[Cite as In re E.F., 2016-Ohio-7265.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO 

CLINTON COUNTY 

IN THE MATTER OF: E.F., et al. : 

 CASE NOS. CA2016-03-003 

 : CA2016-03-004 

 CA2016-03-005 

 : CA2016-03-006 

 CA2016-03-007 

 : 

 O P I N I O N 

 : 10/11/2016 

 : 

APPEAL FROM CLINTON COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

JUVENILE DIVISION 

Case No. 20113041 

Virginia Vanden Bosch, 9506 West State Route 73, Wilmington, Ohio 45177, Guardian Ad 

Litem 

John Kaspar, 130 East Mulberry Street, Lebanon, Ohio 45036, attorney for children 

Craig Newburger, 477 Forest Edge Drive, South Lebanon, Ohio 45065, for appellant, C.F. 

M.F., 436 Curless Road, Blanchester, Ohio 45107 

Richard Moyer, Clinton County Prosecuting Attorney, William C. Randolph, 1025 South 

South Street, Suite 400, P.O. Box 568, Wilmington, Ohio 45171, for appellee, Clinton County 

Children Services 

 

 M. POWELL, P.J.

{¶ 1} Appellant, C.F. ("Mother"), appeals a decision of the Clinton County Court of 

Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, granting permanent custody of her five children to 
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appellee, Clinton County Children Services (the "Agency"). 

{¶ 2} For purposes of this appeal, Mother and M.F. ("Father") are the parent of four 

girls, H.F. (born in 2001), Em.F. (born in 2004), El.F. (born in 2006), and S.F. (born in 2008), 

and one boy, L.R. (born in 2012).1 

{¶ 3} The Agency first became involved with the family in 2010 when a daughter, not 

a party to this appeal, tested positive for marijuana at birth. On April 20, 2011, a deputy 

sheriff went to Mother's house to keep the peace while someone retrieved personal 

belongings. The four girls, H.F., Em.F., El.F., and S.F., were present at the time. While 

there, the officer observed that the house was filthy with rotten food laying around and 

discovered that Father was selling heroin out of the home. Subsequently, numerous drugs 

were retrieved from the house. 

{¶ 4} On April 28, 2011, the Agency filed a complaint alleging that H.F., Em.F., El.F., 

and S.F. were abused, neglected, and dependent. On May 26, 2011, the juvenile court 

granted protective supervision to the Agency on an interim basis, granted temporary custody 

of the four girls to K.A. ("Maternal Grandmother"), and explicitly forbade either parent to have 

unsupervised contact with the girls. On August 4, 2011, the juvenile court adjudicated H.F., 

Em.F., El.F., and S.F neglected. Protective supervision with the Agency and temporary 

custody with Maternal Grandmother were continued. However, it was soon discovered that 

the parents had unsupervised contact with the girls in violation of the court order. 

Consequently, on August 18, 2011, the juvenile court granted temporary custody of the girls 

to B.R. ("Maternal Grandfather") and his wife. Protective supervision with the Agency was 

continued. 

 

1. Father is not a party to this appeal. In its decision granting permanent custody to the Agency, the juvenile 

court found that Father had abandoned the children and that it was in the children's best interest to grant 

permanent custody to the Agency. The record shows that Father failed to visit or maintain contact with the 

children for more than 90 days, has substance abuse issues, never successfully complied with his case plans, 

and was in fact placed on and removed from his case plans several times during the proceedings. 
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{¶ 5} A case plan was implemented to reunify Mother and Father with the girls. The 

case plan required both parents to complete a drug and alcohol assessment and follow all 

recommendations, to obtain and maintain stable housing free of any physical hazards, drugs, 

and drug paraphernalia, to obtain employment or financial stability for no less than three 

months, and to complete a parenting education course of their choice. For a while, Mother 

complied with the case plan and tested clean each time she took a drug test at work. 

However, she was removed from the case plan in early 2012 after she was court-ordered into 

a drug and alcohol treatment facility. Mother entered an inpatient program at Stepping 

Stones in Portsmouth, Ohio in February 2012 and completed it in October 2012, at which 

point she was reinstated to the case plan. Mother also completed a drug rehabilitation 

program at Mary Haven in February 2013. Mother's son, L.R., was born while Mother was 

attending the Stepping Stones program. 

{¶ 6} In early September 2013, the Agency moved the juvenile court to modify 

disposition as Maternal Grandfather and his wife were no longer able to care for H.F., Em.F., 

El.F., and S.F. On September 26, 2013, the four girls were placed in the temporary custody 

of the Agency. Mother continued to work on her case plan requirements and for a few 

months, consistently tested negative for drugs. However, Mother tested positive for 

amphetamine and methamphetamine in February 2014, for Oxycodone in March 2014, and 

for cocaine, methamphetamine, and buprenorphine in April 2014. Pseudoephedrine tablets 

and a mason jar with white residue that field-tested positive for methamphetamine were also 

recovered from Mother's van in February 2014. 

{¶ 7} Consequently, on April 22, 2014, the Agency filed a complaint alleging that 

Mother's son, L.R., was abused, neglected, and dependent. The complaint stated that 

Mother "continues to test positive for drugs under the cases for the child's siblings" and that 

she was "currently on a treatment in lieu of conviction plan through the Clinton County Court 
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of Common Pleas." On April 24, 2014, the juvenile court granted temporary custody of L.R. 

to the Agency. On July 24, 2014, the juvenile court adjudicated L.R. dependent. 

{¶ 8} Given Mother's substance abuse issues, an amended case plan was 

implemented, requiring Mother to complete a new drug and alcohol assessment and follow all 

recommendations, to complete a psychological assessment and follow all recommendations, 

and to obtain and maintain employment. While Mother complied with some requirements of 

the case plan, she tested positive for methamphetamine and amphetamine while attending 

an outpatient 18-week drug treatment program at Talbert House. 

{¶ 9} On September 23, 2015, the Agency moved for permanent custody of H.F., 

Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R. The following month, a semiannual administrative review 

indicated that Mother (1) had successfully completed her drug and alcohol treatment through 

Talbert House in April 2015, (2) within the last review period, had tested positive for drugs six 

out of eight times, (3) had missed many scheduled mental health counseling appointments, 

(4) reportedly had a job but did not provide proof of employment, and (5) had missed several 

sessions of a parenting program. 

{¶ 10} At the request of the children's guardian ad litem, the juvenile court conducted 

an in camera interview of the four girls, H.F., Em.F., El.F., and S.F. (who were then 14, 11, 9, 

and 7 years old). A permanent custody hearing was held on January 27, 2016. Mother, 

Father, and a protective unit supervisor for the Agency testified at the hearing. At the time, 

Mother was incarcerated in Greene County, Ohio for a drug-related offense and appeared at 

the hearing from the Clinton County Jail. In her prehearing report, the guardian ad litem 

recommended that permanent custody of all five children be granted to the Agency. 

{¶ 11} On February 18, 2016, the juvenile court found by clear and convincing 

evidence that H.F., Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R. had been in the temporary custody of the 

Agency for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-month period, and that it was in the best 
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interest of the five children to permanently terminate the parental rights of Mother and Father 

and grant permanent custody to the Agency. The juvenile court also found that both parents 

had abandoned the children, and that the children could not be placed with either parent 

within a reasonable period of time and should not be placed with the parents. 

{¶ 12} Mother appeals, raising two assignments of error which will be addressed 

together. 

{¶ 13} Assignment of Error No. 1: 

{¶ 14} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT BY 

FINDING APPELLANT ABANDONED THE CHILDREN. 

{¶ 15} Assignment of Error No. 2: 

{¶ 16} THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION GOES AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT 

OF THE EVIDENCE. 

{¶ 17} In her first assignment of error, Mother argues the juvenile court erred in finding 

she has abandoned H.F., Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R. because there is no evidence she 

failed to visit or maintain contact with the children for more than 90 days. In her second 

assignment of error, Mother generally argues that the juvenile court's decision granting 

permanent custody to the Agency was not in the best interest of H.F., Em.F., El.F., S.F., and 

L.R., and that such finding was against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

{¶ 18} Before a natural parent's constitutionally protected liberty interest in the care 

and custody of her child may be terminated, the state is required to prove by clear and 

convincing evidence that the statutory standards for permanent custody have been met. 

Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753, 102 S.Ct. 1388 (1982). An appellate court's review 

of a juvenile court's decision granting permanent custody is limited to whether sufficient 

credible evidence exists to support the juvenile court's determination. In re J.H., 12th Dist. 

Clinton Nos. CA2015-07-014 and CA2015-07-015, 2016-Ohio-640, ¶ 21. 
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{¶ 19} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1), a court may terminate parental rights and 

award permanent custody to a children services agency if the court makes findings pursuant 

to a two-part test. First, the court must find that the grant of permanent custody to the 

agency is in the best interest of the child, utilizing, in part, the factors of R.C. 2151.414(D). 

{¶ 20} Second, the court must find that any of the following apply: (1) the child is 

abandoned, (2) the child is orphaned, (3) the child has been in the temporary custody of the 

agency for at least 12 months of a consecutive 22-month period, (4) where the preceding 

three factors do not apply, the child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable 

time or should not be placed with either parent, or (5) the child or another child in the custody 

of the parent from whose custody the child has been removed, has been adjudicated an 

abused, neglected, or dependent child on three separate occasions. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a)-

(e). Only one of those findings must be met for the second prong of the permanent custody 

test to be satisfied. In re D.K.W., 12th Dist. Clinton No. CA2014-02-001, 2014-Ohio-2896, ¶ 

22. 

{¶ 21} Mother first disputes the juvenile court's finding, under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(b), 

that she abandoned H.F., Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R. A child is "presumed abandoned when 

the parents of the child have failed to visit or maintain contact with the child for more than 

ninety days, regardless of whether the parents resume contact with the child after that period 

of ninety days." R.C. 2151.011(C). A review of the record shows, and the state agrees, that 

no evidence was presented at the permanent custody hearing that Mother failed to visit or 

contact the children for more than 90 consecutive days. In addition, while the state 

successfully argued that Father has abandoned the children, it did not argue that point with 

regard to Mother. The juvenile court, therefore, erred in finding that Mother abandoned the 
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children.2 Accordingly, we vacate the juvenile court's finding that Mother has abandoned 

H.F., Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R. 

{¶ 22} Such error, however, does not require reversal of the juvenile court's grant of 

permanent custody to the Agency as the juvenile court found an alternate, independent 

ground for terminating Mother's parental rights under the second prong of the permanent 

custody test. In addition to its abandonment finding, the juvenile court also found that H.F., 

Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R. had been in the temporary custody of the Agency for more than 

12 months of a consecutive 22-month period as of the date the Agency filed its permanent 

custody motion. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d). Mother does not dispute this finding. The record 

supports this finding. The second prong of the permanent custody test is therefore satisfied. 

In re J.N., 9th Dist. Summit No. 23067, 2006-Ohio-2557, ¶ 11-12 (trial court's erroneous 

abandonment finding does not require reversal of its permanent custody determination where 

trial court also found the child satisfied the "12 of 22" requirement); In re Williams, 5th Dist. 

Stark No. 2006CA00270, 2007-Ohio-1137, ¶ 32. 

{¶ 23} Mother also disputes the juvenile court's finding that granting permanent 

custody of H.F., Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R. to the Agency was in the children's best interest. 

Specifically, Mother argues that given her ability to succeed with case plans when she is 

sober, and the fact that prior to the permanent custody hearing, Maternal Grandmother and 

other family members expressed to the Agency their interest in caring for the children, the 

juvenile court erred in granting permanent custody to the Agency. 

{¶ 24} When considering the best interest of a child in a permanent custody hearing, 

 

2. We note that in its best interest analysis under the first prong of the permanent custody test, the juvenile court 

found that R.C. 2151.414(E)(1) applied here because Mother and Father had abandoned H.F., Em.F., El.F., 

S.F., and L.R. Although this finding is erroneous with regard to Mother as there is no evidence Mother has 

abandoned the children, it does not seem the juvenile court placed great weight on the finding of abandonment in 

its best interest determination, other than to note it briefly in one sentence in its entry. "Thus, any error in the 

[juvenile] court's finding of abandonment had only minimal impact on its weighing of the best interest factors." In 

re J.N., 9th Dist. Summit No. 23067, 2006-Ohio-2557, ¶ 14. 
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the juvenile court is required under R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) to consider all relevant factors, 

including, but not limited to (a) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child's 

parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-town providers, and any other person 

who may significantly affect the child, (b) the wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the 

child or through the child's guardian ad litem, (c) the custodial history of the child; (d) the 

child's need for a legally secured permanent placement and whether that type of placement 

can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody to the agency, and (e) whether any of 

the factors in R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) to (11) apply in relation to the parents and child. 

{¶ 25} With regard to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a), the juvenile court found that the four 

girls, H.F., Em.F., El.F., and S.F., first entered the care of the Agency in May 2011. 

Subsequently, the girls were placed in the temporary custody of Maternal Grandmother until 

August 2011, were then placed in the temporary custody of Maternal Grandfather until 

September 2013, at which point the Agency was granted temporary custody of the girls. 

Initially, the girls were placed together in the same foster family. However, because of the 

girls' individual problems, it was necessary that they be separated. At the time of the 

permanent custody hearing, the oldest child, H.F., was in a group home which has proved to 

be "a very good thing for her"; Em.F. was still with the original foster family; and El.F. and 

S.F. lived together with another foster family. 

{¶ 26} With regard to L.R., the juvenile court found that he entered the temporary 

custody of the Agency in April 2014 (he was then 20 months old). At the time of the 

permanent custody hearing, L.R. was three years old and living with his second foster family. 

Throughout the proceedings, Mother has contacted the children on birthdays, holidays, and 

Christmas. The record shows that Mother attended 25 out of 49 scheduled visits between 

February 2014 and December 2014, and 31 out of 52 scheduled visits in 2015. Mother 

admitted some of the visits were missed because she was incarcerated. At the time of the 
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permanent custody hearing, Mother was incarcerated in the MonDay Correctional Institute in 

Dayton, Ohio for at least six months due to her drug addiction, was unavailable to parent, and 

did not have a job or home. 

{¶ 27} Mother testified she was hoping to get more time to comply with her case plan 

and had finally realized how her actions and inactions had been selfish to the children. 

Mother stated that while she was incarcerated, Maternal Grandmother or Maternal 

Grandfather could take care of the children, and that they had, in fact, expressed their 

interest in caring for the children to the Agency. Mother stated that she would have a job 

upon release and believed she would have no trouble finding housing. With regard to her 

substance abuse, Mother admitted that her past relapses were caused by her failure to follow 

steps, get a sponsor, and see a counselor. 

{¶ 28} With regard to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(b), the juvenile court conducted an in 

camera interview of the four girls. The juvenile court found that the girls each expressed their 

desires and that they were "quite impressive." The juvenile court also noted the guardian ad 

litem's recommendation that permanent custody of the four girls and L.R. be granted to the 

Agency. 

{¶ 29} In her report, the guardian ad litem noted that (1) both parents had continuously 

and repeatedly failed to substantially remedy the conditions that had caused the children to 

be removed from the parents' care, (2) the children were in "need of permanency in their lives 

instead of spending their youth waiting for the parents to get it together," and (3) granting 

permanent custody to the Agency would give the children "an opportunity to experience 

stability, continuity, and a loving environment where all their daily needs are met." 

{¶ 30} With regard to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(c), the juvenile court found that H.F., Em.F., 

El.F., S.F., and L.R. had been in the custody and care of the Agency for more than 12 

months of a consecutive 22-month period. 
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{¶ 31} With regard to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(d), the juvenile court found that while 

Mother had worked on the requirements of her case plans, she had not successfully 

complied with the case plans and was unable to resolve her problems in a timely manner, 

especially with regard to her substance abuse issue as demonstrated by her actions and 

inactions. The juvenile court further found that the children's need for a legally secure 

placement could not be achieved without a grant of permanent custody to the Agency. 

{¶ 32} At the time the Agency filed its permanent custody motion, H.F., Em.F., El.F., 

and S.F. had been subject to the Agency's supervision for over four years and in the 

Agency's temporary custody for two years; L.R. had been in the Agency's temporary custody 

for 17 months. During that time, the girls were shuffled from Maternal Grandmother's home 

to Maternal Grandfather's home to foster homes, L.R. was placed in two foster homes, and 

H.F. is now living in a group home. 

