U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Series 11, Number 248 April 2007

Trends in Oral Health Status:

United States, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004
Copyright information

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reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is

appreciated.

Suggested citation

Dye BA, Tan S, Smith V, Lewis BG, Barker LK, Thornton-Evans G, et al.

Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.

National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 11(248). 2007.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Trends in oral health status : United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 / Bruce

A. Dye ... [et al.].

p. ; cm. — (Vital and health statistics. Series 11 ; no. 248)

Running title: OH trends US 88/04

‘‘April 2007.’’

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0–8406-0615-X

1. Dental public health—United States—Statistics. 2. Health status

indicators—United States. 3. United States—Statistics, Medical. I. Dye, Bruce A.

II. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) III. National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (U.S.) IV. Title: OH trends US 88/04. V. Series: Vital and

health statistics. Series 11, Data from the national health survey ; no. 248.

[DNLM: 1. Oral Health—United States—Statistics. 2. Stomatognathic

Diseases—United States—Statistics. 3. Health Status Indicators—United States.

4. Nutrition Surveys—United States. W2 A N148vk no. 248 2007]

RK52.2.T74 2007

614.5’9960973—dc22 2007007485

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Printed on acid-free paper.
National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D., Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Co-Deputy Director

Michael H. Sadagursky, Acting Co-Deputy Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for

Planning, Budget, and Legislation

Michael H. Sadagursky, Associate Director for

Management and Operations

Lawrence H. Cox, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

Margot A. Palmer, Director for Information Technology

Margot A. Palmer, Acting Director for Information Services

Linda T. Bilheimer, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis

and Epidemiology

Charles J. Rothwell, M.S., Director for Vital Statistics

Jane E. Sisk, Ph.D., Director for Health Care Statistics

Jane F. Gentleman, Ph.D., Director for Health Interview

Statistics

Clifford L. Johnson, M.S.P.H., Director for Health and

Nutrition Examination Surveys

Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Clifford L. Johnson, M.S.P.H., Director

Rosemarie Hirsch, M.D., M.P.H., Chief Analysis Branch

George Zipf, M.S., Chief Operations Branch

Vicki L. Burt, ScM., RN, Chief Planning Branch

Jerry Del Rosso, BSEE, Chief Informatics Branch
Series 11, Number 248

Trends in Oral Health Status:

United States, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004

Data From the Continuous

National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (NHANES)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Maryland

April 2007

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2007-1698
Contents

Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... viii

Abstract ................................................................................................. 1

Introduction .............................................................................................. 1

Methods ................................................................................................. 2

Source of Data and Survey Design ......................................................................... 2

Oral Health Component .................................................................................. 2

Description of Selected Findings ........................................................................... 5

Discussion of Trends..................................................................................... 9

Conclusion ............................................................................................... 16

References ............................................................................................... 16

Appendix ................................................................................................ 92

Glossary of Dental Terms ................................................................................. 92

Figures

1. Mean DMFT scores for persons 6 years of age and older by selected age groups: United States, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 3

2. Mean dfs scores by children age 2–11 years of age and federal poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 4

3. Decayed and filled primary dental surfaces (dfs) for youths 2–11 years of age by age groups and federal poverty level

status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.......................................................... 5

4. Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent teeth for youths 6–11 years of age by age groups and federal poverty

status levels: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .................................................... 6

5. Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) for adolescents 12–19 years of age by age group and poverty

status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.......................................................... 7

6. Decayed, missing, and filled permanent dental surfaces (DMFS) for adolescents 12–19 years of age by age group and

poverty status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ................................................... 8

7. Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent teeth for adolescents 12–19 years of age by age group and federal poverty

level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ..................................................... 9

8. Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) for adults 20–64 years of age by age group and federal poverty

level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ..................................................... 10

9. Decayed, missing, and filled dental surfaces (DMFS) for adults 20–64 years of age by age group and federal poverty

level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ..................................................... 11

10. Prevalence of pocket depth greater than or equal to 4 millimeters for adults 20–64 years of age by age groups and

federal poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................ 12

11. Prevalence of attachment loss greater than or equal to 3 millimeters for adults 20–64 years of age by age groups and

federal poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................ 12

12. Prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis for adults 20–64 years of age by age group and federal poverty level

status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.......................................................... 13

13. Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) for seniors 65 years of age and older by age group and federal

poverty level: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ................................................... 14

14. Decayed, missing, and filled dental surfaces (DMFS) for seniors 65 years of age and older by age group and federal

poverty level: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ................................................... 15

iii
15. Prevalence of pocket depth greater than or equal to 4 millimeters for seniors 65 years of age and older by age groups

and federal poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .................................... 15

16. Prevalence of attachment loss greater than or equal to 3 millimeters for seniors 65 years of age and older by age

groups and federal poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .............................. 16

17. Prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis for seniors 65 years of age and older by age groups and federal poverty

level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ..................................................... 17

Detailed Tables

1. Comparison of sampling design characteristics for the National Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey III and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004............................... 18

2. Age eligibility for oral health assessments common to both the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III

and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004........................................ 18

3. Number of sampled persons 2 years of age or older participating in interview, MEC, and oral health examination for

the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey by selected demographics: United States, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 19

4. Weighted frequency distribution of persons with oral health examination information by age group for the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ............................ 20

5. Prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth (dft) among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 20

6. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in primary teeth among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 21

7. Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed and filled primary teeth among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 21

8. Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed and filled primary tooth surfaces among youths 2–11 years of age,

by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 22

9. Contribution of decayed or filled surfaces to the number of decayed and filled surfaces among youths 2–11 years of

age with at least one decayed or filled surface in primary teeth, by selected characteristics: United States, National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................ 22

10. Prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) among youths 6–11 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 23

11. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among youths 6–11 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 23

12. Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth among youths 6–11 years of

age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 24

13. Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth among youths 6–11 years of

age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 24

14. Contribution of decayed or filled surfaces on the mean number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces among

youths 6–11 years of age with at least one decayed, missing or filled surface, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 25

15. Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent teeth among youths 6–11 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 25

16. Mean number of permanent teeth with dental sealants among youths 6–11 years of age with at least one sealed

tooth, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 26

17. Mean number of permanent teeth sealed by tooth type among youths 6–11 years of age with at least one sealed

tooth, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 26

18. Prevalence of trauma in permanent incisors, maxillary incisors, and mandibular incisors among youths 6–11 years

of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 27

19. Time since last dental visit among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National

Health and Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .............................................. 28

iv
20. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–1a: Prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth among youths 2–4 years of

age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 29

21. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–1b: Prevalence of dental caries in primary or permanent teeth among youths

6–8 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................................................... 29

22. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–2a: Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in primary teeth among youths 2–4 years

of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 30

23. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–2b: Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in primary or permanent teeth among

youths 6–8 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................................................... 30

24. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–8a: Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent first molars among youths 8 years

of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 31

25. Prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................ 31

26. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 32

27. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, and decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth among adolescents

12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................................................... 33

28. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, and decayed, missing and filled permanent surfaces among adolescents

12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................................................... 34

29. Contribution of decayed, missing, or filled surfaces on the mean number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces

among adolescents 12–19 years of age with at least one decayed, missing or filled surface, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 35

30. Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent teeth among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 36

31. Mean number of permanent teeth with dental sealants among adolescents 12–19 years of age with at least one sealed

tooth, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 36

32. Mean number of permanent teeth sealed by tooth type among adolescents 12–19 years of age with at least one sealed

tooth, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 37

33. Prevalence of trauma in permanent incisors, maxillary incisors, and mandibular incisors among adolescents 12–19

years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 37

34. Distribution of trauma calls among adolescents 12–19 years of age with at least one traumatized tooth, by incisal trauma

type and age: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ......... 38

35. Time since last dental visit among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ....................................... 39

36. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–1c: Prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth among adolescents 15 years

of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 40

37. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–2c: Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among adolescents

15 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................................................... 40

38. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–8b: Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent first molars among adolescents

14 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................................................... 41

39. Perceived condition of teeth and mouth among adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ....................................... 42

40. Prevalence of caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 43

41. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 44

v
42. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, decayed and filled teeth, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth in

permanent teeth of dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .................................................. 45

43. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, decayed and filled, and decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent

teeth of dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .......................................................... 46

44. Contribution of decayed or filled surfaces on the mean number of decayed and filled surfaces among dentate adults

20–64 years of age with at least one decayed or filled permanent surface, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 47

45. Prevalence of root caries among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 48

46. Mean number of permanent teeth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 49

47. Prevalence of edentulism among adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .............................................. 50

48. Time since last dental visit among adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National

Health and Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .............................................. 51

49. Mean recession among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .............................................. 52

50. Mean pocket depth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................ 53

51. Mean loss of attachment among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................ 54

52. Prevalence of the level of recession among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 55

53. Prevalence of the level of pocket depth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 57

54. Prevalence of the level of loss of attachment among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 60

55. Prevalence of periodontal disease among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 63

56. Prevalence of moderate or severe periodontitis among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 64

57. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–2d: Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among adults 35–44

years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 ..................................................................................... 65

58. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–3: No permanent tooth loss due to caries or periodontal disease among adults

35–44 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................................................................... 66

59. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–5b: Prevalence of destructive periodontal disease among adults 35–44 years of

age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 67

60. Perceived condition of teeth and mouth among seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........................... 68

61. Prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 69

62. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 70

63. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, decayed and filled teeth, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth in permanent

teeth of dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .................................................. 71

64. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, decayed and filled, and decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent

teeth of dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 .................................................. 72

65. Contribution of decayed or filled surfaces on the mean number of decayed and filled surfaces among dentate seniors

65 years of age and older with at least one decayed or filled permanent surface, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 73

vi
66. Prevalence of root caries among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 74

67. Mean number of permanent teeth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 75

68. Prevalence of edentulism among seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 76

69. Time since last dental visit among seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ....................................... 77

70. Mean recession among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 78

71. Mean pocket depth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004................................. 79

72. Mean loss of attachment among dentate adults seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 80

73. Prevalence of the level of recession among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 81

74. Prevalence of the level of pocket depth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 83

75. Prevalence of the level of loss of attachment among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 86

76. Prevalence of periodontal disease among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004..................... 89

77. Prevalence of moderate or severe periodontitis among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 ........ 90

78. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–4: Prevalence of complete tooth loss among seniors 65–74 years of age, by

selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004......................................................................................... 91

vii
Acknowledgments

The NHANES oral health

component was a funding and

content collaborative effort

between the National Institutes of

Health, National Institute of Dental and

Craniofacial Research; the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention,

National Center for Chronic Disease

Prevention and Health Promotion,

Division of Oral Health and the

National Center for Health Statistics.

The authors gratefully acknowledge

Ms. Yang Yu, National Center for

Health Statistics, for programming

support and data table review and Dr.

Freder Jaramillo, Division of Oral

Health, for assistance in reviewing the

tables.

viii
Objective

This report presents national

estimates and trends for a variety of

oral health status measures for persons

aged 2 years and older by

sociodemographic and smoking status

since the late 1980s in the United

States.

Methods

Data from the third National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey

(NHANES III), 1988–1994 and from the

NHANES 1999–2004 were used. These

data sources were designed to provide

information on the health and nutritional

status of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population in the United States.

Information from oral health

examination methods common to both

survey periods were used to present

prevalence estimates and for trend

analyses. Statistical significance of

differences between common estimates

from each survey period was evaluated

using two-sided t-tests.

Results

This report provides mean,

percentile values, and standard errors

for dental caries, dental sealants, incisal

trauma, periodontal health, dental visits,

perception of oral health status, tooth

retention, and edentulism. Additional

estimates for monitoring progress

toward the Healthy People 2010 oral

health objectives using NHANES

source data are presented as well.

Conclusions

For most Americans, oral health

status has improved between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004. For

seniors, edentulism and periodontitis

has declined; for adults, improvements

were seen in dental caries prevalence,

tooth retention, and periodontal health;

for adolescents and youths, dental

sealant prevalence has increased and

dental caries have decreased; however,

for youths aged 2–5 years, dental

caries in primary teeth has increased.

Keywords: oral health, NHANES,

dental caries, periodontitis,

edentulism, tooth loss, dental visits,

dental trauma, dental public health

Trends in Oral Health Status:

United States, 1988–1994 and

1999–2004

by Bruce A. Dye, DDS, M.P.H., Sylvia Tan, M.S., Vincent Smith, M.S.,

and Brenda G. Lewis, M.P.H., National Center for Health Statistics,

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Laurie K. Barker,

M.S.P.H., Gina Thornton-Evans, DDS, M.P.H., Paul I. Eke, Ph.D.,

M.P.H., Ph.D., and Eugenio D. Beltra ́n-Aguilar, DMD, Dr.P.H.,

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health

Promotion, Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention; Alice M. Horowitz, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health,

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; and

Chien-Hsun Li, M.S., M.A., Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Data

Resource Center

Introduction

The Surgeon General has declared

that ‘‘oral health is essential to the

general health and well-being

of all Americans’’ (1). There are important

associations between poor oral health

status and other systemic diseases, such as

diabetes. Moreover, risk factors for oral

diseases, such as tobacco use, are shared

with other systemic diseases. Poor oral

health also impacts diet and nutrition and

affects social activities, such as school and

work.

Although dental caries has declined

significantly among school-aged

children since the early 1970s, dental

caries has remained the most prevalent

chronic disease of childhood (1). Over

the same time period, fewer adults have

experienced tooth loss because of dental

decay or periodontal disease and the

prevalence of complete tooth loss

among adults has been consistently

declining (1). Although significant

improvements in oral health for most

Americans have been made over the

past four decades, oral health disparities

remain across some population groups.

The National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey (NHANES) has

been an important source of information

on oral health and dental care in the

United States since the early 1970s.

Numerous Vital and Health Statistic

Series 11 reports on oral health have

been published using data from prior

NHANES surveys and its precursor

survey conducted in the 1960s (the

National Health Examination Survey).

However, there has not been a

comprehensive Series 11 report

published using oral health and dental

care data from the more recent surveys.

This report provides national estimates

for a broad range of oral health

measures for the U.S. civilian

noninstitutionalized population from

1988–1994 to 1999–2004, and extends a

previous report (2) in time period and

oral health assessments.

Many of the oral health protocols

used for NHANES 1999–2004 were

comparable to methods employed on

NHANES III (1988–1994). Estimates

from assessments common to both

survey periods are presented here and

cover the following topics: dental caries,

dental sealants, tooth loss, incisor

trauma, periodontal status, dental visits,

and respondent-assessed oral health

status. For both surveys, participation in

the various oral health assessments was

determined by age, which was related to

Page 1
Page 2 [ Series 11, No. 248

the disease or condition being evaluated.

Additional estimates reflecting the

Healthy People 2010 oral health

objectives (3) are presented in this report

as well. The presentation of information

in this report is structured to represent

four major periods of life. These life

stages are designated as youths,

adolescents, adults, and seniors.

The design and implementation of

the NHANES oral health protocols have

involved a collaborative effort among

the National Institute of Dental and

Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and two

partners within the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention (CDC): the

National Center for Chronic Disease

Prevention and Health Promotion’s

Division of Oral Health (DOH) and the

National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS). The main NHANES oral

health objectives are to:

1. Evaluate trends in oral diseases and

conditions.

2. Assess efforts to prevent disease

and disability.

3. Monitor the oral health status of

minority and underserved

populations.

4. Assess progress in meeting national

health objectives.

Methods

Source of Data and Survey

Design

NHANES III used a stratified,

multistage design to obtain a

representative probability sample of the

civilian noninstutionalized population of

the United States, 2 months of age and

older. The survey was conducted from

October 1988 through October 1994 and

was designed as two 3-year phases, each

of which constitutes a national

probability sample. The 6-year sample,

also a national probability sample,

provides more statistically reliable

estimates because of its larger sample

size. Subgroups of the population were

oversampled to allow increased

precision in estimates for these groups;

subgroups included non-Hispanic black

and Mexican American persons, persons

under 6 years of age, and persons 60

years of age and older. Details of the

sample design and other methods of the

survey have been described

elsewhere (4,5).

The survey included an interview

conducted in the household and an

examination at a mobile examination

center (MEC). Information obtained

during the interview included individual

characteristics such as sex, age,

self-reported race and ethnicity, years of

education completed, and household

income information. The interviewer

also asked questions about selected

health conditions and behaviors,

including information on smoking. The

MEC examination consisted of a variety

of physical measurements, a collection

of biological specimens, and an

additional personal interview.

NHANES was changed from a

periodic survey to a continuous, annual

survey in 1999. Unlike NHANES III,

the current NHANES collects

information on a nationally

representative sample in each year but

data are released in 2-year periods to

protect confidentiality and increase

statistical reliability. Multiple 2-year

periods can be combined to form a

national probability sample for a longer

time period to improve reliability of

statistics. As in NHANES III, participants

are interviewed in their homes and then

complete a health examination, which

includes the collection of biologic

specimens at the MEC.

During the NHANES 1999–2004,

oversampling occurred for persons aged

12–19 years, adults 60 years and older,

African-American persons, and Mexican

American persons. Furthermore, all

women who indicated that they were

pregnant at the time of the screening

interview were selected into the sample,

and low-income white persons were

over sampled in 2000–2004. Sample

design characteristics for NHANES III

and the current NHANES are shown in

Table 1. Additional details of the survey

are available at: http://www.cdc.gov/

nchs/about/major/nhanes/datalink.htm.

Oral Health Component

Participation in the oral health

component was limited to age groups

considered most critical for monitoring

oral health and dental care. Age groups

for some of the oral health examination

and interview components differed

among NHANES III and 2-year data

cycles within NHANES 1999–2004

(Table 2). For this report, information on

oral health status was obtained from the

following assessments conducted during

the dental examination: tooth count,

dental caries, dental sealants, dental

incisor trauma, and periodontal status.

Information was also obtained from the

home interview covering assessments on

perceived oral health status and the

frequency of dental care. A list of oral

health terms and abbreviations is

included in the Appendix to facilitate

interpretation of the information

presented in this report.

For both surveys, the dental

examinations were conducted in the

MEC by trained dentists who were

periodically calibrated by the reference

dental examiner. In brief, dental

examiners used a nonmagnifying mirror

and a dental explorer under dry

conditions (with compressed air) to

assess for dental caries. The NHANES

examining protocol was based upon the

Radike criteria (6) with minor

modifications. Assessments for coronal

caries and restorations were made at the

tooth surface level. The presence of

dental root caries and restorations was

assessed at the tooth level for NHANES

III and at the person level for NHANES

1999–2004. Consequently, only

prevalence of root caries and

restorations are included in this report.

Selected dental surfaces on the 1st

and 2nd primary and permanent molars,

premolars, and upper lateral permanent

incisors were assessed for dental

sealants. A surface was considered

sealed if any part of the surface

remained covered with sealant material.

Dental examiners queried participants

about the possibility of any prior dental

incisor trauma and examined for clinical

signs of trauma or repair.

Periodontal assessments in

NHANES III were made at two facial

sites (mesio- and mid-facial) on each

fully erupted permanent tooth, except

third molars, in two randomly selected

quadrants (that is, one maxillary and one

mandibular). Periodontal measurements
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 3

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

1988–1994 1999–2004

75 and 

older 

6–11 12–19 20–34 35–49 50–64 65–75

Age in years 

Mean DMFT NOTE: DMFT is decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth. 

Figure 1. Mean DMFT scores for persons 6 years of age and older by selected age groups: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

were truncated to the whole millimeter

and were made with a color-banded

periodontal probe graduated at 2, 4, 6,

8, 10, and 12 millimeters. A third

probing site (disto-facial) was added in

2001; however, information obtained

only from measuring the mesio-facial

and mid-facial sites are used in this

report to be consistent with periodontal

measurements collected prior to 2001.

Detailed information on the NHANES

dental examinations for the survey

periods are available elsewhere (4,7,8).

Sample Size and Response

Rates

Table 3 shows the demographic

distribution of sampled persons

participating in the interview, MEC and

oral health exam during 1988–1994 and

1999–2004. Among the 30,548

participants completing the home

interview during NHANES III, 87.9%

completed an oral health exam. Overall,

participation among those younger than

65 years of age was approximately 91%

versus 75% for those 65 years of age or

older. The overall completion rate

during NHANES 1999–2004 was nearly

the same. Among the 28,661 participants

completing the home interview, 88.4%

completed the oral health exam. The

oral health completion rate among

interviewed participants during

1999–2004 was approximately 90% for

persons younger than 65 years of age

and 81% for persons 65 years of age or

older. The estimated population

distribution by age for those completing

an oral health exam is presented in

Table 4.

Data Analysis

For this report, indicators for dental

caries were calculated based on the

number of decayed, missing, and filled

teeth or surfaces (DMFT or DMFS) as

proposed by Klein et al. (9). Observed

trauma on incisal permanent teeth was

categorized as a nonrestored fracture in

enamel, a nonrestored fracture in dentin,

a restored fracture, and endodontic

trauma, which was defined having either

prior endodontic therapy or untreated

pulpal damage. Participants were

identified as having periodontal disease

if they had at least one periodontal site

with 3 mm or more of loss of

attachment and 4 mm or more of pocket

depth at the same periodontal site. This

definition of periodontal disease has

been used in prior NHANES data

analyses (8,10,11). Additionally,

moderate and severe periodontitis were

combined for this report using the CDCAmerican Academy of Periodontology

(AAP) definitions for periodontitis

surveillance in populations (12). These

definitions are described in the

Appendix.

The age categories used in this

report are 2–11 years for youths, 12–19

years for adolescents, 20–64 years for

adults, and 65 years and older for

seniors. The selected age subgroups

used were 2–5 years, 6–8 years, 9–11

years, 12–15 years, 16–19 years, 20–34

years, 35–49 years, 50–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years or older. Estimates

presented for Healthy People 2010 were

not adjusted for age. All other estimates

were adjusted for age to the U.S. 2000

standard population to control for

potential differences in age distribution

between NHANES III and NHANES

1999–2004 and to facilitate comparisons

between the surveys and among

sociodemographic groups (13). Estimates

for youths and adolescents were

adjusted using single years of age.

Estimates for adults were adjusted using

15-year age groups. For seniors,

estimates were adjusted for two groups:

65–74 year-olds and those age 75 years

or older.
Page 4 [ Series 11, No. 248

(Less than 100% FPL) (Less than 100% FPL) 

1999–2004 1988–1994 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

2 3 4 5 6 7 

Age in years 

NOTES: dfs is the number of decayed, and filled surfaces in primary teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

 (Greater than 200% FPL) 

1999–2004 

(Greater than 200% FPL) 

1988–1994 

8 9 10 11

Mean dfs 

Figure 2. Mean dfs scores by children age 2–11 years of age and federal poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

Estimates of oral health status are

reported by sociodemographic

characteristics similar to those reported

in the previous MMWR (2). In brief,

educational attainment was classified as

less than high school, high school

graduate or General Educational

Development high school equivalency

test (GED), and greater than high

school. Poverty status defined by the

ratio of family income to federal

poverty threshold or level (FPL) for

family size has been associated with

poorer oral health status and was

reported in three levels: less than 100%

FPL, greater than or equal to 100% but

less than 200%, and greater than or

equal to 200% FPL. Information on

self-reported race and ethnicity was

reported for three groups, for which

statistical reliability was adequate for

most estimates: Mexican American,

non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic

white. Smoking status was categorized

as current smokers, former smokers, and

never smoked.

All statistical analyses were

performed with SUDAAN software

(Version 9.0; Research Triangle Institute,

Research Triangle Park, NC) and SAS

software (Version 9.1; SAS Institute Inc,

Cary, NC). Population means, standard

errors of means, and differences in

means for a variety of oral health

outcomes are presented in this report.

Sample weights were used to produce

accurate population estimates because

each sample person did not have the

same probability of selection. Sample

weights for the 6-year sample were

calculated from the 4-year sample

weights for 1999–2002 and 2-year

sample weights for 2003–2004.

Additional information related to

calculating sample weights and the

NHANES analytical guidelines is

available elsewhere (14).

The statistical significance of

differences between estimates was

evaluated using two-sided t-tests at the

α=0.05 level. In this report, statements

that an estimate has increased,

decreased, or changed over time, or that

an estimate is higher, lower, or different

between two populations, indicate that

the difference is statistically significant

when tested using the two-sided t-test.

These tests were conducted without

adjustment for other sociodemographic

factors, other than age adjustments

described previously. Stability of an

estimate can be defined by the

coefficient of variation (COV) or

relative standard error (RSE), which is

defined as the ratio of the standard error

of the estimate to the point estimate and

is expressed as a percentage of the point

estimate. The larger the RSE of the

estimate, the less stable the estimate is.

For this report, estimates with an RSE

greater than 30% are considered

unstable. Additional information

pertaining to criteria for reporting

NHANES data reliability or precision is

available elsewhere (14,15).

Healthy People 2010

Healthy People 2010 is the third in

a series of 10-year health promotion,

disease prevention, and health access

goals and objectives for the United

States (3). There are approximately 470

objectives across 28 Focus areas with an

overarching goal of eliminating health

disparities and improving quality of life.

The Oral Health Focus area has 17 main

objectives of which 6 objectives use

NHANES as the data source. These

objectives are:

+ 21–1: Reduce the proportion of

children and adolescents who have

dental caries experience in their

primary or permanent teeth.

+ 21–2: Reduce the proportion of

children, adolescents, and adults

with untreated dental decay.

+ 21–3: Increase the proportion of

adults who have never had a
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 5

Mean dfs 

1988–1994 

2–5 6–11 

1999–2004 

2–5 6–11 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

1988–1994 

2–5 6–11 

1999–2004 

2–5 6–11 

Years of age 

1988–1994 

2–5 6–11 

1999–2004 

2–5 6–11 

Filled 

Decayed 

NOTES: dfs is the number of decayed, and filled surfaces in primary teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

0 

2 

4 

6 

8 

Figure 3. Decayed and filled primary dental surfaces (dfs) for youths 2–11 years of age by age groups and federal poverty level status:

United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

permanent tooth extracted because

of dental caries or periodontal

disease.

+ 21–4: Reduce the proportion of

older adults who have had all their

natural teeth extracted.

+ 21–5b: Reduce periodontal disease.

+ 21–8: Increase the proportion of

children who have received dental

sealants on their molar teeth.

These six objectives use NHANES III

data as baseline information with

progress toward each of these goals

measured using subsequent NHANES

data. Additional tables are presented

reporting estimates for oral health

objectives relevant to each life stage.

These additional tables present oral

health estimates using the more

narrowly defined Healthy People age

criteria appropriate for each objective.

Description of Selected

Findings

Youths (2–11 Years)

Tables 5–24 present selected oral

health estimates for persons aged 2–11

years. Overall, the prevalence of dental

caries in primary teeth (dft) increased

from approximately 40% from

1988–1994 to 42% during 1999–2004

(Table 5). However, among 2–5

year-olds, the prevalence of dental caries

in primary teeth significantly increased

from approximately 24% to 28%. The

prevalence of untreated primary tooth

decay has remained unchanged

(approximately 23%) between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 for 2–11

year-olds (Table 6). For this age group,

the mean number of decayed and filled

primary teeth has significantly increased

from 1.39 to 1.58 dft (Table 7).

Statistically significant increases were

observed among males, non-Hispanic

white persons, and youths living in

households below 100% FPL. Similarly,

the mean number of decayed and filled

primary dental surfaces significantly

increased from 2.94 to 3.63 from

1988–1994 to 1999–2004 (Table 8).

Increases were observed for all

subgroups evaluated except for

non-Hispanic black persons and youths

living in households at or above 200%

FPL. Figure 2 shows the mean dfs

scores for youths by the lowest and

highest poverty strata and by survey

period. Mean dfs scores are higher and

may peak earlier in age for youths

living in households less than 100%

FPL compared with youths living in

households greater than or equal to

200% FPL. The contribution of

untreated tooth decay to total number of

decayed and filled primary tooth

surfaces decreased for males (6.53%),

Mexican Americans (12.15%), and

youths living in households below 100%

FPL (12.47%) (Table 9). Figure 3 shows

that the difference between 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 in mean dfs scores for

2–11 year-olds varies by both age group

and poverty status.

The prevalence of dental caries in

permanent teeth (DMFT) for youths has

decreased significantly from

approximately 25% in 1988–1994 to

21% in 1999–2004 (Table 10). The

prevalence of untreated permanent tooth

decay has remained nearly unchanged

for all youths, except for children age

6–8 years and non-Hispanic black

personss for whom the prevalence

declined from 2.4% and 4.5%,

respectively, from 1988–1994 to

1999–2004 (Table 11). Overall, DMFT

and DMFS declined in permanent teeth

for youths during the same period

(Tables 12, 13). The prevalence of dental

sealants on permanent teeth among all

youths significantly increased from

approximately 22% in 1988–1994 to

30% in 1999–2004 (Table 15). This

increase was observed for all subgroups

evaluated except youths aged 6–8 years
Page 6 [ Series 11, No. 248

Percent with sealants 

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

1988–1994 1999–2004 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

Total 6–8 9–11 6–8 9–11 6–8 9–11

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

Years of age 

Figure 4. Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent teeth for youths 6–11 years of age by age groups and federal poverty status levels:

United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

and those living in households between

100%–199% FPL. Figure 4 shows that

the increase in dental sealant prevalence

from 1988–1994 to 1999–2004 occurred

across both age and poverty strata.

Table 18 shows that overall youth incisal

trauma did not significantly change

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.

Likewise, there was little change among

youths reporting a dental visit in the

past year between 1988–1994 (63.59%)

and 1999–2004 (64.84%) (Table 19).

Information pertaining to youth

Healthy People 2010 oral health

objectives is presented in Tables 20–24.

For 2–4 year-olds, prevalence of dental

caries in primary teeth (objective 21–1a)

has increased from approximately 18%

to 24% between 1988–1994 and

1999–2004 (Table 20). The prevalence

of untreated primary dental decay

(objective 21–2a) increased from

approximately 16% in 1988–1994 to

nearly 19% in 1999–2004 for 2–4

year-olds (Table 22). Overall, this

increase for untreated primary tooth

decay was not statistically significant;

but for select subgroups of youths age

2–4 years, the difference was

statistically significant among

non-Hispanic white persons and youths

living in households at or above 200%

FPL (approximately 5% point increase

for both groups). Table 21 shows that

the prevalence of dental caries in

permanent teeth remained relatively

unchanged between the survey periods

for youths aged 6–8 years (objective

21–1b). However, the prevalence of

dental caries in permanent teeth

significantly increased for 6–8-year-old

non-Hispanic black persons from

approximately 49% in 1988–1994 to

56% in 1999–2004. The prevalence of

untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth

for 6–8 year-olds (objective 21–2b)

remained unchanged (approximately

28% to 29%) between 1988–1994 and

1999–2004 (Table 23). Although not

statistically significant, a large increase

in prevalence of dental sealants on

permanent first molars (objective 21–8a)

was observed among youth aged 8

years, from nearly 23% in 1988–1994 to

approximately 32% in 1999–2004

(Table 24). This increase in prevalence

was statistically significant for

non-Hispanic black and Mexican

American persons.

Adolescents (12–19 Years)

Tables 25–38 present selected oral

health estimates for persons aged 12–19

years. Overall, the prevalence of dental

caries in permanent teeth significantly

decreased from approximately 68% from

1988–1994 to 59% during 1999–2004

(Table 25). This decrease was significant

for all subgroups evaluated except for

Mexican American adolescents and

adolescents living in households

between 100%–199% FPL. Little

change was observed in the prevalence

of untreated decay on permanent teeth

for adolescents between 1988–1994

(20.57%) and 1999–2004 (19.59%)

(Table 26). However, a significant

decrease in untreated decay was seen for

non-Hispanic black adolescents and

adolescents living in households below

100% FPL. Overall, DMFT and DMFS

declined in permanent teeth for

adolescents (Tables 27, 28). Figures 5

and 6 show that the greatest change

observed for mean DMFT and DMFS

scores between 1988–1994 and

1999–2004 occurred in older adolescents

regardless of poverty status.

