Audit of NRC Region II’s 

Management of Its 

Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid 

Transit Authority (MARTA) 

Transit Subsidy Program

OIG-15-A-21

September 30, 2015

All publicly available OIG reports (including this report) 

are accessible through NRC’s Web site at

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/insp-gen
UNITED STATES

NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555-0001

OFFICE OF THE

INSPECTOR GENERAL

September 30, 2015

MEMORANDUM TO: Victor M. McCree

Executive Director for Operations

FROM: Stephen D. Dingbaum /RA/

Assistant Inspector General for Audits

SUBJECT: AUDIT OF NRC REGION II’S MANAGEMENT OF ITS 

METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY

(MARTA) TRANSIT SUBSIDY PROGRAM (OIG-15-A-21)

Attached is the Office of the Inspector General’s (OIG) audit report titled Audit of NRC 

Region II’s Management of Its Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) 

Transit Subsidy Program.

The report presents the results of the subject audit. Following the September 28, 2015, 

exit conference, agency staff indicated that they had no formal comments for inclusion 

in this report.

Please provide information on actions taken or planned on each of the 

recommendations within 30 days of the date of this memorandum. Actions taken or 

planned are subject to OIG followup as stated in Management Directive 6.1.

We appreciate the cooperation extended to us by members of your staff during the 

audit. If you have any questions or comments about our report, please contact me at 

(301) 415-5915 or Eric Rivera, Team Leader, at (301) 415-7032.

Attachment: As stated
Office of the Inspector General

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board

Results in Brief

Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its 

Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) 

Transit Subsidy Program

What We Found

Region II management did not provide sufficient oversight of the MARTA 

transit subsidy program, leading to significant internal control 

weaknesses and wasting more than $160,000 of agency funds from May 

2011 through April 2015.

Under a 2009 agreement and a 2012 contract between NRC and MARTA, 

MARTA bills NRC for employee use of public transit based on whether an 

employee anticipates using MARTA in any particular month. However, 

while Region II collects and maintains anticipated employee use data in 

an internal computer tracking system, this information was not 

communicated to the system of record for MARTA, the MARTA Partner 

Pages. Only one of six staff involved in program administration recalled 

receiving formal training from MARTA on the use of the Partner Pages 

before January 2015.

In addition, (1) Region II staff did not maintain all required 

documentation related to the MARTA contract as required by the Federal 

Acquisition Regulation, (2) not all contracting officer representatives 

(COR) responsible for invoice review had timely written delegations of 

authority from the contracting officer on file, (3) Region II could not 

produce copies of the forms used by employees to sign up for the transit 

subsidy benefit for all MARTA users and none of the available forms had 

evidence of required supervisory review, and (4) fiscal year 2012 invoice 

records were incomplete and not all available invoices had evidence of 

COR review.

What We Recommend

This report makes recommendations that will strengthen internal 

controls and align this program with agency and governmentwide best 

practices. Management stated their general agreement with this report

and that they have initiated actions to correct the deficiencies identified.

Why We Did This Review

 The Federal Government 

encourages its employees to 

commute to and from work by 

public transportation. The U.S. 

Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission (NRC) has a 

transit subsidy benefits 

program that makes transit 

subsidies available to 

employees. 

Federal laws, regulations, and 

standards require managers to 

establish policies and 

procedures to ensure program 

objectives are achieved and 

assets are safeguarded. In 

addition, NRC policies and 

procedures have guidelines to 

manage a transit subsidy 

program. 

The audit objectives were to 

(1) evaluate Region II’s 

Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid 

Transit Authority (MARTA) 

transit subsidy program and 

administration, as well as (2) 

determine the adequacy of 

internal controls and 

safeguarding of agency assets. 

To meet these objectives, the 

Office of the Inspector General 

(OIG) assessed Region II’s 

administration of the MARTA 

transit subsidy program for 

compliance with Federal and 

NRC criteria.

