiana expedited urgent purchases and

coordinated all Commission cargo shipments from the United States to Panama. Under the coverage of the Military Sealift Command's contract,

19,238 measurement tons of containerized and breakbulk cargo were

shipped from Louisiana ports to the Port of Las Minas, Republic of

Panama.

COMMUNITY SERVICES

During fiscal year 1991, the Community Services Division managed

Commission housing, Commission-owned buildings, the Furniture Pool,

the Technical Resources Center and the Employee Fitness Program.

The housing portion of the operation allocated its resources to managing, maintaining, repairing, and ensuring the safety and security of

the quarters inventory. Sixty-nine Department of Defense Schools

employees continued occupying Commission housing units under an inter- service agreement. Under the multi-year housing management plan, the

division identified 141 housing units in the town sites of Balboa, Diablo,

Gamboa and Margarita for release to the Government of Panama by the end of calendar year 1 99 1 . To date, the Commission has released a total of

55 housing units of the 141 identified. The housing inventory decreased

from 1,545 to 1,490. This represents 34% of the inventory of approximately

4,300 units owned by the Panama Canal Company prior to entry into force

of the Panama Canal Treaty in 1979. Conversely, a total of 66% of those

units have transferred to the Government of Panama in 12 years since Treaty implementation.

The buildings management activity maintained and operated Commission buildings and structures (not specifically assigned to other

Commission units) and a centralized custodial service. As an ongoing

project, this unit continued to modify facilities to comply with OSHA

standards for handicapped personnel and increased physical security of

buildings. No buildings were transferred to the Government of Panama

during the year. The branch began operating the Commission's furniture

pool effective January 1, 1991. In addition to its own pool, it also coordinates the procurement of new Commission office furniture and

related furniture requirements such as inventory, transportation, storage,

maintenance and repair.

The Technical Resources Center provided mission-support information

and research to all units of the Commission and other U.S. agencies and

maintained a collection of library and tridimensional materials relating
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 23

to the history and operation of the Panama Canal. This unit supported the professional development of the pilot understudies, apprentices, clerical trainees and other employees through workshops and publications. Online

public access computers (OPAC) became operational for both staff and

patrons. OPAC allows users to search the technical collection online and

printout bibliographies.

The Employee Fitness Branch administered a variety of duty-related as well as off-duty fitness programs and recreational facilities. Training was

provided to Commission units in rescue, water safety, advanced life saving

and survival floating. The branch continues to be responsible for certifying

swimming proficiency of job applicants and employees.

SANITATION AND GROUNDS MANAGEMENT

The sanitation activity provides environmental health support to Commission employees and Panama Canal operating units. This

responsibility extends to protecting the work force from tropical diseases

transmitted by insect and arthropod vectors. Mosquito control measures

primarily involved hand labor maintenance of surface drainage systems to prevent breeding in ponded water. The Sanitation Branch, in coordination

with the Entomology Laboratory Unit, operated an extensive mosquito

surveillance and monitoring network in the Canal area. In FY 1991, Aedes

aegypti breeding locations discovered and controlled increased to 89 from

54 in FY 1990. Africanized honey bees continue to infest a wide area of the Republic

Panama. The Sanitation Branch continued to operate an immediate

response system for the control of Africanized bees reported by

Commission units and housing occupants. Several swarms were controlled

aboard transiting vessels. Bee control workload increased by 21 percent,

from 167 colonies destroyed in FY 1990 to 202 colonies destroyed in FY 1991. Refuse disposal services at the Commission's Atlantic and Pacific sanitary landfills continued to be provided for Canal area solid wastes,

including refuse from U.S. military installations and Government

contractors. In FY 1991, net refuse disposal workload decreased by 7.4%

compared to FY 1990. Military refuse tonnage dropped by 15%.

Grounds Branch agronomists provided technical oversight for the longterm Gaillard Cut reforestation project which is managed by the Engineering Division. Contract planting of 64,000 tree seedlings of the fast-growing tree species. Acacia and Gmelina, proved effective in reducing

both soil erosion and unwanted types of vegetation in potential landslide areas of Gaillard Cut. Grounds Branch and Fire Division crews accomplished grass fire damage control at the tree plantations.
24 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

MOTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

The Motor Transportation Division operated and maintained a consolidated motor pool of 955 vehicles designed to meet the vehicular

transportation requirements of the Commission. The vehicle fleet in Fiscal Year 1991 included 639 trucks of various types, 211 passenger-carrying

vehicles, 54 special purpose vehicles and 51 special equipment vehicles. Fleet mileage increased from 7,466,000 in FY 1990 to 8,032,1 12 in FY 1991. Fully equipped shops, including a tire retreading facility, light and heavy

duty repair shops, and specialized transmission, diesel and machine shops

provided facilities for overhauls, preventive maintenance and repairs to the Motor Transportation Division fleet and equipment of other Commission

units. The vehicle inspection facilities located within the Motor

Transportation Division were used again in FY 1991 for inspection of

privately owned vehicles belonging to Department of Defense and

Commission personnel. This service was provided under an AAFES

contract, after being suspended in FY 1990 due to the U.S. military

operation Just Cause. These facilities were also used for the inspection of

all Commission vehicles. The transportation section is staffed with a total of 156 motor vehicle operators in both districts, and manages a motor pool

of 381 vehicles, consisting of 250 general pool, 84 replacement and 47

special purpose vehicles and equipment. This section performed an average

of 4,522 monthly transportation trips during FY 1991 for services ranging

from transisthmian pilot trips to heavy equipment operation.

PUBLIC UTILITIES AND ENERGY

Panama Canal Commission facilities include electric power generation

and distribution systems, communication systems, water purification and

distribution systems, and a central chilled water air conditioning system for certain public buildings.

Total Canal area energy demand during fiscal year 1991 was 533

gigawatt hours, a 0.2 percent increase from the 532 gigawatts used last year. The peak hourly demand of 85.1 megawatts, reached on June 12, 1991,

showed a slight increase from the 84.6 megawatts peak reached in fiscal year 1990. Electrical power consumed for Commission operations was 67.3 gigawatts hours, 4.7 percent above the previous year. Gasoline and

petroleum distillate fuel usage by the Commission during FY 1991 (excluding fuel for power generation), was 4.2 million gallons, 1 1.4 percent

lower than in FY 1990. Combined fuel and electrical energy consumption

by the Commission, calculated in btu's, also showed an overall decrease,

7.4 percent, in comparison with FY 1990. The water treatment and distribution systems operated by the Commission provide potable water for the Canal area and areas of the Republic of Panama. The Pacific side system serves the Canal area,
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 25

portions of Panama City, and suburban areas. During fiscal year 1991, the systems on each side of the Isthmus supplied 3.42 billion cubic feet of

potable water to consumers, a slight increase of about 0.88 percent from

the previous year. Water supplied by the Panama Canal Commission to Panama City and Colon metropolitan areas amounted to approximately

57.1 miUion gallons per day.

FIRE PROTECTION

The Panama Canal Commission Fire Division and the Bomberos of the Republic of Panama, in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of

1977, are responsible for providing fire protection, fire fighting and

emergency rescue services in Canal operating areas, defense sites, and

military areas of coordination, including shipboard fire fighting on all vessels in Canal area waters. Commission responses for FY 1991 totaled 6,519 compared to 5,934 for FY 1990. The marine stand-by program for hazardous ships at the locks accounted for nearly 38 percent of the responses this year. This service is provided by Fire Division personnel with foam apparatuses on stand-by at the locks as a marine safety measure for those vessels designated by the Marine Bureau as carrying dangerous cargos. The critical period is considered to be when a vessel is entering the locks. There were 1,707 responses for ambulance service compared to 1,653 in FY 1990. This division also responded to a total of 39 bomb threats during

FY 1991 as compared to 91 in FY 1990. Excluding ship fires, there were 445

fires this year, a slight reduction over FY 1990. Most incidents were grass and brush fires, which frequently occurred during the vulnerable dry

season. Additional fire statistics appear in Table 16 of this report. In accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, formal joint

training was conducted on 6 occasions with the Bomberos of the Republic

of Panama as compared to 9 for last year. This figure is in addition to regularly occurring joint responses to fires and other emergencies.

CANAL PROTECTION

During fiscal year 1991, the Canal Protection Division provided security for equipment, installations and facilities devoted to the operation,

maintenance and management of the Panama Canal.

For a brief period, the division assisted the Panama National Police in the patrolling of two Commission town sites due to a shortage of police

units. The police and Canal Protection personnel continue to jointly patrol

remote land and water areas of the Canal.

Considerable resources were expended safeguarding navigational aids and related equipment on the west bank of the Canal. Security hardware

improvements were made at critical installations and support facilities. Final designs and specifications for a centralized security control system were completed.
26 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Occupational Health and Safety Divisions are components of the

Office of Personnel Administration. The Personnel Director is the Designated Agency Safety and Health Official. The Panama Canal

Commission is committed to ensuring a safe and healthful workplace for its employees, an objective which enjoys support from all levels of

Commission management.

During fiscal year 1991, the Commission experienced 375 performanceof-duty accidents/ illnesses for which employees required medical attention

beyond first aid, as compared to 374 in fiscal year 1990. The incident rate for fiscal year 1991 was 4.5 per 100 employees, the same as for fiscal year

1990. There were no fatalities in fiscal year 1991. Workplace health and safety programs were improved and expanded

during fiscal year 1991. Formal workplace inspections and evaluations were ongoing; compliance with all aspects of the Hazard Communication

Policy was stressed; the agency's Confined Space Policy and implementing

procedures were revised and fine tuned; and a Respiratory Protection

Policy was issued. As the cholera epidemic threatened to reach Panama,

special training and media information were provided to employees. The

joint labor/ management Safety and Health Committee met regularly to maintain its valuable role in the agency's overall health and safety program.

The agency Drug-Free Workplace Plan continued in effect, with

incident, accident, reasonable suspicion, random and applicant drug

testing; counseling and rehabilitation through the agency's Employee

Assistance Program; and strict penalties for those who refused the services offered or who did not refrain from drug use. The Employee Assistance

Program provided not only rehabilitative services related to substance

abuse, but also included stress management and other health counseling.

