FW: SPI Anderson PERMIT APPLICATION NO . SAC 12-01- 

Comments-Clarification

Thomas, Hal to: R9AirPermits 11/25/2013 12:25 PM

From: "Thomas, Hal" <HThomas@buttecounty.net>

To: R9AirPermits@EPA, 

History: This message has been forwarded.

Clarification: The term and fuel restriction limiting biomass fuel to 

“Clean cellulosic biomass” was implemented in Kern County in 

PSD PERMIT NUMBER: SJ 85-06 Amendment issued 5-15-12 

PERMITTEE: Rio Bravo Poso 19100 Von Karman, Suite 570 

Irvine, CA 92612. 

The Butte and Glenn County District Attorney’s would request 

that a the proposed SPI Anderson Permit be consistent in its 

application of the 40 CFR 241.2 clean wood fuel standard so as to 

provide a state wide wood fuel market based on common 

nonpolluting quality standards. 

Harold M. Thomas

Special Deputy District Attorney

Yolo, Glenn, and Butte Counties

25 County Center Dr.

Oroville, California 95965

From: Thomas, Hal 

Sent: Monday, November 25, 2013 11:43 AM

To: 'R9airpermits@epa.gov'

Subject: SPI Anderson PERMIT APPLICATION NO. SAC 12-01- 

Comments

In our review of the fuel conditions included in the proposed permit, we

do not see a requirement that the fuel be “clean cellulosic biomass” as

defined in 40 CFR 241.2 . We would request that this condition be

included in the proposed permit language. Testing of urban wood waste

fuel associated with the Oroville POPI facility (attached) has indicated

that wood fuel associated with urban wood waste contains high levels

of metals including lead and arsenic exceeding levels found in virgin

wood materials.  Contaminants associated with urban wood waste

including plastics and plastics associated with orchard waste have

resulted in levels of dioxin in fly ash as high as 2600 ppt WHO TEQ. We

have attached a report of findings prepared for the Butte County

District Attorney.  The proposed permit does not restrict the
distribution of fly ash to agricultural lands and both Butte and Glenn

Counties have been the disposal site for biomass ash contaminated with

metals above hazardous waste levels.  Dioxin contaminated fly ash was

deposited on agricultural lands in the Chico area at levels exceeding the

State agricultural soils health standard of 40 ppt.  Adequate testing and

waste characterization of fly ash generated in the Anderson facility

must be required to protect public health as fly ash from Anderson may

be disposed of in our counties.

As contaminants in urban wood fuel are effectively unregulated by the

proposed permit, it is important to public health and the quality of

North Valley soils that biomass fuel be restricted to clean cellulosic

biomass and that distribution of fly ash to agricultural soils be limited to

ash that meets applicable state and federal standards including metals

standards for agricultural soil amendments.   We thank you for the

opportunity to comment on this permit.

Harold M. Thomas

Special Deputy District Attorney

Yolo, Glenn, and Butte Counties

25 County Center Dr.

Oroville, California 95965

ROF POPI Dioxins Dioxins 8-29-12.pd 8-29-12.pdf
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

1

REPORT OF FINDINGS

Co-generated Ash Sampling : August 29, 2012

PACIFIC OROVILLE POWER, INC.

OROVILLE, CA

P R EP AR ED FOR

Butte County Deputy District Attorney

Harold Thomas

25 County Center Dr.

Oroville, CA 95965

P R EP AR ED BY

Chico Environmental Science and Planning

333 Main Street, Suite 260

Chico, CA 95928

DECEMBER 27, 2012
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

2

John Lane

Professional Geologist 7717

Report of Findings

For:

Butte County Deputy District Attorney

Harold Thomas

25 County Center Dr.

Oroville, CA 95965

December 27, 2012

This Report of Findings has been prepared by the 

staff of Chico Environmental Science and Planning 

under direction of a State of California Registered 

Geologist whose seal and/or signature appears 

hereon.

This Report of Findings has been prepared in an 

objective and unbiased manner and in accord with 

generally accepted professional practice for this 

type of work. Chico Environmental believes the 

results, specifications, conclusions and 

professional opinions to be accurate and relevant 

but cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy 

or completeness of public documentation or 

possible withholding of information by 

interviewees or other private parties. We make 

no other warranty, either expressed or implied.
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REPORT OF FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................................... 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.0 SITE IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION................................................................................................. 4

3.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION............................................................ 5

4.0 PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.0 HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS .................................................................................11

6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................12

7.0 QUALIFICATIONS AND SIGNATURE ......................................................................................................12

8.0 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................................13

APPENDIX A: SUNSTAR LABORATORY ANALYSIS ................................................................................15

APPENDIX B: FRONTIER ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES.................................................................................16
Report of Findings 

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Chico Environmental created this Report of Findings based on laboratory results of ash samples 

collected August 29, 2012 from the Pacific Oroville Power, Inc. (POPI) facility. This report includes 

results of laboratory analyses, general research, observations and professional opinions. Samples 

were collected by John Lane of Chico Environmental and the Butte County District Attorney Special 

Investigator (BCDA SI) George Barber. 

2.0 SITE IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

Site: Pacific Oroville Power, Inc. 

3050 S. 5th Ave.

Oroville, Butte County, CA 95965

Lead Agency: Butte County Deputy District Attorney

Harold Thomas

25 County Center Dr.

Oroville, CA 95965

Environmental Chico Environmental Science and Planning

Services 333 Main Street, Suite 260

Contractor: Chico, CA 95928

(530) 899-2900

Registrations: Professional Geologist #7717

3.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Chico Environmental staff collected samples of fly ash, bottom ash, and ash from the facility’s boiler 

at the POPI facility in Oroville, California. At the time of sampling, several piles of ash material were 

observed within the facility. 
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

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4.0 PURPOSE

This Report of Findings was performed by Chico Environmental to determine the chemical 

composition and potential toxicity of ash material located at the POPI facility.

4.1 ASH SAMPLING 

On August 29, 2012, Chico Environmental staff collected samples of ash from the POPI facility in 

Oroville. The ash was unconsolidated, loose material including nails, screws, rocks up to 

approximately 1.5 inches in diameter and other unidentifiable materials. The Butte County District 

Attorney’s Special Investigator (BCDA SI) observed the sampling procedures. Duplicate samples 

were collected at each location and were given to the POPI manager, Wayne Amer who also 

observed sample collection. The other samples were split at SunStar Laboratory in Lake Forest, CA, 

and half of each sample was sent to Frontier Analytical Laboratories in El Dorado Hills, CA.

Sample S1 contains fly ash, sample S2 contains bottom ash, and sample S3 contains ash from the 

facility’s boiler. All samples were collected within the POPI facility.

