2015 YEAR END REPORT

Preparing the Workforce for the Changing 

Security Environment

Center for Development 

of Security Excellence

LEARN. 

PERFORM. 

PROTECT.
2 Center for Development of Security Excellence

A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR

James Kren

Acting Director, DSS

Sincerely,

Continuity. Flexibility. Ingenuity. 

Since its establishment in 2010, the Center for 

Development of Security Excellence (CDSE) has 

exemplified these principles in the face of everchanging security and operational environments. 

Budget constraints persist while insider threat 

and cybersecurity challenges grow, which create 

challenges for the Department of Defense (DoD) and 

threaten our national security. To combat these, CDSE 

has made more content accessible on a persistent 

platform available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 

demonstrating flexibility by adapting to the changing 

paradigm of information delivery and leveraging 

current and emergent technology. As a result, 

CDSE continues to meet the increasing demands 

for security training, education, and certification by 

transcending time and location.

CDSE remains at the forefront of preparing the 

workforce for the changing security environment 

with its security education, training, and certification 

programs. I am extremely proud of the results we 

have achieved this past year. 
www.cdse.edu 3

Kevin J. Jones

Director, CDSE

Sincerely,

CDSE is proud to highlight the strides we made in 

fiscal year 2015 (FY15) through our sixth Year End 

Report. In our effort to ensure a prepared and ready 

workforce capable of addressing security needs and 

requirements, we have:

• Made more of our content available on a 

persistent platform;

• Proactively responded to the changing security 

environment and policy; and

• Positioned ourselves to quickly address emerging 

issues and provide up-to-date information to the 

security community. 

CDSE is committed to supporting DoD’s security 

personnel, and constant collaboration with the 

community is integral to this effort. In this year’s 

edition, you will see many examples of this year’s 

accomplishments, including releasing 43 new online 

products; developing a risk management framework 

for the cyber community, gaining accreditation of 

another Security Professional Education Development 

certification, American Council on Education credit 

recommendations for courses, and much more.

We hope you will find this report informative and see 

our dedication to preparing the security workforce for 

the constantly changing environment. 

A MESSAGE FROM THE CDSE FRONT OFFICE

Denise D. Humphrey

Deputy Director, CDSE
4 Center for Development of Security Excellence

Provide the DoD with a security 

center of excellence for the 

professionalization of the security 

community and be the premier 

provider of security education, 

training, and certification for the 

DoD and industry under the National 

Industrial Security Program (NISP). The 

CDSE provides development, delivery, 

and exchange of security knowledge 

to ensure a high-performing 

workforce capable of addressing our 

Nation’s security challenges.

To be the premier provider and center 

of excellence for security education, 

training, and certification for the DoD 

and industry under the NISP.

VISION

MISSION Center for Development 

of Security Excellence

Center for Development 

of Security Excellence
www.cdse.edu 5

CONTENTS

A Message from the Director 2

A Message from the CDSE Front Office 3

New Offerings 6

Training Products 6

New Risk Management Framework 

Curriculum

7

Special Programs Security Certification 7

DoD Security Conference 8

Accreditation Results 10

American Council on Education 10

National Commission for Certifying Agencies 10

Positioning for Success 11

Security Solutions for Emerging Issues 12

Protecting Your Identity Toolkit 12

Federal Investigative Standards Overview 12

Unauthorized Disclosure Course 12

Industrial Security Representative Training 13

Risk Management Course Redesign 13

Certification Support 14

SPēD Certification Maintenance 

and Renewal 14

International Impact 15

EUCOM Support 15

Mobile Training Team 15

International Visits 15

Awards 16

DoD Counterintelligence Award 16

Omni 17

Horizon 17
6 Center for Development of Security Excellence

TRAINING PRODUCTS 

CDSE continually provides courses and products to 

keep up to date with changing policies and security 

environments. In FY15, CDSE released:

3 NEW VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

• Technical Implementation of Certification 

and Accreditation (C&A) - Configuration to 

DSS Standards Virtual Environment - Red Hat 

Enterprise Linux 6

• Technical Implementation of Certification and 

Accreditation (C&A) - Configuration to DSS 

Standards Virtual Environment - Windows XP

• Technical Implementation of Certification and 

Accreditation (C&A) - Configuration to DSS 

Standards Virtual Environment - Windows 7

15 NEW CDSE WEBINARS

• Best Practices and Vulnerabilities for Privileged 

Accounts

• Counter-Proliferations

• Cybersecurity Awareness Update Webcast (June, 

July, August, September)