The prevalence of dental sealants on

permanent teeth among all adolescents

has significantly increased from

approximately 18% in 1988–1994 to

38% in 1999–2004 (Table 30). This

increase was significant across all

subgroups evaluated. Figure 7 shows the
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 7

Mean DMFT NOTES: DMFT is decayed, missing, and filled teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

Filled 

Decayed 

12–15 16–19 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

1988–1994 

12–15 16–19 

1999–2004 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Total 

12–15 16–19 

Years of age 

1988–1994 

12–15 16–19 

1999–2004 

12–15 16–19 

1988–1994 

12–15 16–19 

1999–2004 

Missing 

1988– 

1994 

1999– 

2004 

Figure 5. Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) for adolescents 12–19 years of age by age group and poverty status:

United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

magnitude of this increase by age and

poverty subgroups. Table 33 shows that

overall incisal trauma prevalence for

adolescents remained unchanged

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

(approximately 20%). There was little

change among adolescents reporting a

dental visit in the past year between

1988–1994 (73.95%) and 1999–2004

(72.63%) (Table 35).

Information for Healthy People

2010 oral health youth objectives is

presented in Tables 36–39. Although the

prevalence of dental caries in permanent

teeth for 15-year-olds (objective 21–1c)

decreased from approximately 61% in

1988–1994 to 56% during 1999–2004

(Table 36), this decrease was significant

only for non-Hispanic black persons

(decreasing from approximately 68% to

53%). The prevalence of untreated tooth

decay among 15-year-olds (objective

21–2c) was approximately 20% during

1988–1994 and 18% during 1999–2004

(Table 37). However, for MexicanAmerican persons untreated tooth decay

significantly declined from

approximately 36% to 21% between

survey periods. For all 14-year-olds, the

prevalence of dental sealants on

permanent first molars (objective 21–8b)

has increased from approximately 15%

to 21% from 1988–1994 to 1999–2004

(Table 38).

Adults (20–64 Years)

Tables 39–59 present selected oral

health estimates for persons aged 20–64

years. Overall, the prevalence of adults

reporting the condition of their teeth and

mouth to be ‘‘excellent or very good’’

significantly declined from 30% in

1988–1994 to 26% during 1999–2004

(Table 39). This decrease was significant

for persons age 20–34 years, men,

Mexican American persons, nonHispanic white persons, persons with

more than a high school education, and

adults not living in poverty (≥100%

FPL). The prevalence of adult coronal

caries declined from approximately 95%

in 1988–1994 to 92% during 1999–2004

(Table 40). The largest decline in

prevalence was 6.5 percentage points for

persons aged 20–34 years. Table 41

shows an overall decline in the

prevalence of untreated tooth decay for

adults (2 percentage points); however,

this decline was significant only for

non-Hispanic black persons

(7 percentage points). There was a

statistically significant decline (2.21

percentage points overall) in mean DMFT

scores for all adults between the two

survey periods (Table 42). Mean DMFT

and DMFS scores for adults were

generally lower in 1999–2004 compared

with 1988–1994 regardless of age and

poverty status (Figures 8, 9). Overall, the

prevalence of root caries for all adults

decreased from 19% during 1988–1994 to

14% during 1999–2004 (Table 45). The

decline was the greatest for adults aged

50–64 years (9 percentage points).

Tooth retention significantly

increased from approximately 24 teeth

in 1988–1994 to 25 teeth in 1999–2004

for all adults (Table 46) and the

prevalence of edentulism for similarly

aged adults decreased from

approximately 6% to 4% over the same

period (Table 47). The greatest decrease

in edentulism was observed in the oldest

cohort (age 50–64 years). There was a

significant decline among adults

reporting a dental visit in the past year

between 1988–1994 (66%) and

1999–2004 (60%) (Table 48).

Overall mean pocket depth

decreased from 1.47 mm to 1.02 mm

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

(Table 50) and mean loss of attachment
Page 8 [ Series 11, No. 248 Mean DMFS 

NOTES: DMFS is decayed, missing, and filled dental surfaces. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

Filled 

Decayed 

12–15 16–19 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

1988–1994 

12–15 16–19 

 Total 1999–2004

12–15 16–19 

Years of age 

1988–1994 

12–15 16–19 

1999–2004 

12–15 16–19 

1988–1994 

12–15 16–19 

1999–2004 

Missing 

1988– 

1994 

1999– 

2004 

0 

2 

4 

6 

8 

10 

Figure 6. Decayed, missing, and filled permanent dental surfaces (DMFS) for adolescents 12–19 years of age by age group and poverty

status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

decreased from 1.07 mm to 0.72 mm

over the same period (Table 51). During

1988–1994, the percent of adults having

at least one periodontal site with greater

than or equal to 2 mm (32%) of

recession, greater than or equal to 4 mm

(23%) of pocket depth, or greater than 4

mm (25%) of attachment loss

(Tables 52–54); compared with

1999–2004 the percent of adults with

the same periodontal conditions were

approximately 21%, 10%, and 17%. The

distribution of adults having at least one

periodontal pocket greater than or equal

to 4 mm or a periodontal site with

attachment loss greater than or equal to

3 mm was lower in 1999–2004

compared with 1988–1994 regardless of

poverty status (Figures 10, 11).

Data from 1999–2004 indicate that

9% of all adults were affected by

periodontal disease (having at least one

periodontal site with greater than or

equal to 3 mm of loss of attachment and

greater than or equal to 4 mm of pocket

depth) with prevalence ranging from

approximately 4% for persons aged

20–34 years to 12% for persons aged

50–64 years (Table 55). The prevalence

of periodontal disease significantly

declined by 6 percentage points between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 with the

greatest decline (14 percentage points)

observed for those adults living in

poverty (less than 100% FPL).

Likewise, the distribution of moderate

or severe periodontitis (CDC-AAP

definition) declined from 10% in

1988–1994 to 5% in 1999–2004 with

adults living below 100% FPL

experiencing the greatest decline (9.14

percentage points) (Table 56). The

distribution of moderate or severe

periodontitis by age group and poverty

status is shown in Figure 12.

Information pertaining to Healthy

People 2010 oral health objectives for

adults aged 35–44 years is presented in

Tables 57–59. Although there was little

change in the prevalence of untreated

tooth decay (objective 21–2d) between

1988–1994 (27%) and 1999–2004 (28%)

(Table 57), a significant improvement in

no permanent tooth loss due to dental

disease (objective 21–3) was observed

for these adults (30% versus 38%)

(Table 58). Table 59 shows that the

prevalence of destructive periodontal

disease (having attachment loss greater

than or equal to 4mm at one or more

sites) (objective 21–5b) significantly

declined from approximately 22% in

1988–1994 to approximately 16% in

1999–2004. Among 35–44 year-old

adults living in poverty (less than 100%

FPL), the decline in periodontal disease

was approximately 14 percentage points

during the same period.

Seniors (65 years and older)

Tables 60–78 present selected oral

health estimates for persons aged 65

years and older. Overall, the prevalence

of seniors reporting the condition of

their teeth and mouth to be ‘‘excellent

or very good’’ increased from 21% in

1988–1994 to 24% during 1999–

2004 (Table 60). However, there was a

decrease in the prevalence of seniors

living in poverty (less than 100% FPL)

reporting the condition of their teeth and

mouth to be ‘‘excellent or very good’’

during this period (approximately 13%

versus 8%). Although the overall

prevalence of senior coronal caries

remained unchanged from 1988–1994 to

1999–2004 (Table 61), the prevalence of
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 9

Percent with sealants 

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

1988–1994 1999–2004 

12–15 16–19 12–15 16–19 12–15 16–19

Total 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

Years of age 

Figure 7. Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent teeth for adolescents 12–19 years of age by age group and federal poverty level

status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

untreated coronal caries significantly

declined from approximately 28% to

18% between 1988–1994 and

1999–2004 (Table 62).

Between 1988–1994 and

1999–2004, there was a statistically

significant decline in DMFT scores for

all dentate seniors (19.11 versus 17.96)

(Table 63) and the contribution of the

number of decayed coronal surfaces to

the overall DFS declined (13% versus

8%) (Table 65). The distribution of

mean DMFT and DMFS scores are

presented in Figures 13, 14. Although

the overall distributions vary little across

age and poverty subgroups, there is

greater variation by the proportion of

missing teeth across these same

subgroups. Overall root caries

experience improved among dentate

seniors (46% versus 36%) with the

largest decrease observed for seniors

living below 100% FPL (16%)

(Table 66).

The prevalence of tooth retention

significantly increased from 17.9 teeth

in 1988–1994 to 18.9 teeth in

1999–2004 for all seniors (Table 67) and

the prevalence of edentulism for

similarly aged adults significantly

decreased from approximately 34% to

27% over the same period (Table 68).

Some of the largest declines in

edentulism were observed for persons

aged 75 years and older and men (more

than 9 percentage points each). There

was no change among seniors reporting

a dental visit in the past year between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004

(approximately 54%) (Table 69).

Overall mean pocket depth

decreased from 1.47 mm to 1.07 mm

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

(Table 71) and mean loss of attachment

decreased from 2.04 mm to 1.55 mm

over the same period (Table 72). The

distribution of seniors having at least

one periodontal site with an attachment

loss greater than or equal to 3 mm or

pocket depth greater than or equal to 4

mm by age and poverty subgroups are

presented in Figures 15, 16. The overall

percentage of seniors having periodontal

disease significantly declined between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 (9

percentage points) (Table 76). This

decrease in prevalence was statistically

significant for all major

sociodemographic subgroups. Moderate

or severe periodontitis significantly

decreased from approximately 27% to

17% between 1988–1994 and

1999–2004 (Table 77). The largest

decrease in the prevalence of moderate

or severe periodontitis was for

non-Hispanic black persons (47%–24%).

The prevalence of moderate or severe

periodontitis was lower in 1999–2004

for all age and poverty subgroups,

except for seniors aged 75 years or

older and living below 100% FPL

(Figure 17).

Findings related to the only

Healthy People 2010 oral health

objective for seniors are presented in

Table 78. The prevalence of complete

tooth loss among seniors aged 65–74

years (objective 21–4) was

approximately 29% in 1988–1994

compared with 24% in 1999–2004;

however, the difference was not

significant. A statistically significant

decrease was observed only for

non-Hispanic white persons.

Discussion of Trends

NHANES 1999–2004 oral health

data represent the most recent

cross-sectional information from which

estimates can be generalized to the U.S.

population. The data reported here

reflect trends in oral health status that

have occurred between the NHANES

survey years 1988–1994 and 1999–

2004. These data also constitute one of
Page 10 [ Series 11, No. 248 Mean DMFT 

NOTES: DMFT is decayed, missing, and filled teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

Filled 

Decayed 

Missing 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

Total 1988–1994

1988– 

1994 

1999– 

2004 

1999–2004 

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

20– 

34 

35– 

49 

50– 

64 

35– 

49 

20– 

34 

50– 

64 

1988–1994 1999–2004 

20– 

34 

35– 

49 

Years of age 

50– 

64 

35– 

49 

20– 

34 

50– 

64 

1988–1994 1999–2004 

20– 

34 

35– 

49 

50– 

64 

35– 

49 

20– 

34 

50– 

64 

Figure 8. Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) for adults 20–64 years of age by age group and federal poverty level status:

United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

the most comprehensive sources of oral

health assessment data on the U.S.

population and major subgroups.

Consequently, these data are used to

assess progress toward the elimination

of oral health disparities and improving

quality of life using Healthy People

2010 objectives.

Monitoring changes in periodontal

status over the prior decades has been

problematic in the United States. Earlier

national surveys have used Russell’s

Periodontal Index (16) to assess

periodontal disease whereas surveys

since the 1980s have used a different

methodology (17). Partial-mouth

examinations, like the examination

procedures used on NHANES, also may

underestimate the prevalence of

periodontal disease, particularly the

more severe conditions (18–21).

Nevertheless, information collected from

current NHANES periodontal

examination methods are useful for

assessing trends in periodontal status in

the United States (8).

One additional caveat for the reader,

due to limited space, not all oral health

findings have been presented or

discussed in this report. Moreover,

because results are based on large

sample sizes, small differences in

prevalence and severity of the

conditions assessed may appear

statistically significant but have limited

clinical importance.

Youths (2–11 Years)

The first national survey to

ascertain oral health information

among youths aged 6–11 years was

conducted by NCHS during

1963–1965 (22). Youths aged 1–11

years also were included in NHANES

I, which was conducted by NCHS

during 1971–1974 (23). Information

from these earlier surveys, including

two surveys among school-aged

children conducted by the National

Institute of Dental Craniofacial

Research during the 1980s (24–25),

and NHANES III have been used to

demonstrate a decline in dental caries

in both the primary and permanent

dentitions in U.S. youth.

Data from NHANES 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 suggest that caries

experience in primary teeth among

youths aged 6–11 years has remained

unchanged. However, among youths

aged 2–5 years, dental caries in the

primary dentition is increasing. This

increase in prevalence among 2–5 year

olds was not accompanied by an

increase in untreated decay but was

accompanied by a greater number of

dental surfaces restored between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004. This

suggests that the increase in prevalence

of dental caries (dft) in primary teeth for

youths under 6 years may be the result

of youths receiving more restorative

treatment during 1999–2004 compared

with 1988–1994. Overall, the mean dft

and mean dfs for youths aged 2–11

years has increased from 1988–1994 to

1999–2004, whereas the prevalence of

dental caries in the permanent dentition

among 6–11 year-olds has continued to

decline. There is no change in the

prevalence of untreated decay in the

permanent dentition for youths aged

6–11 years.

For all youths aged 6–11 years,

the presence of dental sealants on

permanent teeth has increased. The

presence of sealants has increased

among the major demographic

subgroups except for youths aged 6–8
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 11

Mean DMFS 

NOTES: DMFS is decayed, missing, and filled dental surfaces. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

Filled 

Decayed 

Missing 

Total 

1988– 

1994 

1999– 

2004 

20– 

34 

35– 

49 

Years of age 

50– 

64 

35– 

49 

20– 

34 

50– 

64 

20– 

34 

35– 

49 

50– 

64 

35– 

49 

20– 

34 

50– 

64 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 

20– 

34 

35– 

49 

50– 

64 

35– 

49 

20– 

34 

50– 

64 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

Figure 9. Decayed, missing, and filled dental surfaces (DMFS) for adults 20–64 years of age by age group and federal poverty level status:

United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

years and those living in households at

100%–199% FPL. While there was an

increase in the number of youths

receiving dental sealants, there was

no change in the number of teeth

sealed. The prevalence of incisal

trauma affecting the permanent

dentition remained unchanged for

youths aged 6–11 years and the

proportion of all youth having a dental

visit within 1 year or less remained

unchanged between 1988–1994 and

1999–2004.

Adolescents (12–19 Years)

The first national survey to

ascertain oral health information among

adolescents aged 12–17 years was

conducted by NCHS during 1966–

1970 (23). Adolescents aged 12–19

years also were included in NHANES I,

which was conducted by NCHS during

1971–1974 (23) and the NIDCR

conducted two school-based surveys

among 12–17 year-olds during the

1980s (24–25). Dental information from

these prior surveys and NHANES III

has been used to show a decline in dental

caries in the permanent dentitions of

adolescents in the United States as well.

Data from NHANES 1988–1994

and 1999–2004 suggest that caries

experience in permanent teeth continues

to decline for adolescents aged 12–19

years. Although untreated dental decay

has remained unchanged for this age

group overall, caries experience has

continued to decline between 1988–1994

and 1999–2004. The percent of all

adolescents aged 12–19 years with

dental sealants has more than doubled

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. A

significant increase in sealant presence

has occurred across all major

demographic subgroups. The

prevalence of dental trauma affecting

permanent incisors remained

unchanged for adolescents and the

proportion of all adolescents having a

dental visit within 1 year or less

remained unchanged between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004.

Adults (20–64 Years)

National information on adult oral

health status was first collected by

NCHS during the first National Health

Examination cycle (1960–1962) (27).

Adults were also included in NHANES

I (1971–1974) (23); and the NIDCR

conducted a national survey of oral

health for employed U.S. adults during

1985–1986 (28). Findings from these

surveys and NHANES III have

demonstrated a steady increase in tooth

retention in the United States over four

decades beginning in 1960.

The number of permanent teeth

among all dentate adults increased

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.

This increase was significant across all

major demographic subgroups.

Overall, adult edentulism has declined

in the United States between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004. A

significant decline was observed for

adults aged 50–64 years, both sexes,

non-Hispanic white and black persons,

persons living at FPL or higher, and

persons with less than a high school

education. The prevalence of coronal

dental caries declined for all adults

except for persons aged 50–64 years

and those living below the FPL

between the survey periods.
The presence of untreated coronal

decay remained unchanged for

all adults during the same period

except non-Hispanic black persons,

who experienced a significant decline

in untreated decay prevalence.

Overall, caries experience has declined

among adults from 1988–1994 to

1999–2004.

Data from NHANES III and

NHANES 1999–2004 indicate that

mean periodontal recession, pocket

depth, and attachment loss have all

significantly declined among adults

across nearly all major demographic

subgroups. Only mean recession

measures among adults aged 20–34

years remained unchanged between the

survey periods. The prevalence of

periodontal disease has declined for all

adults and this decline is significant

Percent pocket depth

greater than or equal to 4 millimeters 

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

1988–1994 1999–2004

35–49 50–64

Total

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL

0

10

20

30

40

50

20–34 50–64 20–34 35–49

Years of age

20–34 35–49 50–64

Figure 10. Prevalence of pocket depth greater than or equal to 4 millimeters for adults 20–64 years of age by age groups and federal

poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

1988–1994 1999–2004

35–49 50–64

Total

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

20–34 50–64 20–34 50–64 35–49 20–34 35–49

Percent attachment loss

greater than or equal to 3 millimeters 

Years of age

Figure 11. Prevalence of attachment loss greater than or equal to 3 millimeters for adults 20–64 years of age by age groups and federal

poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

Page 12 [ Series 11, No. 248
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 13

Percent moderate or severe periodontitis 

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

1988–1994 1999–2004 

35–49 50–64

Total 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

20–34 20–34 35–49 50–64 20–34 35–49 50–64

Years of age 

Figure 12. Prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis for adults 20–64 years of age by age group and federal poverty level status:

United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

for all major subgroups except for

persons living at 100%–199% FPL.

Similarly, the prevalence of moderate

or severe periodontitis has declined for

all major adult subgroups.

Overall, the percent of adults

reporting the condition of their teeth and

mouth to be ‘‘excellent/very good’’

decreased between 1988–1994 and

1999–2004. This decrease was

significant for adults aged 20–34 years,

males, non-Hispanic white and Mexican

American persons, persons living at

100% FPL or higher, and persons with

at least a high school education. The

percent of all adults having a dental

visit within 1 year or less declined

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.

This decline was significant across most

of the major demographic subgroups

except for persons aged 50–64 years and

living below 100% FPL.

Seniors (65 Years and Older)

Oral health information was first

collected on seniors aged 65–79 years

during 1960–1962 (27) and later

during 1971–1974 for persons aged

65–74 years (23). The NIDCR’s

1985–1986 national oral health survey

of adults included a sample of retired

persons aged 65 years and older (28).

Findings from these surveys and

NHANES III have shown a steady

decline in edentulism in the United

States over previous decades

beginning in 1960.

Overall, edentulism in seniors has

declined in the United States between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004. A

significant decline was observed for

males, non-Hispanic white seniors,

seniors living above the FPL, former

smokers and nonsmokers. Tooth

retention increased for males and

females, non-Hispanic White seniors,

nonsmokers, seniors aged 75 years or

older, persons living at 200% FPL or

higher, and having educational

attainment greater than high school.

Although the prevalence of dental caries

remained unchanged for seniors between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004, the presence

of untreated decay decreased for seniors

across most of the major demographic

subgroups. This downward trend was

most noteworthy for non-Hispanic black

seniors (53.9% versus 36.78%). Overall,

the prevalence of root caries

significantly decreased for seniors

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.

This decrease was observed for most of

the major demographic subgroups

except non-Hispanic black and

Mexican-American seniors.

Senior periodontal health improved

between NHANES III and NHANES

1999–2004 as well. Data indicate that

mean periodontal recession, pocket

depth, and attachment loss among

seniors have all declined and this

decline was significant across all major

demographic subgroups. Furthermore,

the prevalence of periodontal disease

has decreased across most of the major

demographic subgroups for seniors.

Moderate or severe periodontitis has

declined for seniors, except for those

aged 75 years or older and living below

100% FPL (Figure 17). The percent of

adults reporting the condition of their

teeth and mouth to be ‘‘excellent/very

good’’ increased between 1988–1994

and 1999–2004; however, the percent of

all seniors having a dental visit within 1

year or less remained unchanged during

the same period.
Page 14 [ Series 11, No. 248 Mean DMFT NOTES: DMFT is decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

Filled 

Decayed 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

Total 1988–1994 1999–2004

Missing 

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

Years of age 

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 

1988– 64–74 64–74

1994 

1999– 

2004 

75 and 

over 75 and over 64–74 75 and 64–74 over 75 and over 64–74 75 and 64–74 over 75 and over 

Figure 13. Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) for seniors 65 years of age and older by age group and federal poverty

level: United States, 1998–1994 and 1999–2004

Healthy People 2010 Oral

Health Objectives

To assess progress toward national

oral health promotion goals for

Americans, there are 12 Healthy People

2010 subobjectives using NHANES

data. There are five subobjectives for

youths, three each for adolescents and

adults, and one for seniors. Each of

these subobjectives focuses on a more

narrow age range, and in some cases on

single years of age, compared with the

broader age ranges used for the four

life-stage categories in this report.

Estimates describing the prevalence

of dental caries among youths aged 2–4

years (objective 21–1a) indicate that

caries experience has increased between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004. This

increase is notable for males, for

non-Hispanic white persons, and for

youths living in households above twice

the FPL. The prevalence of untreated

decay for this age group (objective

21–2a) has increased only for

non-Hispanic white persons and for

youths living in households greater than

or equal to 200% FPL. There is no

change in the prevalence of dental caries

(objective 21–1b) and untreated tooth

decay (objective 21–2b) among youths

aged 6–8 years. Although estimates

suggest that the prevalence of dental

sealants on first molars among youths

aged 8 years (objective 21–8a) is

increasing, the difference is not

statistically significant. However, among

non-Hispanic black and MexicanAmerican persons, the documented

increase is significant.

Among adolescents aged 15 years,

estimates describing the prevalence of

dental caries (objective 21–1c) indicate

that caries experience may have

declined over the past decade but this

decline is only statistically significant

for non-Hispanic black adolescents.

Likewise, the prevalence of untreated

decay for 15-year-olds (objective 21–2c)

may have declined for most

demographic subgroups, but the results

are only statistically significant for

Mexican-American persons. Overall, the

prevalence of dental sealants on first

molars among 14-year-olds (objective

21–8b) has increased by approximately

5 percentage points.

For adults aged 35–44 years, the

prevalence of untreated dental decay

(objective 21–2d) remained unchanged

between the two survey periods.

However, non-Hispanic black adults

experienced a decrease in untreated

decay whereas Mexican American adults

experienced an increase in untreated

decay. The prevalence of 35–44 year

olds with no tooth loss due to dental

disease (objective 21–3) increased

across all major demographic subgroups.

Overall, the prevalence of destructive

periodontal disease among same-aged

persons (objective 21–5b) decreased

between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004.

This decrease was significant for most

major demographic subgroups except for

females, persons living between 100%

and 199% FPL, having less than high

school education, those former smokers,

and nonsmokers. Although estimates for

the prevalence of complete tooth loss

for seniors aged 65–74 years (objective

21–4) showed a decrease, the trend was

not significant between the two survey

periods for seniors overall.
Mean DMFS

NOTES: DMFS is decayed, missing, and filled dental surfaces. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Filled

Decayed

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL

Total 1988–1994 1999–2004

Missing

Years of age

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

1988– 64–74 64–74

1994

1999–

2004

75 and

over 75 andover 64–74 75 and 64–74 over 75 andover 64–74 75 and 64–74 over 75 and

over

0

20

40

60

80

100

Figure 14. Decayed, missing, and filled dental surfaces (DMFS) for seniors 65 years of age and older by age group and federal poverty

level: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 Percent pocket depth greater than or equal to 4 millimeters

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

1988–1994 1999–2004

65–74 75 and over 65–74 75 and over 65–74 75 and over

Total

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Years of age

Figure 15. Prevalence of pocket depth greater than or equal to 4 millimeters for seniors 65 years of age and older by age groups and

federal poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 15
Page 16 [ Series 11, No. 248

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. 

Percent attachment loss greater than

or equal to 3 millimeters 

1988–1994 1999–2004 

65–74 75 and over 65–74 75 and over 65–74 75 and over

Total 

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL 

Years of age 

0 

20 

40 

60 

80 

100 

Figure 16. Prevalence of attachment loss greater than or equal to 3 millimeters for seniors 65 years of age and older by age groups and

federal poverty level status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

Conclusion

For most Americans, oral health

status has improved since

1988–1994. Dental caries

continues to decrease in the permanent

dentition for youths, adolescents, and

most adults. Among seniors, the

prevalence of root caries decreased, but

there was no change in the prevalence

of coronal caries. However, the

prevalence of dental caries in the

primary dentition for youths aged 2–5

years increased from 1988–1994 to

1999–2004. The prevalence of dental

sealants among youths and adolescents

increased. Tooth retention and

periodontal health improved for both

adults and seniors; and edentulism

among seniors continued to decline.

Dental utilization (experiencing a dental

visit within the past 12 months)

remained unchanged between

1988–1994 and 1999–2004 for youths,

adolescents, and seniors; however,

dental utilization declined for most

adults.

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MT, Dye BA, Gooch BF, Griffin SO, et

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With understanding and improving

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Government Printing Office. 2000.

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K. Reducing the bias of probing depth

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NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. Percent moderate or severe periodontitis

1988–1994 1999–2004

65–74 75 and over 65–74 75 and over 65–74 75 and over

Total

Less than 100% FPL 100–200% FPL Greater than 200% FPL

Years of age

0

10

20

30

40

50

Figure 17. Prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis for seniors 65 years of age and older by age groups and federal poverty level

status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 17
Page 18 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 1. Comparison of sampling design characteristics for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and the National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

Characteristic NHANES III NHANES 1999–2004

Data collection year ............................... 1988–1994 1999–2004

Age of the target population .......................... 2 months and older From birth

Dental exam age................................. 1 year and older 2 years and older

Number of survey exam locations ...................... 89 87

Eligible geographical areas for sample ................... 50 states and the District of Columbia 50 states and the District of Columbia

Groups targeted for expanded sampling .................. Persons 2 months to less than 6 years; Persons 12–19 years; non-Hispanic black

non-Hispanic black and Mexican American and Mexican American persons; persons 60

persons; and persons 60 years and older years and older; and low-income white and

other persons1,2

1Low-income white persons were over sampled for NHANES 2000–2004.

2All women who indicated that they were pregnant at time of screening were included in the sample. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Table 2. Age eligibility for oral health assessments common to both the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

Assessment NHANES III NHANES 1999–2004

Exam

Tooth count ....................................

Coronal caries ..................................

Root caries and restorations..........................

Dental sealants..................................

Incisor trauma ..................................

Periodontal assessment1 ...........................

2 years and older

2 years and older

18 years and older

2 years and older

6–50 years

13 years and older

Age

2 years and older

2 years and older

18 years and older

2–34 years

6–29 years

13 years and older

Interview

Dental health perception and frequency of dental visits ......... 2 years and older 2 years and older

1Age of eligibility for the 1999–2000 periodontal assessment was 18 years and older.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 19

Table 3. Number of sampled persons 2 years of age or older participating in interview, MEC, and oral health examination for the National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey by selected demographics: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic HIQ MEC OHX HIQ MEC OHX

Age

2–5 years .....................................

6–8 years .....................................

9–11 years ....................................

12–15 years....................................

16–19 years....................................

20–34 years....................................

35–49 years....................................

50–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years or older.................................

4,815

1,690

1,777

1,755

1,686

5,675

4,496

3,402

2,542

2,710

4,529

1,601

1,685

1,652

1,559

5,246

4,172

3,063

2,164

1,928

4,352

1,580

1,660

1,619

1,526

5,126

4,065

2,982

2,084

1,871

2,735

1,717

1,672

3,646

3,559

4,131

3,708

3,144

2,085

2,264

2,584

1,648

1,607

3,545

3,435

3,901

3,536

2,966

1,942

1,868

2,379

1,598

1,573

3,406

3,249

3,593

3,250

2,777

1,816

1,723

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

14,566

15,982

13,174

14,425

12,829

14,036

13,890

14,771

13,151

13,881

12,411

12,953

Race and ethnicity1

Black, non-Hispanic ...............................

Mexican American ................................

White, non-Hispanic ...............................

Others including multi-racial ..........................

Other Hispanic ..................................

8,912

8,942

11,420

1,274

–

8,322

8,328

9,752

1,197

–

8,100

8,101

9,499

1,165

–

7,208

7,807

11,487

858

1,301

6,906

7,480

10,656

778

1,212

6,467

6,960

10,086

719

1,132

Poverty status2

Less than 100% FPL ..............................

100%–199% FPL ................................

Greater than 200% FPL ............................

8,097

7,622

11,763

7,626

6,930

10,534

7,430

6,767

10,265

6,744

6,990

12,254

6,491

6,654

11,564

6,096

6,236

10,948

Education3

Less than high school..............................

High school ....................................

More than high school .............................

18,947

5,958

5,357

17,286

5,354

4,798

6,531

4,899

4,587

14,690

4,224

6,946

13,967

3,943

6,501

4,138

3,130

5,821

Smoking history3

Current smoker..................................

Former smoker ..................................

Never smoked ..................................

4,990

4,807

10,235

4,485

4,142

9,077

4,173

3,994

7,960

3,301

4,089

7,905

3,107

3,780

7,304

2,844

3,545

6,750

Total ........................................ 30,548 27,599 26,865 28,661 27,032 25,364

– Quantity zero.

1RIDRETH2 is race and ethnicity variable.

2FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

3For sampled persons aged 20 years or older.

