MILDOS-AREA

Computational Verification

Version 4

 

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

NUREG/CR-7213

ANL/EVS-15/10
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MILDOS-AREA

Computational Verification

Version 4

Manuscript Completed: December 2015

Date Published: April 2016

Prepared by: 

B.M. Biwer, D.J. LePoire, S. Kamboj, and Y.-S. Chang

Environmental Science Division

Argonne National Laboratory

9700 South Cass Avenue

Argonne, IL 60439

Bruce Biwer, Argonne Program Manager

Stephanie Bush-Goddard, NRC Project Manager

NRC Job Code Number F1228

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

NUREG/CR-7213

ANL/EVS-15/10

 

iii 

ABSTRACT 

Verification calculations were performed to provide assurance that the MILDOS-AREA computer 

code is performing its calculations as intended, that is, the models are properly implemented in 

the code. MILDOS-AREA is used to estimate the radiological impacts from airborne emissions 

from uranium milling facilities. It provides the capability to consider both conventional uranium 

ore operations and operations associated with in situ recovery facilities. The code is used by 

license applicants and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff to perform routine radiological 

impact estimates for the licensing of various uranium recovery operations. Independent 

verification of the calculations was performed external to the computer code in spreadsheets 

using Microsoft Excel®. All major portions of the code were investigated. The verification was 

conducted on a step-by-step basis and used five sample test cases as templates. Calculations 

were performed to verify the reported radionuclide release rates, air dispersion results, 

environmental media concentrations, and human exposure doses. 

v 

CONTENTS 

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. iii 

CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................. v 

FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... vii 

TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... xi 

1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 

1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 1 

1.2 Sample Test Cases ........................................................................................................ 1 

1.3 Calculations Verified Directory ........................................................................................ 2 

1.3.1 Radionuclide Release Rates ................................................................................ 2 

1.3.2 Air Transport ........................................................................................................ 2 

1.3.3 Environmental Media Concentrations .................................................................. 2 

1.3.4 Human Exposure ................................................................................................. 3 

1.4 Report Organization ........................................................................................................ 4 

2 RELEASE CALCULATIONS .................................................................................................. 5 

2.1 Point Source ................................................................................................................... 5 

2.2 Area Source .................................................................................................................... 5 

2.3 New Well Field Source.................................................................................................... 9

2.4 Production Well Field Source.......................................................................................... 9 

2.5 Restoration Well Field Source ...................................................................................... 11 

2.6 Drying/Packaging Source ............................................................................................. 11 

2.7 Land Application Source ............................................................................................... 11 

3 ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION ............................................................................................ 17 

3.1 Effective Release Height............................................................................................... 17 

3.2 Downwind Direct Air Concentrations ............................................................................ 22 

3.2.1 No Plume Reflection........................................................................................... 22 

3.2.2 Plume Reflection ................................................................................................ 26 

4 ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA CONCENTRATIONS ............................................................... 35 

4.1 Radionuclide Ground Concentrations ........................................................................... 35 

4.2 Radionuclide Air Concentrations................................................................................... 38 

4.2.1 Resuspension .................................................................................................... 38 

4.2.2 Total Air Concentrations ..................................................................................... 38 

4.2.2.1 Particulates 38

4.2.2.2 Radon 43

4.3 Vegetation Concentrations ........................................................................................... 57 

4.4 Meat and Milk Concentrations ...................................................................................... 58 

5 HUMAN EXPOSURE MODELS ........................................................................................... 63 

5.1 Inhalation ...................................................................................................................... 63 

5.1.1 Particulates ........................................................................................................ 63 

5.1.2 Radon ................................................................................................................. 64 
vi 

5.2 External ......................................................................................................................... 66 

5.3 Ingestion ....................................................................................................................... 68 

APPENDIX A: Variable Definitions ....................................................................................... A-1 

APPENDIX B: Case 1 User File Input Summary .................................................................. B-1 

APPENDIX C: Case 2 User File Input Summary .................................................................. C-1 

APPENDIX D: Case 3a User File Input Summary ................................................................ D-1 

APPENDIX E: Case 3b User File Input Summary ................................................................ E-1 

APPENDIX F: Case 3c User File Input Summary ................................................................ F-1 

 
vii 

FIGURES 

Figure 2-1 Calculation of the Particulate Emission Rate from the Ore Pad for the 

Sixth Wind Speed Category in Case 1 ..................................................................... 7 

Figure 2-2 Calculation of the Particulate Radionuclide Release Rates from the 

Ore Pad in Case 1 .................................................................................................... 8 

Figure 2-3 Calculation of the Radon Release Rates from the New Well Field in Case 2 .......... 9 

Figure 2-4 Calculation of the Component Radon Releases from the Production 

Well Field in Case 2 ............................................................................................... 10 

Figure 2-5 Calculation of the Total Radon Release Rates from the Production Well 

Field in Case 2 ....................................................................................................... 11 

