MP5333.104 Protests to GAO

Revised: June 2023

(a) General

(1) The Department of the Air Force response to a GAO bid protest must comply with GAO’s Bid

Protest Regulations (4 CFR Part 21) and Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 33.104 as

supplemented. For guidance on responding to unclassified protests, follow the Air Force Commercial

Litigation Field Support Center Protest Guide. For guidance on responding to classified protests,

follow the Administrative Guide for Processing Classified GAO Protests. Both documents are also

available from AF.JAQC.AFLOA.Workflow.Org@us.af.mil.

(2) SAF/AQC serves as the notification point with the GAO for all protests.

Phone: (571) 256-7077, DSN 260-7077

E-mail: SAF.AQ.SAF-AQC.Workflow@us.af.mil

(3) The Air Force Commercial Litigation Field Support Center (AF/JACQ) represents the Air Force on

all protests.

Phone: (240) 612-6661, DSN 612-6661

E-mail: AF.JAQC.AFLOA.Workflow.Org@us.af.mil

(4) The contracting officer must send any communication to the GAO through AF/JACQ with a

courtesy copy to SAF/AQC and to the SCO focal point. Forward any inquiry received from an

attorney representing a protestor or interested party to AF/JACQ.

(5) The focal point is designated by the SCO who receives communication from SAF/AQC or AF/JACQ

concerning protests against Department of the Air Force solicitations or awards.

(6) The supporting legal office is the office that provides legal support to the contracting activity that

received the protest. An attorney from the supporting legal office will draft the memorandum of law,

and otherwise support the defense of the protest. AF/JAQ will provide protest guidance to the

supporting legal office.

(b) Actions upon Receipt of Protest

(1) SAF/AQC will notify the contracting activity when a protest has been filed with the GAO. The

contracting activity must immediately notify its supporting legal office/local attorney who provides

contract law advice.

(2) The contracting officer must, within one business day of receiving the protest:

(i) Forward a copy of the protest to its supporting legal office/local attorney who provides contract

law advice.

(ii) Provide a copy of the protest (or a redacted copy if the protest is designated as containing

protected material) to the awardee, or if no award has been made, to all offerors who appear to have

a reasonable prospect of receiving award. If no redacted copy of a protected protest was received,
so advise AF/JACQ who will raise the issue with the protester.

(iii) Advise AF/JACQ, SAF/AQC, and the cognizant HCA Workflow (if HCA is other than DAS(C) or

ADAS(C)) as to all actions being taken regarding a stay of performance and any override of the stay

to include:

(A) A discussion of whether a stay of performance or award is required IAW 31 U.S.C. 3553.

(B) If a stay is required IAW FAR 33.104(b) or (c), whether an override will be sought to lift the stay.

(See paragraph (f).)

(C) If a stay is not required, discuss whether a suspension of performance or termination of the

contract is in the best interest of the Department of the Air Force.

(iv) Send an email to AF/JACQ with the name, phone number, and e-mail address of the contracting

officer and the local attorney.

(3) The contracting officer is responsible for generating the contracting officer’s statement of facts.

Within ten days after the Department of the Air Force receives the protest, provide the draft

statement of facts and table of contents to its supporting legal office/local attorney who provides

contract law advice.

(4) The supporting legal office/local attorney is responsible for preparing the initial memorandum of

law, which will include a legal analysis of each ground of protest.

(5) The contracting officer must e-mail drafts of the initial memorandum of law, statement of facts,

and table of contents (including a listing of any requested documents deemed irrelevant) to AF/JACQ

(copying the focal point) as soon as practicable, but not later than 15 days after the Department of

the Air Force is notified of the protest (or seven days from the date the express option is invoked by

the GAO).

(c) Hearings

(i) If GAO calls for a hearing, the contracting activity must provide the requested witnesses and

other support required by AF/JACQ. The contracting activity is responsible for funding witness travel

and TDY costs.

(ii) At the request of the GAO through AF/JACQ or at the request of AF/JACQ, the contracting activity

must obtain and fund court reporter services to transcribe the hearing. The cost of court reporter

services is typically shared between the contracting activity, the protester, and the intervener.

(d) Resolving the Protest

(1) GAO Decision. If the protest goes to a written decision, the GAO will issue the decision within

100 days of the filing of the original protest. A protest decision involving protected information will

be released to the parties under the protective order. A protected decision may be viewed within the

government, but may not be released to, or discussed with, non-government personnel unless those

personnel have been explicitly admitted to access of protected material under the protective order.

Generally, those admitted to access under the protective order will be legal counsel for the protester

and interveners. The GAO will issue a public redacted version of the decision at a later date.

(i) Denial or Dismissal. If the GAO denies or dismisses a protest, the protest is closed. The Air Force

can proceed with all contractual actions upon notification of denial or dismissal.
(ii) Sustain. If the GAO sustains a protest, the GAO will also recommend corrective action and may

recommend payment of reasonable protest costs, to include reasonable attorney fees. In some cases

the GAO may also recommend payment of proposal preparation costs.

