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[Congressional Bills 112th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 3866 Introduced in House (IH)]

112th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 3866

   To award a Congressional Gold Medal in honor of the pioneers and 
               participants of the Civil Rights movement.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            February 1, 2012

   Mr. Cohen (for himself, Mr. Filner, Ms. Jackson Lee of Texas, Ms. 
 Moore, Ms. Lee of California, Mr. Davis of Illinois, Mr. Al Green of 
  Texas, Mr. Israel, Mr. Rush, Mr. Ellison, Ms. Sewell, Mr. Carson of 
   Indiana, Mr. McGovern, Mr. Faleomavaega, Ms. Chu, Mr. Jackson of 
  Illinois, Ms. Norton, Mr. Holt, Ms. Eddie Bernice Johnson of Texas, 
Mrs. Christensen, Mr. Payne, Ms. Slaughter, Mr. Pastor of Arizona, Mr. 
Bishop of New York, Mr. Yarmuth, Mr. Courtney, Mr. Carnahan, Mr. Welch, 
 Mr. Perlmutter, Mr. Honda, Mr. Thompson of Mississippi, Mr. Capuano, 
Mr. Doyle, Ms. Woolsey, Mr. Tonko, Mr. Clay, Ms. Richardson, Mr. Braley 
 of Iowa, Mr. Holden, Ms. Hahn, Mr. Lewis of Georgia, Mr. Hastings of 
Florida, Mr. Grijalva, Ms. Clarke of New York, Mr. Johnson of Georgia, 
 Mr. Fattah, and Mr. David Scott of Georgia) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Financial Services, and in 
 addition to the Committee on House Administration, for a period to be 
subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration 
  of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 
                               concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
   To award a Congressional Gold Medal in honor of the pioneers and 
               participants of the Civil Rights movement.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds as follows:
            (1) In 1849, Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery. She was a 
        major conductor on the Underground Railroad and helped free 
        hundreds of slaves. She was also a major advocate for Women's 
        Rights.
            (2) In 1850, the Supreme Court stated in the Dred Scott 
        decision that Blacks, freed or enslaved, do not have 
        citizenship rights.
            (3) In 1861, the American Civil War began. This war was 
        fought because of issues between Northern and Southern States, 
        including States' rights versus Federal authority, westward 
        expansion, and slavery. The Southern States began to secede 
        from the Union. The war ended with the battle of Palmito Hill 
        in 1865.
            (4) On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued 
        the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that ``all 
        persons held slaves within any States, or designated part of 
        the State . . . shall forever be free''.
            (5) In 1864, Sojourner Truth traveled to Washington, DC, to 
        help integrate streetcars and was received at the White House 
        by President Abraham Lincoln. The same year, she was appointed 
        to the National Freedmen's Relief Association where she 
        counseled former slaves, particularly in matters of 
        resettlement.
            (6) On January 31, 1865, the 13th Amendment, which 
        abolished any form of slavery in the United States, was passed. 
        It was ratified by the States on December 6, 1865.
            (7) On June 19, 1865, the news reached Galveston, Texas, 
        stating the war had ended and the enslaved were now free.
            (8) In 1892, Ida B. Wells Barnett began her anti-lynching 
        campaign. She later wrote ``Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All 
        Its Phases''.
            (9) In 1896, the Supreme Court established the ``separate 
        but equal'' doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson.
            (10) In July 1905, a group led by W.E.B. Du Bois, John 
        Hope, Fredrick L. McGhee, and William Monroe Trotter met at the 
        Fort Erie Hotel in Fort Erie, Ontario, opposite Buffalo, New 
        York, to discuss full civil liberties, an end to racial 
        discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood. These 29 
        Black intellectuals founded the ``Niagara movement'', and the 
        meeting ranks as a major turning point in African-American 
        history.
            (11) On February 12, 1909, the National Association for the 
        Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded. W.E.B. Du 
        Bois played a major role in helping form the NAACP. He was the 
        associate director of research and editor of ``The Crisis''. 