Employee and public awareness of the dangers and consequences of drug

abuse, together with the sources of assistance available to stop drug use, was increased via a series of agency newspaper articles, classes and inter- agency campaigns.
Chapter IV

ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL

FORCE EMPLOYED AND PAYROLL

At the end of fiscal year 1991, the total Isthmian force of the Commission was 8,740 compared to 8,332 employees in fiscal year 1990. Of the total Isthmian force, 7,206 were permanent and 1,534 temporary.

Of the permanent Isthmian work force, 6,281 (87.2%) were Panamanians,

859 (1 1.9%) were U.S. citizens, and 66 (0.9%) were third country nationals.

Eighteen persons, all U.S. citizens, were employed by the Commission in New Orleans and Washington, DC.

The total Commission payroll was $229.5 million in fiscal year 1991 compared to $204.8 million in fiscal year 1990. Of the total Commission

fiscal year 1991 payroll, $173.5 million was paid to non-U. S. citizen employees and $56.0 million to U.S. citizen employees.

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM

The Agency's FY 1990 Affirmative Employment Program Report for Minorities and Women (EEO-MD-714) and the Report for the Employment of People with Disabilities (EEO-MD-713) for the U.S.

citizen work force were submitted to the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission during fiscal year 1991, as required.

Formal EEO complaints reflected a 62.5% decrease from the previous

year. Of the complaints being processed, 21.7% were resolved through

settlement agreements. Several workshops on the prevention of sexual

harassment in the workplace were conducted for supervisors and

employees. Black History Month, National Hispanic Heritage Month, and

National Disability Employment Awareness Month were commemorated.

Six hundred and seven employees attended Women's Week training during

March. Training in the EEO complaint process was provided to 40

supervisors and employees. The Panamanian Preference Program

continued to reflect increased participation of R.P. nationals at all levels.

27
28 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

The composition of the work force by sex, minority group and citizenship

at the end of fiscal year 1991 is reflected below:

Male . .

.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 29

inefficiencies, omissions and policy conflicts existing within the various

offices of the Panama Canal Commission, and between the Commission

and other U.S. Government agencies on the Isthmus of Panama resulting

from the treaty. The office provides the widest latitude possible for handling problems affecting employee morale and the quality of life. The office maintains close contact with officers of the three Residents

Advisory Committees as a means to assure close communication between

the Commission and these community groups on matters of concern to residents in Commission housing areas. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

Labor-management relations throughout the fiscal year routinely

encompassed activities and issues characteristic to the federal sector. In November 1990, the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)

issued a decision upholding an arbitrator's interpretation of the pilots collective bargaining agreement which in effect bars the Commission from

placing pilots on AWOL for not reporting to duty on time as a result of

oversleeping. The arbitrator determined these pilots must be placed on

leave even though they may be subject to discipline. When this case was

filed with the FLRA, the well-established rule was that arbitration awards

would be set aside if contract provisions were interpreted to infringe on a management right. The FLRA modified the rule during the pendency of

this case. It now holds that an award will be overturned only if such an

interpretation totally abrogates a management right. In 1990 it was reported that, absent settlement, an unfair labor practice

(ULP) complaint would be issued against the Commission for unilaterally

terminating the option of non-preference eligible employees to appeal

adverse actions through the agency's administrative procedure. In February 1991, the FLRA's Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) dismissed

the ULP and determined that the Commission had properly terminated the procedure for the employees in question. However, the Commission filed an exception on other grounds. The case is presently pending before the FLRA. The union has also filed exceptions to the ALJ's decision. On April 7, the firefighter collective bargaining agreement was again

extended for a one-year period pursuant to an automatic renewal

provision.

GENERAL COUNSEL

Upon the December 23, 1985 enactment of Public Law 99-209, the Commission was authorized to settle all vessel-accident claims without

regard to amount or situs of the incident which resulted in the injury or damage. The 30 out-of-locks vessel-accident claims which were pending at that time were adjudicated by the end of FY 1990. Additionally, final disposition of the pending admiralty suits (two filed before passage of the Amendments Act and nine thereafter) was made prior to close of FY 1990.
30 ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

One was dismissed by the court and 10 were settled. No new suits in admiralty were filed during FY 1991. As in previous years, the principal area of settlement emanated from

marine accidents. Twenty claims for vessel damage in the amount of

$3,372,243 were settled for the total sum of $1,436,109. Settlement of

miscellaneous general claims for FY 1991 totaled $67,975, a decrease of

34% from FY 1990. The decision of the Corps of Engineers Board of Contract Appeals

concerning an appeal arising from the construction of the Paraiso Reach

Tie-Up Station was received in early September 1991. Legal briefs and

proposed findings of fact were submitted to the Board by legal counsel in December 1990 and February 1991, respectively. The defaulting

contractor, performance-bond surety, and the principal completing

subcontractor had brought a claim against the Commission in 1986 seeking

a judgment of $6. 1 million, plus interest. Commission exposure in this case was in excess of $9.1 million. The three-judge panel ruled unanimously,

however, that the claims of the contractor and the surety were without

merit and were, therefore, denied. The Board also denied the largest of the

subcontractor's two claims, while allowing a judgment on the smaller claim

in the amount of $478,726. A total amount of $695,873, which included

interest, was subsequently paid by the Commission to the subcontractor.

The appellants have submitted to the Board a motion to reconsider and

reverse its decision. If that motion is denied, the appellants will have 120

days to appeal the ruling to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Nine new contract appeals were filed against the Commission during the

fiscal year. This is up from five filed in the previous year, and reflects the steady increase in the ability and willingness of local contractors to utilize the appeal process available under the Contract Disputes Act. Seven of the new appeals were brought by Panamanian contractors, and each was filed with the Corps of Engineers Board of Contract Appeals.
Chapter V

FINANCIAL REPORT

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1991

The financial statements of the Panama Canal Commission, appearing

as Tables 1 through 4, with accompanying notes, present the financial position of the Commission at September 30, 1991 and the result of its operations for the fiscal year then ended.

The accounts and statements of the Panama Canal Commission have

been examined by the Office of Inspector General of the Commission and

by the United States General Accounting Office. Detailed audit reports

of the United States General Accounting Office are directed to the Congress

and are presented as Congressional documents.

The Commission is a federal executive agency that was established on

October 1, 1979, to carry out the responsibilities of the United States with

respect to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The Commission will operate the Canal until the Treaty terminates on December 31, 1999, when the Republic of Panama will assume full responsibility for the Canal.

SCHEDULED TERMINATION OF THE COMMISSION

As provided by the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, the Panama Canal

Commission will terminate on December 31, 1999, when the Republic of

Panama will assume full responsibility for the management, operation, and

maintenance of the Panama Canal. The treaty provides that the Canal is to be turned over in operating condition and free of liens and debts, except as the two Parties may otherwise agree. To do this, the Commission needs to recover all of its costs from its revenues. The Commission operates as a rate-regulated utility, with

approximately 75 percent of revenue obtained from tolls and the remaining

25 percent from nontoll revenue, such as navigation fees and electric power sales. The President of the United States serves as the rate regulator for tolls, which are established at a level to recover the costs of

operating and maintaining the Canal.

31
32 FINANCIAL REPORT

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Commission ended fiscal year 1991 with net operating revenues of

$3.6 million, compared to net operating revenues of $7.0 million for fiscal year 1990. Net operating revenue for 1991 eliminated carry forward losses from prior years of $2.7 million, leaving the remaining $875,000 to be paid

to the Republic of Panama. The Panama Canal Act of 1979 requires that

tolls be prescribed at rates calculated to recover such prior year losses. From 1987 through 1991, toll and nontoll revenues increased an average

of 4.0 percent annually. Fiscal year 1991 total operating revenues increased

to $506 million, up 6.7 percent over fiscal year 1990. This was due to a

slight increase of ships transiting the Canal caused by the Persian Gulf War

and 6 percent more net tonnage. Nontoll revenue, which consists primarily

of navigation fees and electric power sales, increased to $138 million during

fiscal year 1991, up 15.6 percent form 1990. This increase was due to the recognition of $13 million of advance booking fees in 1991, which were

accounted for as advances for capital in 1990. From 1987 through 1991, total operating expenses increased an average

of 3.8 percent annually. Fiscal year 1991 total operating expenses increased

to $503 million, up 7.5 percent over fiscal year 1990. Most operating costs remained fairly constant between 1990 and 1991. Some of the highlights were: —Tonnage payments to the Republic of Panama increased 15.6 percent

in 1991 due to an increase (from 0.32 cents to 0.35 cents) in the amount

paid to Panama for each ton transiting the Canal and to higher Canal

traffic. —Cost of maintenance of channels, dams, and spillways increased 20.8 percent over 1990, due to dredging of Canal waterways and overhauls of

equipment.

—Supply and transportation services increased 20.3 percent in 1991 due

to an increase of $4.7 million in the provision for obsolete and excess

inventory.

—General and administrative costs in 1991 remained constant due to the

offset of salary and other costs by an increase in the credit for the amortization of capital advance and lower costs of employee repatriation. —Interest expense, decreased by 23.6 percent in 1991 due to lower rates and lower U.S. interest-bearing investment.

ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND CAPITAL

Between September 30, 1990, and September 30, 1991, total assets of the Commission declined by 2.3 percent to $856 million, total liabilities declined by 4.9 percent to $383 million, and U.S. Government capital

remained at approximately $473 million. The most significant changes in individual account balances for this period were: —Property, plant, and equipment (excluding depreciation) increased by
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 33

$25 million in 1991 to $1,023 million. This increase was due primarily to capital expenditures, such as $4.8 million for replacement of lock

locomotive turntables, $4.6 million of motor vehicle replacements, $3.4

million of improvements to electric power and communication systems,

$1.8 million for construction of a grit blasting and painting facility, and

$1.3 million for replacement of launches and launch engines.

—Current assets increased in 1991 by $5 million to $173 million, due

primarily to higher cash balances generated by operations, offset by a $6.