4.2 METHODOLOGY

Samples were collected using a 4 oz. glass jar as the sampling tool and sample container. Each 

sample was collected using an upward or downward scooping motion to fill the jar. If the first 

scoop did not fill the jar, a second or third scoop was made (from the same point) to entirely fill the 

jar. A clean set of nitrile gloves were used during each sample collection. Sample containers were 

labeled prior to sample collection. After the samples were collected, they were packed in a precooled ice chest at approximately 4oC for transportation to the lab. SunStar Laboratories and 

Frontier Analytical Laboratories were selected because they are both state-certified hazardous 

materials testing laboratories. Proper chain-of-custody procedures were followed at all times. 

Prior to shipping the samples, the BCDA SI placed “Evidence” seals on the containers in the 

presence of Chico Environmental staff. The BCDA SI did not take or release custody of the samples; 

therefore, he did not sign the Chain of Custody form. 

4.3 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 

The ash samples were analyzed at SunStar Labs for pH by EPA Method 9045A, Mercury by EPA 

Method 7471A, and Title 22 Metals by EPA Method 6010B. The ash samples were analyzed at 

Frontier Analytical Laboratories for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated 

dibenzofurans by EPA Method 8290. 
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

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METALS

Table 1 is a quick reference to the SunStar Labs sample results for Title 22 Metals with bold and 

highlighted cells indicating the level detected was greater than one or more of the regulatory limits. 

Appendix A contains greater detail for each sample analysis. Results from SunStar labs showed 

that all samples exceeded the California Human Health Screening Level (CHHSL), the Regional 

Screening Levels (RSL), and the Environmental Screening Levels (ESL) for Residential and 

Industrial soils for Arsenic. 

 ND=none detected

Table 1

POPI sample results (mg/kg)

Constituent S1 S2 S3

Antimony ND ND ND

Silver ND ND ND

Arsenic 7.7 10 10

Barium 530 480 470

Beryllium ND ND ND

Cadmium ND ND ND

Chromium 

III 30 35 36

Cobalt 11 12 12

Copper 150 200 190

Lead 32 42 43

Molybdenum ND ND ND

Nickel 36 42 44

Selenium ND ND ND

Thallium ND ND ND

Vanadium 53 57 61

Zinc 330 450 340

Mercury ND ND ND
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Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

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Table 2 is a quick reference table showing these standards.

PH

According to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), material is deemed to be toxic if 

it displays the following characteristics:

 Ignitable (Flashpoint <140 oF)

 Corrosive (aqueous pH < 2 or > 12.5) 

 Reactive (normally unstable, undergoes violent changes without detonating, water 

reactive) 

 Toxic (exceeding the regulatory limits for contaminants under the TCLP or “7-11 test” 

analysis) 

Table 3 displays the pH sample results from the three discrete samples. Note that all samples 

exceed the RCRA hazardous waste corrosivity standard since none of the samples fell within the 

non-hazardous waste range of 2-12.5 pH units.

Table 3: pH levels

S1 S2 S3 hazardous waste limit

12.9 13.1 13.1 <2 or >12.5

STLC TTLC

Constituent STLC TTLC Residential Industrial Residential Industrial

Drinking 

Water - 

Residential

Not 

Drinking 

Water - 

Industrial 

Drinking 

Water 

Source

Not 

Drinking 

Water

Antimony 15 500 30 380 31 410 6.3 40 6.3 40

Silver 5 500 380 4800 390 5100 20 40 20 40

Arsenic 5 500 0.07 0.24 0.39 1.6 0.39 1.6 0.39 1.6

Barium 100 10000 5200 63000 15000 190000 750 1500 750 1500

Beryllium 0.75 75 150 1700 160 2000 4 8 4 8

Cadmium 1 100 1.7 7.5 70 800 1.7 7.4 1.7 7.4

Chromium III 5 2500 100000* 100000* 120000* 1500000*

Cobalt 80 8000 660 3200 23 300 40 80 40 80

Copper 25 2500 3000 38000 3100 41000 230 230 230 230

Lead 5 1000 150 3500 400 800 200 750 200 750

Molybdenum 350 3500 380 4800 390 5100 40 40 40 40

Nickel 20 2000 1600 16000 1500^ 20000^ 150 150 150 150

Selenium 1 100 380 4800 390 5100 10 10 10 10

Thallium 7 700 5 63 0.78^ 10^ 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6

Vanadium 24 2400 530 6700 390 5200 16 200 16 200

Zinc 250 5000 23000 100000 23000 310000 600 600 600 600

Mercury 0.2 20 18 180 10 43 1.3 10 1.3 10

*=standard for Chromium III; results not speciated

^=soluble salts, not elemental

Table 2: Regulatory Standards and Guidelines: CCR Title 22 Metals and pH

(mg/kg)

Cal ESLs <3 ft BGS

Regional Screening 

Levels Cal ESLs <3 ft BGS CHHSL Standards
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

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PCDD/F (DIOXINS)

Table 4 displays the detected amounts of each PCDD/F congener as well as the TEQ values of the 

collected samples. The TEQ values greatly exceed the CHHSL, ESL, RSL, and SQuiRT limits. 

Table 4

Ash Samples 8-29-2012, PCDD/F results

S1 S2 S3 units

2,3,7,8-TCDD 474 216 291 pg/g

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 999 470 602 pg/g

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 479 257 354 pg/g

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 447 239 338 pg/g

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 397 225 296 pg/g

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 860 503 731 pg/g

OCDD 590 253 348 pg/g

2,3,7,8-TCDF 2520 1380 1640 pg/g

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 1610 852 1120 pg/g

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1880 1030 1410 pg/g

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 565 352 487 pg/g

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 723 432 596 pg/g

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 611 452 653 pg/g

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 118 114 160 pg/g

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 484 353 538 pg/g

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 46.6 55.2 78.9 pg/g

OCDF 21.3 31.1 45.2 pg/g

TEQ 2690 1370 1820 pg/g
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

9

Table 5 shows the ESL, CHHSL, and RSL exceedance values for PCDD/F TEQ. Descriptions of the 

regulatory guidelines can be seen above.

Table 5

Standards for 2,3,7,8 TCDD TEQ (dioxins and furans)

residential commercial/ 

industrial

threshold 

effects 

level

permissible 

exposure

units

ESL: shallow soil, source of drinking 

water

4.49 18.37 n/a n/a pg/g

ESL: shallow soil, not drinking water 4.49 18.37 n/a n/a pg/g

ESL: deep soil, source of drinking water 227.14 227.14 n/a n/a pg/g

ESL: deep soil, not drinking water 227.14 227.14 n/a n/a pg/g

ESL: direct exposure 4.49 18.37 n/a n/a pg/g

CHHSL 4.6 19 n/a n/a pg/g

RSL 4.5 18 n/a n/a pg/g

SQuiRTs n/a n/a 0.85 21.5 pg/g

The Environmental Screening Levels (ESLs) were established by the California Water Quality 

Control Board. As stated by Elizabeth Allen of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board 

San Francisco Bay Region in the ESL cover memo, “The ESLs are intended to help expedite the 

identification of potential environmental concerns at sites where contamination has been 

identified, and expedite the evaluation regarding the need for possible cleanup of these properties. 