Figure 2-6 Calculation of the Radon Releases from the Restoration Well 

Field in Case 2 ....................................................................................................... 13 

Figure 2-7 Calculation of the Annual Activity Released from the Yellowcake 

Stack in Case 1 ...................................................................................................... 14 

Figure 2-8 Calculation of the Activity Released from the Land Application Area in 

Case 2 at Time Step 4............................................................................................ 15 

Figure 3-1 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m 

Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a for the 

Momentum-Driven Plume ....................................................................................... 18 

Figure 3-2 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 54 m 

Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a for the Momentum-Driven 

Plume ..................................................................................................................... 19 

Figure 3-3 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m 

Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3c for the 

Buoyancy-Induced Plume ...................................................................................... 20 

Figure 3-4 Calculation of the Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise in Case 3c for 7.7 m 

Particulates ............................................................................................................ 21 

Figure 3-5 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the 

N Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 .................................................... 23 

Figure 3-6 Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength in 7.7 m 

Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ...................... 24 

Figure 3-7 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 54 m Particulates at the 

N Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 .................................................... 25 

Figure 3-8 Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength in 54 m 

Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ...................... 26 

Figure 3-9 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the 

N Receptor Location in Case 3c at Time Step 1 .................................................... 27 

Figure 3-10 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the 

Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ........................................ 28 

Figure 3-11 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 

7.7 m Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a....................... 29 

Figure 3-12 Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength for 7.7 m 

Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 .......... 30 

Figure 3-13 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 

7.7 m Particulates for the 5–10 km WSW Location on the Population 

Grid in Case 3a ...................................................................................................... 31 
viii 

Figure 3-14 Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength for 7.7 m 

Particulates at the 5–10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid 

in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ...................................................................................... 32 

Figure 3-15 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the 

5–10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at 

Time Step 1 ............................................................................................................ 33 

Figure 4-1 Calculation of the Direct Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW 

Receptor Location in Case 1 .................................................................................. 35 

Figure 4-2 Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW 

Receptor Location in Case 1 .................................................................................. 36 

Figure 4-3 Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW 

Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ..................................................... 37 

Figure 4-4 Calculation of the Direct Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10–20 km SSW on the 

Population Grid in Case 1 ...................................................................................... 38 

Figure 4-5 Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10–20 km SSW on the 

Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 .......................................................... 39 

Figure 4-6 Calculation of the Ground Concentration of Po-218 from Rn-222 

Decay at 5–10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid after 

Time Step 1 in Case 3a .......................................................................................... 40 

Figure 4-7 Calculation of the Resuspended Air Concentration of U-238 in 

7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident 

NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............................................ 41 

Figure 4-8 Calculation of the Resuspended Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10–20 km SSW on the Population 

Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............................................................................ 42 

Figure 4-9 Calculation of the Total Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW 

Receptor Location and the 10–20 km SSW Location on the 

Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 .......................................................... 43 

Figure 4-10 Calculation of the Total Air Concentration of U-238 from the Ore Pad 

at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location and the 10–20 km 

SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ....................... 43 

Figure 4-11 Calculation of the Effective Release Height and Effective Wind Speed 

for a Gas at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a ................................................... 44 

Figure 4-12 Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the N Receptor 

Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a ...................................................................... 45 

Figure 4-13 Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor 

Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a ...................................................................... 45 

Figure 4-14 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location 

for Time Step 1 in Case 3a for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 ............... 46 

Figure 4-15 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for 

Time Step 1 in Case 3a for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 .................... 47 

Figure 4-16 Calculation of the Effective Buoyancy-Induced Plume Release Height 

and Effective Wind Speed for a Gas (including Radon) at the 

N Receptor Location in Case 3c............................................................................. 48 
ix 

Figure 4-17 Calculation of the Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise in Case 3c for 

Gases at the N Receptor Location ......................................................................... 49 

Figure 4-18 Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the N Receptor 

Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c ...................................................................... 50 

Figure 4-19 Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor 

Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c ...................................................................... 50 

Figure 4-20 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for 

Time Step 1 in Case 3c for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 .................... 51 

Figure 4-21 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for 

Time Step 1 in Case 3c for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 .................... 52 

Figure 4-22 Calculation of the Effective Momentum-Driven Plume Release Height 

and Effective Wind Speed for a Gas at the 5–10 km WSW Location 

on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ................................................. 53 

Figure 4-23 Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW 

Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 .................................. 54 

Figure 4-24 Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW 

Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 .................................. 54 

Figure 4-25 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW Location on 

the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Pb-212 

Daughter Product of Rn-220 .................................................................................. 55 

Figure 4-26 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW Location on 

the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Pb-214 

Daughter Product of Rn-222 .................................................................................. 56 

Figure 4-27 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW Location on the 

Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Po-218 Daughter 

Product of Rn-222 .................................................................................................. 57 

