3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 373085 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Human Health Toxicity

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION UNITED STAT ES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460



### MEMORANDUM

DATE: December 20 , 2011

SUBJECT : Joint Science Review with Health Canada Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) in Support of the Registration of AMV

- 1018 Technical (EPA File Symbol No. 5481

- LAI), a Manufacturing

- Use Product (MP), Co ntaining 98.0% of 3

- decen

- 2

- one as its Active Ingredient and Tolerance Exemption Petition Review in Support of 3

- decen

- 2

- one

.

Decision Number s : 425383 and 425387 DP Number: 387847 EPA File Symbol Number: 5481

- LAI EPA Petition Number: 9F7670 Chemical Class : Biochemical PC Code: 068403 CAS Number: 10519

- 33

- 2 Active Ingredient Tolerance: Pending MRID Numbers: 47942601

- 47942618, 484223 01

- 48422302, and 484124

- 02 Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity , Nontarget Organisms



### FROM: Colin G. Wals h, M.S.

, Biolog i st /s/ 1 2 / 20 /201 1 Biochemical Pesticides Branch Biopesticides & Pollution Prevention Division (7511P)

THRU: Angela L. Gonzales

, Biologist /s/ 1 2 / 20 /2011 Biochemical Pesticides Branch Biopesticides & Pollution Prevention Division (751 1P)

TO : Linda A. Hollis

, Chief Biochemical Pesticides Branch Biopesticides & Poll ution Prevention Division (7511P )

ACTION REQUESTED

AMVAC Chemical Corporation requests registration of AMV

- 1018 Technical , a new technical grade active ingredient (TGAI) and manufacturing

- use product (MP ) containing 98.0 % of the

new active ingredient (a.i.)

, 3

- decen

- 2

- one , a chemical occurring naturally in some foods and3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 2 approved as a direct food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a synthet ic flavoring agent and adjuvant (21 CFR 172.515). This TGAI/MP product is for manufacturing

- use only; specifically, for formulation into registered end

- use products for use as a sprout inhibitor in or on stored potatoes

. In support of the proposed product, the applicant has submitted a proposed product label, a Confidential Statement of Formula (CSF) dated 12/08/2009 , product chemistry data in MRIDs 47942601

- 47942608 and 48156401 , mammalian and human toxicology data and information in MRIDs 47942609

- 4794261 6, 47942618, 48422301

- 48422302, and 484124

- 02 , and nontarget organism toxicology information in MRID 47942617 . A request for registration of a proposed end

- use product (EP) containing 3

- decen

- 2

- one (EPA File Symbol No. 5481

- LTR) ha s been submitted concurre ntly and is discussed in a separate memorand um from C. Walsh thru A. Gonzales to L. Hollis dated 1 2 / XX / 20 1 1

. A petition for the exemption of a requirement of a tolerance for residues of the active ingredient on stored potatoes has been submitted under Tole rance Petition No. 9F7670 and is discussed in this memorandum. EPA is conducting a joint review for these products with Health Canada Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA).

RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

1. The product chemistry submission is ACCEPTA BLE, pending resolution of the deficiencies identified below. MRID 47 942601 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942606: SUPPLEMENTAL MRID 47 942602 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942607 : SUPPLEMENTAL MRID 47 942603: ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942608: ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942604 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 48156401 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942605 : ACCEPTABLE



### a. The applicant must list the flash point in box 9 of the CSF. Refer to the Confidential Appendix for further details.

b. The lower certified limit for the a.i. is incorrect on the CSF. Refer to the Confidential Appendix for further details.

c

. The certified limit s for the impurities are incorrect on the CSF based on the 5

- batch analysis

. Refer to the Confidential Appendix for further details

.
d. The Chemical Abstract Service ( CAS) No. for one the impurities is not listed on the CSF. Refer to the Confidential Appendix for the identity of the impurity.

e. The applicant must submit one year storage stability (OCSPP Guideline No. 830.6317) and corrosion characteristics (OCSPP Guid eline No. 830.6320) studies on the TGAI/MP to satisfy the data requirements.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 3 2. The toxicology submission for the active ingredient is SUPPLEMENTAL

. MRID 47 942609 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942616 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942610 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942617: S UPPLEMENTAL MRID 47 942611: ACCEPTABLE MRID 48422318 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942612 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 48422301: SUPPLEMENTAL MRID 47 942613 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 48422302 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942614 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 48412402 : ACCEPTABLE MRID 47 942615: SUPPLEMENTAL



### a. The Agency considers the information submitted for the developmental toxicity data requirement as UNACCEPTABLE

. The data and rationale submitted are insufficient to fulfill the data requirement. The developmental toxicity data requirement must be fulfilled with developmental toxicity data on 3

- decen

- 2

- one or a chemical that is significantly structurally

similar to 3

- decen

- 2

- one. If data on a surrogate chemical is submitted, scientifically

- credible rationale must also be provide d indicating why the data on the surrogate chemical is suitable for use to fulfill the developmental toxicity data requirement for the pr oposed active ingredient

. 3. The nontarget organism toxicology submission is ACCEPTABLE

. MRID 47 942617 : ACCEPTABLE



### 4. The petition for the exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for 3

- decen

- 2

- one is UNACCEPTABLE.

a. The applicant has petitioned the Agency that the a.i., 3

- decen

- 2

- one, be exempt from the requirement of a tolerance under the Federal, Food, Drug, and Cosmetic s Act (FFDCA). The Agency has determined that there would be dietary risk concerns for the a.i., 3

- decen

2

- one and therefore a blanket tolerance exemption is not supported. Based on the dietary risk assessment conducted by the Agency, a numer ic tolerance would be better suited, however, should the Agency move forward with a numeric tolerance, it is proposed to be set at 0.162 ppm with the caveat of one application only of the product. It should be noted that an acceptable developmental toxic ity data would be required to be submitted as confirmatory data

.

b. In support of a tolerance, the applicant must satisfy all applicable residue data requirements as indicated in 40 CFR 158.2040. This includes all applicable data requirements under the Na ture of the Residue and Magnitude of the Residue sections.

N OTES TO RAL:

1. The a.i. is unstable at elevated temperature and in the presence of iron acetate.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 4 2. The Acute Toxicity data submitted in the applicant’s previous submission place s AMV

- 1018 Technica l in Toxicity Category II for primary eye and dermal irritation, Toxicity Category I II for acute inhalation toxicity, and Toxicity Category IV for acute oral and dermal toxicities.

3. The proposed label Directions for Use will need to change to support the to lerance being set at 0.162 ppm for 3

- decen

- 2

- one. The potatoes cannot be shipped 24 hours post application because the residues will be too high. According to the residue values, the applicant cannot ship the potatoes until 8 days after the first applicati on. If multiple applications are performed (maximum of four applic ations per storage season), the applicant must hold the potatoes for at least 8 days or longer depending on the residue values determined at shipment.

RISK ASSESSMENT AND STUDY SUMMARIES

I

. Active Ingredient Characterization

3

- d ecen

- 2

- one is a new biochemical pesticide active ingredient intended for post harvest use on stored potatoes as a sprout inhibitor. It is a plant growth regulator known to increase tuber respiration rate and seems to interfere with membrane integrity, resulting in increased oxidative stress, desiccation, and rapid necrosis of the meristem and surrounding sprout tissues. The observed effect is primarily mechanical damage to sprout cell membrane, with no affect on th e potato, potato sweetening or processing quality . Based on this information, the Agency considers the mode of action to be nontoxic.

A. Product Chemistry ( MRIDs 47942601

- 47942608 and 48156401 )

With the exception of the deficiencies discussed in the Reco mmendations and Conclusions section above, all product chemistry data requirements h ave been adequately satisfied. The product identity is summarized in Table 1 below. Data submitted to support the product chemistry data requirements are summarized in Tabl e 2 below. Physical and chemical propertie s data are summarized in Table 3 below. Refer to the Confidential Appendix of this memorandum for further details on the product chemistry data submitted.