        Ida B. Wells and Marcy Church Terrell were the only two, Black 
        women allowed to sign ``The Call'' and attend the first NAACP 
        meeting.
            (12) In 1909, Ida B. Wells became the founder of the Anti-
        Lynching Crusade.
            (13) In 1915, the NAACP launches a nationwide campaign in 
        opposition to the controversial film, ``Birth of a Nation''.
            (14) In 1919, the Memphis NAACP became the largest branch 
        in the South. Pioneers of its legal activism team included 
        Hosea T. (H.T.) Lockard, Maxine and Vasco Smith, Russell 
        Sugarmon, and A.W. Willis. Through the courts, they won cases 
        that led to the desegregation of public transportation, of 
        restaurants, and public facilities.
            (15) On August 25, 1925, A. Philip Randolph announced the 
        formation of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. This was 
        the first major all Black labor union.
            (16) In February 1926, the second week in the month was 
        marked as Negro History Week by Carter G. Woodson, the father 
        of Black history.
            (17) In 1935, NAACP lawyers Charles Hamilton Houston and 
        Thurgood Marshall won a legal battle to admit a Black student 
        to the University of Maryland.
            (18) In 1936, Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune became the first 
        African-American woman to head a Federal office, the Division 
        of Negro Affairs of the Division of Negro Affairs of the 
        National Youth Administration.
            (19) On April 3, 1939, in an effort led by civil rights 
        leaders, Walter White (NAACP), A. Philip Randolph, and Judge 
        William H. Hastie, Public Law 18 was passed by Congress. This 
        bill contained an amendment that designated funds to train 
        African-American pilots.
            (20) In 1941, Bayard Rustin, A. Philip Randolph, and A.J. 
        Muste proposed a march on Washington to end segregation and 
        racial discrimination in the Armed Forces. The march never 
        happened because President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 
        8802 (the Fair Employment Act).
            (21) In March 1941, after years of being pressured by civil 
        rights organizations, an all African-American pursuit squadron 
        (99th Pursuit) in Tuskegee, Alabama, was formed. These 
        gentlemen were known as the Tuskegee Airmen. The Tuskegee 
        Airmen were well respected fighter groups in World War II and 
        led the way to the United States military being fully 
        integrated. The airmen were led by Captain Benjamin O. Davis, 
        Jr. They won their first aerial victory on July 2, 1943, 
        against the Luftwaffe.
            (22) In 1942, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was 
        founded by a group of students at the University of Chicago. 
        Founding members included James L. Farmer, Jr., George Houser, 
        James R. Robinson, and Bernice Fisher. It is the third oldest 
        civil rights group in the United States. Roy Innis is the 
        current president and has been leading the organization since 
        1964.
            (23) In December 1943, Paul Roberson addressed Major League 
        Baseball owners about integrating their teams.
            (24) In 1946, the NAACP effort to end segregation in 
        interstate bus transportation was supported by the Supreme 
        Court ruling in Morgan v. Virginia.
            (25) On April 9, 1947, CORE tests Morgan v. Virginia 
        (outlawing segregation during bus traveling) and sends a group 
        of Freedom Riders on a Journey of Reconciliation around the 
        South.
            (26) On April 15, 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first 
        Black Major League Baseball player.
            (27) On July 26, 1948, President Truman signs into act 
        Executive Order 9981, establishing equality in the Armed Forces 
        regardless of race, color, religion, or national origin.
            (28) On June 8, 1953, the court ruled segregation in eating 
        places was unconstitutional in Washington, DC. Mary Church 
        Terrell, Clark F. King, Essie Thompson, Arthur F. Elmer, and 
        Attorney Ringgold Hart played an instrumental role in this 
        ruling.
            (29) On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of 
        desegregating the school systems in the landmark case Brown v. 
        Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The gentlemen that worked 
        on this landmark case were: Thurgood Marshall, NAACP Legal 
        Defense Fund chief counsel, George E.C. Hayes, James M. Nabrit, 
        Jack Greenberg, Robert L. Carter, Charles Scott, and Charles E. 