• Cyber-Enabled Threats to Cleared Industry

• Information Security Continuous Monitoring

• Insider Threat for DoD Professionals 

• JPAS Facts 

• NISP C&A Process and OBMS

• Targeting U.S. Contractors Overseas 

• Top 20 Critical Security Controls 

• Trusted Download

• Unclassified Trends

4 NEW TOOLKITS

• Counterintelligence Awareness 

• Insider Threat 

• Personnel Security 

• SAP Toolkit

NEW OFFERINGS

12 NEW COURSES

• Acquisition & Contracting in the NISP

• Counterintelligence Awareness & Security Brief

• Industrial Security Basics

• Industrial Security Databases and Systems 

• Introduction to DoD Foreign Disclosure 

• Introduction to the Vulnerability Assessment

• JCAVS User Level 7 & 8

• JCAVS User Level 10

• Managing Risk through Industrial Security (MRIS)

• NISP Oversight Course (NISPOC)

• Risk Management Framework (Steps 1–6)

• Unauthorized Disclosure of Classified Information 

for DoD and Industry

9 NEW SECURITY SHORTS

• Data Spills

• Foreign Ownership, Control, or Influence (FOCI)

• Industrial Security for Senior Management 

• International Visit Requests

• Marking Syntax

• National Interest Determinations (NID) Process 

• Procedures for Transporting Special Access 

Program (SAP) Material 

• The Revised Federal Investigative Standards 

• Trusted Download
NEW OFFERINGS

NEW RISK MANAGEMENT 

FRAMEWORK CURRICULUM 

When the Risk Management Framework (RMF) 

training requirement replaced the DoD Information 

Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process 

(DIACAP) as the official Certification and Accreditation 

(C&A) vehicle, CDSE developed the “Risk Management 

Framework” curriculum for DoD security practitioners. 

Accordingly, the RMF Curriculum provides support 

to utilize the system, allowing more information 

sharing and efficiency across federal entities. This 

new curriculum provides DoD security personnel and 

industry within the NISP a breakdown of the six RMF 

steps into six separate modules. RMF is required for 

all new C&A efforts throughout the DoD and seeks to 

benefit all individuals with C&A responsibilities.

SPēD’S NEW SPECIAL PROGRAM 

SECURITY CERTIFICATION 

The Security Professional Education Development’s 

(SPēD) new Special Program Security Certification 

(SPSC) was released on February 2, 2015. SPSC 

provides the recognition and official record of an 

individual’s demonstrated understanding and 

application of the successful development and 

execution of a Special Access Program to create 

and maintain a secure environment. The Security 

Fundamentals Professional Certification (SFPC) is a 

prerequisite for this certification.

SPēD certification assessments are available to 

security professionals worldwide. There 

are over 1,000 testing centers available, 

including 149 testing locations at DoD 

bases in the United States and abroad.

www.cdse.edu 7

www.cdse.edu 9

The DoD Security Conference is another way CDSE 

supports the community by facilitating the exchange 

of information and preparing the workforce for the 

changing security environment. This year’s event was 

held in Orlando, Florida the week of September 16–

18, 2015. Approximately 300 DoD personnel attended 

and over 700 personnel participated virtually from 

across the Federal Government, logging in from as far 

away as South Korea, Japan, and Rwanda. 

The theme, “Combating National Security Challenges,” 

demonstrated this effort by discussing updated 

policy changes, emerging issues, and initiatives to 

address them. Some specific topics in the 51 sessions 

addressed by the 43 speakers included: 

• Policy updates and initiatives of interest from 

the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for 

Intelligence Security Policy and Oversight Division

• DoD Insider Threat Management and 

Analysis Center

• Monitoring and Mitigating Insider Threat to 

Information Technology Systems

• Information Technology Systems used by Security 

Professionals – JPAS, CATS, DISS

• Controlled Unclassified Information 

• SPēD Certification Maintenance

• CDSE Advanced Graduate Level Education

The keynote speaker, Daniel Payne from the Office 

of the Director of National Intelligence, National 

Counterintelligence and Security Center, closed the 

conference by inspiring and encouraging security 

professionals to continue taking up the charge of 

combating national security challenges.

In addition to the virtual sessions, CDSE developed 

a conference mobile application, which participants 

downloaded close to 300 times. This application 

supplied the most up-to-date conference information 

and allowed participants to create their own 

schedules, take notes, download conference 

presentations, and send messages to other 

conference attendees.

Given the overwhelming success of the event, CDSE 

intends to host the next conference in 2017. Plans are 

underway for a virtual conference in July 2016.

DOD SECURITY CONFERENCE
10 Center for Development of Security Excellence

ACCREDITATION RESULTS

ACCREDITATION

AMERICAN COUNCIL 

ON EDUCATION

CDSE continued to add value 

to its education and training program offerings in 

FY15, with both new and renewed American Council 

on Education (ACE) CREDIT recommendations for 

11 CDSE course offerings. With tuition-free and 

accredited education and training, CDSE enables 

students to earn college credit as they support the 

security workforce at all levels.

ACE evaluated one course for the first time and 

re-evaluated six education and four training courses 

and curricula. The new Risk Management Project 

and Advanced Studies (ED 603) course was reviewed 

and earned graduate credit recommendations. The 

other six education courses ACE reviewed retained 

their Graduate Degree category recommendations, 

two training courses retained their Baccalaureate/

Associate Degree category recommendations. 

Additionally, ACE recommended that the Special 

Access Programs Mid-Level Security Management 

course advance to the Graduate Degree category. 

In addition to ACE CREDIT recommendations, CDSE 

successfully laid the groundwork for obtaining 

degree-granting authority. CDSE collaborated with 

the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for 

Intelligence (OUSD(I)) Human Capital Management 

Office and the Security Policy & Oversight Division 

to establish the need for a graduate degree program 

and define the accreditation pathway for obtaining 

degree-granting authority. Adding a graduate degree 

program will complement existing training education 

certificate programs, and professional certifications 

currently offered by CDSE.

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR 

CERTIFYING AGENCIES

SPēD’s Security Program Integration Professional 

Certification Accredited

On February 26, 2015, the SPēD 

Certification Program’s DoD Security 

Program Integration Professional 

Certification (SPIPC) became the third federal 

government professional certification program 

to obtain national-level accreditation from the 

National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). 

The application package included statements 

and evidence to support compliance with NCCA’s 

comprehensive standards and covered all aspects 

of the SPIPC program, including administration, 

assessment development, and recertification. 

Certification provides a portable credential across 

the DoD, addresses Intelligence Community 

competencies, promotes interoperability, and 

provides a clear pathway to career success. 

NCCA accreditation places the SFPC, SAPPC, and 

now SPIPC programs on par with other professional 

and vocational organizations. Accreditation 

publicly confirms each certification program meets 

comprehensive quality standards and certificants are 

prepared for success in their security careers.
www.cdse.edu 11

POSITIONING FOR SUCCESS

CDSE’s education, training, and certifications are not 

just for those who want to expand their knowledge 

and skills in their current positions. Our offerings 

also prepare students for positions of greater 

responsibility within their agencies or organizations. 

In FY15, Ms. Valerie Lucier-Diaz, a CDSE student, 

credited completing CDSE education and training 

courses and earning certifications as factors leading 

to her promotion as a Supervisory Security Specialist 

at Fort Benning, Georgia. 

Lucier-Diaz stated CDSE courses helped her “see and 

consider other perspectives as a supervisor.” LucierDiaz has held security positions in government, 

industry, and the military. A security professional 

since 2002, Lucier-Diaz’s initial interest in CDSE came 

from the desire to advance into a leadership role 

within her organization. She has taken numerous 

CDSE education and training courses and achieved 

multiple certifications, earning her Bachelor’s and 

Master’s Degrees in Business Administration along 

the way. Her efforts toward promotion opportunities 

were rewarded when she was offered and accepted a 

supervisory position.

Lucier-Diaz said she was able to achieve her 

leadership position in part due to her 24/7 access to 

CDSE products and programs. No matter where she 

was located or how strenuous her job, she was able to 

further her knowledge while rising through the ranks. 

She completed numerous online and instructor-led 

CDSE courses that prepared her for positions such as 

a Defense Security Service (DSS) Industrial Security 

Specialist and an industry Facility Security Officer. 