TABLE 1

. Product Identity for AMV

- 1018 Technical ( 40 CFR § 158.2030 )

Title Data/Information MRID

Trade Name AMV

- 1018 Technical 47942601

Chemical Name 3

- decen

- 2

- one 47942601

CAS No. 10519

- 33

- 2 47942601

Structural Formula O 479426013

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 5 TABLE 1

. Product Identity for AMV

- 1018 Technical ( 40 CFR § 158.2030 )

Title Data/Information MRID

Molecular Formula C 10 H 18 O 47942601
Molecular Weight 154.25 47942601

TABLE 2

. Product Chemistry Data Requirements for AMV

- 1018 Technical ( 40 CFR § 158.2030 )

OCSPP Guideline Reference No./ Study Description of Result MRID

8 8 0. 1100 Product identity and composition The product identi ty and composition were adequately addressed. 47942601

8 8 0. 1200 Description of starting materials, production, and formulation
process The description of the starting materials, production, and formulation process were adequately addressed. 47942602 4794 2603

8 8 0. 1400 Discussion of formation of impurities The discussion of formation of impurities was adequately addressed. 47942604

8 3 0. 1700 Preliminary analysis The preliminary analysis of the product was acceptable. 47942605

8 3 0. 1750 Certified limits The certified limits listed on the CSF are acceptable pending resolution as indicated in

the Recommendations and Conclusions

. 47942606

8 3 0. 1800 Enforcement analytical method The enforcement analytical method was adequately addressed. 47942605

TABLE 3 . Physical and Chemical Properties for AMV

- 1018 Technical ( 40 CFR § 158.2030 )

OCSPP Guideline Reference No./Property Description of Result MRID

830.6302 Color Colorless to pale yellow 47942607

830.6303 Physical State Clear liquid 47942607

830.63 04 Odor Pleasant 47942607

830.6313 Stability to normal and elevated temperatures, metals and metal ions The stability of the active ingredient of the test substance untreated and in presence of metals and metal ions (iron powder, iron acetate, aluminum p owder, and aluminum acetate) stored for 1, 2, 7 and 14 days was

determined at ambient (21

- 23°C) and elevated temperature (54°C). A significant decrease in the concentration of the active ingredient was observed at elevated temperatures for all treatments and with the samples treated with iron acetate at ambient temperature after 7 days. 479426073

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 6 TABLE 3 . Physical and Chemical Properties for AMV

- 1018 Technical ( 40 CFR § 158.2030 )

OCSPP Guideline Reference No./Property Description of Result MRID

830.6315 Flammability Flash point = 91°C From Confidential Statement of Formul a (CSF)

830.6317 Storage Stability An unaudited summary of a one year storage

s tability study show the product to be stable when stored for 12 months ; Una cceptable (See Recommendations and Conclusions) 47942607

830.6319 Miscibility N/A, not an emulsifiable liquid and is not to be diluted with petroleum solvents 47942607

830.6320 Corrosion Characteristics Not expected to be corrosive to the container material ; Unacceptable (See Recommendations and Conclusions) 47942607

830.7000 pH 4.33 of 1% w/w suspension in water at 23°C 47942607

830.7050 UV/Visible light absorption pH λ max (nm) ε (L/mol*cm ) Neutral 229.0 14408.1 Acidic 229.0 16464.7 Alkaline 229.0 9330.6 47942607

830.7100 Viscosity 2.211 mm 2 /s at 25°C 48156401

830.7200 Melting Range N/A, not a solid 47942607

830.7220 Boiling Range 224.0°C 47942607

830.7300 Density/Relative Density/Bulk Density 0.845 g/mL at 20°C 47942607

830.7 520 Particle size, fiber length, and diameter distribution N/A, not insoluble in water and not a fiber 47942607

830.7550 Partition Coefficient (n

- Octanol/ 830.7560 Water)
830.7570 Log P ow = 3.45 47942607

830.7840 Water Solubility 0.140 g/L at 24°C 47942607

830.7950 Vapor Pressure 430 Pa at 25°C 47942608



### II. Human Health Assessment

A. Toxicology (MRIDs 47942609

- 479426 1 8 , 48422301

- 48422 302, and 484124

- 02 )

The data presented in Table 4 , below, are a summary of the toxicity data and information submitted to support the registration of the proposed manufacturing

- use product AMV

- 1018 Technical (EPA File Symbol No. 5481

- LAI), w hich contains 98.0% 3

- decen

- 2

- one as its active ingredient. At this time, all data requirements have been adequately satisfied

.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 7 Table 4 : Mammalian Toxicology Data Requirements for AMV

- 1018 Technical (40 CFR § 158.2050)
Study/ OCSPP Guideline No. Results Toxicity Catego ry/Description MRID
Acute oral toxicity (rat) (870.1100) LD 50 > 5,000 mg / kg body weight in female

rats Toxicity Category IV 47942609
Acute dermal toxicity (rat) (870.1200) LD 50 > 5,000 mg /kg body weight in male and female rats Toxicity Category IV 47942 610
Acute inhalation toxicity (rat) (870.1300) LC 50 0.52

- 2.04 mg/L in male rats and > 2.04 mg/L in female rats Toxicity Category III 47942611
Primary eye irritation (rabbit) (870.2400) One hour after test substance instillation, all three treated eyes exhibited corneal opacity

and conjunctivitis, and two treated eyes exhibited iritis. Severity decreased over time,

with all animals free of ocular irritatio n by

Day 10. Test substance is classified as moderately irritating to the eye. Toxicity Category II 47942612

Primary dermal irritation (rabbit) (870.2500) Animals exhibited severe irritation (severe erythema and moderate edema) through 72 hours post patch removal. Irritation was no longer observed by Day 14. Test substance is

classified as severely irri tating to the skin. Toxicity Category II 47942613

Dermal sensitization (guinea pig) (870.2600) Test substance is not a dermal sensitizer.

- 47942614

90

- Day oral toxicity (870.3100) 5 th percentile NOEL = 0.906 mg/kg/day; NOEL was calculated by plotti ng the cumulative distribution of NOELs for structural class II flavoring agents as defined by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and fitting a lognormal curve to the data. The 5 th percentile

NOEL for the class II flavoring agent s was used to represent an estimated NOEL for unknown chemicals of the structural class with a 95% confidence that any unknown chemical NOEL would be greater than the 5 th percentile NOEL. 3

- decen

- 2

- one is considered a structural class II flavoring agent wit h unknown toxicity and is represented by the 5 th percentile NOEL of 0.906 mg/kg/day. In addition, three similar structur ed compounds had a NOEL of 6.6 to 6.7 mg/kg/day (90

- day oral one dose studies), which indicates that the 5 th percentile NOEL is conserva tive

. Adequate rationale and data from the

literature were submitted to support this data requirement. 47942617 ; 48422301

90

- Day dermal toxicity (870.325 0) Not required. Proposed u ses not to involve purposeful application to human skin and do not result in comparable human exposure to the product. - 479426173

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 8 Table 4 : Mammalian Toxicology Data Requirements for AMV

- 1018 Technical (40 CFR § 158.2050)
Study/ OCSPP Guideline No. Results Toxicity Catego ry/Description MRID

90

- Day inhalation toxicity (870.3465 ) Not required. Repeated inhalation exposure is unlikely due to product being applied by a thermal fog generator in a closed system. Personnel are not allowed in the potato storage facilities during application and evacuation of the product. In addition, any unlikely inhalation exposure will be mitigated on the label by precautionary statements and PPE requirements. - 47942617 ; 48422301

Developmental toxicity (8 70. 3700 ) Information to support data requirement is inadequate.

The applicant submitted rationale to satisfy

the developmental toxicity requirement;

however, the rationale is considered unacceptable l because the information submitted were on chemicals t hat were not considered structurally similar enough to 3

-

decen

- 2

- one to adequately address the developmental toxicity data requirement. UNACCEPTABLE ; Adequate rationale and data from the literature were not submitted to support this data requirement. 47942 617 ; 48422301

Mutagenicity (870.5100, 5300 and 5375)

Mutagenicity

– Tier II (870.5395) Test substance is negative in bacterial reverse mutation assay with and without metabolic activation

. Test substance positive in 24

- hr exposure without m etabolic activation and equivocal results with metabolic activation in an in vitro mammalian gene mutation assay (mouse lymphoma cell). Mouse lymphoma results are

considered equivocal because it is not clear whether the positive results would translate int o an in vivo system based on the increased

osmotic pressure and marked cytotoxicity noted during the experiment

.

Test substance is considered non

- mutagenic

based on in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test assay results. - 4794261 6

47942615

48412402



### 1. Acute Toxicity

All Tier I Human Health Toxicity requirements for Acute Testing were satisfied with studies conducted according to OCSPP Harmonized Test Guidelines. All studies contained s igned and dated Data Confidentiality, Good La boratory Pract ice (GLP) Compliance, and Quality Assurance statements were provided. A Data Evaluation Record (DER) was written for each submitted study (See Memorandum from G. Casciano and C. Walsh thru R. Jones to D. Benmhend dated 12/07/2010). The result s of the Acute Toxicity testing (summarized in Table 4
, above ) place3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 9 AMV

- 1018 Technical in Toxicity Category II for primary eye and dermal irritation, Toxicity Category I II for acute inhalation toxicity, and Toxicity Category IV for acute oral and dermal
t oxicities.

CLASSIFCATION: These data are ACCEPTABLE ; no additional data are required.

2. Subchronic Toxicity

90

- day Oral Toxicity

To satisfy the data requirement for 90

- day oral toxicity, the applicant submitted rationale stating that 3

- decen

- 2

- one: 1) occurs naturally in the diet, 2) is approved for use as a direct food additive by the U. S. FDA, 3) has a simple chemical structure that is metabo lized into innocuous components, 4) has sufficient toxicity data available to identify an animal NOAEL for chr onic oral exposure, and 5) has sufficient toxicology and metabolism data available.

T he applicant cites the natural occurrence of 3

- decen

- 2

- one in skipjack tuna, yogurt, edible porcini mushrooms

, and Iberian ham without report of incident or safety conce rn (Thomas, 1973; Timon et al. 1998; Song et al. 2004; Patrignani et al. 2009)

. In addition, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) reports that 3

- decen

- 2

- one is one of a group of compounds identified in fruits, juices, spices, vegeta bles, cocoa, coffee, and tea (JECFA, 2003). Its use as a synthetic flavoring agent and adjuvant (21 CFR 172. 515) indicates that it ma y be commonly consumed in foods such as baked goods, frozen dairy products, gelatins and puddings, candy, and alcoholic and non

- alcoholic beverages (Burdock, 2010)

. The applicant indicated that the usual level of 3

- decen

- 2

- one addition to baked goods is 9.5 ppm, to candy is 3.5 ppm, and

non

- alcoholic beverages is 2.2 ppm with a maximum addition to these foods of approximately 2x the usual addition level. The applicant also indicated that a possible average daily intake (PADI) for 3

- decen

- 2

- one of 0.029 mg/kg/day derived from assuming that the anticipated average use level in each food category was present in all applicable food categories and an average amount of food from each category was consumed (Munro and Danielewska

- Nikiel, 2006)

.

JE C FA has characterized 3

- decen

- 2

- one as belonging to structural class II flavoring agent. JECFA has also characterized the metabolic pathways of 3

- decen

- 2

- one and determined that metabolism of the chemical results in the production of innocuous metabolites. Specifically, 3

- decen

- 2

- one is reduced to its corresponding alcohol, which is subsequently conjugated with glucuronic acid and excreted (JEF CA, 2003). In the environment, 3

- decen

- 2

- one degrades into the compounds 2

- decanol and 2

- decanone. The Agency ag rees with this characterization (see Figure 1 below for the metabolic pathways for 3

- decen

- 2

- one and similar structured compounds as described by JECFA).3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 10 Figure 1. Metabolic pathways for 3

- decen

- 2

- one and similar

- structured compounds (JECFA, 2003)

Munro et al. (1999) determined a 5 th 

### percentile NOEL to represent structural class I, II , and III flavoring agents as outlined by JECFA. To determ ine a 5 th 

### percentile NOEL for each structural class , the authors gathered toxicological data for 600 substances that represent industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food substances, and environmental and consumer chemicals likely to be encountered in comm erce. The substances that are represented in this database can be found in Munro et al. (1996). The database was intended to be a reference database for evaluating flavoring substances. No acute studies were included in the database, only chronic data, whi ch included subchronic, chronic, reproductive and teratology data obtained from JECFA evaluations, EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the National Toxicology Program (NTP), EPA’s Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity database, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and from published literature. Using this data, the authors calculated a 5 th 

### percentile NOEL by plotting the cumulative distribution of NOELs for3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 11 structural class II flavoring agents as defined by the J EC FA and fitting a lognormal curve to the data. The 5 th 

### percentile NOEL for the class II flavoring agents was used to represent an estimated NOEL for unknown chemicals of the structural class with a 95% confidence that any unknown chemical NOEL would be grea ter than the 5 th 

### percentile NOEL. 3

- decen

- 2

- one is considered a structural class II flavoring agent with unknown toxicity and is represented by the 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 0.906 mg/kg/day. The applicant also noted that three structurally similar compounds, 2

- octen

- 4

- one, 1

- octen

- 3

- one, and 1

- octen

- 3

- ol showed no clinical, hematological, or histopathological effects after 90 day exposure in rats to a single daily dose of 6.6 to 6.7 mg/kg /day of the test substance (JECFA, 2003). The applicant indicated that th e NOEL of 6.6 to 6.7 mg/kg/day for the three similar structured compounds show that the 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 0.906 mg/kg/day used for 3

- decen

- 2

- one is conservative (see Figure 2 below for 90

- day oral study compound structures).

As indicated above, 3

- dec en

- 2

- one degrades into the comp ounds 2

- decanol and 2

- decanone. The primary degradate, 2

- decanol, is considered to be part of structural class I, which has a 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 2.993 mg/kg /day as defined by Munro et al. (1999). 2

- decanol is found in

var iety of foods, including guava, hops, asparagus, and blue cheese (Tressel et al. 1977; Nishimura et al. 1989; Gallios and Langlios, 1990; Eri et al., 2000). Furthermore, 2

- decanol is structurally similar to 1

- decanol, which is approved as a food additive a nd is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance under 21 CFR 172.515 and 40 CFR 180.920, respectively. The secondary degradate, 2

- decanone, is considered to be part of the same structural class II as 3

- decen

- 2

- one, and has the same 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 0.906 mg/kg/day. 2

- decanone is also found in a variety of foods, including milk, cheeses, leeks, and filberts (Kinlin et al. 1972; Schreyen et al., 1976, Gallios and Langlios, 1990; de Frutos et al., 1991; Vasquez

- Landaverde et al. 2005). Both degradates a re considered to be innocuous substances that are metabolized and eliminated in the urine and/or bile and of no toxicological concern.

Figure 2. Compound structures for 3

- decen

- 2

- one and three similar

- structured compounds

O

3

- d ecen

- 2

- one

Structures of compounds on which 90

- day oral toxicity studies were performed:

1

- octen

- 3

- o ne 1

- octen

- 3

- o l 2

- octen

- 4

- one3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 12 T he information provided to fulfill the requirement for 9 0

- day oral toxicity is adequate. No DERs were writt en for 90

- day o ral t oxicity. Please refer to MRID 48422301 and the Memorandum from G. Casciano and C. Walsh thru R. Jones to D. Benmhend dated 12/07/010 for further detail s regarding rationale submitted by the applicant

.

CLASSIFCATION: The rationale is A CCEPTABLE ; additional data and/or information are not required.

90

- day Dermal Toxicity

A 90

- day dermal toxicity study was not submitted and is it not required at this time for the use of 3

- decen

- 2

- one in the proposed EP. Prolonged repeated exposure via t he dermal route is not anticipated because the proposed u ses are not to involve purposeful application to human skin and do not result in comparable human exposure to the product. The proposed use of 3

- decen

- 2

- one by thermal fogging as indicated in the lab el instructions limit the likelihood of significant levels of repeated dermal exposure. Specifically, when 3

- decen

- 2

- one is applied to the stored potatoes via warehouse air circulation systems, the storage facilities remains closed for 24 hours to personne l entry during application. The applicant indicated that the ventilation louvers will be opened after the 24 hour thermal fogging application and based on the ventilation rate of 825

m 3 

### /minute, the total estimated maximum air concentration of 3

- decen

- 2

- one of 10,175 ppm in the warehouse will be evacuated in approximately 2.5 minutes. Although the air will be evacuated within 2.5 minutes following the 24 hour thermal fogging application, a restricted

- entry interval (REI) following thermal fogging must be inc luded on the labels to prevent the possibility of exposure to workers. The draft product label for the EP contain instructions for applicator Personal P rotective Equipment (PPE) which includes: coveralls worn over long sleeve shirt and long pants, socks, c hemical resistant footwear, chemical

- resistant gloves, face shie ld or shielded safety glasses.

No DERs were written for 90

- day d ermal t oxicity. Please refer to MRID 47942617 for further detail regarding rationale submitted by the applicant

.

CLASSIFCATIO N: This waiver request is ACCEPTABLE ; no additional data and/or information are required.

90

- day Inhalation Toxicity

A 90

- day inhalation toxicity study was not submitted. To satisfy the 90

- day inhalation toxicity testing requirements, the applicant has s ubmitte d data waiver rationale stating : 1) workers do not enter the warehouse during the potato treatment process as stated on the current proposed label, 2) 3

- decen

- 2

- one is rapidly released from the ventilation system after each treatment with a3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 13 maximum of 4 treatments per storage season, 3 ) 3

- decen

- 2

- one released from the storage facility vents will be diluted as it disappears in outside air, and 4) repeated inhalation exposure to significant levels of AMV

- 1018 is not expected based on proposed use patte rn.
The applicant estimated the mobility and degradation of 3

- decen

- 2

- one using the QSAR modeling based on the Estimation Programs Interface Model (EPI Su iteTM 4.0). The estimated Henry’s Law of 5.4 x 10 - 4 

### atm· m 3 

### /mol indicates that 3

- decen

- 2

- one has a potential for volatility from water or moist soil. In soil, the estimated K oc 

### of 165.2

– 860.9 L/kg indicates that the active would have medium to low mobility in soil. In water, the estimated log K ow 

### was determined to be 3.28. In the air, atmospheric oxidation by hydroxyl radicals’ reaction is expected to occur with estimated half

- lives of 1.9

– 2.2 hours. The probability of biodegradation of 3

- decen

- 2

- one was evaluated using EPI Su iteTM 4.0 in the BIOWIN module. Various models in the BIOWIN module predicted rapid biodegradation of 3

- decen

- 2

- one

. Based on a total air volume in potato warehouse of 1910 m 3 

### and total applied 3

- decen

- 2

- one of 122,475 g calculated by the applicant, the max imum air concentration of 3

- decen

- 2

- one in warehouse was estimated to be 64.14 mg/L of air. With an estimated ventilation rate of 825 m 3 

### of air/min, the air volume in warehouse will be exchanged within 2.5 minutes when the vents to the outdoors are opened. Thus, the concentration emitted will be rapidly diluted in the outside air.

Based on the above information, t h e 90

- day inhalation toxicity study is not required for the use of 3

- decen

- 2

- one in thermal fogging because label instructions limit the likelih ood of significant levels of repeated inhalation exposure. Specifically, when 3

- decen

- 2

- one is applied to the stored
p otatoes via warehouse air circulation systems

, the storage facilities remains closed for 24 hours to personnel entry during application. T he applicant indicated that the ventilation louvers will be opened after the 24 hour thermal fogging application and based on the ventilation rate of 825

m 3 

### /minute

, the total estimated maximum air concentration of 3

- decen

- 2

- one of 10,175 ppm in the warehou se will be evacuated in approximately 2.5 minutes. Although the air will be evacuated within 2.5 minutes following the 24 hour thermal fogging application, a REI following thermal fogging must be included on the labels to prevent the possibility of exposur e to workers

. In addition, appropriate applicator PPE requirements for inhalation must be included on the labels. The applicant indicated in the response to deficiencies cover letter dated 03/02/2011 that the company, AMVAC, will revise the AMV

- 1018 Techni cal (EPA Reg. No. 5481

- LAI) and AMV

1018 EP (EPA Reg. No. 5481

- LTR) product labels according to the Agency’s requirements and concerns indicated in the Agency letter dated 12/16/2010. The applicant will submit these revised labels upon request by the Agenc y because it is the i r understanding that PMRA do es not prefer revised labels at this time during the application process. The Agency finds the applicant’s response acceptable.

No DERs were written for 90

- day i nhalation t oxicity. Please refer to MRID 48422 301 and the Memorandum from G. Casciano and C. Walsh thru R. Jones to D. Benmhend dated 12/07/2010 for further detail s regarding the waiver request rationale.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 14 CLASSIFCATION: The waiver request is ACCEPTABL E ; additional data and/or information

are not req uired.

3. Developmental Toxicity and Mutagenicity

To satisfy developmental toxicity testing requirements, the applicant has submitted rationale stating that 3

- decen

- 2

- one: 1) occurs naturally in the diet, 2) is approved by the U.S. FDA as a direct food a dditive, 3) is metabolized into innocuous compounds, and 4) has sufficient toxicity data available to identify an animal NOAEL applicable to developmental effects

.

As indicated in the 90

- day oral toxicity section in this memorandum, 3

- decen

- 2

- one was iden tified as a structural class II flavoring agent by JECFA (2003), with a 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 0.906 mg/kg/day calculated by Munro et al. (1999) . The applicant indicated that the 5 th 

### percentile NOEL is applicable to developmental toxicity because the datab ase used to calculate thi s NOEL contained subchronic, chronic

, reproductive

, and teratology (developmental) studies. There were three structural class II substances in the Munro et al. (1996) database that had developmental data: 1) caffeine, 2) ethylhexyl phthalate, mono

- 2

- , and 3) etretinate. Caffeine had a maternal NOEL of 86.6 mg/kg/day and a developmental NOEL of 27.4 mg/kg/day (Collins et al. 1983). Ethylhexyl phtha late, mono

- 2

- had a maternal NO EL of 50 mg/kg/da y with no developmental NO EL determined (Ruddick et al. 1981). Etretinate had no maternal NOE L deter mined, but the developmental NO EL was determined to be 6 mg/kg/day (Agnish et al. 1990). The applicant’s rationale that the NOEL is applicable to developmental toxicity is incorrect and unsupport ed since there were no substances used in the database from Munro et al. (1996) that were structurally similar enough to 3

- decen

- 2

- one ; therefore, the 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 0.906 mg/kg/day cannot be used to satisfy the developmental toxicity requirement.

Munro et al. (1999) also calculated a developmental toxicity 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 3.46 mg/kg/day determined from a list of 100 substances reported to cause developmental abnormalities listed in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH) Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS, 1987). The authors made this developmental toxicity determination based on concerns raised by others commenting on their
paper that the 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 0.906 mg/kg/day was not sensitive enough for specific toxicological endpoints such as developmental effects. This developmental toxicity 5 th 

### percentile NOEL of 3.46 mg/kg/day determined in Munro et al. (1999) cannot be used to satisfy the developmental toxicity data requirement because th ere is no evidence that any of the substances used in the database were structural class II flavoring agents and furthermore, were not structurally similar to 3

- decen

- 2

- one. The information submitted to fulfill the developmental toxicity data requirement i s inadequate and the Agency considers this requirement a data gap.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 15 No DERs were written for the d evelopmental t oxicity . Please refer to MRID 48422301 for the

com plete rationale submitted by the applicant and the Memorandum from G. Casciano and C. Walsh t hru R. Jones to D. Benmhend dated 12/07/2010 for further details regarding the initial rationale submitted by the applicant

.

CLASSIFCATION: The information submitted to support the data requirement is UNACCEPTABLE ; A developmental toxicity study or a mor e robust rationale supported by data on structurally similar compound are required at this time

. The applicant submitted a Tier II in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test guideline study (OCSPP Guideline No: 870.5395) under MRID 484124 02 due to th e equivocal results found in the mouse lymphoma assay under MRID 4794261 5. See the EPA Memorandum from G. Casciano and C. Walsh thr u R. Jones to D. Benmhend dated 12/07/201 0 for further details on the equivocal results of the mouse lymphoma assay.

The te st substance for the study was AMV

- 1018 Technical (EPA File Symbol No. 5481

- LAI)
, containing 98.0% 3

- decen

- 2

- one. The test substance was prepared with c ottonseed oil and the volume administered intraperitoneal to the 5 male and 5 female mice was 10 mL/kg b w. A range finding study was performed prior to the experiment to determine the maximum tolerable dose (MTD). The MTD was determined to be 50 %/kg bw, which is equivalent to an application of 10 mL/kg bw of 5% v/v test item solution. The three dose levels used in the experiment were 1 MTD, 0.5 MTD, and 0.2 MTD, which is equivalent to 50 %/kg bw, 25 %/kg bw, and 10 %/kg bw, respectively. The animals treated with a dose of 0.2 MTD showed no signs of systemic toxicity after treatment, whereas the animals at 1 MTD and 0.5 MTD showed signs of toxicity including reduction of spontaneous activity, prone position, clonic convulsion, ataxia, constricted abdomen, piloerection , half eyelid closure, diarrhea, cramps, and loss of weight. Peripheral blood samples were tak en at 44 and 68 hours after a single application of the test item solution for micronuclei analysis. All mean values of micronuclei were within range or decreased compared to the corresponding negative control in all dose groups. The positive control u sed Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg bw), which showed significant increase in micronucleus frequency and was used to validate the assay. A nonparametric Mann

- Whitney Test was performed and showed no statistically significant increase (p<0.05) of micronuclei cells i n any dose group. The study authors concluded that the test item material, AMV

- 1018 Technical, is non

- mutagenic with respect to clastogenicity and aneugenicity based on the test item material showing no signs of induction of structural or numerical chromos omal damage in the immature erythrocytes of the mice. The Agency is in agreement with the study authors conclusions.

No DERs were written for the in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test guideline study. Plea se refer to MRID 48412402 for further de tail regarding the study

.