        Bledsoe.
            (30) On May 7, 1955, Rev. George Lee was murdered in 
        Belzoni, Mississippi. Rev. Lee was one of the first Black 
        people registered to vote in Humphreys County and used his 
        pulpit and his printing press to urge others to vote. He was 
        offered protection if he agreed to end his voter registration 
        efforts. Rev. Lee refused to end those efforts.
            (31) On August 13, 1955, Lamar Smith, who had organized 
        Blacks to vote in a recent election, was shot and killed by a 
        White man on the courthouse lawn in Brookhaven, Mississippi, 
        while dozens of people watched. The killer was never indicted 
        because no one would admit they saw a White man shoot a Black 
        man.
            (32) On August 28, 1955, Emmett Louis Till, a 14-year-old 
        boy visiting Mississippi from Chicago, was beaten, shot and his 
        body was dumped in the Tallahatchie River for reportedly 
        flirting with a White woman in a store. Till's mother had an 
        open casket public funeral, which was attended by thousands and 
        images of his mutilated body were published in magazines and 
        newspapers, shining light on the condition of Black civil 
        rights in the South.
            (33) On October 22, 1955, John Earl Reese, 16, was shot and 
        killed while dancing in a cafe when White men shot into the 
        windows. The shootings were part of an attempt by Whites to 
        terrorize Blacks into giving up plans for a new school.
            (34) On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for 
        refusing to give up her seat to a White passenger. Her action 
        sparked the Montgomery bus boycott, which was led by Dr. King. 
        The buses were finally desegregated on December 21, 1956.
            (35) January 23, 1957, Willie Edwards, Jr., a truck driver, 
        was forced at gunpoint to jump off a bridge by four Klansmen in 
        Montgomery, Alabama. The men mistook Edwards for another man 
        who they believed was dating a White woman.
            (36) Between January and February 1957, the Southern 
        Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was formed by Martin 
        Luther King, Jr., Bayard Rustin, Charles Steele, Joseph Lowery, 
        Fred Shuttlesworth, Ella Baker, and Rev. Ralph Abernathy. 
        Andrew Jackson Young served as vice president and was a top 
        aide to Dr. King.
            (37) In 1957, Dr. Dorothy Irene Height was the fourth 
        elected president of the National Council of Negro Women and 
        held the position from 1957-1998.
            (38) In September 1957, the Little Rock Nine integrated 
        Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The Little Rock 
        Nine consisted of Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson 
        Thomas, Terrence Roberts, Carlotta Walls LaNier, Minnijean 
        Brown, Gloria Ray Karlmark, Thelma Mothershed, and Melba 
        Pattillo Beals.
            (39) In 1957, civil rights leader, Maxine Smith began her 
        fight for civil rights. She was denied admission to Memphis 
        State because she was Black. This began her relationship with 
        the NAACP where she served as a volunteer executive secretary. 
        She coordinated sit-ins, protests, and voters' registration 
        drives during her tenure.
            (40) On April 25, 1959, Mack Charles Parker, 23, was 
        beaten, shot and thrown in the Pearl River in Poplarville, 
        Mississippi, by a masked mob. He was accused of raping a White 
        woman and was taken from his cell three days before his case 
        was set for trial.
            (41) In, 1959, Russell Sugarmon ran for public works 
        commissioner in a racially charged race. He was the first 
        African-American to make a serious bid for a major city office 
        in Memphis, Tennessee.
            (42) In 1960, Harry Belafonte was named a cultural advisor 
        to the Peace Corps under President John F. Kennedy. Belafonte 
        was one of Dr. King's closest confidants. He paid Dr. King's 
        bail when he was in a Birmingham jail. He helped finance the 
        Freedom Rides, voters' registrations drive, and helped organize 
        the March on Washington in 1963.
            (43) On February 1, 1960, four Black students (Joseph 
        McNeil, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair, Jr., and David Richmond) 
        from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College began 
        the Greensboro sit-in. By the end of the first week, other 
        cities were participating in the sit-in movement in other 
        cities in North Carolina. Many of these sit-ins were successful 
        in desegregating lunch counters and public places.