(A) Corrective action should be accomplished pursuant to paragraph (g) below. A decision not to

comply with a GAO recommendation for corrective action may only be made by the cognizant HCA.

Any recommendation not to comply with GAO’s corrective action recommendation must be

coordinated with the focal point and forwarded through the SCO to the cognizant HCA Workflow and

AF/JACQ within 15 days of the date of the decision.

(B) Potential costs may include attorney fees and in-house costs related to pursuit of the protest.

Costs must be paid by the base or procuring activity.

(2) Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Resolution of the protest may be possible through use of

ADR. Outcome prediction is a form of ADR commonly used in bid protests in which the GAO advises

the parties of its likely position if the protest were resolved in a written decision. Department of the

Air Force policy is to follow the outcome prediction recommendations. Other nonbinding ADR

procedures (including but not limited to mediation) are available and should be considered for use in

appropriate cases. When considering the use of ADR proceedings other than outcome prediction to

resolve a bid protest, and before initiating an ADR proceeding, the contracting officer and AF/JACQ

must notify SAF/GCR and SAF/GCQ and work with those offices to identify an ADR procedure

appropriate to the individual case.

(3) Withdrawal. The protester may withdraw the protest, either because of corrective action taken

by the Department of the Air Force or for other reasons. Once the protester gives notice of

withdrawal to the GAO and the GAO closes its file, the contracting activity can resume all

contractual actions.

(e) Corrective Action

(1) Corrective action may be taken by the Department of the Air Force at any time during the protest

process or upon the recommendation of the GAO when a protest is sustained. Within five days of a

decision to take corrective action (either voluntary or as recommended by the GAO), the contracting

officer must provide a corrective action plan through their SCO to the cognizant HCA Workflow and

AF/JACQ. The contracting officer must notify the cognizant HCA and AF/JACQ if there are any

significant changes to the corrective action plan, if the corrective action will not be completed within

60 days, and when the corrective action is complete. The focal point should be copied on these

messages.

(f) Mandatory Stay of Award or Performance

(1) Statutory Requirements (31 USC 3551-3556)

(i) FAR 33.104(c)(1), in conjunction with Class Deviation 2018-O0011, Enhanced Postaward

Debriefing Rights, state that if the protest is received within the following deadlines, the agency has

to withhold award or, if award has been made, immediately issue a stop work order to the awardee:

Ten days after date of contract award;

If a debriefing is required, five days after the debriefing date offered to the protester under a timely

debriefing request and no additional questions related to the debriefing are submitted; or

Five days after the government delivers its written response to additional questions submitted by the
unsuccessful offeror.

(ii) The Department of the Air Force can override a stay in appropriate circumstances when it can

show a requisite level of harm resulting from a delay of contract award or performance. A challenge

to the override decision is brought before the Court of Federal Claims vice GAO.

(2) Overriding Stay of Award (protest filed before award).

(i) See DAFFARS 5333.104(b)(1) for processing instructions.

(ii) A stay of award may only be overridden by “urgent and compelling circumstances that

significantly affect interests of the United States.” These circumstances may include delays, work

stoppages, or performance degradations that severely impact mission-critical operations.

(iii) All requests must include facts that establish the urgent and compelling circumstances that

significantly affect the interests of the United States. The request must explain, if there is an

incumbent, why the incumbent’s contract cannot be extended. The request must explain what other

options are available and why those options, if any, are not viable.

(3) Overriding Stay of Performance (protest filed after award).

See 5333.104(c)(2) for processing instructions.

(ii) A stay of performance may only be overridden by urgent and compelling circumstances that

significantly affect interests of the United States, or where performance of the contract is in the best

interests of the United States.

(iii) HCA Override. See Override D&F Template. NOTE: The template contains guidance on the last

few pages of the document.

(A) The request to the cognizant HCA for an override must include the findings required by FAR

33.104(b) or (c).

(B) The cognizant HCA will make a decision with respect to authorizing award or continued

performance within ten days of the protest notification by SAF/AQC. If circumstances change after

suspension of contract performance, the contracting officer may initiate a request to continue

performance.

(C) The cognizant HCA’s decision to override is not effective until a written finding is made and the

agency files with GAO either a copy of any issued determination and finding, or a statement by the

individual who approved the determination and finding that explains the statutory basis for the

override, in accordance with FAR 33.104(b)(2) or (c)(3). Notification should include the protester’s

name and the B-number assigned to the protest. Copies of the signed notice and the finding must be

sent to the cognizant HCA. AF/JACQ will file the notice at GAO and provide copies to the protester

and interested parties, as required by FAR 33.104(d).

(iv) The cognizant HCA may request a briefing on technical and contractual aspects of the

solicitation when an override is requested.

Parent topic: MP5333.1 - PROTESTS