Her training and work experience enabled her 

to receive four Security Professional Education 

Development (SPēD) certifications, conferred by the 

Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USD(I)). 

Her certifications include the Security Fundamentals 

Professional Certification (SFPC), Security Asset 

Protection Professional Certification (SAPPC), 

Industrial Security Oversight Certification (ISOC), and 

Physical Security Certification (PSC).

In April 2015, Lucier-Diaz also received a CDSE 

“Certificate in Security Leadership” after successfully 

passing four graduate-level courses. She expects 

to complete the required courses for the CDSE 

“Certificate in Security Management” in Spring 

2016. By completing these and other CDSE courses, 

she earned college credit recommendations, 

professional development units, and continuing 

education units applicable toward additional college 

degrees, certification maintenance requirements, 

and individual development plans. Her supervisor 

described her as an extremely hard worker and his 

most trusted advisor, a result of her commitment to 

CDSE education, training, and certification.

Valerie Lucier-Diaz, Supervisory Security Specialist, Directorate 

of Plans, Training, Mobilization, and Security, Security Division, 

Fort Benning, GA
12 Center for Development of Security Excellence

SECURITY SOLUTIONS FOR EMERGING ISSUES

PROTECTING YOUR IDENTITY TOOLKIT

CDSE recognized a need to quickly and effectively 

disseminate information after the Office of Personnel 

Management (OPM) data breach. Based on CDSE’s 

past success with toolkits, CDSE worked with USD(I )

SPOD to develop the “Protecting Your Identity” toolkit. 

This toolkit provides a central repository of current 

information to assist the over four million affected 

DoD personnel, contractors, and their families, with 

information regarding resources that determines 

who was affected, how they were affected, and steps 

to prevent identity and credit theft.

UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE COURSE 

CDSE designed a course to refresh students’ 

understanding of the importance of preventing and 

reporting unauthorized disclosure (UD) of classified 

information and controlled unclassified information 

(CUI), specifically underscoring the importance 

of UD when it comes to CUI. The target audience 

includes DoD military, civilian, and contractor 

personnel. UD training became mandatory for DoD 

security personnel per DoDM 5200.01 Volume 3, 

DoD Information Security Program: Protections of 

Classified Information, and CDSE’s Unauthorized 

Disclosure Course is now leveraged for that purpose. 

As a result, CDSE has been named as a major provider 

for UD training and education.

FEDERAL INVESTIGATIVE 

STANDARDS OVERVIEW 

Per Executive 

Order 1347, an 

interagency 

working group 

revised the Federal 

Investigative 

Standards (FIS) to align national security and 

suitability investigations to the greatest extent 

possible. These revised standards were approved 

and signed by the Security Executive Agent, the 

Director of National Intelligence (DNI), and the 

Suitability Executive Agent for the Office of Personnel 

Management (OPM) in December 2012. The 

interagency working group also developed a phased 

implementation plan, approved and signed by DNI 

and OPM in April 2014.

In response to these updated standards and 

implementation plan, CDSE developed new FIS 

resources satisfying the National Training Standards 

FIS training requirement for adjudicators. These 

resources include: 

• The Revised Federal Investigative Standards (FIS) 

Short, which provides a high-level overview of the 

new five-tiered investigation process.

• The Federal Investigative Standards (FIS) Job Aid, 

developed and incorporated into CDSE Personnel 

Security instructor-led courses. The For Official 

Use Only (FOUO) job aid identifies the five tiers, 

lists the investigative elements required for each 

tiered investigation, and provides implementation 

timelines.

• The FOUO Revised Federal Investigative Standards 

(FIS) Webcast, an approximately 20-minute 

webinar providing training on the revised FIS, 

including its history, applicable regulations, 

tiered investigations, investigative elements, and 

implementation. 
www.cdse.edu 13

SECURITY SOLUTIONS FOR EMERGING ISSUES

INDUSTRIAL SECURITY 

REPRESENTATIVE TRAINING

In FY15, CDSE created the first-ever three-tiered 

Industrial Security Representative (IS Rep) training 

program focused on risk management, delivering 

DSS mission-critical training to over 250 IS Reps. This 

comprehensive program consists of three courses that 

provide progressive training to promote professional 

growth and focuses on creating collaborative 

learning, critical thinking, standardization, and 

consistency, thus enhancing the competency of all 

IS Reps.