            (44) On February 13, 1960, a nonviolent sit-in effort began 
        in Nashville, Tennessee, to end segregation at lunch counters 
        in downtown Nashville. The Nashville Student Movement and the 
        Nashville Christian Leadership Council coordinated the sit-in 
        campaign. The participants endured verbal and physical abuse. 
        After weeks of turmoil, store owners and protest leaders were 
        able to reach an agreement. The Nashville sit-in movement led 
        to it being the first major city to begin desegregation of its 
        public facilities when several stores desegregated their 
        counters on May 10, 1960.
            (45) On March 19, 1960, sit-ins in Memphis were launched by 
        students from LeMoyne College and Owen Junior College at the 
        main public library and local department stores. Protests in 
        Memphis continued throughout the summer of 1960 and resulted in 
        the integration of the local bus lines and the City's parks. It 
        was led by Marion Barry, Grace Meacham, and other SNCC members.
            (46) On April 16, 1960, 150 college students in the North 
        and the South played an important role in forcing the inception 
        of desegregation by forming the Student Nonviolent Coordinating 
        Committee (SNCC) which led to the national sit-in effort, the 
        ``Freedom Rides'' in 1961, and the historic March on Washington 
        in 1963. Several of the SNCC's chairmen included Marion Barry, 
        Charles F. McDew, Julian Bond, Stokely Carmichael, and John 
        Lewis led the organization during its early period. By the end 
        of April 1960, a sit-in had occurred in every Southern State.
            (47) On May 4, 1961, student volunteers began a bus 
        movement from Washington, DC, to southern States to test out 
        the desegregation laws in interstate travel facilities. They 
        were later known as the ``Freedom Riders.''
            (48) On September 25, 1961, Herbert Lee was killed in 
        Liberty, Mississippi, by a State legislator who claimed self-
        defense and was never arrested. He worked with civil rights 
        leader Bob Moses to help register Black voters.
            (49) In 1961, the ``Memphis 13'' was the first group of 
        Black students to integrate four Memphis City Schools: Bruce, 
        Gordon, Rozelle, and Springdale elementary. The 13 students 
        were Joyce White, Menelik Fombi (formerly Michael Willis), 
        Dwania Kyles, Harry Williams, Sheila Malone Conway, Sharon 
        Malone, E.C. Freeman Fentress, Leandrew Wiggins, Deborah Holt, 
        Pamela Mayes, Alvin Freeman, Jacqueline Moore, and Clarence 
        Williams.
            (50) In 1961, Whitney Young became executive director of 
        the National Urban League and expanded the organization's role 
        in the Civil Rights movement. He proposed a domestic ``Marshall 
        Plan'' to provide Federal aid to cities and portions of the 
        plan were included in President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on 
        Poverty. Young was also one of the March on Washington 
        organizers.
            (51) On April 9, 1962, Cpl. Roman Ducksworth, Jr., a 
        military police officer stationed in Maryland, was ordered off 
        a bus by a police officer and shot to death in Taylorsville, 
        Mississippi. He was on leave to visit his sick wife.
            (52) On September 30, 1962, after a 16-month legal battle 
        to integrate the University of Mississippi, United States 
        marshals escorted James Meredith on to the school's campus to 
        register him for the fall semester. Paul Guihard, a reporter 
        for a French news service, was shot and killed by a White mob 
        during protests over the admission of Meredith to the 
        University.
            (53) On April 23, 1963, William Lewis Moore, a postman from 
        Baltimore, was shot and killed during a one man march against 
        segregation. He was planning to deliver a letter to the 
        governor of Mississippi urging an end to intolerance.
            (54) On June 12, 1963, Medgar Evers, Mississippi's NAACP 
        field secretary, was murdered outside his home in Jackson, 
        Mississippi.
            (55) On June 29, 1963, Malcolm X led the Unity Rally in 
        Harlem, which was one of the largest civil rights events.