OIG-15-A-21

September 30, 2015
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................... i

I. BACKGROUND ................................................................................1

II. OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................6

III. FINDING...........................................................................................6

Significant Internal Control Weaknesses and Deviations 

from Best Practices............................................................6

Recommendations.....................................................................14

IV. AGENCY COMMENTS...................................................................16

APPENDIX

A. OBJECTIVE, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY...............................17

TO REPORT FRAUD, WASTE, OR ABUSE .............................................20

COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS..........................................................20

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

i

COR Contracting Officer’s Representative

DOT Department of Transportation

FMFIA Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act of 1982

FY Fiscal Year

GAO Government Accountability Office

GG General Grade

MARTA Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority

MD Management Directive

NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

OIG Office of the Inspector General

TRANServe Office of Transportation Services

 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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The Federal Government encourages its employees to commute to and 

from work by public transportation. Congress passed the Federal 

Employees Clean Air Incentives Act in December 1993 with the goal to 

improve air quality and reduce traffic congestion. On April 21, 2000, 

President Clinton signed Executive Order 13150, Federal Workforce 

Transportation, which directed all Federal agencies to implement a mass 

transportation and vanpool transportation fringe benefit program no later 

than October 1, 2000. The current benefit is $130 per month.

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has a transit subsidy 

benefits program available to all employees (see Table 1).

Table 1. NRC Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 Estimated Transit Subsidy Use

Estimated Transit Subsidy Use by Location

NRC Location Employees Subsidy 

Users Percent (%)

Headquarters 2,810 840 29.89

Region I 230 2 .87

Region II1 300 150 50.00

Technical Training Center 40 0 0.00

Region III 220 4 1.82

Region IV 200 0 0.00

Total 3,800 996 26.21

 Source: Office of the Inspector General (OIG) created based on NRC data

Program Guidance

NRC’s Management Directive (MD) 13.4, Transportation Management,

2

provides NRC staff with guidelines on the use of Public Transit Subsidy 

Programs and specifies eligibility requirements for public transit subsidy 

benefits (i.e., employees using authorized public transportation to 

commute to and from work). The policy and guidance in this MD apply 

to all NRC employees and state that Regions I, II, III, and IV have 

 

1 Region II’s subsidy users include an average of 73 Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) monthly 

pass holders as well as 77 users of other regional transit options. 

2 The original MD was published in August 2005 and revised as of February 19, 2013.

 I. BACKGROUND
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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similar subsidy programs. Regional employees may participate in these 

programs by completing an application form provided by their Division 

of Resource Management and Administration.

In accordance with MD 13.4, Region II established its own public transit 

subsidy program. Regional Office Instruction No. 0290, Region II 

Transportation and Facility Management Programs,

3 names the Division 

of Resource Management and Administration Director as responsible for 

transportation program implementation and training of Region II 

employees on the proper use of the program. The Regional Office 

Instruction further identifies the MARTA as a regional transit partner.

Region II Partnership with MARTA

In December 2009, the Region II Division of Resource Management and 

Administration Director signed a Partnership Program Agreement with 

MARTA for discounted transit passes provided via NRC to Region II

employees. (See Figure 1 for a partial Region II organization chart.) 

The agreement identified an NRC program administrator4to monitor and 

administer the agreement, which states 

[NRC] shall be responsible for uploading all monthly card 

benefits to the Partner Pages5 by midnight of the 22nd day 

of the month prior to the benefit month. These uploads into 

the Partner Pages include information on the activation and 

deactivation6 of the MARTA monthly pass benefit. The 

Partner’s [NRC in this case] failure to meet this deadline 

may cause a delay in the activation of benefits and/or 

incorrect billing.

To support program administrators, MARTA provides the necessary 

information needed to access MARTA Partner Pages and to manage 

 

3 This document was first published on May 8, 2013.

4 This report uses the term program administrator to refer to non-managerial staff serving as program 

administrator, partner’s representative, or project officer. All these titles refer to persons with the same program 

responsibilities.

5 Partner Pages are MARTA’s Web interface system that Partnership Program Agreement signatories use to 

manage and maintain their account.