Data collected at a site can be directly compared to the ESLs and the need for additional actions 

quickly determined.”

The California Human Health Screening Levels (CHHSLs) come from the Office of Environmental 

Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). The OEHHA disclaimer to the list of contaminant levels states 

that CHHSLs are “not intended to establish policy or regulation. The Human Health Screening 

Levels presented here are not to serve as: 1) a stand-alone decision making tool, 2) a substitute for 

guidance for the preparation of baseline human health risk assessments, 3) a rule to determine if a 

waste is hazardous under the state or federal regulations, 4) a rule to determine when the release 

of hazardous chemicals must be reported to the overseeing regulatory agency, 5) set of final 

cleanup or action levels to be applied at contaminated sites or 6) a guarantee that an oversight 

regulatory agency will determine that a project is adequately studied or agree with the conclusions 

of the site investigation and risk assessment report.”

Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) were developed by the Environmental Protection Agency. They 

are risk-based tools for evaluating and cleaning up contaminated sites that fall in the EPA 

designated Region 9, which includes Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, and the Pacific Islands. 

They are being used to streamline and standardize all stages of the risk decision-making process. 

RSLs combine current human health toxicity values with standard exposure factors to estimate 

contaminant concentrations in environmental media (soil, air, and water) that are considered by 

the EPA to be health protective of human exposures (including sensitive groups), over a lifetime. 
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

10

Chemical concentrations above these levels would not automatically designate a site as "dirty" or 

trigger a response action. However, exceeding a PRG suggests that further evaluation of the 

potential risks that may be posed by site contaminants is appropriate.

Screening Quick Reference Tables were developed by The National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration (NOAA). The SQuiRT values were developed to help measure the potential risk from 

contaminated water, sediment, or soil as a preliminary screening tool. NOAA uses them to identify 

possible impacts to coastal resources and habitats potentially affected by hazardous waste sites. 

SQuiRT values do not represent official NOAA policy and do not constitute criteria or cleanup levels. 

NOAA does not endorse their use for any purpose other than preliminary screening.

5.0 HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element which is notoriously poisonous to humans. Several 

hundred arsenic compounds are commonly used in pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and alloys. 

Arsenic and its compounds are considered category 1 carcinogens by the European Union and can 

lead to death in humans by multiple organ failure. Arsenic is commonly found in drinking water 

and the EPA has set the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for drinking water at ten parts per 

billion.

PCDD/Fs are very toxic to certain animals particularly in the early stages of development. Studies 

have shown dioxins to have a range of adverse effects on a wide number of animals, including 

reproductive or developmental effects such as weakened immune responses and behavior changes 

in offspring. Plants do not generally absorb dioxin. However, PCDD/Fs will stick to organic matter 

such as ash, soil, and plants. Animals or people can obtain PCDD/Fs by eating plants that are 

exposed to dioxins. PCDD/Fs then can become a serious concern as biomagnification occurs 

throughout the affected food chain.

Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of dioxin refers to the accumulation of PCDD/Fs in 

organisms along a food chain. Through biomagnification, animals in higher trophic levels will 

experience a higher concentration of PDDD/Fs over time. Because dioxins are widely distributed 

throughout the environment in low concentrations and are persistent and accumulated, most 

people have detectable levels of PCDD/Fs in their tissues. These levels, in the low parts per trillion, 

have accumulated over a lifetime and will persist for years, even if no additional exposure were to 

occur. This background exposure is likely to result in an increased risk of cancer and is 

uncomfortably close to levels that can cause subtle adverse non-cancer effects in animals and 

humans. The higher up the food chain PCDD/Fs are present in, the higher the concentration of 

PCDD/Fs that are present in an organism. 

Materials having a pH of around 13 - as seen in the samples collected - are extremely alkaline. 

Exposure to extreme pH values can lead to health effects including irritation of the eyes, skin, and 

mucous membranes. In addition, high pH has been associated with swollen hair fibers and 

exacerbation of skin disorders. There are also numerous detrimental environmental effects of 

extremely high pH levels in systems that are not adapted for them. 
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

11

6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

All samples collected during this sampling event exceeded guidelines and/or regulation levels for 

pH, Title 22 Metals, and PCDD/Fs. Sample pH values were 12.9, 13.1, and 13.1 which exceed

hazardous waste levels based on RCRA regulations. Arsenic levels in all samples exceeded CHHSL, 

RSL and ESL guidelines. Arsenic levels were 7.7, 10, and 10 parts per million for samples S1, S2, and 

S3 respectively. None of the samples, exceeded TTLC hazardous waste levels for arsenic. Sample 

PCDD/F TEQ levels greatly exceeded CHHSL, ESL, RSL, and SQuiRT standards. PCDD/F TEQ levels 

were 2690, 1370, and 1820 parts per trillion for samples S1, S2, and S3, respectively. These levels 

also do not exceed TTLC hazardous waste levels for PCDD/Fs. Based on the results of the sample 

analysis, this material does not meet the applicable environmental standards for use as a soil 

amendment. 

7.0 QUALIFICATIONS AND SIGNATURE

Chico Environmental has performed this assessment under my supervision in accordance with 

generally accepted environmental practices and procedures, as of the date of this report. I have 

employed the degree of care and skill ordinarily exercised under similar circumstances by 

reputable environmental professionals practicing in this area. The conclusions contained within 

this assessment are based upon site conditions readily observed or were reasonably ascertainable 

and present at the time of the site inspection.

The conclusions and recommendations stated in this report are based upon personal observations 

made by employees of Chico Environmental and upon information provided by others. I have no 

reason to suspect or believe that information provided is inaccurate.

Signature of Professional Geologist – John Lane, P.G. No. 7717

12/27/2012

Signature/Seal of Professional Geologist Date
Report of Findings 

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

13

8.0 REFERENCES

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). United States Department of Health 

and Human Services. U.S. Public Health Service Toxicological Profile, Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins 

(CDDs). 1998.

California Code of Regulations. Title 27. Criteria for All Waste Management Units, Facilities, and 

Disposal Sites section 20200(b), updated 2010

Chang, Yu-Min, Wen-Pin Fan, Wen-Chien Dai, Hsing-Cheng Hsi, Chao-Hsiung Wu, and Ching-Ho 

Chen. "Characteristics of PCDD/F content in fly ash discharged from municipal solid waste 

incinerators."Journal of Hazardous Materials. 192 (2011): 521-529. Web. 24 Aug. 2012

De Meeus, C, G.H. Eduljee, and M.Hutton. 2002. Assessment and management of risks arising from 

exposure to cadmium in fertilizers. Sci. Total Environ. 291:167–187

Environmental Protection Agency. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical 

Methods (SW 846). EPA Method 6010B: Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry. 

December, 1996.

Environmental Protection Agency. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical 

Methods (SW 846). EPA Method 7471B: Mercury in Solid or Semi-Solid Waste Revision 2. February, 

2007. 

Environmental Protection Agency. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical 

Methods (SW 846). EPA Method 8290: Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and 

Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution 

Mass Spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). February, 2007.

Environmental Protection Agency. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical 

Methods (SW 846). EPA Method 9045B: Soil pH. November, 2004.

Fiedler, Heidelore. Chapter 6. Dioxins and Furans (PCDD/PCDF) in The Handbook of Environmental 

Chemistry Vol.3, Part O Persistent Organic Pollutants, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

Hsing-Cheng Hsi, Lin-Chi Wang, Tsung-Hsien Yu, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien. Quasi-dynamic leaching 

characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from raw and solidified 

waste incineration residues. Chemosphere. Volume 71, Issue 2, Pages 284–293. March, 2008.

Hsing-Cheng Hsi, and Tsung-Hsien Yu. "Evaluation of the leachability of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and dibenzofurans in raw and solidified air pollution control residues from municipal waste 

incinerators."Chemosphere. 67 (2006): 1434-1443.

Jeannet A. Meima and Rob N. J. Comans. Application of Surface Complexation/Precipitation 

Modeling to Contaminant Leaching from Weathered Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash. 

Environmental Science Technology. Volume 32, Pages 688-693. 1998

Lohmann, R., Jones, K.C., 1998. Dioxins and furans in air and deposition: a review of levels, 

behaviour and processes. The Science of the Total Environment 219, 53–81.
Report of Findings 

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National Toxicology Program. United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Summary 

of Data for Chemical Selection: Dibenzofuran. 

S. Sakai, S. Urano, H. Tatasuki. Leaching behavior of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from some waste materials. 

Studies in Environmental Science, Volume 71, Pages 715–724, 1997.

United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. ToxFaqs – Arsenic. August, 2007.

Van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Denison M, De Vito M, Farland W, Feeley M, Fiedler H, Hakansson H, 

Hanberg A, Haws L, Rose M, Safe S, Schrenk D, Tohyama C, Tritscher A, Tuomisto J, Tysklind M, 

Walker N, Peterson RE. The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and 

Mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Sci. 2006 

October ; 93(2): 223–241.

Weiping Chen,Natalie Krage, Laosheng Wu, Genxing Pan Nanjing, Maryam Khosrivafard, Andrew C. 

Chang. Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in California Cropland Soils: Role of Phosphate and 

Micronutrient Fertilizers. J. Environ. Qual. 37:689–695 (2008).

World Health Organization. The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and 

Mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicological sciences 

an official journal of the Society of Toxicology (2006) Volume: 93, Issue: 2, Pages: 223-241
Report of Findings 

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APPENDIX A: SUNSTAR LABORATORY ANALYSIS
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Sample ID Laboratory ID Matrix Date Sampled

ANALYTICAL REPORT FOR SAMPLES

Date Received

SS1 T121519-01 Soil 08/29/12 13:25 09/05/12 09:50

SS2 T121519-02 Soil 08/29/12 13:30 09/05/12 09:50

SS3 T121519-03 Soil 08/29/12 13:35 09/05/12 09:50

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 1 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Analyte Limit Result Batch

Reporting

Units Dilution Prepared Analyzed Method Notes 

SS1

T121519-01 (Soil)

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Metals by EPA 6010B

Antimony 3.0 ND mg/kg 1 2090513 09/05/12 09/06/12 EPA 6010B

Silver 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Arsenic 7.7 5.0 " " "" " "

Barium 530 1.0 " " "" " "

Beryllium 1.0 ND " " " " " "

Cadmium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Chromium 30 2.0 " " "" " "

Cobalt 11 2.0 " " "" " "

Copper 150 1.0 " " "" " "

Lead 32 3.0 " " "" " "

Molybdenum 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Nickel 36 2.0 " " "" " "

Selenium 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Thallium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Vanadium 53 5.0 " " "" " "

Zinc 330 1.0 " " "" " "

Cold Vapor Extraction EPA 7470/7471

ND EPA 7471A 

Soil

Mercury 0.10 mg/kg 1 2090521 09/05/12 09/06/12 

Conventional Chemistry Parameters by APHA/EPA/ASTM Methods

pH 12.9 0.1 pH Units 1 2090515 09/05/12 09/05/12 EPA 9045B

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 2 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Analyte Limit Result Batch

Reporting

Units Dilution Prepared Analyzed Method Notes 

SS2

T121519-02 (Soil)

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Metals by EPA 6010B

Antimony 3.0 ND mg/kg 1 2090513 09/05/12 09/06/12 EPA 6010B

Silver 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Arsenic 10 5.0 " " "" " "

Barium 480 1.0 " " "" " "

Beryllium 1.0 ND " " " " 09/06/12 "

Cadmium 2.0 ND " " " " 09/06/12 "

Chromium 35 2.0 " " "" " "

Cobalt 12 2.0 " " "" " "

Copper 200 1.0 " " "" " "

Lead 42 3.0 " " "" " "

Molybdenum 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Nickel 42 2.0 " " "" " "

Selenium 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Thallium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Vanadium 57 5.0 " " "" " "

Zinc 450 1.0 " " "" " "

Cold Vapor Extraction EPA 7470/7471

ND EPA 7471A 

Soil

Mercury 0.10 mg/kg 1 2090521 09/05/12 09/06/12 

Conventional Chemistry Parameters by APHA/EPA/ASTM Methods

pH 13.1 0.1 pH Units 1 2090515 09/05/12 09/05/12 EPA 9045B

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 3 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Analyte Limit Result Batch

Reporting

Units Dilution Prepared Analyzed Method Notes 

SS3

T121519-03 (Soil)

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Metals by EPA 6010B

Antimony 3.0 ND mg/kg 1 2090513 09/05/12 09/06/12 EPA 6010B

Silver 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Arsenic 10 5.0 " " "" " "

Barium 470 1.0 " " "" " "

Beryllium 1.0 ND " " " " " "

Cadmium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Chromium 36 2.0 " " "" " "

Cobalt 12 2.0 " " "" " "

Copper 190 1.0 " " "" " "

Lead 43 3.0 " " "" " "

Molybdenum 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Nickel 44 2.0 " " "" " "

Selenium 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Thallium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Vanadium 61 5.0 " " "" " "

Zinc 340 1.0 " " "" " "