RISK MANAGEMENT COURSE REDESIGN 

During FY15, CDSE designed, developed, and 

presented the Risk Management Project and 

Advanced Studies (ED 603) course. This 16-week 

graduate equivalent course replaces Challenges 

in Analyzing and Managing Risk (ED 602), which 

required students to travel to Linthicum, Maryland at 

the beginning of the semester and return at the end 

of the semester to present their projects. Although 

there were advantages to having students in a faceto-face classroom environment, those advantages 

were outweighed by the travel expense and time 

commitment required. 

By contrast, ED 603 covers the same subject matter 

and is delivered 100% online, thereby removing the 

travel requirement. DoD, other U.S. government 

civilian employees, and U.S. military service members 

participate in the course from locations worldwide 

while interacting and collaborating with other 

students and the subject matter expert instructor. 

Offering this course in this format completes an entire 

virtual instructor-led advanced graduate 

equivalent program.

During FY15, CDSE students earned 32 Education 

Certificates; eight CDSE students earned the CDSE 

Education Certificate in Risk Management. 

COURSE 1

COURSE 2

COURSE 3

MAINTENANCE

NISP Oversight 

Course

Applying Industrial 

Security Concept

Managing Risk in 

Industrial Security

ASSET

THREAT

IMPACT OF 

UNDESIRABLE EVENT

LIKELIHOOD OF 

UNDESIRABLE EVENT

RISK

VULNERABILITY
14 Center for Development of Security Excellence

CERTIFICATION SUPPORT

SPēD CERTIFICATION MAINTENANCE 

AND RENEWAL

Fiscal year 2015 marked the first complete SPēD 

Certification Maintenance and Renewal cycle since 

the certification program’s inception. Many changes 

have taken place to streamline the certification 

maintenance process, including establishing a static 

certification expiration date and moving to a single 

Certification Renewal Form (CRF).

For multiple certification owners, a static certification 

expiration date, based on when the first certification 

was achieved, made it easier to understand 

certification expiration dates by when owners needed 

to earn 100 Professional Development Units (PDU) 

to maintain an active certification. Implementing the 

single CRF further simplified the once arduous task of 

documenting PDUs.

In addition to these changes, the Certification 

Maintenance and Renewal Program team 

collaborated with DoD Components and Agencies 

to ensure expiring certificate holders were equipped 

with information to guide them through the updated 

maintenance procedures. This was communicated 

through a series of phone calls, webinars, user guides, 

checklists, and other resources.

Over the lifetime of the Certification Maintenance and 

Renewal Program, and as a result of these changes 

and efforts, certification holders recorded more than 

124,000 PDUs, averaging 140 PDUs submitted 

per participant. 
www.cdse.edu 15

INTERNATIONAL IMPACT

EUCOM SUPPORT

CDSE sent a mobile training team (MTT) to Stuttgart, 

Germany in April 2015 to present the Information 

Security Management (ISM) course to 34 students. 

This MTT was cohosted by European Command 

(EUCOM) and Africa Command (AFRICOM). The 

ISM course was well received by both students and 

cohosts, and the Chief, EUCOM Security Support 

Division stressed the importance of professional 

security training at all levels of leadership. 

MOBILE TRAINING TEAM

CDSE has seen an increase of requests for mobile 

iterations of its training and education offerings over 

the past year. CDSE has risen to the task and supplied 

more mobile courses to security professionals around 

the world, from Special Access Programs (SAP) 

training to The Getting Started Seminar for Facility 

Security Officers (FSOs). CDSE’s mobile offerings are 

sponsored by a local host with a concentration of 

local personnel who require the requested training.

The SAP team traveled to Rome, Italy during FY15 

to deliver the Introduction to SAP Course to the 

Italian government’s 13 Navy and Air Force military 

members. All 13 students passed the course with an 

80% or higher. As a result of the successful training, 

the Italian government anticipates periodically 

sending future students to the in-house training 

and is seeking collaboration with CDSE to provide 

a refresher SAP course to its military members on a 

biennial basis.