NOTES: HIQ is number of sampled persons completing a Home Interview Questionnaire; MEC is a Mobile Examination Center; and OHX is an Oral Health Examination.
Page 20 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 4. Weighted frequency distribution of persons with oral health examination information by age group for the National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

Age 1988–1994 1999–2004

Number in thousands

2–5 years .......................................... 15,133 14,504

6–8 years .......................................... 10,688 12,216

9–11 years ......................................... 11,444 11,692

12–15 years ........................................ 14,088 15,810

16–19 years ........................................ 13,724 15,252

20–34 years ........................................ 59,525 54,108

35–49 years ........................................ 52,319 60,472

50–64 years ........................................ 31,383 41,214

65–74 years ........................................ 17,657 17,847

75 years or older ..................................... 11,256 14,263

Table 5. Prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth (dft) among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

2–5 years ..................................... 24.23 1.32 27.90 1.29 †3.67

6–11 years .................................... 49.90 1.79 51.17 1.96 1.27

Sex

Male ........................................ 39.50 1.73 44.43 1.90 4.92

Female....................................... 40.24 1.44 39.80 1.79 –0.44

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 35.84 1.46 38.56 1.90 2.72

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 40.99 1.65 43.34 1.83 2.35

Mexican American ................................ 53.61 2.15 55.40 1.75 1.78

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 51.18 2.02 54.33 2.47 3.15

100%–199% FPL ................................ 44.50 1.94 48.75 2.43 4.24

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 31.10 1.74 32.30 1.62 1.20

Total ........................................ 39.97 1.16 42.17 1.44 2.20

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: dft is the number of decayed and filled primary teeth and FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 21

Table 6. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in primary teeth among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

2–5 years ..................................... 19.13 1.21 20.48 1.25 1.35

6–11 years .................................... 25.45 1.51 24.49 1.47 –0.96

Sex

Male ........................................ 23.02 1.18 24.16 1.66 1.13

Female....................................... 22.79 1.32 21.66 1.56 –1.13

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 18.15 1.28 19.47 1.70 1.32

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 28.10 1.57 27.58 1.66 –0.53

Mexican American ................................ 38.01 1.74 33.09 1.90 –4.92

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 37.39 2.07 32.52 1.78 –4.87

100%–199% FPL ................................ 25.95 1.63 28.40 2.52 2.45

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 13.70 1.03 15.01 1.13 1.30

Total ........................................ 23.01 1.04 22.94 1.19 –0.07

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 7. Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed and filled primary teeth among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

dft dt ft dft dt ft Difference

in

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard mean

Characteristic Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error dft

Age

2–5 years ............... 1.01 0.08 0.67 0.06 0.34 0.04 1.17 0.09 0.71 0.07 0.47 0.05 0.16

6–11 years ............... 1.62 0.08 0.56 0.04 1.06 0.06 1.84 0.08 0.58 0.04 1.26 0.06 0.22

Sex

Male................... 1.38 0.07 0.60 0.04 0.78 0.06 1.67 0.08 0.66 0.06 1.01 0.05 †0.29

Female ................. 1.39 0.07 0.60 0.05 0.79 0.05 1.48 0.09 0.59 0.05 0.89 0.06 0.09

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 1.15 0.06 0.44 0.05 0.71 0.04 1.46 0.10 0.53 0.06 0.93 0.05 †0.31

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 1.35 0.08 0.71 0.06 0.64 0.05 1.45 0.08 0.72 0.06 0.73 0.07 0.10

Mexican American .......... 2.05 0.11 1.15 0.08 0.90 0.07 2.18 0.10 0.90 0.06 1.28 0.08 0.13

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 1.94 0.11 1.08 0.09 0.86 0.08 2.34 0.16 1.01 0.09 1.33 0.11 †0.40

100%–199% FPL ........... 1.60 0.10 0.69 0.06 0.91 0.07 1.89 0.11 0.80 0.09 1.09 0.07 0.29

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 0.94 0.07 0.27 0.03 0.67 0.06 1.04 0.07 0.34 0.03 0.70 0.05 0.09

Total ................... 1.39 0.05 0.60 0.04 0.78 0.04 1.58 0.07 0.63 0.04 0.95 0.04 †0.19

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: dft is decayed and filled primary teeth, dt is decayed primary teeth, and ft is filled primary teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 22 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 8. Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed and filled primary tooth surfaces among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Difference

dfs ds fs dfs ds fs in mean

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Characteristic Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error ds fs

Age

2–5 years ............... 2.15 0.21 1.27 0.14 0.87 0.12 2.58 0.23 1.25 0.15 1.33 0.16 –0.02 †0.45

6–11 years ............... 3.45 0.16 1.14 0.09 2.31 0.13 4.30 0.24 0.98 0.09 3.32 0.21 –0.16 †1.01

Sex

Male................... 2.94 0.17 1.19 0.10 1.74 0.15 3.95 0.25 1.17 0.16 2.78 0.16 –0.02 †1.04

Female ................. 2.94 0.18 1.19 0.10 1.76 0.14 3.28 0.26 0.99 0.09 2.29 0.21 –0.19 †0.53

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 2.39 0.14 0.85 0.09 1.54 0.10 3.46 0.28 0.92 0.14 2.55 0.20 0.06 †1.01

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 2.87 0.23 1.37 0.13 1.49 0.17 3.02 0.20 1.22 0.12 1.80 0.19 –0.15 0.30

Mexican American .......... 4.50 0.27 2.32 0.21 2.17 0.17 4.72 0.27 1.47 0.11 3.25 0.22 †–0.86 †1.08

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 4.24 0.29 2.18 0.20 2.06 0.21 5.63 0.50 1.84 0.26 3.79 0.39 –0.34 †1.73

100%–199% FPL ........... 3.39 0.24 1.32 0.14 2.06 0.17 4.45 0.34 1.39 0.19 3.05 0.29 0.07 †0.99

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 1.98 0.15 0.52 0.06 1.46 0.13 2.28 0.19 0.53 0.06 1.75 0.17 0.01 0.29

Total ................... 2.94 0.12 1.19 0.08 1.75 0.10 3.63 0.19 1.08 0.10 2.55 0.14 –0.11 †0.80

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: dfs is decayed and filled surfaces in primary teeth, ds is decayed surfaces in primary teeth, fs is filled surfaces in primary teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 9. Contribution of decayed or filled surfaces to the number of decayed and filled surfaces among youths 2–11 years of age with at

least one decayed or filled surface in primary teeth, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Percent ds/dfs Percent fs/dfs Percent ds/dfs Percent fs/dfs

Standard Standard Standard Standard Difference

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error ds/dfs

Age

2–5 years ......................... 76.32 2.14 23.68 2.14 71.60 2.47 28.40 2.47 –4.73

6–11 years ........................ 36.13 1.99 63.88 1.99 32.26 1.81 67.75 1.81 –3.87

Sex

Male ............................ 53.66 1.78 46.34 1.78 47.13 2.30 52.88 2.30 †–6.53

Female........................... 49.67 2.21 50.34 2.21 47.83 1.84 52.17 1.84 –1.83

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................... 47.81 2.05 52.19 2.05 44.42 2.45 55.58 2.45 –3.39

Black, non-Hispanic ................... 61.88 2.18 38.13 2.18 57.13 2.77 42.87 2.77 –4.75

Mexican American .................... 61.48 2.05 38.52 2.05 49.34 2.30 50.68 2.30 †–12.15

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .................. 62.66 2.85 37.35 2.85 50.19 2.25 49.83 2.25 †–12.47

100%–199% FPL .................... 52.19 1.82 47.81 1.82 50.97 2.66 49.04 2.66 –1.22

Greater than 200% FPL ................ 38.65 2.86 61.35 2.86 43.25 2.57 56.75 2.57 4.60

Total ............................ 51.69 1.54 48.32 1.54 47.48 1.66 52.52 1.66 –4.20

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: ds is decayed surfaces in primary teeth, fs is filled surfaces in primary teeth, and dfs is decayed and filled surfaces in primary teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 23

Table 10. Prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) among youths 6–11 years of age, by selected characteristics: United

States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Difference

Age

6–8 years .....................................

9–11 years ....................................

14.48

35.90

1.55

2.35

10.16

31.36

1.01

1.48

†–4.31

–4.53

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

23.39

27.49

1.86

1.95

19.36

22.87

1.20

1.31

–4.03

–4.62

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ...............................

Black, non-Hispanic ...............................

Mexican American ................................

23.69

23.38

27.56

1.77

1.98

1.62

18.59

19.03

30.76

1.39

1.52

2.01

†–5.11

–4.35

3.20

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ..............................

100%–199% FPL ................................

Greater than 200% FPL ............................

28.00

29.89

22.28

3.02

3.03

1.93

28.28

24.09

16.31

2.28

2.14

1.33

0.27

–5.80

†–5.97

Total ........................................ 25.49 1.60 21.06 0.91 †–4.43

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 11. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among youths 6–11 years of age, by selected characteristics: United

States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Difference

Age

6–8 years .....................................

9–11 years ....................................

6.43

10.56

0.93

1.38

4.05

11.05

0.73

1.33

†–2.38

0.49

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

7.14

10.09

0.97

1.32

7.45

7.91

1.02

1.13

0.31

–2.17

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ...............................

Black, non-Hispanic ...............................

Mexican American ................................

6.16

13.09

12.93

0.97

1.30

1.65

5.56

8.55

12.71

1.16

1.01

1.07

–0.61

†–4.53

–0.22

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ..............................

100%–199% FPL ................................

Greater than 200% FPL ............................

13.75

10.58

5.29

1.75

1.66

1.18

11.76

11.94

3.57

1.74

1.95

0.66

–1.99

1.36

–1.72

Total ........................................ 8.55 0.92 7.65 0.85 –0.90

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 24 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 12. Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth among youths 6–11 years of age, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

DMFT DT FT DMFT DT FT

Difference

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard in mean

Characteristic Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error DMFT

Age

6–8 years ............... 0.24 0.03 0.08 0.01 0.16 0.02 0.19 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.13 0.02 –0.05

9–11 years ............... 0.86 0.06 0.20 0.03 0.66 0.05 0.69 0.04 0.19 0.02 0.50 0.03 †–0.16

Sex

Male................... 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.02 0.39 0.04 0.41 0.03 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.02 –0.11

Female ................. 0.59 0.05 0.16 0.03 0.43 0.04 0.49 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.34 0.03 –0.10

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 0.53 0.05 0.12 0.02 0.41 0.04 0.38 0.03 0.08 0.02 0.29 0.03 †–0.15

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 0.52 0.05 0.20 0.02 0.32 0.04 0.43 0.04 0.14 0.02 0.27 0.03 –0.09

Mexican American .......... 0.62 0.04 0.20 0.03 0.42 0.03 0.70 0.05 0.22 0.02 0.47 0.04 0.07

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 0.61 0.06 0.23 0.04 0.37 0.04 0.63 0.06 0.18 0.03 0.44 0.04 0.03

100%–199% FPL ........... 0.72 0.09 0.20 0.05 0.52 0.09 0.55 0.06 0.21 0.04 0.33 0.04 –0.18

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 0.47 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.39 0.04 0.32 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.26 0.03 †–0.15

Total ................... 0.56 0.04 0.14 0.02 0.41 0.03 0.45 0.02 0.12 0.02 0.32 0.02 †–0.11

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: DMFT is decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth; DT is decayed permanent teeth; and FT is filled permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 13. Mean number of decayed, filled, and decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth among youths 6–11 years of age, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

DMFS

1988–1994

DS FS DMFS

1999–2004

DS FS

Difference

in mean

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error DS FS

Age

6–8 years ...............

9–11 years ...............

0.33

1.32

0.04

0.11

0.10

0.25

0.01

0.05

0.22

1.04

0.03

0.09

0.29

1.06

0.04

0.06

0.07

0.26

0.02

0.04

0.19

0.76

0.02

0.05

–0.03

0.01

–0.03

†–0.28

Sex

Male...................

Female .................

0.77

0.90

0.08

0.08

0.17

0.18

0.04

0.03

0.58

0.69

0.06

0.07

0.61

0.76

0.05

0.06

0.15

0.20

0.02

0.03

0.45

0.52

0.04

0.05

–0.03

0.01

–0.14

–0.17

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic .........

Black, non-Hispanic .........

Mexican American ..........

0.80

0.81

0.98

0.08

0.08

0.07

0.15

0.26

0.24

0.04

0.02

0.03

0.62

0.54

0.72

0.07

0.07

0.06

0.55

0.70

1.12

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.10

0.21

0.30

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.42

0.43

0.81

0.04

0.06

0.07

–0.05

–0.05

0.06

†–0.21

–0.11

0.09

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........

100%–199% FPL ...........

Greater than 200% FPL .......

0.99

1.08

0.66

0.13

0.14

0.07

0.27

0.28

*

0.04

0.08

*

0.71

0.77

0.55

0.13

0.13

0.07

1.02

0.82

0.47

0.10

0.09

0.05

0.28

0.29

0.06

0.05

0.06

0.01

0.69

0.51

0.38

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.01

0.01

**

–0.02

–0.26

†–0.17

Total ................... 0.84 0.06 0.18 0.03 0.64 0.05 0.68 0.04 0.17 0.02 0.48 0.03 –0.01 †–0.16

† P-value < 0.05.

* CV is less than 30 percent.

** Difference could not be estimated because CV of one or more estimates is greater than 30 percent.

NOTES: DMFS is decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth; DS is decayed surfaces in permanent teeth; and FS is filled surfaces in permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold

or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 25

Table 14. Contribution of decayed or filled surfaces on the mean number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces among youths 6–11 years

of age with at least one decayed, missing or filled surface, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Percent DS/DMFS Percent FS/DMFS Percent DS/DMFS Percent FS/DMFS

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Difference

DS/DMFS

Age

6–8 years ...........................

9–11 years ...........................

44.42

24.34

4.98

2.77

52.69

74.72

4.89

2.98

36.11

28.90

6.47

3.30

61.97

69.92

6.57

3.30

–8.32

4.56

Sex

Male...............................

Female .............................

33.16

36.26

4.79

4.26

66.10

60.94

4.76

4.47

36.36

28.92

5.43

4.56

62.37

69.28

5.44

4.65

3.20

–7.34

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic .....................

Black, non-Hispanic .....................

Mexican American ......................

27.80

51.40

46.78

4.51

3.77

3.89

69.08

47.65

52.21

4.74

3.72

3.85

25.94

41.52

38.39

6.07

5.82

3.84

71.79

56.94

60.95

6.26

5.99

3.86

–1.86

–9.88

–8.39

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ....................

100%–199% FPL .......................

Greater than 200% FPL ...................

51.60

31.55

24.69

3.59

6.03

6.10

47.76

65.73

72.89

3.63

6.18

6.63

36.53

44.14

19.64

4.77

8.40

3.81

62.10

54.72

78.27

4.77

8.29

3.95

†–15.07

12.59

–5.05

Total ............................... 34.10 3.01 64.02 3.20 32.40 4.05 66.05 4.11 –1.70

† P-value < 0.05. * CV is less than 30 percent.

NOTES: DMFS is decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth; DS is decayed surfaces in permanent teeth; and FS is filled surfaces in permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold

or level.

Table 15. Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent teeth among youths 6–11 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

6–8 years ..................................... 14.41 2.65 20.28 1.66 5.87

9–11 years .................................... 28.62 2.75 40.12 2.27 †11.50

Sex

Male ........................................ 20.71 3.23 28.81 2.10 †8.10

Female....................................... 22.64 2.24 32.42 1.86 †9.77

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 26.48 3.14 36.06 2.32 †9.58

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 9.72 0.81 21.26 1.82 †11.54

Mexican American ................................ 10.99 1.59 24.22 2.27 †13.23

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 12.21 3.09 20.94 2.84 †8.74

100%–199% FPL ................................ 16.40 2.98 23.38 2.28 6.99

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 29.27 2.76 40.06 2.24 †10.79

Total ........................................ 21.71 2.36 30.48 1.71 †8.76

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 26 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 16. Mean number of permanent teeth with dental sealants among youths 6–11 years of age with at least one sealed tooth, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Difference

Standard Standard in mean

Characteristic Mean error Mean error teeth

Age

6–8 years ..................................... 3.22 0.17 3.37 0.08 0.15

9–11 years .................................... 3.54 0.11 3.39 0.09 –0.15

Sex

Male ........................................ 3.32 0.15 3.32 0.08 0.00

Female....................................... 3.40 0.13 3.44 0.09 0.04

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 3.43 0.11 3.44 0.09 0.00

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 3.31 0.21 3.32 0.10 0.01

Mexican American ................................ 2.93 0.17 3.14 0.10 0.21

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 3.21 0.21 3.10 0.11 –0.11

100%–199% FPL ................................ 2.91 0.15 3.30 0.14 0.39

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 3.54 0.08 3.45 0.09 –0.09

Total ........................................ 3.38 0.11 3.38 0.07 0.00

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 17. Mean number of permanent teeth sealed by tooth type among youths 6–11 years of age with at least one sealed tooth, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic

Pre

Mean

molar

Standard

error

1st molar

Mean

Standard

error

2nd

Mean

molar

Standard

error

Pre

Mean

molar

Standard

error

1st molar

Mean

Standard

error

2nd

Mean

molar

Standard

error

Age

6–8 years ....................... * * 3.22 0.17 – – – – 3.37 0.08 – –

9–11 years ...................... * * 3.25 0.10 0.58 0.15 0.30 0.08 3.12 0.07 0.14 0.04

Sex

Male .......................... * * 3.26 0.13 * * * * 3.23 0.07 * *

Female ........................ * * 3.18 0.13 * * * * 3.25 0.06 * *

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................ * * 3.30 0.11 * * * * 3.31 0.08 * *

Black, non-Hispanic ................ * * 3.00 0.13 * * 0.26 0.08 3.08 0.07 * *

Mexican American ................. * * 2.64 0.11 0.55 0.14 0.30 0.08 2.90 0.10 * *

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................ 0.27 0.06 2.98 0.16 0.94 0.26 0.25 0.07 2.87 0.11 * *

100%–199% FPL .................. * * 2.83 0.17 * * * * 3.15 0.11 * *

Greater than 200% FPL .............. * * 3.39 0.08 * * * * 3.34 0.07 * *

Total .......................... * * 3.23 0.10 0.58 0.15 0.18 0.05 3.24 0.06 0.10 0.03

* CV is less than 30 percent.

– Quantity zero.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 27

Table 18. Prevalence of trauma in permanent incisors, maxillary incisors, and mandibular incisors among youths 6–11 years of age, by

selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Overall Mandibular Maxillary Overall Mandibular Maxillary

incisal trauma incisal trauma incisal trauma incisal trauma incisal trauma incisal trauma Difference

overall

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard incisal

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error trauma

Age

6–8 years ............... 4.29 0.77 * * 4.01 0.75 2.92 0.48 * * 2.21 0.40 –1.37

9–11 years ............... 13.60 1.60 1.73 0.49 12.45 1.51 11.06 1.15 2.02 0.51 9.98 1.06 –2.54

Sex

Male................... 11.08 1.31 1.70 0.50 9.91 1.24 8.62 1.19 1.89 0.52 7.18 0.96 –2.46

Female ................. 7.10 1.16 * * 6.84 1.14 5.54 0.63 1.04 0.29 5.15 0.62 –1.56

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 9.05 1.17 * * 8.11 1.11 6.57 0.87 * * 5.94 0.80 –2.48

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 11.75 1.27 * * 11.50 1.25 10.13 1.16 1.61 0.39 9.18 1.09 –1.62

Mexican American .......... 7.03 1.15 * * 6.16 1.04 7.27 1.08 * * 5.87 0.89 0.24

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 8.44 1.24 * * 8.24 1.23 7.61 1.10 1.08 0.31 6.93 1.03 –0.83

100%–199% FPL ........... 8.72 2.00 * * 7.71 1.89 6.67 1.52 * * 5.46 1.19 –2.05

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 9.00 1.35 * * 8.12 1.34 7.08 1.04 * * 6.26 0.96 –1.92

Total ................... 9.08 0.91 1.06 0.27 8.35 0.86 7.11 0.70 1.45 0.31 6.21 0.59 –1.97

* CV is less than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 28 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 19. Time since last dental visit among youths 2–11 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994

Never 1 year or less 1–2 years 2–3 years 3–5 years More than 5 years

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

Age

2–5 years ............... 53.22 1.14 43.78 1.20 2.51 0.45 NA NA NA NA NA NA

6–11 years ............... 10.51 1.19 76.10 1.68 9.51 1.03 1.77 0.31 1.66 0.31 * *

Sex

Male................... 28.56 1.40 62.35 1.65 6.56 0.84 1.33 0.29 1.08 0.32 * *

Female ................. 25.56 0.95 64.85 1.29 6.95 0.88 1.06 0.23 1.13 0.32 * *

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 23.30 1.13 68.36 1.66 6.35 1.05 * * 0.93 0.24 * *

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 29.56 1.21 56.87 1.60 8.41 0.93 2.44 0.40 2.26 0.50 0.47 0.14

Mexican American .......... 38.59 1.67 51.07 2.19 5.97 0.54 2.61 0.53 1.48 0.34 * *

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 34.39 2.46 50.25 2.88 10.32 1.49 2.66 0.57 2.05 0.48 * *

100%–199% FPL ........... 31.24 1.61 57.31 2.17 7.99 1.60 0.87 0.24 1.80 0.38 * *

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 20.10 0.93 74.10 1.41 4.69 0.98 * * * * * *

Total ................... 27.04 0.97 63.59 1.30 6.80 0.71 1.19 0.20 1.10 0.19 * *

1999–2004 Different

in percent

Never 1 year or less 1–2 years 2–3 years 3–5 years More than 5 years with last

dental visit

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard within the

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error past year

Age

2–5 years ............... 49.00 1.28 45.84 1.37 4.08 0.68 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.06

6–11 years ............... 6.89 0.73 76.84 1.48 10.54 0.99 3.27 0.63 1.61 0.30 0.85 0.25 0.74

Sex

Male................... 23.62 0.88 64.06 1.53 8.32 1.01 2.15 0.45 1.26 0.31 * * 1.70

Female ................. 22.83 0.89 65.61 1.11 7.72 0.81 2.56 0.47 0.86 0.18 * * 0.76

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 22.75 0.96 67.28 1.61 6.94 0.96 * * * * * * –1.08

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 21.85 0.97 64.68 1.51 8.99 1.15 2.42 0.46 1.37 0.30 * * †7.81

Mexican American .......... 28.16 1.48 56.45 1.87 10.14 0.87 3.12 0.49 1.36 0.37 * * 5.37

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 26.22 1.40 57.17 2.12 10.28 1.30 2.68 0.38 2.30 0.52 * * 6.92

100%–199% FPL ........... 25.18 1.41 56.83 2.47 12.05 1.54 * * 1.23 0.34 * * –0.48

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 20.62 1.10 72.35 1.57 5.22 0.73 * * * * * * –1.75

Total ................... 23.19 0.69 64.84 1.21 8.04 0.68 2.35 0.40 1.06 0.19 0.52 0.16 1.25

NA is not applicable.

† P-value < 0.05.

* CV is less than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 29

Table 20. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–1a: Prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth among youths 2–4 years of age, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

18.36

18.63

1.44

1.62

25.92

21.34

2.03

1.75

†7.57

2.72

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ...............................

Black, non-Hispanic ...............................

Mexican American ................................

12.94

24.31

33.84

1.44

2.11

1.59

20.45

26.13

35.33

1.99

2.44

1.82

†7.52

1.82

1.49

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ..............................

100%–199% FPL ................................

Greater than 200% FPL ............................

28.61

21.01

10.08

2.20

1.91

1.40

34.07

27.61

14.54

2.56

3.35

1.51

5.46

6.61

†4.46

Total ........................................ 18.49 1.24 23.67 1.44 †5.18

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 21. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–1b: Prevalence of dental caries in primary or permanent teeth among youths 6–8 years of age,

by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

49.58

53.98

3.13

2.94

55.65

50.61

2.79

3.36

6.07

–3.37

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ...............................

Black, non-Hispanic ...............................

Mexican American ................................

48.50

49.41

63.85

2.51

2.25

3.13

48.92

56.12

68.53

3.56

2.05

2.82

0.43

†6.71

4.68

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ..............................

100%–199% FPL ................................

Greater than 200% FPL ............................

61.80

59.39

42.21

2.29

4.56

3.19

67.40

61.60

41.60

3.26

3.50

3.66

5.60

2.21

–0.61

Total ........................................ 51.62 1.96 53.20 2.49 1.59

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 30 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 22. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–2a: Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in primary teeth among youths 2–4 years of age, by

selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 16.25 1.35 20.06 1.94 3.81

Female....................................... 15.53 1.44 17.64 1.70 2.11

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 10.79 1.24 16.04 1.87 †5.25

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 21.99 1.98 20.39 2.40 –1.61

Mexican American ................................ 30.11 1.40 28.01 1.76 –2.10

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 25.79 2.34 28.36 2.25 2.57

100%–199% FPL ................................ 19.57 1.82 21.10 3.22 1.53

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 6.92 0.94 11.60 1.27 †4.67

Total ........................................ 15.90 1.44 18.87 1.70 2.97

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 23. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–2b: Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in primary or permanent teeth among youths 6–8 years

of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 25.37 2.20 30.29 2.76 4.93

Female....................................... 32.02 2.53 28.11 2.99 –3.92

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 22.37 2.24 25.02 3.41 2.65

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 35.12 1.63 37.38 1.96 2.26

Mexican American ................................ 47.16 3.20 40.57 2.64 –6.59

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 47.32 3.26 41.29 2.73 –6.03

100%–199% FPL ................................ 31.68 3.30 36.66 3.94 4.98

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 16.22 2.40 18.79 2.29 2.57

Total ........................................ 28.45 1.77 29.23 2.12 0.79

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 31

Table 24. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–8a: Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent first molars among youths 8 years of age, by

selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 22.05 5.92 32.17 3.64 10.12

Female....................................... 23.52 4.17 32.39 4.54 8.87

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 28.69 5.83 37.65 4.53 8.95

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 11.27 2.80 22.64 3.07 †11.37

Mexican American ................................ 9.78 2.36 19.44 3.71 †9.65

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. * * 21.03 5.33 **

100%–199% FPL ................................ 18.46 4.82 25.46 4.25 7.01

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 35.06 6.20 42.37 4.95 7.32

Total ........................................ 22.70 4.27 32.27 3.25 9.57

† P-value < 0.05.

* CV is less than 30 percent.

** Difference could not be estimated because CV of one or more estimates is greater than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 25. Prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics: United

States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

12–15 years.................................... 57.32 2.22 50.67 1.19 †-6.65

16–19 years.................................... 78.20 1.63 67.49 1.38 †–10.71

Sex

Male ........................................ 66.53 2.83 55.66 1.24 †–10.87

Female....................................... 68.93 1.67 62.74 1.29 †-6.19

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 68.15 2.22 58.08 1.55 †–10.07

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 62.93 2.10 54.36 1.66 †–8.57

Mexican American ................................ 68.53 2.19 64.49 1.53 –4.04

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 72.29 2.35 65.55 1.40 †–6.75

100%–199% FPL ................................ 69.16 2.66 64.40 1.51 –4.77

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 65.58 2.20 54.00 1.49 †–11.59

Total ........................................ 67.80 1.51 59.11 0.96 †-8.69

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level. DMFT is the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth.
Page 32 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 26. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

12–15 years.................................... 16.89 1.52 16.91 0.99 0.03

16–19 years.................................... 24.22 1.72 22.24 1.45 –1.98

Sex

Male ........................................ 19.98 1.30 19.89 1.22 –0.08

Female....................................... 21.02 1.74 19.31 1.30 –1.71

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 15.40 1.31 16.22 1.45 0.82

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 33.15 2.12 25.66 1.39 †–7.49

Mexican American ................................ 33.09 1.88 28.57 1.54 –4.52

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 33.90 2.61 27.15 1.99 †–6.75

100%–199% FPL ................................ 26.46 3.43 27.02 1.82 0.55

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 12.48 1.32 12.86 1.33 0.37

Total ........................................ 20.57 1.20 19.59 1.05 –0.98

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
missing, filled, and decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics:

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

DMFT DT MT FT DMFT DT MT FT

Difference

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard in mean

error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error DMFT

0.10 0.37 0.04 0.04 0.01 1.66 0.09 1.78 0.08 0.36 0.03 0.03 0.01 1.38 0.10 †–0.280.15 0.68 0.08 0.13 0.02 3.31 0.16 3.31 0.09 0.58 0.06 0.10 0.01 2.63 0.08 †–0.810.15 0.52 0.05 0.07 0.02 2.39 0.14 2.31 0.09 0.52 0.06 0.06 0.01 1.74 0.08 †–0.67

0.11 0.52 0.08 0.09 0.02 2.59 0.11 2.79 0.08 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.01 2.29 0.09 †–0.42

0.15 0.37 0.04 * * 2.59 0.14 2.54 0.10 0.42 0.06 0.06 0.01 2.06 0.11 †–0.47

0.13 0.84 0.05 0.19 0.03 1.77 0.09 2.20 0.10 0.56 0.04 0.09 0.01 1.55 0.10 †–0.600.16 0.78 0.06 0.09 0.01 2.19 0.16 2.82 0.13 0.63 0.05 0.06 0.01 2.12 0.13 –0.24

0.17 0.74 0.07 0.13 0.03 2.38 0.14 2.88 0.14 0.62 0.06 0.09 0.01 2.17 0.16 –0.370.23 0.83 0.20 0.08 0.02 2.69 0.21 2.81 0.12 0.70 0.09 0.09 0.02 2.02 0.11 †–0.790.15 0.27 0.04 * * 2.55 0.14 2.28 0.12 0.30 0.04 0.04 0.01 1.94 0.11 †–0.61

0.11 0.52 0.05 0.08 0.01 2.49 0.11 2.55 0.06 0.47 0.04 0.07 0.01 2.01 0.07 †–0.55

h, MT is number of permanent teeth missing due to disease, FT is number of filled permanent teeth, and DMFT is number of decayed, missing (due to disease), and filled permanent teeth. FPL is federal

Series11, No. 248[ Page 33
missing, filled, and decayed, missing and filled permanent surfaces among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics:

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004 Difference

in

DMFS DS MS FS DMFS DS MS FS mean

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error DS FS

0.16 0.52 0.05 0.18 0.05 2.60 0.15 2.85 0.15 0.50 0.05 0.17 0.03 2.19 0.17 –0.02 –0.41

0.30 1.15 0.15 0.63 0.10 5.23 0.29 5.79 0.19 0.87 0.10 0.50 0.06 4.41 0.18 –0.27 †–0.82

0.26 0.83 0.09 0.35 0.08 3.72 0.23 3.92 0.19 0.77 0.09 0.30 0.04 2.84 0.15 –0.06 †–0.88

0.22 0.83 0.15 0.47 0.09 4.11 0.20 4.74 0.16 0.60 0.06 0.37 0.05 3.77 0.18 –0.23 –0.34

0.27 0.55 0.07 * * 4.05 0.25 4.32 0.20 0.62 0.09 0.28 0.05 3.42 0.20 0.07 †–0.630.31 1.54 0.14 0.95 0.14 2.75 0.14 3.88 0.18 0.89 0.07 0.46 0.06 2.54 0.16 †–0.66 –0.22

0.28 1.16 0.11 0.44 0.06 3.67 0.27 4.69 0.23 0.87 0.07 0.32 0.03 3.51 0.22 †–0.29 –0.16

0.34 1.13 0.12 0.66 0.13 3.91 0.25 4.99 0.30 0.89 0.09 0.44 0.07 3.66 0.31 –0.24 –0.25

0.43 1.41 0.37 0.41 0.08 4.13 0.29 4.88 0.25 1.03 0.15 0.44 0.08 3.41 0.19 –0.38 †–0.72

0.26 0.40 0.06 * * 4.01 0.27 3.75 0.23 0.43 0.07 0.18 0.03 3.14 0.20 0.03 †–0.87

0.20 0.83 0.09 0.41 0.07 3.92 0.18 4.33 0.13 0.69 0.06 0.34 0.04 3.30 0.14 –0.15 †–0.62

manent teeth, MS is number of surfaces that are missing because permanent teeth were extracted due to disease, FS is number of filled surfaces in permanent teeth, and DMFS is number of decayed,

L is federal poverty threshold or level.

Page 34[ Series11, No. 248
missing, or filled surfaces on the mean number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces among adolescents 12–19 years of age with at least one

by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

cent DS/DMFS Percent MS/DMFS Percent FS/DMFS Percent DS/DMFS Percent MS/DMFS Percent FS/DMFS

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Difference

nt error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error DS/DMFS

2 1.59 2.12 0.48 78.97 1.74 22.60 1.61 2.78 0.57 74.63 1.85 3.67

3 1.36 4.78 0.73 80.60 1.63 18.35 1.30 4.94 0.55 76.73 1.48 3.72

0 1.46 2.71 0.54 79.91 1.65 22.97 1.35 3.73 0.57 73.31 1.55 †5.585 1.83 4.21 0.75 79.55 2.12 18.23 1.39 3.94 0.52 77.85 1.69 1.98

5 1.17 * * 86.86 1.44 16.61 1.72 3.17 0.67 80.24 2.14 †5.65

0 1.86 8.81 1.21 55.81 2.03 30.19 1.70 5.66 0.74 64.16 2.09 †–5.215 2.05 4.45 0.52 63.82 2.27 28.25 1.98 3.99 0.43 67.77 2.04 –3.50

6 2.08 5.18 0.72 67.69 2.34 27.61 2.02 4.78 0.61 67.64 2.06 0.45

8 3.42 3.93 0.73 73.60 3.48 25.06 2.09 4.89 1.08 70.08 2.42 2.58

3 1.33 * * 88.39 1.78 14.19 1.43 2.30 0.38 83.52 1.69 †5.16

7 1.14 3.46 0.56 79.79 1.40 20.47 1.18 3.86 0.47 75.69 1.43 †3.70

manent teeth, MS is number of surfaces that are missing because permanent teeth were extracted due to disease, FS is number of filled surfaces in permanent teeth, and DMFS is number of decayed,

L is federal poverty threshold or level.