Cold Vapor Extraction EPA 7470/7471

ND EPA 7471A 

Soil

Mercury 0.10 mg/kg 1 2090521 09/05/12 09/06/12 

Conventional Chemistry Parameters by APHA/EPA/ASTM Methods

pH 13.1 0.1 pH Units 1 2090515 09/05/12 09/05/12 EPA 9045B

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 4 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Sample ID Laboratory ID Matrix Date Sampled

ANALYTICAL REPORT FOR SAMPLES

Date Received

SS1 T121519-01 Soil 08/29/12 13:25 09/05/12 09:50

SS2 T121519-02 Soil 08/29/12 13:30 09/05/12 09:50

SS3 T121519-03 Soil 08/29/12 13:35 09/05/12 09:50

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 1 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Analyte Limit Result Batch

Reporting

Units Dilution Prepared Analyzed Method Notes 

SS1

T121519-01 (Soil)

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Metals by EPA 6010B

Antimony 3.0 ND mg/kg 1 2090513 09/05/12 09/06/12 EPA 6010B

Silver 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Arsenic 7.7 5.0 " " "" " "

Barium 530 1.0 " " "" " "

Beryllium 1.0 ND " " " " " "

Cadmium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Chromium 30 2.0 " " "" " "

Cobalt 11 2.0 " " "" " "

Copper 150 1.0 " " "" " "

Lead 32 3.0 " " "" " "

Molybdenum 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Nickel 36 2.0 " " "" " "

Selenium 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Thallium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Vanadium 53 5.0 " " "" " "

Zinc 330 1.0 " " "" " "

Cold Vapor Extraction EPA 7470/7471

ND EPA 7471A 

Soil

Mercury 0.10 mg/kg 1 2090521 09/05/12 09/06/12 

Conventional Chemistry Parameters by APHA/EPA/ASTM Methods

pH 12.9 0.1 pH Units 1 2090515 09/05/12 09/05/12 EPA 9045B

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 2 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Analyte Limit Result Batch

Reporting

Units Dilution Prepared Analyzed Method Notes 

SS2

T121519-02 (Soil)

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Metals by EPA 6010B

Antimony 3.0 ND mg/kg 1 2090513 09/05/12 09/06/12 EPA 6010B

Silver 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Arsenic 10 5.0 " " "" " "

Barium 480 1.0 " " "" " "

Beryllium 1.0 ND " " " " 09/06/12 "

Cadmium 2.0 ND " " " " 09/06/12 "

Chromium 35 2.0 " " "" " "

Cobalt 12 2.0 " " "" " "

Copper 200 1.0 " " "" " "

Lead 42 3.0 " " "" " "

Molybdenum 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Nickel 42 2.0 " " "" " "

Selenium 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Thallium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Vanadium 57 5.0 " " "" " "

Zinc 450 1.0 " " "" " "

Cold Vapor Extraction EPA 7470/7471

ND EPA 7471A 

Soil

Mercury 0.10 mg/kg 1 2090521 09/05/12 09/06/12 

Conventional Chemistry Parameters by APHA/EPA/ASTM Methods

pH 13.1 0.1 pH Units 1 2090515 09/05/12 09/05/12 EPA 9045B

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 3 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Analyte Limit Result Batch

Reporting

Units Dilution Prepared Analyzed Method Notes 

SS3

T121519-03 (Soil)

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Metals by EPA 6010B

Antimony 3.0 ND mg/kg 1 2090513 09/05/12 09/06/12 EPA 6010B

Silver 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Arsenic 10 5.0 " " "" " "

Barium 470 1.0 " " "" " "

Beryllium 1.0 ND " " " " " "

Cadmium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Chromium 36 2.0 " " "" " "

Cobalt 12 2.0 " " "" " "

Copper 190 1.0 " " "" " "

Lead 43 3.0 " " "" " "

Molybdenum 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Nickel 44 2.0 " " "" " "

Selenium 5.0 ND " " " " " "

Thallium 2.0 ND " " " " " "

Vanadium 61 5.0 " " "" " "

Zinc 340 1.0 " " "" " "

Cold Vapor Extraction EPA 7470/7471

ND EPA 7471A 

Soil

Mercury 0.10 mg/kg 1 2090521 09/05/12 09/06/12 

Conventional Chemistry Parameters by APHA/EPA/ASTM Methods

pH 13.1 0.1 pH Units 1 2090515 09/05/12 09/05/12 EPA 9045B

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 4 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Result Limit

Reporting

Units Level

Spike

Result

Source

%REC

%REC

Limits RPD

RPD

 Analyte Limit Notes 

Metals by EPA 6010B - Quality Control

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Batch 2090513 - EPA 3051

Blank (2090513-BLK1) Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Antimony mg/kg ND 3.0

Silver " ND 2.0

Arsenic " ND 5.0

Barium " ND 1.0

Beryllium " ND 1.0

Cadmium " ND 2.0

Chromium " ND 2.0

Cobalt " ND 2.0

Copper " ND 1.0

Lead ND 3.0 "

Molybdenum " ND 5.0

Nickel " ND 2.0

Selenium " ND 5.0

Thallium " ND 2.0

Vanadium " ND 5.0

Zinc 1.30 1.0 " QB-01

LCS (2090513-BS1) Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Arsenic mg/kg 99.8 5.0 100 75-125 99.8

Barium " 99.0 1.0 100 75-125 99.0

Cadmium " 97.6 2.0 100 75-125 97.6

Chromium " 99.5 2.0 100 75-125 99.5

Lead 102 3.0 100 75-125 " 102

Matrix Spike (2090513-MS1) Source: T121519-02 Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Arsenic mg/kg 99.6 5.0 100 10.4 75-125 89.2

Barium " 577 1.0 100 476 75-125 101

Cadmium " 84.6 2.0 100 0.745 75-125 83.9

Chromium " 124 2.0 100 35.2 75-125 88.6

Lead 130 3.0 100 42.4 75-125 " 87.8

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 5 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Result Limit

Reporting

Units Level

Spike

Result

Source

%REC

%REC

Limits RPD

RPD

 Analyte Limit Notes 

Metals by EPA 6010B - Quality Control

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Batch 2090513 - EPA 3051

Blank (2090513-BLK1) Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Antimony mg/kg ND 3.0

Silver " ND 2.0

Arsenic " ND 5.0

Barium " ND 1.0

Beryllium " ND 1.0

Cadmium " ND 2.0

Chromium " ND 2.0

Cobalt " ND 2.0

Copper " ND 1.0

Lead ND 3.0 "

Molybdenum " ND 5.0

Nickel " ND 2.0

Selenium " ND 5.0

Thallium " ND 2.0

Vanadium " ND 5.0

Zinc 1.30 1.0 " QB-01

LCS (2090513-BS1) Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Arsenic mg/kg 99.8 5.0 100 75-125 99.8