            (56) On August 28, 1963, the March on Washington for Jobs 
        and Freedom was held in front of the Lincoln Memorial. The 
        march was organized and coordinated by Bayard Rustin, Dr. 
        Dorothy Irene Height, Harry Belafonte, A. Philip Randolph, and 
        others. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his ``I Have a 
        Dream'' speech to nearly 200,000 people.
            (57) On September 15, 1963, four little girls (Denise 
        McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson, and Addie Mae 
        Collins) were murdered when a bomb went off at Sixteenth Street 
        Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Virgil Lamar Ware, 13, 
        was shot to death by White teenagers who had come from a 
        segregationist rally held after the church bombing.
            (58) On January 31, 1964, Louis Allen was killed in 
        Liberty, Mississippi, on the day he was making final 
        arrangements to move north. Allen witnessed the murder of civil 
        rights worker Herbert Lee and endured years of harassment, 
        threats, and being jailed.
            (59) On March 23, 1964, Johnnie Mae Chappell was killed in 
        Jacksonville, Florida, as she walked along a roadside while men 
        were looking for a Black person to shoot after a day of racial 
        unrest.
            (60) On April 7, 1964, Rev. Bruce Klunder was crushed to 
        death when a bulldozer backed over him. He was protesting the 
        building of a segregated school.
            (61) In 1964, SNCC helped organize the Mississippi Freedom 
        Democratic Party (MFDP), which challenged the legitimacy and 
        seating of Mississippi's officially recognized Democratic 
        Party. During the ``Freedom Summer'', Harry Belafonte helped 
        fund the SNCC's voting registration efforts.
            (62) In 1964, Fannie Lou Hamer established the Mississippi 
        Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). She also delivered a national 
        televised speech to the Credentials Committee discussing the 
        hardship activists were experiencing with voting.
            (63) In 1964, Mr. H.T. Lockard, a Memphis civil rights 
        pioneer, was elected to the old Shelby County Quarterly Court 
        (County Commission). From there he became the first Black man 
        to join a governor's cabinet under Governor Buford Ellington 
        from 1967 through 1971. He served on the National Civil Rights 
        Museum Board from 1989 through 1999.
            (64) On May 2, 1964, Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie 
        Moore were killed in Meadville, Mississippi, by Klansmen who 
        believed the two were part of a plot to arm Blacks in the area 
        (there was no such plot).
            (65) On June 21, 1964, civil rights workers James Chaney (a 
        Mississippian resident), Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner 
        were assisting with helping African-Americans register to vote 
        during Freedom Summer. After being arrested by the police and 
        released after several hours, they were murdered by the Ku Klux 
        Klan. Their bodies were found near Philadelphia, Mississippi.
            (66) On July 2, 1964, President Johnson signed the Civil 
        Rights Act of 1964.
            (67) On July 11, 1964, Lt. Col. Lemuel Penn, a Washington, 
        DC, educator was shot to death by Klansmen in a passing car 
        when he was driving home from United States Army Reserves 
        training in Colbert, Georgia.
            (68) In 1965, Benjamin Hooks became the first Black 
        criminal court judge in Tennessee history.
            (69) In 1965, Dr. Dorothy Irene Height was named the first 
        director of the YWCA's Center for Racial Justice.
            (70) On February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was shot to death in 
        Harlem, New York.
            (71) On February 26, 1965, Jimmie Lee Jackson was beaten 
        and shot by State troopers as he tried to protect his 
        grandfather and mother from a trooper attack on civil rights 
        marchers in Marion, Alabama.
            (72) On March 7, 1965, ``Bloody Sunday'' took place as 600 
        marchers tried to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, 
        Alabama, in support of voting rights and were attacked by State 
        and local police. This effort was led by John Lewis of SNCC and 
        the Rev. Hosea Williams of SCLC. It took the marchers three 
        times to finally cross over the Pettus Bridge.