6 MARTA has two statuses for Breeze Cards. “Activated” provides a monthly transit subsidy benefit loaded on a 

Breeze Card. “Deactivated” is used for cardholders who do not expect to ride MARTA in the upcoming month; 

thus, no transit subsidy benefit is loaded on a deactivated card. 
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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and maintain an established account. MARTA staff will provide onsite 

training upon request.

MARTA Breeze Card

Region II employees ride MARTA by using a monthly Breeze Card, an

electronic fare card. MARTA rail 

has a flat-fee structure and each 

Breeze Card currently costs NRC 

$92.15 per month for all cards 

activated within the MARTA Partner 

Pages, regardless of the level of 

usage. Conversely, NRC does not 

pay for cards deactivated in the 

MARTA Partner Pages.

Since April 2010, Region II employees complete a Form 546 and log into 

the NRC’s MARTA Management System7 a Web-based application 

created by Region II, to request a Breeze Card. The program 

administrator links the serial number of an unassigned Breeze Card to the 

requesting employee within the NRC’s MARTA Management System.

Region II uses NRC’s MARTA Management System to collect information 

about planned Breeze Card use in the following month. The Region II 

program administrator sends all Breeze Card holders a monthly email 

reminding users to “opt-in”8 or not for the upcoming month in NRC’s 

MARTA Management System and includes the phrase, “Those who do not 

opt-in will have their breeze card deactivated.” This step represents the

employee’s duty to report planned MARTA use in the following month.

NRC Contract

In 2011, Region II staff worked with NRC Division of Contracts staff to 

develop a contract between NRC and MARTA. This contract was

executed in January 2012 by an NRC contracting officer at NRC 

headquarters and a MARTA staff member. Similar to the 2009 

 

7 NRC’s MARTA Management System helps program administrators manage the MARTA transit subsidy program. 

This application is internal only to NRC and is not linked to MARTA Partner Pages.

8

“Opt-in” is an NRC-internal term for the request of a Breeze Card to be activated for the next month within NRC’s 

MARTA Management System. 

MARTA Breeze Card image (above) source 

from http://www.breezecard.com/
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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agreement, the 2012 contract also has explicit instructions for placing 

monthly orders:

Region II authorized officials [Contracting Officer’s 

Representative (COR) or program administrator] will upload 

participants monthly Breeze Card values via MARTA’s 

website [Partner Pages] in accordance with MARTA Breeze 

Card guidelines.... The Contractor’s [MARTA’s] invoice shall 

reflect the agency’s monthly usage based on the information 

provided.

This step represents NRC’s duty to report planned Breeze Card 

activations and deactivations to MARTA.

In the 2012 contract, COR duties were assigned to a Region II General 

Grade (GG) 14 manager in the Financial Management Branch. The 

COR is to place delivery orders, monitor contractor performance, inspect 

and accept products, and review contractor invoices. The contract also 

named an additional, non-managerial Financial Management Branch 

GG-8 employee as program administrator. In September 2012, the 

duties of the program administrator were transferred to a GG-6 

employee in the Information Resources Branch who was not named in 

the contract. In December 2013, the original COR was replaced by a 

GG-13 employee who is in the Information Resources Branch. In 

February 2015, the COR and program administrator duties were 

reassigned to the Financial Management Branch (see Figure 1).
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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Figure 1: Region II Contract Administration Organization Chart

Region II Regional Administrator (SES)

Director Division of Resource Management and Administration (GG-15) Financial Management Branch Information Resources Branch Contracting Officer’s Representative (GG-14) Jan 2012-Dec 2013 Feb 2015- Program Administrator (GG-8) Jan 2012-Oct 2012 Feb 2015-

Contracting Officer’s Representative (GG-13) Dec 2013-Feb 2015 Program Administrator (GG-6) Dec 2009-Jan 2012 Oct 2012-Feb 2015

Contracting Officer (GG-15) In Rockville, MD

Source: OIG created from NRC information 

Issue Identified

In December 2014, an alternate COR, from the Information Resources 

Branch, noticed some inconsistencies in the ordering procedures and 

invoice totals. When the alternate COR was asked to approve an invoice 

in January 2015, similar discrepancies were noted. The alternate COR 

reported the issue to Region II management. This led to an internal 

review by Region II staff that identified some issues related to Region II’s 

management of the MARTA transit subsidy program. On February 9, 

2015, Region II management asked the OIG to complete a more indepth 

review. 
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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The audit objectives were to (1) evaluate Region II’s MARTA transit 

subsidy program and administration, as well as (2) determine the 

adequacy of internal controls and safeguarding of agency assets. The 

report appendix contains information on the audit scope and methodology.