Barium " 99.0 1.0 100 75-125 99.0

Cadmium " 97.6 2.0 100 75-125 97.6

Chromium " 99.5 2.0 100 75-125 99.5

Lead 102 3.0 100 75-125 " 102

Matrix Spike (2090513-MS1) Source: T121519-02 Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Arsenic mg/kg 99.6 5.0 100 10.4 75-125 89.2

Barium " 577 1.0 100 476 75-125 101

Cadmium " 84.6 2.0 100 0.745 75-125 83.9

Chromium " 124 2.0 100 35.2 75-125 88.6

Lead 130 3.0 100 42.4 75-125 " 87.8

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 5 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Result Limit

Reporting

Units Level

Spike

Result

Source

%REC

%REC

Limits RPD

RPD

 Analyte Limit Notes 

Metals by EPA 6010B - Quality Control

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Batch 2090513 - EPA 3051

Matrix Spike Dup (2090513-MSD1) Source: T121519-02 Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Arsenic mg/kg 97.4 5.0 100 10.4 20 87.0 2.21 75-125

Barium " 577 1.0 100 476 20 101 0.0842 75-125

Cadmium " 84.6 2.0 100 0.745 20 83.8 0.0764 75-125

Chromium " 124 2.0 100 35.2 20 88.8 0.0936 75-125

Lead 130 3.0 100 42.4 20 " 87.4 0.349 75-125

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 6 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Result Limit

Reporting

Units Level

Spike

Result

Source

%REC

%REC

Limits RPD

RPD

 Analyte Limit Notes 

Cold Vapor Extraction EPA 7470/7471 - Quality Control

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Batch 2090521 - EPA 7471A Soil

Blank (2090521-BLK1) Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Mercury mg/kg ND 0.10

LCS (2090521-BS1) Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Mercury mg/kg 0.395 0.10 0.417 80-120 94.8

Matrix Spike (2090521-MS1) Source: T121527-01 Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Mercury mg/kg 0.427 0.10 0.417 0.0395 75-125 93.0

Matrix Spike Dup (2090521-MSD1) Source: T121527-01 Prepared: 09/05/12 Analyzed: 09/06/12 

Mercury mg/kg 0.394 0.10 0.417 0.0395 20 85.0 8.06 75-125

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 7 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Result Limit

Reporting

Units Level

Spike

Result

Source

%REC

%REC

Limits RPD

RPD

 Analyte Limit Notes 

Conventional Chemistry Parameters by APHA/EPA/ASTM Methods - Quality Control

SunStar Laboratories, Inc.

Batch 2090515 - General Preparation

Duplicate (2090515-DUP1) Source: T121519-01 Prepared & Analyzed: 09/05/12 

pH pH Units 12.8 0.1 12.9 20 0.389

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 8 of 9
Project:

Project Number:

Project Manager:

Reported:

Chico Environmental

333 Main Street, Suite 260 7496

John Lane

Covanta/POPI

Chico CA, 95928 09/12/12 17:23

25712 Commercentre Drive

Lake Forest, California 92630

949.297.5020 Phone

949.297.5027 Fax

Notes and Definitions 

QB-01 The method blank contains analyte at a concentration above the MRL; however, concentration is less than 10% of the sample result, 

which is negligible according to method criteria.

Sample results reported on a dry weight basis

RPD Relative Percent Difference

dry

NR Not Reported

ND Analyte NOT DETECTED at or above the reporting limit

DET Analyte DETECTED

Daniel Chavez, Project Manager

SunStar Laboratories, Inc. The results in this report apply to the samples analyzed in accordance with the chain of 

custody document. This analytical report must be reproduced in its entirety.

Page 9 of 9
Draft Report of Findings 16

Co-generated Ash Sampling

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

APPENDIX B: FRONTIER ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES
September 10, 2012 

FAL Project ID: 7496 

Mr. John Lane 

Chico Environmental 

333 Main Street, Suite 260 

Chico, CA 95928 

Dear Mr. Lane, 

Attached are the results for Frontier Analytical Laboratory project 7496. This 

corresponds to your Covanta/POPI project. Three ash samples were received on 8/31/2012 in 

good condition. All three ash samples were extracted and analyzed by EPA Method 8290 for tetra 

through octa chlorinated dibenzo dioxins and furans. The 2005 World Health Organizations toxic 

equivalency factors (TEFs) were used to calculate the toxic equivalents (TEQs) on your report. 

Chico Environmental requested a turnaround time of fifteen business days for project 7496.

Please note that due to high levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDF, all three sample extracts required 

dilution. Results taken from these dilutions are noted with the “*” qualifier. 

The following report consists of an Analytical Data section and a Sample Receipt section. 

The Analytical Data section contains our project-sample tracking log and the analytical results. 

The Sample Receipt section contains your chain of custody, our sample login form and a sample 

photo. The attached results are specifically for the samples referenced in this report only. These 

results meet all NELAC requirements and shall not be reproduced except in full. This report has 

been emailed to you as a PDF file. A hardcopy will not be sent to you unless specifically 

requested. 

If you have any questions regarding project 7496, please contact me at (916) 934-0900. 

Thank you for choosing Frontier Analytical Laboratory for your analytical testing needs. 

Sincerely, 

Bradley B. Silverbush 

Director of Operations 

FRONTIER ANALYTICAL LABORATORY

5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762

Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999

www.frontieranalytical.com

000001 of 000010
Frontier Analytical Laboratory

Sample Tracking Log

FAL Project ID: 7496

Received on: 08/31/2012 Project Due: 09/25/2012 Storage: R1

FAL 

Sample ID Dup

Client 

Project ID

Client 

Sample ID

Requested 

Method Matrix

Sampling 

Date

Sampling 

Time

Hold Time 

Due Date

7496-001-SA 0 Covanta / Popi S1 EPA 8290 D/F Ash 08/29/2012 01:25 pm 09/28/2012

7496-002-SA 0 Covanta / Popi S2 EPA 8290 D/F Ash 08/29/2012 01:30 pm 09/28/2012

7496-003-SA 0 Covanta / Popi S3 EPA 8290 D/F Ash 08/29/2012 01:35 pm 09/28/2012

5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 * Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999 * www.frontieranalytical.com

000002 of 000010
EPA Method 8290

PCDD/F 

FAL ID: 7496-001-MB Date Extracted: 09-04-2012 ICal: PCDDFAL3-6-28-12 Acquired: 09-05-2012

Client ID: Method Blank Date Received: NA GC Column: DB5 2005 WHO TEQ: 0.00

Matrix: Ash Amount: 5.00 g Units: pg/g Basis: Dry Weight

Batch No: X2649 

 

Compound Conc DL Qual

2005

WHO Tox MDL Compound Conc DL Qual

 

2,3,7,8-TCDD ND 0.151 - 0.0414 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD ND 0.244 - 0.0563 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD ND 0.453 - 0.0747 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD ND 0.493 - 0.0810 Total TCDD ND 0.151