            (73) On March 11, 1965, Rev. James Reeb, a Unitarian 
        minister from Boston, was beaten to death by White men while he 
        walked down a Selma Street. Rev. Reeb was one of the many White 
        clergymen who joined the Selma marchers after the attack by 
        State troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
            (74) On March 25, 1965, Viola Gregg Luizzo, a housewife and 
        mother from Detroit, drove alone to Alabama to help with the 
        Selma march after seeing televised reports of the attack at the 
        Edmund Pettus Bridge. She was driving marchers back to Selma 
        from Montgomery when she was shot and killed by a Klansman in a 
        passing car.
            (75) On June 2, 1965, Oneal Moore was killed when he and 
        his partner were shot from a passing car. Moore was one of two 
        Black deputies hired by White officials to appease civil rights 
        demands.
            (76) On July 9, 1965, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was 
        passed by Congress.
            (77) On July 18, 1965, Willie Brewster was shot and killed 
        by White men on his way home from work in Anniston, Alabama. 
        The men belonged to the National States Rights Party, a violent 
        neo-Nazi group whose members had been involved in church 
        bombings and murders of Blacks.
            (78) On August 20, 1965, Jonathan Myrick Daniels, an 
        Episcopal Seminary student in Boston, was shot and killed by a 
        deputy sheriff in Hayneville, Alabama. Daniels came to Alabama 
        to help with Black voter registration in Lowndes County.
            (79) On September 24, 1965, President Johnson issues 
        Executive Order 11246 enforcing affirmative action.
            (80) In 1966, Constance Baker Motley becomes first African-
        American female appointed to the Federal bench.
            (81) On January 3, 1966, Samuel Leamno Younge, Jr., a 
        student civil rights activist, was shot and killed by a White 
        gas station owner after an argument over segregated restrooms 
        in Tuskegee, Alabama.
            (82) On January 10, 1966, Vernon Ferdinand Dahmer, a 
        wealthy businessman, died from severe burns when his home was 
        firebombed in Hattiesburg, Mississipi. Dahmer offered to pay 
        toll taxes for those who couldn't afford the fee required to 
        vote.
            (83) On June 10, 1966, Ben Chester White, a caretaker on a 
        plantation who had no involvement in civil rights work, was 
        murdered by Klansmen who thought they could divert attention 
        from a civil rights march by killing a Black person in Natchez, 
        Mississippi.
            (84) On July 30, 1966, Clarence Triggs, a bricklayer who 
        attended civil rights meetings sponsored by the Congress of 
        Racial Equality, was found dead on the roadside with a gunshot 
        through the head in Bogalusa, Louisiana.
            (85) On November 8, 1966, Edward Brooke, a Republican from 
        Massachusetts, was the first Black United States Senator in 85 
        years.
            (86) On October 15 1966, the Black Panthers are founded by 
        Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.
            (87) On February 27, 1967, Wharlest Jackson, treasurer of 
        his local NAACP Chapter in Natchez, Mississippi, was killed 
        when a bomb that was planted in his car exploded. The bomb was 
        planted in his car after Jackson was promoted to a position 
        previously reserved for Whites.
            (88) On April 4, 1967, exactly one year before his death, 
        Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered ``Beyond Vietnam'' at the 
        New York City Riverside Church. In his speech he condemned the 
        United States role in the war. He also stated that the United 
        States needed to reconsider their morals. King was against the 
        war because the money could have been used to fight the war on 
        poverty. He was also against African-Americans fighting for a 
        country that treated them as second-class citizens.
            (89) On May 12, 1967, Benjamin Brown, a former civil rights 
        organizer, was killed by stray gunshots from police into a 
        crowd when watching a student protest in Jackson, Mississippi.
            (90) On August 30, 1967, Thurgood Marshall was named the 
        first African-American to the Supreme Court.
            (91) On February 8, 1968, Samuel Ephesians Hammond, Jr., 
        Delano Herman Middleton, and Henry Ezekial Smith were shot and 
        killed by police who fired on student demonstrators at the 
        South Carolina State College Campus in Orangeburg, South 
        Carolina.