Region II’s MARTA transit subsidy program has significant internal control 

weaknesses and deviations from best practices.

In addition, related to contract administration issues, OIG proposes to 

address this topic in a planned FY 2016 audit, Audit of NRC’s Contract 

Administration Process.

Significant Internal Control Weaknesses and Deviations from 

Best Practices

Region II management did not provide sufficient oversight of the MARTA 

transit subsidy program, leading to significant internal control weaknesses. 

As a result, Region II wasted more than $160,000 of agency funds.

Federal laws, regulations, and standards require managers to establish 

policies and procedures to ensure program objectives are achieved and 

assets are safeguarded. In addition, NRC policies and procedures have 

guidelines to manage a transit subsidy program. Moreover, other Federal 

agencies’ best practices provide insight into an opportunity for NRC to 

better manage its transit subsidy program.

What Is Required

 II. OBJECTIVES

 III. FINDING
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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Federal Laws, Regulations, and Standards

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) Standards for Internal 

Control in the Federal Government9 states that internal controls are an

integral component of an organization’s management that provides

reasonable assurance that operations are effective, efficient, comply with 

applicable laws and regulations, and financial reporting is reliable. To 

support internal controls, management needs to identify appropriate 

knowledge and skills needed for various jobs, and provide needed training 

and guidance.

 

Internal control standards also state that control activities should be 

effective and efficient in helping to accomplish the agency's control 

objectives. Examples of key control activities include ensuring that 

transactions and other significant events are authorized and executed only 

by persons acting within the scope of their authority. Management must 

provide top level reviews of actual performance, establish proper 

segregation of duties, and ensure the accurate and timely recording and 

retention of documentation supporting transactions and events. With

regard to information systems, management is responsible to ensure that 

only authorized users have access to systems and networks.

Internal control standards further require management to ensure that the 

organization has relevant, reliable, and timely communications related to 

internal as well as external events and that the information is identified, 

captured, and distributed in a form and time frame that permits people to 

perform their duties efficiently. Managers need both operational and 

financial data to determine whether they are meeting their goals related to 

effective and efficient use of resources.

The Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act of 1982 (FMFIA) requires 

ongoing evaluations and reports of the adequacy of the systems of 

internal accounting and administrative control of each executive agency. 

Specifically, FMFIA requires that the agency annually provide reasonable 

assurance that funds are safeguarded against waste and loss.

The Federal Acquisition Regulation is the primary guidance used by all 

Federal agencies to acquire supplies and services. Contracting officers 

 

9GAO Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government GAO/AIMD-00-21.3.1, November, 1999.
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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shall designate and authorize in writing a COR to perform specified 

contract administration duties. COR duties may not be redelegated.

The Federal Acquisition Regulation also has specific documentation 

requirements related to the procurement and administration of contracts. 

Documentation includes the basis for the contract award, such as

acquisition planning and assignment of contract administration, including 

payment responsibilities. The file must include invoices, records of 

payments, and other pertinent documents. These files must be readily 

accessible to principal users and retained for at least 3 years after the final 

payment on the contract.

NRC Guidance

NRC’s MD 13.4, Transportation Management, specifies eligibility 

requirements for employees using public transportation subsidies to 

commute to and from work. All employees who wish to receive public 

transportation subsidy benefits must complete a Form 546, NRC Transit 

Subsidy Benefits Program Application. Employees certify their home 

address, duty location, and work schedule. Supervisors sign the form to 

certify duty hours. MD 13.4 provides that employees who have a monthly 

parking pass at an NRC building may not receive a transit subsidy benefit. 