INTERNATIONAL VISITS

CDSE also supports the global security community 

by sharing its story. Increasingly, CDSE is sought 

after by foreign delegations to establish their own 

security education and training programs. In FY15, 

delegations from Brunei, Singapore, and Taiwan, 

accompanied by representatives from the Under 

Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)), International 

Security Directorate, visited CDSE in Linthicum, 

Maryland, where they learned about CDSE’s evolution, 

curricula development and maintenance, product 

and service offerings, and how it addresses emerging 

issues.

Photos from Rome Italy: 

The Colosseum and St. Peters Square.
16 Center for Development of Security Excellence

AWARDS

DOD COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AWARD counterintelligence (CI) and security professionals 

in developing and refining their substantive and 

tradecraft skills, competencies, and expertise. 

In 2015, CDSE received the Defense Intelligence 

Agency (DIA) DoD Counterintelligence Award for CI 

Training and Education Team Award for the CDSE 

CI Curriculum Program. CDSE collaborated with the 

DSS CI Directorate to develop three new CI eLearning 

courses for FSOs, added five hours of CI training to 

the FSO Getting Started seminars, revised CI training 

for DSS employees, and offered instructor-led 

training for CI Awareness and threat information in 

several disciplines. 

The significant increase of reporting suspicious 

activities targeting U.S. technologies is a sound 

measure of the effectiveness of CDSE CI Awareness 

training. This year’s DIA Award was the seventh 

such award received from either DIA or the National 

Counterintelligence and Security Center over the 

past five years, a convincing testament to 

CDSE as a training center of excellence 

in support of the Intelligence 

Community, DoD, and industry 

under the National Industrial 

Security Program (NISP).

Each year, the Intelligence Community (IC) recognizes 

individuals and organizations for their education 

and training efforts to ensure the IC community 

fosters a cadre of future CI and Security experts and 

leaders These awards recognize effective learning 

programs strategically designed to assist 
www.cdse.edu 17

Five CDSE products won multiple Omni and Horizon Awards this year.

The Omni Awards recognize 

outstanding media productions 

that engage, empower, and 

enlighten. Awards are given in 

the fields of Film & Video, Animation & Effects, and 

Website Design.

The Horizon 

Interactive Awards 

is a prestigious 

international competition recognizing outstanding 

achievement among interactive media producers. 

The competition recognizes and awards the best 

websites, videos, online advertising, print media, and 

mobile applications.

Active Shooter 

Awareness

Antiterrorism Officer 

(ATO) Level II

Derivative Classification 

Refresher

Protecting Your 

Facility’s Technology

Horizon, Silver Horizon, Bronze

Training, ELearning

Horizon, Silver

Training, ELearning

Horizon, Silver

Training, ELearning

Omni, Bronze 

Education

Omni, Bronze 

Education

Omni, Bronze 

Education

Omni, Bronze 

Government

Omni, Bronze 

Government

Omni, Bronze 

Government

SAP Mid-Level Physical 

Security Simulation

Security Specialist 

Course Transmission and 

Transportation Practical 

Exercise

The Relationship 

between 

Counterintelligence and 

Security

Unauthorized 

Disclosure of Classified 

Info for DoD and 

Industry

Horizon, Silver

Education

Horizon, Silver

Education

Horizon, Silver

Training, ELearning

Horizon, Silver

Training, ELearning

Omni, Silver 

Government

Omni, Silver 

Government
1

16,787

86,267

COMPLETE SPēD 

CERTIFICATION MAINTENANCE CYCLE

JOB AID 

VIEWS

VISITS TO SECURITY SHORTS

BY THE NUMBERS

CERTIFICATIONS WITH 

NATIONAL-LEVEL 

ACCREDITATION EDUCATION COURSE 3 31

COMPLETIONS

255

4,944

CDSE COURSES WITH 

ACE CREDIT 

RECOMMENDATIONS

TOTAL SPēD CONFERRALS

105,776

784,677

3,523,320

PDUs EARNED

OVERALL WEBSITE VISITS

VISITS TO TOOLKITS

324,196

COURSE COMPLETIONS
The editorial content of this publication was prepared, edited, and approved by the Director, Center for 

Development of Security Excellence. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the 

Department of Defense. To comment, contact CDSE at (410) 689-1300 or email cdse@dss.mil.
www.cdse.edu Center for Development of Security Excellence 

938 Elkridge Landing Road, Linthicum, MD 21090