Series11, No. 248[ Page 35
Page 36 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 30. Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent teeth among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

12–15 years.................................... 22.84 2.59 41.04 1.83 †18.20

16–19 years.................................... 13.25 1.60 34.28 1.70 †21.03

Sex

Male ........................................ 14.82 1.47 36.43 1.65 †21.61

Female....................................... 21.41 2.66 38.93 1.51 †17.51

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 22.57 2.34 43.90 1.81 †21.33

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 7.97 1.27 25.68 2.01 †17.71

Mexican American ................................ 8.16 1.07 27.23 2.34 †19.07

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 11.50 1.59 28.76 2.37 †17.26

100%–199% FPL ................................ 8.03 1.76 30.64 2.04 †22.61

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 25.74 2.40 45.45 1.84 †19.71

Total ........................................ 18.03 1.69 37.65 1.47 †19.62

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 31. Mean number of permanent teeth with dental sealants among adolescents 12–19 years of age with at least one sealed tooth, by

selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Difference

Standard Standard in mean

Characteristic Mean error Mean error teeth

Age

12–15 years.................................... 5.43 0.42 4.86 0.14 –0.57

16–19 years.................................... 5.47 0.58 5.32 0.20 –0.16

Sex

Male ........................................ 5.19 0.46 4.97 0.15 –0.22

Female....................................... 5.59 0.41 5.18 0.16 –0.41

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 5.44 0.43 5.09 0.16 –0.34

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 5.54 0.40 4.56 0.23 †–0.98

Mexican American ................................ 5.34 0.44 4.97 0.24 –0.36

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 4.65 0.67 5.03 0.23 0.38

100%–199% FPL ................................ 4.89 0.32 5.18 0.37 0.30

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 5.66 0.38 5.06 0.15 –0.60

Total ........................................ 5.45 0.37 5.09 0.13 –0.36

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 37

Table 32. Mean number of permanent teeth sealed by tooth type among adolescents 12–19 years of age with at least one sealed tooth, by

selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Premolar 1st molar 2nd molar Premolar 1st molar 2nd molar

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Characteristic Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error Mean error

Age

12–15 years ..................... 1.18 0.26 2.60 0.12 1.74 0.13 0.71 0.09 2.76 0.07 1.45 0.08

16–19 years ..................... 1.48 0.36 1.85 0.25 2.16 0.19 1.14 0.14 2.29 0.06 1.85 0.08

Sex

Male .......................... 1.06 0.30 2.23 0.15 1.95 0.18 0.78 0.09 2.63 0.06 1.57 0.08

Female ........................ 1.47 0.29 2.25 0.17 1.93 0.14 1.07 0.13 2.42 0.06 1.71 0.08

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................ 1.31 0.29 2.18 0.17 2.02 0.13 0.79 0.12 2.60 0.06 1.72 0.06

Black, non-Hispanic ................ 1.46 0.32 2.14 0.17 1.95 0.17 1.13 0.21 2.22 0.08 1.24 0.08

Mexican American ................. 1.46 0.28 2.15 0.18 1.76 0.17 1.22 0.17 2.26 0.07 1.50 0.09

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................ * * 1.83 0.18 1.72 0.20 1.20 0.16 2.31 0.12 1.53 0.10

100%–199% FPL .................. * * 2.52 0.11 1.69 0.13 1.25 0.26 2.37 0.09 1.60 0.12

Greater than 200% FPL .............. 1.47 0.31 2.22 0.13 2.02 0.14 0.72 0.07 2.63 0.06 1.70 0.07

Total .......................... 1.33 0.25 2.22 0.14 1.95 0.11 0.93 0.10 2.53 0.05 1.65 0.06

* CV is more than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 33. Prevalence of trauma in permanent incisors, maxillary incisors, and mandibular incisors among adolescents 12–19 years of age,

by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Overall Mandibular Maxillary Overall Mandibula Maxillary Difference

incisal trauma incisal trauma incisal trauma incisal trauma incisal traumar incisal trauma in percent

overall

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard incisal

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error trauma

Age

12–15 years .............. 17.27 1.52 3.57 0.62 15.79 1.56 17.79 0.87 3.45 0.49 16.08 0.91 0.51

16–19 years .............. 21.92 1.62 4.43 0.83 20.88 1.61 22.51 1.25 4.63 0.63 20.50 1.21 0.59

Sex

Male................... 25.22 1.80 6.87 0.88 23.36 1.90 24.64 1.36 5.60 0.73 22.28 1.38 –0.58

Female ................. 13.95 1.19 1.14 0.29 13.31 1.16 15.53 0.97 2.41 0.44 14.19 0.83 1.59

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 21.19 1.44 4.54 0.71 19.82 1.48 20.34 1.11 4.77 0.65 18.12 1.11 –0.85

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 19.34 1.07 2.81 0.58 18.35 1.05 19.76 1.21 2.44 0.44 18.57 1.18 0.43

Mexican American .......... 18.64 1.50 4.75 0.79 17.24 1.29 17.93 0.99 3.68 0.44 16.36 1.07 –0.71

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 21.51 2.26 4.25 0.89 20.67 2.28 22.71 2.26 4.16 0.68 20.79 2.32 1.19

100%–199% FPL ........... 15.38 2.21 * * 14.32 2.05 20.77 1.61 3.91 0.71 18.75 1.66 5.39

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 20.67 1.46 4.79 0.85 19.22 1.45 19.26 1.17 4.39 0.59 17.34 1.11 –1.40

Total ................... 19.60 1.04 4.00 0.52 18.34 1.08 20.16 0.94 4.04 0.43 18.30 0.92 0.55

* CV is more than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
s among adolescents 12–19 years of age with at least one traumatized tooth, by incisal trauma type and age: United States, National Health

988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

restored

acture inenamel

Unrestored

fracture in

dentin

Endotrauma

(has or needs

endodontic treatment)

Restored

fracture

Unrestored

fracture in

enamel

Unrestored

fracture in

dentin

Endotrauma

(has or needs

endodontic treatment)

Restored

fracture

t

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

1.13 6.10 1.09 * * 3.13 0.69 12.41 0.78 1.28 0.29 0.65 0.19 5.22 0.521.66 5.02 0.86 2.24 0.64 7.44 0.98 14.17 1.01 2.14 0.34 2.15 0.55 6.02 0.531.60 7.92 1.16 2.77 0.75 6.80 1.02 16.47 1.01 2.65 0.35 1.90 0.52 6.33 0.551.16 3.19 0.64 * * 3.74 0.65 10.00 0.96 0.77 0.20 0.89 0.22 4.89 0.51

1.32 5.39 0.93 * * 6.46 0.93 13.11 1.05 1.68 0.34 1.30 0.31 6.51 0.650.93 7.37 0.87 1.52 0.42 3.14 0.52 13.56 1.18 2.64 0.45 1.38 0.26 3.57 0.481.48 7.02 1.36 * * 2.79 0.66 13.30 0.86 1.66 0.26 0.67 0.15 3.43 0.471.94 10.17 1.62 * * 3.42 0.99 16.18 1.88 1.20 0.29 1.85 0.51 5.10 0.88

1.58 5.31 1.06 * * 2.75 0.79 13.72 1.35 2.75 0.66 * * 5.78 1.021.44 3.65 0.78 2.15 0.57 7.15 1.13 12.46 1.09 1.51 0.32 * * 5.72 0.551.01 5.56 0.66 1.60 0.40 5.29 0.64 13.29 0.80 1.71 0.21 1.41 0.28 5.62 0.42

Page 38[ Series11, No. 248
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 39

Table 35. Time since last dental visit among adolescents 12–19 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994

Never 1 year or less 1–2 years 2–3 years 3–5 years More than 5 years

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Age

12–15 years .............. 4.96 0.76 77.94 1.76 8.42 0.93 3.43 0.68 2.97 0.62 2.29 0.57

16–19 years .............. 4.54 0.80 70.00 2.12 11.25 1.22 4.67 1.00 5.80 0.92 3.75 0.74

Sex

Male................... 4.66 0.52 72.53 1.75 9.88 1.02 4.83 0.98 4.41 0.91 3.69 0.77

Female ................. 4.82 0.78 75.20 1.71 9.85 1.07 3.27 0.59 4.45 0.64 2.41 0.50

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 3.31 0.66 79.50 1.71 8.43 1.04 2.36 0.63 3.62 0.69 2.79 0.82

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 6.42 0.77 65.37 2.43 13.25 1.26 5.27 0.60 5.53 0.93 4.16 0.79

Mexican American .......... 14.67 1.23 52.26 2.39 11.91 1.07 8.97 1.81 5.73 0.58 6.46 0.90

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 9.73 1.09 59.09 2.69 15.84 1.87 5.49 0.76 5.18 1.06 4.66 1.07

100%–199% FPL ........... 5.60 1.19 66.81 2.58 13.19 1.50 3.52 1.00 6.59 1.57 4.29 1.12

Greater than 200% FPL ....... * * 84.27 1.83 5.58 1.14 3.72 0.90 2.90 0.82 * *

Total ................... 4.74 0.51 73.95 1.41 9.84 0.85 4.05 0.61 4.39 0.52 3.02 0.53

1999–2004

Different

Never 1 year or less 1–2 years 2–3 years 3–5 years More than 5 years in percent

with last

dental visit

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard within the

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error past year

Age

12–15 years .............. 2.38 0.36 76.80 1.08 11.02 0.64 4.12 0.52 3.13 0.37 2.54 0.45 –1.14

16–19 years .............. 2.69 0.35 68.50 1.43 13.14 0.80 6.37 0.49 4.35 0.37 4.96 0.59 –1.50

Sex

Male................... 2.70 0.37 70.66 1.54 12.18 0.82 6.04 0.64 4.15 0.44 4.27 0.51 –1.88

Female ................. 2.37 0.30 74.64 1.19 11.98 0.69 4.40 0.47 3.32 0.30 3.29 0.43 –0.56

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 0.88 0.26 78.73 1.73 11.27 0.91 4.24 0.62 2.32 0.42 2.55 0.47 –0.77

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 3.27 0.60 65.29 1.54 14.07 0.90 6.41 0.63 5.96 0.55 5.01 0.64 –0.09

Mexican American .......... 10.64 1.02 54.82 2.11 13.50 0.80 7.84 0.56 6.58 0.59 6.63 0.66 2.56

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 4.08 0.73 61.78 2.17 15.91 1.17 6.95 0.77 5.54 0.68 5.74 0.98 2.69

100%–199% FPL ........... 4.54 0.69 61.63 2.15 15.08 1.65 9.02 1.33 4.57 0.74 5.16 0.92 –5.18

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 0.91 0.20 82.13 1.47 9.10 0.79 3.26 0.53 2.21 0.48 2.39 0.46 –2.14

Total ................... 2.54 0.27 72.63 1.12 12.08 0.54 5.25 0.43 3.74 0.29 3.76 0.38 –1.32

* CV is more than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 40 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 36. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–1c: Prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth among adolescents 15 years of age, by

selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 59.73 6.85 52.74 3.34 –6.98

Female....................................... 62.53 5.81 60.11 3.30 –2.43

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 61.09 6.55 55.59 3.67 –5.51

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 67.67 3.98 52.89 4.14 †–14.78

Mexican American ................................ 64.36 4.31 58.03 3.73 –6.33

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 76.28 7.18 66.60 4.39 –9.68

100%–199% FPL ................................ 69.02 8.50 57.93 5.74 –11.09

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 51.14 6.47 52.36 3.28 1.22

Total ........................................ 61.20 4.58 56.11 3.30 –5.10

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.

Table 37. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–2c: Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among adolescents 15 years of

age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 16.89 3.59 18.56 2.70 1.67

Female....................................... 22.35 4.12 17.77 2.70 –4.57

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 17.77 4.54 15.27 2.89 –2.50

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 27.48 5.30 25.01 3.03 –2.47

Mexican American ................................ 36.48 3.36 21.03 2.96 †–15.45

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 20.11 4.24 31.07 6.28 10.97

100%–199% FPL ................................ 28.09 6.23 24.17 5.52 –3.93

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 15.68 4.52 11.80 1.88 –3.88

Total ........................................ 19.76 3.16 18.20 2.05 –1.56

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 41

Table 38. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–8b: Prevalence of dental sealants on permanent first molars among adolescents 14 years of

age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 16.10 5.04 23.78 3.20 7.68

Female....................................... 14.26 4.29 17.62 2.96 3.36

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 19.00 4.90 22.70 3.38 3.70

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... * * 10.08 1.88 **

Mexican American ................................ * * 18.36 3.34 **

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. * * 12.98 4.11 **

100%–199% FPL ................................ * * 16.31 4.00 **

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 25.72 6.22 24.78 3.28 –0.94

Total ........................................ 15.17 3.39 20.54 2.56 5.37

* CV is more than 30 percent.

** Difference could not be estimated because CV of one or more estimates is greater than 30 percent.

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: Both 1st and 2nd molars present with at least one sealed. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
th and mouth among adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination,

1988–1994 1999–2004

cellent or Excellent or Difference

ry good Good Fair Poor very good Good Fair Poor in percent

excellent

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard or

t error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error very good

1.26 34.37 0.87 21.85 0.96 9.10 0.65 26.01 0.90 37.60 1.02 26.27 0.75 10.12 0.75 †–8.67

1.53 37.40 1.33 21.90 1.02 10.83 0.77 26.35 1.38 35.06 1.20 24.06 1.20 14.53 0.81 –3.52

1.37 37.96 1.91 23.02 1.29 16.38 1.08 23.73 1.11 33.74 1.34 26.09 1.28 16.45 0.99 1.08

0.99 36.36 1.30 22.82 0.99 11.29 0.77 23.08 0.95 36.33 1.05 26.67 0.99 13.92 0.75 †–6.44

1.18 36.61 0.90 21.54 0.90 11.97 0.69 28.00 1.05 34.87 0.78 24.03 0.81 13.10 0.57 –1.88

1.08 37.08 1.07 19.09 0.95 10.26 0.68 29.63 1.12 36.45 0.92 22.02 0.91 11.90 0.74 †–3.94

0.69 32.31 0.85 31.19 1.03 17.20 0.85 17.43 1.10 32.29 1.26 31.97 1.24 18.31 1.34 –1.86

0.90 29.66 1.18 36.05 1.27 19.27 0.69 11.44 0.84 30.83 1.27 38.11 1.35 19.62 1.33 †–3.581.44 29.29 1.59 31.47 2.02 24.28 2.03 13.84 0.85 26.24 1.65 31.42 1.40 28.50 1.43 –1.12

1.40 33.94 1.53 29.46 1.55 19.03 1.16 13.62 1.14 28.63 1.47 33.07 1.29 24.68 1.36 †–3.94

1.00 37.75 1.06 18.06 0.92 8.17 0.62 30.64 1.08 39.05 0.90 21.72 0.86 8.59 0.52 †–5.39

0.99 31.38 1.30 31.93 1.27 24.11 1.22 11.99 0.99 25.70 0.98 33.98 0.98 28.33 1.46 –0.59

1.34 37.58 1.27 24.71 1.35 13.04 0.83 17.05 0.96 35.10 1.27 30.14 1.27 17.71 1.06 †–7.62

1.33 37.89 1.32 16.33 0.83 5.43 0.47 33.13 1.03 38.65 0.91 20.71 0.89 7.51 0.42 †–7.221.04 32.40 1.52 27.19 1.29 21.15 1.31 14.03 0.93 30.53 1.08 30.03 1.17 25.41 1.05 †–5.23

1.74 38.69 1.75 19.35 1.11 8.34 0.76 26.25 1.59 38.32 1.53 24.36 1.62 11.08 1.06 †–7.38

1.21 37.90 1.10 20.26 0.92 7.57 0.59 30.93 1.05 37.26 0.91 23.20 0.76 8.60 0.55 †–3.34

0.91 36.50 0.88 22.17 0.79 11.65 0.57 25.56 0.80 35.60 0.71 25.34 0.76 13.50 0.56 †–4.12

Page 42[ Series11, No. 248
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 43

Table 40. Prevalence of caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United

States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

20–34 years.................................... 92.09 0.66 85.58 0.77 †–6.51

35–49 years.................................... 95.96 0.43 94.30 0.52 †–1.66

50–64 years.................................... 95.85 0.57 95.62 0.38 –0.24

Sex

Male ........................................ 93.52 0.51 90.57 0.59 †–2.95

Female....................................... 95.62 0.26 92.66 0.47 †–2.96

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 96.42 0.30 93.49 0.38 †–2.93

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 89.75 0.53 87.51 0.73 †–2.24

Mexican American ................................ 87.00 0.72 82.97 1.59 †–4.04

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 88.05 1.09 88.69 1.01 0.64

100%–199% FPL ................................ 92.57 0.86 88.91 0.93 †–3.67

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 96.28 0.33 93.05 0.48 †–3.23

Education

Less than high school.............................. 89.35 0.65 85.93 0.90 †–3.43

High school .................................... 96.01 0.44 92.38 0.75 †–3.63

More than high school ............................. 95.83 0.39 92.91 0.41 †–2.92

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 93.84 0.59 91.48 0.65 †–2.36

Former smoker .................................. 95.29 0.72 92.83 0.86 †–2.46

Never smoked .................................. 94.63 0.46 91.19 0.47 †–3.44

Total ........................................ 94.60 0.29 91.63 0.38 †–2.96

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: DMFT is the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 44 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 41. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

20–34 years.................................... 31.19 1.25 27.88 1.44 –3.31

35–49 years.................................... 26.26 1.28 25.56 1.27 –0.70

50–64 years.................................... 25.90 1.68 22.14 1.29 –3.75

Sex

Male ........................................ 30.98 1.16 28.10 1.29 –2.88

Female....................................... 24.94 1.27 22.96 0.93 –1.99

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 23.58 1.26 20.84 1.44 –2.74

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 47.91 1.48 40.45 1.74 †–7.45

Mexican American ................................ 39.66 1.11 38.35 2.48 –1.31

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 48.74 2.31 43.88 1.96 –4.86

100%–199% FPL ................................ 43.40 1.86 39.31 1.53 –4.10

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 19.61 1.04 17.97 0.89 –1.65

Education

Less than high school.............................. 48.96 1.49 45.20 1.87 –3.76

High school .................................... 32.89 1.73 33.03 1.59 0.14

More than high school ............................. 15.58 1.01 16.48 0.75 0.90

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 40.05 1.66 39.26 1.63 –0.78

Former smoker .................................. 21.47 1.51 19.67 1.64 –1.80

Never smoked .................................. 23.24 1.46 20.56 0.90 –2.68

Total ........................................ 27.86 1.10 25.49 1.02 –2.38

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 45

Table 42. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, decayed and filled teeth, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth in permanent teeth of

dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004

1988–1994

DMFT DFT DT MT FT

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error

Age

20–34 years .....................

35–49 years .....................

50–64 years .....................

8.08

13.46

17.12

0.18

0.19

0.19

7.04

9.99

9.82

0.16

0.20

0.20

0.94

0.72

0.65

0.05

0.05

0.05

1.04

3.47

7.30

0.07

0.17

0.22

6.10

9.27

9.18

0.17

0.22

0.23

Sex

Male ..........................

Female ........................

12.00

13.05

0.16

0.16

8.52

9.32

0.16

0.16

0.89

0.67

0.05

0.04

3.49

3.72

0.11

0.14

7.62

8.65

0.17

0.19

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................

Black, non-Hispanic ................

Mexican American .................

13.04

11.61

9.03

0.17

0.12

0.16

9.79

5.88

6.11

0.16

0.11

0.13

0.66

1.46

1.14

0.04

0.06

0.04

3.25

5.72

2.92

0.14

0.14

0.08

9.13

4.42

4.98

0.18

0.15

0.13

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................

100%–199% FPL ..................

Greater than 200% FPL ..............

11.67

12.30

12.75

0.21

0.24

0.17

6.52

7.26

9.74

0.28

0.20

0.15

1.76

1.32

0.47

0.18

0.07

0.03

5.15

5.04

3.02

0.26

0.18

0.12

4.76

5.95

9.26

0.28

0.21

0.15

Education

Less than high school ...............

High school......................

More than high school ...............

12.27

13.10

12.24

0.27

0.21

0.16

6.26

8.85

10.12

0.19

0.17

0.15

1.65

0.89

0.34

0.10

0.06

0.03

6.01

4.24

2.12

0.22

0.14

0.11

4.61

7.97

9.78

0.19

0.20

0.15

Smoking history

Current smoker ...................

Former smoker ...................

Never smoked ....................

13.41

12.92

11.83

0.20

0.21

0.19

8.28

9.51

9.04

0.18

0.23

0.19

1.26

0.50

0.60

0.07

0.03

0.05

5.13

3.41

2.80

0.19

0.19

0.10

7.02

9.01

8.44

0.20

0.23

0.21

Total .......................... 12.54 0.15 8.93 0.14 0.78 0.04 3.61 0.11 8.15 0.16

DMFT DFT

1999–2004

DT MT FT

Difference

in

mean

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error DMFT DFT

Age

20–34 years .....................

35–49 years .....................

50–64 years .....................

6.16

10.91

15.05

0.16

0.14

0.21

5.54

8.53

9.75

0.13

0.13

0.17

0.93

0.75

0.55

0.08

0.05

0.04

0.62

2.39

5.30

0.05

0.11

0.22

4.61

7.78

9.20

0.13

0.15

0.19

†–1.92

†–2.54

†–2.07

†–1.50

†–1.46

†–1.12

Sex

Male ..........................

Female ........................

9.95

10.70

0.16

0.13

7.46

8.14

0.12

0.11

0.87

0.65

0.07

0.04

2.49

2.56

0.13

0.08

6.59

7.49

0.12

0.13

†–2.05

†–2.34

†–1.05

†–1.18

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................

Black, non-Hispanic ................

Mexican American .................

10.67

9.78

8.07

0.16

0.16

0.20

8.49

5.67

5.66

0.12

0.13

0.20

0.68

1.12

0.99

0.07

0.08

0.11

2.17

4.11

2.42

0.13

0.13

0.08

7.82

4.55

4.67

0.15

0.14

0.23

†–2.37

†–1.83

†–0.96

†–1.30

–0.21

–0.45

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................

100%–199% FPL ..................

Greater than 200% FPL ..............

10.22

10.55

10.30

0.24

0.25

0.13

6.07

6.57

8.35

0.20

0.16

0.12

1.51

1.24

0.48

0.11

0.10

0.04

4.15

3.98

1.95

0.19

0.19

0.08

4.56

5.32

7.87

0.20

0.16

0.13

†–1.45

†–1.75

†–2.45

–0.45

†–0.69

†–1.38

Education

Less than high school ...............

High school......................

More than high school ...............

10.43

10.82

10.10

0.22

0.26

0.10

5.80

7.58

8.45

0.17

0.21

0.10

1.58

1.00

0.41

0.12

0.09

0.03

4.63

3.24

1.65

0.18

0.16

0.07

4.22

6.58

8.04

0.18

0.20

0.11

†–1.84

†–2.28

†–2.13

–0.46

†–1.27

†–1.67

Smoking history

Current smoker ...................

Former smoker ...................

Never smoked ....................

11.44

10.55

9.65

0.21

0.20

0.11

7.33

8.26

7.82

0.14

0.17

0.11

1.42

0.53

0.51

0.11

0.07

0.03

4.12

2.30

1.83

0.14

0.13

0.09

5.90

7.73

7.31

0.15

0.16

0.12

†–1.97

†–2.36

†–2.18

†–0.95

†–1.25

†–1.22

Total .......................... 10.33 0.13 7.81 0.10 0.76 0.05 2.52 0.09 7.05 0.11 †–2.21 †–1.12

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: DMFT is number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth, DFT is number of decayed and filled permanent teeth, DT is number of decayed permanent teeth, MT is number of

permanent teeth missing due to disease, and FT is number of filled permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 46 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 43. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, decayed and filled, and decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth of

dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

and 1999–2004

1988–1994

DMFS DFS DS MS FS

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error

Age

20–34 years .....................

35–49 years .....................

50–64 years .....................

18.94

41.94

64.23

0.53

0.81

0.91

13.87

25.21

29.37

0.41

0.72

0.81

1.91

1.73

1.54

0.13

0.16

0.13

5.07

16.74

34.85

0.32

0.78

1.03

11.96

23.48

27.84

0.42

0.76

0.83

Sex

Male ..........................

Female ........................

38.02

41.29

0.61

0.66

21.26

23.40

0.51

0.59

2.05

1.46

0.14

0.10

16.76

17.89

0.53

0.68

19.21

21.95

0.52

0.65

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................

Black, non-Hispanic ................

Mexican American .................

40.47

40.82

28.39

0.66

0.63

0.54

24.87

13.32

14.26

0.58

0.26

0.34

1.42

3.53

2.63

0.10

0.20

0.11

15.60

27.50

14.13

0.67

0.67

0.38

23.45

9.78

11.63

0.62

0.32

0.36

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................

100%–199% FPL ..................

Greater than 200% FPL ..............

39.70

41.34

39.20

0.90

1.01

0.66

15.11

17.15

24.68

0.89

0.62

0.55

4.35

2.99

1.00

0.60

0.20

0.09

24.59

24.19

14.51

1.22

0.85

0.58

10.76

14.17

23.68

0.81

0.64

0.56

Education

Less than high school ...............

High school......................

More than high school ...............

43.49

42.43

36.20

1.15

0.87

0.66

14.78

22.02

25.96

0.58

0.65

0.53

3.92

1.92

0.73

0.35

0.14

0.07

28.71

20.41

10.25

1.03

0.66

0.53

10.86

20.09

25.23

0.51

0.68

0.54

Smoking history

Current smoker ...................

Former smoker ...................

Never smoked ....................

45.31

40.77

35.72

0.82

0.80

0.70

20.77

24.37

22.22

0.64

0.75

0.65

2.99

0.98

1.31

0.24

0.07

0.11

24.55

16.40

13.50

0.90

0.87

0.50

17.78

23.39

20.91

0.67

0.74

0.70

Total .......................... 39.72 0.56 22.37 0.51 1.74 0.09 17.35 0.52 20.62 0.54

DMFS DFS

1999–2004

DS MS FS

Difference

in

mean

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error DS FS

Age

20–34 years .....................

35–49 years .....................

50–64 years .....................

13.39

31.46

53.87

0.46

0.61

0.94

10.36

19.94

28.56

0.30

0.44

0.66

1.73

1.55

1.22

0.18

0.12

0.11

3.04

11.52

25.31

0.26

0.51

1.04

8.62

18.38

27.35

0.28

0.47

0.70

–0.18

–0.18

–0.32

†–3.33

†–5.10

–0.49

Sex

Male ..........................

Female ........................

29.77

32.12

0.63

0.47

17.86

19.78

0.42

0.38

1.81

1.26

0.14

0.10

11.91

12.34

0.61

0.41

16.06

18.52

0.41

0.40

–0.25

–0.20

†–3.15

†–3.43

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................

Black, non-Hispanic ................

Mexican American .................

31.38

31.89

24.14

0.63

0.70

0.54

20.94

12.14

12.52

0.45

0.37

0.53

1.36

2.46

1.83

0.15

0.19

0.17

10.44

19.76

11.63

0.60

0.61

0.38

19.58

9.68

10.68

0.50

0.40

0.61

–0.07

†–1.08

†–0.80

†–3.87

–0.10

–0.94

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................

100%–199% FPL ..................

Greater than 200% FPL ..............

33.38

33.59

29.83

0.97

1.01

0.47

13.50

14.50

20.44

0.60

0.45

0.38

3.28

2.56

0.94

0.30

0.24

0.07

19.88

19.09

9.39

0.91

0.91

0.40

10.22

11.94

19.50

0.60

0.45

0.40

–1.07

–0.43

–0.06

–0.54

†–2.23

†–4.18

Education

Less than high school ...............

High school......................

More than high school ...............

35.00

33.53

28.78

0.89

0.94

0.39

12.88

17.97

20.81

0.45

0.60

0.31

3.50

1.94

0.78

0.30

0.19

0.06

22.12

15.56

7.97

0.83

0.74

0.36

9.38

16.04

20.04

0.46

0.59

0.32

–0.42

0.02

0.05

†–1.48

†–4.06

†–5.19

Smoking history

Current smoker ...................

Former smoker ...................

Never smoked ....................

37.23

31.67

27.24

0.82

0.69

0.43

17.57

20.62

18.40

0.44

0.51

0.37

3.10

0.98

0.93

0.28

0.13

0.06

19.66

11.06

8.84

0.68

0.62

0.42

14.47

19.64

17.47

0.43

0.51

0.39

0.12

0.00

†–0.38

†–3.31

†–3.74

†–3.44

Total .......................... 30.96 0.49 18.84 0.33 1.53 0.10 12.12 0.45 17.31 0.35 –0.21 †–3.31

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: DS is number of decayed surfaces in permanent teeth, MS is number of surfaces that are missing because permanent teeth were extracted due to disease, FS is number of filled surfaces in

permanent teeth, DFS is number of decayed, filled surfaces in permanent teeth, and DMFS is number of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 47

Table 44. Contribution of decayed or filled surfaces on the mean number of decayed and filled surfaces among dentate adults 20–64 years of age

with at least one decayed or filled permanent surface, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Percent DS/DFS Percent FS/DFS Percent DS/DFS Percent FS/DFS

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Difference

DS/DFS

Age

20–34 years ..........................

35–49 years ..........................

50–64 years ..........................

16.85

11.26

11.86

0.85

0.75

0.88

83.16

88.75

88.15

0.85

0.75

0.87

17.63

11.90

9.32

0.99

0.73

0.77

82.38

88.10

90.68

0.99

0.73

0.77

0.78

0.64

†–2.53

Sex

Male ...............................

Female .............................

15.54

11.30

0.71

0.71

84.47

88.71

0.71

0.71

15.46

11.09

0.83

0.59

84.55

88.92

0.83

0.59

–0.08

–0.21

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic......................

Black, non-Hispanic ......................

Mexican American.......................

9.08

33.80

28.94

0.61

1.54

0.93

90.92

66.21

71.07

0.61

1.54

0.93

9.46

27.01

27.29

0.94

1.58

2.23

90.55

73.01

72.72

0.94

1.58

2.22

0.38

†–6.80

–1.65

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .....................

100%–199% FPL .......................

Greater than 200% FPL ...................

34.77

24.11

6.90

1.99

1.26

0.46

65.24

75.91

93.11

1.99

1.26

0.46

29.32

22.70

7.46

1.49

1.26

0.43

70.70

77.31

92.55

1.49

1.26

0.43

†–5.45

–1.40

0.56

Education

Less than high school.....................

High school...........................

More than high school ....................

33.36

14.09

4.91

1.23

0.89

0.40

66.66

85.93

95.10

1.23

0.89

0.40

32.65

17.30

6.14

1.60

0.94

0.42

67.37

82.71

93.86

1.60

0.94

0.42

–0.71

†3.21

†1.23

Smoking history

Current smoker ........................

Former smoker.........................

Never smoked .........................

20.48

8.30

11.15

1.01

0.51

0.71

79.54

91.71

88.86

1.01

0.51

0.71

22.30

8.69

10.35

1.22

0.85

0.53

77.71

91.31

89.66

1.22

0.85

0.53

1.82

0.40

–0.80

Total ............................... 13.34 0.60 86.67 0.60 13.21 0.65 86.79 0.65 –0.12

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: DS is number of decayed surfaces in permanent teeth, FS is number of filled surfaces in permanent teeth, and DFS is number of decayed filled surfaces in permanent teeth. FPL is federal

poverty threshold or level.
Page 48 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 45. Prevalence of root caries among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004 Difference

in percent

Decayed or restored Decayed Restored Decayed or restored Decayed Restored with decayed

or restored

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard root

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error caries

Age

20–34 years .............. 10.43 0.84 8.92 0.67 2.06 0.47 8.07 0.68 7.06 0.57 1.13 0.29 †–2.37

35–49 years .............. 18.01 1.20 12.14 0.80 7.57 0.95 14.83 0.92 11.22 0.76 4.82 0.56 †–3.19

50–64 years .............. 30.81 1.94 14.94 1.23 19.39 2.04 21.60 1.40 11.04 0.89 12.59 1.17 †–9.20

Sex

Male................... 20.82 1.17 14.31 0.79 8.73 0.97 15.79 0.91 11.10 0.74 5.87 0.56 †–5.02

Female ................. 16.60 1.20 9.29 0.61 8.65 1.10 12.69 0.79 8.39 0.51 5.21 0.58 †–3.91

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 17.96 1.17 10.03 0.66 10.04 1.18 12.86 0.91 8.09 0.63 5.85 0.59 †–5.10

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 22.51 1.67 20.41 1.45 2.93 0.52 21.27 1.50 18.52 1.56 3.83 0.52 –1.24

Mexican American .......... 19.42 1.31 16.94 1.04 3.81 0.80 14.00 1.03 11.32 0.89 3.03 0.62 †–5.41

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 26.69 2.35 24.06 2.23 4.15 0.98 23.75 2.03 21.39 1.86 3.78 0.88 –2.93

100%–199% FPL ........... 25.37 1.72 20.31 1.38 8.06 1.72 19.71 1.21 15.47 1.28 5.59 0.74 †–5.66

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 15.24 1.09 7.80 0.70 9.02 0.94 11.18 0.73 6.42 0.46 5.68 0.56 †–4.06

Education

Less than high school ........ 26.53 1.70 22.97 1.48 6.06 0.96 24.00 1.57 19.61 1.51 5.15 0.85 –2.53

High school .............. 21.35 1.63 13.78 1.02 10.32 1.57 16.96 1.05 12.48 0.97 5.90 0.65 †–4.39

More than high school ........ 13.51 1.12 5.52 0.54 8.69 1.05 10.34 0.79 5.79 0.39 5.49 0.62 †–3.17

Smoking history

Current smoker ............ 27.71 1.66 20.38 1.25 10.18 1.42 23.89 1.44 18.87 1.34 6.97 0.92 –3.83

Former smoker ............ 16.77 1.22 8.86 0.59 9.83 1.12 11.83 1.25 6.55 0.81 6.24 0.84 †–4.94

Never smoked............. 13.92 1.20 7.62 0.74 7.12 0.98 10.33 0.58 6.55 0.44 4.36 0.44 †–3.58

Total ................... 18.67 1.04 11.75 0.59 8.69 0.97 14.23 0.74 9.74 0.53 5.54 0.47 †–4.44

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 49

Table 46. Mean number of permanent teeth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Difference

Standard Standard in mean

Characteristic Mean error Mean error teeth

Age

20–34 years.................................... 26.44 0.07 26.90 0.05 †0.45

35–49 years.................................... 24.14 0.16 25.05 0.11 †0.91

50–64 years.................................... 20.39 0.22 22.30 0.22 †1.92

Sex

Male ........................................ 24.10 0.11 25.06 0.13 †0.96

Female....................................... 23.86 0.14 24.90 0.08 †1.05

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 24.28 0.14 25.23 0.13 †0.95

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 22.03 0.14 23.68 0.13 †1.65

Mexican American ................................ 24.81 0.09 25.32 0.08 †0.51

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 22.49 0.27 23.52 0.18 †1.03

100%–199% FPL ................................ 22.60 0.19 23.64 0.18 †1.04

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 24.54 0.13 25.48 0.09 †0.95

Education

Less than high school.............................. 21.73 0.22 23.10 0.19 †1.37

High school .................................... 23.37 0.14 24.35 0.17 †0.97

More than high school ............................. 25.38 0.11 25.76 0.07 †0.38

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 22.50 0.19 23.47 0.15 †0.97

Former smoker .................................. 24.15 0.18 25.12 0.13 †0.97

Never smoked .................................. 24.78 0.11 25.67 0.08 †0.89

Total ........................................ 23.97 0.11 24.98 0.09 †1.01

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 50 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 47. Prevalence of edentulism among adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

20–34 years.................................... 0.49 0.12 * * **

35–49 years.................................... 3.69 0.54 2.63 0.37 –1.05

50–64 years.................................... 17.49 1.11 10.13 0.82 †–7.36

Sex

Male ........................................ 6.08 0.43 3.79 0.41 †–2.28

Female....................................... 6.14 0.53 3.72 0.40 †–2.42

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 6.61 0.52 3.96 0.40 †–2.65

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 6.08 0.51 4.14 0.49 †–1.94

Mexican American ................................ 1.98 0.31 1.51 0.39 –0.47

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 11.37 1.26 9.28 1.12 –2.08

100%–199% FPL ................................ 9.31 0.72 6.48 0.77 †–2.83

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 4.62 0.40 2.35 0.20 †–2.27

Education

Less than high school.............................. 12.10 1.28 8.07 0.76 †–4.03

High school .................................... 6.37 0.54 5.41 0.44 –0.96

More than high school ............................. 2.17 0.36 1.66 0.20 –0.51

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 10.16 0.83 7.79 0.62 †–2.38

Former smoker .................................. 5.89 0.42 3.57 0.51 †–2.33

Never smoked .................................. 3.51 0.45 1.55 0.25 †–1.97

Total ........................................ 6.11 0.42 3.76 0.32 †–2.36

* CV is more than 30 percent.

** Difference could not be estimated because CV of one or more estimates is greater than 30 percent.

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 51

Table 48. Time since last dental visit among adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994

Never 1 year or less 1–2 years 2–3 years 3–5 years More than 5 years

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Age

20–34 years ..............

35–49 years ..............

50–64 years ..............

3.29

1.38

1.70

0.38

0.31

0.39

63.52

68.95

63.73

1.21

1.41

1.40

14.30

12.39

10.64

0.96

0.80

0.68

5.14

4.89

4.56

0.52

0.60

0.54

6.26

5.30

6.35

0.62

0.56

0.77

7.49

7.09

13.02

0.55

0.60

0.67

Sex

Male...................

Female .................

2.80

1.46

0.35

0.24

61.06

70.27

1.26

0.95

14.08

11.20

0.82

0.61

4.97

4.78

0.53

0.42

6.91

4.93

0.64

0.38

10.18

7.36

0.55

0.43

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic .........

Black, non-Hispanic .........

Mexican American ..........

1.12

1.78

8.45

0.21

0.22

0.50

68.18

56.52

51.32

1.12

1.27

1.27

12.75

13.45

13.02

0.67

0.71

0.59

4.58

5.98

6.78

0.45

0.48

0.48

5.42

8.68

8.06

0.47

0.49

0.48

7.94

13.60

12.37

0.39

0.82

0.62

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........

100%–199% FPL ...........

Greater than 200% FPL .......

5.89

2.90

0.89

0.84

0.54

0.20

45.47

54.67

72.53

1.82

1.79

1.13

13.06

14.97

12.18

1.32

1.00

0.75

5.91

6.40

4.02

0.66

0.81

0.49

11.25

7.42

4.64

1.32

0.85

0.37

18.42

13.65

5.75

1.26

1.08

0.41

Education

Less than high school ........

High school ..............

More than high school ........

5.98

1.39

0.93

0.75

0.24

0.25

48.51

63.16

76.46

1.61

1.35

1.23

13.86

14.06

10.98

0.87

0.98

0.76

5.69

5.70

3.71

0.53

0.62

0.52

9.67

5.99

4.01

0.91

0.65

0.41

16.29

9.70

3.92

1.07

0.61

0.45

Smoking history

Current smoker ............

Former smoker ............

Never smoked.............

2.39

1.31

2.38

0.40

0.30

0.32

56.63

68.12

70.73

1.60

1.52

1.10

14.86

12.09

11.45

0.84

0.81

0.74

6.01

4.84

4.25

0.57

0.73

0.46

8.19

5.56

4.45

0.83

0.63

0.38

11.92

8.08

6.73

0.84

0.78

0.40

Total ................... 2.12 0.21 65.75 0.90 12.60 0.53 4.89 0.34 5.90 0.41 8.74 0.37

Characteristic

Never

Percent

Standard

error

1 year or less

Percent

Standard

error

1988–1994

1–2 years 2–3 years

Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

3–5 years

Percent

Standard

error

More than 5 years

Percent

Standard

error

Different

in percent

with last

dental visit

within the

past year

Age

20–34 years .............. 2.64 0.34 54.59 0.97 15.95 0.67 8.33 0.47 7.52 0.47 10.98 0.78 †–8.93

35–49 years .............. 1.07 0.15 62.54 1.14 12.76 0.71 6.56 0.50 6.50 0.50 10.57 0.63 †–6.41

50–64 years .............. 0.40 0.11 62.80 1.62 10.27 0.72 6.77 0.59 5.69 0.53 14.08 1.29 –0.93

Sex

Male................... 2.01 0.26 55.30 1.03 13.29 0.52 7.98 0.48 7.51 0.38 13.90 0.86 †–5.76

Female ................. 0.88 0.12 64.27 0.82 13.14 0.54 6.49 0.39 5.80 0.39 9.42 0.64 †–6.00

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... * * 64.30 1.15 12.28 0.47 6.54 0.44 6.27 0.38 10.44 0.87 †–3.88

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 1.27 0.20 50.09 1.37 16.85 0.78 9.44 0.57 8.41 0.60 13.95 0.88 †–6.43

Mexican American .......... 10.19 1.15 42.90 2.17 14.99 0.78 8.58 0.69 8.80 0.62 14.54 1.11 †–8.41

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 4.22 0.70 44.00 1.74 14.35 1.01 8.75 0.83 8.05 0.86 20.64 1.49 –1.48

100%–199% FPL ........... 2.13 0.27 43.31 1.49 14.68 0.95 9.49 0.78 9.65 0.90 20.73 1.48 †–11.35

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 0.39 0.09 66.94 0.98 12.90 0.57 6.23 0.40 5.71 0.40 7.83 0.49 †–5.59

Education

Less than high school ........ 5.43 0.58 38.41 1.58 15.41 0.84 9.43 0.75 9.19 0.73 22.12 1.35 †–10.10

High school .............. 1.04 0.27 52.79 1.29 13.91 0.73 8.11 0.68 8.36 0.61 15.80 1.03 †–10.37

More than high school ........ 0.30 0.08 70.16 0.98 12.24 0.54 6.16 0.40 5.01 0.41 6.13 0.48 †–6.29

Smoking history

Current smoker ............ 1.60 0.30 48.18 1.29 14.62 0.87 9.22 0.59 8.88 0.73 17.50 0.86 †–8.45

Former smoker ............ 1.43 0.31 63.65 1.46 11.95 0.94 6.23 0.65 5.96 0.61 10.78 0.95 †–4.47

Never smoked............. 1.41 0.16 64.41 0.83 12.93 0.52 6.57 0.48 5.56 0.45 9.12 0.58 †–6.32

Total ................... 1.44 0.16 59.87 0.82 13.22 0.38 7.22 0.35 6.64 0.30 11.61 0.62 †–5.88

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 52 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 49. Mean recession among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Difference

Mean Standard Mean Standard in mean

Characteristic (mm) error (mm) error recession

Age

20–34 years.................................... 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.01

35–49 years.................................... 0.20 0.01 0.41 0.04 †0.21

50–64 years.................................... 0.52 0.02 1.00 0.10 †0.48

Sex

Male ........................................ 0.28 0.01 0.56 0.05 †0.28

Female....................................... 0.17 0.01 0.33 0.03 †0.15

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 0.21 0.01 0.42 0.04 †0.20

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 0.28 0.01 0.53 0.08 †0.24

Mexican American ................................ 0.22 0.01 0.41 0.07 †0.19

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 0.34 0.02 0.73 0.12 †0.39

100%–199% FPL ................................ 0.29 0.03 0.78 0.09 †0.49

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 0.20 0.01 0.35 0.04 †0.15

Education

Less than high school.............................. 0.38 0.03 0.75 0.09 †0.37

High school .................................... 0.23 0.01 0.48 0.05 †0.25

More than high school ............................. 0.16 0.01 0.34 0.04 †0.18

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 0.38 0.02 0.95 0.10 †0.56

Former smoker .................................. 0.24 0.02 0.42 0.06 †0.19

Never smoked .................................. 0.13 0.01 0.21 0.01 †0.08

Total ........................................ 0.23 0.01 0.44 0.03 †0.21

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 53

Table 50. Mean pocket depth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004 Difference

in mean

Mean Standard Mean Standard pocket

Characteristic (mm) error (mm) error depth

Age

20–34 years.................................... 1.45 0.02 0.96 0.02 †–0.50

35–49 years.................................... 1.47 0.03 1.04 0.02 †–0.43

50–64 years.................................... 1.50 0.03 1.08 0.03 †–0.42

Sex

Male ........................................ 1.56 0.02 1.09 0.02 †–0.46

Female....................................... 1.39 0.02 0.95 0.02 †–0.44

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 1.43 0.03 0.96 0.02 †–0.47

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 1.69 0.03 1.19 0.03 †–0.50

Mexican American ................................ 1.57 0.02 1.16 0.04 †–0.41

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 1.70 0.03 1.16 0.03 †–0.54

100%–199% FPL ................................ 1.57 0.03 1.14 0.03 †–0.43

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 1.42 0.02 0.96 0.02 †–0.46

Education

Less than high school.............................. 1.65 0.03 1.25 0.03 †–0.40

High school .................................... 1.51 0.02 1.04 0.03 †–0.47

More than high school ............................. 1.38 0.03 0.95 0.02 †–0.43

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 1.63 0.03 1.14 0.03 †–0.49

Former smoker .................................. 1.45 0.03 1.00 0.03 †–0.45

Never smoked .................................. 1.39 0.02 0.97 0.02 †–0.42

Total ........................................ 1.47 0.02 1.02 0.02 †–0.45

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 54 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 51. Mean loss of attachment among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004 Difference

in mean

Mean Standard Mean Standard loss of

Characteristic (mm) error (mm) error attachment

Age

20–34 years.................................... 0.63 0.04 0.40 0.02 †–0.23

35–49 years.................................... 1.07 0.04 0.73 0.02 †–0.34

50–64 years.................................... 1.64 0.05 1.14 0.04 †–0.50

Sex

Male ........................................ 1.20 0.04 0.83 0.03 †–0.37

Female....................................... 0.93 0.04 0.62 0.02 †–0.32

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 1.02 0.04 0.67 0.02 †–0.35

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 1.28 0.04 0.84 0.04 †–0.44

Mexican American ................................ 1.09 0.05 0.81 0.05 †–0.28

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 1.39 0.07 0.97 0.04 †–0.41

100%–199% FPL ................................ 1.21 0.05 0.97 0.04 †–0.25

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 0.99 0.03 0.64 0.02 †–0.35

Education

Less than high school.............................. 1.42 0.05 1.05 0.04 †–0.38

High school .................................... 1.11 0.04 0.77 0.03 †–0.34

More than high school ............................. 0.89 0.03 0.62 0.02 †–0.27

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 1.45 0.06 1.03 0.03 †–0.42

Former smoker .................................. 1.07 0.04 0.70 0.03 †–0.37

Never smoked .................................. 0.83 0.03 0.58 0.02 †–0.25

Total ........................................ 1.07 0.03 0.72 0.02 †–0.34

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
recession among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

d 1999–2004

20–64 years 20–34 years 35–49 years 50–64 years

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

47.95 0.73 37.99 1.32 24.26 1.09 19.02 1.18 51.91 1.33 43.07 1.76 73.67 1.29 55.60 1.97

32.03 0.89 20.60 0.65 12.69 1.13 7.27 0.69 33.06 1.47 22.36 0.92 56.49 1.75 35.80 1.37

16.68 0.77 7.43 0.40 4.71 0.65 1.45 0.27 16.30 1.17 7.92 0.59 33.38 1.52 14.71 0.96

8.79 0.52 3.01 0.30 1.74 0.30 * * 7.83 0.81 2.74 0.41 19.78 1.24 6.75 0.76

51.40 0.97 42.96 1.57 28.32 1.69 21.57 1.56 55.17 1.90 48.87 1.96 76.58 1.83 62.55 2.55

35.96 0.99 25.13 1.02 15.44 1.56 9.32 0.98 37.76 1.66 27.70 1.58 60.79 2.27 42.43 1.91

21.10 1.08 9.90 0.63 6.09 1.07 1.96 0.41 21.45 1.59 10.56 0.96 40.78 2.35 19.56 1.43

11.39 0.76 3.77 0.42 1.94 0.44 * * 10.74 1.37 3.65 0.58 25.11 2.01 8.21 1.18

44.59 1.03 33.13 1.51 20.19 1.48 16.45 1.20 48.75 1.99 37.20 2.20 70.96 1.79 49.23 2.24

28.24 1.12 16.16 0.84 9.94 1.28 5.20 0.69 28.51 1.87 16.94 1.40 52.48 2.51 29.71 1.49

12.44 0.75 5.04 0.39 3.33 0.62 * * 11.32 1.26 5.24 0.71 26.48 1.75 10.26 1.01

6.32 0.46 2.28 0.32 1.54 0.37 * * 5.02 0.74 1.81 0.48 14.80 1.34 5.42 0.88

43.20 1.53 35.01 1.87 18.83 1.27 15.29 1.28 44.38 2.15 34.57 2.82 74.18 3.45 62.26 3.49

30.09 1.15 18.35 1.31 8.38 1.11 5.36 0.73 28.22 1.48 16.78 1.72 62.26 3.01 38.30 3.44

16.60 1.27 7.27 0.82 2.80 0.60 1.06 0.29 12.31 1.26 5.81 1.32 41.91 3.58 17.90 2.41

8.28 0.71 2.58 0.33 * * * * 5.65 0.89 2.56 0.70 22.56 2.11 5.67 1.08

47.47 0.91 30.19 1.67 20.48 0.85 9.57 1.24 51.49 1.34 37.71 2.77 77.52 2.40 46.18 2.53

35.79 0.99 18.73 1.32 11.95 0.99 3.67 0.86 39.25 1.73 21.60 1.97 62.50 2.17 34.54 2.70

19.51 0.91 8.03 0.66 4.99 0.72 * * 20.35 1.15 9.79 1.32 37.77 2.33 13.90 1.83

11.99 0.74 3.80 0.45 2.34 0.54 * * 11.97 0.92 3.59 0.77 25.01 2.05 7.91 1.37

47.62 0.85 39.19 1.51 24.45 1.46 21.17 1.46 51.27 1.61 44.15 2.09 73.14 1.43 55.72 2.37

30.72 1.13 20.90 0.76 12.34 1.44 8.02 0.89 31.32 1.63 22.81 1.23 54.54 2.11 35.27 1.55

15.53 0.91 7.02 0.48 4.45 0.78 1.31 0.34 15.33 1.33 7.36 0.79 30.76 1.78 14.18 1.15

7.90 0.58 2.92 0.36 1.58 0.37 * * 7.02 0.81 2.53 0.51 17.81 1.47 6.78 0.90

54.29 1.59 37.99 1.43 30.46 2.33 19.30 2.18 59.87 2.96 44.31 2.72 77.65 2.64 53.29 2.62

39.95 1.55 22.90 1.20 16.21 1.88 7.72 1.16 45.30 3.22 26.51 2.27 63.56 2.53 37.73 3.17

24.38 1.28 10.16 0.85 6.89 1.46 1.80 0.43 26.40 2.64 11.83 1.23 44.77 2.59 18.81 2.79

15.53 1.24 4.45 0.71 3.88 0.99 * * 16.86 2.19 4.42 0.96 29.14 2.60 9.81 2.20

49.14 1.35 36.94 1.98 22.30 1.72 19.82 2.29 55.64 2.27 42.49 2.49 75.14 1.76 51.29 3.30

33.43 1.44 20.28 1.34 11.25 1.50 8.06 1.36 36.62 2.11 22.07 1.41 58.33 2.51 33.95 3.27

16.42 1.08 7.25 0.80 3.14 0.64 * * 18.65 1.90 7.78 1.32 30.84 2.56 14.64 2.18

8.73 0.67 3.57 0.48 1.10 0.33 * * 9.25 1.36 3.51 0.87 18.18 1.72 7.82 1.47

Series11, No. 248[ Page 55
recession among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

d 1999–2004—Con.

20–64 years 20–34 years 35–49 years 50–64 years

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

44.61 1.22 38.39 1.49 23.14 1.35 18.62 1.33 47.11 1.95 43.06 2.03 69.61 2.24 57.72 2.47

27.93 1.33 20.11 0.68 12.34 1.38 6.77 0.83 27.16 2.18 21.50 1.26 50.11 2.82 35.92 1.33

13.75 1.00 6.80 0.46 5.03 0.85 1.46 0.42 11.76 1.39 7.04 0.93 28.63 2.35 13.61 1.12

6.16 0.59 2.42 0.30 1.32 0.38 * * 4.27 0.72 2.00 0.48 15.64 1.72 5.53 0.81

53.64 1.77 35.00 1.83 25.83 2.00 14.36 2.19 63.68 3.33 43.00 2.83 75.38 3.69 50.30 3.72

41.91 1.95 22.53 1.27 14.27 2.20 5.62 1.18 51.99 4.20 26.75 2.40 63.36 4.26 38.69 3.26

25.71 1.94 10.14 1.16 5.98 1.67 * * 27.09 4.17 13.22 1.91 50.13 4.91 17.09 3.31

13.81 1.03 4.32 0.81 3.67 1.08 * * 15.02 2.00 5.33 1.36 25.58 3.20 7.31 2.00

50.68 1.92 39.20 2.14 22.60 2.18 19.72 2.24 57.67 3.70 45.26 2.69 77.57 3.45 55.97 4.32

36.63 2.41 25.40 1.54 12.91 1.52 8.37 1.47 40.01 3.66 29.33 2.17 63.31 5.12 42.19 3.78

21.98 1.77 10.41 1.08 5.14 0.88 1.47 0.40 24.10 3.16 10.27 1.62 41.36 4.68 22.67 3.12

11.19 1.19 4.19 0.79 1.46 0.36 0.57 0.15 12.26 1.95 * * 22.62 3.76 9.83 2.38

46.78 0.83 38.38 1.47 24.83 1.47 20.90 1.31 49.19 1.53 42.38 2.08 72.56 1.42 55.68 2.31

29.63 0.97 19.39 0.71 12.47 1.51 7.70 0.79 28.86 1.43 20.12 1.07 53.97 1.86 33.99 1.70

14.27 0.79 6.50 0.44 4.45 0.82 1.50 0.40 12.87 1.01 6.34 0.69 29.69 1.52 13.47 1.11

7.32 0.58 2.53 0.35 1.40 0.41 * * 5.83 0.81 1.97 0.46 17.65 1.42 6.21 0.88

59.09 1.11 42.71 1.86 28.87 1.93 21.98 2.20 66.52 2.07 50.91 2.78 88.17 1.80 57.81 2.70

43.15 1.30 26.14 1.34 14.88 1.63 8.81 1.29 48.55 2.45 30.27 1.74 72.79 2.50 43.01 3.57

26.35 1.33 11.06 0.93 4.85 1.08 1.69 0.41 29.10 2.44 12.81 1.50 51.02 2.75 20.96 2.44

15.51 1.04 4.94 0.67 2.16 0.61 0.57 0.14 15.26 1.69 5.63 1.08 33.86 3.46 9.75 1.8650.10 1.54 39.14 1.58 27.45 2.76 17.96 2.19 52.43 2.07 45.35 2.51 76.98 2.14 57.97 2.71

33.46 1.76 21.48 1.13 15.92 2.56 7.88 1.63 31.32 2.51 22.09 2.19 60.44 2.48 38.85 2.24

17.37 1.39 7.97 0.85 8.22 1.82 * * 13.63 1.85 8.61 1.54 35.55 2.38 16.37 1.38

8.98 1.01 2.77 0.36 * * * * 5.94 1.38 1.91 0.55 20.49 1.99 7.56 1.14

40.03 1.10 34.83 1.42 20.43 1.36 17.71 1.24 42.07 2.42 38.09 2.19 63.25 2.43 52.77 2.19

24.58 1.08 17.36 0.72 10.46 1.17 6.34 0.68 23.96 2.09 18.45 1.50 44.56 2.79 30.52 1.62

10.82 0.81 5.30 0.39 3.77 0.65 1.42 0.39 9.51 1.19 5.12 0.76 22.36 2.25 10.81 1.21

4.99 0.46 2.12 0.30 0.92 0.20 * * 4.09 0.79 1.62 0.39 11.90 1.32 4.91 0.84

Page 56[ Series11, No. 248
pocket depth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

d 1999–2004

20–64 years 20–34 years 35–49 years 50–64 years

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

96.28 0.60 80.77 1.59 96.99 0.66 78.38 1.86 96.78 0.70 82.79 1.70 94.56 0.96 80.82 1.97

64.90 1.94 34.20 1.92 66.94 2.36 28.84 1.74 65.43 1.98 36.10 2.25 61.34 2.71 38.45 2.58

22.60 1.59 10.43 0.75 20.88 1.63 6.66 0.68 22.24 1.71 11.91 0.89 25.49 2.37 13.21 1.16

7.70 0.58 3.05 0.26 4.60 0.47 1.11 0.18 8.62 0.85 3.58 0.29 10.45 1.19 4.85 0.673.26 0.33 0.97 0.14 1.80 0.28 0.33 0.09 3.36 0.44 0.76 0.17 5.07 0.72 2.14 0.391.73 0.17 0.44 0.09 0.72 0.15 * * 1.86 0.28 * * 2.88 0.46 1.12 0.26

97.43 0.61 84.20 1.43 98.41 0.64 82.87 1.91 97.19 0.87 86.09 1.71 96.51 1.08 83.03 2.18

69.10 1.86 38.60 2.19 71.63 2.31 33.05 2.12 69.77 2.16 41.09 2.51 64.64 2.74 42.17 3.13

26.66 1.70 13.01 0.99 24.23 1.97 8.59 1.00 27.59 2.26 15.27 1.27 28.46 2.44 15.43 1.77

9.79 0.78 4.31 0.44 5.24 0.65 1.41 0.28 11.64 1.31 5.29 0.54 13.03 1.57 6.69 1.144.41 0.50 1.30 0.22 2.42 0.45 * * 4.90 0.76 1.09 0.26 6.33 0.91 2.83 0.622.50 0.29 0.58 0.14 0.98 0.21 * * 2.68 0.56 * * 4.26 0.73 * *

95.17 0.71 77.34 1.89 95.56 0.87 73.86 2.15 96.38 0.78 79.44 2.08 92.75 1.22 78.74 2.31

60.82 2.33 29.81 1.80 62.24 2.84 24.60 1.72 61.23 2.64 31.03 2.24 58.26 3.36 34.92 2.52

18.67 1.67 7.86 0.66 17.53 1.79 4.72 0.65 17.08 1.70 8.49 0.87 22.72 2.70 11.10 1.24

5.69 0.57 1.81 0.23 3.95 0.56 * * 5.69 0.69 1.83 0.36 8.04 1.32 3.12 0.552.15 0.29 0.64 0.14 1.19 0.28 * * 1.87 0.35 * * 3.90 0.88 1.49 0.430.99 0.19 * * * * * * 1.07 0.27 0.05 0.01 * * * *

97.92 0.42 88.83 1.92 99.09 0.23 88.56 1.95 98.29 0.37 90.19 2.09 95.76 1.40 87.05 2.72

76.10 1.46 45.30 3.12 77.08 1.77 42.71 2.83 77.75 1.80 47.67 4.12 72.19 3.06 45.06 4.56

30.76 1.45 17.44 1.76 25.49 1.51 14.55 2.24 32.85 1.94 19.83 2.28 34.59 2.14 17.60 2.79

10.96 0.78 5.16 0.76 6.76 0.67 2.23 0.51 12.04 1.02 6.55 1.27 14.93 1.77 6.93 1.42

4.39 0.54 1.90 0.41 1.55 0.31 * * 5.01 0.64 * * 7.25 1.39 4.26 1.132.33 0.35 0.73 0.19 * * * * 2.37 0.42 * * 4.74 1.02 * *

96.37 1.11 87.90 1.27 97.44 0.96 88.77 2.13 96.18 1.21 89.22 1.64 95.23 1.58 84.66 1.95

77.08 1.83 47.81 1.98 78.66 2.11 45.24 2.88 77.36 1.94 51.36 2.77 74.51 2.96 45.70 2.54

38.70 2.07 20.91 1.19 36.60 2.33 15.15 1.91 38.18 2.37 25.10 2.01 42.34 3.37 22.11 2.20

16.34 1.06 6.95 0.65 10.72 0.95 2.94 0.66 17.70 1.30 8.98 1.24 21.78 2.49 9.16 1.89

8.11 0.70 2.42 0.44 3.69 0.57 * * 9.07 0.95 3.30 0.75 12.55 1.72 * *

4.62 0.53 0.95 0.22 2.03 0.40 * * 5.56 0.70 0.85 0.22 6.65 1.25 * *

96.20 0.68 77.58 1.92 96.70 0.74 73.65 2.45 96.51 0.80 80.39 2.00 95.03 1.12 78.48 2.34

62.08 2.36 28.83 2.08 62.94 2.99 21.90 1.78 62.91 2.35 30.85 2.60 59.63 3.16 35.01 2.81

19.38 1.88 7.01 0.68 17.44 2.10 3.44 0.64 18.64 1.93 8.05 0.97 23.18 2.73 10.18 1.10

5.84 0.66 1.99 0.25 3.04 0.56 * * 6.57 0.93 2.02 0.31 8.45 1.34 3.71 0.642.41 0.39 0.56 0.12 1.30 0.31 * * 2.27 0.52 * * 4.14 0.80 1.68 0.411.13 0.20 * * * * – – * * * * 2.23 0.49 * *

Series11, No. 248[ Page 57
pocket depth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

d 1999–2004—Con.

20–64 years 20–34 years 35–49 years 50–64 years

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

96.14 0.81 89.42 1.41 98.44 0.53 91.21 1.36 95.67 1.33 91.53 1.83 93.78 1.47 83.71 2.67

73.01 1.64 50.43 2.29 79.61 1.82 48.10 2.46 74.71 2.67 53.98 3.29 61.46 4.34 48.02 3.40

32.96 2.03 20.40 1.70 32.39 2.31 14.27 1.68 35.90 3.04 24.20 2.34 29.14 3.63 22.70 2.53

14.70 1.30 6.34 0.68 8.88 1.32 2.54 0.61 19.08 2.63 7.43 1.13 15.68 2.17 9.76 1.41

7.25 0.86 2.25 0.42 3.60 0.94 * * 9.59 1.58 1.85 0.43 8.50 1.55 5.13 1.223.65 0.55 1.28 0.28 * * * * 5.03 1.13 1.00 0.19 4.41 1.06 * *

96.63 0.73 82.36 1.71 96.46 1.07 82.53 1.89 97.90 0.48 83.02 1.85 94.87 1.52 81.10 3.09

66.61 2.14 35.74 2.40 69.17 2.93 33.34 2.81 67.66 1.96 35.16 3.37 61.53 3.64 39.89 3.31

25.08 1.97 11.58 1.08 23.35 2.44 8.01 1.16 25.24 2.51 13.49 1.58 27.16 2.63 13.39 2.02

9.05 0.79 3.05 0.37 5.27 0.77 * * 10.70 1.45 3.87 0.73 11.54 1.67 3.92 0.763.54 0.48 * * 2.19 0.47 * * 3.87 0.69 * * 4.83 0.90 * *1.90 0.30 * * * * * * 2.26 0.51 * * 2.71 0.77 * *

96.09 0.77 77.48 1.96 96.74 0.90 72.12 2.56 96.39 1.15 80.52 2.11 94.74 1.23 79.94 2.16

60.54 2.36 28.88 1.95 59.42 3.25 20.27 1.69 61.18 2.67 32.11 2.27 61.06 2.82 35.41 3.29

16.73 1.60 7.21 0.66 13.79 1.58 3.51 0.58 16.26 1.78 8.19 0.93 21.41 2.88 10.65 1.34

4.03 0.47 2.16 0.27 2.14 0.49 * * 4.18 0.65 2.50 0.36 6.36 1.22 3.92 0.811.53 0.29 0.76 0.15 * * * * 1.15 0.29 * * 3.21 0.91 1.73 0.480.90 0.23 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

97.07 0.86 85.56 1.77 95.19 2.01 85.04 1.97 98.53 0.74 85.43 2.79 97.31 1.43 86.45 3.64

73.64 2.30 41.21 2.62 68.71 3.86 37.18 3.16 84.13 2.60 42.04 3.37 63.86 5.51 45.34 4.78

35.93 2.52 16.06 1.94 26.35 2.52 8.79 1.66 43.92 3.84 20.10 2.48 36.32 4.81 19.54 3.81

17.08 1.74 4.85 0.81 6.55 1.06 * * 25.42 4.01 5.62 1.22 18.21 2.95 7.82 1.67

8.08 1.32 1.33 0.34 2.87 0.71 * * 10.72 2.35 * * 10.99 2.55 * *4.82 1.09 * * 1.29 0.24 * * 7.90 2.30 * * 4.77 1.34 * *

95.90 1.00 83.85 1.62 97.79 0.81 78.90 2.93 96.96 0.92 88.73 1.97 91.71 2.79 82.88 3.39

71.27 2.77 41.12 2.33 75.30 3.24 32.67 2.51 73.12 3.22 45.14 3.17 62.93 4.74 46.21 5.14

29.25 2.50 17.14 1.32 27.22 2.29 9.05 1.15 29.53 3.68 20.11 1.93 31.56 4.22 23.41 3.18

10.12 1.14 6.75 0.71 6.27 0.94 1.50 0.42 10.48 1.48 7.98 1.18 14.73 3.41 11.90 1.93

4.52 0.69 2.27 0.47 2.57 0.59 * * 5.08 1.29 * * 6.27 1.28 5.43 1.322.25 0.40 0.98 0.28 * * * * 2.31 0.68 * * 4.13 1.02 * *

96.41 0.72 78.57 1.94 97.08 0.80 75.05 2.59 96.70 0.89 81.02 1.98 95.04 0.93 79.48 2.30

62.04 2.06 30.51 2.07 62.60 2.80 24.07 2.02 62.14 2.30 32.40 2.46 61.14 2.76 36.24 2.97

18.79 1.63 7.80 0.69 16.61 1.74 4.69 0.64 17.89 1.78 8.37 0.90 23.13 2.48 11.10 1.31

6.06 0.68 2.00 0.27 3.42 0.61 0.81 0.21 6.41 0.87 2.02 0.31 9.09 1.34 3.55 0.702.48 0.34 0.64 0.13 1.25 0.33 * * 2.20 0.41 * * 4.55 0.88 1.64 0.401.31 0.20 0.32 0.08 * * * * 1.07 0.26 * * 2.70 0.58 * *

Page 58[ Series11, No. 248
pocket depth among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

d 1999–2004—Con.

20–64 years 20–34 years 35–49 years 50–64 years

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

96.97 0.77 84.05 1.71 97.37 0.79 79.16 2.56 97.77 0.87 87.14 1.82 95.15 1.55 85.82 3.14

72.57 2.15 42.46 2.34 73.86 2.23 32.76 2.67 73.43 3.16 45.80 3.16 69.51 3.48 50.31 4.16

33.60 2.38 17.04 1.47 26.55 2.63 8.25 1.11 35.41 3.12 21.68 1.85 40.26 3.52 21.63 2.91

13.62 1.14 5.28 0.56 6.94 1.00 * * 15.18 1.74 7.12 0.80 20.21 2.42 7.33 1.58

6.41 0.77 1.65 0.37 2.81 0.52 * * 6.75 1.37 1.71 0.38 10.71 1.77 * *3.61 0.44 * * 1.24 0.34 * * 3.56 0.92 * * 6.87 1.32 * *

96.16 0.80 79.77 2.20 98.07 0.86 77.52 2.93 95.82 1.41 81.89 2.53 94.12 1.23 79.48 2.68

63.24 2.65 32.46 2.51 64.95 4.42 26.59 3.50 63.65 2.65 34.15 2.86 60.30 3.52 37.71 3.35

22.18 1.94 9.00 0.98 24.70 3.44 6.16 1.29 17.43 2.18 9.54 1.37 26.21 2.92 11.97 1.76

6.50 0.81 2.83 0.42 3.79 1.05 * * 5.55 1.18 2.77 0.62 11.62 1.70 5.62 1.042.71 0.51 0.95 0.21 * * * * * * * * 5.52 1.13 2.61 0.601.30 0.24 0.48 0.13 * * – – * * * * 3.23 0.71 * *

96.09 0.56 79.63 1.68 96.47 0.78 78.12 2.00 96.68 0.63 80.93 2.02 94.66 1.20 79.63 2.20

60.99 2.16 30.74 2.00 62.83 2.55 27.22 1.82 61.25 2.54 31.88 2.54 58.08 3.24 33.69 2.70

16.58 1.37 7.84 0.69 16.20 1.24 5.94 0.79 16.47 1.71 7.84 0.91 17.27 2.44 10.41 1.24

4.69 0.49 1.94 0.25 3.25 0.45 0.89 0.17 6.12 1.04 2.10 0.34 4.38 0.81 3.09 0.651.65 0.22 0.61 0.11 1.22 0.30 * * 1.95 0.39 * * 1.77 0.42 1.28 0.330.79 0.15 0.27 0.07 * * * * 1.21 0.32 * * * * 0.77 0.23

Series11, No. 248[ Page 59
loss of attachment among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

d 1999–2004

20–64 years 20–34 years 35–49 years 50–64 years

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

72.41 1.38 64.22 1.39 54.23 1.98 43.73 2.10 77.90 1.59 70.19 1.59 88.28 1.33 82.50 1.4243.56 0.95 32.70 1.03 21.82 1.32 13.34 0.87 46.31 1.58 36.13 1.53 68.56 1.54 53.41 1.6825.40 0.90 16.85 0.73 9.36 0.85 4.29 0.45 25.38 1.17 17.78 0.82 47.04 2.04 32.31 1.5514.90 0.76 9.15 0.49 3.95 0.49 1.68 0.25 14.62 1.16 8.77 0.62 30.10 1.64 19.81 1.28

8.43 0.53 5.30 0.36 1.80 0.27 0.80 0.15 8.39 0.89 4.47 0.44 17.40 1.23 12.65 0.94

5.19 0.40 2.78 0.26 1.09 0.20 * * 5.08 0.75 2.13 0.32 10.89 1.01 7.03 0.73

75.90 1.42 69.46 1.49 59.31 2.05 49.92 2.57 81.41 1.92 75.14 1.68 89.63 1.77 86.92 1.6748.47 1.02 38.35 1.37 25.96 1.78 17.72 1.34 52.56 1.80 41.98 2.13 72.41 1.81 60.44 2.1530.62 1.04 20.54 1.07 11.10 1.29 5.33 0.77 32.74 1.47 22.45 1.28 53.62 2.56 38.06 2.1718.61 1.01 11.10 0.73 4.48 0.67 2.11 0.54 19.59 1.78 10.56 0.85 36.13 2.26 24.07 1.76

11.43 0.75 6.90 0.54 2.54 0.49 * * 11.62 1.42 5.87 0.68 23.11 1.63 16.47 1.40

7.00 0.63 3.80 0.45 1.43 0.30 * * 6.77 1.21 2.75 0.49 14.84 1.54 9.75 1.26

68.98 1.60 59.00 1.53 49.14 2.58 37.49 2.05 74.51 1.91 65.16 2.14 87.03 1.50 78.32 1.6738.80 1.31 27.09 0.96 17.67 1.63 8.92 0.80 40.27 2.17 30.18 1.75 64.97 2.31 46.75 1.7220.39 1.02 13.19 0.73 7.62 0.85 3.25 0.48 18.26 1.48 13.03 1.23 40.91 2.51 26.86 1.67

11.36 0.75 7.23 0.57 3.42 0.59 1.24 0.33 9.81 1.01 6.94 1.02 24.48 1.93 15.77 1.53

5.57 0.53 3.74 0.35 1.07 0.23 * * 5.28 0.77 3.05 0.59 12.08 1.47 9.03 1.10

3.48 0.39 1.80 0.22 * * * * 3.44 0.56 1.49 0.38 7.22 1.15 4.44 0.68

75.63 1.62 71.34 2.23 54.38 3.16 54.28 3.26 81.71 1.74 75.04 3.06 94.73 1.34 88.56 1.8545.68 0.97 37.29 2.37 19.74 1.41 16.38 2.11 48.53 1.96 37.33 3.56 76.19 1.67 65.42 3.4528.30 0.85 20.25 1.38 7.10 0.59 4.96 0.95 29.13 1.59 18.81 2.30 55.59 2.66 43.11 3.2416.60 0.92 10.20 0.93 2.57 0.43 * * 15.04 1.22 8.22 1.52 37.95 2.52 25.18 2.4510.22 0.62 5.37 0.74 * * * * 8.23 1.00 3.69 0.85 25.52 1.59 14.43 2.36

5.55 0.50 3.01 0.51 * * * * 4.23 0.59 * * 14.34 1.70 8.49 1.73

77.10 1.15 66.70 2.28 57.98 2.14 45.75 3.71 84.85 1.58 72.83 2.76 90.74 1.70 85.35 1.50

52.66 0.88 38.39 1.55 26.52 1.08 15.88 1.73 58.33 1.18 44.76 2.67 78.99 2.20 58.76 3.04

34.10 1.14 22.19 0.90 12.11 0.95 5.23 1.01 36.35 1.64 25.97 1.56 60.19 3.16 39.15 2.6722.44 0.96 14.17 0.81 6.00 0.73 2.71 0.73 23.94 1.44 16.36 1.33 42.23 2.25 26.18 2.5614.77 0.79 8.01 0.67 3.72 0.52 * * 14.64 1.06 8.98 1.43 29.84 2.12 14.87 1.84

9.37 0.63 3.89 0.48 2.13 0.42 * * 9.35 0.82 4.55 0.90 19.14 1.82 6.93 1.20

70.52 1.66 61.46 1.54 51.88 2.55 39.33 2.47 75.56 1.88 68.27 1.79 87.74 1.60 80.63 1.7341.21 1.16 30.16 0.91 19.76 1.71 11.84 0.95 43.69 1.86 33.55 1.57 66.23 1.83 49.53 1.7323.29 1.06 14.84 0.70 8.51 1.08 3.90 0.45 23.04 1.23 15.58 0.77 43.58 2.51 28.43 1.5813.10 0.88 7.89 0.53 3.37 0.64 1.65 0.32 12.79 1.21 7.13 0.64 26.70 1.92 17.47 1.46

7.19 0.64 4.71 0.44 1.39 0.36 * * 7.07 0.90 3.82 0.51 15.20 1.46 11.39 1.07

4.35 0.48 2.55 0.34 0.87 0.25 * * 4.30 0.78 2.04 0.44 9.12 1.14 6.31 0.87

Page 60[ Series11, No. 248
loss of attachment among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

d 1999–2004—Con.

20–64 years 20–34 years 35–49 years 50–64 years

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

81.40 1.68 75.52 1.42 68.38 3.21 60.84 2.31 87.63 1.82 81.13 2.15 89.19 2.35 86.53 2.2455.91 1.58 45.57 1.35 32.95 2.99 19.93 1.86 63.52 2.92 54.59 2.43 74.93 2.71 65.99 2.9536.87 1.32 29.39 1.36 15.83 2.34 7.48 1.34 39.84 2.59 35.54 2.38 60.58 2.96 49.29 2.7325.02 1.19 18.09 1.17 8.14 1.66 3.33 0.94 28.38 2.52 19.06 2.17 42.49 2.67 36.44 2.7615.55 1.06 11.58 0.88 4.56 1.18 * * 18.30 2.05 11.44 1.49 26.05 2.71 24.83 2.22

9.22 0.99 6.58 0.72 * * * * 10.71 1.94 6.11 1.28 15.61 2.04 15.45 1.75

74.36 1.45 67.71 1.82 53.73 2.12 46.25 2.80 82.21 1.91 74.76 2.45 89.87 1.75 85.61 2.0146.47 1.41 34.91 1.41 20.76 1.49 15.82 1.54 52.28 2.59 37.82 2.21 72.00 1.97 56.08 2.5427.45 1.37 19.13 1.18 8.81 0.85 5.94 1.11 32.69 2.27 19.96 1.63 44.37 2.87 35.62 3.2715.80 1.11 10.15 0.86 3.45 0.61 * * 18.60 1.86 9.45 1.20 28.07 2.36 22.09 2.45

8.56 0.70 6.03 0.71 1.48 0.38 * * 9.29 1.30 4.51 0.82 16.96 1.51 14.85 2.01

5.74 0.48 3.12 0.59 1.02 0.30 * * 6.30 1.05 * * 11.23 1.34 7.71 1.53

67.60 1.71 59.42 1.57 48.41 2.31 36.82 2.37 72.29 2.10 65.57 1.85 86.13 2.13 80.25 1.8336.75 1.24 28.33 1.22 17.78 1.28 10.03 1.07 37.51 2.11 30.86 1.90 61.10 2.73 49.04 1.8019.35 1.05 12.61 0.85 6.96 0.91 2.49 0.50 16.41 1.38 12.45 1.08 40.65 2.66 26.51 1.7410.28 0.77 6.41 0.55 2.48 0.58 * * 8.07 1.02 5.93 0.75 24.26 2.26 14.55 1.29

5.47 0.54 3.37 0.38 * * * * 4.88 0.79 2.74 0.56 12.64 1.92 8.59 0.95

3.19 0.50 1.67 0.28 * * * * 2.65 0.59 * * 7.80 1.82 4.55 0.71

77.69 1.74 69.10 1.98 56.87 3.03 48.14 3.39 87.89 2.34 75.97 2.76 89.76 3.01 86.59 4.1155.53 1.88 41.59 1.53 25.83 2.26 13.67 1.34 68.76 3.57 47.34 2.56 74.85 3.87 70.19 4.84

39.11 1.84 27.52 1.74 14.01 2.28 6.58 0.81 45.68 4.12 30.60 2.78 62.64 4.50 50.89 4.66

25.16 1.65 17.39 1.44 6.61 1.65 2.74 0.56 31.37 3.33 16.74 2.20 40.41 4.34 38.15 4.2616.75 1.25 10.03 1.29 4.19 1.07 * * 19.49 2.04 8.98 1.70 29.37 3.81 23.26 3.3110.87 0.98 4.34 0.74 * * * * 12.92 2.56 4.13 1.19 19.06 2.47 10.26 2.2276.31 1.98 70.64 1.93 60.74 3.07 48.22 3.10 80.77 2.67 79.66 2.46 90.32 2.28 86.74 3.05

49.89 2.46 42.99 1.80 23.85 2.14 17.64 2.22 55.60 4.29 49.46 2.88 76.03 4.06 67.01 3.11

32.02 1.69 26.84 1.36 10.98 1.49 5.95 1.29 35.30 2.77 30.88 2.17 55.23 4.47 48.66 3.2819.99 1.38 15.54 1.19 3.92 0.69 3.07 0.64 21.34 2.45 16.13 2.01 39.54 4.53 31.41 2.9510.95 1.14 9.22 0.91 1.49 0.39 * * 11.33 1.79 7.52 1.56 23.11 3.66 22.48 2.24

7.28 0.92 5.86 0.80 * * * * 7.52 1.40 * * 15.16 3.17 16.05 2.42

70.53 1.54 61.43 1.50 51.08 2.26 40.83 2.30 75.84 1.95 66.45 1.91 88.42 1.42 81.32 1.5540.39 1.06 28.90 1.21 20.17 1.68 11.79 1.12 41.32 1.65 30.85 1.84 66.20 1.66 48.88 2.0621.81 0.95 12.95 0.83 7.61 1.03 2.89 0.53 20.42 1.12 12.52 0.97 43.13 2.06 27.16 1.8912.35 0.84 6.68 0.51 3.30 0.65 * * 10.89 1.12 5.79 0.65 26.83 1.77 16.08 1.46

6.72 0.60 4.00 0.38 1.33 0.36 * * 6.28 0.97 3.09 0.46 14.69 1.25 10.44 1.06

3.99 0.48 2.03 0.31 * * * * 3.54 0.78 1.41 0.36 9.10 1.03 5.63 0.95

Series11, No. 248[ Page 61
loss of attachment among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by age and selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition

d 1999–2004—Con.

20–64 years 20–34 years 35–49 years 50–64 years

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error

81.90 1.39 73.94 1.48 64.44 2.71 49.92 2.53 88.17 1.77 85.21 1.79 95.60 1.61 88.66 2.0059.48 1.33 44.44 1.62 29.81 2.28 15.96 1.42 68.27 2.00 52.49 2.26 85.68 2.32 70.21 3.3839.64 1.43 27.95 1.26 13.12 1.51 6.33 0.90 45.62 2.20 32.03 1.64 66.02 2.88 50.68 3.2626.37 1.34 17.75 0.96 6.06 0.95 2.45 0.55 28.24 2.33 19.14 1.48 50.80 3.03 36.17 3.0016.33 1.27 10.74 0.76 2.54 0.54 * * 17.10 2.08 10.87 1.06 33.70 3.69 23.38 2.45

11.22 1.14 5.93 0.69 1.79 0.47 * * 10.28 1.88 5.97 1.00 25.39 3.52 13.37 2.12

73.92 2.02 64.35 1.67 54.80 3.09 44.98 3.32 79.52 2.17 67.68 2.43 90.93 1.99 85.25 2.2043.98 1.54 31.15 1.24 21.02 2.74 11.72 1.82 45.65 2.05 32.75 2.26 72.31 2.44 54.82 2.4225.04 1.57 15.75 0.99 11.69 2.08 3.86 0.87 21.10 1.93 16.08 1.61 49.19 2.95 31.26 2.1714.01 1.20 7.59 0.70 5.19 1.48 * * 10.81 1.67 6.20 1.03 30.89 2.60 18.03 1.58

7.49 0.72 4.56 0.69 * * * * 5.47 0.86 2.86 0.82 17.11 1.93 11.81 1.42

3.83 0.48 2.51 0.53 * * * * 3.28 0.65 * * 9.07 1.30 7.05 1.34

65.41 1.54 59.12 1.71 47.35 1.97 40.31 2.39 70.27 2.06 63.48 2.31 82.14 2.04 77.64 1.7933.12 1.04 27.41 1.25 16.72 1.07 12.31 1.18 32.38 2.20 29.15 2.15 56.39 2.44 45.03 2.3017.08 0.84 12.01 0.67 6.31 0.70 3.31 0.54 14.67 1.44 11.15 1.05 35.36 2.38 25.08 1.72

8.75 0.55 5.84 0.54 2.25 0.44 * * 7.96 1.05 4.52 0.61 18.76 1.70 13.99 1.39

4.53 0.47 3.11 0.34 1.10 0.19 * * 4.42 0.83 1.87 0.41 9.30 1.30 8.55 1.04

2.66 0.40 1.45 0.18 0.75 0.18 * * 2.74 0.72 * * 5.10 1.04 4.27 0.66

Page 62[ Series11, No. 248
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 63

Table 55. Prevalence of periodontal disease among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics: United States, National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

20–34 years.................................... 8.48 0.79 3.84 0.45 †–4.64

35–49 years.................................... 15.73 1.26 10.41 0.81 †–5.32

50–64 years.................................... 21.87 2.20 11.88 1.13 †–10.00

Sex

Male ........................................ 18.04 1.24 10.65 0.86 †–7.39

Female....................................... 11.68 1.06 6.40 0.57 †–5.29

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 12.60 1.26 5.82 0.58 †–6.78

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 26.17 1.35 16.81 0.95 †–9.36

Mexican American ................................ 19.72 0.94 13.76 1.53 †–5.96

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 27.82 2.34 13.95 1.85 †–13.87

100%–199% FPL ................................ 18.71 1.54 15.34 1.22 –3.36

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 12.14 1.15 5.96 0.56 †–6.19

Education

Less than high school.............................. 23.84 1.74 17.33 1.65 †–6.51

High school .................................... 17.06 1.31 9.34 0.98 †–7.71

More than high school ............................. 9.58 1.00 5.78 0.52 †–3.80

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 25.28 1.90 14.74 1.36 †–10.54

Former smoker .................................. 13.56 1.39 7.61 0.77 †–5.95

Never smoked .................................. 9.21 0.79 5.94 0.59 †–3.27

Total ........................................ 14.81 1.06 8.52 0.65 †–6.28

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: At least one periodontal site with 3 millimeters or more of loss of attachment and 4 millimeters or more of pocket depth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 64 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 56. Prevalence of moderate or severe periodontitis among dentate adults 20–64 years of age, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

20–34 years.................................... 2.82 0.36 * * **

35–49 years.................................... 9.04 0.73 5.00 0.51 †–4.04

50–64 years.................................... 19.72 1.41 10.73 0.86 †–8.99

Sex

Male ........................................ 12.77 0.78 6.74 0.56 †–6.03

Female....................................... 6.64 0.62 3.46 0.39 †–3.18

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 8.15 0.72 4.15 0.36 †–4.00

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 17.14 0.89 8.30 0.60 †–8.84

Mexican American ................................ 12.22 0.65 6.43 0.99 †–5.79

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 19.06 1.52 9.92 1.03 †–9.14

100%–199% FPL ................................ 13.23 1.03 9.42 0.96 †–3.81

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 7.62 0.62 3.50 0.34 †–4.12

Education

Less than high school.............................. 17.54 1.26 11.64 1.14 †–5.90

High school .................................... 10.41 0.83 5.65 0.58 †–4.76

More than high school ............................. 5.89 0.56 3.11 0.27 †–2.78

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 19.45 1.29 11.14 0.83 †–8.31

Former smoker .................................. 8.30 0.94 4.62 0.58 †–3.68

Never smoked .................................. 4.51 0.42 2.34 0.29 †–2.17

Total ........................................ 9.63 0.57 5.08 0.34 †–4.55

† P-value < 0.05.

* CV is more than 30 percent.

** Difference could not be estimated because CV of one or more estimates is greater than 30 percent.

NOTES: Uses CDC-AAP definition of moderate and severe periodontitis definition. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 65

Table 57. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–2d: Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among adults 35–44 years of age,

by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 29.37 1.84 30.08 2.07 0.71

Female....................................... 24.61 1.99 25.40 1.60 0.79

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 22.61 1.66 23.08 2.03 0.46

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 47.02 2.36 39.96 2.68 †–7.06

Mexican American ................................ 33.59 1.82 40.16 2.84 6.57

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 53.36 2.84 49.36 3.20 –4.00

100%–199% FPL ................................ 44.42 3.42 44.93 2.95 0.51

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 19.14 1.62 19.17 1.63 0.03

Education

Less than high school.............................. 51.13 3.31 50.35 2.25 –0.78

High school .................................... 34.44 2.30 35.04 2.97 0.60

More than high school ............................. 15.63 1.30 18.32 1.44 2.69

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 40.29 1.98 46.10 2.86 5.81

Former smoker .................................. 22.47 2.44 20.23 2.77 –2.25

Never smoked .................................. 20.71 2.18 21.29 1.66 0.58

Total ........................................ 26.85 1.37 27.75 1.57 0.90

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 66 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 58. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–3: No permanent tooth loss due to caries or periodontal disease among adults 35–44 years of

age, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 28.85 2.16 42.50 2.00 †13.65

Female....................................... 31.22 1.98 34.18 2.01 2.96

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 34.43 2.14 41.55 1.71 †7.12

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 11.62 1.59 27.43 2.17 †15.81

Mexican American ................................ 30.22 1.32 38.18 1.93 †7.96

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 15.94 3.08 23.31 2.88 7.37

100%–199% FPL ................................ 17.29 2.54 23.58 2.05 6.29

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 35.36 2.16 45.31 1.57 †9.95

Education

Less than high school.............................. 14.12 2.55 21.69 2.31 †7.58

High school .................................... 20.56 1.99 29.38 2.41 †8.82

More than high school ............................. 40.23 2.23 47.04 1.65 †6.81

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 20.09 1.98 24.99 2.02 4.90

Former smoker .................................. 32.66 3.87 37.09 2.97 4.43

Never smoked .................................. 35.37 2.35 46.01 1.79 †10.64

Total ........................................ 30.10 1.61 38.35 1.39 †8.25

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 67

Table 59. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–5b: Prevalence of destructive periodontal disease# among adults 35–44 years of age, by

selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Sex

Male ........................................ 29.41 2.00 20.18 1.39 †–9.23

Female....................................... 15.37 1.63 11.89 1.32 –3.48

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 19.66 1.47 13.79 0.76 †–5.86

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 33.26 1.95 23.46 2.07 †–9.81

Mexican American ................................ 25.13 1.56 16.01 2.55 †–9.12

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 41.85 4.42 27.73 3.33 †–14.12

100%–199% FPL ................................ 30.87 2.96 27.64 2.24 –3.23

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 17.43 1.26 10.98 0.94 †–6.45

Education

Less than high school.............................. 35.46 3.35 33.53 3.02 –1.93

High school .................................... 28.32 2.38 17.81 1.94 †–10.51

More than high school ............................. 14.67 1.50 10.80 1.09 †–3.87

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 42.73 2.45 27.54 1.84 †–15.20

Former smoker .................................. 16.16 2.29 15.07 2.28 –1.09

Never smoked .................................. 12.50 1.50 10.71 1.10 –1.78

Total ........................................ 22.11 1.36 16.15 0.85 †–5.96

† P-value < 0.05.

# Attachment loss is greater than 4 millimeters at one or more periodontal sites.
th and mouth among seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination,

1988–1994 1999–2004

ellent or Excellent or Difference

ry good Good Fair Poor very good Good Fair Poor in percent

excellent

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard or

t error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error very good

1.63 34.38 1.57 25.51 1.32 17.53 1.27 23.26 1.33 38.31 1.64 24.31 1.60 14.12 1.22 0.68

1.78 33.67 2.10 26.10 1.77 20.27 1.83 24.99 1.96 36.71 1.36 20.78 1.36 17.52 1.18 5.022.35 31.04 2.20 27.94 1.81 18.70 1.91 22.58 1.68 37.35 1.61 23.79 1.48 16.28 1.07 0.261.53 36.13 1.74 24.30 1.44 18.91 1.34 25.35 1.58 37.75 1.50 21.70 1.42 15.21 1.16 †4.69

1.15 35.20 1.47 25.20 1.08 16.61 1.02 25.66 1.43 39.65 1.34 21.48 1.37 13.21 1.01 2.67

1.75 28.35 2.83 29.34 2.77 33.69 2.93 13.40 1.50 25.36 2.39 28.29 2.89 32.95 2.54 †4.78

2.34 24.12 1.83 32.19 2.81 34.50 2.61 9.20 1.34 23.85 2.29 34.45 2.87 32.50 2.63 0.01

2.97 26.22 3.64 23.90 3.37 36.68 2.87 8.18 2.18 23.97 3.36 29.43 3.14 38.42 3.74 –5.011.96 30.94 3.11 28.34 2.07 25.18 2.17 20.92 2.30 30.07 2.65 28.63 2.38 20.39 1.96 5.39

1.29 36.22 1.55 24.30 1.51 13.61 1.19 26.91 1.54 42.73 1.38 19.25 1.29 11.11 0.96 1.04

1.65 32.08 1.73 26.20 1.19 26.00 1.90 15.62 1.42 28.84 2.33 29.37 1.80 26.17 2.09 †–0.11

1.60 37.86 2.35 27.10 2.23 15.42 1.13 22.51 1.74 41.14 1.94 22.68 1.85 13.67 1.73 2.89

2.21 33.52 2.27 24.17 2.37 13.74 1.86 29.67 1.77 39.95 1.62 19.15 1.42 11.23 1.18 1.10

* 34.32 6.00 28.50 4.66 29.28 5.65 21.69 4.52 24.96 4.85 23.65 4.80 29.70 4.29 **

1.92 30.70 1.86 27.43 1.82 19.93 1.57 22.23 1.81 35.73 1.86 24.83 1.89 17.21 1.29 0.291.55 36.75 1.99 23.76 1.37 16.08 1.48 26.00 1.49 40.35 1.58 20.90 1.35 12.75 1.06 2.591.12 34.06 1.34 25.78 1.07 18.77 1.03 24.05 1.23 37.58 1.19 22.71 1.16 15.66 0.83 2.65

f one or more estimates is greater than 30 percent.

Page 68[ Series11, No. 248
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 69

Table 61. Prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

65–74 years.................................... 95.22 0.64 93.25 0.80 –1.97

75 years or more................................. 93.71 1.03 92.70 0.91 –1.01

Sex

Male ........................................ 94.85 0.78 93.64 0.90 –1.20

Female....................................... 94.29 0.89 92.49 0.83 –1.80

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 95.89 0.59 94.86 0.72 –1.02

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 82.65 2.79 80.20 2.93 –2.44

Mexican American ................................ 87.37 1.95 83.82 1.67 –3.55

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 84.10 2.85 83.47 2.52 –0.63

100%–199% FPL ................................ 93.36 1.39 90.92 1.39 –2.44

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 96.63 0.49 95.53 0.72 –1.11

Education

Less than high school.............................. 90.47 1.26 83.73 1.61 †–6.74

High school .................................... 95.92 0.96 94.27 1.24 –1.66

More than high school ............................. 97.80 0.62 97.04 0.67 –0.76

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 92.48 1.85 89.28 2.58 –3.20

Former smoker .................................. 94.94 0.69 93.48 0.95 –1.46

Never smoked .................................. 94.57 0.92 93.01 0.90 –1.56

Total ........................................ 94.54 0.62 93.00 0.64 –1.54

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: DMFT is the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 70 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 62. Prevalence of untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

65–74 years.................................... 25.42 1.76 17.07 1.39 †–8.35

75 years or more................................. 30.32 1.77 19.52 1.27 †–10.80

Sex

Male ........................................ 31.91 1.57 20.42 1.32 †–11.49

Female....................................... 24.50 1.80 16.43 1.18 †–8.07

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 25.04 1.53 15.92 1.27 †–9.12

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 53.90 3.75 36.78 3.22 †–17.12

Mexican American ................................ 49.11 3.78 41.19 2.94 –7.92

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 46.58 3.85 33.22 3.31 †–13.36

100%–199% FPL ................................ 37.10 2.49 23.82 1.72 †–13.29

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 21.14 1.66 14.22 1.21 †–6.92

Education

Less than high school.............................. 36.45 2.38 26.16 2.31 †–10.30

High school .................................... 24.41 2.23 17.68 1.39 †–6.73

More than high school ............................. 20.66 1.77 14.30 1.31 †–6.36

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 38.75 4.35 27.28 3.70 †–11.47

Former smoker .................................. 27.44 2.04 18.74 1.33 †–8.70

Never smoked .................................. 25.61 1.81 16.58 1.31 †–9.04

Total ........................................ 27.64 1.49 18.18 1.02 †–9.46

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 71

Table 63. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, decayed and filled teeth, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth in permanent teeth of

dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994

DMFT DFT DT MT FT

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error

Age

65–74 years .....................

75 years or more ..................

18.49

19.86

0.29

0.27

9.82

8.42

0.31

0.38

0.62

0.69

0.06

0.07

8.67

11.44

0.29

0.35

9.21

7.73

0.33

0.42

Sex

Male ..........................

Female ........................

18.95

19.28

0.27

0.29

9.15

9.18

0.40

0.29

0.81

0.54

0.07

0.06

9.80

10.09

0.39

0.28

8.34

8.64

0.44

0.31

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................

Black, non-Hispanic ................

Mexican American .................

19.47

16.74

15.69

0.26

0.33

0.30

9.88

4.20

5.43

0.32

0.18

0.36

0.54

1.71

1.64

0.05

0.23

0.19

9.59

12.55

10.26

0.26

0.37

0.44

9.35

2.48

3.80

0.35

0.21

0.33

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................

100%–199% FPL ..................

Greater than 200% FPL ..............

18.49

18.72

19.32

0.63

0.42

0.22

5.94

7.03

10.53

0.52

0.34

0.31

1.62

0.97

0.38

0.23

0.08

0.04

12.55

11.69

8.79

0.81

0.37

0.27

4.33

6.06

10.15

0.57

0.36

0.33

Education

Less than high school ...............

High school......................

More than high school ...............

18.60

19.24

19.53

0.35

0.41

0.23

6.84

9.20

11.68

0.34

0.35

0.25

1.05

0.47

0.39

0.10

0.05

0.05

11.76

10.04

7.85

0.37

0.36

0.28

5.80

8.73

11.30

0.37

0.37

0.27

Smoking history

Current smoker ...................

Former smoker ...................

Never smoked ....................

19.58

19.66

18.56

0.59

0.20

0.33

7.44

9.37

9.39

0.60

0.42

0.30

0.95

0.61

0.61

0.12

0.07

0.06

12.14

10.29

9.17

0.71

0.41

0.31

6.49

8.76

8.77

0.62

0.45

0.33

Total .......................... 19.11 0.24 9.19 0.30 0.65 0.05 9.92 0.26 8.54 0.34

DMFT DFT

1999–2004

DT MT FT

Difference

in

mean

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error DMFT DFT

Age

65–74 years .....................

75 years or more ..................

17.68

18.30

0.20

0.29

9.35

8.89

0.23

0.26

0.39

0.47

0.05

0.05

8.32

9.41

0.28

0.30

8.96

8.42

0.26

0.28

†–0.82

†–1.56

–0.47

0.47

Sex

Male ..........................

Female ........................

17.57

18.30

0.28

0.25

8.90

9.35

0.22

0.27

0.53

0.35

0.05

0.04

8.67

8.96

0.29

0.28

8.37

8.99

0.25

0.29

†–1.38

†–0.97

–0.25

0.16

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................

Black, non-Hispanic ................

Mexican American .................

18.23

16.90

15.11

0.24

0.36

0.41

9.93

4.29

5.37

0.21

0.31

0.45

0.36

1.04

1.10

0.04

0.14

0.08

8.30

12.61

9.74

0.25

0.48

0.38

9.57

3.25

4.26

0.24

0.31

0.47

†–1.25

0.16

–0.59

0.04

0.09

–0.07

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................

100%–199% FPL ..................

Greater than 200% FPL ..............

17.30

18.21

18.15

0.55

0.48

0.21

5.10

7.42

10.53

0.38

0.39

0.16

1.01

0.58

0.29

0.15

0.07

0.04

12.19

10.79

7.61

0.75

0.52

0.22

4.10

6.84

10.24

0.35

0.41

0.17

–1.19

–0.51

†–1.17

–0.84

0.39

0.00

Education

Less than high school ...............

High school......................

More than high school ...............

17.68

18.35

17.90

0.38

0.34

0.22

5.69

8.77

11.19

0.31

0.30

0.21

0.77

0.38

0.28

0.11

0.06

0.04

11.99

9.58

6.71

0.39

0.36

0.24

4.92

8.39

10.91

0.37

0.30

0.22

–0.93

–0.89

†–1.63

–1.15

–0.43

–0.49

Smoking history

Current smoker ...................

Former smoker ...................

Never smoked ....................

18.95

18.40

17.46

0.54

0.24

0.31

6.50

8.83

9.70

0.60

0.23

0.29

0.82

0.42

0.39

0.14

0.05

0.05

12.45

9.58

7.76

0.74

0.29

0.34

5.68

8.41

9.31

0.62

0.24

0.31

–0.63

†–1.26

†–1.10

–0.94

–0.54

0.31

Total .......................... 17.96 0.23 9.14 0.20 0.43 0.04 8.81 0.23 8.71 0.22 †–1.16 –0.05

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: DMFT is number of decayed, missing (due to disease), and filled permanent teeth, dft is number of decayed and filled primary teeth, DT is number of decayed permanent teeth, MT is number

of permanenet teeth missing due to disease, FT is number of filled permanent teeth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 72 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 64. Mean number of decayed, missing, filled, decayed and filled, and decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth of

dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,

1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994

DMFS DFS DS MS FS

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error

Age

65–74 years .....................

75 years or more ..................

72.04

80.64

1.20

1.29

30.79

26.59

1.15

1.58

1.69

1.89

0.20

0.21

41.26

54.04

1.30

1.60

29.10

24.70

1.20

1.71

Sex

Male ..........................

Female ........................

75.53

76.57

1.24

1.33

29.17

28.66

1.47

1.14

2.25

1.46

0.24

0.18

46.36

47.92

1.81

1.29

26.92

27.20

1.61

1.21

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................

Black, non-Hispanic ................

Mexican American .................

76.75

70.51

64.48

1.10

1.63

1.31

31.24

11.48

16.06

1.25

0.73

1.37

1.40

5.13

4.90

0.15

0.82

0.59

45.51

59.03

48.42

1.21

1.67

1.99

29.84

6.35

11.16

1.33

0.58

1.35

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................

100%–199% FPL ..................

Greater than 200% FPL ..............

77.03

75.61

75.84

3.01

1.84

1.06

17.97

20.32

34.01

1.88

1.21

1.23

5.08

2.73

0.92

0.86

0.30

0.13

59.07

55.29

41.83

3.70

1.67

1.29

12.88

17.59

33.08

1.92

1.30

1.28

Education

Less than high school ...............

High school......................

More than high school ...............

75.67

76.21

75.88

1.51

1.80

1.32

20.10

28.53

38.53

1.15

1.32

1.18

3.08

1.21

0.87

0.35

0.19

0.12

55.57

47.68

37.35

1.68

1.64

1.33

17.02

27.32

37.66

1.25

1.37

1.22

Smoking history

Current smoker ...................

Former smoker ...................

Never smoked ....................

80.53

78.82

72.62

2.82

1.05

1.49

23.18

30.12

29.02

2.11

1.58

1.16

2.42

1.65

1.72

0.35

0.23

0.21

57.35

48.69

43.60

3.22

1.88

1.44

20.76

28.47

27.30

2.12

1.69

1.25

Total .......................... 75.93 1.01 28.89 1.18 1.78 0.17 47.04 1.19 27.11 1.29

DMFS DFS

1999–2004

DS MS FS

Difference

in

mean

Characteristic Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error Mean

Standard

error DS FS

Age

65–74 years .....................

75 years or more ..................

69.88

74.08

1.08

1.39

30.29

29.39

0.95

1.01

0.92

1.37

0.12

0.16

39.59

44.69

1.30

1.38

29.36

28.03

0.98

1.07

†–0.76

†–0.53

0.26

3.33

Sex

Male ..........................

Female ........................

70.02

73.36

1.30

1.13

28.89

30.72

0.91

1.10

1.40

0.92

0.16

0.14

41.13

42.64

1.36

1.31

27.49

29.80

0.97

1.14

†–0.85

†–0.54

0.57

2.60

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ................

Black, non-Hispanic ................

Mexican American .................

72.36

70.89

62.19

1.09

1.82

1.70

32.83

11.40

16.07

0.90

0.85

1.69

0.95

2.64

3.08

0.12

0.46

0.40

39.53

59.49

46.12

1.18

2.18

1.79

31.88

8.76

12.99

0.97

0.92

1.60

†–0.45

†–2.49

†–1.82

2.04

†2.41

1.83

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL................

100%–199% FPL ..................

Greater than 200% FPL ..............

72.54

73.94

71.61

2.75

2.30

0.93

15.06

22.80

35.29

1.58

1.51

0.63

2.85

1.42

0.72

0.50

0.21

0.11

57.48

51.14

36.32

3.48

2.43

1.02

12.21

21.37

34.57

1.46

1.58

0.66

†–2.23

†–1.31

–0.20

–0.68

3.78

1.49

Education

Less than high school ...............

High school......................

More than high school ...............

73.46

73.39

70.04

1.71

1.61

1.04

16.91

27.73

37.98

1.23

1.18

0.75

2.15

0.98

0.66

0.35

0.18

0.11

56.54

45.66

32.06

1.78

1.69

1.14

14.76

26.76

37.32

1.42

1.20

0.78

–0.93

–0.23

–0.21

–2.26

–0.57

–0.34

Smoking history

Current smoker ...................

Former smoker ...................

Never smoked ....................

79.87

74.82

68.25

2.57

1.16

1.42

21.32

29.34

31.24

2.09

0.95

1.14

2.36

1.01

1.06

0.47

0.12

0.18

58.55

45.48

37.01

3.44

1.37

1.56

18.96

28.33

30.18

2.11

0.96

1.21

–0.06

†–0.64

†–0.66

–1.80

–0.15

2.88

Total .......................... 71.78 1.03 29.88 0.82 1.12 0.10 41.90 1.07 28.76 0.87 †–0.66 1.65

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: DMFS is number of decayed, missing (due to disease), and filled surfaces in permanent teeth, DS is number of decayed surfaces in permanent teeth, MS is number of surfaces that are

missing because permanent teeth were extracted due to disease, FS is number of filled surfaces in permanent teeth, and DFS is number of decayed and filled surfaces in permanent teeth. FPL is

federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 73

Table 65. Contribution of decayed or filled surfaces on the mean number of decayed and filled surfaces among dentate seniors 65 years of

age and older with at least one decayed or filled permanent surface, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Percent DS/DFS Percent FS/DFS Percent DS/DFS Percent FS/DFS

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Difference

DS/DFS

Age

65–74 years ..........................

75 years or more .......................

11.26

14.51

1.17

1.44

88.74

85.50

1.17

1.43

7.79

8.70

0.77

0.83

92.22

91.31

0.77

0.83

†–3.47

†–5.81

Sex

Male...............................

Female .............................

15.38

10.95

1.46

1.12

84.63

89.06

1.46

1.12

10.16

6.63

0.85

0.71

89.85

93.37

0.85

0.71

†–5.22

†–4.32

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic .....................

Black, non-Hispanic .....................

Mexican American ......................

9.35

47.78

37.28

0.92

3.64

3.48

90.66

52.24

62.73

0.92

3.64

3.48

6.03

30.08

29.86

0.71

3.49

3.20

93.98

69.93

70.15

0.71

3.49

3.20

†–3.32

†–17.70

–7.43

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ....................

100%–199% FPL .......................

Greater than 200% FPL ...................

37.71

21.28

6.44

3.94

1.98

0.86

62.29

78.74

93.57

3.94

1.98

0.86

24.66

12.38

4.26

3.05

1.24

0.46

75.35

87.62

95.75

3.05

1.24

0.46

†–13.05

†–8.89

†–2.18

Education

Less than high school ....................

High school ..........................

More than high school ....................

23.76

7.90

5.44

1.97

0.88

0.87

76.25

92.11

94.57

1.97

0.88

0.87

18.53

6.99

4.24

2.06

0.79

0.54

81.47

93.02

95.77

2.06

0.79

0.54

–5.22

–0.91

–1.20

Smoking history

Current smoker ........................

Former smoker ........................

Never smoked.........................

21.47

12.02

11.72

3.73

1.68

1.28

78.54

87.99

88.29

3.73

1.68

1.28

16.32

7.83

7.49

2.85

0.81

0.79

83.68

92.18

92.51

2.86

0.81

0.79

–5.15

†–4.19

†–4.23

Total ............................... 12.73 1.10 87.28 1.10 8.20 0.62 91.80 0.62 †–4.53

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: DS is number of decayed surfaces in permanent teeth, FS is number of filled surfaces in permanent teeth, and DFS is number of decayed and filled surfaces in permanent teeth. FPL is

federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 74 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 66. Prevalence of root caries among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004 Difference

in percent

Decayed or restored Decayed Restored Decayed or restored Decayed Restored

with

decayed or

restored

Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard root

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error Percent error caries

Age

65–74 years .............. 42.60 2.86 19.18 1.30 29.83 3.27 31.70 2.08 12.42 1.18 22.67 2.08 †–10.91

75 years or more ........... 49.71 3.65 26.02 1.90 33.09 4.66 42.31 2.49 16.61 1.70 31.70 2.31 –7.40

Sex

Male................... 48.37 2.81 26.95 1.85 30.72 3.68 40.86 2.11 17.93 1.64 28.11 2.12 †7.51

Female ................. 43.83 3.51 18.88 1.55 31.67 3.97 32.95 2.06 11.40 1.30 25.62 1.93 †–10.88

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... 46.29 3.02 20.24 1.25 34.60 3.75 35.96 1.96 12.20 1.22 28.51 1.97 †–10.33

Black, non-Hispanic ......... 47.97 4.13 42.32 4.09 9.09 2.07 39.00 3.81 31.24 3.65 10.20 2.05 –8.97

Mexican American .......... 52.75 4.37 40.39 3.05 16.52 3.88 41.17 2.52 30.49 2.33 16.82 2.63 †–11.58

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ 52.74 4.61 38.13 4.02 20.15 4.93 37.24 4.90 24.43 3.46 16.63 3.81 †–15.50

100%–199% FPL ........... 51.13 3.12 32.45 2.97 28.16 4.10 38.97 2.12 18.26 2.02 24.70 2.63 †–12.16

Greater than 200% FPL ....... 43.06 3.55 15.73 1.25 34.00 3.95 35.26 2.17 11.15 1.49 29.03 2.00 –7.80

Education

Less than high school ........ 50.33 2.71 29.59 2.30 27.65 3.38 39.69 2.68 23.64 2.25 21.68 3.12 †–10.64

High school .............. 42.70 4.27 18.17 1.62 33.57 4.64 40.80 2.68 14.70 1.59 31.42 2.76 –1.90

More than high school ........ 42.48 3.87 17.62 1.78 32.73 4.96 32.17 2.15 8.91 1.25 26.62 1.95 †–10.31

Smoking history

Current smoker ............ 54.66 5.15 30.05 3.87 31.01 5.29 45.22 6.01 27.87 4.74 25.94 4.88 –9.43

Former smoker ............ 48.67 3.67 23.64 2.04 35.18 4.32 40.98 2.14 15.90 1.65 30.30 2.45 –7.69

Never smoked............. 41.23 2.70 19.37 1.49 27.95 3.53 32.22 2.00 11.54 1.15 24.31 2.00 †–9.00

Total ................... 45.82 2.78 22.27 1.20 31.31 3.56 36.50 1.75 14.32 1.11 26.76 1.80 †–9.32

* CV is more than 30 percent.

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 75

Table 67. Mean number of permanent teeth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Difference

Standard Standard in mean

Characteristic Mean error Mean error teeth

Age

65–74 years.................................... 19.12 0.30 19.34 0.27 0.23

75 years or more................................. 16.43 0.35 18.36 0.29 †1.93

Sex

Male ........................................ 17.97 0.40 19.03 0.29 †1.05

Female....................................... 17.76 0.27 18.77 0.27 †1.00

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 18.22 0.26 19.39 0.24 †1.16

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 15.29 0.37 15.19 0.47 –0.10

Mexican American ................................ 17.54 0.45 18.15 0.40 0.61

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 15.35 0.80 15.58 0.79 0.24

100%–199% FPL ................................ 16.11 0.36 16.99 0.50 0.88

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 19.01 0.28 20.08 0.21 †1.07

Education

Less than high school.............................. 16.12 0.36 15.86 0.39 –0.25

High school .................................... 17.79 0.34 18.10 0.35 0.32

More than high school ............................. 19.91 0.29 20.96 0.24 †1.05

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 15.46 0.72 15.39 0.76 –0.07

Former smoker .................................. 17.49 0.42 18.16 0.30 0.67

Never smoked .................................. 18.72 0.30 19.91 0.33 †1.20

Total ........................................ 17.90 0.26 18.90 0.22 †1.00

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 76 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 68. Prevalence of edentulism among seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Standard Standard

Characteristic Percent error Percent error Difference

Age

65–74 years.................................... 28.63 1.94 23.93 1.53 –4.69

75 years or more................................. 40.28 2.31 31.30 1.81 †–8.99

Sex

Male ........................................ 34.55 1.80 24.42 1.57 †–10.13

Female....................................... 33.66 1.94 29.30 1.59 –4.36

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 33.62 1.93 26.12 1.64 †–7.50

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 38.11 2.31 32.81 2.40 –5.30

Mexican American ................................ 27.12 2.57 23.90 2.53 –3.22

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 46.03 3.09 44.19 3.63 –1.84

100%–199% FPL ................................ 45.12 1.97 36.61 2.07 †–8.50

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 24.39 1.90 17.25 1.27 †–7.13

Education

Less than high school.............................. 45.51 1.96 43.32 2.56 –2.19

High school .................................... 31.07 2.39 28.28 2.37 –2.78

More than high school ............................. 17.26 1.64 13.65 1.10 –3.61

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 51.59 3.32 49.69 3.18 –1.90

Former smoker .................................. 35.07 2.41 28.69 1.96 †–6.38

Never smoked .................................. 27.99 1.91 21.72 1.68 †–6.27

Total ........................................ 33.90 1.73 27.27 1.43 †–6.64

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 77

Table 69. Time since last dental visit among seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health

and Nutrition Examination, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994

Never 1 year or less 1–2 years 2–3 years 3–5 years More than 5 years

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Age

65–74 years ..............

75 years or more ...........

2.48

4.52

0.62

0.98

56.75

50.45

2.02

2.49

9.93

7.49

0.95

1.05

4.61

3.71

0.68

0.48

5.11

6.87

0.65

0.75

21.12

26.97

1.72

1.89

Sex

Male...................

Female .................

3.27

3.59

0.81

0.90

53.22

54.44

2.21

2.13

8.90

8.79

0.96

0.92

4.86

3.70

0.63

0.60

5.89

5.82

0.75

0.57

23.86

23.66

1.48

1.90

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic .........

Black, non-Hispanic .........

Mexican American ..........

3.33

2.42

6.13

0.75

0.61

1.51

56.54

36.55

41.80

2.09

1.89

2.31

8.72

9.82

10.02

0.86

1.09

1.72

3.39

7.29

7.34

0.38

1.52

1.29

5.25

9.24

8.89

0.39

1.46

1.26

22.77

34.69

25.83

1.77

2.24

2.10

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........

100%–199% FPL ...........

Greater than 200% FPL .......

5.74

5.45

*

1.33

1.52

*

35.45

39.61

65.83

2.47

2.12

2.23

9.48

10.05

8.39

2.38

0.95

1.03

4.69

4.87

3.29

0.87

0.89

0.53

9.75

7.81

4.21

1.96

0.79

0.56

34.89

32.22

16.67

3.60

2.20

1.53

Education

Less than high school ........

High school ..............

More than high school ........

4.47

*

*

1.02

*

*

38.67

57.63

76.26

1.93

2.32

1.96

8.90

10.91

6.59

0.90

1.60

0.87

5.22

4.21

*

0.67

0.81

*

7.33

5.89

3.35

0.73

0.82

0.64

35.41

18.41

9.83

2.14

1.65

1.42

Smoking history

Current smoker ............

Former smoker ............

Never smoked.............

5.04

3.41

3.26

1.47

0.87

0.90

36.71

54.97

57.52

3.21

2.71

2.07

9.44

8.95

8.28

2.35

0.82

0.96

4.60

3.86

4.28

1.05

0.69

0.61

7.46

7.01

4.79

1.72

0.69

0.60

36.75

21.80

21.87

3.66

2.17

1.36

Total ................... 3.40 0.69 53.90 1.94 8.82 0.73 4.20 0.42 5.91 0.46 23.76 1.59

Characteristic

1999–2004

Never 1 year or less 1–2 years 2–3 years 3–5 years

Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

More than 5 years

Percent

Standard

error

Difference

in percent

with last

dental visit

within the

past year

Age

65–74 years .............. * * 56.90 1.98 8.78 0.84 6.04 0.82 6.67 0.84 21.23 1.73 0.16

75 years or more ........... * * 51.64 2.25 9.28 0.82 6.01 0.57 7.37 0.74 25.52 1.61 1.19

Sex

Male................... * * 56.15 1.71 8.40 0.84 5.71 0.68 6.37 0.65 23.04 1.37 2.93

Female ................. * * 53.56 2.21 9.33 0.98 6.21 0.59 7.41 0.72 23.24 1.56 –0.88

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ......... * * 57.96 2.20 8.35 0.74 5.63 0.57 6.10 0.59 21.85 1.62 1.42

Black, non-Hispanic ......... * * 37.99 2.29 13.45 1.39 5.59 0.93 11.28 1.34 30.59 1.99 1.44

Mexican American .......... 4.12 0.73 38.31 2.90 9.92 0.76 9.25 1.32 9.32 1.62 29.08 2.32 –3.49

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ........ * * 30.23 3.29 9.39 1.06 7.48 1.73 13.14 1.91 38.82 3.60 –5.22

100%–199% FPL ........... * * 42.19 2.47 9.56 1.19 6.88 0.85 7.59 1.18 33.51 2.27 2.59

Greater than 200% FPL ....... * * 67.08 2.01 8.86 0.88 4.94 0.59 4.85 0.63 14.22 1.31 1.25

Education

Less than high school ........ * * 35.28 1.87 10.61 0.92 6.90 0.95 9.99 0.95 36.43 1.82 –3.40

High school .............. * * 53.63 2.62 7.79 0.91 6.44 1.09 7.25 0.98 24.82 2.59 –4.00

More than high school ........ * * 71.47 1.78 8.68 1.04 4.96 0.77 4.07 0.57 10.77 1.01 –4.79

Smoking history

Current smoker ............ * * 33.91 3.86 8.86 1.65 4.17 1.27 13.15 2.17 39.00 3.66 –2.80

Former smoker ............ * * 54.91 2.34 8.46 0.91 6.81 0.68 6.20 0.69 23.42 1.88 –0.06

Never smoked............. * * 57.75 2.17 9.70 1.02 5.72 0.66 6.56 0.68 19.97 1.51 0.24

Total ................... * * 54.52 1.82 9.01 0.61 6.03 0.52 6.99 0.56 23.18 1.36 0.62

* CV is more than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 78 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 70. Mean recession among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Difference

Mean Standard Mean Standard in mean

Characteristic (millimeter) error (millimeter) error recession

Age

65–74 years.................................... 0.73 0.04 1.85 0.20 †1.12

75 years or more................................. 0.93 0.07 2.83 0.48 †1.90

Sex

Male ........................................ 0.95 0.06 2.40 0.25 †1.45

Female....................................... 0.73 0.05 2.19 0.38 †1.46

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 0.79 0.05 2.22 0.30 †1.44

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 1.22 0.09 2.48 0.30 †1.27

Mexican American ................................ 1.03 0.10 2.80 0.52 †1.77

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 1.26 0.10 3.81 1.01 †2.55

100%–199% FPL ................................ 0.93 0.06 2.70 0.58 †1.77

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 0.71 0.05 1.98 0.31 †1.27

Education

Less than high school.............................. 1.02 0.06 3.74 0.89 †2.72

High school .................................... 0.78 0.07 2.15 0.31 †1.37

More than high school ............................. 0.65 0.06 1.61 0.16 †0.96

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 1.43 0.12 3.97 0.84 †2.54

Former smoker .................................. 0.86 0.07 2.48 0.28 †1.63

Never smoked .................................. 0.69 0.05 2.00 0.38 †1.32

Total ........................................ 0.82 0.05 2.30 0.27 †1.47

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 79

Table 71. Mean pocket depth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States, National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004 Difference

in mean

Mean Standard Mean Standard pocket

Characteristic (millimeter) error (millimeter) error depth

Age

65–74 years.................................... 1.48 0.03 1.07 0.03 †–0.41

75 years or more................................. 1.46 0.03 1.08 0.04 †–0.38

Sex

Male ........................................ 1.57 0.03 1.18 0.03 †–0.40

Female....................................... 1.40 0.03 0.99 0.03 †–0.41

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 1.44 0.03 1.04 0.03 †–0.40

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 1.79 0.05 1.26 0.07 †–0.53

Mexican American ................................ 1.67 0.04 1.17 0.06 †–0.50

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 1.63 0.05 1.27 0.06 †–0.36

100%–199% FPL ................................ 1.52 0.05 1.10 0.04 †–0.42

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 1.43 0.03 1.03 0.03 †–0.40

Education

Less than high school.............................. 1.58 0.04 1.23 0.04 †–0.34

High school .................................... 1.41 0.04 0.98 0.04 †–0.43

More than high school ............................. 1.42 0.03 1.06 0.03 †–0.36

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 1.54 0.06 1.22 0.08 †–0.32

Former smoker .................................. 1.53 0.03 1.06 0.03 †–0.47

Never smoked .................................. 1.42 0.03 1.06 0.03 †–0.35

Total ........................................ 1.47 0.03 1.07 0.03 †–0.40

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 80 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 72. Mean loss of attachment among dentate adults seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004 Difference

in mean

Mean Standard Mean Standard loss of

Characteristic (millimeter) error (millimeter) error attachment

Age

65–74 years.................................... 1.94 0.07 1.44 0.05 †–0.49

75 years or more................................. 2.16 0.09 1.68 0.06 †–0.48

Sex

Male ........................................ 2.26 0.08 1.73 0.05 †–0.53

Female....................................... 1.87 0.08 1.41 0.05 †–0.46

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ............................... 1.97 0.07 1.47 0.05 †–0.50

Black, non-Hispanic ............................... 2.74 0.13 1.93 0.12 †–0.82

Mexican American ................................ 2.46 0.12 1.90 0.11 †–0.56

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL .............................. 2.64 0.15 2.30 0.24 –0.34

100%–199% FPL ................................ 2.20 0.10 1.65 0.08 †–0.55

Greater than 200% FPL ............................ 1.87 0.07 1.39 0.05 †–0.47

Education

Less than high school.............................. 2.35 0.08 2.10 0.09 †–0.25

High school .................................... 1.94 0.11 1.41 0.06 †–0.53

More than high school ............................. 1.78 0.09 1.36 0.05 †–0.42

Smoking history

Current smoker.................................. 2.79 0.13 2.41 0.19 –0.38

Former smoker .................................. 2.13 0.09 1.67 0.06 †–0.46

Never smoked .................................. 1.81 0.08 1.36 0.05 †–0.45

Total ........................................ 2.04 0.07 1.55 0.04 †–0.49

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 81

Table 73. Prevalence of the level of recession among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected characteristics: United

States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

65 years and older 65–74 years 75 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Recession Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

All persons

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

86.31

72.69

47.37

29.97

1.14

1.87

2.19

1.80

65.15

47.71

22.37

11.69

1.38

1.82

1.52

0.77

84.15

69.12

44.04

27.11

1.57

2.09

2.34

1.83

61.88

45.39

20.80

10.83

2.14

2.20

1.89

1.12

88.92

77.02

51.41

33.44

1.13

2.74

3.18

2.62

69.10

50.50

24.27

12.75

1.98

2.59

2.02

1.33

Male

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

87.02

76.64

52.58

37.65

1.47

2.50

2.86

2.81

72.66

54.48

28.82

16.28

2.05

2.72

2.41

1.52

85.98

73.68

48.93

33.06

2.01

2.24

2.92

2.80

71.96

52.70

28.06

16.07

2.95

3.19

2.99

1.80

88.29

80.21

56.99

43.20

3.00

4.40

4.28

4.22

73.51

56.63

29.74

16.53

2.49

3.44

2.92

2.20

Female

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

85.58

69.64

43.54

24.54

1.73

2.29

2.39

2.05

58.97

42.28

17.18

8.00

1.88

1.91

1.46

0.91

82.52

65.06

39.69

21.81

2.33

3.04

3.29

2.68

53.20

39.10

14.54

10.05

2.80

2.72

1.82

1.91

89.28

75.19

48.20

27.83

1.79

2.86

3.24

2.62

65.95

46.14

20.38

10.05

3.25

3.34

2.65

1.91

Mexican Americans

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

86.73

74.54

54.55

35.27

2.70

3.20

3.31

4.09

65.09

49.05

24.48

16.12

3.67

3.85

2.78

3.07

84.26

72.54

52.55

33.02

3.48

3.41

3.62

3.19

60.51

44.63

20.18

12.03

3.29

2.63

1.94

2.13

89.72

76.96

56.96

37.99

4.37

5.44

6.20

7.30

70.64

54.39

29.68

21.07

6.36

6.51

5.47

6.22

Black, non-Hispanic

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

87.28

76.82

58.13

43.90

2.12

2.40

2.63

2.22

56.47

43.94

21.56

10.00

4.03

3.43

2.85

2.12

84.83

69.86

47.94

33.68

3.39

3.01

2.77

2.95

53.83

43.11

22.96

10.58

4.94

3.79

3.61

2.69

90.25

85.23

70.46

56.26

2.61

3.02

4.63

3.62

59.66

44.95

19.86

*

5.96

6.05

5.32

*

White, non-Hispanic

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

85.95

72.07

46.43

29.11

1.32

2.07

2.29

1.97

66.82

48.34

22.10

11.48

1.48

2.03

1.77

0.91

83.80

68.75

43.50

26.53

1.82

2.40

2.42

2.02

63.65

45.70

20.27

10.54

2.27

2.64

2.34

1.41

88.56

76.10

49.97

32.23

1.18

2.91

3.37

2.74

70.67

51.53

24.30

12.61

2.22

2.78

2.18

1.49

Less than high school

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

88.59

76.32

50.98

34.80

1.35

2.27

2.43

2.07

58.97

46.56

26.67

16.31

2.65

2.98

2.69

1.95

87.69

73.31

47.13

30.85

1.92

2.78

3.49

3.11

53.03

42.92

24.56

13.38

3.94

3.45

3.11

1.96

89.68

79.97

55.63

39.59

1.87

3.12

2.60

2.61

66.16

50.95

29.22

19.85

3.83

4.62

4.49

3.38

High school

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

85.18

72.60

46.52

29.71

2.48

3.28

3.71

3.26

59.96

45.44

21.31

10.96

2.67

2.90

2.33

1.46

81.25

67.20

42.94

27.50

3.32

4.08

4.18

3.35

52.69

40.50

18.96

9.79

3.51

3.66

2.64

2.12

89.93

79.15

50.86

32.39

2.32

4.10

5.25

4.75

68.75

51.40

24.15

12.38

3.56

3.92

3.68

2.33

More than high school

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

85.22

68.88

43.87

24.60

2.22

4.80

3.84

2.84

70.94

49.44

20.85

9.67

2.05

2.75

2.04

1.26

83.53

66.93

42.26

23.14

2.24

3.68

3.31

2.42

70.92

49.29

20.38

10.51

3.19

3.35

2.72

1.91

87.26

71.23

45.82

26.36

3.18

7.94

6.84

5.32

70.97

49.62

21.43

8.66

2.86

3.49

2.14

1.55

Less than 100% FPL

1 millimeter......................

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

90.56

77.47

60.32

44.44

2.03

3.44

3.66

3.13

54.30

38.98

22.18

*

5.17

5.97

3.79

*

88.11

73.49

59.14

40.92

2.73

5.72

6.44

5.40

46.52

39.26

21.58

*

6.24

5.49

5.63

*

93.53

82.28

61.75

48.70

3.23

5.34

5.97

5.42

63.70

38.65

22.89

*

8.48

9.12

5.95

*

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 82 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 73. Prevalence of the level of recession among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected characteristics: United

States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004—Con.

65 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004

65–74 years

1988–1994 1999–2004

75 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004

Recession Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

100%–199% FPL

1 millimeter...................... 86.69 2.05 59.58 3.71 84.66 2.46 54.90 4.84 89.14 2.65 65.25 5.26

2 millimeters ..................... 74.30 2.95 43.09 3.30 71.46 3.32 37.72 3.96 77.73 4.19 49.58 6.28

3 millimeters ..................... 50.90 3.15 21.18 3.13 47.68 4.21 18.87 3.04 54.79 4.34 23.97 5.41

4 millimeters ..................... 31.78 2.29 10.24 2.17 31.73 2.78 9.84 2.43 31.84 3.84 * *

At or greater than 200% FPL

1 millimeter...................... 85.72 1.35 68.09 1.53 83.84 1.97 65.93 2.37 87.99 1.85 70.71 2.63

2 millimeters ..................... 71.59 1.84 49.40 2.40 68.82 2.19 48.50 3.10 74.93 3.35 50.49 2.70

3 millimeters ..................... 43.92 2.80 22.22 1.83 41.82 3.17 21.44 2.39 46.45 4.07 23.16 2.31

4 millimeters ..................... 27.04 2.28 11.73 0.93 25.30 2.44 11.20 1.43 29.15 3.75 12.36 1.70

Current smoker

1 millimeter...................... 96.58 1.39 61.88 5.26 93.75 2.55 56.06 7.84 100.00 0.00 68.92 8.21

2 millimeters ..................... 88.56 2.48 51.57 5.85 83.03 3.96 50.05 7.84 95.26 2.59 53.41 8.91

3 millimeters ..................... 68.25 4.09 24.19 5.38 66.00 5.02 26.74 6.87 70.97 8.07 * *

4 millimeters ..................... 52.64 4.95 14.64 4.27 49.56 5.51 * * 56.37 9.55 * *

Former smoker

1 millimeter...................... 85.83 2.07 66.80 2.28 84.50 2.27 64.70 3.09 87.44 2.97 69.34 3.08

2 millimeters ..................... 74.42 3.20 50.12 2.24 72.62 2.94 48.51 3.21 76.60 4.94 52.07 3.00

3 millimeters ..................... 49.69 3.10 24.10 1.96 44.72 2.96 22.96 2.74 55.70 5.37 25.47 2.72

4 millimeters ..................... 32.74 3.15 14.02 1.50 29.82 3.17 13.28 2.26 36.27 4.42 14.91 2.22

Never smoked

1 millimeter...................... 84.69 2.05 64.36 1.81 81.42 2.61 60.52 2.56 88.64 1.83 69.01 3.00

2 millimeters ..................... 68.29 2.14 45.54 2.27 62.46 3.06 42.42 2.94 75.35 2.42 49.31 3.72

3 millimeters ..................... 41.91 2.61 20.87 1.72 37.93 3.47 18.41 1.82 46.73 2.93 23.85 2.80

4 millimeters ..................... 23.68 1.77 9.81 0.85 19.04 1.69 8.63 1.26 29.30 2.96 11.23 1.82

* CV is more than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 83

Table 74. Prevalence of the level of pocket depth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

65 years and older 65–74 years 75 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Pocket depth Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

All persons

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

93.14

56.90

22.35

10.34

4.80

2.19

0.91

1.97

2.07

1.14

0.77

0.48

77.38

35.45

11.70

4.46

2.16

*

1.86

1.90

0.96

0.56

0.42

*

94.61

59.72

22.08

11.25

5.35

2.37

1.05

2.18

2.47

1.17

0.81

0.54

77.12

36.88

11.35

4.37

2.13

*

2.16

2.56

1.03

0.66

0.56

*

91.37

53.50

22.67

9.23

4.15

*

1.34

2.69

2.57

1.64

1.09

*

77.70

33.72

12.13

4.56

2.19

*

2.43

2.30

1.36

0.87

0.56

*

Male

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

94.55

63.60

28.20

13.70

6.09

3.01

1.00

2.72

2.36

1.58

1.09

0.69

80.57

40.33

13.91

5.45

2.50

*

2.06

2.66

1.36

0.81

0.63

*

95.37

65.80

27.84

15.82

7.44

3.98

1.19

2.67

2.98

1.71

1.34

1.04

81.39

42.69

14.31

6.67

3.56

*

2.23

3.22

1.48

1.15

1.01

*

93.55

60.95

28.63

11.15

*

*

1.65

4.18

4.03

2.35

*

*

79.57

37.48

13.43

3.99

*

*

3.51

3.60

1.95

0.98

*

*

Female

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

92.21

52.00

17.99

7.61

3.70

*

1.23

2.22

2.56

1.15

0.85

*

74.72

31.42

9.85

3.56

1.81

*

2.57

2.17

1.20

0.75

0.41

*

93.93

54.32

16.95

7.19

3.48

*

1.50

2.99

2.84

1.37

0.90

*

77.70

31.84

8.77

2.37

*

*

2.43

3.12

1.54

0.77

*

*

90.11

49.21

19.24

8.12

*

*

1.67

2.84

3.22

1.68

*

*

76.30

30.91

11.16

4.99

2.92

*

2.58

2.63

1.71

1.34

0.79

*

Mexican Americans

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

94.68

68.64

33.66

16.16

7.09

5.44

1.83

4.53

2.96

1.94

1.36

1.49

78.01

42.60

18.50

6.94

*

*

3.61

4.96

3.13

1.71

*

*

96.77

73.09

37.11

21.30

12.20

9.46

1.30

3.52

3.18

3.57

2.36

2.65

79.80

42.89

18.46

8.29

*

*

3.89

4.23

3.15

2.10

*

*

92.15

63.27

29.47

*

*

*

3.36

8.62

5.09

*

*

*

75.85

42.24

*

*

*

*

4.97

7.71

*

*

*

*

Black, non-Hispanic

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

94.54

72.67

38.71

22.63

13.26

6.05

1.89

2.76

2.24

2.10

2.17

1.10

81.37

46.00

23.93

9.57

*

*

2.72

4.70

3.89

2.25

*

*

94.99

73.50

43.37

26.01

13.36

*

2.20

3.05

3.19

2.81

2.00

*

82.66

48.16

23.70

8.69

*

*

2.42

4.19

3.49

1.78

*

*

93.98

71.67

33.09

18.55

*

*

2.72

4.84

4.18

3.85

*

*

79.82

43.38

26.42

*

*

*

4.72

7.23

6.33

*

*

*

White, non-Hispanic

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

92.83

55.48

20.93

9.01

3.89

1.76

1.03

2.20

2.29

1.22

0.77

0.50

77.00

34.05

10.03

3.63

1.87

*

2.17

2.25

0.95

0.59

0.49

*

94.43

58.06

20.03

9.49

4.27

1.62

1.23

2.53

2.73

1.32

0.90

0.59

76.32

35.65

9.32

3.38

*

*

2.60

3.16

1.14

0.77

*

*

90.90

52.35

22.02

8.42

*

*

1.46

2.86

2.81

1.71

*

*

77.82

32.13

10.90

3.93

*

*

2.84

2.61

1.39

0.89

*

*

Less than high school

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

93.71

62.06

28.18

15.19

8.75

3.56

1.08

2.77

2.85

1.84

1.63

0.98

76.39

42.87

18.40

9.22

5.38

*

2.69

3.24

1.91

1.36

0.94

*

95.77

65.65

29.87

16.79

10.75

*

0.86

3.02

3.34

2.47

2.18

*

74.15

45.15

18.16

7.78

4.12

*

2.82

3.90

2.09

1.21

1.06

*

91.22

57.71

26.15

13.25

*

*

2.00

3.86

3.99

2.55

*

*

79.11

40.10

18.69

10.95

6.91

*

3.04

3.82

2.60

2.35

1.56

*

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 84 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 74. Prevalence of the level of pocket depth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004—Con.

65 years and older 65–74 years 75 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Pocket depth Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

High school

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

91.74

53.40

16.31

8.14

*

*

1.60

3.78

2.81

1.64

*

*

72.62

27.56

9.35

*

*

*

3.10

2.89

1.47

*

*

*

92.25

56.65

17.51

9.09

*

*

2.35

3.51

3.04

2.04

*

*

72.90

31.60

8.11

*

*

*

4.60

4.41

1.95

*

*

*

91.11

49.47

14.86

*

*

*

1.97

6.52

3.60

*

*

*

72.28

22.67

10.85

*

*

*

3.95

3.86

2.42

*

*

*

More than high school

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

93.76

53.65

21.04

6.88

*

*

1.20

2.98

2.39

1.68

*

*

77.70

36.88

9.74

3.08

*

*

2.44

2.33

1.58

0.84

*

*

95.68

56.79

18.90

8.14

*

*

1.27

3.50

3.22

2.04

*

*

81.04

36.71

10.47

*

*

*

2.38

2.92

1.49

*

*

*

91.43

49.84

23.62

*

*

*

2.38

3.66

3.22

*

*

*

80.48

37.09

8.85

*

*

*

3.17

3.67

2.27

*

*

*

Less than 100% FPL

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

91.23

65.89

31.75

18.12

8.29

*

2.00

4.42

4.16

3.02

1.87

*

73.43

36.89

17.60

*

*

*

5.17

4.87

4.04

*

*

*

93.49

72.66

38.54

24.20

11.52

*

2.75

6.35

6.13

4.54

2.76

*

69.23

34.90

*

*

*

*

5.71

6.55

*

*

*

*

88.50

57.71

23.52

*

*

*

4.74

6.14

5.15

*

*

*

78.51

39.28

20.38

*

*

*

5.99

6.40

4.93

*

*

*

100%–199% FPL

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

93.12

54.80

23.71

13.28

8.41

*

1.64

3.74

3.58

2.19

2.07

*

78.42

36.40

12.17

5.70

3.18

*

3.42

3.56

1.88

1.29

0.95

*

94.27

58.73

26.75

15.42

9.82

*

2.22

4.30

4.49

3.24

2.82

*

77.82

40.26

14.99

7.16

3.33

*

4.48

5.18

2.79

1.47

0.77

*

91.73

50.06

20.03

10.69

*

*

2.59

4.90

4.62

2.94

*

*

79.15

31.74

*

*

*

*

5.99

4.12

*

*

*

*

At or greater than 200% FPL

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

93.28

56.25

20.09

8.22

3.14

1.57

1.17

2.21

2.03

1.13

0.63

0.43

77.75

34.70

10.10

3.04

*

*

1.97

2.32

1.14

0.75

*

*

94.55

57.98

18.34

8.89

3.70

*

1.23

2.52

2.66

1.28

0.89

*

78.73

36.15

9.12

*

*

*

2.28

2.88

1.14

*

*

*

91.74

54.15

22.20

7.41

*

*

2.11

3.54

2.58

1.73

*

*

76.56

32.95

11.28

*

*

*

3.07

3.20

2.04

*

*

*

Current smoker

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

95.08

58.27

30.79

17.96

7.32

*

1.83

5.00

4.86

3.81

2.12

*

78.02

42.19

13.90

8.32

*

*

4.94

5.93

3.15

2.26

*

*

92.99

65.79

29.10

17.90

*

*

2.95

5.67

4.63

4.16

*

*

83.44

48.28

*

*

*

*

4.71

5.92

*

*

*

*

97.60

49.17

32.83

*

*

*

1.81

9.85

8.06

*

*

*

71.46

34.83

*

*

*

*

8.74

8.83

*

*

*

*

Former smoker

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

93.16

57.95

23.97

11.17

5.21

2.75

1.36

2.67

2.43

1.77

0.98

0.70

75.98

35.31

10.85

3.36

*

*

2.31

2.38

1.54

0.81

*

*

94.71

61.01

22.93

12.35

5.50

3.33

1.59

3.55

3.29

1.83

1.04

0.97

76.94

35.20

10.42

4.41

*

*

2.98

3.03

1.55

1.23

*

*

91.29

54.24

25.22

9.75

*

*

2.35

4.41

3.38

2.63

*

*

74.81

35.45

11.37

*

*

*

3.57

3.10

2.24

*

*

*

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 85

Table 74. Prevalence of the level of pocket depth among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004—Con.

65 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004

65–74 years

1988–1994 1999–2004

75 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004

Pocket depth Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Never smoked

2 millimeters ..................... 93.04 1.03 77.99 2.09 94.92 0.94 76.34 2.82 90.76 1.69 79.99 2.55

3 millimeters ..................... 55.44 2.27 34.78 2.31 57.04 2.63 36.53 3.47 53.50 3.00 32.67 2.77

4 millimeters ..................... 19.78 2.64 12.04 1.20 19.55 3.31 11.59 1.49 20.05 2.97 12.60 1.72

5 millimeters ..................... 8.32 1.27 4.78 0.67 8.60 1.67 4.05 0.68 7.98 1.70 5.66 1.25

6 millimeters ..................... 3.74 0.95 2.30 0.50 * * * * * * 3.29 0.84

7 millimeters ..................... * * * * * * * * * * * *

* CV is more than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 86 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 75. Prevalence of the level of loss of attachment among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

65 years and older 65–74 years 75 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Attachment loss Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

All persons

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

95.02

79.79

59.28

41.14

26.17

16.13

0.95

1.83

2.04

2.13

1.80

1.51

92.15

70.92

49.84

29.05

16.85

9.25

0.81

1.71

1.41

1.34

0.94

0.72

94.49

77.00

54.85

36.36

23.44

15.29

1.32

1.98

2.05

2.04

1.96

1.57

90.50

67.16

46.56

27.37

14.94

7.89

1.30

2.08

1.85

1.71

1.30

0.93

95.66

83.17

64.65

46.92

29.46

17.14

0.92

2.74

2.95

3.01

2.45

2.14

94.14

75.46

53.80

31.08

19.16

10.88

0.94

2.26

2.03

2.21

1.53

1.20

Male

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

97.17

84.88

65.89

47.90

32.24

22.71

0.56

1.83

2.84

3.47

2.70

2.29

94.14

76.10

56.48

35.15

22.56

13.35

1.04

1.97

2.07

2.06

1.54

1.35

97.23

81.84

62.65

42.64

29.85

21.33

0.80

2.16

2.76

3.10

2.55

2.38

93.88

74.42

54.23

33.25

20.05

11.69

1.70

2.10

2.66

2.40

1.78

1.39

97.09

88.57

69.80

54.25

35.13

24.39

0.84

3.11

4.56

5.02

3.71

3.13

94.46

78.13

59.21

37.46

25.59

15.37

1.27

3.06

2.43

3.45

2.76

2.19

Female

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

93.31

76.03

54.14

36.17

21.57

11.30

1.34

2.45

2.37

2.30

1.93

1.32

90.43

66.57

44.36

24.08

12.23

5.92

1.16

2.27

1.74

1.52

1.24

0.90

92.05

72.70

47.90

30.77

17.74

9.92

1.98

2.62

2.75

2.81

2.32

1.45

87.56

60.86

39.90

26.29

10.49

4.60

1.77

3.24

2.22

2.58

1.64

1.26

94.84

80.07

61.68

42.70

26.20

12.96

1.34

3.14

3.01

3.22

2.80

2.17

93.90

73.46

49.74

26.29

14.33

7.52

1.63

2.83

3.27

2.58

1.86

1.53

Mexican Americans

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

95.71

85.32

70.13

52.13

37.85

26.19

2.00

2.48

2.88

4.19

3.30

2.84

91.68

76.56

53.83

39.83

27.53

15.67

1.82

2.77

3.44

3.36

3.12

2.50

97.38

84.17

65.11

51.47

35.75

27.84

1.46

3.14

3.86

3.54

2.58

3.12

89.60

70.16

51.64

35.11

22.40

13.94

2.48

3.02

3.60

3.31

2.65

1.94

93.69

86.70

76.22

52.93

40.38

24.19

4.06

5.15

4.98

7.94

6.35

5.01

94.18

84.30

56.47

45.53

33.75

17.76

2.33

3.90

5.73

5.78

5.36

3.96

Black, non-Hispanic

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

95.04

89.30

75.72

60.51

46.62

34.19

1.72

2.37

3.36

2.99

1.94

2.02

90.53

77.56

57.82

42.37

29.19

14.01

2.51

3.88

3.77

3.31

3.30

2.11

92.60

84.62

70.63

53.90

37.41

27.80

2.82

2.91

3.31

3.51

2.57

2.38

88.48

74.94

56.30

40.98

23.07

10.78

3.15

3.43

3.97

3.37

2.98

1.96

97.99

94.95

81.87

68.50

57.77

41.92

1.47

2.62

4.55

4.08

4.02

4.19

93.01

80.73

59.65

44.05

36.60

17.92

3.24

6.44

6.89

6.55

6.87

3.92

White, non-Hispanic

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

95.05

78.96

57.52

39.10

24.42

14.69

1.05

1.97

2.03

2.19

1.82

1.53

92.30

69.48

48.30

26.99

14.78

7.85

0.85

1.88

1.58

1.55

1.11

0.87

94.67

76.37

52.91

33.84

21.69

14.01

1.47

2.22

2.08

2.16

2.17

1.79

90.96

65.44

44.25

24.98

12.87

6.33

1.37

2.42

2.20

1.98

1.57

1.09

95.50

82.09

63.09

45.46

27.73

15.51

1.01

2.88

3.06

3.19

2.44

2.09

93.92

74.37

53.21

29.41

17.09

9.70

1.10

2.59

2.23

2.55

1.67

1.36

Less than high school

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

95.51

83.86

65.87

47.43

34.10

22.18

1.06

1.98

2.10

2.32

2.28

1.85

93.73

78.79

63.26

43.02

28.67

18.48

1.21

2.40

2.58

2.18

1.91

2.08

95.96

80.17

60.63

42.08

30.40

20.42

1.34

2.61

2.78

3.27

3.29

2.54

91.62

76.31

60.59

40.67

25.28

15.58

2.02

3.17

3.63

3.39

2.76

2.66

94.97

88.32

72.19

53.91

38.58

24.30

1.51

2.31

2.63

3.69

4.06

3.18

96.29

81.77

66.49

45.87

32.77

21.99

1.11

3.37

3.81

3.46

2.98

2.92

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 87

Table 75. Prevalence of the level of loss of attachment among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004—Con.

65 years and older 65–74 years 75 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Attachment loss Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

High school

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

93.28

79.22

59.08

40.09

22.60

12.15

2.14

3.47

3.65

3.45

2.17

1.69

90.11

70.04

47.37

27.53

15.18

7.09

1.57

2.77

2.53

2.08

1.61

1.14

90.89

76.42

55.08

36.29

21.07

12.80

2.91

3.97

4.06

3.67

2.56

2.51

89.12

65.93

45.07

27.90

15.04

7.06

2.69

4.19

3.48

3.01

2.18

1.49

96.16

82.59

63.92

44.69

24.45

11.36

1.71

4.90

5.02

5.45

3.82

2.53

91.31

75.00

50.16

27.09

15.36

7.12

2.03

3.78

3.82

3.70

2.88

1.91

More than high school

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

96.20

75.69

51.83

34.67

20.36

12.45

0.86

4.13

4.56

4.17

3.12

2.27

92.58

67.37

44.45

22.53

11.49

5.54

1.24

2.50

2.30

2.10

1.39

1.00

96.42

74.51

49.25

31.07

19.03

12.62

1.43

3.25

4.08

3.10

2.97

2.43

90.87

63.95

41.38

21.18

10.43

5.12

1.73

2.66

2.60

2.24

1.69

1.16

95.94

77.12

54.96

39.02

21.98

12.24

1.35

6.68

7.73

7.23

4.57

3.34

94.65

71.51

48.16

24.15

12.77

6.04

1.66

3.56

3.38

2.98

2.16

1.54

Less than 100% FPL

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

96.18

82.99

70.49

56.67

45.44

30.18

1.62

3.67

3.99

3.32

3.68

3.40

90.74

75.19

64.38

45.13

36.02

20.79

3.26

5.77

6.21

5.75

4.72

4.63

96.43

79.60

68.21

58.10

46.69

31.50

1.43

5.84

6.29

6.20

6.03

4.61

86.11

73.41

62.46

42.86

33.33

17.40

5.87

6.43

8.05

7.30

5.90

4.56

95.87

87.09

73.24

54.94

43.92

28.58

3.02

4.87

6.15

5.75

6.43

5.74

96.35

77.34

66.71

47.89

39.27

24.89

2.09

8.90

6.03

6.15

5.70

7.18

100%–199% FPL

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

94.31

81.06

63.28

47.11

32.47

20.44

1.80

3.00

2.93

3.46

2.28

2.10

90.56

73.86

50.19

29.29

18.66

9.32

2.08

3.26

2.46

2.19

1.80

1.17

94.41

77.50

60.20

43.81

31.94

22.43

1.97

3.51

3.35

4.09

3.26

3.47

90.35

70.72

49.32

28.52

18.86

9.96

2.21

5.33

4.10

3.34

3.05

1.88

94.19

85.37

67.01

51.11

33.11

18.03

2.05

4.09

4.52

5.78

4.25

3.12

90.82

77.64

52.84

30.23

18.42

8.55

3.40

4.67

4.66

4.09

2.66

2.46

At or greater than 200% FPL

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

95.19

78.75

55.22

36.92

20.83

12.30

0.98

1.64

2.18

2.51

2.09

1.59

93.42

68.82

46.36

25.83

12.73

7.11

0.94

2.08

1.95

1.90

1.33

0.91

94.22

77.26

51.40

32.78

18.62

11.81

1.49

2.28

2.90

3.06

2.51

1.82

91.48

64.86

42.27

24.36

10.53

5.42

1.44

2.61

2.47

1.84

1.42

0.94

96.37

80.56

59.85

41.93

23.50

12.90

1.08

3.03

3.40

3.44

2.61

2.07

95.77

73.62

51.30

27.61

15.39

9.15

1.15

3.05

2.85

3.21

2.00

1.56

Current smoker

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

97.95

92.94

79.16

62.47

41.49

32.24

1.24

2.13

3.88

5.00

3.44

3.25

98.63

89.44

70.89

52.54

33.90

15.98

1.08

4.23

4.76

4.79

4.65

3.14

96.26

87.94

76.08

63.16

41.48

31.78

2.27

3.82

4.11

5.44

4.27

4.37

97.50

87.87

67.53

48.32

30.6

13.69

1.97

4.25

5.70

5.86

5.37

3.73

100.00

98.98

82.89

61.65

41.51

32.79

0.00

1.02

7.77

9.17

7.93

7.26

100.00

91.33

74.95

57.65

37.89

*

0.00

5.24

7.46

7.97

8.06

*

Former smoker

2 millimeters .....................

3 millimeters .....................

4 millimeters .....................

5 millimeters .....................

6 millimeters .....................

7 millimeters .....................

95.99

80.98

63.14

42.78

28.41

17.63

0.95

2.90

2.84

3.25

2.85

2.87

93.34

74.95

54.18

32.19

18.75

10.28

1.17

1.96

1.87

1.85

1.47

1.12

95.95

78.78

58.42

39.40

26.36

16.79

1.61

2.74

2.75

3.44

3.37

2.76

92.07

70.24

50.44

30.97

17.74

8.92

1.85

2.32

3.00

2.65

2.09

1.51

96.05

83.63

68.84

46.88

30.88

18.66

1.44

4.70

4.55

4.41

3.50

3.98

94.88

80.64

58.71

33.65

19.97

11.92

1.36

2.55

2.76

3.04

1.97

1.76

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 88 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 75. Prevalence of the level of loss of attachment among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by age and selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004—Con.

65 years and older 65–74 years 75 years and older

1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004 1988–1994 1999–2004

Attachment loss Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Never smoked

2 millimeters ..................... 93.74 1.70 90.45 1.19 92.72 2.11 88.23 1.72 94.97 1.51 93.14 1.68

3 millimeters ..................... 76.53 2.16 65.76 2.28 72.65 2.85 61.71 3.01 81.22 2.56 70.67 2.97

4 millimeters ..................... 52.57 2.68 44.23 1.80 46.29 3.16 40.42 2.08 60.17 3.34 48.84 2.97

5 millimeters ..................... 35.27 2.35 24.05 1.64 26.90 2.41 21.44 1.83 45.39 3.65 27.21 2.85

6 millimeters ..................... 21.28 1.88 13.40 1.28 16.28 1.91 10.40 1.69 27.32 2.97 17.03 2.24

7 millimeters ..................... 11.96 1.29 7.71 0.91 9.81 1.46 6.24 1.29 14.56 2.03 9.49 1.50

* CV is more than 30 percent.

NOTE: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 89

Table 76. Prevalence of periodontal disease among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics: United States,

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Difference

(percent)

Age

65–74 years....................................

75 years or more.................................

19.57

19.48

2.00

2.79

10.20

11.03

1.03

1.24

†–9.36

†–8.45

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

23.99

16.16

2.37

2.34

12.97

8.56

1.38

1.12

†–11.02

†–7.61

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ...............................

Black, non-Hispanic ...............................

Mexican American ................................

17.90

37.12

30.74

2.16

2.35

2.78

8.99

23.92

17.23

0.94

3.55

2.90

†–8.91

†–13.21

†–13.51

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ..............................

100%–199% FPL ................................

Greater than 200% FPL ............................

29.96

21.76

16.63

4.09

3.26

2.09

17.49

11.59

8.62

4.05

1.72

1.11

†–12.47

†–10.16

†–8.01

Education

Less than high school..............................

High school ....................................

More than high school .............................

26.29

15.23

15.61

2.53

2.85

2.77

16.56

8.30

8.90

1.98

1.26

1.41

†–9.73

†–6.94

†–6.71

Smoking history

Current smoker..................................

Former smoker ..................................

Never smoked ..................................

27.62

19.88

17.78

4.28

2.57

2.42

13.80

9.20

11.12

3.19

1.41

1.18

†–13.83

†–10.68

†–6.66

Total ........................................ 19.53 1.99 10.58 0.94 †–8.95

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: Periodontal disease is at least one periodontal site with 3 millimeters or more of loss of attachment and 4 millimeters or more of pocket depth. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 90 [ Series 11, No. 248

Table 77. Prevalence of moderate or severe periodontitis among dentate seniors 65 years of age and older, by selected characteristics:

United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Difference

(percent)

Age

65–74 years....................................

75 years or more.................................

24.16

29.46

1.88

2.24

14.26

20.75

1.12

1.24

†–9.90

†–8.71

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

30.93

23.23

2.88

1.89

20.61

14.40

1.59

1.41

†–10.31

†–8.83

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ...............................

Black, non-Hispanic ...............................

Mexican American ................................

24.66

47.16

40.88

1.85

2.77

2.11

15.47

24.47

24.20

1.26

3.02

3.18

†–9.19

†–22.70

†–16.69

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ..............................

100%–199% FPL ................................

Greater than 200% FPL ............................

42.57

30.77

22.66

2.89

2.95

2.19

31.96

18.75

13.91

4.50

2.38

1.44

†–10.62

†–12.02

†–8.75

Education

Less than high school..............................

High school ....................................

More than high school .............................

34.19

23.82

20.60

2.13

2.75

3.24

28.24

15.51

12.38

2.54

1.79

1.62

–5.95

†–8.30

†–8.22

Smoking history

Current smoker..................................

Former smoker ..................................

Never smoked ..................................

46.26

26.67

22.38

5.14

2.79

2.01

32.01

19.25

14.08

5.64

1.71

1.32

–14.25

†–7.42

†–8.31

Total ........................................ 26.56 1.74 17.20 1.12 †–9.36

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: CDC-AAP moderate and severe periodontitis definition. FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Series 11, No. 248 [ Page 91

Table 78. Healthy People 2010 Objective 21–4: Prevalence of complete tooth loss among seniors 65–74 years of age, by selected

characteristics: United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

1988–1994 1999–2004

Characteristic Percent

Standard

error Percent

Standard

error

Difference

(percent)

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

27.71

29.42

1.94

2.51

22.19

25.43

2.03

1.93

–5.52

–3.99

Race and ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic ...............................

Black, non-Hispanic ...............................

Mexican American ................................

29.23

26.32

15.97

2.21

2.44

2.63

23.33

25.02

18.32

1.80

2.29

2.39

†–5.92

–1.31

2.35

Poverty status

Less than 100% FPL ..............................

100%–199% FPL ................................

Greater than 200% FPL ............................

40.45

43.05

21.31

4.16

3.54

1.84

39.47

34.82

16.73

5.16

2.54

1.55

–0.98

†–8.24

–4.54

Education

Less than high school..............................

High school ....................................

More than high school .............................

39.88

28.40

14.17

2.63

2.86

2.25

42.13

25.62

10.62

3.04

2.72

1.34

2.25

–2.77

–3.55

Smoking history

Current smoker..................................

Former smoker ..................................

Never smoked ..................................

47.87

29.57

20.33

4.25

2.85

2.15

48.91

24.32

16.93

3.78

2.87

1.85

1.04

–5.24

–3.40

Total ........................................ 28.63 1.94 23.84 1.53 –4.69

† P-value < 0.05.

NOTES: FPL is federal poverty threshold or level.
Page 92 [ Series 11, No. 248

Appendix

Glossary of Dental Terms

Dental Caries

+ Coronal caries: dental decay located

on part of the tooth that is on the

‘‘crown’’ of the tooth, usually above

the gum line.

+ Root caries: dental decay located on

exposed tooth root.

+ Caries experience: the presence of

dental decay, dental fillings or other

types of dental restorations, or

missing teeth because of prior

exposure to tooth decay.

+ Measures of caries prevalence:

C dft—number of decayed and

filled primary teeth

C dt—number of decayed primary

teeth

C ft—number of filled primary

teeth

C dfs—number of decayed and

filled surfaces in primary teeth

C ds—number of decayed surfaces

in primary teeth

C fs—number of filled surfaces in

primary teeth

C DMFT—number of decayed,

missing (due to disease), and

filled permanent teeth

C DT—number of decayed

permanent teeth

C MT—number of permanent teeth

missing due to disease

C FT—number of filled permanent

teeth

C DMFS—number of decayed,

missing (due to disease), and

filled surfaces in permanent teeth

C DS—number of decayed surfaces

in permanent teeth

C FS—number of filled surfaces in

permanent teeth

C MS—number of surfaces that are

missing because permanent teeth

were extracted due to disease

Periodontal Health Other Dental Terms

+ Recession: the presence of exposed + Dental sealants: thin plastic-like

dental root, which is typically coatings painted onto the pits and

measured in millimeters from the fissures of teeth to prevent tooth

free gingival margin (FGM) to the decay.

cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The + Edentulism/Edentulous/Complete

FGM is located along the top of the tooth loss: having no natural teeth in

gum and the CEJ is the place on a the mouth

tooth where the root and the tooth + Dentate: having at least one natural

‘‘crown’’ meet. tooth present in the mouth.

+ Pocket depth (PD): the amount of + Incisal trauma: a traumatic injury

space between the tooth root and the affecting either an upper or lower

supporting structures of the permanent incisor (front tooth).

periodontium (that is, the gums and

bone), which is typically measured

in millimeters from the FGM to the

base of the sulcus. The base of the

sulcus is where connecting tissues

attaches the tooth to the

periodontium.

+ Attachment loss (AL): the amount

of connective tissue loss measured

in millimeters (mm) from the CEJ to

the sulcus base.

+ Periodontal probing site: the place

where periodontal measures for

recession, PD, and AL are made.

Typically, there are 4 interproximal

sites (mesio-facial, disto-facial,

mesio-lingual, and disto-lingual) and

2 mid-tooth sites (mid-facial and

mid-lingual).

CDC-AAP Periodontitis

Definitions

+ Severe periodontitis: 2 or more teeth

with AL ≥6 mm at interproximal

sites AND 1 or more teeth with PD

≥5 mm at interproximal sites (PD

measure can be on one of teeth that

meets the AL criteria).

+ Moderate periodontitis: 2 or more

teeth with AL ≥4 mm at

interproximal sites OR 2 or more

teeth with PD ≥5 mm at

interproximal sites (PD measure can

be on one of teeth that meets the AL

criteria).
Vital and Health Statistics

series descriptions

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describe the data collection programs of the National Center

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