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD ND 0.447 - 0.0748 Total PeCDD ND 0.244

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD ND 0.495 - 0.138 Total HxCDD ND 0.493

OCDD ND 0.770 - 0.248 Total HpCDD ND 0.495

 

2,3,7,8-TCDF ND 0.136 - 0.0435 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF ND 0.247 - 0.0608 

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF ND 0.256 - 0.0660 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF ND 0.164 - 0.0484 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF ND 0.167 - 0.0487 

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF ND 0.205 - 0.0531 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF ND 0.271 - 0.0607 Total TCDF ND 0.136

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF ND 0.291 - 0.0642 Total PeCDF ND 0.256

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF ND 0.265 - 0.0704 Total HxCDF ND 0.271

OCDF ND 0.676 - 0.151 Total HpCDF ND 0.291

 

Internal Standards % Rec QC Limits Qual 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDD 92.0 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 101 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 91.2 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 87.6 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 78.7 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDD 65.5 40.0 - 135 

 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDF 92.7 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 92.5 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 93.4 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 106 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 104 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 92.3 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 91.3 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 86.1 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 127 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDF 78.8 40.0 - 135 

 

Cleanup Surrogate 

37Cl-2,3,7,8-TCDD 97.8 50.0 - 150 

Analyst: Reviewed By:

 

Date: Date:

A Isotopic Labeled Standard outside QC range but 

signal to noise ratio is >10:1 

B Analyte is present in Method Blank 

C Chemical Interference 

D Presence of Diphenyl Ethers 

E Analyte concentration is above calibration range 

F Analyte confirmation on secondary column 

J Analyte concentration is below calibration range 

M Maximum possible concentration 

ND Analyte Not Detected 

NP Not Provided 

P Pre-filtered through a Whatman 0.7um GF/F filter 

S Sample acceptance criteria not met 

X Matrix interferences 

* Result taken from dilution or reinjection 

9/7/2012

5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 * Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999 * www.frontieranalytical.com

9/10/2012

000003 of 000010
EPA Method 8290

PCDD/F 

FAL ID: 7496-001-OPR Date Extracted: 09-04-2012 ICal: PCDDFAL3-6-28-12 Acquired: 09-05-2012

Client ID: OPR Date Received: NA GC Column: DB5 2005 WHO TEQ: NA

Matrix: Ash Amount: 5.00 g Units: ng/ml

Batch No: X2649 

 

Compound Conc QC Limits Qual 

 

2,3,7,8-TCDD 10.4 7.00 - 13.0 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 49.1 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 51.7 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 52.4 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 48.4 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 54.8 35.0 - 65.0 

OCDD 99.7 70.0 - 130 

 

2,3,7,8-TCDF 11.3 7.00 - 13.0 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 49.0 35.0 - 65.0 

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 49.5 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 48.7 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 47.0 35.0 - 65.0 

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 47.1 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 46.0 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 49.3 35.0 - 65.0 

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 48.0 35.0 - 65.0 

OCDF 90.5 70.0 - 130 

 

Internal Standards % Rec QC Limits Qual 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDD 83.0 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 90.3 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 98.1 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 98.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 75.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDD 58.4 40.0 - 135 

 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDF 88.5 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 85.0 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 84.4 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 119 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 117 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 102 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 96.3 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 85.5 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 123 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDF 68.7 40.0 - 135 

 

Cleanup Surrogate 

37Cl-2,3,7,8-TCDD 92.2 50.0 - 150 

Analyst: Reviewed By:

 

Date: Date:

A Isotopic Labeled Standard outside QC range but 

signal to noise ratio is >10:1 

B Analyte is present in Method Blank 

C Chemical Interference 

D Presence of Diphenyl Ethers 

E Analyte concentration is above calibration range 

F Analyte confirmation on secondary column 

J Analyte concentration is below calibration range 

M Maximum possible concentration 

ND Analyte Not Detected 

NP Not Provided 

P Pre-filtered through a Whatman 0.7um GF/F filter 

S Sample acceptance criteria not met 

X Matrix interferences 

* Result taken from dilution or reinjection 

9/7/2012 9/10/2012

5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 * Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999 * www.frontieranalytical.com

000004 of 000010
EPA Method 8290

PCDD/F 

FAL ID: 7496-001-SA Date Extracted: 09-04-2012 ICal: PCDDFAL3-6-28-12 Acquired: 09-05-2012

Client ID: S1 Date Received: 08-31-2012 GC Column: DB5 2005 WHO TEQ: 2690

Matrix: Ash Amount: 5.01 g Units: pg/g Basis: Dry Weight

Batch No: X2649 % Solids: 73.94

 

Compound Conc DL Qual

2005

WHO Tox MDL Compound Conc DL Qual

 

2,3,7,8-TCDD 474 - 474 0.0414 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 999 - 999 0.0563 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 479 - 47.9 0.0747 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 447 - 44.7 0.0810 Total TCDD 11900 -

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 397 - 39.7 0.0748 Total PeCDD 10100 -

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 860 - 8.60 0.138 Total HxCDD 6300 -

OCDD 590 - 0.177 0.248 Total HpCDD 1590 -

 

2,3,7,8-TCDF 2520 - F,* 252 0.0435 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 1610 - 48.3 0.0608 

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1880 - 564 0.0660 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 565 - 56.5 0.0484 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 723 - 72.3 0.0487 

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 611 - 61.1 0.0531 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 118 - 11.8 0.0607 Total TCDF 46500 - D,M,*

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 484 - 4.84 0.0642 Total PeCDF 22000 - D,M

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 46.6 - 0.466 0.0704 Total HxCDF 5870 - D,M

OCDF 21.3 - 0.00639 0.151 Total HpCDF 694 -

 

Internal Standards % Rec QC Limits Qual 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDD 81.2 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 93.8 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 83.8 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 83.0 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 92.5 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDD 79.2 40.0 - 135 

 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDF 88.1 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 95.5 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 93.6 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 90.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 88.6 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 88.0 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 90.6 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 83.7 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 112 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDF 90.9 40.0 - 135 

 

Cleanup Surrogate 

37Cl-2,3,7,8-TCDD 91.0 50.0 - 150 

Analyst: Reviewed By:

 

Date: Date:

A Isotopic Labeled Standard outside QC range but 

signal to noise ratio is >10:1 

B Analyte is present in Method Blank 

C Chemical Interference 

D Presence of Diphenyl Ethers 

E Analyte concentration is above calibration range 

F Analyte confirmation on secondary column 

J Analyte concentration is below calibration range 

M Maximum possible concentration 

ND Analyte Not Detected 

NP Not Provided 

P Pre-filtered through a Whatman 0.7um GF/F filter 

S Sample acceptance criteria not met 

X Matrix interferences 

* Result taken from dilution or reinjection 

9/7/2012

5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 * Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999 * www.frontieranalytical.com

9/10/2012

000005 of 000010
EPA Method 8290

PCDD/F 

FAL ID: 7496-002-SA Date Extracted: 09-04-2012 ICal: PCDDFAL3-6-28-12 Acquired: 09-05-2012

Client ID: S2 Date Received: 08-31-2012 GC Column: DB5 2005 WHO TEQ: 1370

Matrix: Ash Amount: 5.00 g Units: pg/g Basis: Dry Weight

Batch No: X2649 % Solids: 74.05

 

Compound Conc DL Qual

2005

WHO Tox MDL Compound Conc DL Qual

 

2,3,7,8-TCDD 216 - 216 0.0414 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 470 - 470 0.0563 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 257 - 25.7 0.0747 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 239 - 23.9 0.0810 Total TCDD 7830 -

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 225 - 22.5 0.0748 Total PeCDD 5400 -

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 503 - 5.03 0.138 Total HxCDD 3150 -

OCDD 253 - 0.0759 0.248 Total HpCDD 905 -

 

2,3,7,8-TCDF 1380 - F,* 138 0.0435 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 852 - 25.6 0.0608 

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1030 - 309 0.0660 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 352 - 35.2 0.0484 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 432 - 43.2 0.0487 

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 452 - 45.2 0.0531 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 114 - 11.4 0.0607 Total TCDF 28100 - D,M,*

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 353 - 3.53 0.0642 Total PeCDF 12800 - D,M

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 55.2 - 0.552 0.0704 Total HxCDF 3880 -

OCDF 31.1 - 0.00933 0.151 Total HpCDF 583 -

 

Internal Standards % Rec QC Limits Qual 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDD 90.0 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 104 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 92.4 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 95.8 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 97.7 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDD 78.9 40.0 - 135 

 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDF 96.8 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 110 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 101 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 103 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 101 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 97.1 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 98.7 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 89.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 128 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDF 90.2 40.0 - 135 

 

Cleanup Surrogate 

37Cl-2,3,7,8-TCDD 97.1 50.0 - 150 

Analyst: Reviewed By:

 

Date: Date:

A Isotopic Labeled Standard outside QC range but 

signal to noise ratio is >10:1 

B Analyte is present in Method Blank 

C Chemical Interference 

D Presence of Diphenyl Ethers 

E Analyte concentration is above calibration range 

F Analyte confirmation on secondary column 

J Analyte concentration is below calibration range 

M Maximum possible concentration 

ND Analyte Not Detected 

NP Not Provided 

P Pre-filtered through a Whatman 0.7um GF/F filter 

S Sample acceptance criteria not met 

X Matrix interferences 

* Result taken from dilution or reinjection 

9/7/2012

5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 * Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999 * www.frontieranalytical.com

9/10/2012

000006 of 000010
EPA Method 8290

PCDD/F 

FAL ID: 7496-003-SA Date Extracted: 09-04-2012 ICal: PCDDFAL3-6-28-12 Acquired: 09-06-2012

Client ID: S3 Date Received: 08-31-2012 GC Column: DB5 2005 WHO TEQ: 1820

Matrix: Ash Amount: 5.05 g Units: pg/g Basis: Dry Weight

Batch No: X2649 % Solids: 75.87

 

Compound Conc DL Qual

2005

WHO Tox MDL Compound Conc DL Qual

 

2,3,7,8-TCDD 291 - 291 0.0414 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 602 - 602 0.0563 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 354 - 35.4 0.0747 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 338 - 33.8 0.0810 Total TCDD 13000 -

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 296 - 29.6 0.0748 Total PeCDD 8290 -

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 731 - 7.31 0.138 Total HxCDD 4620 -

OCDD 348 - 0.104 0.248 Total HpCDD 1320 -

 

2,3,7,8-TCDF 1640 - F,* 164 0.0435 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 1120 - 33.6 0.0608 

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1410 - 423 0.0660 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 487 - 48.7 0.0484 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 596 - 59.6 0.0487 

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 653 - 65.3 0.0531 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 160 - 16.0 0.0607 Total TCDF 37300 - D,M,*

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 538 - 5.38 0.0642 Total PeCDF 17700 - D,M

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 78.9 - 0.789 0.0704 Total HxCDF 5670 -

OCDF 45.2 - 0.0136 0.151 Total HpCDF 856 -

 

Internal Standards % Rec QC Limits Qual 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDD 83.8 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 94.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 87.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 91.2 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 84.1 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDD 54.1 40.0 - 135 

 

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDF 92.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 105 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 94.5 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 108 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 103 40.0 - 135 

13C-2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 91.7 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 92.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 81.9 40.0 - 135 

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 117 40.0 - 135 

13C-OCDF 67.4 40.0 - 135 

 

Cleanup Surrogate 

37Cl-2,3,7,8-TCDD 91.4 50.0 - 150 

Analyst: Reviewed By:

 

Date: Date:

A Isotopic Labeled Standard outside QC range but 

signal to noise ratio is >10:1 

B Analyte is present in Method Blank 

C Chemical Interference 

D Presence of Diphenyl Ethers 

E Analyte concentration is above calibration range 

F Analyte confirmation on secondary column 

J Analyte concentration is below calibration range 

M Maximum possible concentration 

ND Analyte Not Detected 

NP Not Provided 

P Pre-filtered through a Whatman 0.7um GF/F filter 

S Sample acceptance criteria not met 

X Matrix interferences 

* Result taken from dilution or reinjection 

9/7/2012

5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 * Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999 * www.frontieranalytical.com

9/10/2012

000007 of 000010
000008 of 000010
Frontier Analytical Laboratory

Sample Login Form

FAL Project ID: 7496

Client: Chico Environmental

Client Project ID:Covanta / Popi

Date Received:08/31/2012

Time Received:10:20 am

Received By:KZ

Logged In By:KZ

# of Samples Received:3

Duplicates:0

Storage Location:R1

Method of Delivery: Fed-Ex

Tracking Number: 875842474961

Shipping Container Received Intact Yes

Custody seals(s) present? Yes

Custody seals(s) intact? Yes

Sample Arrival Temperature (C) 10 

Cooling Method Blue Ice 

Chain Of Custody Present? Yes

Return Shipping Container To Client Yes

Test for residual Chlorine No

Thiosulfate Added No

Earliest Sample Hold Time Expiration 09/28/2012

Adequate Sample Volume Yes

pH Range N/A

Anomalies or additional comments:

Please note that the samples were received at 10 degrees C, which is outside the Method-recommended temperature range of 0-4 degrees 

C. We will proceed with analysis unless instructed otherwise. 

5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 * Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999 * www.frontieranalytical.com

000009 of 000010
5172 Hillsdale Circle * El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 * Tel (916) 934-0900 * Fax (916) 934-0999 * www.frontieranalytical.com

000010 of 000010