Figure 4-28 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad 

in aboveground and belowground Vegetables and Potatoes at the 

Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............... 59 

Figure 4-29 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad 

in Animal Feed, Meat, and Milk at the Nearest Resident NNW 

Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ..................................................... 60 

Figure 4-30 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad 

in aboveground and belowground Vegetables and Potatoes at the 

10–20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after 

Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............................................................................................ 61 

Figure 4-31 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad 

in Animal Feed, Meat, and Milk at the 10–20 km SSW Location on the 

Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 .......................................................... 62 

Figure 5-1 Inhalation Dose Rate to Nearest Resident NNW from U-238 from 

All Particulates (7.7 m and 54 m) from the Ore Pad during 

Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............................................................................................ 63 

Figure 5-2 Population Inhalation Dose from U-238 from the Ore Pad at the 

10–20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time 

Step 4 in Case 1 ..................................................................................................... 65 

Figure 5-3 Radon Inhalation Dose to Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad 

during Time Step 4 in Case 1 ................................................................................. 66 

Figure 5-4 Radon Inhalation Population Dose from All Sources at the 10–20 km 

SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ....................... 67 
x 

Figure 5-5 External Dose from Groundshine and Cloudshine from U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 ................................ 68 

Figure 5-6 Ingestion Dose from U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates to Nearest Resident 

NNW from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 ........................................... 69 

Figure 5-7 Sample Calculations Used in Population Ingestion Dose Analysis for 

U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad during 

Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............................................................................................ 69 

Figure 5-8 Activity of U-238 in Food from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad 

at the 10–20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid at 

Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............................................................................................ 70 

Figure 5-9 Population Ingestion Dose from U-238 from the Ore Pad from 

Food Grown at the 10–20 km SSW Location on the Population 

Grid at Time Step 4 in Case 1 ................................................................................ 71 
xi 

TABLES 

Table 2-1 Sample Test Case Emission Sources ...................................................................... 5 

Table 2-2 Calculated Radionuclide Release Rates for the Grizzly Dump Hopper................... 6 

Table 2-3 Particulate Emission Rate Data for Case 1a ............................................................ 8 

Table 3-1 Comparison MILDOS-AREA of Direct Downwind Air Concentrations of 

Ra-226 during Time Step 1 with the Verification Spreadsheet for Case 3a ........... 24 

Table 5-1 Fraction of Food Type Consumed by Age Group ................................................... 70 

 

1 

1 INTRODUCTION 

The MILDOS-AREA computer code is used to estimate the radiological impacts from airborne 

emissions from uranium milling facilities. It provides the capability to consider both conventional 

uranium ore operations and operations associated with in situ recovery (ISR) facilities. The 

code is used by license applicants and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff to perform 

routine radiological impact estimates for the licensing of various uranium recovery operations. 

The technical reference and user manual for version 4 of the MILDOS-AREA computer code is 

provided in NUREG/CR-7212 (Technical Manual and User’s Guide for MILDOS-AREA 

Version 4), hereinafter referred to as the manual. This companion report documents the 

process used to verify the proper operation of the computer code. It provides assurance that 

the code is performing the calculations as intended, that is, the models are properly 

implemented in the code. 

1.1 Scope 

Independent verification of the calculations was performed external to the computer code in 

spreadsheets using Microsoft Excel® (Ver. 14 [a component of Microsoft Office Professional 

2010]). All major portions of the code were investigated. The verification was conducted on a 

step-by-step basis and used five test cases as templates. MILDOS user application files are in 

the SQLite database file format. 

The types of calculations evaluated are summarized in Section 1.3. The calculations are 

presented as figures (of the stylized equations in the spreadsheet) throughout this document. 

The equation numbers shown next to the calculations correspond with the equation numbers in 

the MILDOS-AREA manual. Consideration of all possible option combinations is not practical, 

but the calculations considered cover the basic operations of the code (e.g., radionuclide 

release, air dispersion, and deposition) and all major options (e.g., choice of plume rise model 

and Rn-222 outdoor equilibrium factor). 

1.2 Sample Test Cases 

Five sample test cases were used to evaluate the proper operation of the code. Case 1 

contains emission sources that could be found at a typical hard rock uranium milling facility. 

Case 2 involves emission sources typical of an ISR uranium facility. All source type options 

were exercised. Case 3a considers single stability class – wind speed meteorological data 

combinations for each direction; Case 3b considers the combined set, from Case 3a for a single 

direction to show proper operation of the air dispersion model. Case 3c is the same as Case 3a 

with the exception that the point source is modeled with buoyancy-induced plume rise rather 

than momentum-driven plume rise. Table 2-1 lists the emission source names and source 

types used. Detailed user input for each case is presented in the appendices. 