1

million decrease in inventory, $5.7 of which was caused by an increase in the allowance for obsolete and excess items. -Deferred charges declined by $30 million in 1991 to $186 million,

primarily due to amortization of deferred charges for retirement and

workers' compensation benefits. —Current liabilities increased in 1991 by $4 million to $144 million,

primarily due to higher year end fuel oil purchases and higher operating

costs. —Long-term liabilities decreased $27 milUon in 1991 to $181 miUion,

primarily due to the amortization of employee benefits.
34 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 1.— Statement of Financial Position September 30, 1991 and 1990

(Dollars in thousands)

Assets 1991 1990 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

At cost $1,022,626 $997,155

Less accumulated depreciation and valuation allowances 525,303 505,029

497,323 492,126 CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash 127,135 1 14,481 Accounts receivable 11 ,687 1 3,33

1

Inventories, less allowance for obsolete and excess in- ventory of $6,467 and $800 respectively 33,900 40,000 Other 205 172

172,927 167,984

DEFERRED CHARGES:

Early retirement benefits 121,152 136,296 Compensation benefits for work injuries 59,530 71,685 Retirement benefits to certain formeremployees 5,178 5,587 Unrecovered costs due from subsequent revenues 2,713

185,860 216,281

TOTAL ASSETS $856,110 $876,391

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 35

Table 1.— Statement of Financial Position September 30, 1991 and 1990

(Dollars in thousands)

Capital and Liabilities I99I 1990 CAPITAL:

Investment of the United States Government:

Interest-bearing (9.949% and 10.135%,

respectively) Non-interest-bearing

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Accounts payable: Commercial vendors and other U.S. Government agencies

Republic of Panama

Accrued liabilities: Employees' leave

Salaries and wages

Early retirement benefits Compensation benefits for work injuries Retirement benefits to certain former employees .

.

Employees' repatriation Marine accident claims Net operating revenue payable to Republic of Panama

Other

Other current liabilities: Advances for capital-unexpended Other

DEFERRED CREDIT:

Advances for capital being amortized LONG-TERM LIABILITIES AND RESERVES:

Early retirement benefits Compensation benefits for work injuries Retirement benefits to certain former employees

Employees' repatriation Lock overhauls Marine accidents and casualty losses Floating equipment overhauls

TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES.

$120,557

352,622
^^ FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 2.— Statement of Operations

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1991 and 1990

(Dollars in thousands)

OPERATING REVENUES: /,,, ,,,, Tolls revenue $374,625 $355 558 Advances lor capita! (5,929) Net tolls revenue 368.696 355,558 Other revenues 137,725 119, 1 15

Total operating revenues 506,421 474,673 OPERATING EXPENSES:

Payments to Republic of Panama:

Public services 10,000 10 000

Fixed annuity 10,000 10 000 Tonnage 67,593 58.457 87.593 78,457 Maintenance of channels, dams and spillways 35,628 29,482 Navigation service and control 86^221 78 912 Locks operation 53^778 48^294 General repair, engineering and maintenance

services 25,775 23,074 Supply and transportation services 23 851 19 829

'Jt'l'lies • • 3"l,'772 29.'854 Administrative and general 78,576 77 697

Depreciation 22,685 23.393

Fire and facility protection 13,351 12 699

Interest on interest-bearing investment 1

1 ,544 1 5 I H

Olher 32^059 30^853

Total operating expenses 502,833 467,657

Net Operating Revenue 3,588 7 016 Recovery of prior year losses (2,7 1 3) (7 016) NET OPERATING REVENUE PAYABl E TO

REPUBLIC OF PANAMA $875 $

I he accompanying nolcs are an inlegral pari ol this Malemenl.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 37

Table 3—Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States Government

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 1990 and 1991

(Dollars in thousands)

INVESTMENT AT OCTOBER 1. 1989

CHANGES IN INVESTMENT:

Expenditures from Panama Canal Revolving Fund

Tolls and other receipts deposited into Panama

Canal Revolving Fund

Net change in undeposited receipts Property transferred to other U.S. Government

agencies

INVESTMENT AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1990

1990
38 FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 4.—Statement of Cash Flows

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1991 and 1990

(Dollars in thousands)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: mi mo

Net operating revenue $3,588 $7,016

Adjustments to reconcile net revenue to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation 22,685 23,393 Net change in reserves and other 2,455 2,500 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: (Increase)/ decrease in receivables 1,644 (1,959) (Increase)/ decrease in inventories 6,100 (2,276) Decrease in other assets 14 534

Increase in liabilities 4,453 8,816 Total adjustments 37,351 31,008

Net cash provided by operating activities .... 40,939 38,024

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

Advances for capital 5,929 10,473 Capital expenditures (34,214) (35,858)

Net cash used in investing activities (28,285) (25,385)

Net increase in cash 12,654 12,639

Cash, beginning of year 114,481 101,842 CASH, END OF YEAR $127,135 $114,481

SUPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW

INFORMATION:

Cash paid during year for interest $1 1,562 $15,124

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 39

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Panama Canal Commission ("Commission") is an agency of the Executive Branch of the United States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, ("Treaty") and established by the Panama

Canal Act of 1979 ("Act") enacted September 27, 1979. The Commission

was estabhshed to carry out the responsibilities of the United States with

respect to the Panama Canal under the Treaty. In fulfilling these

obligations, the Commission manages, operates, and maintains the Canal,

its complementary works, installations, and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessels through the Canal. The Commission will perform these functions until the Treaty terminates on December 31, 1999,

at which time the Republic of Panama will assume full responsibility for the Canal, which shall be turned over in operating condition and free of

liens and debts, except as the two Parties may otherwise agree. The operation of the waterway is conducted on a self-financing basis. The Cornmission is expected to recover through tolls and other revenues all costs of operating and maintaining the Canal, including interest,

depreciation, working capital, capital for plant replacement, expansion and

improvements, and payments to the Republic of Panama for public

services and annuities. Revenues from tolls and all other sources are deposited in the U.S. Treasury in an account known as the Panama Canal

Revolving Fund. The resources in this fund are available for continuous

use and serve to finance Canal operating and capital programs which are reviewed annually by the Congress.

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. A summary of significant accounting policies follows:

a. Accounting and Reporting. The accounts of the Commission are maintained pursuant to the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950. Under

this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States prescribes the

principles, standards and related requirements to be met. The Commission

maintains its accounts in accordance with generally accepted accounting

principles and follows STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

STANDARDS N^ 71, "Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of

Regulation."

b. Reclassifications. Certain amounts for fiscal year 1990 have been re- classified to conform with the current financial statement presentation.

c. Cost Recovery. The basis for tolls rates ("statutory tolls formula") is prescribed in section 1602(b) of the Act and provides:

"Tolls shall be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues

to cover as nearly as practicable all costs of maintaining and

operating the Panama Canal, together with the facilities and

appurtenances related thereto, including unrecovered costs incurred
40 FINANCIAL REPORT

on or after the effective date of this Act, interest, depreciation,

working capital, payments to the RepubHc of Panama pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraph 4(a) and (b) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and capital for plant

replacement, expansion, and improvements. Tolls shall not be

prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues sufficient to cover payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph

4(c) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977."

Unrecovered costs for any year are to be recovered from revenues in subsequent years.

d. Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. The cost of minor items of property, plant and equipment

is charged to expense as incurred. Administrative and other related general

expenses are recovered currently and not capitalized.

e. Advances for Capital. The Board of Directors may program a portion of tolls in excess of depreciation for plant replacement, expansion,

or improvements. Such funds are considered capital advances from Canal

users. Upon utilization, these advances are amortized through an offset to depreciation expense in an amount calculated to approximate the depreciation on assets acquired with such advances. In fiscal year 1991,

$5.9 million from tolls were programmed for this purpose. For fiscal year

1990, no amount was programmed.

At the direction of the Board of Directors, a system was implemented in

fiscal year 1983 whereby shippers, for a fee, can make an advance

reservation for a vessel transit. Such funds are considered capital advances

from Canal users and upon utilization, the advances are amortized through an offset to depreciation expense in an amount calculated to approximate

the depreciation on assets acquired with such advances. In fiscal year 1990,

this system generated funds of $10.5 million. As authorized by the Board of

Directors, funds generated by this system in fiscal year 1991 were

accounted for as general revenues.

/. Depreciation. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over

their estimated service lives at rates computed using the straight-line

method. Composite depreciation is provided for premature plant retire- ments. The recurring costs of dredging the waterway are charged to expense. Non-recurring dredging costs for substantial improvements and better- ments to the waterway are considered additions to plant and are capitalized

and depreciated over their estimated service lives.

g. Accounts Receivable. Uncollectible accounts are recognized as a reduction in revenue when written off.

h. Inventories. Operating materials and supplies are stated at average

cost, plus cost of transportation. An allowance is provided for the estimated cost of obsolete and excess stock.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 41

/. Retirement Benefits. Employer contributions to the United States

Civil Service Retirement System, the Federal Employee Retirement

System, and the Republic of Panama Social Security System are charged

to expense when paid. The Commission has no liability for future payments to employees under these systems.

Non-United States citizen employees, who retired from predecessor

agencies prior to October 5, 1958, receive benefits under a separate annuity

plan. Payments made under this plan are recorded as a current year expense. Annual amounts expended for this plan were $1.1 million in fiscal years 1991 and 1990, respectively. The liability for future annuity payments

is reflected in the Statement of Financial Position as "Retirement benefits to certain former employees" and an equal amount is recorded as a deferred charge.

As required by the Act, the Commission is liable for the increase in the unfunded liability of the United States Civil Service Retirement Fund for benefits payable to employees and their survivors under the early

retirement provisions of the Act. The deferred charge and liability re- corded in these statements reflect the payments due to the Office of

Personnel Management over the life of the Treaty. The annual installment

of $15.1 million to liquidate the increased liability is determined by the Office of Personnel Management. The gross amount to be recovered from

tolls over the remaining life of the Treaty was $121.2 million as of fiscal year 1991 and $136.3 miUion as of fiscal year 1990.

j. Reserves. Reserves required to normalize expenses for incorporation

in the tolls process, are provided for through annual charges to operations.

These reserves cover such irregular costs as lock overhauls, floating

equipment overhauls, probable losses from marine accidents, fire, damages

other than fire, public liability and other casualties.

k. Housing Use Rights. No monetary value is assigned to the rights

granted to the United States Government by the Republic oi Panama to use Canal Area housing transferred to the Republic of Panama under the terms of the Treaty. The cost to manage, maintain and provide livability

improvements to these quarters is charged to expense. Rental income is included in other revenues.