Region II’s Regional Office Instruction No. 0209, effective May 8, 2013,

references MD 13.4 and states that the Division of Resource Management 

and Administration Director is responsible to the Regional Administrator 

for transportation program implementation and training of Region II 

employees on the proper use of NRC’s traffic mitigation programs, 

including transit subsidy use.

Best Practices

Federal agencies throughout the United States use the Department of 

Transportation’s (DOT) Office of Transportation Services (TRANServe) 

debit card program. In 1998, TRANServe began offering transit benefit 

distribution services to other Federal entities participating in the Federal 

Government’s transit benefit program. In 2011, TRANServe began 

distributing transit benefits via debit cards in place of paper vouchers 

where accepted by transit authorities. MARTA participates in the 

TRANServe program. In FY 2014, TRANServe distributed transit subsidy 
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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benefits to over 202,000 transit-benefit participants employed by 106 

Federal entities nationwide, mostly through the TRANServe debit card. 

On May 29, 2015, GAO released a report, Federal Transit Benefit 

Program: DOT’s Debit-Card Internal Controls Are Designed to Be 

Consistent with Federal Standards, GAO-15-497, which found that the 

program’s internal controls align with GAO’s Standards for Internal 

Control in the Federal Government.

Significant Internal Control Weaknesses

Region II’s MARTA transit subsidy program has significant internal control 

weaknesses. Specifically, staff overseeing the program did not (1) have 

sufficient training and guidance related to the public transportation subsidy 

program and contract administration, (2) maintain required contract 

documentation, and (3) reconcile transit service invoices to Region II 

actual MARTA use.

Training and Guidance

Program staff had insufficient training and guidance for contract 

administration. There is no record that the Region II Division of Resource 

Management and Administration Director who signed the 2009 agreement

received formal contracting officer training. Five of the six non-managerial 

staff designated as program administrators did not receive COR training. 

The NRC contract signed in 2012 authorized the COR and four additional 

program administrators to place delivery orders under this contract. In 

September 2012, program administration tasks were assigned to an 

individual not named in any contractual documents. 

In addition, staff had insufficient training and guidance for program 

administration. Only one of six staff recalled receiving formal training from 

MARTA on the use of their Partner Pages before January 2015. Further, 

the written policies and procedures available to Region II staff regarding 

the transit subsidy program were silent on communicating planned Breeze 

Card activations and deactivations to MARTA.

What We Found
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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Documentation

Region II staff did not maintain all required documentation related to 

MARTA contractual agreements as required by the Federal Acquisition 

Regulation. Region II staff and management interviewed in May and 

June 2015 did not know of the existence of the December 2009 

Partnership Program Agreement with MARTA and could not produce a 

copy when asked by the auditors about possible prior contractual 

arrangements. The warrant10 for the Division of Resource Management 

and Administration Director who signed the agreement is limited to 

purchases that do not exceed $25,000 in the aggregate. Further, the 

contract file reviewed by the auditors had inadequate evidence of market 

research11 to support the choice of the contract vehicle used in the 

January 2012 contract.

In addition, not all CORs assigned to this contract had timely written 

delegations of authority from the contracting officer on file. There is no 

written record of a delegation to all staff named as program administrators 

in the contract file.

Region II staff did not maintain all required documentation related to the 

MARTA public transit subsidy program. Region II staff could not provide 

copies of the Forms 546 for all persons using the MARTA Breeze Card. 

Region II staff eventually provided forms for 115 of 132 identified Breeze 

Card holders. None of the Forms 546 provided had evidence of 

supervisory review of hours of work. Furthermore, Region II staff could 

not produce copies of all invoices paid to MARTA and not all available 

invoices had evidence of COR review. 

Lastly, before June 2015, NRC’s MARTA Management System did not 

retain archival data for staff who left NRC. Thus, it is not possible to verify 

actual past MARTA use by former NRC employees.