The sample test cases are illustrative for verification purposes only and are not intended to be 

representative of any actual scenario. Likewise, the input values used in sample cases are for 

verification purposes only and are not intended to be representative of any specific facility, 

source type, or location. The default user input parameter values in MILDOS-AREA are only 

placeholders. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the appropriate value for each user 

input for a given scenario that is to be assessed. 
2 

1.3 Calculations Verified Directory 

1.3.1 Radionuclide Release Rates 

 Point Source (Case 1; Table 2-2) 

 Area Source 

o Source Area Size (Section 2.2 discussion) 

o Particulate Emission (Erosion Model) (Case 1; Figs. 2-1 and 2-2, Table 2-3) 

 New Well Field Source (Case 2; Fig. 2-3) 

 Production Well Field Source (Case 2; Figs. 2-4 and 2-5) 

 Restoration Well Field Source (Case 2; Fig. 2-6) 

 Drying/Packaging Source (Case 1; Fig. 2-7) 

 Land Application Source (Case 2; Fig. 2-8) 

1.3.2 Air Transport 

 Effective Release Height/Wind Speed 

o Momentum-Driven Plume Rise 

 Particulates 

- Individual Receptor (non-mixing plume) (7.7 μm and 54 μm) (Case 3a; 

Figs. 3-1 and 3-2) 

- Individual Receptor (mixing plume) (7.7 μm) (Case 3a; Fig. 3-11) 

- Population (mixing plume) (7.7 μm) (Case 3a; Fig. 3-13) 

 Radon 

- Individual Receptor (non-mixing plume) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-11) 

- Population (mixing plume) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-22) 

o Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise 

 Particulates 

- Individual Receptor (non-mixing plume) (7.7 μm) (Case 3c; Figs. 3-3 and 3-4) 

 Radon 

- Individual Receptor (non-mixing plume) (Case 3a; Figs. 4-16 and 4-17) 

 Direct Downwind Air Concentration (particulates with plume depletion) 

o Non-Mixing Plume 

 Individual Receptor (momentum-driven plume rise) (7.7 μm and 54 μm) 

(Case 3a; Figs. 3-5 to 3-8 and 4-1) 

 Individual Receptor (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (7.7 μm) (Case 3a; Fig. 3-9) 

o Mixing Plume 

 Individual Receptor (momentum-driven plume rise) (7.7 μm) (Case 3a; Figs. 3-10 

and 3-12) 

 Population (momentum-driven plume rise) (7.7 μm) (Case 3a; Figs. 3-14, 3-15, 

and 4-4) 

1.3.3 Environmental Media Concentrations 

 Ground Concentrations (particulates only) 

o Individual Receptor (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Figs. 4-2 and 4-3) 

o Population (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-5) 

o Population (Rn-222 daughter Po-218) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-6) 

 Air Concentrations 
3 

o Resuspension (particulates only) 

 Individual Receptor (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-7) 

 Population (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-8) 

o Total Air Concentrations (direct + resuspended) 

 Individual Receptor (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-9) 

 Individual Receptor (particulate total) (Case 1; Fig. 4-10) 

 Population (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-9) 

 Population (particulate total) (Case 1; Fig. 4-10) 

o Radon 

 Individual Receptor 

- Rn-220 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-12) 

- Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-13) 

- Pb-212 Daughter of Rn-220 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; 

Fig. 4-14) 

- Pb-214 Daughter of Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; 

Fig. 4-15) 

- Rn-220 (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (Case 3c; Fig. 4-18) 

- Rn-222 (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (Case 3c; Fig. 4-19) 

- Pb-212 Daughter of Rn-220 (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (Case 3c; 

Fig. 4-20) 

- Pb-214 Daughter of Rn-222 (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (Case 3c; 

Fig. 4-21) 

 Population 

- Rn-220 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-23) 

- Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-24) 

- Pb-212 Daughter of Rn-220 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; 

Fig. 4-25) 

- Pb-214 Daughter of Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; 

Fig. 4-26) 

- Po-218 Daughter of Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; 

Fig. 4-27) 

 Vegetation Concentrations 

o Human Consumables 

 Individual Receptor (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-27) 

 Population (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-29) 

o Animal Feed 

 Individual Receptor (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-28) 

 Population (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-30) 

 Meat and Milk Concentrations 

o Individual Receptor (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-28) 

o Population (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-30) 

1.3.4 Human Exposure 

 Inhalation 

o Particulates 

 Dose Conversion Factor Calculation (Case 1; Fig. 5-1) 

 Individual Receptor (particulate total) (Case 1; Fig. 5-1) 

 Population (particulate total) (Case 1; Fig. 5-2) 

o Radon (Rn-220 and Rn-222) 

 Individual Receptor (Case 1; Fig. 5-3) 
4 

 Population (Case 1; Fig. 5-4) 

 External (groundshine and cloudshine) 

o Individual Receptor (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-5) 

o Population (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-5) 

 Ingestion 

o Individual Receptor (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-6) 

o Population 

 Fraction of Meat Produced in Population Segment Consumed by Adults (Case 1; 

Fig. 5-7) 

 Average Vegetable Concentrations in Population Segment (7.7 μm) (Case 1; 