/. Compensation Benefits for Work Injuries. The Federal Employees'

Compensation Act (FECA) provides compensation for performance of

duty injuries for eligible employees. The costs of the FECA program are recognized over the life of the Treaty.

2. Budgetary Resources.

a. Cash, accounts receivable, and the borrowing authority are the resources used by the Commission to determine its solvency position.

Incurring obligations in excess of the solvency position would be a

violation of the Antideficiency Act.

b. The Commission has authority to borrow funds from the U.S.
42 FINANCIAL REPORT

Treasury up to $100.0 million. No funds were borrowed during fiscal years

1991 and 1990.

3. Unrecovered Costs due from Subsequent Revenues.

Unrecovered costs from prior years must be recovered before deter- mining any net operating revenue due to the Republic of Panama. The

cumulative unrecovered costs from prior fiscal years operations were $9.7

million as of September 30, 1989. Of this amount, $7.0 million was

recovered in fiscal year 1990. Net operating revenue for fiscal year 1991 was

$3.6 million, which when netted against the outstanding unrecovered costs of $2.7 million, leaves a balance of $0.9 million payable to the Republic of

Panama.

4. Allowance for Obsolete and Excess Stock.

The allowance for obsolete and excess stock provides for: (1) the specific disposal of individual inventory items likely to occur; and (2) the systematic cost recognition for inventory items retained for possible use, but whose actual use most often does not occur. During fiscal year 1991, a comprehensive evaluation of inventory items that are infrequently issued,

but retained for possible use, was completed which indicated the need to increase the allowance for these items by $5.6 million.

5. Compensation Benefits for Work Injuries.

The Commission administers a program to compensate certain employees for death and disability resulting from performance of duty injuries or illnesses as set forth in the Federal Employees' Compensation Act. All United States citizen employees are eligible for coverage, as are non-United

States citizen employees hired prior to October 1, 1979. As provided by

FECA, employees and certain dependents are beneficiaries for various

periods that can extend to life. The liability and deferred charge recorded in these statements reflect the payments due to a Department of Labor fund established pursuant to Public Law 100-705. The Department of Labor will be reimbursed from

this fund for all expected future payments for accidents, adjusted for

inflation and interest earned. An evaluation, as of September 30, 1991, was

prepared by an independent actuarial firm. The values for year-end 1991

assets and liabilities were adjusted accordingly. There was no material

change in the amounts. The gross amount to be recovered from tolls over

the remaining life of the Treaty to retire this liability is $59.5 million in

fiscal year 1991 and $71.7 million in fiscal year 1990.

6. Interest —Bearing Investment of the United States Government.

The interest-bearing investment of the United States Government in the Panama Canal is determined based on section 1603(a) of the Act. The

interest-bearing investment of the United States Government was $120.6

million at September 30, 1991 and $133.2 million at September 30, 1990.
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 43

7. Temporary 20 Percent Surcharge.

In fiscal years 1989 to 1991 the Commission has incurred additional

costs due to the politically unstable conditions that existed in the Republic

of Panama.

The Board of Directors approved the recovery of these costs through a temporary 20 percent surcharge on linehandling and tug service. The

surcharge was terminated on February 28, 1991. Surcharge revenues of

$5.9 million and $6.5 million for fiscal years 1991 and 1990 respectively, were included in "Other revenues".

8. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.

The Commission is a defendant in certain legal actions related to personal injury, employment disputes and other matters related to the Commission's business. In the opinion of management, the settlement of

these legal actions will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Commission.

Commitments under uncompleted construction contracts and unfilled purchase orders amounted to $31.7 million at September 30, 1991 and

$34.3 miUion at September 30, 1990. Cash and negotiable securities held by United States depositories for the Commission to guarantee payment by third parties of their obligations were $14.5 million and $13.2 miUion at September 30, 1991 and 1990,

respectively.

The Treaty provides that an annual amount of up to $10.0 million per year be paid to the Republic of Panama out of operating revenues to the extent that such revenues exceed expenditures. If the operating revenues in any year do not produce a surplus sufficient to cover this payment, the unpaid balance shall be paid from operating surpluses in future years. The

balance contingently payable to the Republic of Panama amounted to $110.2 million and $101.1 million at September 30, 1991 and 1990,

respectively. However, as set forth in the Treaty and in the Act, nothing

shall be construed as obligating the United States Government to pay, after the date of the termination of the Treaty, any unpaid balance accumulated

before such date.

Chapter VI

STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics

45
46 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 1.—Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1982 through 1991

Total traffic Traffic assessed lolls on net tonnage basis

Fiscal year

I Number

of

transits Tolls

Long tons I of

cargo

I Number

of

transits

Panama I Canal net tonnage OCEANGOING COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC

1982 14,009 $323,958,366 185,452,332 13,976 202,884,207

1983 1 1,707 285,983,805 145,590,759 1 1,668 169,503,918 1984 11,230 286,677,844 140,470,818 11,199 162,335,342

1985 11,515 298,497,802 138,643,243 11,498 168,941,997 1986 11,925 321,073,748 139,945,181 11,901 182,750,830 1987 12,230 328,372,714 148,690,380 12,206 186,416,485 1988 12,234 337,866,21

1

156,482,641 12,209 191,506,903 1989 11,989 327,850,613 151,636,113 11,964 185,769,083 1990 11,941 353,725,982 157,072,979 11,904 181,604,268

1991 12,572 372,279,573 162,695,886 12,544 191,786,895 OCEANGOING U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC i

1982

1983

1984

1985 1986

1987

1988,

1989

1990,

1991

10 $ 1,546,746

125 137

12985

7869

74

91 173

1,721,925 2,388,272 2,223,938

1,553,037

1,384,125

1,361,393 1,806,539

1,707,864 2,214,170

285,451 354,873

329,607 259,524

176,853 205,701 296,140

224,121 248,442 516,130

67

7788

85

5346

46

62

6369

982.

983.

984.

985.

986.

987.

988.

989. 990,

991 ,

2,504

FREE OCEANGOING TRAFFIC ' 2

23

14

1710

135

1512 20

18

20

794,282

812,840

1,131,865

1,148,311 708,616 662,286

714,055

994,711 821,340

902,085

5,010 9,119

2,224

2,731 556

2,224

3,312

3,312

2,218 2,218 TOTAL OCEANGOING TRAFFIC

1982 14,142 $325,505,1 12 185,737,783 14,052 203,683,499

1983 11.846 287,705,730 145,948,136 11,754 170,325,877 1984 11,384 289,066,116 140,800,425 11,291 163,469,431

1 985 11 ,654 300,72 1 ,740 1 38,902,787 1

1 ,587 1 70,093,039

1 986 1 2,023 322,626,785 1 40, 1 22,034 1 1 ,955 1 83,460,002

1987 1 2,3 1

3

329,756,840 1 48,896,086 1 2,256 1 87,080,995

1988 12,318 339,227,604 156,778,781 12,261 192,224,270 1989 12,075 329,657,153 151,860,234 12,032 186,767.106

1 990 1 2,052 355,433,846 1 57,32 1 ,427 1 1 ,97

1

1 82,427,826

1991 12,763 374,493,743 163,212,016 12,617 192,691,198

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of ment

transits tonnage

43

48

49

44

32

32

23

12 28

104

90

92

93

67

68

575743

81 146

129,684

132,431

1 16,335 86,623

73,631 130,129

106,599

101,710

153,514

120,375

309,206

350,699 410,682

248,967

309,161 239,023

129,545 103,020

193,160 458,899

21,903

5,986 21,025

8,771 20,759

1,300 16,765 9,709 30,530

24,702

460,793 489,116

548,042

344,361 403,551 370,452

252,909

214,439 377,204

603,976
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 47

Fiscal vear

1982

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1989 1990

1991

1982

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1989 1990

1991

1982

1983 1984

1985 1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1982

Table 1.— Panama Canal Traffic— Fiscal Years 1982 through 1991 (Continued)

Total traffic Traffic assessed lolls on net tonnage basis

I ^lumber of

transits

Long ions I of

cargo

I Number

of

transits SMALL COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC ^ 830

810 802

793 912

852

844

997

1,017 1,079

73,228

73,887

76,921 73,710

89,577 90,829

79,805 96,158

115,180

118,675

928 669

652

468

3,704

3,282

1,422

8,311

1,497 537

826

810 800

792 904

852

842 996

1,016

1,077

Panama I Canal net tonnage

50,399 48,033

48,008 45,694

55,249

55,827 49,245

60,156

66,999

67,982

Traffic assessed tolls on displacement tonnage basis

I Number Displace- 1 of mem

transits tonnage

SMALL U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC ^

241 242

241 273 316

236

246

287

240

248

585696

46

2743

33

30

16

18

10,757 11,406

11,998 12,464

17,840 11,106

11,917 12,316

8,931 12,319

12128

15 20

25

21

13 23

12 SMALL FREE TRAFFIC 2 3

70

859

3 80

57

40

3986

32

20

26

1514

5

13

415

332 336

773 627

987

901 738

903 654

2,803

2,321 4,637

1,721

1,371

1,451

1,081 878

249

568 TOTAL PANAMA CANAL TRAFFIC

1983 12,954 1984 12,523 1985 12,766 1986 13,278 1987 13,444 1988 13,441 1989 13,389 1990 13,325

1991 14,108

15,271 $325,589,097 185,738,781 14,930 203,737,116

287,791,023

289,155,035 300,807,914

322,734,202

329,858,775 339,319,326

329,765,627 355,557,957

374,624,737

145,948,818

140,801,136

138,903,258

140,125,818

148,899,425

156,780,203 151,868,548 157,322,924

163,212,553

12,615

12,185 12,426

12,899

13,159

13,139

13,055

13,015 13,719

170.376,563 163,522,412

170,141,227 183,517,249

187,139,260

192,275,497

186,828,878 182,495,977 192,760,402

229 230

233 258

296

211 225

274

217 236

341 339

338 340

379

285

302 334

310

389

315

145 110 470

64 430

98

64

10,973 11,177

11,282

11,113

16,407 9,572

10,375

11,018 6,684

10,065

1,172 2,010

1,360

1,103 674

1,012

1,189

1.141 800

545

473,253

502,303 560,829

356.687 421,102

381.036

264,537

227,028 384.786 614,650

' Oceangoing traffic includes ships of 300 net tons and over, Panama Canal measurement, or of 500 displacement tons and

over on vessels paying tolls on displacement basis (dredges, warships, etc.).