Data Reconciliation

There was no documentation provided to auditors to indicate operational 

data sources were reviewed for Region II employee compliance with 

 

10 Warrant is an official document designating an individual as a contracting officer.

11 “Market research” means collecting and analyzing information about capabilities within the market to satisfy 

agency needs.
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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program requirements and that operational data was reconciled to 

financial data.

For example, there is no evidence to support that program 

administrators confirmed staff had a valid Form 546 on file before issuing 

a MARTA Breeze Card. Two Region II employees used NRC’s transit 

subsidy benefit before completing a Form 546. Region II staff indicated 

they did not compare Forms 546 to the parking list to verify whether staff 

concurrently received employer provided parking and transit subsidy. 

OIG determined that four individuals received both for a sum total of 18 

months over a 4-year period.

There was no reconciliation between financial data, namely invoices, and 

operational data, namely usage data. Specifically,

 “Opt-in” information was not properly communicated within 

Region II and to MARTA. Changes in employee Breeze Card 

anticipated use were recorded via the “opt-in” process in NRC’s 

MARTA Management System, but this information was not 

transferred to the system of record for MARTA, the MARTA Partner 

Pages. 

 “Opt-in” information in the NRC’s MARTA Management System

was not compared to invoice amounts.

 “Opt-in” information was not compared to actual ridership 

information available from the MARTA Partner Pages. 

NRC program staff was confused by the similarity of the names of NRC’s 

MARTA Management System and the MARTA Partner Pages. Staff did 

not understand that information in the NRC developed MARTA 

Management System was not automatically recorded in the MARTA

Partner Pages. Finally, non-program administrator staff accessed NRC’s 

MARTA Management System and made changes to the MARTA “opt-in” 

data.
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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Lack of Management Oversight

Region II management did not provide sufficient oversight and follow best 

practices for procurement of transit subsidy services and for managing 

the MARTA transit subsidy program. Management was unaware of

 Inadequate training and inadequate policies and procedures for 

contracting and program staff.

 Alternative contractual mechanisms to provide transit subsidy 

services such as the DOT Debit-Card program.

 Lack of evidence of supervisory review on Forms 546, an agency 

best practice.

 Available operational data sources and the lack of operational 

and financial data reconciliation.

 Inadequate document retention policies and practices.

 Lack of periodic audits of administrator access of NRC’s MARTA 

Management System.

 Staff confusion between NRC’s MARTA Management System

and the MARTA Partner Pages.

 COR redelegation of contract administration tasks to poorly 

trained staff.

These internal control weaknesses were not found until after December 

2014; therefore, they were not reported in previous Region II FMFIA 

submissions. Region II management acknowledges these weaknesses 

and stated that they are working on correcting the issues. 

Weak internal controls over this program led to errors in contracting and

program administration, and wasted more than $160,000 of agency funds

(see Table 2).12 Without correcting these significant internal control 

 

12 The estimate of wasted funds is conservative due to lack of documentation for the entire period. Region II was 

unable to provide invoices for all months under review. MARTA was able to provide additional invoices, but not 

Why This Occurred

Why This Is Important
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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issues, Region II will continue wasting agency funds and mismanaging 

the program.

OIG estimated waste by comparing NRC’s Breeze Card “opt-in” 

information as shown in the NRC’s MARTA Management System to the 

number of cards billed as “activated” on the MARTA invoice for the 

corresponding month. The difference represents the estimate of waste. 

This waste occurred because while NRC internally tracked which 

employees “opt-in,” NRC did not communicate this information to MARTA. 

Thus, MARTA charged NRC for all activated cards each month per 

MARTA records. OIG evaluated only months for which both NRC’s 

MARTA Management System data and MARTA invoices were available. 

Months with incomplete data are not included in the chart.