Fig. 5-7) 

 Fraction of Food Type Consumed by Age Group (Case 1; Table 5-1) 

 Total Activity in Food in Population Segment (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-8) 

 Ingestion Dose by Age Group in Population Segment (7.7 μm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-7) 

1.4 Report Organization 

The presentation order of the calculation verification follows the general order of the calculation 

order when estimating impacts. The first two test cases used as the basis for the code 

verification are described in Chapter 2 along with verification of the estimated radionuclide 

release amounts for each case. Chapter 3 considers the air dispersion calculations using the 

other three test cases. The resulting media concentrations (air, ground, plant, and animal) are 

examined in Chapter 4. Human exposure calculations are considered in Chapter 5. 
5 

2 RELEASE CALCULATIONS 

This chapter examines the calculations used to estimate the amount of radionuclides released 

for each of the emission source types considered in MILDOS-AREA. The estimated release of 

activity for each source type is calculated according to the methodology provided in the 

MILDOS-AREA manual and compared with the results in the sample case files generated by the 

computer code to verify proper operation of the code. 

2.1 Point Source 

The point source in Case 1 is the “Grizzly Dump Hopper” as listed in Table 2-1. The actual 

radionuclide release rate (the adjusted release rate) is the product of the user input release rate 

for a given radionuclide and the appropriate time step adjustment factor for particulates or 

radon. Table 2-2 lists the user release rate input, the particulate and radon adjustment factors 

for each of the four time steps, and the adjusted radionuclide release rates. 

Table 2-1 Sample Test Case Emission Sources 

Case No. 

Source 

No. Source Name Source Type 

1 1 Yellowcake Stack Drying/Packaging Source 

 2 Ore Pad Area Source 

 3 Grizzly Dump Hopper Point Source 

 4 Tailings Area 1 Area Source 

 5 Tailings Area 2 Area Source 

 6 Tailings Area 3 Area Source 

 

2 1 Dryer Stack Drying/Packaging Source 

 2 New Well Field New Well Field Source 

 3 Production Well Field Production Well Field Source 

 4 Restoration Well Field Restoration Well Field Source 

 5 Land Application Area Land Application Area Source 

 

3a, 3b, 3c 1 Point Source 1 Point Source, same source term 

as the Grizzly Dump Hopper 

source in Case 1 

2.2 Area Source 

In MILDOS-AREA, the particulate radionuclide release rate for an area source is dependent on 

the concentration of the radionuclide in the soil, the average emission (release) rate of 

particulate material per unit area, and the source area. Three types of area sources may be 

defined in MILDOS-AREA according to their geometry: circular, rectangular, or polygonal. 

Circular sources are defined by their radius (r) (area = r2), rectangular sources by their length 

(l) and width (w) (area = l × w), and polygonal sources by the locations of their vertices, the area 

being calculated by the GIS module. 

 
6 

Table 2-2 Calculated Radionuclide Release Rates 

for the Grizzly Dump Hopper 

 Release 

Adjusted Release Rate during Time Step 

(Ci/yr) 

 Rate Input Time Step 

Nuclide (Ci/yr) 1 2 3 4 

U-238 0.026 0.0208 0.026 0.026 0.0234 

U-234 

Th-230 0.026 0.0208 0.026 0.026 0.0234 

Ra-226 0.026 0.0208 0.026 0.026 0.0234 

Pb-210 0.026 0.0208 0.026 0.026 0.0234 

Bi-210 

Po-210 

Th-232 0.0008 0.00064 0.0008 0.0008 0.00072 

Ra-228 0.0008 0.00064 0.0008 0.0008 0.00072 

Ac-228 

Th-228 0.0008 0.00064 0.0008 0.0008 0.00072 

Ra-224 

 

Rn-222 42 33.6 42 42 37.8 

Rn-220 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.35 

 

Particulate adjustment factor 0.8 1 1 0.9 

Radon adjustment factor 0.8 1 1 0.9 

The Ore Pad in Case 1 is defined as a circular area source with a radius of 100 m. The area of 

the source is therefore r2 = 31,416 m2, as is shown in the user interface and the standard 

results output. In MILDOS-AREA, the particulate emission rate can be either input directly by 

the user or estimated using the particulate erosion model. The particulate erosion model was 

used for the Ore Pad. Figure 2-1 shows the calculation of the particulate emission rate for the 

sixth wind speed category represented by a wind speed of 12.51 m/s. The total particulate 

emission rate (6.03 × 10-7 g/m2-s) is based on the weighted average of the value calculated for 

each wind speed category. Table 2-3 lists the wind speed for each wind speed category, the 

particulate emission rate calculated for each wind speed, and the fraction of time that the wind is 

blowing at each wind speed (from the joint-frequency distribution data in the Case 1 user file). 