' Free traffic includes ships of the Colombian and Panamanian Governments and ships transiting for repair by the Commission.

' Includes vessels under 300 net tons. Panama Canal measurement (or under 500 displacement tons for vessels assessed on

displacement tonnage).
48 STATISTICAL TABLES

— Ooo — — 0«tO^O^w^O^'/^

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— = -o

«
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 49

Table 3.— Canal Traffic" by Flag of Vessel—Fiscal Year 1991

Number of

Flag transits Algeria I Antigua-Barbuda 23 Argentina 8 Austria 10 Bahamas 642 Belgium 28 Bermuda 9

Brazil 30

Bulgaria 2 Canada 8 Cayman Islands 5 Chile 93 Colombia 1 27 Costa Rica 1 Cuba 100 Cyprus 680

Czechoslovakia 21 Denmark 229 Ecuador 333 Egypt 2 Faroes 1 Federal Republic of Germany .... 359 France 45 Greece 705 Honduras 38 Hong Kong 8 Hungary 1 India 37

Iran 12

Israel 66

Italy 119 Japan 522 Kuwait 4

Liberia 1,519 Luxembourg 14 Malaysia 24 Malta 123 Marshall Islands 5 Mauritius 1 Mexico 49 Morocco 17 Myanmar 58 Netherlands 303

Netherlands-Antilles II New Zealand I Nicaragua 3 Norway 747 Panama 2,080

People's Republic of China 253 Peru 108 Philippines 393 Poland 88

Portugal 5 Qatar 9 Romania 5 Saudi Arabia 5 Singapore 213 Somali Republic I South Africa 1 South Korea 1 35

Measured tonnage
50 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 3.— Canal Traffic' by Flag of Vessel —Fiscal Year 1991— Continued

Number of

Flag iransils Spain 23

Sri Lanka 34

St. Vincent & Grenadines 80 Sweden 66

Switzerland 15 Taiwan 1 76 Toga 1 Tunisia 3 Turkey 37 U.S.S.R 403

United Arab Emirates ... 6 United Kingdom 343 United States 430 Vanuatu 218 Venezuela 161 Yugoslavia 135 Zaire l_ Total 12,572

Measured

52 STATISTICAL TABLES

<N t- </^ 0^ <N ON Tt —

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f»-) — <N so \0 r~- so vo — tri oo rSO OO Ov oo

in >ri ON ro

r- r- •* r- NO m — 00 r- oomr-oo rnoo>noo m<N>no rnoofN —

or-oo<N no'^'^no

— mm O r*^ ON

r^ On <N

<r> m 00 oo o TT O^00_^ oo'fN

NO OO >n

On <N 00

<N On •<*

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(N 00 <r)

rNi r~ -"T <* <N NO —. r^ —

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— O m

oo NO r- ro r<*» f*^ r~ rn On

On >n NO

cni m — — (N

a\ — —

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rt- NO t-~ ^ m rm — <N^ irToo'

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IS

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fs NO in — m m 'S' 00

— CNi •«»• —

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o o r~ NO

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O C~- <N ^ — r- rr <n

00 NO in —

On 00 Tf t~ — u-i r»^ 00

•* 00 oo_^m —T—'m On'

oo t~- O <N

NO •>* m <n

NO NO ro —

ON — O NO r~ 00 — r- m

oo o m NO <Nmo

3;

O oo o oo

rj oo <N o m m On <N

— On oo TJtN t^ r- 00 ON CnI Tt —

— fNl NO NO

m On r~ O O 00 ^ 00

rf 00 00 m
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 53

1/^00 — — r-i/^r'l — —

<NOfN in — — ooo — — * O r- O

O <N O tT o r- r- o\

r- ro so^ <n'oCoo —

— oo vo vo — m —

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00 0\ lO

vo in r- O OO On — VO — <N

r*^ ro O ^ ""

lO W-1 <N —

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so 00

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54 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 5.— Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1991

Flag

Algeria Antigua-Barbuda

Argenlina

Austria Bahamas

Belgium Bermuda

Brazil Bulgaria Canada Cayman Islands Chile Colombia

Costa Rica Cuba

Cyprus

Czechoslovakia Denmark

Ecuador

Egypt

Faroes

Federal Republic of Germany

France

Greece Honduras Hong Kong

Hungary

India

Iran

Israel Italy Japan

Kuwait

Liberia Luxembourg

Malaysia Malta

Marshall Islands Mauritius Mexico Morocco Myanmar

Netherlands

Netherland-Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Panama

People's Republic of China. . Peru

Philippines Poland

Portugal Qatar Romania

Saudi Arabia

Singapore Somali Republic South Africa South Korea

Spain

Sri Lanka

St. Vincent & Grenadines . . . Sweden

Switzerland Taiwan Toga

Tunisia Turkey

U.S.S.R

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States

1 \um-
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 55

Table 5.— Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1991—Continued

Laden Ballast

I Num- I I Number Panama ber Panama

of Canal net of Canal net Flag transits tonnage Tolls transits tonnage Vanuatu 173 2,212,409 $ 4,446,942 45 817,725 Venezuela 136 485,159 975,170 25 89,562 Yugoslavia 122 1,570,952 3,157,614 13 111,137 Zaire [ 8,189 16,460 Total 10,319 159,234,268 $320,060,549 2,225 32.552,627 Above table involves only commercial vessels of 300 net tons or over. Panama Canal measurement.

Tolls 1,308,360 143,299

177,819

$52,084,203
56 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 57

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 59

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60 STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 61

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 63

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70 STATISTICAL TABLES

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72 STATISTICAL TABLES

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74 STATISTICAL TABLES

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76 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified i'etroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsSoybeans

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Ores and metals, miscellaneous

['etroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Kuel oil. residual Ciasoline

.let fuel Kerosene

lubricating oil i'etroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified

Total EASr COASl LIN n ED S lA I ES lO WES I COAS E CANADA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

I olal

1 AS I COAS I UNII 1 I) Si A I IS I () WES I COAS I CI NIRAE AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

(irainsCorn

Rice

Fiscal year

1990

603
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 77

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Grains—Continued Sorghum

Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassilicd

I umber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Other and unclassilicd Manufactures ol iron and steel, miscellaneous . . . . Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

I'otash

Fertilizers, unclassilicd Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsScrap Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

.let fuel Kerosene

liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Flour, wheat

(iroceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products Tallow

Container

All other and unclassified

lotal EAST COAST UNITED S I A lES TO WES I COAS I SOUIH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Fiscal year

1990

218
78 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

r EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Grains—Continued Corn

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassified

I umber and products

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, lacks and spikes

I'lates. sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Kishmeal Phosphates

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite . ; Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Iron Scrap . Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Copra and coconuts

Cotton, raw

Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Rubber, raw

Skin and hides

504
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 79

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Other agricultural commoditiesContinued

Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, coconut

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Tallow

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO BALBOA, R P. Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn

Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . . . . Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Ciasoline

.let fuel Kerosene

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable

Fiscal year 1990

74
80 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO BALBOA, R.P. Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COASr LIN n ED STATES lO OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous. . .

.

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum coke, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

GrainsCorn Sorghum

Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassified lumber and products

I'ulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . Construction machinery and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . . . Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Potash

Eertili/ers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . . . Petroleum and products Crude oil Euel oil, residual

(iasoline

.let fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Carbon black Clay, fire and china

Oil, vegetable

F*aper and paper products

Resin

1
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 81

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIAContinued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Rubber, manufactured

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods: Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) . . . . Coal Coke

(trainsCorn

Oats

Rice Sorghum

Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassilied

I, umber and products Boards and planks

i'lywood. veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassilied Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machiner\ and equipment. . . . Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . . . Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassilied Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and coils

I'lales, sheets and coils

1 ubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassilied Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Potash

""s.is
82 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA—

Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Continued

Fertili/ers. unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron Lead

Scrap

Tin, including tinpiate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds

Peas, dry

F'etroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual (iasolinc

Jet fuel Kerosene

liquefied gas

1 ubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified M iscellaneous Carbon black Cement

Clay, fire and china Hour, wheat

(irocerics, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products Porcelainware

Resin Rubber, manufactured

I allow Wax. paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified

Fiscal year 1990

lotal

322
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 83

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long Ions]

EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST UNITED

STATES—Continued

MiscellaneousContinued

All other and unclassilied Total EAST COASl CANADA lO WES I COAS 1 CEN IRAl

AMERICA:

Canned and retrigcratcd foods, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

CirainsCorn

Wheat

1, umber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures ol iron and steel Wires, bars and rods

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Beans, edible Klour. wheat

Oil. vegetable Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified

lotal EAS I COAS I CANADA lO WES I COAS 1 SOUl

H

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

(irainWheat

All other and unclassified

I umber and products

Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wires, bars and rods

All other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Potash Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Elour. wheat

Paper and paper products

49 54 17

4 2 I ^

}?, 14 8 2

5 8 2 9

4

1 JO

M)

14 6

1 1 1 J2 !i LL

I 2 2

« 2 I 9 4 5 ._^ \ 2 109 28 16

3
84 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Container cargo

All other and imclassiricd

I olal EAS7 COAST CANADA K) OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

I. umber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures ol iron and steel, miscellaneous ....

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Potash Oies and metals, miscellaneous Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total lASJCOASJ CANADA lOASIA:

Canned and relrigerated foods

Retrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

CirainsSorghum

Soybeans Wheat Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils

1 ubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Potash Ores and metals OresCopper

Manganese

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

.i
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 85

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA—Continued

Metals—Continued Copper

lead

Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified i'etroleum and products

Diesel oil Kuel oil, residual (iasoline

Jet fuel lubricating oil M iscellaneous Clay, tire and china Marble and stone Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified

1 otal

EAST COAST CEM RAl AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UMIED STAIES:

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual Miscellaneous Cement

Total

EAST COAST CENTRAl AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Eertili/ers. unclassified Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual (iasoline Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement

Container cargo

All other and unclassified

lotal

Fiscal year

1990

1

7.^
86 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10. —Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long Ions]

FAS I COASl CFN 1 RAI AMERICA lO WESl COASl

SOUIH AME RICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassilied Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures ot iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils

I ubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods

Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals Ores Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsScrap

Zinc Other agricultural commodities

Rubber, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual Gasoline

.let fuel liquefied gas Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

lextiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total FASr COASl CFN I RAI AMFRICA lO BAI BOA, R.P.:

I umber and products, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel. oil. residual

.let fuel

I otal FASI COASr CFN IRA! AMFRICA lO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 87

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA—

Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals—Continued

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

1. umber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures ol iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils

1 ubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified Metals

Iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Rubber, raw

Sugar

I'etroleum and products

[)iesel oil (iasoline

.let fuel

1 iquelied gas Miscellaneous Carbon black

Fibers, plant Resin

I exliles Container cargo

All other and unclassified

total FAS I COASr SOU I H AMI RICA K) Wl S I COAS 1 IINIII-I) SIAIFS:

Canned and refrigerated f<u)ds, miscellaneous Chenucals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous

! umber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, vcneeis, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Fiscal year 1990

2 '.
88 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel —Continued

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils

1 ubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina bauxite

Iron Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Ciasolinc

.let fuel liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified

1 otal

EASi COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CANADA:

I. umber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Manulaclures of iron and steel , Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils , lubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Miscellaneous

599
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 89

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CANADA—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Bricks and tile Cement

Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRA! AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

GrainsSoybeans

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous MetalsAluminum

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile (ilass and glassware

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin

38
90 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Miscellaneous —Continued

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total HAS I COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUl H AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

CirainsCorn

Oats

Rice Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils 1 ubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Manganese

MetalsAluminun

Iron

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Rubber, raw

Sugar

II
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 91

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas

l-ubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black Cement

Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO BALBOA, R P Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO HAWAII:

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Cement

Slag, clinkers and dross

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO OCEANIA:

Ores and metals, miscellaneous ,

Fiscal year 1990

2,080
92 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO OCEANIAContinued

Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . , Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

GrainsSorghum

Soybeans Wheat

Other and unclassified

I. umber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous . Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Kertili/ers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron

.Scrap Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 93

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIA—

Continued

Other agricultural commodities—Continued

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds Wool, raw

Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Gasoline

.let fuel Kerosene

Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone Paper and paper products

Resin

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Slag, clinkers and dross

1 extiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified

lotal WESI INDIES TO WESI COAST UNH ED STAIES:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite MetalsAluminum

Petroleum and products

Asphalt Crude oil Diesel oil KucI oil, residual (iasoline

,let fuel

I iqucficd gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassilied

I otal

Fiscal year

92

}^

26

29

4

180 no

10

}?,

II16 1,570

1990

194

6X

2597

4

45

I 62

15 2,059

12.^

27

61

.^5

IIS

I 48

I

I

60

7 ,086

6 .
94 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIESTO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . .

.

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Miscellaneous

Glass and glassware

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified

1 otal WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA;

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . .

.

Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

All other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous

I*etroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual (iasoline

.let fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil, coconut

Fiscal year

1 32

3249

49

13344

33

46

5

56

230

16 26

10

16

38

38

339

9123

170

13

II 31

5

1990

32

32

10

10 199

17 22

1518

I

26

272

6

2 63

63

2525

446

105764

16827

66

10

42

23

18 35

10 2595

19 43

30

3

15

201

53

8 45

32

32

32 363

138

13 124

14 20

54

8

I
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 95

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIES TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICAContinued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO BALBOA, R.P.: Minerals, miscellaneous Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST INDIES TO HAWAII:

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Jet fuel Total WEST INDIES TO OCEANIA:

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities Sugar

Petroleum and products

Gasoline M iscellaneous Container cargo

Total WEST INDIES TO ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds
96 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST INDIES TO ASIA—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Continued

I'hosphatcs

Kertili/crs. unclassil'icd Ores and metals OresOther and unclassified MelalsAluminum

Scrap Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans Sugar

I'etroleum and products

Diesel oil (iasoline

.let fuel lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

I iquors and vsines

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified

lotal EUROPE rO WES1 COASI UNI! ED SIATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Kruit Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified

(irainBarley Oats

I. umber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . . . Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils

F ubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 97

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments oyer Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

I 1991 EUROPE TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash—Continued

Nitrate ol soda 7 Phosphates

Potash

Ferlih/ers. unclassified 191 Ores and metals 6 Ores 5 Manganese 5 Other and unclassified Metals [ Aluminum

Iron

Tin, including tinplate I Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products 96

Asphalt

Fuel oil, residual 39 Gasoline 57

Jet fuel Other and unclassified Miscellaneous 1,915 Bricks and tile 3 Cement 426

Clay, fire and china

Glass and glassware

Ciroceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines 1 Marble and stone 5

Oil, vegetable 20 Paper and paper products 33 Rubber, manufactured

Container cargo 1 .3X5

All other and unclassified 42

Total 3.196 EUROPE TO WEST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods [2 Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods, miscellaneous 12 Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machiner\ and equipment j_[ Agricultural machinery and implements 1 Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts 10 Construction machiner\ and equipment

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel 97

Angles, shapes and sections 14 Plates, sheets and coils 60

1 ubes. pipes and fittings 7 Wire, bars and rods 12 Other and unclassified 4

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

1990

42

15
98 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CANADA—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash—Continued

Kertili/ers, unclassilicd Ores and metals

Ores, miscellanet)us MetalsAluminum

F'etrolcum and products

lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Clay, lire and china Marble and stone Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified

I otal EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk

Vegetables, canned Canned food, miscellaneous

Refrigerated food

Dairy products

Fish' Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified I'etroleum chemicals, miscellaneous drains

Barlev

Rice.' Sorghum

Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . . Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

I'lates, sheets and coils

I ubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 99

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

(Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICAContinued

Minerals, miscellaneous—Continued Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate ol soda

Potash

Kertili/ers, unclassified Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

.let fuel Liquefied gas lubricating oil Miscellaneous Cement

Kibers, plant Flour, wheat

(ilass and glassware

(iroceries. miscellaneous liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds

I allow

I extiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified

I olal

1 IIROPI lO Wl SI COASI SOU I H AMI RICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned loods

Fish Milk

Refrigerated loods Dairy products

Fish'. Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda
100 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year 1990 EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Continued

Chemicals, unclassified F'etroleum chemicals, miscellaneous drains

Barley Oats

Rice Sorghum

Wheat

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified M inerals. miscellaneous Asbestos Borax

Infusorial earth Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda Phosphates

Potash

hcrtili/crs. unclassified Ores and metals OresChrome

Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Iron

Tin. including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities M olasscs Sugar

Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Diesel oil Kuel oil. residual

69
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 101

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA

Continued

Petroleum and products—Continued

Gasoline

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

(ilass and glassware

Ciroceries, miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified

lotal FUROPE K) OCEANIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated food Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Caust ic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous drainsCorn

.Soybeans Wheat

I umber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . . . Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . . . Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils lubes, pipes and fittings
102 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.— Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO OCEANIA—Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel

Continued

Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda Phosphates

Potash

hertili/ers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores lead

Other and unclassified Metals

Iron lead

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum and products

Asphalt

1 iquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Cement

Flour, wheat

Cilass and glassware

liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total EUROPE TO ASIA: Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

13
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 103

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Paciflc— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EUROPE TO ASIA—Continued

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals —Continued

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainWheat Lumber and products

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment , Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts .

.

Construction machinery and equipment . . . .

,

Other and unclassified , Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections , Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings , Wires, bars and rods

Nitrates, phosphates and potash , Nitrate of soda , Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous Metals

Iron Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Groceries, miscellaneous Marble and stone

Oil. vegetable Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST UNITED STATES:

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous . . Ores and metals Ores Alumina bauxite ore Manganese ore Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Petroleum and products

Fiscal year 1990

159
104 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons)

AFRICA TO WEST COAST UNITED STATESContinued

Petroleum and products—Continued

Kuel oil, residual Miscellaneous Cement

Marble and stone

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total AFRICA TO WEST COASl CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Miscellaneous

Groceries, miscellaneous Container cargo

Total AFRICA TO WEST COAST CENIRAI AMERICA:

drains, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

I'hosphates

Fertilizers, unclassitied Miscellaneous Container cargo

lotal AFRICA rO WES! COAS I SOUl H AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . CirainsCorn

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified Petroleum and products

liquefied gas Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

lotal AFRICA rO OCEANIA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Fertilizers, unclassified
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 105

Table 10.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

AFRICA TO OCEANIA—Continued

Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified

1 otal AFRICA ID ASIA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Fish, refrigerated

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Ores and metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous

I'etroleum and products

CJasoline Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA (MIDDLE FASl) lO WFSI COAS I DNllED SI AIFS:

Canned and rclrigcrated foods, miscellaneous.

l*etrolcum and products

(iasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

I otal ASIA (MIDI)! 1 I ASI) lO WIS I COAS I SOUIH AMI RICA:

drains

Rice

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Phosphates

Potash

Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified

I otal

29

29

29

Fiscal year

1 1991
106 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES;

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products Board and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . . Ores and metals Metalslead Other agricultural commodities

Molasses Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual (iasolinc

.let fuel Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Liquors and wines

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified

I otal

WES I COASI UNI I ED S lA ITS lO EAS I COAS I CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals Ores Lead

Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual F'etrolcum coke

Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total

1
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 107

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Grains

Rice Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Liquefied gas , Lubricating oil , Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous Tallow , Container cargo

Total , WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods , Canned foods Milk

Refrigerated foods

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Lumber and products , Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment , Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts ... Construction machinery and equipment

Other, unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo ,

Fiscal year

'991 1990

99 240

239

I

i i

1^ i 250 I

6

6

5

1 12

10

2

io 5 10 5 ^^ 4

4

i48 i43

I I )0 77

57 65

iS 3\

y? 11

55 31

\2 ....... U

2175 [36

127

70

5 9

39 23

8 10 30 12

23

1 22

2

25

2

3 65

1
108 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Miscellaneous —Continued

All other and unclassified Total WFSI COASI UNII ED S I A I FS lO WES I INDIES:

Canned and relrigeratcd foods, miscellaneous

(irainsRice Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Kuel oil, residual Ciasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total WESr COASI UNIl ED S lA lES TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Kish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified I'etroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Coke

(irainsRice Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, corriposition board

I'ulpwood Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . .

.

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils lubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compound

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

1
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 109

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO EUROPE—

Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash—Continued

Nitrate of soda Phosphates

Ores and metals Ores Copper

Iron lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified , MetalsCopper

Lead

Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds

Peas, dry Petroleum and products

Kuei oil, residual Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Flour, wheat

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil coconut

Oil. vegetable Paper and paper products

Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO AFRICA:

Grains

Barley Rice Wheat Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compound

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals

Fiscal year 1990

23 ,
no STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal vear WEST COAST UNITED STATES TO AFRICA—

Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

Ores, miscellaneous

Metals, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Cotton, raw

Petroleum and products

Kuel oil, residual Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA 10 EASl COASl UNITED

STATES;

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds

I'etroleum and products Crude oil [)iesel oil Ciasoline Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

I'aper and paper products Container cargo

Total wEsr coAsr Canada ro fas i coasi sou ih

AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

drainsBa rley Oats Wheat

Other and unclassified

I. umber and products

Pulpwood

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium cimipounds
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 111

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CANADA TO EAST COAST SOUTH

AMERICA—Continued

Nitrates, phosphates and potash—Continued

Potash Ores and metals Ores Copper

Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Peas, dry Miscellaneous Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CANADA TO WEST INDIES: Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

I'otash

herlili/ers. unclassified Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

lotal WI SI COASI CANADA !() EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

I ish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals C"henucaK. unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excUidmg petroleum coke) Coal Coke

(iiainsBarley Wheat

Other and unclassified

! umber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous
112 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CANADA TO EUROPE—Continued

Manufactures ot iron and steel, miscellaneous . .

.

Minerals, miscellaneous Asbestos Borax

Sulfur

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Potash

Fertilizer, unclassified Ores and metals OresCopper

Iron Lead

Zinc

MetalsAluminum

Copper

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Oilseeds

Peas, dry

I'etroleum and products Petroleum coke

Miscellaneous

(iroceries. miscellaneous

Oil. vegetable Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds

I allow Container cargo

All other and unclassified

lotal WLSI COASI CANADA lO AFRICA:

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

(irainsBarley Wheat

Other and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

I'lywood. veneers, composition board

I'ulpwood Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . . . Miscellaneous

.177
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 113

Table 11. —Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CANADA TO AFRICA—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Paper and paper products

Total WEST COAST CANADA iO ASIA (MIDDLE EASl):

Lumber and products Boards and planks

I'ulpwood Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CEN IRA! AMERICA TO EASL COASI

UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Nitrates, phosphates and potash Eishmeal

Eertili/ers. unclassified Ores and metals Ores

Iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses

Skins and hides Sugar

Petroleum and products

(Jasoline Liquefied gas Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil fish Container cargo

2,369
114 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRA! AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified

(irainsCorn Sorghum

Wheat Lumber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Phosphates

Ores and metals MetalsCopper

Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Sugar

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Euel oil, residual Ciasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA;

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Dairy products

Eish Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Lumber and products, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Kishmeal Ores and metals Ores

1,839

5930

29

M2

8 334

41

40

3920

19

492

67

67

67

1312

I 43

1.575

56

56

20 833

2.3 .
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION lis

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

Ores—Continued Copper

Other and unclassified MetalsScrap

Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous .... Grains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda Ores and metals Ores

Iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Molasses

Peas, dry

Sugar, raw

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Fish

Fruit Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods

Fiscal year

1990
116 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

r WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO EUROPE—

Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Coal and coke Coke

GrainsOther and unclassified Lumber and products Boards and planks

Pulpwood

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods Ores and metals OresCopper

Lead

Zinc

MetalsCopper

Iron Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Oilseeds

Peas, dry

Sugar

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA lO AFRICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

530
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 117

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO AFRICA—

Continued

GrainsCorn Wheat Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Wires, bars and rods Other agricultural commodities

Peas, dry

Sugar

Miscellaneous

Seeds, excluding oilseeds

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA

(MIDDLE EAST):

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum and products

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified lotal WES I COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNHED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish

Fruit Vegetables, canned

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Refrigerated, miscellaneous Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, miscellaneous Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Cirains, miscellaneous Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

14
118 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued Lumber and products—Continued

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Salt Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Fertilizers, miscellaneous Ores and metals Ores Chrome

Copper

Iron Lead

Tin

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron lead

Scrap

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Molasses

Skin and hides Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline Other and unclassified

Fiscal year 1990

4
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 119

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year 1990 WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

UNITED STATES—Continued

Miscellaneous 692 701 605

Bricks and tile Fibers, plant Groceries, miscellaneous Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable

Paper and paper products

Porcelainware

Slag, clinkers and dross

Textiles Tobacco and products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CANADA:

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Nitrate of soda

Ores and metals OresCopper

MetalsCopper

Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Fuel oil, residual Miscellaneous Liquors and wines Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Lumber and products, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals Ores Copper

Lead

Tin

Zinc : Metals, miscellaneous Copper

Zinc
120 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA—Continued

Ores and metals—Continued

Metals, miscellaneous —Continued

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Coffee Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Kuel oil, residual Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Oil, fish Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOD IH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Eish

Fruit Refrigerated foods Bananas

Eish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified

CirainsSoybeans

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax

Sulfur ; Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Nitrate of soda

Fishmeal Ores and metals OresCopper

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

lead
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 121

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EAST COAST

SOUTH AMERICA—Continued

Ores and metals —Continued

Metals—Continued

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Ciasoline Liquefied gas Miscellaneous Cement

Liquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil. fish Oil. vegetable Paper and paper products

1 extiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified

1 otal WEST COAS I SOUTH AMERICA TO CRISTOBAL. R.P. Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal Ores and metals, miscellaneous Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual Ciasoline Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WESl COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WESl INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Kish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . .

.

GrainsWheat Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Fiscal year 1990

1.^
122 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

r WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST INDIES—

Continued Lumber and products—Continued

Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Nitrates, pliosphates and potash Fishmeal

Kertili/ers. unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Molasses Sugar

Petroleum and products Crude oil Diesel oil Fuel oil, residual Gasoline

Jet fuel Miscellaneous

Ciroceries, miscellaneous

Oil. vegetable Paper and paper products

I allow Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish

Fruit Vegetables, canned

Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods Bananas

Dairy products

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous GrainsCorn R ice Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous

Minerals, miscellaneous Borax
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 123

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPEContinued

Minerals, miscellaneous —Continued Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal

Nitrate of soda

Potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores Copper

Iron Lead Manganese

Tin Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Iron Lead

Scrap

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Skins and hides Wool, raw

Petroleum and products

Diesel oil Fuel oil. residual

Ciasoline Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black

Fibers, plant

(iroceries, miscellaneous

I iquors and wines Marble and stone

Oil, fish Paper and paper products

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total WEST COASr SOU! H AMERICA TO AFRICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

4
124 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table IL—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO AFRICA—

Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fish

Fruit, excluding bananas Lumber and products Boards and planks Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Ores and metals Ores

Lead

Zinc

MetalsZinc Other agricultural commodities

Coffee Sugar

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified Total WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO ASIA

(MIDDLE EAST): Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Fruit, excluding bananas

Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash Fishmeal Other agricultural commodities, miscellaneous . . .

.

Miscellaneous Paper and paper products

All other and unclassified Total HAWAII TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Other agricultural commodities

Sugar

Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods, miscellaneous

Refrigerated foods

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Fiscal year

1990

20
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 125

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—

Continued Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke)—Continued Coke

Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Wire, bars and rods

Minerals, miscellaneous Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/bauxite

Chrome

Copper

Manganese

Other and unclassified Metals

Iron Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products

Gasoline

Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Slag, clinkers and dross Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Meal

Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur Ores and metals Ores Alumina/bauxite

Chrome

Manganese

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

170
126 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long ions]

Fiscal year OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CANADA—Continued

Other agricultural commodities—Continued

Sugar

Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk

Refrigerated foods

Dairy products

Eruit, excluding bananas

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous Ores and metals Manganese ore

Ores, miscellaneous Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds Petroleum and products

lubricating oil Miscellaneous Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total OCEANIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk

Refrigerated foods

Dairy products Grains

Barley Ores and metals Ores Alumina/bauxite

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Oilseeds , Sugar

Miscellaneous Container cargo

Total OCEANIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods Milk Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods

307
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 127

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic—Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO WEST INDIES—Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued

Dairy products

Fish Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

Total OCEANIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fruit Vegetables, canned

Refrigerated foods Bananas

Dairy products

Fruit, excluding bananas Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal

Grains

Barley Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Ores and metals Ores Alumina/bauxite

Lead

Zinc Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Lead

Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Copra and coconuts

Molasses Sugar

Wool, raw

Petroleum and products

Asphalt

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Groceries, miscellaneous

Fiscal year 1990

21
128 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.— Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

OCEANIA TO EUROPE—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

Paper and paper products Tallow

Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) . . .

.

Coal Coke

Lumber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . . . Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

F'lates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Eertili/ers, unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/bauxite

Chrome

Iron Manganese

Other and unclassified MetalsAluminum

Copper

Iron

Tin, including tinplale Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible

6
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 129

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Paciflc to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST UNITED STATES—Continued

Other agricultural commodities—Continued Cocoa and cacao beans

Coffee Rubber, raw Sugar

Petroleum and products

Kuel oil, residual Gasoline

Liquefied gas

Lubricating oil Petroleum coke

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Clay, fire and china

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Rubber, manufactured

Slag, clinkers and d ross Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

ASIA TO EASl COAST CANADA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous . . Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coal Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment

Llectrical machinery and apparatus Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Other and unclassified Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Chrome

Copper

Other and unclassified Miscellaneous

Oil, vegetable Container cargo

Fiscal year

1990

5
130 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST CANADA—Continued

Miscellaneous—Continued

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petrolelum coke) Coal

Grains

Rice Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Rubber, raw

Miscellaneous

Clay, fire and china

Oil, coconut

Oil vegetable Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA:

Canned and refrigerated foods

Refrigerated foods

Kish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) Coke

Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts . .

.

Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Kertili/ers, unclassified

541
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 131

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA—

Continued

Ores and metals Ores Alumina/ bauxite Manganese

Other and unclassified Metals

Tin, including tinplate Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Cotton

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Miscellaneou-s Carbon olack

Flour, wheat

Oil, vegetable Resin Rubber, manufactured

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO CRISTOBAL, R.P.:

I. umber and products, miscellaneous Machinery and equipment

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals Metals

Iron

Tin. including tinplate Miscellaneous

(iroceries, miscellaneous

Textiles Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO WEST INDIES:

Canned and refrigerated foods Canned foods

Fish

Fruit Other and unclassified Refrigerated foods

Fish

Fiscal year

1990

117
132 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year ASIA TO WEST INDIES—Continued Canned and refrigerated foods—Continued

Refrigerated foods—Continued Meat

Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemical, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) . . .

.

Coal

GrainsCorn

Rice Soybeans

Other and unclassified

I. umber and products Boards and planks

Plywood, veneers, composition board Pulpwood

Other and unclassified Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . . . Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . .

.

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Motorcycles, bicycles and parts Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Angles, shapes and sections

Nails, tacks and spikes

Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wires, bars and rods Other and unclassified Minerals, miscellaneous Borax Soda and sodium compounds

Nitrates, phosphates and potash

Ammonium compounds

Fertilizers, unclassified Ores and metals

Ores, miscellaneous . MetalsLead

Tin, including tinplate Zinc Other and unclassified Other agricultural commodities

Beans, edible Cotton, raw

Oilseeds Rubber, raw

Petroleum and products

3

1
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 133

Table 11.—Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic— Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO WEST INDIES—Continued

Petroleum and products—Continued

Asphalt

Diesel oil Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Bricks and tile Carbon black Cement

Clay, fire and china

Fibers, plant Flour, wheat

Glass and glassware

Groceries, miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil, vegetable Paper and paper products Porcelainware

Resin Rubber, manufactured

Seeds, excluding oilseeds Textiles Wax, paraffin Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total ASIA TO EUROPE:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous..

Refrigerated foods

Fish Other and unclassified Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda

Chemicals, unclassified Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) . . .

.

Coal Machinery and equipment

Agricultural machinery and implements . .

.

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and parts Construction machinery and equipment . . . Other and unclassified Manufactures of iron and steel Plates, sheets and coils Tubes, pipes and fittings Wire, bars and rods Other and unclassified Ores and metals Ores

Iron Other and unclassified MetalsCopper

Other and unclassified

Fiscal year

1990
134 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11. —Important Commodity Shipments over Principal Trade Routes

Pacific to Atlantic —Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

ASIA TO EUROPE—Continued

Petroleum and products

Fuel oil. residual Liquefied gas Lubricating oil Miscellaneous

Oil, coconut

Oil. fish Oil. vegetable

Seeds, excluding oilseeds. Container cargo

All other and unclassified Total

h
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 135

Table 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction—Fiscal Year 1991

[Long tons]

Ailaniic Commodity to Pacific Ammonium compounds 778,161 Asbestos 28,067 Asphalt 69,506 Automobiles, trucks, and accessories 235,193 Bananas 8,091 Barley 109,988 Beans, edible 10,805 Benzene 2 1 3,643 Borax 967

Bricks and tile 13,013 Canned food products 17,884 Carbon black 81,246

Caustic soda 1,014,209 Cement 948,476 Chemicals, petroleum various 1,51 1,738 Chemicals, various 3,868,760

Clay, fire and china 708,21

1

Coal and coke (excluding petroleum coke) 4,635,573 Cocoa and cacao beans 2,294 Coffee 458 Coke, petroleum 747,790 Container cargo 11 ,628,270 Copra and coconuts Corn 14,985,104 Cotton, raw 66,65

1

Fertilizers, various 2,352,320

Fibers, plant 1 ,499 Fishmeal 1 3,250

Flour, wheat 194,007 Gasoline 1,804,491 Glass and glassware 5,066

Grains, various 399,660

Groceries, various 47,783

Infusorial earth 1 ,829

Jet fuel 819,41

1

Kerosene 1 99,644

Liquefied gas 1 ,338, 1 1

3

Liquors 2,095 Lumber and products (excluding pulpwood) .... 2,659,387 Machinery, agricultural 32,370 Machinery, construction 70,599 Machinery, electrical 21 ,080 Machinery, various 36,912 Manufactures of iron and steel 5,444,528 Metal, aluminum 502,755

Metal, copper 3,28

1

Metal, iron 193,836 Metal, lead 1,178 Metal, zinc 8,458 Metal, scrap 2,101,720

Metals, various (including tinplate) 53,272 Molasses 1 6,907

Nitrate of soda 19,817 Oats 99.400

Oil, coconut 7,574

Oil, crude 3.214,813

Oil, diesel 1 .368. 1 1

2

Oil, fish 1 ,059

Oil. lubricating 578,362

Pacific
136 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.— Principal Canal Commodities by Direction— Fiscal Year 1991 —

Continued

[Long tons] A tlanlic Pacific Commodity lo Pacific lo Atlantic Total Oil, residual fuel 2,505,505 2,036,758 4,542,263

Oil, vegetable 235,029 191,224 426,253

Oilseeds 96,646 32,614 129,260 Ore, alumina/ bauxite 162,135 1,706,232 1,868,367 Ore, copper 25,576 488,105 513,681 Ore, iron 161,273 294,727 456,000

Ore, lead 15,065 242,503 257,568

Ore, manganese 91,773 172,229 264,002

Ore, zinc 24,105 927,195 951,300

Ores, various 307,247 2,543,580 2,850,827 Paper and paper products 1,069,013 550,512 1,619,525 Peas, dry 10,983 35,521 46,504 Petroleum and products, various 390,253 37,946 428,199 Phosphates 9,209,620 338,912 9,548,532 Potash 782,569 31,974 814,543 Pulpwood 1,005,572 2,057,877 3,063,449

Refrigerated food products (excluding

bananas) 804,365 2,974,824 3,779,189 Resin 80,949 1,439 82,388 Rice 162,322 419,056 581,378 Rubber, manufactured 1 1,319 4,855 16,174 Rubber, raw 2,258 36,216 38,474

Salt 29,376 1,138,723 1,168,099 Seeds, excluding oilseeds 344 24,112 24,456

Slag, clinkers, and dross 239,718 5,414 245,132 Soda and sodium compounds 63,083 322,641 385,724 Sorghum 1,734,076 1,734,076 Soybeans 6,264,892 38,691 6,303,583 Sugar 1,640,373 2,053,143 3,693,516 Sulfur 239 2,953,596 2,953,835 Tallow 126,020 28,387 154,407

Textiles 8,484 17,712 26,196 Tobacco and manufactures 263 79 342 Toluene 279,984 14,289 294,273 Wax, paraffin 2,928 10,591 13,519 Wheat 5,828,188 2,160,983 7,989,171 Wool, raw 592 2,623 3,215

All other 789,505 490,807 1,280.312 Total 99,460,328 63,235,558 162,695.886
Other Statistics

Table 13.— Water Supply and Usage

137

MADDEN AND GATUN LAKE WATER SUPPLY:

Total runoff, Madden Lake Basin Evaporation from Madden Lake

Available for Madden Lake usage Municipal water use Madden Lake

Available for downstream usage

Total runoff, Gatun Lake (area below Madden)

2,401 2,441 Subtotal Evaporation from Gatun Lake

Available for Gatun Lake watershed usage .... MADDEN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power

Leakage

Spillway discharge

Municipal

Total Madden Lake usage GATUN LAKE WATER USAGE:

Hydroelectric power

Lockages, Gatun and Pedro Miguel

Municipal and other usages Spillway discharge Total Gatun Lake usage

Fiscal
138 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 15.— Electrical Power Generated

(Gigawatt hours) ' Fiscal year

\ 1991 1990 Generation: Gatun hydro station 63 87 Madden hydro station 185 197 Thermal generating stations 333 267 Gross generated by Panama Canal Commission 581 551 Less station service usage (14) (11) Net total generated by Panama Canal Commission 567 540 Power Purchases: Through interconnections from Panama . . .^ 3 10 Net Energy received for Wheeling 5 3 Power Sales: Through interconnections to Panama (42) (22) Net power generated and purchased for Canal area only 533 531 Other power generated by military for own use 1^ Total Canal area requirements 533 532 Power distributed to Commission's customers 510 497

Transmission and Distribution losses 23 35 Peak load (thousands of kilowatts) 85.

1

84.6 Date of peak load June 12 June 19 Canal area load factor ^ 72% 72%

' One gigawatt hour equal to I million kilowatt hours.

2 Total Canal area requirements divided by number of hours per year times peak load.

Table 16.—Fire Division Statistics

Fiscal Year 1991 Fiscal Year 1990

I Num- I I Num- I ber her of Properly of Property

fires loss fires loss Panama Canal Commission' 70 $ 17,654 47 $ 8,575 Armed Forces 2 215 613,687 229 568,795

Private (including ships) 3 •. 81 8,570,239 93 469,984 Republic of Panama » _i5^ 4,050 95 148 Total 45j_ $9,205,630 464 $1,047,502

FY 1991 FY 1990 Total calls minus fires * 6,068 5,470 Total number of calls (all types) responded to 6,519 5,934

' Figure includes $5,000.00 fire loss of transformer, situated north west of Miraflores locks. Also includes $2,800.00 fire loss of an air compressor at Pedro Miguel Locks, east side.

2 This amount includes $517,000 fire loss at BIdg. 29 (Boat House), Ft. Sherman.

3 Figure includes $6,500,000 fire loss of a fishing trawler. Also includes $2,000,000 fire loss on a cruise ship. Fire Division participated in providing assistance during the investigation of the cause of the fire.

'' Responses made to areas reverted to the Republic of Panama but responded by Commission forces, such

as grass fires, railroad fires, etc. . . The figure for FY 91 includes property loss of $3,300 due to fire on a Panama Railroad rolling stock.

5 Includes responses to all types of emergencies (ambulance and fire apparatuses).


UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

, Mimm

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