Table 2: Estimated Waste

FY13

NRC Information MARTA Invoices Difference

Number 

of 

“opt-in”

Breeze 

Cards

Cost

Number 

of 

Activated 

Breeze 

Cards

Cost

Number 

of 

Breeze 

Cards

Cost

2011 306 $ 20,183.76 459 $ 30,275.64 153 $ 10,091.88

2012 599 $ 55,197.85 976 $ 89,938.40 377 $ 34,740.55

2013 752 $ 69,296.80 1,257 $115,832.55 505 $ 46,535.75

2014 783 $ 72,153.45 1,355 $124,863.25 572 $ 52,709.80

2015 470 $ 43,310.50 675 $ 62,201.25 205 $ 18,890.75

Total 2,910 $260,142.36 4,722 $423,111.09 1,812 $162,968.73

 Source: OIG created from Region II and MARTA data

In addition to the financial impact, weak policies regarding system access 

controls led to access of NRC’s MARTA Management System as an 

administrative user by an employee who was not assigned program 

administrator duties at the time. These weak administrative user access 

controls increase the likelihood of fraud, waste, and abuse.

 

for the entire period. Additionally, because NRC’s MARTA Management System does not retain archival 

information related to staff who have left NRC service, the count of Region II Breeze Card users may be misstated.

13 For FY 2011, five MARTA invoices, from May through September 2011, were available for review. For FY 2012, 

10 MARTA invoices, December 2011 to September 2012, were available. For FY 2013 and FY 2014, all 12 MARTA 

invoices were available. For FY 2015, seven MARTA invoices, October 2014 through April 2015, were reviewed.
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

14

Recommendations

OIG recommends that the Executive Director for Operations

1. Establish guidance for managing the MARTA transit subsidy program,

including detailed policies, procedures, and training for both Contracting 

Officer’s Representatives and other staff who work on or utilize the 

transit benefit subsidy program.

2. Conduct a cost-benefit analysis on the use of alternative contracting 

mechanisms employed by other Federal agencies, such as the 

Department of Transportation’s Debit-Card program.

3. Implement supervisory review of the Forms 546, NRC’s MARTA 

Management System “opt-in” data, the MARTA Partner Pages usage

data, and MARTA invoices.

4. Perform reconciliation of transit data including

 Persons who park at Region II headquarters to persons receiving a 

transit subsidy benefit. 

 Forms 546 to persons receiving a transit subsidy benefit.

 Monthly count of persons “opting-in” in NRC’s MARTA 

Management System to the MARTA usage report from the MARTA 

Partner Pages for the corresponding month.

 Monthly count of persons “opting-in” in NRC’s MARTA 

Management System to the number of Breeze Cards billed on the 

corresponding monthly invoice from MARTA.

5. Maintain records such as the contract file (contract, delegation letters, 

invoices, communication with vendor) per records retention requirements 

in the Federal Acquisition Regulation, and maintain Forms 546 for as long 

as the employee receives a transit subsidy benefit.

6. Periodically audit system access of administrative users in the NRC’s 

MARTA Management System.
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

15

7. Change the name of the NRC’s MARTA Management System to clearly 

differentiate and indicate that this application belongs to NRC and is not 

part of MARTA.

8. Include the issues found in this audit in Region II’s review for its FY 2015 

Federal Manager’s Financial Integrity Act submission.
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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An exit briefing was held with the agency on September 28, 2015. Prior 

to this meeting, agency management reviewed a discussion draft and 

provided comments that have been incorporated into this report as 

appropriate. As a result, agency management stated their general 

agreement with this report and chose not to provide formal comments for 

inclusion in this report.

In addition, at the exit briefing, agency management highlighted some 

of the corrective actions taken before and during the audit to mitigate 

issues identified in this report. 

 IV. AGENCY COMMENTS
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Appendix A

Objectives

The audit objectives were to (1) evaluate Region II’s MARTA transit 

subsidy program and administration, as well as (2) determine the 

adequacy of internal controls and safeguarding of agency assets.

Scope

This audit focused on adequacy of internal controls over NRC’s MARTA

transit subsidy program and administration, and safeguarding of agency 

assets. OIG analyzed contractual agreements between NRC and MARTA 

dated December 2009 and January 2012, and transaction information 

from FYs 2011 to 2015. OIG developed audit procedures to address 

specific areas of internal control over Federal transit subsidy benefits 

specifically those related to Breeze Cards, based on document reviews 

and interviews with staff at headquarters, Region II, and MARTA officials. 