Figure 2-2 shows the particulate radionuclide release rate calculations according to 

Equation 2.1 in the manual. These values match those shown in the standard results output 

(Table heading – “Source Release Terms before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y]”) and are 

multiplied by the radon or radon adjustment factor for a given time step when estimating doses 

for that time step. 

The dimensions of the Tailings Pile 1 rectangular area source are defined as 378 m by 378 m. 

The source area is therefore 142,884 m2, which is correctly reported by the user interface and in 

the standard results output. A set of calculations for Tailings Pile 1 particulate radionuclide 

releases were performed similar to those shown in Figure 2-2 for the Ore Pad and compared 

with the standard results output for the Tailings Pile 1 source. The two sets of results matched. 
7 

Figure 2-1 Calculation of the Particulate Emission Rate (qv) from the Ore Pad for the Sixth Wind Speed Category in Case 1 

Particulate emission rate

3.0

p (unitless)

3

0.000002 0.7248

Cv (g/m-s) 1 u* (m/s)

2.76E-05 = 22.79 x x x - 1 (2.2)

qv (g/m2-s) qh (g/m-s) 100 0.2910 0.2910

Ch (g-s2/m4) u*t (m/s) u*t (m/s)

Shear velocity

12.51712

uz (m/s)

0.7248 = (2.3)

u* (m/s) 10

z (m)

2.5 x ln

0.01

zo (g/m-s)

Threshold shear velocity

2400000 - 1200

p (g/m3) a (g/m3)

0.2910 = 0.1 x x 9.8067 x 0.0003 x 1.8 + 0.6 * log10 0.1 (2.4)

u*t (m/s) Ct (unitless) 1200 g (m/s2) d (m) W (wt. percent)

a (g/m3)

Horizontal flux

22.79 = 100 x 0.7248 x 0.7248 - 0.2910 (2.5)

qh (g/m-s) Ch (g-s2/m4) u* (m/s) u* (m/s) u*t (m/s)

3

2

1/2
8 

Table 2-3 Particulate Emission Rate 

Data for Case 1a

Wind Speedb

(m/s) 

Fraction of 

Time at 

Speedc

Particulate 

Emission 

Rated (g/m-s) 

0.671 0.21091 0 

2.459 0.27333 0 

4.470 0.29776 0 

6.929 0.16841 5.45 × 10-7

9.611 0.03979 6.09 × 10-6

12.52 0.00976 2.76 × 10-5

a For particle density of 2.4 gm/cm3. 

b MILDOS-AREA default wind speeds for each of 

the six wind speed categories. 

c

 From joint frequency data in Case 1 user file. 

d Calculated using the erosion model in the 

verification spreadsheet. 

Figure 2-2 Calculation of the Particulate Radionuclide Release Rates from the Ore Pad in 

Case 1 

Particulate Radionuclide Release Rates from the Ore Pad

3.87E-04 = 647 x 6.03E-07 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1) 

U-238 (Ci/yr) Ua (pCi/g) qv (g/m2

-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi)

3.87E-04 = 647 x 6.03E-07 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1) 

Th-230 (Ci/yr) Th-230a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2

-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi)

3.87E-04 = 647 x 6.03E-07 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1) 

Ra-226 (Ci/yr) Ra-226a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2

-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi)

3.87E-04 = 647 x 6.03E-07 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1) 

Pb-210 (Ci/yr) Pb-210a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2

-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi)

1.02E-05 = 17 x 6.03E-07 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1) 

Th-232 (Ci/yr) Th-232a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2

-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi)

1.02E-05 = 17 x 6.03E-07 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1) 

Ra-228 (Ci/yr) Ra-228a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2

-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi)

1.02E-05 = 17 x 6.03E-07 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1) 

Th-228 (Ci/yr) Th-228a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2

-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi)
9 

For the Tailings Pile 3 polygonal area source, the area is reported as 840,000 m3 as determined 

by the GIS module and reported in the user interface and the standard results output. This 

source can be decomposed to adjoining rectangles and right triangles, the areas of which can 

be calculated and summed to obtain the same value of 840,000 m3. 

A set of calculations for Tailings Pile 3 particulate radionuclide releases were performed similar 

to those shown in Figure 2-2 for the Ore Pad and compared with the standard results output for 

the Tailings Pile 3 source. The two sets of results matched. 

2.3 New Well Field Source 

The amount of radon released during the installation of a new well field calculated by MILDOSAREA is assumed depend on the emission of radon from radium in the mud pits associated with 

the drilling of new wells. Thus, the release rate of radon depends on the concentration of 

radium in the ore (CoRa), the emanating power for radon from radium in particulates (ERn222 or 

ERn220), the amount of material in each mud pit (More), the storage time in the mud pit (tpit), and 

the number of mud pits generated per year (Npit). The new well field source in Case 2 is 

identified as New Well Field. The calculations for the release rates of Rn-222 and Rn-220 are 

shown in Figure 2-3. Both release rate values match those in the standard results output for 

Case 2. 