{¶ 33} The children were all removed from Mother's home due to Mother's substance 

abuse. Throughout the proceedings, protective supervision by the Agency, and subsequently 

the Agency's temporary custody of the children were continued several times in an effort to 

give Mother ample time to comply with her case plans so that she could be reunified with the 

children. The record shows that Mother functions well and meets the requirements of her 

case plans when she is sober. However, the record also shows that while Mother may 

successfully complete drug rehabilitation programs and obtain sobriety, she is either 

incapable or unwilling to maintain sobriety. As the guardian ad litem's report stated, "with 

drugs available to her, mother chose to use the drugs." That point was plainly demonstrated 

at the permanent custody hearing: at the time, Mother was incarcerated in Greene County for 

at least six months for a drug-related offense. 

{¶ 34} Mother now claims that unlike her prior drug rehabilitation programs, she has 

finally found a program that meets the goals of her case plan when she entered the lockdown 
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treatment facility in Greene County. Whether Mother can obtain and permanently maintain 

sobriety upon her release from the facility is speculative. "To anticipate the future, however, 

is at most a difficult basis for a judicial determination. The child's present condition and 

environment is the subject for decision[,] not the expected or anticipated behavior of 

unsuitability or unfitness of the * * * [parent]." In re R.S.-G., 4th Dist. Athens No. 15CA2, 

2015-Ohio-4245, ¶ 53. "The law does not require the court to experiment with the child's 

welfare to see if he will suffer great detriment or harm." Id. 

{¶ 35} Mother also claims that Maternal Grandmother and other family members have 

expressed their interest in caring for the children to the Agency. However, no motion for legal 

custody of the children was filed by a relative. In her report, filed a month before the 

permanent custody hearing, the guardian ad litem stated there were no relatives able or 

willing to take custody of the children as Maternal Grandmother had opted out of her offer to 

take custody of two of the children, and Maternal Grandfather had expressed interest in 

taking custody of two of the girls but had not contacted the Agency with a firm commitment. 

{¶ 36} In light of the foregoing, and after a thorough review of the record, we find that 

the juvenile court's decision granting permanent custody to the Agency is in the best interest 

of H.F., Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R., and not against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

See In re S.S., 2d Dist. Miami No. 2011-CA-07, 2011-Ohio-5697 (upholding a grant of 

permanent custody in light of mother's total lack of progress on case plan services and her 

failure to become and remain drug free); In re A.M.L., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2013-01-010, 

2013-Ohio-2277, ¶ 32. A juvenile court "is not required to deny [a] permanent custody 

motion simply based upon the groundless speculation that the mother might successfully 

complete her drug treatment, * * * and remain drug-free." In re J. C., 4th Dist. Adams No. 

07CA834, 2007-Ohio-3783, ¶ 25. A parent is afforded a reasonable, not an indefinite, period 

of time to remedy the conditions causing the children's removal. In re A.M.L. at ¶ 32. 
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{¶ 37} In addition, courts are not required to favor a relative if, after considering all the 

relevant factors under R.C. 2151.414(D)(1), it is in the child's best interest to grant permanent 

custody to a children services agency. In re Keaton, 4th Dist. Ross Nos. 04CA2785 and 

04CA2788, 2004-Ohio-6210, ¶ 61. "A child's best interests are served by the child being 

placed in a permanent situation that fosters growth, stability, and security." Id.; In re D.K.W., 

2014-Ohio-2896 at ¶ 37. 

{¶ 38} Mother's second assignment of error is accordingly overruled. Mother's first 

assignment of error is well-taken in that there is no evidence supporting the juvenile court's 

finding Mother has abandoned H.F., Em.F., El.F., S.F., and L.R. Nonetheless, we affirm the 

juvenile court's judgment because the record supports the juvenile court's alternate, 

independent finding that the children had been in the temporary custody of the Agency for 

more than 12 months of a consecutive 22-month period as of the date the Agency filed its 

permanent custody motion. 

{¶ 39} Judgment affirmed as modified. 

 S. POWELL and RINGLAND, JJ., concur.