            (92) On March 29, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr., went to 
        Memphis, Tennessee, to help support Black sanitary public 
        workers represented by the American Federation of State, County 
        and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Local 1733 in their fight for 
        better wages and treatment. The march that was organized for 
        the workers became violent and unsuccessful.
            (93) On April 3, 1968, in an effort to have a peaceful 
        march for the sanitation workers, Martin Luther King, Jr., 
        returned to Memphis. The night before his death he delivered 
        ``I've Been to the Mountaintop'' at Mason Temple.
            (94) On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr., was 
        murdered outside his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, 
        Tennessee.
            (95) On April 11, 1968, President Johnson signed the Civil 
        Rights Act of 1968.
            (96) In May 1968, Ralph Abernathy took over the SCLC Poor 
        People's Campaign after the death of Dr. King.
            (97) In 1971, Morris Dees, Jr., and Joseph J. Levin, Jr., 
        founded the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). Julian Bond was 
        named the first president. With the mission of seeking justice 
        and equality for society's most vulnerable, SPLC has shut down 
        some of the Nation's most dangerous hate groups by winning 
        crushing, multimillion-dollar jury verdicts on behalf of their 
        victims.
            (98) On April 20, 1971, the Supreme Court decision in Swann 
        v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, initiates a busing 
        effort to integrate public school systems.
            (99) In 1972, Benjamin Hooks was appointed as one of the 
        five commissioners of the Federal Communications Commission 
        (FCC) under the Nixon administration.
            (100) In February 1976, Negro History Week was expanded to 
        Black History Month.
            (101) On November 3, 1983, the Martin Luther King, Jr., 
        Federal holiday was established.
            (102) In 1987, Morris Dees won a $7 million judgment for 
        the mother of Michael Donald, a Black lynching victim in 
        Mobile, Alabama, in a suit against the Ku Klux Klan.
            (103) On March 22, 1988, Congress passes the Civil Rights 
        Restoration Act over President Reagan's veto.
            (104) On October 1, 1989, Army General Colin Powell becomes 
        the first Black to serve as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 
        Staff.
            (105) On July 5, 1991, the National Civil Rights Museum 
        opens at King's assassination site in Memphis.

SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL.

    (a) Award Authorized.--The Speaker of the House of Representatives 
and the President pro tempore of the Senate shall make appropriate 
arrangements for the award, on behalf of the Congress, of a gold medal 
of appropriate design in honor of the pioneers and participants of the 
Civil Rights movement, collectively, in recognition of their personal 
sacrifice and service to their country.
    (b) Design and Striking.--For the purposes of the award referred to 
in subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter in this Act 
referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall strike the gold medal with 
suitable emblems, devices, and inscriptions, to be determined by the 
Secretary.
    (c) Smithsonian Institution.--
            (1) In general.--Following the award of the gold medal 
        referred to in subsection (a) in honor of the pioneers and 
        participants of the Civil Rights Movement, the gold medal shall 
        be given to the Smithsonian Institution, where it shall be 
        displayed.
            (2) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
        the Smithsonian Institution should make the gold medal received 
        under this paragraph available for display elsewhere, 
        particularly at other locations associated with the Civil 
        Rights Movement.

SEC. 3. DUPLICATE MEDALS.

    Under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, the 
Secretary may strike and sell duplicates in bronze of the gold medal 
struck under section 2, at a price sufficient to cover the costs of the 
medals, including labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, and 
overhead expenses.

SEC. 4. NATIONAL MEDALS.

    Medals struck pursuant to this Act are National medals for purposes 
of chapter 51 of title 31, United States Code.

SEC. 5. AUTHORITY TO USE FUND AMOUNTS; PROCEEDS OF SALE.

    (a) Authority To Use Fund Amounts.--There is authorized to be 
charged against the United States Mint Public Enterprise Fund such 
amounts as may be necessary to pay for the costs of the medals struck 
pursuant to this Act.
    (b) Proceeds of Sale.--Amounts received from the sale of duplicate 
bronze medals authorized under section 3 shall be deposited into the 
United States Mint Public Enterprise Fund.
                                 <all>
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