Figure 2-3 Calculation of the Radon Release Rates from the New Well Field in Case 2 

2.4 Production Well Field Source 

The amount of radon released from a production well field is calculated as the sum of emission 

from purge water, well venting, and ion exchange resin unloading. All three processes depend 

on the radon concentration in the process water circulating through the well field. The radon 

concentration depends on the fraction of the radon source in the circulating water (fRn); the 

emanation power and decay constant (λRn222 or λRn220) of radon; the concentration of radium in 

the ore ([Ra-226] or [Ra-224]); the active area of the ore zone (A); the average thickness of the 

ore zone (D); the bulk density of the ore material (); the vent rate of radon (vRn); the volume of 

water circulating through the well field (V); the purge rate of treated water (Fp); and the water 

discharge rate from resin unloading (Fix). 

The concentrations of Rn-222 and Rn-220 in the production well field process water for Case 2 

were estimated as shown in the top of Figure 2-4. These concentrations were then used in the 

estimation of radon releases from the purge water, the venting process, and the ion exchange 

unloading as shown in the lower portion of Figure 2-4. The total radon releases are the sum of 

these processes as shown in Figure 2-5. The estimated total release of 1,140 Ci/yr of Rn-222 

and 24.9 Ci/yr of Rn-220 match the standard output results for Case 2. 

New Well Field Source Release Rates

2.71E-02 = 1.00E-12 x 0.25 x 0.181 x 300 x 10 x 4750000 x 42 (2.7)

Rn222nw (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) ERn222 (unitless) Rn222 (1/d) CoRa226 (pCi/g) tpit (d) More (g) Npit (1/yr)

3.22E+00 = 1.00E-12 x 0.15 x 1077 x 10 x 10 x 4750000 x 42 (2.8)

Rn220nw (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) ERn220 (unitless) Rn220 (1/d) CoRa224 (pCi/g) tpit (d) More (g) Npit (1/yr)
10 

Radon Concentration in Circulating Production Well Field Water

Figure 2-4 Calculation of the Component Radon Releases from the Production Well Field in Case 2 

1.00E+06 x 300 x 270000 x 7 x 1.8 x 0.25 x 0.181 x 0.8

(cm3/m3) CoRa226 (pCi/g) A (m2) D (m)  (g/cm3) ERn222 (unitless) Rn222 (1/d) fRn (unitless)

1.01E+08 = (2.14)

CwRn222 (pCi/L) 0.181 + 0.001 x 1850000 + 18500 + 10560

Rn222 (1/d) vRn (1/d) V (L) Fp (L/d) Fix (L/d)

1.00E+06 x 10 x 270000 x 7 x 1.8 x 0.15 x 1077 x 0.8

(cm3/m3) CoRa224 (pCi/g) A (m2) D (m)  (g/cm3) ERn220 (unitless) Rn220 (1/d) fRn (unitless)

2.21E+06 = (2.15)

CwRn220 (pCi/L) 1077 + 0.001 x 1850000 + 18500 + 10560

Rn220 (1/d) vRn (1/d) V (L) Fp (L/d) Fix (L/d)

Radon Release Rates from Purge Water

6.82E+02 = 3.65E-10 x 1.01E+08 x 18500 (2.16)

Rn222w (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi)(d/yr) CwRn222 (pCi/L) Fp (L/d)

1.49E+01 = 3.65E-10 x 2.21E+06 x 18500 (2.17)

Rn220w (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi)(d/yr) CwRn220 (pCi/L) Fp (L/d)

Radon Release Rates from Venting

6.82E+01 = 3.65E-10 x 0.001 x 1.01E+08 x 1850000 (2.18)

Rn222v (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi)(d/yr) vRn (1/d) CwRn222 (pCi/L) V (L)

1.49E+00 = 3.65E-10 x 0.001 x 2.21E+06 x 1850000 (2.19)

Rn220v (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi)(d/yr) vRn (1/d) CwRn220 (pCi/L) V (L)

Radon Release Rates From Ion Exchange Unloading

10560 = 2 x 13200 x 0.4 (2.13)

Fix (L/d) Nix (1/d) Vix (L) Pix (unitless)

3.89E+02 = 3.65E-10 x 1.01E+08 x 10560 (2.20)

Rn222ix (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi)(d/yr) CwRn222 (pCi/L) Fix (L/d)

8.51E+00 = 3.65E-10 x 2.21E+06 x 10560 (2.21)

Rn220ix (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi)(d/yr) CwRn220 (pCi/L) Fix (L/d)
11 

Figure 2-5 Calculation of the Total Radon Release Rates from the Production Well Field 

in Case 2 

2.5 Restoration Well Field Source 

Operation of a restoration well field is similar to that for the production well field. In this 

instance, there is no contribution to the radon release rate from the unloading of ion exchange 

resin, and the restoration activities may not run continuously throughout the year. Figure 2-6 

presents the calculation of the radon release rates from the restoration well field for Case 2. As 

can be seen, the estimated total release of 1,140 Ci/yr of Rn-222 and 24.1 Ci/yr of Rn-220 

match the standard output results for Case 2. 

