CHAPTER 8 

INDEX 

INDEX 

CHAPTER 8 

INDEX 

Air Quality

Description: 3-3 

Effects: 4-5 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-5 

Methodology for Assessing Impacts to Air Quality: 

4-6 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-8 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-9 

Mitigation: 4-13 

Cumulative Effects: 4-202 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-243 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-246 

Irreversible Effects: 4-251 

Alternatives 

Chapter 2 of the EIS is devoted to describing the 

alternatives 

Chapter 4 is devoted to analyzing the effects of the No 

Action Alternative and alternatives B, C, D, and E 

Development of Alternatives: 1-13 

Description of the Alternatives: 2-14 

Alternative A: 2-14 

Alternative B: 2-17 

Alternative C: 2-19 

Alternative D: 2-19 

Alternative E: 2-20 

Alternatives Considered but Not Further Analyzed: 2-

22 

Summary of Impacts by Alternatives: 2-40 

See also Air Quality; Soil Resources; Water Resources 

and Quality; Wetland and Riparian Areas; Fish and 

Other Aquatic Organisms; Wildlife Resources; 

Livestock; Wild Horses and Burros; Paleontological 

and Cultural Resources; Visual Resources; Wilderness 

and Special Areas; Recreation; Social and Economic 

Values; and Human Health and Safety 

American Indian and Alaska Native Cultural

Resources 

Alaska National Interest Conservation Lands 

(ANILCA) Section 810 Analysis of Subsistence 

Impacts: Appendix G

See Paleontological and Cultural Resources 

Anadromous Fish 

See Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms 

Biological Crust 

See Soil Resources 

Climate 

Description: 3-2 

Consultation and Coordination 

Chapter 5 of the EIS is devoted to consultation and 

coordination 

Description: 1-9 

Coordination and Education: 2-39 

Cumulative Effects 

Structure of the Cumulative Analysis: 4-197 

Resource Protection Measures Considered in the 

Cumulative Impacts Analysis: 4-201 

Other Information Considered: 4-202 

Cumulative Effects by Resources: 4-202 

Unavoidable Adverse Effects: 4-243 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-246 

Irreversible Effects: 4-251 

Decisions to be Made 

Decisions to be Made by Decisionmaker: 1-5 

Demographic 

See Social and Economic Values 

Economic Environment 

See Social and Economic Values 

Effects 

Comparison of Alternatives: 2-40 

How the Effects of the Alternatives Were Estimated: 

4-1 

Chapter 4 is devoted to analyzing the effects of the No 

Action Alternative and alternatives B, C, D, and E 

Environment 

Chapter 3 of the EIS is devoted to a description of the 

environment 

BLM Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides 8-1 June 2007

Final Programmatic EIS 
INDEX

Environment (cont.)

Chapter 4 of the EIS is devoted to analysis of effects 

on the environment 

European Settlement Resources 

See Paleontological and Cultural Resources 

Expenditures by the BLM 

See Social and Economic Values 

Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms 

Description: 3-31 

Special Status Species: 3-36 

Effects: 4-76 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-77 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-77 

Impacts by Treatment: 4-80 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-89 

Special Status Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms: 

4-92 

Cumulative Effects: 4-213 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-244 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-248 

Irreversible Effects: 4-252 

Fire 

Vegetation Condition and Fire Regimes: 3-28 

See Wildland Fire 

Forest and Woodland Management 

Description: 2-3 

Herbicides 

Herbicide Active Ingredients Evaluated under the 

Proposed Alternatives: 2-9 

Herbicide Modes of Action and Treatment Methods: 

2-13 

Herbicide Treatment Standard Operating Procedures: 

2-22 

Human Health and Safety 

Description: 3-71 

Effects: 4-174 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-175 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-175 

Assessment of Human Health Risks for Each 

Herbicide: 4-175 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-195 

Mitigation: 4-196 

Cumulative Effects: 4-238 

Human Health and Safety (cont.) 

Effects (cont.) 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-246 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-251 

Irreversible Effects: 4-253 

Impacts 

See Alternatives and Cumulative Effects 

Important Plant Uses and Species Used by 

American Indians and Alaska Natives 

See Paleontological and Cultural Resources 

Issues and Concerns 

Issues and Concerns: 1-12 

Issues Not Addressed: 1-13 

Land Uses and Ecoregions 

Description: 3-1 

Effects: 4-5 

Livestock 

Description: 3-44 

Effects: 4-124 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-124 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-124 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts: 4-125 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-133 

Mitigation: 4-136 

Cumulative Effects: 4-222 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-244 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-249 

Irreversible Effects: 4-252 

Mitigation 

Description: 2-40 

See also Air Quality; Soil Resources; Water Resources 

and Quality; Wetland and Riparian Areas; Fish and 

Other Aquatic Organisms; Wildlife Resources; 

Livestock; Wild Horses and Burros; Paleontological 

and Cultural Resources; Visual Resources; Wilderness 

and Special Areas; Recreation; Social and Economic 

Values; and Human Health and Safety 

Native Peoples

See Social and Economic Values; Paleontological and 

Cultural Resources; Cumulative Effects; Scoping 

Non-timber Forest Products 

Description: 3-30 

BLM Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides 8-2 June 2007

Final Programmatic EIS
INDEX 

Noxious Weeds and Other Invasive Species 

Description: 3-26 

Paleontological and Cultural Resources 

Special Precautions: 2-29 

Description: 3-45 

Effects: 4-146 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated the 

in Assessment: 4-147 

Standard Operating Procedures for Addressing 

BLM Actions on Paleontological, Cultural, and 

Subsistence Resources: 4-147 

Herbicide Impacts on Paleontological and Cultural 

Resources: 4-148 

Herbicide Impacts on Native American Health: 4-

149 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-150 

Mitigation: 4-152 

Cumulative Effects: 4-226 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-245 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-249 

Irreversible Effects: 4-252 

Public Involvement 

Public Scoping Meetings: 1-12 

Public Involvement: 5-1 

Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action 

Proposed Action: 1-3 

Purpose and Need: 1-4 

Rangeland Management 

Description: 2-3 

Recreation 

Description: 3-60 

Effects: 4-159 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-160 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-160 

Impacts by Treatment: 4-160 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-161 

Mitigation: 4-163 

Cumulative Effects: 4-233 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-246 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-250 

Irreversible Effects: 4-253 

Revenues Generated by BLM Lands 

See Social and Economic Values 

Riparian Management 

Description: 2-4, 3-18 

Rights-of-way 

Description: 3-62 

Risk from Cancer, Disease, Injuries, or Using 

Herbicides and Wildfire Control on Public Lands 

See Human Health and Safety 

Scoping 

Scope of Analysis: 1-5 

Public Involvement, Scoping, and Issues: 1-12, 5-1 

Smoke Management Policies and Regulations 

See Air Quality 

Social and Economic Values 

Description: 3-63 

Effects: 4-163 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-164 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-164 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-166 

Mitigation: 4-174 

Cumulative Effects: 4-234 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-246 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-250 

Irreversible Effects: 4-253 

Soil Compaction 

See Soil Resources 

Soil Erosion 

See Soil Resources 

Soil Resources 

Description: 3-7 

Effects: 4-13 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-13 

Factors that Influence the Fate, Transport, and 

Persistence of Herbicides in Soil: 4-14 

Impacts by Treatment: 4-15 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-21 

Mitigation: 4-24 

Cumulative Effects: 4-205 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-243 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-247 

Irreversible Effects: 4-251 

Special Precautions: 2-28 

BLM Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides 8-3 June 2007

Final Programmatic EIS 
INDEX

Special Status Species 

Special Precautions: 2-28 

See Fish and Other Aquatic Resources 

See Vegetation 

See Wildlife Resources 

Species 

Common and Scientific Names of Species: 

Appendix A

Special Status Species List: Appendix J 

Statues, Regulations, and Policies 

Laws, Policies, and Regulations that Influence 

Vegetation Treatments: 1-6 

Stipulations and Required Operating Procedures 

Herbicide Treatment Standard Operating Procedures: 

2-22 

Monitoring: 2-35 

See also Air Quality; Soil Resources; Water Resources 

and Quality; Wetland and Riparian Areas; Fish and 

Other Aquatic Organisms; Wildlife Resources; 

Livestock; Wild Horses and Burros; Paleontological 

and Cultural Resources; Visual Resources; Wilderness 

and Special Areas; Recreation; Social and Economic 

Values; and Human Health and Safety 

Threatened and Endangered Species 

Consultation: Chapter 5 

List of Special Status Species: Appendix J 

Topography, Geology, Minerals, Oil, and Gas 

Description: 3-6 

Vegetation 

Planning and Management: 2-5 

Treatment Acreages: 2-31 

Monitoring: 2-35 

Description: 3-19 

Special Status Species: 3-31 

Effects: 4-44 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-44 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-44 

Impacts by Treatments: 4-47 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-64 

Mitigation: 4-71 

Special Status Plant Species: 4-71 

Cumulative Effects: 4-211 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-244 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-248 

Irreversible Effects: 4-252 

Vegetation Condition and Fire Regimes 

Description: 3-28 

Visual Resources 

Description: 3-58 

Effects: 4-152 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-153 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-153 

Impacts by Treatment: 4-154 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-154 

Mitigation: 4-154 

Cumulative Effects: 4-229 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-245 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-250 

Irreversible Effects: 4-253 

Water Resources and Quality 

Water Resources Description: 3-11 

Water Quality Description: 3-15 

Effects: 4-24 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-22 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-24 

Impacts by Treatment: 4-24 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-34 

Mitigation: 4-36 

Cumulative Effects: 4-206 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-243 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-247 

Irreversible Effects: 4-251 

Wetlands and Riparian Areas 

Description: 3-18 

Effects: 4-36 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-37 

Factors that Influence the Fate, Transport, and 

Persistence of Herbicides in Wetlands and Riparian 

Areas: 4-37 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts: 4-37 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-41 

Mitigation: 4-44 

Cumulative Effects: 4-209 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-243 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-247 

Irreversible Effects: 4-251 

BLM Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides 8-4 June 2007

Final Programmatic EIS
INDEX 

Wild Horses and Burros 

Description: 3-45 

Effects: 4-136 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-137 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-137 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts: 4-137 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-143 

Mitigation: 4-146 

Cumulative Effects: 4-223 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-244 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-249 

Irreversible Effects: 4-252 

Wilderness and Special Areas 

Special Precautions: 2-29 

Description: 3-58 

Effects: 4-155 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Addressed in 

the Assessment: 4-156 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-156 

Impacts by Treatment: 4-156 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-157 

Mitigation: 4-159 

Cumulative Effects: 4-230 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-245 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-250 

Irreversible Effects: 4-253 

See also Recreation Resources

See also Visual Resources 

Wildland Fire 

Wildland Fire Management: 2-2 

Wildlife and Fisheries Management 

Description: 2-4 

Wildlife Resources 

Description: 3-36 

Special Status Species: 3-44 

Effects: 4-96 

Scoping Comments and Other Issues Evaluated in 

the Assessment: 4-98 

Standard Operating Procedures: 4-98 

Summary of Herbicide Impacts: 4-101 

Impacts of Herbicide Treatments on Wildlife and 

Habitat by Ecoregion: 4-109 

Impacts by Alternative: 4-114 

Mitigation: 4-118 

Special Status Wildlife Species: 4-118 

Cumulative Effects: 4-216 

Unavoidable Effects: 4-244 

Short and Long Term Effects: 4-248 

Irreversible Effects: 4-252 

BLM Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides 8-5 June 2007

Final Programmatic EIS