Power2 -Hub2 power in hp

Espeed1 -Hub! speed inrpm

Espeed2 -Hub2 speed in rpm

Palsp -PA speed in rpm

Paltq -PA] torque in FtLb

Pa2sp -PA2 speed in rpm

Pa2tq -PA2 torque in FtLb

Espeed -Engine speed in ADC

Cytemp| -Cyclone temperature! in Fahrenheit
Cytemp2 -Cyclone temperature2 in Fahrenheit
Cytemp3 -Cyclone temperature3 in Fahrenheit
Drytemp -Drybulb temperature in Fahrenheit
Exhtemp -Exhaust temperature in Fahrenheit
Fiftemp -Filter face temperature in Fahrenheit
Pmfback -PM feedback in SCFM

Sptemp -Sample plane temperature in Fahrenheit
VenPress -Venturi pressure in pound per square foot
Ventemp -Venturi temperature in degree Celsius
Wettemp -Wetbulb temperature in Fahrenheit
Pmconc -Teom mass concentration in mg/m3

The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix C.

Contacts:

Ralph Nine

Program Coordinator

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Morgantown, WV 26506-6106

Phone: (304) 293-3111 ext. 2463

E-mail: Ralph.Nine@mail.wvu.edu

2.3.3. CRC Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (CRC_AQIRP)

The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (AQIRP) was conducted in
two stages and was a major effort intended to assess the air quality effects of using reformulated
gasolines and alternative fuels in light-duty motor vehicles. The program involved the
collaboration of Ford, General Motors, Chrysler and fourteen oil companies. In Phase I, 28 fuels
and 53 vehicles were tested. In Phase Il, testing was extended to an additional 71 fuels and 32
vehicles. Most of the tests were included in the data we received; however, outliers were
separated from the bulk of the data and we did not include them. All tests conducted used FTP
with emissions data being collected every second. Unfortunately, for most of the tests only bag,
and modal data was retained for public release. Given its time and resource constraints and the
fact that the study is ten years old, ERG conducted a thorough search to try to locate the missing

16


Additional Table:

None

The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix K.

Contacts:

Mr. James Sidebottom

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Phone: 303-692-3149

E-mail: James.Sidebottom@state.co.us

33


YGT2_ Double length New York Garbage Truck C
‘VUI-WVU4_ —_ NYGTC3|NYGTC run 3 times

VUI1-WVU4 __|NYTRK |New York Truck Cycle

'VUI-WVU4 — OCRTC2\OCRTC run 2 times

‘VUI1-WVU4 FAC iking Freight Adhoc Cycle (VIKING_W)

ycle "

Additional Table

In phase one and two, we processed and imported data collected by several labs for the
MSOD. However, in addition to tailpipe emissions in mass, the data also included tailpipe
emission in concentration, which did not conform to the standard MSOD dynamometer test
tables and were, therefore, originally left out of the database. Upon further consideration, EPA
determined that the tailpipe emission concentration data should be loaded into a newly design
dynamometer test table and related to tailpipe emissions in mass by test ID (CTR_TST_ID).

Once the data was reviewed and determined to be desirable for importation into the
MSOD, it had to be formatted and processed to match the MSOD data structure and
methodology. As with the tailpipe emission mass data, several modifications were made to the
emission concentration data for proper population into the newly designed MSOD table. The
primary modifications are discussed below.

Table 2-8: Population of Special Studies for Ltime_in Table

(California Air Resources Board (UCC96) 51 42|

(Coordinating Research Council (CRC_S_LDV1 510) 12)
(Coordinating Research Council (E55) 701 25,
Environment Canada 71 4

lest Virginia University 2,350) 462)

[Texas Department of Trans; ition 126 10,
a oe 3509 58

2.2 California Air Resources Board

2.2.1 California Air Resources Board (CARB) 16th Vehicle Surveillance Program
(CARB_N20)

As part of its 16" Surveillance Program, the California Air Resources Board (CARB)
collected N2O bag data. There are 64 emission tests, which were performed on 41 unique
vehicles for CARB_N20 study. For details on the study, a summary, and vehicle information,

the reader should refer to the final report for phase two. THC, NOX, CO, and CO2 were
measured by standard instrumentation. N2O was measured by FTIR

10


IM240 emissions test. This study is entitled Evaluation of Simultaneous Emissions Test Data
Derived From the NYTEST Instrumentation/Protocol Assessment Pilot Study. The study is
referred to as the IPA. This study began as a pilot study in 1998 and has been carried on yearly
ever since. In phase one of the MSOD project we populated data from the pilot study through the
2001 year study. In phase two we included the recently available 2002 year study.

During the IPA study, vehicles are simultaneously tested using both the NYTEST and
IM240 equipment. The composite results are then analyzed for equivalency. All tests were
performed by TESTCOM contractors at one testing facility. The vehicles used during the testing
were recruited from the general vehicle fleet population and followed the distribution of fleet
age. Tank fuel (gasoline) was used for all vehicles. Second by second data has been made
available for all years of the IPA program for the IM240 testing. For details on the New York
Instrument Protocol Assessment program and summary and vehicle information, the reader
should refer to the final report for phase two. Only the data measured with the standard I/M240
instrumentation was reported to EPA.

Missing Data:
Missing dynamometer coefficient

Data source was contacted and confirmed that dynamometer coefficients are not available
for this study. However, data source provided ERG with EPA reference number instead which
can be used to look up the dynamometer setting on ESLT . The EPA reference numbers were
updated in the Dynob_in table as EPA_REF filed.

Missing Supporting Document:
None
Data Errors:

Humidity and barometric pressure are out of bounds in Dynob_in and Bag_in tables.

Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity
to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SAS code has been
modified to correct this problem and export the data to an MSOD loadable format.

Barometric pressure errors were caused by an incorrect conversion. Raw data were
reported in the unit of inch of mercury while the data format identified the unit as kPa. The SAS
code has been modified to correct and export the data to an MSOD loadable format.

20


1.0 Introduction

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in the process of creating a
new mobile source emissions modeling system entitled the Multi-Scale Motor Vehicle and
Equipment Emission System (MOVES). This new model will generate emissions factors in units
of grams per second. This is a marked difference from previous models, such as MOBILE6,
which were based on factors in grams per mile. Much of the new factor development will be
based on the vehicle testing information contained within EPA’s Mobile Source Observation
Database (MSOD).

The process of acquiring emission tests of special studies and I/M programs to populate
them into the MSOD database consists of 3 steps.

1. EPA issues a list of the potential data sources to ERG.

2. ERG contacts the data sources for any available data. After receiving the raw
emissions data from the data sources, ERG will process the data into an MSOD loadable format
and submit the data to EPA.

3. EPA staff will then perform the last step of quality assurance and load the data
into the MSOD database. Any errors observed in the last phase of the process will be submitted
to ERG for investigation and correction.

This report documents the third phase of the project which addressed the missing data,
missing supporting documents, the correction of the vehicle-testing data that was submitted
under WA No. 3-06, and submission of additional tables. For documentation on data collected in
the first and second phase, the reader should refer to ERG Final Report Revision 1 submitted on
December 08,2002 and April 14, 2003. Any missing data or missing supporting documents that
do not exist or are unavailable are documented and discussed. Over the course of this project it
became necessary to make minor modifications to the MSOD input table format. ERG had prior
approval from EPA before any changes were made and each of these changes is discussed in full
in this report.


Data Errors:

Humidity values are out of bounds in the Dynob_in and Bag_in table.

Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity
to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SQL code has
been written for EPA to correct this data before loading it into the MSOD format.

Additional Table:

None
The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix K.

Contacts:

John Walls

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Phone: 602-207-7027

E-mail: walls.john@ev.state.az.us

3.3 British Columbia AirCare (BC_IM_YYMM)

A vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program entitled "AirCare" was started in
British Columbia, Canada, in 1992. This program originally used centralized testing facilities to
perform ASM 2525/idle test procedures. In 2000, the program was reviewed and modified into
AirCare II. In the new program, IM240 tests were used for vehicle model years over 1991. Data
from the AirCare from January 2001 through June 2002 program has been made available for
inclusion into EPA’s MSOD. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the
reader should refer to the final report for phase one.

Missing Data:

None

Missing Supporting Document:

None

Data Errors:

Humidity values are out of bounds in the Dynob_in and Bag _in table.

31


second by second data but was unsuccessful. For the Offcycle subset of tests, the only subset
where second by second data was retained, the tests also included an extended test procedure
with a fourth bag. In addition to the standard emissions data, measurements for over 150 species
were taken from the exhaust and have been included in the data to be loaded into the MSOD. For
details on the CRC Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program study, a summary, and
vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase two.

Missing Data:
Test weight for Dynob_in table.

Test weight was submitted with the raw data in the beginning. Due to a technical
problem, the test weights were not populated properly. The Dynob_in table was updated with test
weight in this phase of the project.

Missing Supporting Document:

None

Data Errors:

Primary key violations for Dynob_in, Time_in and Bag_in tables.

The error was caused by unknown tests that were submitted on second by second
emission measurements without any test summary. Another cause of error was duplicated
records in the raw data. The SAS code has been modified to overcome these violations by
Temoving all unknown tests and duplicated records. The update tables of Dynob_in, Time_in,
Rmeas_in, Bmeas_in, Bag_in and Tmeas_in were created and submitted to EPA.

Additional Table:

None

The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix C.

Contacts:

Robert Gorse

E-mail Address(es): rgorse1234@aol.com
Phone: 734-429-3700

Retired from FORD

17


vehicle/technology categories. In creating CMEM, over 350 vehicles were extensively tested on
a chassis dynamometer, where second-by-second measurements were made of both engine-out
and tailpipe emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx),
and carbon dioxide (CO2).

The vehicles used in this study were typically tested with three test cycles: 3-bag FTP,
US06 cycle (bag 4 of the supplemental FTP), and a second by second emissions cycle developed
by CECERT entitled the Modal Emission Cycle (MEC). The MEC was designed to cover a
range of driving modes including steady-state cruise, accelerations, decelerations, and idle. All
vehicles were recruited out of the general vehicle population and whatever gasoline they had in
their tanks was used during testing. For details on the NCHRP study and summary and vehicle
information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one.

Missing Data:

Missing fuel economy and Dynamometer Setting

Data source was contacted and confirmed that fuel economy is not available for this
study. However, data source suggested ERG calculate the data from the carbon balance method.
After consulting the EPA project manager, we decided not to calculate these data, because there

were no reported fuel properties for the test program.

Data source was contacted and confirmed that dynamometer coefficients are not available

for this study.
Missing Supporting Document:
MEC schedule point is missing.
Data source was contacted and submitted MEC schedule point.
Data Errors:
Humidity values are out of bounds in Dynob_in and Bag_ in tables.
Dynosecs are out of bound for a few tests.

Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity
to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SAS code has
been modified to correct this problem and export the data to an MSOD loadable format.

23


After verifying the raw data, it is shown that these extreme values existed in the original
data. Data source has been contacted for this error. Due to the conversion program from the ETC
lab, the extreme values for these three tests were set to be null.

Additional Table:

Ltime_in

The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below.

. The ctr_tst_id were assigned to be the same values as in the time_in table.
. Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data.
Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second
Cvs_flow - Constant volume sample in standard cubic feet per second
Dil_co - Carbon monoxide in ppm by volume after mixed with dilution air
Dil_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution
air
Df - Dilution Factor
Dil_n2o -Total N2O in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with
dilution air (rmeas_in)
Dil_no2 -Total NO2 in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with
dilution air (rmeas_in)
Dil_no -Total NO in ppm by volume as measured after mixed with

dilution air (rmeas_in)

. Background concentrations of measured pollutants before the start of each bag
were populated into the bmeas_in table.

The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix E.

Contacts:

Mr. Peter Barton.

Phone: (613) 990-3723

Emissions Research and Measurement Division
Environment Canada

E-mail: Barton.peter@etc.ec.qc.ca

2.5 New York Instrument Protocol Assessment (NYIPA, NYIPA2002)

New York State runs a decentralized inspection and maintenance (I/M) program that does
not use the EPA standard IM240 protocol, but instead uses a New York Transient Emissions
Short Test (NYTEST) testing program and equipment. To support this substitution in testing
programs, New York has been performing a comparison study between the NYTEST and the

19


Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity
to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SQL code has
been written for EPA to correct this data before loading it into the MSOD format.

Additional Table:

None
The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix K.

Contacts:

Mr. David Gourley

The Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority, also known as "TransLink"
Phone: 604-453-5170

E-mail: dave_gourley@translink.bc.ca

3.4 Colorado Air Care (CO_IM_YYMM)

Colorado’s inspection and maintenance (I/M) program, titled "Air Care," was started in
January of 1995. All 1982 and newer vehicles in Denver and surrounding effected areas are
required to have an IM240 emissions test every two years at onc of the 15 Air Care testing
stations, The test facilities are operated by Envirotest Systems Corp., a subsidiary of
Environmental Systems Products, Inc. (ESP). Vehicles older then 1982 are only required to pass
an idle emissions test annually and can be taken to any Envirotest Air Care center or to any
licensed independent testing center. For details on the study and summary and vehicle
information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one.

Missing Data:

None

Missing Supporting Document:
None

Data Errors:

Humidity values are out of bounds in the Dynob_in and Bag_in table.

Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity
to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SQL code has
been written for EPA to correct this data before loading it into MSOD format.

32


Data Errors:

After discovering the uncorrected test phase in Time_in table, the SAS program was
edited to overcome these errors. The update Time_in table was submitted to EPA with proper
values for the test phase.

Additional Table:

Ltime_in

The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below.

. The ctr_tst_id were assigned to be the same values as in the time_in table.

° Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data.
Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second
Lab_baro - Barometric pressure for each second in inch of mercury
Tp_vol - Tailpipe volume in standard cubic feet per second
Dil_vol - Dilution air in standard cubic feet per second
Tp_the - Total hydrocarbon in ppm by volume as measured at tailpipe
Tp_co - Carbon monoxide in ppm by volume as measured at tailpipe
Tp_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume as measured at tailpipe
Dil_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution

air

Tp_nox - Nitrogen oxide in percent by volume as measured at tailpipe

° Background concentrations of measured pollutants before testing was startedwere

populated into the tmeas_in table.

The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix C.

Contacts:

Mr. Brent Bailey.

Phone: 678-795-0506
Coordinating Research Council
E-mail: bkbailey@crcao.com

2.3.2 CRC Project E-55 Heavy-duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing

(CRC_E55)

The Coordinating Research Council organized a study through West Virginia University
(WVU) entitled "Heavy-Duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing for Emission Inventory."
The goal of this project was to quantify regulated emissions and certain unregulated species from
heavy heavy-duty diesel trucks (HHDDT) in the State of California. There is some doubt that

14


Table 2-4: Special Study - Required Investigation and Correction

<i Data Souree 2:
'VU_l - WVU_4

‘est Virginia University testing of Heavy
[Duty Vehicles Using Their Portable
[Dynamometer (1-4)

[Resolve all negative emissions in time_in table.

YIPA/ NYIPA2002

{The New York State
Instrumentation/Protocol Assessment Study
Which compares the standard IM240 test
Procedure and instrumentation with the New
ork Transient Emissions Short Test
NYTEST)

Resolve errors of humidity and barometers from
\dynob_in and bag_in table.

ICRC_ESS

\Coordinating Research Council (CRC)
tudy in 2002 on Heavy-duty Vehicle

(Chassis Dynamometer Testing for

[Emissions Inventory. /E55_59

{Confirmation on idle tests for the records that
ppear to have missing emissions in bag level.
[Update time_in table with recently reported speed.

ICRC_S LDVI

(Coordinating Research Council (CRC)
study in 1997 to determine the effects of
sulfur levels in fuel on vehicles.

Resolve the incorrect test phase in time_in table.

crc_agire

Coordinating Research Council (CRC)
lAuto/Oil Air Quality Improvement
IResearch Program (early 1990's) / AQIRP.

Resolve on primary key violations and update of test|
hweight in dynob_in table

(CECERT_NCHRP

University of California Riverside College
lof Engineering Center for Environmental
[Research and Technology (CE-CERT)

ICHRP 25-11 Comprehensive Modal
[Emission Model and Vehicle Emissions
Database, Version 2.02.

Resolve the over upper bound or under lower bound
conflict for humidity, in dynob_in table and time in
time_in table

[Resolve the wide range of dynosec in time_in table
for FTP, USO6 and MEC test cycles,

(CECERT_NH3

lEnvironnement Canada (EC)

[TXDOT_UT

CSU_TARF

(CARB_N20

(CARB_UCC96

[University of California Riverside College
lof Engineering Center for Environmental
[Research and Technology (CE-CERT)
[Emissions of Ammonia fro Light-duty
chicles.

1994 N2O Emissions from Light Duty
‘ehicles - Phase I

[Texas Department of Transportation and the|
[University of Texas study in 2002-03 on the
luse of new fuels in heavy-duty diesel

ehicles

lorth Carolina State University conducted
an experiment to determine the emission
savings that could be achieved through
etter traffic management

‘alifornia Air Resources Board (CARB)
116th Vehicle Surveillance Program with

120 bag data.

‘alifornia Air Resources Board (CARB)

velopment of Unified Correction cycles

UCC) in 1996

Resolve on primary key violations and update of
ambient conditions

Resolve errors of humidity and barometer s from
dynob_in and bag_in table.

Resolve on primary key violations,

Resolve the incorrect test phase in time_in table and
lover upper bound or under lower bound conflict for
fumicity in dynob_in table,

|Add additional variables in time_in table
|Update dynob_in table with reported test weight

[Update test_proc and sched_id with proper name
kind recalculate emission in dynob_in and bag_in

tables,



The SAS code has been modified to export these values. The update tables of Time_in
were created and submitted to EPA

Additional Table:
Ltime_in

The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below.

. The ctr_tst_id were assigned to be the same values as in time_in table.
° Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data.
Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second
Tot_hp -Total power in hp unit
Torq! -Hubi torque in FtLb
Torq2 -Hub2 torque in FtLb
Powerl -Hub1 power in hp
Power2 -Hub2 power in hp
Espeed1 -Hubl speed in rpm

Espeed2 -Hub2 speed inrpm

The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix J.

Contacts:

Ralph Nine

Program Coordinator

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Morgantown, WV 26506-6106

Phone: (304) 293-3111 ext. 2463

E-mail: Ralph.Nine@mail.wvu.edu

29


Additional Table:

None

Contacts:

Dr. Matthew Barth

Director of Transportation Systems & Vehicle Technology Research Laboratory
Phone: 909-781-5782

E-mail: barth@cert.ucr.edu

2.8 University of Texas (TXDOT_UT)

The University of Texas at Austin conducted a study for the Texas Department of
Transportation (TxDOT) on the use of new fuels in heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The primary
purpose of the study was to evaluate new fuels with regard to changes in emissions, maximum
power, and fuel economy. Second-by-second activity data was collected on two single axle dump
trucks (four weeks total), two tandem axle dump trucks (four weeks total), a telescoping boom
excavator (one week), and a wheeled loader (one week) during their normal work activity. The
activity data was used to build chassis dynamometer test cycles for the single axle and tandem
axle dump trucks and to build engine dynamometer test cycles for the excavator and loader. The
chassis and engine test cycles were then used to generate second-by-second HC, CO, and NOx
emissions data for eight dump trucks and for two diesel engines, respectively. The fuels used
during the testing included two low sulfur diesel fuels, a high sulfur diesel fuel, and PuriNOx
diesel fuel.

For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to
the final report for phase two.

Missing Data:

Twenty tests (from 126) have missing CO and CO2 values for Time_in table

Data source was contacted and confirmed that CO and CO2 values are not available for
these 20 tests.

Missing Supporting Document:

All schedule points are missing.

Data source was contacted and submitted schedule points for all available test schedules.

26


Table 2-1: Population of Special Studies

(California Air Resources Board (UCC96) 51 4

University of California CE-CERT (NCHRP) 878, 344)
University of California CE-CERT (NH3) 54) 39)
[Coordinating Research Council (CRC_S_LDV1 510) 12|
North Carolina State University 787| 7|
(Coordinating Research Council (AQIRP) 4,696, 85)
(California Air Resources Board (N20) 64 44
University of California CE-CERT (HDD) 31 8
(Coordinating Research Council (E55) 701 25)
Environment Canada 71 4
New York IPA 24,889 9,942)
Mest Virginia University 2,350) 462!
[Texas Department of Transportation 126 10)
rT sexed sani



2.0 Special Studies
2.1 Overview

In the past twelve months, ERG has contacted several labs throughout the United States
and Canada that perform vehicle emissions testing for a variety of different purposes and studies.
While many of the studies were confidential, there was still a wide range of data that could be
made available for public release. All publicly available data that contained second-by-second
emissions testing was examined for possible inclusion into the MSOD. ERG then produced
large amounts of data to be loaded into the MSOD. Primary quality assurance was applied to all
of the previously submitted data. Table 2-1 shows a summary of the data received from the
special studies. Once the data has passed the primary QA check, the data will be submitted to
EPA for a more detailed QA check. Results from the EPA QA check were provided to ERG for
further investigation to resolve any data errors and/or acquire any additional information.

In this work assignment, ERG worked with EPA to address the missing data, missing
supporting documents, the correction of the vehicle-testing data that was submitted under WA
No. 3-06, and submittal of additional tables. Table 2-2 through Table 2-4 represent a list of the
missing data, missing supporting documents, and data error issues. Details of the acquired
missing data, missing supporting documents and data corrections will be described as follows.

In order to capture as much of this data as possible, it was necessary to add additional
fields onto the MSOD input tables. All additions were agreed upon by EPA and ERG staff
before any changes were made. These additions are outlined in Table 2.5.

Many of the fields in the MSOD are restricted to contain only those values that appear
within a reference table for that particular field. These reference tables are intended to be
expanded, as needed, when new data is added to the MSOD. Many additions were made to take
into account the wide variety of data being added in this. The additional reference values appear
in Table 2.6 and Table 2.7.


engine certification data is sufficient to accurately estimate the inventory of nitrous oxides (NOx)
and particulate matter (PM) in the environment due to these heavy-duty vehicles. Therefore,
WVU used a transportable chassis dynamometer to test 25 heavy-duty diesel trucks with the
Urban Driving Dynamometer Schedule, the AC50/80 cycle, and the CARB HHDDT cycle, in
both loaded and unloaded situations. For details on the CRC Project E-55 Heavy-duty Vehicle
Chassis Dynamometer Testing, a summary, and vehicle information, the reader should refer to
the final report for phase two.

Missing Data:

Measured speeds of second by second testing are missing.

Data source was contacted and re-submitted raw data with measured speed values. ERG
updated the Time_in table with measured speed values.

Missing Supporting Document:

All schedule points are missing.

Data source was contacted and submitted schedule points for all available test schedules.
Data Errors:

Primary key violations for Dynob_in, Time_in and Bag_in tables.

The error was caused by a technical problem in the SAS program. The SAS code has
been modified to correct this error. The updated tables of Dynob_in, Time_in, Rmeas_in,
Bmeas_in, Bag_in and Tmeas_in were created and submitted to EPA

Additional Table:
Ltime_in

The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below.

° The ctr_tst_id were assigned to be the same values as in the time_in table.
° Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data.
Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second
Torq! -Hub1 torque in FtLb
Torq2 -Hub? torque in FtLb
Powerl -Hub! power in hp

15


Table 2-3: Special Study - Required Supporting Document

Sue i at lecDocumen
West Virginia University testing of [Ralph D. Nine > efinition oral i
VU_1 - WVU_4 lHeavy Duty Vehicles Using Their (304) 293-3111 ext.2463 Echedule proce dures
[Portable Dynamometer (1-4). Ralp.Nine@mail.wvu.edu sing in WVU study.
(Coordinating Research Council efinition of test
CRC) study in 2002 on Heavy-duty [Ralph D. Nine rocedure and schedule
ICRC ehicle Chassis Dynamometer 304) 293-3111 ext.2463 |for CARBI, CARBR,
(Testing for Emissions Inventory. _|Ralp.Nine@mail.wvu.edulCARBC, CARBT and
ES5_59 C508
(Coordinating Research Council efinition of test
Re (CRC) Auto/Oil Air Quality rope Gorse rocedure and schedule
) 429-3700
improvement Research Program gorse! 234@aol.com for FTP4S,
(early 1990's) / AQIRP. :
(California Air Resources Board efinition of test
CARB (CARB) development of Unified lark Carlock rocedure and schedule
Correction cycles (UCC) in 1996/ fmacrlock@arb.ca.gov for UCC**.
lUCC96.
(California Air Resources Board efinition of test
CARB CARB) I6th Vehicle Surveillance MOK Tore bese for
[Program with N2O bag data. cag (C, MUC and LA92
[University of California Riverside lefinition of test
College of Engineering Center for rocedure for FTPCC
[Environmental Research and Dr. Matthew Barth
(CE-CERT [Technology (CE-CERT) NCHRP 909) 781-5782
25-11 Comprehensive Modal bbarth@cert.ucr.edu
{Emission Model and Vehicle
[Emissions Database, Version 2.02.
[Texas Department of 1 Bandeep Kishan aie offest
[Transportation (TxDOT) [7U°k study - new fucls/power/FE Lendsop kishon@ergcom ADT, TADT, GRADA



Additional Table:

None

The complete program used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix F.

Contacts:

Celia Shih, (518) 402-8337

Data Analysis Section, Bureau of Enhanced I/M
Division of Air Resources, NYSDEC

2nd Fl, 625 Broadway Albany, NY 12233-3257
cxshih@gw.dec.state.ny.us

2.6 North Carolina University (NCSU_TRAF)

In 2001, Dr. Christopher Frey from the Department of Civil Engineering at North
Carolina State University headed a team to investigate the emissions reductions that could be
achieved through improvement in traffic management. They used the portable exhaust gas
analyzer, OEM-2100TM from Clean Air Technologies International, Inc., to collect on-road
vehicle emissions. This instrumentation was attached to a small number of vehicles that were

then repeatedly driven on predefined routes.

Two main sites were used for this study; Chapel Hill Road and Walnut Street in North
Carolina. A small number of drivers were used to ensure repeatability in the driving behavior.
Regular unleaded gasoline was used for all vehicle runs and no further fuel information is
available from the study. For details on the study and summary and vehicle information, the
reader should refer to the final report for phase one.

Missing Data:
Exhaust flow

Exhaust flow was submitted with the raw data. However, due to different terminology
that was used, it resulted in none-exporting of exhaust flow. After discussions with the EPA
project manager, the correct variable was determined. The SAS code has been modified and this

additional data was exported to the Ttime_in table.

Missing Supporting Document:

None

21


WERG

Eastern Research Group, Inc.

EPA-420-R-03-101

Mobile Source
Observation Data (MSOD)
Database Update Phase III

Final Report

Revision 1

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency

August 31, 2003


Table 2-6. Additional Reference Values - Measurement Types

ETC_N2O, TXDOT_UT,

ICARB_UCC96, CRC_S_LDV1 (CO_BKG_PPM Ambient Concentration of CO in ppm ppm

IETC_N2O, TXDOT_UT, i i

CARB_UCC96, CRC_S_LDV1 (CO2_BKG_% Ambient Concentration of CO2 in percent [percent

|ETC_N2O, TXDOT_UT, i i i

CARB_UCC96, CRC_S_LDV1 INO_BKG_PPM Ambient Concentration of NO in ppm [ppm

IETC_N20 INO2_BKGPPM _ Ambient Concentration of NO2 in ppm pm

IETC_N20 IN20_BKGPPM Ambient Concentration of N20 in ppm pm
Total N2O in ppm by volume as

FTC_N20 PIL_N20 imeasured after mixed with dilution air ppm
[Total NO2 in ppm by volume as

FTC_N20 PIL_No2 measured after mixed with dilution air PPTM
(Total NO in ppm by volume as measured

ETC_N20 DIL_NO lafter mixed with dilution air ppm

[TXDOT_UT, CARB_UCC96, i

RC_S_LDV1 INOx_BKG_PPM [Ambient Concentration of NOx in ppm ppm

[TXDOT_UT, CARB_UCC96, i

IcRC_S_LDV1 |HC_BKG_PPM Ambient Concentration of HC in ppm ppm

(CRC_S_LDV1 ICH4 BKG_PPM [Ambient Concentration of CH4 in ppm pm



Table 2-5: New fields Added to MSOD Import Tables

NYIPA IDYNOB_IN Epa_ref (Character() [EPA Reference Number

(CECERT_NCHRP, CARB_UCC96|SCHED_PTSched_ph INumber(3) _ Schedule Phase
(CECERT_NCHRP. ISCHED_PTSched_ph_nm|Character(15)\Schedule Phase Name
|TXDOT_UT, ETC_N20,

(CARB_UCC96 ILTIME_IN DF INumber() __Dilution Factor

WVU2-WVU4 LTIME_IN [Tot_hp INumber() [Total Power hp
WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 ILTIME_IN [Torq1 Number() ['Hub1 Torque IFtLb
WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 TIME_IN [Torq2 INumber() ['Hub2 Torque IFtLb
WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 LTIME_IN_|Power1 Number‘) 'Hub1 Power hp
WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Power2 Number() ['Hub2 Power hp
WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 |LTIME_IN |Espeed1 INumber() |Hub1 Speed rpm
WVU2-WVU4, CRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Espeed2 Number() ['Hub2 Speed rpm
ICRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Patsp INumber() PA1Speed IRPM
(CRCE55 ILTIME_IN [Patt iNumber() PA1TQ FtLb
(CRCE55 |LTIME_IN  [Pa2sp Number() IPA2Speed IRPM
(CRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Pa2tq Number() PA2TQ FtLb
ICRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Espeed iNumber() Engine Speed AADC
(CRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Cytemp1 Number() (CycloneTemperature1 IDegF
(CRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Cytemp2 \Number() (CycloneTemperature2 IDegF
(CRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Cytemp3 INumber() (CycloneTemperature3 IDegF
(CRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Drytemp Number() [DryBulb Temperature IDegF
(CRCE55, LTIME_IN_|Exhtemp \Number() Exhaust Temperature IDegF |
(CRCE55 LTIME_IN_|Fiftemp iNumber() Filter Face Temperature _ [DegF
(CRCE55 ILTIME_IN  |Pmfback Number() PM Feed Back SCFM
(CRCE55 ILTIME_IN |Sptemp Number() Sample Plane Temperature|DegF
ICRCES5 ILTIME_IN_|VenPress INumber() _Venturi Pressure sf
ICRCE55 |LTIME_IN Ventemp INumber() Venturi Temperature IDegC
ICRCE55 ILTIME_IN Wettemp INumber() WetBulb Temperature IDegF |
(CRCE55 |LTIME_IN_|Pmconc [Number() [Teom Mass Concentration Img/m3



2.9 West Virginia University (WVU_1 - WVU_4)

In 1992, West Virginia University (WVU) developed two transportable chassis
dynamometer laboratories for testing heavy-duty vehicles. Each dynamometer is set up on a flat-
bed trailer and is designed to allow a heavy-duty truck or bus to be driven onto it and tested. The
rollers of the dynamometer are free rotating and are not used to absorb any load. Instead, power
is taken directly from the drive wheels through an adapter coupled to a flywheel, which simulates
inertial load, and eddy current power absorbers, which simulate road load. The exhaust gas is
ducted to a dilution tunnel and from there sample pipes bring the exhaust into the analyzers.

WVU has used this equipment to conduct numerous studies for both private and public
organizations. In phase one and two, EPA was able to procure some of the test data from 13
different test sites. However, this still does not constitute all the data that WVU has collected so
that WVU remains a source for possible future collection. It should also be noted here that while
all data has been received according to test site, WVU has been unable to suggest how each site
may be associated with a specific test report. For details on the study and summary and vehicle
information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one and phase two.

Missing Data:
Test weight, Road_hp and Dyno coefficients for Dynob_in table

Test weight was submitted with the raw data. Due to a technical problem, the test weights
were not populated out properly. The Dynob_in table was updated with test weight in this phase
of the project.

Data source was contacted and confirmed that Road_hp and Dyno coefficients are not

available for this study.
Missing Supporting Document:
All schedule points are missing.
Data source was contacted and submitted schedule points for all available test schedules.

Data Errors:

EPA discovered negative emissions in one of the WVU datasets and requested that ERG
Populate all WVU with raw values.

28


Data Errors:

Humidity values are out of bounds in Dynob_in and Bag _in tables.
Test phase and start time of Time_in table were not properly assigned.

Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity
to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SAS code has
been modified to correct this problem and export the data to an MSOD loadable format.

The SAS code has been edited to export the proper test phase and dynosec for the
Time_in table.

Additional Table:

Ltime_in

The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below.

° The ctr_tst_id were assigned to be the same values as in the time_in table.
° Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data.
Dynosec - Elapse time on dynamometer test in second
Cvs_flow - Constant volume sample in standard cubic feet per second
Dil_the - Total hydrocarbon in ppm by volume after mixed with dilution
air
Dil_co - Carbon monoxide in ppm by volume after mixed with dilution air
Dil_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution
air
Dil_nox - Nitrogen oxide in percent by volume after mixed with dilution air
Df - Dilution Factor
. Back ground concentration of measured pollutants at the beginning of each test

were populated into tmeas_in table.

The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix I.

Contacts:

Sandeep Kishan

Vice President, ERG

phone: 512-407-1830

email: sandeep.kishan@erg.com

27


Table 2-2: Special Study - Required Additional Data

‘oordinating Research Council (CRC) from dynamometer hp to |, aiph D. Ni
crc study in 2002 on Heavy-duty Vehicle speed. Peas.
‘hassis Dyn. eter Testing for {Temperature, humidit; 304) 293-3111 ext.2463
assis Dynamom e perature, Y IRaip. Nine@mail.wvu.edu
[Emissions Inventory. /E55_59 baromai pressure and P
istance for bag_in level.
(Coordinating Research Council (CRC) , . «4. Robert Gorse
cre Awto/Oil Air Quality Improvement ret Weight for dyniob_in 174) 499.3700
[Research Program (early 1990's) / AQIRP. Irgorse|234@aol.com
ae [Femperature, humidity,
(California Air Resources Board (CARB .
(CARB tlevelopment of Unified Constion nels parometric Pressure and fuel Merk Carlock
UCC) in 1996/ UCC96. economy for bag_in and acrlock@arb.ca.gov
dynob_in level.
(California Air Resources Board (CARB) .
CARB 6th Vehicle Surveillance Program with fp ¥ramometer eoe'ficient for}Mark Carlock
20 bag data. lynob_in table imacriock@arb.ca.gov
University of California Riverside College fremperature, tumidity, fuel
of Engineering Center for Environmental cone: foe nae, in level ©" Dr. Matthew Barth
\cE-CERT Research and Technology (CE-CERT) ff db 8s ove" (909) 781-5782
lEmissions of Ammonia fro Light-duty econd by Second emission barth@cerl.ucr.edu
chicles! NHB lof THC and NOx for time_in]
table
University of California Riverside College
f Engineering Center for Environmental .
er-ceRT Research and Technology (CE-CERT) [Fuel economy for dynob_in (uo ea
INCHRP 25-1] Comprehensive Modal \d bag_in tables Ibarth@cert.ucr.edu
Emission Model and Vehicle Emissions r a
[Database, Version 2,02.
[The New York State
Instrumentation/Protacol Assessment Study Celia Shih
INYIPA/ which compares the standard IM240 test .
[X¥IPA2002 procedure and instrumentation with the New Dynamometer Coefficients ($1 8) 402-8337
\York Transient Emissions Short Test Pxshin@ew.dec.state.ny.us
(NY TEST)
lwvu 1 ‘West Virginia University testing of Heavy [Test weight, Toad_hp, dyno. ph D. Nine
WVU 4 puy Vehicles Using Their Portable coefficients for dynob_in (304) 293-3111 ext.2463
= |Dynamometer (1-4). le alp.Nine@mail.wvu.edu
~ [Test weight for dynob_in li
nvironnement vironment Canada’s study on the Effects fable ir. Peter Barton
Fe (EQ) lof Aged Catalysts and Cold Ambient ond by second 613) 990-3723
(Temperatures on Nitrous Oxide Emissions, fmeasurement of speed for Paroneter@etece .qc.ca,
fime_in table



2.4 Environment Canada (ETC_N20)

The Environmental Technology Centre (ETC) at Environment Canada has been
conducting a wide range of vehicle testing for many years on both heavy- and light-duty vehicles
and has been collecting second by second data during the vast majority of thesetests. For phase
two of the MSOD project, we were able to obtain a portion of the data generated during
Environment Canada’s study on the "Effects of Aged Catalysts and Cold Ambient Temperatures
on Nitrous Oxide Emissions." The study tested 10 “in-use” vehicles and 4 new vehicles, but at
this time only data from the new vehicles has been made available to ERG. The tests conducted
were FTP and in some cases IM240 with second by second emissions data being captured for
CO, CO2, NO, NO2, and N20. Summer and winter grade unleaded fuels were used for all tests
depending on the test temperature. For details on the study, a summary, and vehicle information,
the reader should refer to the final report for phase two. All second by second data was
measured using FTIR.

Missing Data:

None

Missing Supporting Document:

None

Data Errors:
Humidity and temperature are out of bounds in Dynob_in and Bag _in tables.
Primary key violations for Dynob_in, Time_in and Bag_in tables.

Extreme fuel economy values, emission summary for 3 tests in Dynob_in and Bag_in
tables

Humidity and temperature errors were caused by an inconsistency in the raw data format.
Additional SAS code has been developed to re-read raw data in and export them out in an
MSOD loadable format.

Primary key problem was caused by a technical problem in the SAS program. The SAS
code has been modified to correct this error. The updated tables of Dynob_in, Time_in,
Rmeas_in, Bmeas_in, Bag_in and Tmeas_in were created and submitted to EPA

18


After contacting the data source for the out of bound dynosecs in the Time_in table, we
were informed that the data were out of bounds because some of the tests were terminated before
the cycle was completed. Any test with an incomplete cycle was added a prefix of “I” in front of
the original values in the test_proc for the Dynob_in table.

Additional Table:

None
The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix H.

Contacts:

Dr. Matthew Barth

Director of Transportation Systems & Vehicle Technology Research Laboratory
Phone: 909-781-5782

E-mail: barth@cert.ucr.edu

2.7.2 CE-CERT Emission of Ammonia for Light-Duty Vehicle (CECERT_NH3)

In 2001, CE-CERT conducted a study to examine the factors that influence ammonia
emissions from light-duty cars and trucks. During this study they tested 39 vehicles on the FTP
driving cycle, All of these tests were performed with whatever gasoline was in the vehicle tank
at the time that the vehicle was procured. During each test they recorded the standard exhaust
measurements along with utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to measure the
ammonia emissions. They also performed additional testing on five vehicles using the US06, the
New York City Cycle (NYCC), and a high-speed freeway cycle in order to determine the effects
of driving patterns on ammonia emissions. Finally, two vehicles were tested using gasoline with
30 and then 330 ppmw sulfur levels to investigate the effects of fuel sulfur levels. For details on
the study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for
phase one.

Missing Data:

Missing ambient conditions, THC, and NOx for second by second emissions.

Data source was contacted and re-submitted raw data with ambient values. ERG updated
the Dynob_in and Bag_in tables with the ambient conditions.

Data source was contacted and confirmed that second by second emissions for THC and
NOx are not available for this study.

24


Table 2-1:
Table 2-2: Special Study - Required Additional Data ..
Table 2-3:
Table 2-4:
Table 2-5:
Table 2-6.

Table 2-7:
Table 2-8
Table 3-1

List of Tables

Population of Special Studies

Special Study - Required Supporting Document
Special Study - Required Investigation and Correction
New fields Added to MSOD Import Tables.
Additional Reference Values - Measurement Type:
: Additional Reference Values- Driving Schedules...
: Population of Special Studies for Ltime_in Table .
: Coverage of [/M Datasets...



Missing Data:

Second by second emission data.
Test weight for Dynob_in table.

Data source was contacted and confirmed that there was no second by second emission
values for 16" Surveillance Program.

Test weight was submitted with the raw data in the beginning. Due to our technical
problem, the test weights were not populated out properly. The Dynob_in table was update with
test weight in this phase of the project.

Missing Supporting Document:

None

Data Errors:

None

Additional Table:

None
The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix B.

Contact:

Mark Carlock

California Air Resources Board
mearlock@arb.ca.gov

2.2.2 California Air Resources Board (CARB) Development of Unified Correction
Cycles (UCC) in 1996 (CARB_UCC96)

As part of the CARB development of the Emission Factor (EMFAC) model, adjustments
to EPA’s Unified Cycle (UC) were made. These adjustments, entitled Unified Correction Cycles
(UCC), are based off of route specific driving data representative of driving within the Los
Angeles area in 1992. CARB then updated the UCC’s in 1996 to account for changes in driving

patterns. After developing 8 new driving cycles, they conducted an emissions testing program to
generate new factors for their EMFAC model.

il


Dil_the - Total hydrocarbon in ppm by volume after mixed
with dilution air

Dil_co - Carbon monoxide in ppm by volume after mixed
with dilution air
Dil_co2 - Carbon dioxide in percent by volume after mixed
with dilution air
Dil_nox __- Nitrogen oxide in percent by volume after mixed
with dilution air
Df - Dilution Factor
. Back ground concentration of measured pollutants at the beginning of each test

were populated into the tmeas_in table.

The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix B.

Contact:

Jeff Long

Phone: (626) 450-6140

California Air Resources Board; Analysis Section
9528 Telstar Ave.

El Monte, CA 91731 USA

E-mail: jlong@arb.ca.gov

2.3. Coordinating Research Council (CRC)
2.3.1 CRC Project E-47 Sulfur Reversibility Program (CRC_S_LDV1)

The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) conducted a study in 1997 to determine the
effects of sulfur levels in fuel on vehicles. They used approximately 12 vehicles. Each vehicle
was first tested with approximately 10,000 miles on the odometer, The catalysts were then
rapidly aged to the equivalent of over 100,000 miles and retested. To investigate the effects of
sulfur, they varied the amount of sulfur in two base fuels by adding the Auto/Oil 3-component
sulfur mixture. They used Federal RFG base fuel with 40, 100, 150, 330, and 600 ppm sulfur as
well as California Phase 2 RFG with 40 and 150 ppm sulfur. For details on the CRC Project E-
47 Sulfur Reversibility Program study, a summary, and vehicle information, the reader should
refer to the final report for phase one.

Missing Data:

None

Missing Supporting Document:

None

3


Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction
2.0 — Special Studies

2.1 Overview
2.2 California Air Resources Board
2.2.1

2.2.2 California Air Resources Board (CARB) Development of U fied
Correction Cycles (UCC) in 1996.
2.3 Coordinating Research Council (CRC) .

2.3.1 CRC Project E-47 Sulfur Reversibility Program.

2.3.2 CRC Project E-55 Heavy-duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing
Iiks

2.3.3 CRC Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program

2.4 Environment Canada..
2.5 New York Instrument Protocol Assessmen
2.6 North Carolina University............
2.7. University of California CE-CERT

2.7.1 Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model...
2.7.2 CE-CERT Emission of Ammonia for Light Duty Vehicle
2.7.3 CE-CERT Heavy Duty Diesel Emissions.

2.8 University of Texas
2.9 West Virginia Universit;

3.0 Inspection and Maintenance Programs...

3.1 Overview,
3.2. Arizona Car Care
3.3. British Columbia AirCare .
3.4 Colorado Air Car
4.0 Conclusions  ........e

Please note that the appendices are available in electronic format only.

Appendix A: MSOD Field List

Appendix B: California Air Resources Board Data Preparation and Correction Programs
Appendix C: Coordinating Research Council Data Preparation and Correction Programs
Appendix E: Environment Canada Data Preparation and Correction Programs

Appendix F: New York Instrumentation Protocol Assessment Year 4 Data Preparation and
Correction Programs

Appendix G: North Carolina State University Data Preparation and Correction Programs

Appendix H: University of California CE-CERT Data Preparation and Correction Programs

Appendix I: University of Texas Data Preparation and Correction Programs
Appendix J: West Virginia University Data Preparation and Correction Programs
Appendix K: SQL Code for Correcting Humidity Error in I/M datasets


4.0 Conclusions

The MSOD update project began in August, 2002 and has been on-going. This work
assignment was assigned to address the missing data, missing supporting documents, the
correction of the vehicle-testing data that was submitted under WA No. 3-06, and submittal of
additional tables. ERG acquired data from thirteen special studies and three inspection and
maintenance (I/M) programs for a total number of tests that were provided to EPA of over 5.25
million. During these three phases there were many obstacles that were encountered while
processing this information. Some obstacles may have been preventable while some may have
been unavoidable. The obstacles are listed below.

. Once the data was processed and submitted to EPA, EPA ran the submitted data
through a QA program. Any errors found were communicated to ERG for
investigation and correction. In phase one and two of this project, we waited until
the end of each phase and submitted all data together to EPA. This submittal
process was not practical enough since some data contained errors and it was only
discovered after the project ended. In phase three of this project, any new or
corrected data were submitted to EPA as soon as it was completed. Processing
data in this manner allowed EPA enough time to perform QA on the data and for
ERG to verify and correct any data errors.

. Schedule point table was designed for housing data on the time base basis while
many of the test cycles for heavy-duty vehicle are route base.

° The length of schedule point was limited to 5 characters long, some special

studies developed many schedule points of their own and it was challenging to
modify their names to be only 5 characters long.

34


Data Errors:

Humidity values are out of bounds in the Ttime_in table.

Humidity errors were caused by an incorrect conversion equation from relative humidity
to be absolute humidity in the unit of grain of water per pound of dry air. The SAS code has
been modified to correct this problem and the data was exported to the MSOD loadable format.

Additional Table:

None

The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix G.

Contacts:

H. Christopher Frey

Associate Professor

Department of Civil Engineering
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC 27695-7908
Telephone: (919) 515-1155
E-mail: frey@eos,ncsu.edu

2.7. University of California CE-CERT

Researchers at the University of California College of Engineering-Center for
Environmental Research and Technology (CECERT) have been conducting a variety of vehicle
test programs for several years.

2.7.1. Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (NCHRP)

In August 1995, the CECERT at the University of California-Riverside, along with
researchers from the University of Michigan and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, began
a four-year research project to develop a Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM),
sponsored by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP, Project 25-11).
The overall objective of the research project was to develop and verify a modal emissions model
that accurately reflects light-duty vehicle (LDV, i.e., cars and small trucks) emissions produced
as a function of the vehicle’s operating mode. The model is comprehensive in the sense that it is
able to predict emissions for a wide variety of LDVs in various states of condition (e.g., properly
functioning, deteriorated, malfunctioning). The model is now complete and capable of predicting
second-by-second tailpipe emissions and fuel consumption for a wide range of

22


WERG

wwwierR com

ERG No.: 0136.03.008.001
EPA Contract No.: 68-C-00- 112
Work Assignment No.: 3-08

Mobile Source Observation Data (MSOD) Database Update

FINAL REPORT
REVISION |

EPA Contract No. 68-C-00-112
Work Assignment No. 3-08

Prepared for:

Kitty Walsh
Project Officer

Carl Scarbro
Work Assignment Manager

Prepared by:
Boonsiri Limsakul
Eastern Research Group

5608 Parkcrest Drive, Suite 100
Austin, TX 78731-4947

August 31, 2003

5608 Parkerest Drive, Suite (OO, Austin, OX 78731-4947 ¢ Phone (512) 407 1820 + Fax (512) 419-0089

Arlington, VA * Austin, TX * Boston, MA # Chantilly VA # Chicago, Ik + Lexington, MA + Morrisville, NC * Nashua, NH * Sacramento, CA

ur Rene ge Bases



3.0 Inspection and Maintenance Programs
3.1 Overview

Test data from three inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs were highlighted for
collection and inclusion into the MSOD. The selected programs were the Arizona Car Care
program (AZ_IM_0201), British Columbia AirCare program (BC_IM_0101), and the Colorado
Air Care program (CO_IM_9901). All three programs use centralized testing facilities operated
by a primary contractor with tests administered by trained technicians. Each program allows
clean vehicles to “fast pass” the emissions test when their emissions drop below a pre-
determined fast pass level for that portion of the test and the test is ended. Table3.1 presents a
summary of the number of tests and vehicles by each I/M program. For details of the programs,
the reader should refer to the final report for phase one.

Since all three I/M programs consisted of more than 5 million tests, EPA is in the process
of modifying the loading table to handle this I/M data. For this work assignment, only one error
was discovered; an out of bounds value for humidity in Dynob_in and Bag_in tables.

Table 3-1: Coverage of I/M Datasets

Arizona January 1, 2002) June 30, 2002) 317,192)
(Colorado January 1, 1999, September 1, 2002) 4,366,275)
British Columbia January 1, 2001 June 3, 2002) 532,792)
(Grand Total 5,216,259}

3.2 Arizona Car Care (AZ_IM_YYMM)

Arizona has been conducting an enhanced vehicle-testing program in Phoenix since 1995.
As part of this program, most light duty gasoline vehicles, model years 1981 through 1995,
undergo an IM147 test on a biennial basis. Arizona has provided the results of all IM147 tests
‘performed from January through June 2002 for inclusion into the EPA MSOD., For details on the
‘study and summary and vehicle information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase
“one.

Missing Data:

None

Missing Supporting Document:

None

30


Missing Supporting Document:

FWY schedule point is missing.
Data source was contacted and submitted FWY schedule point.

Data Errors:

None

Additional Table:

None

The complete programs used to read in and modify the data can be found in Appendix H.

Contacts:

Dr. Matthew Barth

Director of Transportation Systems & Vehicle Technology Research Laboratory
Phone: 909-781-5782

E-mail: barth@cert.ucr.edu

2.7.3 CE-CERT Heavy Duty Diesel Emissions (CECERT_HDD)

The CE-CERT Heavy Duty Diesel Truck study is an on-going study and has been
released to EPA and ERG under condition that it remains confidential. The emissions data that
ERG was able to procure is on-road tests of 8 vehicles throughout southern California. All
vehicles were tested with diesel fuel. For details on the study and summary and vehicle
information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one.

Missing Data:

None

Missing Supporting Document:

None

Data Errors:

None

25


Table 2-7: Additional Reference Values- Driving Schedules

(CARB_UCC96__[UCCI5

|Unified Correction Cycle 15

(CARB_UCC96__ [UCC20.

[Unified Correction Cycle 20

(CARB_UCC96___[UCC25

[Unified Correction Cycle 25

(CARB_UCC96__ [UCC30

(Unified Correction Cycle 30

(CARB_UCC96__ [UCC35

(Unified Correction Cycle 35

(CARB_UCC96__ |UCC40

[Unified Correction Cycle 40

(CARB_UCC96__ [UCC45

(Unified Correction Cycle 45

(CARB_UCC96___[UCCS50.

[Unified Correction Cycle 50

(CARB_UCC96 __ [UCCS55

[Unified Correction Cycle 55

(CECERT_NCHRP.

ECVS

odal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version

(CECERT_NCHRP/MECV6

iModal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version6

(CECERT_NCHRPSMECV6}

Special Modal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version6 (no AC Hill

(CECERT_NCHRP/MECV7

odal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version7

(CECERT_NCHRPSSMECV7|

Special Modal Emission Cycle test created by CE-CERT Version7 (no AC Hill)

(CRC_AQIRP FTPRS

IFTP with fourth bag of EPA REPOS

(CRC_ES5_59 (ACS080

(Acceleration 50 km/r and 80 km/hr

(CRC_ES5_59 CARB-C

(Creep Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle

(CRC_ESS_59 (CARB-T

(Transient Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle

ICRC_ESS_59 (CCARB-R

(Cruise Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle

[TXDOT_UT SADT

Single Axle Dump Truck Cycle developed by ERG

(TXDOT_UT [TADT

[Tandem Axle Dump Truck Cycle developed by ERG

(TXDOT_UT GRADA

[Telescoping Boom Excavator Cycle developed by ERG

[TXDOT_UT ILOADE

|Wheeled Loader Cycle developed by ERG

'VUI-WVU4 [KERN

IKERN Cycle

IWVU1-WVU4__ NYBUS

INew York Bus

IWVU1-WVU4 [CBD

IWVUI-WVU4 __|TESTD [Test D

|WVUI-WVU4 __|14C Modified CBD
IWVUI-WVU4__|I4R Modified and routized CBD
IWVUI-WVU4_ __R2-SMIL_[Routinized WVU-SP run 2 times

IWVUI-WVU4_ _ RCHSVR

[Routinized CSHVC run 2 times

IWVUI-WVU4 __ RTESTD

Double Test D with Warmup (TEST_D2W)

VUI-WVU4 _ BCBD

(CBD run 3 times

[WVUI1-WVU4__ SMILE

|Routinized WVU-5P

|WVUI-WVU4__|[ALTI

|WVUI-WVU4 _|ALT2

IWVUI-WVU4 [ART

IWVUI-WVU4 _[CARB-C

(Creep Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle

IWVUI-WVU4__[CARB-R

(Creep Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle

VUI-WVU4_ __(CARB-T

(Transient Portion of CARB HHDDT cycle

VUI-WVU4 _|CBD-RT

[Routinized CBD

IWVUI-WVU4 _|CSCYC

IWVUI-WVU4 _ (CSHVR

IRoutinized CSHVC

IWVUI-WVU4 __ [DRT

[Test D Route

|WVUI-WVU4 _ NYCC

New York Composite Cycle (NY-Comp)



For this emissions testing program, they recruited approximately 81 vehicles from the
general fleet population and tested them using the 8 new UCCs, an FTP test, and a UC test. Only
a portion of the testing data was available for inclusion into the MSOD. Each vehicle’s fuel tank
was emptied and refilled with Phase I summertime gasoline fuel prior to preconditioning and
testing. Second by second data was collected for the UCC and UC tests only. For details on the
CARB Development of Unified Correction cycles (UCC) in 1996 study, a summary, and vehicle
information, the reader should refer to the final report for phase one.

Missing Data:
Ambient conditions and fuel economy Dynob_in table

Data source was contacted and confirmed that ambient conditions and fuel economy are
not available for this study.

Missing Supporting Document:
Drive schedule and test procedure

Data source was contacted and submitted drive schedule and test procedure to ERG.

All test schedules were populated and submitted to EPA in Sched_pt table.

Data Errors:

After receiving the correct titles for COLD and UNIFIED cycles from data source, ERG
reprocessed Dynob_in, Bag_in, and Time_in tables with the correct titles (COLD as FTP and
UNIFIED as LA92) and recalculated values for Bag_in table.

Additional Table:
Ltime_in

The primary modifications and available fields are discussed below.

. The ctr_tst_id were assigned to be the same values as in the time_in table.
. Following variables were filled with measured values from the raw data.
Dynosec _- Elapse time on dynamometer test in second
Cvs_flow - Constant volume sample in standard cubic feet per
second

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