CLASSIFCATION: These data are ACCEPTABLE ; no additional data are required.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 16 4. Effects on Endocrine System

EPA is required under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA), as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act ( FQPA) , to develop a screening program to determine whether certain substances (including all pesticide active and other ingredients) “may have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturally

- occurring estrogen, or other such endocr ine effects as the Administrator may designate.” Following the recommendations of its Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC), EPA determined that there was scientific basis for including, as part of the program, the androgen and thyroid hormone systems, in addition to the estrogen hormone system. EPA also adopted EDSTAC’s recommendation that the p rogram include evaluations of potential effects in wildlife. For pesticide chemicals, the Agency will use FIFRA and, to the extent t hat effects in wildlife may help determine whether a substance may have an effect in humans, FFDCA authority to require the wildlife evaluations. As the science develops and resources allow, screening of additional hormone systems may be added to the Endoc rine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP).

The Agency is not requiring information on the endocrine effects of 3

- decen

- 2

- one at this time. The Agency has considered, among other relevant factors, available information concerning whether the active ingredie nt may have an effect on humans similar to an effect produced by naturally

- occurring estrogen or other endocrine effects. Based on the low potential exposure level associated with the proposed use, the Agency expects no incremental adverse effects to the endocrine or immune systems.

B. Dose Response Assessment

N o toxicological endpoints have been identified thus far ; therefore, a dose respon se assessment is not required at this time

.

C. Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Considerations

1 . Dietary Ex posure and Risk Characterization

The most likely human exposure to 3

- decen

- 2

- one will occur via dietary exposure (consumption) to treated potatoes. A residue stud y w as performed on stored potatoes treated with AMV

- 1018 at the 98% a.i. concentration at the maximum application label rate of 0.75 mmol (0.116 g of product per kg of potatoes). The residues were measured in the outer 5 mm layer of the potato (including the peel) for 3

- decen

- 2

- one and its two primary degradates , 2

- decanol and 2

- decanone, from da ys 1

- 61 after application. The residue data is listed in Table 5 below. It should be noted that the residue studies were not ideal and did not mimic true field use. The absence of true data has contributed to the decision that a blanket tolerance exempti on cannot be supported.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 17 Table 5: Residue Data in the Outer 5 mm Layer in Potatoes Treated with 0.75 mmol/kg of AMV

- 1018 (98% a.i.) Days After Treatment 2

- decanone (ppm) 2

- decanol (ppm) 3

- decen

- 2

- one (ppm)
1 0 .819 3.448 5.089 8 0.170 2.694 1.065 16 0 .088 2.313 0.675 24 0.091 1.347 0.444 32 0.052 1.762 0.333 61 0.020 1.065 0.152



### The residue study showed maximum residue levels in the outer 5 mm layer of the potatoes at day 1 of 5

. 089, 3

. 448, and 0. 819 ppm for 3

- decen

- 2

- one, 2

- decanol, and 2

- decanon e, respectively. The maximum residue levels at day 8 were 1.065, 2.694, and 0.170 ppm. The corresponding calculated residue values in the whole potato with peel at day 1 are 0.774, 0.697, and 0.166 ppm and at day 8 are 0.162, 0.545, and 0.034 ppm for 3

- dec en

- 2

- one, 2

- decanol, and 2

- decanone, respectively. These calculated residue values were calculated based on the potato weight divided by the total residues in each potato section on a per gram basis (see MRID 48422301, pages 426

- 429 for further details on how the r esidue values were calculated).

To evaluate acute and chronic dietary exposure based on the calculated residues of 3

- decen

- 2

- one when used as a pesticide on stored potatoes , the Agency conduct ed a Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM) analysis . DEEM is used by the Agency to provide probabilistic assessments of dietary pesticide exposure

. The Agency used the maximum residue measu red at day 1 of 0.774 ppm and at day 8 of 0.162 ppm from a single application of 3

- decen

- 2

- one and a NOEL of 0. 906 mg /kg/day in the DEEM analysis

. The results of the DEEM analysis to calculate the dietary exposure to human populations using the submitted residue values and are listed in Tables 6 and 7 below.

To express risk, the Agency calculated a Margin of Exposure (M OE) for each population subgroup by dividing the point of departure (e.g. NOEL) by the exposure (estimated in DEEM). If the MOE is greater than the Agency’s Level of Concern (LOC) of 1 0 00 (to account for uncertainty factors of 100X and the FQPA safety fact or of 10X ), the dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

-
one on humans when used as a pesticide on stored potatoes is expected to be negligible

. The uncertainty factor (UF) that is generally used is 100, which represents 10X uncertainty factor for interspecies (extrapola tion from animal data to humans) and 10X uncertainty factor for intraspecies (variability of humans).

T he MOE is represented by the equation below:

Point of Departure (e.g. NOEL) MOE =
-------------------------------------- Exposure3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 18 The Agency con ducted this risk assessment because pesticidal residues were found after treatment on stored potatoes, which is a widely consumed commodity. The MOEs for all hu man population subgroups using the day 1 calculated residue value of 0.774 ppm for 3

- decen

- 2

- one are listed in Tables 6 and 7 below.

Table 6: DEEM Acute Analysis for 3

- decen

- 2

- one at day 1 of 0.774 ppm Population Subgroups (age in years) Estimated Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) Margin of Exposure (Level of Concern < 10 0 0) U.S. Population 0.00 1049 8 64 All infants (< 1) 0.000000 N/A Children (1

- 2) 0.000000 N/A Children (3

- 5) 0.000000 N/A Children (6

- 12) 0.000000 N/A Youth (13

- 19) 0.00 0757 1196 Adults (20

- 49) 0.00 0999 908 Adults (50+) 0.00 1262 720 Females (13

- 49) 0.00 0802 1132

Table 7 : DEEM C hronic Analysis for 3

- decen

- 2

- one at day 1 of 0.774 ppm Population Subgroups (age in years) Estimated Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) Margin of Exposure (Level of Concern < 100 0 ) U.S. Population 0.000 126 7 190 U.S. Population (spring season) 0.000136 666 2 U.S. Population (summer season) 0.000 133 68 12 U.S. Population (autumn season) 0.000 104 8 712 U.S. Population (winter season) 0.000 132 68 64 Northwest region 0.000 115 7 878 Midwest region 0.000 13 8 65 65 Southern region 0.000 112 808 9 Western region 0.000 1 44 6 292

Hispanics 0.000 170 53 29 Non

- hispanics whites 0.000 126 719 0 Non

- hispanic blacks 0.000 093 9742 Non

- hispanic/Non

- white/Non

- black 0.000 107 8 467 All infants (< 1) 0.000 019 4 7684 Nursing infants 0.0000 04 2 26500 Non

- nursing infants 0.0000 24 37 750 Children (1

- 6) 0.000 160 56 63 Children (7

- 12) 0.000 106 854 7 Females (13

- 19) not pregnant or nursing 0.000 093 97 42 Females (20+) not pregnant or nursing 0.000 117 77 44 Females (13

- 50) 0.000 112 808 9 Females (13+) pregnant/not nursing 0.000 097 93 40 Female s (13+) nursing 0.000 119 761 3 Males (13

- 19) 0.000 133 6812 Males (20+) 0.000 140 64 71 Seniors (55+) 0.000 144 6 292 Children (1

- 2) 0.000 166 54 583

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 19 Table 7 : DEEM C hronic Analysis for 3

- decen

- 2

- one at day 1 of 0.774 ppm Population Subgroups (age in years) Estimated Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) Margin of Exposure (Level of Concern < 100 0 ) Children (3

- 5) 0.000 171 5 298 Children (6

- 12) 0.000 107 84 67 Youth (13

- 19) 0.000 113 801 8 Adults (20

- 49) 0.000 117 77 44 Adults (50+) 0.000 147 61 63 Females (13

- 49) 0.000 104 87 12



### For the acute dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

- one when used as a pesticide on stored potatoes , MOEs were calculated for five human population subgroups: 720 (adults 50+ yrs), 864 (U.S. populat ion in general), 908 (adults 20

- 49), 1132 (females 13

- 49), and 1196 (youths 13

- 19). All other population subgroups did not have measurable exposures; therefore, MOEs were not applicable. For the chron ic dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

- one , MOEs were calculated f or all human population subgroups as listed in Table 7 above. The MOEs ranged from 5 298 (children 3

- 5 years) to 2 26500 (nursing infants). The acute dietary risk has three subpopulations that are below the Agency’s LOC of 1000: adults 50+ years, the U.S. po pulation in general, and adults 20

- 49. The chronic dietary risk has MOEs of all subpopulations over 1000. Based on the acute dietary risk analysis which resulted in MOEs that are lower than 1000 for three subpopulations and MOEs just above the Agency’s LO C for two other populations , the Agency cannot make a safety finding at a residue level of 0.774 ppm

. The proposed label language indicating that potatoes may be shipped one day post

- application must be revised as there are dietary risk concerns regarding consumption of treated potatoes one

- day post application.

Due to the acute dietary risk concern at day 1, the Agency performed another DEEM analysis using the day 8 calculated residue value of 0.162 ppm from one application of 3

- decen

- 2

- one

. The MOEs fo r all human population subgroups using the day 8 calculated residue value of 0.162 ppm for 3

- decen

- 2

- one are listed in Tables 8 and 9 below.

Table 8: DEEM Acute Analysis for 3

- decen

- 2

- one at day 8 of 0.162 ppm Population Subgroups (age in years) Estimate d Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) Margin of Exposure (Level of Concern < 1000) U.S. Population 0.000219 4137 All infants (< 1) 0.000000 N/A Children (1

- 2) 0.000000 N/A Children (3

- 5) 0.000000 N/A Children (6

- 12) 0.000000 N/A Youth (13

- 19) 0.000158 5734 Adults (20

- 49) 0.000209 4335 Adults (50+) 0.000264 3432 Females (13

- 49) 0.000168 53933

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 20 Table 9: DEEM Chronic Analysis for 3

- decen

- 2

- one at day 8 of 0.162 ppm Population Subgroups (age in years) Estimated Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) Margin of Expo sure (Level of Concern < 1000) U.S. Population 0.000026 34846 U.S. Population (spring season) 0.000028 32357 U.S. Population (summer season) 0.000028 32357 U.S. Population (autumn season) 0.000022 41182 U.S. Population (winter season) 0.000028 32357 Northwest region 0.000024 37750 Midwest region 0.000029 31241 Southern region 0.000023 39391 Western region 0.000030 30200

Hispanics 0.000036 25167 Non

- hispanics whites 0.000026 34846 Non

- hispanic blacks 0.000020 45300 Non

- hispanic/Non

- white/Non

- bla ck 0.000022 41182 All infants (< 1) 0.000004 226500 Nursing infants 0.000001 906000 Non

- nursing infants 0.000005 181200 Children (1

- 6) 0.000033 27455 Children (7

- 12) 0.000022 41182 Females (13

- 19) not pregnant or nursing 0.0000 19 47684 Females (20+) not pregnant or nursing 0.000 024 37750 Females (13

- 50) 0.000 023 39391 Females (13+) pregnant/not nursing 0.000 020 45300 Females (13+) nursing 0.000 025 36240 Males (13

- 19) 0.000 028 32357 Males (20+) 0.000 029 31241 Seniors (55+) 0.000 030 30200 Childr en (1

- 2) 0.000 035 25886 Children (3

- 5) 0.000 036 25167 Children (6

- 12) 0.000 022 41182 Youth (13

- 19) 0.000 024 37750 Adults (20

- 49) 0.000 024 37750 Adults (50+) 0.000 031 29226 Females (13

- 49) 0.000 022 41182



### For the acute dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

- one when used as a pesticide on stored potatoes, MOEs were calculated for five human population subgroups: 3432 (adults 50+ yrs), 4137 (U.S. population in general), 4335 (adults 20

- 49), 5393 (females 13

- 49), and 5734 (youths 13

- 19). All other population subgro ups did not have measurable exposures; therefore, MOEs were not applicable. For the chronic dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

- one, MOEs were calculated for all human population subgroups as listed in Table 9 above. The MOEs ranged from 25167 (children 3

- 5 years) t o 906000 (nursing infants). As indicated in Tables 8 and 9 above, the MOEs for both acute and chronic dietary risk are significantly greater than 1000 (with all chronic MOEs being at least an order

- of

- magnitude greater), which indicates that there are no f oreseeable dietary risks to humans and sensitive subpopulations, including infants and children, from the use of 3

- decen

- 2

- one as a pesticide on stored potatoes at the day 8 calculated residue value of 0.162 ppm.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 21 The proposed label submitted with the app lication indicates a max imum reapplication of the product of four times per storage season. The applicant also indicated the preference for 7

- day application intervals. Using the day 8 calculated residue value for 3

- decen

- 2

- one of 0.162 ppm, the Agency mu ltiplied this value by four, which equals 0.648 ppm, and performed a DEEM analysis to determine if there are still no foreseeable dietary risks to humans and sensitive subpopulations, including infants and children. The MOEs for all human population subgro ups using the day 8 calculated residue value of 0.648 ppm (day 8 residue data times four applications) for 3

- decen

- 2

- one are listed in Tables 10 and 11 below.

Table 10: DEEM Acute Analysis for 3

- decen

- 2

- one at day 8 (times four applications) of 0. 648 ppm Population Subgroups (age in years) Estimated Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) Margin of Exposure (Level of Concern < 1000) U.S. Population 0.000 878 1032 All infants (< 1) 0.000000 N/A Children (1

- 2) 0.000000 N/A Children (3

- 5) 0.000000 N/A Children (6

- 12) 0.000000 N/A Youth (13

- 19) 0.000 634 1429 Adults (20

- 49) 0.000 836 1084 Adults (50+) 0.00 1056 858 Females (13

- 49) 0.000 671 1350

Table 11: DEEM Chronic Analysis for 3

- decen

- 2

- one at day 8 (times four applications) of 0. 648 ppm Population Subgroups (age in years) Estimated Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) Margin of Exposure (Level of Concern < 1000) U.S. Population 0.000 105 8629 U.S. Population (spring season) 0.000 114 7947 U.S. Population (summer season) 0.000 111 8162 U.S. Population (autumn season ) 0.000 087 10414 U.S. Population (winter season) 0.000 110 8236 Northwest region 0.000 096 9438 Midwest region 0.000 116 7810 Southern region 0.000 094 9638 Western region 0.000 120 7550

Hispanics 0.000 142 6380 Non

- hispanics whites 0.000 106 8547 Non

- his panic blacks 0.000 078 11615 Non

- hispanic/Non

- white/Non

- black 0.000 089 10180 All infants (< 1) 0.000 016 56625 Nursing infants 0.000 003 30200 0 Non

- nursing infants 0.000 020 45300 Children (1

- 6) 0.000 134 6761 Children (7

- 12) 0.000 089 10180 Females (13

- 1 9) not pregnant or nursing 0.000 078 11615 Females (20+) not pregnant or nursing 0.000 098 9245 Females (13

- 50) 0.000 094 9638 Females (13+) pregnant/not nursing 0.000 081 111853

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 22 Table 11: DEEM Chronic Analysis for 3

- decen

- 2

- one at day 8 (times four applications) of 0. 648 ppm Population Subgroups (age in years) Estimated Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) Margin of Exposure (Level of Concern < 1000) Females (13+) nursing 0.000 100 9060 Males (13

- 19) 0.000 111 8162 Males (20+) 0.000 117 7744 Seniors (55+) 0.000 120 7550 Children (1

- 2) 0.000 139 6518 Children (3

- 5) 0.000 143 6336 Children (6

- 12) 0.000 090 10067 Youth (13

- 19) 0.000 095 9537 Adults (20

- 49) 0.000 098 9245 Adults (50+) 0.000 123 7366 Females (13

- 49) 0.000 087 10414



### For the acute dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

- one when used as a pesticide on stored potatoes, MOEs were calculated for five human population subgroups: 858 (adults 50+ yrs), 1032 (U.S. population in general), 1084 (adults 20

- 49), 1350 (females 13

- 49), and 1429 (youths 13

- 19). All other population subgroups did not have measurable exposures; therefore, MOEs were not applicable. For the chronic dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

- one, MOEs were calculated for all human population subgroups as listed in Table 11 above. The MOEs ranged from 6336 (children 3

- 5 years) to 30200 0 (nursing infants). The acute dietary risk analysis resulted in and MOE for one subpopulation, adults 50+ years, that is below the Agency’s LOC of 1000. The other acute subpopulations that had measurable exposures had MOEs from 1032 to 1429. The chronic dietary risk analysis resulted in MOEs for all subpopulations over 1000. Because the acute dietary risk analysis resulted in one MOE less than 1000 for one subpopulation (adults 50+ years), and MOEs just sl ightly greater than 1000 for four other subpopulations, the Agency cannot make a safety finding at the day 8 residue of 0.162 ppm with application intervals and four applications (the number of applications per storage season as allowed by the proposed lab el)

. Based on the DEEM analysis data and calculated MOEs as indicated in Tables 6

- 11 above, the Agency has determined that there are no foreseeable dietary risks to humans and sensitive subpopulations, including infants and children, from the use of 3

- dec en

- 2

- one as a pesticide on stored potatoes at the day 8 calculated residue value of 0.162 ppm. In addition, all estimated acute and chronic dietary exposure at the 0.162 ppm as indicated in Tables 8 and 9 above are significantly less (by at least two order

- of

- magnitudes) than the calculated PADI of 0.029 mg/kg/day for 3

- decen

- 2

- one as a food additive.

2

. Drinking Water Exposure and Risk Characterization

Significant exposure via drinking water is not expected when 3

- decen

- 2

- one is used according to label instructions. Products containing this active ingredient are intended for indoor use as a3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 23 sprout inhibitor on stored potatoes and are not to be applied directly to water or to areas where surface water is present.

3

. Acute and Chronic Dietary Risks for Sensitive Subpopulations Particularly Infants and Children

For the acute dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

- one when used as a pesticide on stored potatoes, MOEs were not calculated for any infant or children subpopulation because there were no measurable
exp osures. All acute dietary exposures as estimated by DEEM were 0.000000 mg/kg/day as indicated in Table s 6 , 8, and 10 above; therefore, a dietary risk assessment was not necessary.

For the chronic dietary risk of 3

- decen

- 2

- one, MOEs were calculated for al l infant and children subpopulations as indicated in Table s 7 , 9, and 11 above . The MOEs ranged from 25167 (children 3

- 5 years) to 906000 (nursing infants) for the day 8, one application calculated residue value of 0.162 ppm. The MOEs for chronic dietary r isk to infants and children are significantly greater than the Agency’s LOC of 100 0 (by at least an order

- of

- magnitude)

, which indicates that there are no foreseeable chronic dietary risks to sensitive human subpopulations, including infants and children, from the use of 3

- decen

- 2

- one as a pesticide on stored potatoes at the calculated residue value of 0.162 ppm

. Based on the DEEM analysis data and calculated MOEs as indicated in Tables 6

- 11 above, acute or chronic dietary risks to sensitive subpopulations , including infants and children, from the use of 3

- decen

- 2

- one as a pesticide on stored potatoes at the day 8 , one application calculated residue value of 0.162 ppm seem negligible

. The FQPA safety factor of 10X is being applied to the use of 3

- decen

- 2

- on e to be protective of developmental toxicity as the information submitted for the data requirement is considered unacceptable

. In addition, all estimated acute and chronic dietary exposure at the 0.162 ppm as indicated in Tables 8 and 9 above are significa ntly less (by at least two order

- of

- magnitudes) than the calculated PADI of 0.029 mg/kg/day for 3

- decen

- 2

- one as a food additive.

D. Occupational, Residential, School and Day Care Exposure and Risk Characterization

1

. Occupational Exposure and Risk Ch aracterization

Significant occupational exposure is not expected when 3

- decen

- 2

- one is used according to label instructions. Products containing this active ingredient are intended for indoor use as a sprout inhibitor on stored potatoes. The application m ethod is a thermal fog generator in a closed system. The end

- use product is fogged into the storage area by way of the ventilation ducts and

re

- circulated through the air by the ventilation system for 24 hours. After the re

- circulation is complete, the ven tilation louvers will be opened and the air in the storage area will be evacuated to the outside. The only occupational exposure expected is the handling of the product prior to3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 24 application, which is mitigated by appropriate precautionary statements and PP E requirements listed on the label. This will include instructions for applicator PPE, which includes: coveralls worn over long sleeve shirt and long pants, socks, chemical resistant footwear, chemical

- resistant gloves, face shie ld or shielded safety glass es, and appropriate PPE for potential exposure via the inhalation route . The applicant indicated that the ventilation louvers will be opened after the 24 hour thermal fogging application an d based on the ventilation rate, the total estimated maximum air co ncentration of 3

- decen

- 2

- one in the warehouse will be evacuated in approximately 2.5 minutes. Although the air will be evacuated within 2.5 minutes following the 24 hour thermal fogging application, a REI following thermal fogging must be included on the l abels to prevent the possibility of exposure to workers.

2

. Residential, School and Day Care Exposure and Risk Characterization

Exposure to 3

- decen

- 2

- one is not expected i n residential, school, and day care areas, as the end

use product containing this active ingredient is intended for use as a sprout inhibitor on stored potatoes in a closed system

.

E. Aggregate Exposure from Multiple Routes Including Dermal, Oral, and Inhalation

There is reasonable certainty that no harm to the U.S. population will r esult from aggregate exposure to 3

- decen

- 2

- one. This includes all exposures for which there is reliable information. The Agency arrived at this conclusion based on the pesticide’s highly specific mode of action as

a sprout inhibitor and the l o w toxicity t o mammalian systems , except for it being a n eye and skin irritant

. Based on the proposed use pattern that the product will be a sprout inhibitor on stored potatoes in a closed system, there will be insignificant dermal and inhalation exposure during applic ation. Based on the above information, t he risk from aggregate exposure (via oral, dermal

, and inhal ation exposures) is negligible.

F. Cumulative Effects

EPA has considered the potential for cumulative effects of 3

- decen

- 2

- one and other substances in rel ation to a common mechanism of toxicity. However, because of its low toxicity to mammalian system, except for it being an eye and skin irritant

, and its nontoxic mode of action, the Agency does not expect any cumulative or incremental effects from exposure to residues of 3

- decen

- 2

- one when applied/used as directed on the label and in accordance with good agricultural practices.

G. Risk Characterization

The Agency considered human exposure to 3

- decen

- 2

- one in light of the relevant safety factors in FQPA a nd FIFRA. A determination has been made that no unreasonable adverse effects to the3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 25 U.S. population in general, and to infants and children in particular, will result from the use of 3

- decen

- 2

- one when the residue levels of 3

- decen

- 2

- one are at or below 0. 162 ppm.

III. Environmental Assessment

A. Nontarget Organism Toxicology (MRID 47942617)

The nontarget organism data requirements for 3

- decen

- 2

- one are waived based on the proposed indoor use pattern. 3

- decen

- 2

- one is proposed for used in end

- use formula tions that are applied in indoors only as sprout inhibitors on potatoes. The end

- use formulations will be introduced and dispersed as a vapor through air circulation systems in potato storage warehouse facilities and is not expected to be available to nont arget organisms. Based on the indoor use pattern, exposure of 3

- decen

- 2

- one to nontarget organisms is expected to be minimal. In addition, the end

- use formulations do not contain any impurities or inert ingredients that are of toxicological concern
to nont arget organisms. The information presented in Table 1 2 below is a summary of nontarget organism information submitted to support the proposed TGAI/MP, AMV

- 1018 Technical.

Table 1 2 : Nontarget Organism Toxicity Data Requirements for AMV

- 1018 Technical (40 C FR § 158.2060)
Study/ OCSPP Guideline No. Results Toxicity Category/Description MRID
Avian acute oral toxicity (850.2100) Adequate information to support data requirement: significant exposure to birds is not expected due to the proposed indoor use only as a sprout inhibitor on potatoes. In addition, 3

- decen

- 2

- one is applied and released as a vap or and is not expected to be available to birds via the oral route. Significant exposure not expected 47942617

Avian dietary toxicity (850.2200) Adequate informa tion to support data requirement: significant exposure to birds is not expected due to the proposed indoor use only as a sprout inhibitor on potatoes. In addition, 3

- decen

- 2

- one is applied and released as a vap or and is not expected to be available to bird s via the oral route. Significant exposure not expected 47942617

Aquatic invertebrate acute toxicity

, freshwater (850.1010) Adequate information to support data requirement: significant exposure to aquatic invertebrates is not expected due

to the propose d indoor use only as a sprout inhibitor on potatoes. In addition, 3

- decen

- 2

- one is applied and released as

a vapor and is not expected to enter surface water in amounts sufficient to impact aquatic life. Significant exposure not expected 479426173

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 26 Table 1 2 : Nontarget Organism Toxicity Data Requirements for AMV

- 1018 Technical (40 C FR § 158.2060)
Study/ OCSPP Guideline No. Results Toxicity Category/Description MRID

F ish acu te toxicity, freshwater (850.1075) Adequate information to support data requirement: significant exposure to fish is not expected due to the proposed indoor use only as a sprout inhibitor on potatoes. In addition, 3

- decen

- 2

- one is applied and released as a vapor and is not expected to enter surface water in amounts sufficient to impact aquatic life. Significant exposure not expected 47942617

Terrestrial plant toxicity, Seedling emergence/Vegetative vigor (850.4 1 00 and 850.4150 ) Adequate information to supp ort data requirement: significant exposure to terrestrial plants is not expected due to the proposed indoor use only as a sprout

inhibitor on potatoes. In addition, 3

- decen

- 2

- one is applied and released as a vapor during winter months when terrestrial plan ts are generally dormant and when seedlings are not emerging. Significant exposure not expected 47942617

Nontarget insect testing (880.4350) Adequate information to support data requirement: significant exposure to

insects is not expected due to the
propo sed indoor use only as a sprout inhibitor on potatoes. In addition, 3

- decen

- 2

- one is applied and released as a vapor during winter months when nontarget insects are generally dormant. Significant exposure not expected 47942617



### B. Environmental Fate and G roundwater Data

The need for environmental fate and groundwater data is not required based on the proposed indoor use pattern of 3

- decen

- 2

- one and the information submitted for the nontarget organism toxicology data requirements, which did not trigger add itional Tier I studies. The applicant did submit information that estimated the physical and chemical properties for 3

- decen

- 2

- one by using QSAR modeling based on the Estimation Programs Interface Model (EPI SuiteTM 4.0). The estimated Henry’s Law of 5.4 x 10 - 4 

### atm· m 3 

### /mol indicates that 3

- decen

- 2

- one has a potential for volatility from water or moist soil. In soil, the estimated K oc 

### of 165.2

– 860.9 L/kg indicates that the active w ould have medium to low mobility in soil. In water, an estimated log K ow 

### of 3.28 and an estimated bioconcentration factor ( BCF ) of 67.41 L/kg wet

- wt indicate that bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms is unlikely. In the air, atmospheric oxidation by hydrox yl radicals’ reaction is expected to occur with estimated half

- lives of 1.9

– 2.2 hours. The probability of biodegradation of 3

- decen

- 2

- one was evaluated using EPI SuiteTM 4.0 in the BIOWIN module. Various models in the BIOWIN module predicted rapid biodegradation of 3

- decen

- 2

- one

. Based on a total air volume in potato warehouse of 1910 m 3 

### and total applied 3

- decen

- 2

- one of 122,4753

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 27 g calculated by the applicant, t he maximum air concentration of 3

- decen

- 2

- one in warehouse was estimated to be 64.14 mg/L of air. With an estimated ventilation rate of 825 m 3 

### of air/min, the air volume in warehouse will be exchanged within 2.5 minutes when the vents to the outdoors are

o pened. Thus, the concentration emitted will be rapidly diluted in the outside air , which further demonstrates insignificant exposure to nontarget organisms

.

C. Ecological Exposure and Risk Characterization

Significant exposure and risk to nontarget org anisms is not expected because of the proposed indoor use pattern as a sprout inhibitor on potatoes for 3

- decen

- 2

- one. The end

- use formulations will be introduced and dispersed as a vapor through air circulation systems in potato storage warehouse faciliti es and is not expected to be available to nontarget organisms. In addition, the estimated ventilation rate of 825 m 3 

### of air/min in the potato storage warehouse facilities will exchange the air volume in the warehouse within 2.5 minutes when the vents to th e outdoors are opened ; therefore , the concentration emitted will be rapidly diluted in the outside air.

D. Endangered Species Assessment

Tier I studies were not submitted for 3

- decen

- 2

- one, but are not required. Based on its use pattern and use instructi ons as a sprout inhibitor on stored potatoes intended for use in indoor, enclosed potato storage facilities, exposure to nontarget organisms is not expected. Based on its use pattern and use instructions, EPA has determined 3

- decen

- 2

- one will have “ No Effe ct ” on any currently listed threatened or endangered species or any designated critical habitat.

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Agnish, N.D., F.M. Vane, G. Rusin, B. DiNardo, T. Dashman. 1990. Teratogenicity of etretinate during early pregnancy in the rat and its cor relation with maternal plasma concentrations of the drug. Teratology Vol. 42(1): 25

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Burdock, G.A. 2010. Fenaroli’s Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. CRC Press. 397.

Collins, T.F.X., J.J. Welsh, T.N. Black, D.I. Ruggles. 1983. A study of the teratogenic potential of caffeine ingested in drinking

- water. Food Chem. Toxic. Vol 21(6): 763

- 777.

De Frutos, M., J. Sanz, I. Martinez

- Castro. 1991. Characterization of artisanal cheeses by GC and GC/MS analysis of their medium volatility (SDE) fraction. J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 39(3): 524

- 530.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 28 Eri, S., B.K. Khoo, J. Lech, T.G. Hartman. 2000. Direct thermaldesorption

- gas chromatography and gas chromatography

- mass spectrometry profiling of hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils in support of varietal characterizat ion. J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 48(4): 1140

- 1149.

Gallois, A. and D. Langlios. 1990. New results in the volatile odorous compounds of French cheeses. Lait. Vol. 70: 89

- 106.

J ECFA . 2003. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Food Additives Series 50. Secondary alcohols, ketones, and related esters. International Programme on Chemical Safety.

Kinlin, T.E., R. Muralidhara, A.O. Pittet, A. Sanderson, J.P. Walradt. 1972. Volatile components of roasted filberts. J. Agr ic . Food Chem. Vol. 20(5): 1021

- 1028.

Munro, I.C., R.A. Ford, E. Kennepohl, and J. G. Sprenger. 1996. Correlation of structural class with no

- observed

- effect levels: a proposal for establishing a threshold of concern. Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 34: 829

- 867.

Munro, I.C., E . Kennepohl, and R. Kroes. 1999. A procedure for the safety evaluation of flavoring substances. Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 37: 207

- 232.

Munro, I. and B. Danielewska

- Nikiel. 2006. Comparison of estimated daily intakes of flavoring substances with n o

- observed effect levels. Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 44: 758

- 809.

Nishimura, O., K. Yamaguchi, S. Mihara, T. Shibamoto. 1989. Volatile constituents of guava fruits ( Psidium guajava L.) and canned puree. J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 37(1): 139

- 142.

P atrignani, F., P. Burns, D. Serrazanetti, G. Vinderola, J. Reinheimer, R. Lanciotti, M.E. Guerzoni. 2009. Suitability of high pressure

- homogenized milk for production of probiotic fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus acidophi lus . J. Dairy Research. Vol. 76: 74

- 82.

Ruddick, J.A., D.C. Villeneuve, I. Chu, E. Nestmann, D. Miles. 1981. An assessment of the teratogenicity in the rat and mutagenicity in Salmonella of mono

- 2

- ethylhexyl phthalate. Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. Vol . 27: 181

- 186.

Schreyen, L., F. Dirinck, V. Wassenhove, N. Schamp. 1976. Volatile flavor components of leek. J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 24(2): 336

- 341.3

- decen

- 2

- one DP Number: 387847 PC Code: 068403 EPA File Symbol No.: 5481

- LAI Type of Review: Product Chemistry, Human Health Toxicity, Nontarget Organisms



### 29 Song, X., T. Hirata, T. Kawai, N. Niizeki, M. Sakaguchi. 2004. Volatile compounds in the hepatic tissu es of common carp, Japanese flounder, Spanish mackerel and skipjack. More Efficient Utilization of Fish and Fisheries Products: 209

- 222.

Thomas , A.F. 1973. An analysis of the flavor of dried mushroom, Boletus edulis. J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 21: 955

- 958

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Timon , M.L, Ventanas, J., Martin, L., Tejada, J.F., Garcia, C. 1998. Volatile compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of Iberian ham. J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 46: 5143

- 5150.

Tressel, R., D. Bahri, M. Holzer, T. Kossa. 1977. Formation of fla vor components in asparagus. J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 25(3): 459

- 463.

U.S. EPA. 2010. Memorandum from Gina M. Casciano and Colin G. Walsh thru Russell S. Jones to Driss Benmhend . Revised Hazard Assessment for Tier I Human Health Toxicity in Support of th e Registration of AMV

- 1018 Technical , Containing 3

- decen

- 2

- one as its Active Ingredient (Amends EPA Memorandum from G. Casciano and C. Walsh through R. Jones to D. Benmhend dated June 16, 2010). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Prog rams. December 7, 2010

. U.S. EPA. 2011. Memorandum from Colin G. Walsh thru Angela L. Gonzales to John Fournier. Joint Science Review with Health Canada Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) in Support of the Registration of AMV

- 1018 EP (EPA File Symbo l No. 5481

- LTR), an End

- Use Product (EP), Containing 98.0% of 3

- decen

- 2

- one as its Active Ingredient . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. November 8, 2011

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Vasquez

- Landaverde, P.A., G. Velasquez, J.A. Torres, M.C. Qian. 2005 . Quantitative determination of thermally derived off

- flavor compounds in milk using solid

- phase microextraction and gas chromatography. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 88: 3764

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cc: C. Walsh

, A. Gonzales

, J. Fournier, BPPD Science Review File , IHAD/ARS C. Wal sh , Biologist, FT, PY

- S : 1 2 / 20 /201 1