OIG conducted this performance audit at NRC headquarters in Rockville, 

Maryland, and Region II and MARTA offices located in Atlanta, Georgia,

from May 2015 through August 2015. OIG reviewed and analyzed internal 

controls related to the audit objectives. Throughout the audit, auditors 

were aware of the possibility of fraud, waste, and abuse in the program.

Limitations on the Scope of Our Work

There were limitations on the scope of our audit work; namely, there are

missing invoices that neither Region II nor MARTA were able to provide. 

Prior to June 2015, NRC’s MARTA Management System did not retain 

“opt-in” data related to MARTA riders who subsequently left NRC 

employment. These scope limitations result in our inability to accurately

estimate the amount of wasted payment by Region II to MARTA.

 OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY
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Methodology

To accomplish the audit objectives, OIG reviewed relevant Federal laws, 

regulations, and guidance including

 General Services Administration, Department of Defense, and 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Federal Acquisition 

Regulation, March 2005.

 Government Accountability Office, Standards for Internal Control in 

the Federal Government version GAO/AIMD-00-21.3.1, November

1999.

 Executive Order 13150, Federal Workforce Transportation.

In terms of NRC guidance, OIG staff also reviewed

 MD 11.1, NRC Acquisition of Supplies and Services.

 MD 13.4, Transportation Management.

 NRC Form 546, NRC Transit Subsidy Benefits Program 

Application, last updated in June 2015. 

 Region II policies and procedures specific to management of its 

transit subsidy program.

OIG analyzed the following documents and data for completeness, gaps, 

discrepancies, and violations of policy and regulations:

 Two contractual documents between NRC and MARTA: one dated 

December 2009, and the other dated January 2012.

 Delegation of authority documents between contracting officers and 

CORs. 

 Region II’s parking benefit report. 

 NRC’s MARTA Management System data.

 MARTA Partner Pages data.

 Region II’s Forms 546.

 MARTA invoices.

OIG interviewed staff from NRC’s Office of the General Counsel, Office of 

Administration, and Region II to obtain insights on the agency’s process 

for internal controls over transit subsidy program management. OIG 

interviewed MARTA officials to obtain their perspective on the MARTA 

Partnership Program.
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OIG reviewed the transit subsidy programs in NRC headquarters, Region 

I, and Region III for insight into agency public transit subsidy program 

administration. 

OIG benchmarked transit subsidy management programs with other 

Federal offices located in Atlanta, Georgia. OIG reviewed transit subsidy 

program management options including the DOT Debit-Card program. 

We also reviewed GAO’s report, Federal Transit Benefit Program: DOT’s 

Debit-Card Internal Controls Are Designed to Be Consistent with Federal 

Standards, GAO-15-497, May 2015.

We conducted this performance audit in accordance with generally 

accepted Government auditing standards (except as noted earlier with 

regard to invoice access and NRC’s MARTA Management System 

historical data). Those standards require that we plan and perform the 

audit to obtain sufficient and appropriate evidence to provide a reasonable 

basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives. 

Except for the scope limitation regarding access to invoices and NRC’s 

MARTA Management System historical data, we believe that the evidence 

obtained provides a reasonable basis for our finding and conclusions 

based on our audit objectives.

The audit was conducted by Eric Rivera, Team Leader; Mary Meier, Audit 

Manager; Tincy Thomas, Senior Auditor; Jimmy Wong, Management 

Analyst; Chanel Stridiron, Auditor; and Elan Becker, Student Intern.
Audit of NRC Region II’s Management of Its MARTA Transit Subsidy Program

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Please Contact:

Email: Online Form

Telephone: 1-800-233-3497

TDD 1-800-270-2787

Address: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Office of the Inspector General

Hotline Program

Mail Stop O5-E13

11555 Rockville Pike

Rockville, MD 20852

If you wish to provide comments on this report, please email OIG using this link.

In addition, if you have suggestions for future OIG audits, please provide them using 

this link.

 TO REPORT FRAUD, WASTE, OR ABUSE

 COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS