April 25 , 20 1 1

Richard H. Maruya Report No. 201 1 041

- LR A.S. Trust & Holdings SCE No. # 431 44

- 129 Mikiola Drive Keneohe, HI 96744
Subject: Refrigerant HCR188C/R441A Flammable Properties Dear Mr

. Maruya : In response to your request and in reference to SCE quote #884 , Safety Consulting Engineers, Inc. (SCE ) conducted a series of tests to determine the specific flammable properties of the refrigerant blend designated as HCR188C/R441A

. Scope The refrigeran t blend HCR188C/R441A is a mixture of four specific components: ethane, propane, isobutane, and butane and it has its composition defined as:

R170/290/600a/600 (3.1/ 54.8/ 6.0/ 36.1 by wt.%) The specific flammable properties sought out for this blen d were : maximum pressure rise (P max), maximum rate of pressure rise (dP/dt max) , minimum ignition energy (MIE) and burning velocity. Explosion severity test for vapor and gases was conducted to determine Pmax and dP/dt max. MIE was determined based on ASTM E582

- 07

“Standard Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy and Quenching Distance in



# Safety Consulting Engineers, Inc. A Chilworth Technology Company 

### 2131 Hammond Drive Schaumburg, Illinois 60173 Phone: (847) 925-8100, Fax: (847) 925 - 8120, Email: sceinc@sceinc.com Website: www.sceinc.comClient : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

2 Gaseous Mixtures” , and burning velocity was determined according to ASHRAE Standard 34

- 2010 “ Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants”

. Summary of Resul ts Properties of HCR188C/R441A determined in this study:

Pmax – 114 psi (7.9 bars) dP/dt max – 6180 psi/sec K G – 116 bar*m/sec MIE

– 0.32 mJ BV

– 47.6 cm/sec (burning velocity)
Explosion Severity Test This test method is designed to determine the deflagration parameters of a combustible vapor/gas

- air mixture within a spherical closed vessel of 4

- liter or greater volume. The pressure/time curve is recorded on a suitable piece of equipment. The parameters measured are maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise. Significance and Use The data developed by this test method may be used for the purpose of sizing deflagration vents in conjunction with the published in NFPA 68 code, ISO 6184/1, or VDI 3673. The values obtained by this testing technique are specific to the sample tested and the methods used, and are not to be considered intrinsic material constants. It is intended that results obtained by application of this test be used as elements of an explosion risk assessment that takes in to account other pertinent risk factors in the specification of explosion prevention systems. Terminology
Pmax is the maximum pressure reached during the course of a deflagration for the optimum concentration of the vapor/gas tested. (dP/dt) max is the maximum rate of pressure rise during the course of a single deflagration test. It is measured at the optimum vapor/gas concentration. Kg is known as deflagration index and is the maximum dP/dt normalized to a 1.0 m 3 volume. Kg = (dP/dt) max x V 1/3

Where :Client : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

3 V= volume of vessel (m 3) (dP/dt) max is expressed in bar/sec Kg is expressed in bar·m/sec Test Setup The test apparatus consisted of a Bureau of Mines (BOM) 20

- liter combustion test chamber, a vacuum pump, heating jacket (if applicable), an ignition tri gger system, and a computer based data acquisition system. The test chamber is semi

- spherical in shape. Other ports are machined and threaded to support a rupture disk assembly, the ignition source, instrumentation (piezoelectric pressure transducer and temperature probe) and mixing assembly. The BOM 20

- L Chamber volume complies with ASTM E 2070

- 07, “ Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors 1 ” , NFPA 68” Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagrating Venting” (2007 Edition) and ASTM E1226

- 10, “Standard Test Method for Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts.” Upon completion of test set up, a leak test was performed by pressurizing the combustion chamber with nitrogen (or air) and then isolating it. A drop in the chamber pressure (if any) would indicate a leak. The chamber pressure was monitored for satisfactory leak test. The chamber also was tested for satisfactory conditions under vacuum. Test Procedure The 20

- liter chamber was conditi oned to the desired test temperature (in this case ambient) . The required gas cylinders of, nitrogen and air were conditioned at room temperature. For each test, the condition of the chamber is inspected for residue from the prior test being released int o the fume hood. If soot formation was noticed, the chamber was cleaned with fine metal wool and purged several times with nitrogen or air. Then the igniter was secured on the extended spark plug electrodes. The spark plug (with igniter) was mounted on t he chamber and tightened to seal the chamber. The release (vent) gas port valve was opened and the chamber was purged with air gas. The chamber was then evacuated to approximately minus 13

- 14 psig. A measured amount of gaseous sample (by volume ) was injected into chamber via the small sample port. The sample tested had a composition of liquid phase of the HCR188C/R441A refrigerant. Air was than added to bring the chamber to the atmospheric pressure level. About two minutes soak/mixing time was allowed for mixing of the vapor and air gas mixture.Client : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

4 The power supply leads were connected to electrodes and the electrodes shunt wire was removed. The data recording acquisition system was turned on. From a remote area behind a barricaded wall, the igniter was activated and the pressure of the chamber was recorded for further analysis. The pressure trace was analyzed for the development of the maximum reaction pressure, pressure rise rate output. After each test, the combustion chamber was vented. Then t he spark plug assembly was removed and the chamber purged with a large amount of compressed air to clean out any remaining combustion residues as noted earlier. Successive tests were conducted at various concentrations to determine the maximum pressure output. Additional tests were conducted at one level below and one level above the sample concentration for maximum pressure output to confirm the results. Ignition/reactions of the mixtures were indicated by a sharp increase in pressure and/or temperatu re. The general criterion for flame propagation/reaction is stated below. Pressure rise due to igniter (if any) was subtracted from mixture reaction pressure. Criterion for Flame Propagation Using the definition from ASTM E918

- 83 (Reapproved 2005) “Standard Practice for Determining Limits of Flammability of Chemicals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure” and ASTM E 2070

- 07, “ Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors 1 ,” a propagation of flame is said to occu r when a combustion reaction produces at least a 7% rise of the initial absolute pressure. This pressure increase amounts to a 1 psia per atmosphere from the “initial” test pressure. The mixture in the chamber was considered flammable when the absolute pressure response of the reaction was greater t han 1.07 times initial pressure. Therefore, the 7% rise criteria as used in these methods can be expressed as:

) pressure initial absolute ( Pi )

pressure reaction absolute ( Pr ≥ 1.07

Test Results Explosion severity test results for refrigerant HCR188C/R441A are shown in Table 1.Client : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

5 Table1 Explosion Severity Test Results Sample

– Refrigerant HCR188C/R441A liquid phase Ambiant Temp.

- 23 oC Igniter

– Chemical, De La Mare (61 J) RH

– 23% Barometric Pressure

– 763 mm Hg

Trial Sample Amount (mL ) Concentration

(vol %) Pressure

(psi) Pressure

Rise (psi/sec) 1 1000 5.0 104 3,572 .0 2 1400 7.0 72 352.0 3 600 3.0 103 4,555.0 4 800 4.0 117 7,313.0 5 700 3.5 114 6,673.0 6 90 0 4.5 112 4,185.0 Overall Results Pmax

– 114 psi (7.9 bars) (avg of 4,5,6 ) dP/dt max

– 6,180.0 psi/sec (avg of 4,5,6) Deflagration Index K G – 116 bar* m/sec
As a reference run pure propane was also tested in the same setup/equipment. The P max for propan e was determined to be 7.9 bars. The pressure rise rate was 6,020.7 psi/sec, and resulting K G – 113 bar*m/sec. This result correlates well with data published for propane and correlation data for vessel volume dependency (NFPA 68).
Minimum Ignition Energy Minimum Ignition Energy Tests were conducted per ASTM E582

- 07 “Standard Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy and Quenching Distance in Gaseous Mixtures” modified. Modification was to use a 1

- liter glass chamber and stirring bar to facilitate mixing t he material tested vapor with air. Apparatus and Test Setup
A 1.0

- liter round bottom glass flask was used as the combustion chamber. The chamber consisted of a pressure relief plug, vacuum/pressure gauge, sample ignition port, two (2) stainless steel e lectrodes, a stirring bar with motor drive and high

- voltage power supply (for an ignition source). The electrodes’ gap length was set in excess of the ignition quenching distance in order to prevent quenching effect and at the same time provide the lowest energy which created a spark (breakdown voltage).Client : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

6 The power supply used to ignite the mixture was an electrostatic discharge tester, SCE Model I (capacitive

- resistive circuit). This tester consisted of a single side power supply with high voltage output and one low/ground terminal. The power supply delivered variable output voltages between 0 to 30 kV. The supplied voltage was measured by an electrostatic voltmeter. Short high voltage wire leads were used to connect the power supply to the combustion chamber electrodes. Charge/discharge capacitor action was achieved via a high

- voltage vacuum relay switching circuit.
Test Procedure The Minimum Ignition Energy test was performed at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. For each test, a predetermined amount of liquid material (by weight) or volume of gaseous material was injected into the pre

- vacuumed test chamber by opening the transfer valve and septum assembly. The transfer valve was closed and the liquid was allowed to vaporize in the cham ber for a minute under vacuum. The transfer valves were then opened bringing the test conditions to atmospheric pressure and to allow mixing of the vapor with air with the aid of a magnetic stirring bar. The leads from the ESD tester, SCE Model I (RC Cir cuit), were connected to the spark discharge electrodes on the 1

- liter chamber. The stored energy was controlled by the voltage applied to a selected capacitor. Upon the closing of a vacuum relay switch, the charged capacitor was then discharged directly to the electrodes to create an electrostatic spark inside the chamber. The electrode gap was set at 2

- 3 mm. Visual observations were made for flame propagation. If no fire occurs, the discharge energy (stored energy) would be increased by either increasing the capacitance size and/or by applying higher voltage. Minimum ignition energy was determined by performing successive tests on the vapor/air mixture by varying spark energy (varying capacitor size and capacitor voltage) and sample concentrations. To calculate the ignition stored energy (stored in the capacitor by an impressed voltage) the following equation was utilized: E Stored = 1⁄2 C x V2 Where: E Stored = energy in Joules

C = total capacitance in Farad V = voltage applied i n Volts Results The Minimum Ignition Energy ( Capacitor stored energy ) test results at atmospheric ambient pressure and elevated temperatures are shown in Table 2

.Client : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

7 Table 2 Mini mum Stored Ignition Energy Test Results
Test Temperature: 203oC Capacitor: 0.00005μF Relative Humidity: 24 5 % Line Discharged Resistance: 10 0.0 K Ω Barometric Pressure 766 mmHg

Material Tested Concentration Range (vol% ) Minimum Ignition Energy* (mJ) HCR188C/R441A 2.3

– 5.5 ( 3.5 Optimum for MIE) 0. 32



### Note: The energy contained (stored) 

### in the large capacitor will not all discharge as a spark. While with small size capacitors (<100 pF) most of energy will be delivered to a spark. The stored capacitor energy in large capacitors is several magnitudes higher 

### than the actual spark ignition energy. However, even at comparable capacitor storage energies, to evaluate the safety hazards and risk, this fact will 

### require additional study and consideration.. MIE for other materials determined previously using SCE ESD Tester, Model

- I are listed in Table 3 . SCE determined MIE values are comparable to the literature data. Table 3 MIE for Some Other Materials Determined Previously

Using SCE ESD Tester, Model I

.

Material Tested Minimum Stored Ignition Energy (mJ) Ethy lene* 0.077 Hydrogen* 0.016 R152a* 0.35 R 32** 30

- 100 *Reference gaseous materials ** Literature value (Minor, 2008) was conducted in 12

- liter flaskClient : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

8 Burning Velocity Maximum burning velocity can be used to rank the flammability of refrigerants. Two methods which can be used to measure the burning velocity of refrigerants are the vertical tube and cylindrical vessel. The vertical tube method was used in this project. The Burning Velocity ( BV ) is the velocity at which the flame propagat es in a normal direction relative to the unburned gas ahead of it. The heat released during this exothermal reaction and the BV are related, and the higher the heat release, the higher the temperature rise and the faster the burning rate. The reaction rate introduces the time during which the reaction occurs and is expressed by the BV, so the BV is an essential parameter, measuring how fast a given substance will react when it is ignited. The flammability hazard can be related to the BV, especially when a relative scale is established. Since burning behavior of mixture in tube may be considered as one of parameter for refrigerant classification in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34

- 20 10 (see insert on the next page) , the BV testing was conducted in a vertica l glass tube set up similar to the one referenced by the standard (Jabbour1 ). The overall experimental procedure that is outlined by Jabbour 1 for the measurement of burning velocity was used in this work. The procedure used during the experiment was to fi rst make up the desired mixture of refrigerant and air. The glass column is filled with the mixture. The column was then sealed by closing the inlet valve. After sufficient time had passed to ensure that the refrigerant + air mixture was quiescent the power supply was activated for 0.4 sec. If a flame was observed it was digitally recorded and analyzed. The digital image allowed for the calculation of the flames surface area and linear speed. After the propagation of the flame had occurred the Pyrex tube c olumn was rinsed with air to ensure the removal of all combustion products. A new air + refrigerant concentration was then made and the procedure was repeated. ASHRAE Std 34 Flammability Cla ss if ication There are three Classes of Flammability (1, 2, 3) and one Subclass 2L: Class 1

– Non flammable

– Refrigerant doesn’t exhibit flame propagation. Class 2

– Low flammability

– Refrigerant exhibits flame propagation, LFL is more then 0.1 kg/m3 and Heat of Combustion is less then 19000KJ/kg. Class 2L

– Part of Class 2

– Low flammability, but with burning velocity of less or equal to 10 cm/sec. Class 3

– High flammability

- Refrigerant exhibit flame propagation, LFL is less then 0.1 kg/m3 and Heat of Combustion is more then 19000KJ/kg.Client : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

9 Measurement of Burning Velocity using a Vertical Tube Set up The burning velocity apparatus consists of two vertical transparent glass tubes (40 mm ID and 150 cm long), ignition system, recoding camera, vacuum pump, gas mixing cylinder, combustion product collecting 55

- gallon (220

- Liter) drum and required fittings. The upper end tubes were connected to plugs and seal ed to valve assemblies. The valves were both connected to vacuum line and gauge. The lower end of glass tubes were connected to 10 mm restricted plugs (orifices) and ig nition electrodes. The lower end was also connected to ball valves and to a 55 gallon plastic drum; gas extraction system. The spark electrodes were made from 1 mm tungsten rod, fixed diametrically opposite on the walls of the tube, centered on its axis , and located 5 to 10 mm above the upper layer of the interchangeable orifices with gap of 6.3 mm apart. The ignition system consisted high voltage power supply same type ignition system and characteristics as the one used in ANSI/ASTM Standard E 681

- 20 01. The spark is formed between a 6.3 mm gap of the 1 mm diameter electrodes. The time duration of the spark is set at 0.4 sec. Power is supplied by the secondary of a transformer w ith an output of 15 kV and 30 mA. Procedure For test series the gas mixing cylinder was flush with dry air (20.9 % Oxygen, 0.0 % moisture) and then vacuumed. The desired concentration of gas or gas mixture (between LFL & UFL) in dry air to be tested was prepared by partial pressure. The gas mixture cylinder was then rolled to uniform the mixture by mixing with Teflon rod inside the cylinder. The gas cylinder with valve closed was connected to lower end of the 40

- mm ID glass tubes. The glass tubes were vacuumed. The gas mixture from cylinder was allowed to over fill the evacuated glass tubes. The excess gas mixture in air was release (bubble out in water) in laboratory hood. When there was no gas bubbles coming out the test set up, the valves at upper lower end of glass tubes were closed. The ignition leads from power supply were connected to the electrodes on first tube. Approximately 10

- 20 second was allowed, permitting the turbulence (if any) to cease in the mixture. The camera then was turn on. The lower ball valve was opened smoothly and ignition system was activated. The gas in the second tube was ignited in the same way as the first one. To ensure a good ignition, the electrodes were cleaned repeatedly of any deposit if needed. Tests are performed at room temperature, set at 23±2°C, and at atmospheric pressure. Flame p ropagation velocity varies according to the nature of the flammable gases and to the different concentrations, as does the flame front shape. After each test, the apparatus is cleaned thoroughly to make sure that the remaining combustion products and ef fluents will not affect the following test and that the exhaust gas will not harm the personnel or damage the environment. This i mplies an appropriate treatment process of the combustion products, especially with fluorinated gases. In that case, the e

xtraction is performed rapidly at the end of the test in order to neutralize theClient : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

10 hydrogen fluoride (HF), which in some case constitutes more than 30% of the combustion products, and reduce the corrosion of the test tube (the water content in the combus tion products makes it very corrosive). For this purpose, an ad hoc post

- treatment system has been designed and installed at the outlet of the test apparatus, permitting HF removal by splashing the exhaust gas into a NaOH water solution. The treatment system is composed of a 125 L reservoir connected to the exhaust port of the tube in which the combustion products expand. An extraction fan draws the combustion products through the expansion reservoir and the water solution and then the clean gas to th e hood.
Calculation of Linear Flame Speed and Burning Velocity
The photo of flame propagation inside the tube was taken for each trial using a digital camera. The flame front shapes are acquired with an average rate of 30 frames/sec, or (60 frames/sec), then images were transferred to a PC where they are saved for further processing (flame propagation speed measurement and flame front area calculation). With weakly luminous flames, a compromise was arranged between the flame front precision brought by a larger quantity of light admitted to the camera (longer exposition time) and the precision of the flame front position (displacement of the flame front during the exposition time). The camera field was adjusted to the appropriate position where t he flame movement inside the tube is known to be uniform. A set of adjustments and different operating modes, including exposure time, number of frames during record, background light, and parameters for a better images output, were made as appropriate d. The linear flame propagation speed is obtained from the direct measurement of the flame front displacement brought by two successive images in a known time interval, t hat is g iven by the camera acquisition frequency. The flammable refrigerant

- air mix ture when ignited at the lower end of a vertical tube and propagates up to the upper end. The flame front propagation is at a constant speed; the shape and the size of the flame are also constant. As the temperature and pressure of the unburned mixture ahead of the flame are constant, the volume of burned gas can be calculated. The expression for the BV Su is obtained from the equation of mass conservation for the unburned gas. The volume of burned gas per second and per unit area, or the BV, is obtained by dividing the mixture volume consumed per second (at the test temperature and pressure) by the flame surface area, A

. The volume consumption of the mixture per second is the volume swept by a cross

sectional area of the flame base, a , with a speed equal to the propagation speed of the flame, Ss

. This relation can be written as follows: Su = Ss × a / AClient : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

11 At a given temperature and pressure, the BV is only a function of the flammable substance, its concentration with the oxidant, and, to a lim ited extent, of the experimental apparatus. Therefore the equation above implies the knowledge of three parameters: 1. The flame propagation speed, Ss ,. 2. The flame

- base cross section, a 3. The flame front area, A , The flame front area was determined by marking the flame front profile with fitting line (points), then dividing into two or more sections, and for each section an equation of appropriate area for that shape was used. The area of each section is then calculated separately, then add together. The area of each elementary section is calculated based on the assumption of a revolution shape

. Results In order to test the accuracy of the experimental setup the burning velocity of HFC

- 32 was measured. Dry air at 23°C was used to make up the mixtures in this t est. The burning velocity was measured at 1 vol% HFC

- 32 intervals. The burning velocity of HFC

- 32 in air was measured over a range from 17 to 20 vol % HFC

- 32. The maximum burning velocity determined in this work was 6. 5 cm·s - 1 . This is in very good agreeme nt with the maximum burning velocity of 6.7 cm·s - 1 measured by Jabbour 1 . The results for the mixture tested and R32 and R152a as reference materials are listed in the Table 4

.

Table 4 . Results of Burning Velocity Measurement for HCR188C/R441A

Mixture Tested Concentration Tested (Vol.%) Linear

Flame Speed (cm/s ec) Flame

Area/Cross Section Burning Velocity

(cm/sec)

Refrigerant HCR 188C/R441A 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 23.0

58.8 100.0 67.7 27.0 20.4 20.0 2.05

1 .9 2.1 1.9 3.1 7.4 11.8 11.2

3 0. 9 47.6 35.9 11.9 2.7 1 .7
R32 (100%) Reference Material 17.3 19.0 17.6 21.40

24.00 19.95 3.49

3.71 3.22 6.13

6.47 6.21Client : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

12 Mixture Tested Concentration Tested (Vol.%) Linear

Flame Speed (cm/s ec) Flame

Area/Cross Section Burning Velocity

(cm/sec)

R152a (100%) Reference Material 8 8 8.5 55.4

48.4 58.8 2.62

2.22 2.48 21.30

21.80 23.71 References (1) Jabbour, T.; Flammable Refrigerant Classification Based on the Burning Velocity; Doctoral Thesis; Ecole Des Mines De Paris; 2004.

If you have any questions regarding the contents of the report, please feel free to contact us at any time. Respectfully submitted, SAFETY CONSULTING ENGINEERS, INC.

Andrew Kusmierz Senior Process Safety SpecialistClient : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

13 A PPENDIX B LEGAL DISCLAIMER AND LIABILITY (a) Limitation of Liability . The consulting services conducted by Safety Consulting Engineers, Inc. (the “Company”) were performed using generally accepted guidelines, standards, and/or practices, which the Company considers reliable. Although the Company performed its consulting services pursuant to reliable and generally accepted practices in the industry, the Company does not guarantee or provide any repr

esentations or warranties with respect to Client’s use, interpretation or application of the findings, conclusions, and/or suggestions of the consulting services provided by the Company. Moreover, the findings, conclusions, and the suggestions resulting f rom the consulting service are based upon certain assumptions, information, documents, and procedures provided by the Customer. AS SUCH, IN NO EVENT AND UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL THE COMPANY BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST REVENUE OR PROFITS OF THE CUSTOMER OR ITS CUSTOMERS, AGENTS AND DISTRIBUTORS, RESULTING FROM, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY. The Customer ag rees that the Company shall have no liability for damages, which may result from Client’s use, interpretation or application of the consulting services provided by the Company. b) The Company’s pricing of the consulting services provided does not contemplate that the Company shall have any liability resulting from its performance of the consulting services, except as otherwise set forth in the Quotation from the Company. Accordingly, the Customer shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its sharehold ers, directors, officers, employees and agents (the

“Indemnified Parties”) from and against any and all loss, cost, liability and expense, including reasonable attorney’s fees and costs, which any of the Indemnified Parties may incur, sustain or be subject to, as a result of any claim, demand, action, investigation or proceeding arising out of or relating to either: (a) the consulting services provided by the Company; or (b) any material, equipment, specifications or safety information (or lack thereof) sup plied to the Company (or which should have been supplied to the Company) by Customer and/or any failure of such materials, equipment, specifications and safety information to comply with any federal, state or local law or safety standard. (c) For addition al terms and conditions, which apply with respect to the provision of this report, see the Quotation provided by the Company and executed byClient : A.S. Trust & Holdings Project: HCR 1 8 8C/R441A Flammable Properties Report Number: R2011041

- LR Date: April 25, 2011

14 Customer. If any terms set forth in the Quotation conflict with the terms set forth herein, the terms set forth he rein shall apply.