2.6 Drying/Packaging Source 

Estimation of the amount of activity in particulate matter that escapes from a drying/packaging 

source depends on the daily production rate of yellowcake at the facility (RYC); the fraction 

released to the stack (fs); the amount of U-238 in yellowcake; the specific activity of U-238 

(U238sa); and the fractional amounts of Th-238, Ra-226, and Pb-210 relative to the release 

amount of U-238 (TH238dp, RA226dp, and PB210dp, respectively). Because isolated yellowcake 

(U3O8) is modeled, the contribution from U-238 daughter nuclides will be small, and no thorium 

ore radionuclides are considered in MILDOS-AREA for this type of source. Calculations for the 

activity released from the yellowcake stack source modeled in Case 1 are provided in 

Figure 2-7. 

2.7 Land Application Source 

The emitted activity from a land application source depends on the past irrigation of the subject 

source area with water containing low levels of radionuclides and the retention of any 

radionuclides by the soil. Emission of the activity is assumed to occur via wind erosion of the 

contaminated soil. 

To estimate the radionuclide concentration in the soil, a number of parameters are required 

including the concentration of the radionuclide in the irrigation water (Ciw); the water application 

rate (Rw); the source area (As); the depth of soil penetration (Ds); the soil bulk density (s); the 

number of time steps considered and their duration (tsi) for the ith time step; the particulate 

source term adjustment factor for each time step (PAi); the soil volume water content (w); decay 

constants to account for radioactive decay (i) and for environmental loss from the soil (e); and 

the radionuclide distribution coefficient for soil (Kd). 

Figure 2-8 presents the calculations to estimate the emission of Ra-226 from the land 

application area at time step 4. The overall decay constant for Ra-226 is first calculated for later 

use in calculating the soil concentration. A retardation factor of 22,600 (Equation 2.28) is 

Total Radon Release Rates from the Production Well Field

1.14E+03 = 6.82E+02 + 6.82E+01 + 3.89E+02

Rn222pw (Ci/yr) Rn222w (Ci/yr) Rn222v (Ci/yr) Rn222ix (Ci/yr)

2.49E+01 = 1.49E+01 + 1.49E+00 + 8.51E+00

Rn220pw (Ci/yr) Rn220w (Ci/yr) Rn220v (Ci/yr) Rn220ix (Ci/yr)
12 

estimated for calculating the fraction of Ra-226 in the applied water in the soil – a value of 1 as 

determined by Equation 2.27. This value is then used in Equation 2.30 to calculate a 

concentration of 0.00789 pCi/g of Ra-226 in the irrigated soil at time step 4. The emission rate 

of Ra-226 is then calculated using Equation 2.1 to obtain 6.11 × 10-14 Ci/s. 

Because, unlike the other source types, the release rate of radionuclides from a land application 

source depends on the current and previous time steps, these intermediate results are not 

stored in the user file. To verify the calculated emission rate, it was multiplied by the normalized 

air concentration at the north fence line (taken from the Case 2 interactive results output) to 

obtain the direct air concentration of Ra-226 due to the land application area at that receptor 

location. Since the air concentrations reported by MILDOS-AREA include contributions from 

resuspension of previously deposited material, the Case 2 input was run with the resuspension 

deposition velocity set to 1 × 10-5 m/s (its minimum value) to essentially zero out the 

resuspension contribution to the air concentration. The verification result of 1.42 × 10-20 Ci/m3

for the Ra-226 air concentration as shown at the bottom of Figure 2-8 matched the result 

obtained for the Ra-226 concentration for time step 4 when resuspension is not considered. 
13 

Radon Concentration in Circulating Restoration Well Field Water

Figure 2-6 Calculation of the Radon Releases from the Restoration Well Field in Case 2 

1.00E+06 x 300 x 270000 x 7 x 2.65 x 0.25 x 0.181 x 0.8

(cm3/m3) CoRa226 (pCi/g) A (m2) D (m)  (g/cm3) ERn222 (unitless) Rn222 (1/d) fRn (unitless)

1.53E+08 = (2.14)

CwRn222 (pCi/L) 0.181 + 0.001 x 1850000 + 18500

Rn222 (1/d) vRn (1/d) V (L) Fp (L/d)

1.00E+06 x 10 x 270000 x 7 x 2.65 x 0.15 x 1077 x 0.8

(cm3/m3) CoRa224 (pCi/g) A (m2) D (m)  (g/cm3) ERn220 (unitless) Rn220 (1/d) fRn (unitless)

3.25E+06 =

CwRn220 (pCi/L) 1077 + 0.001 x 1850000 + 18500 (2.15)

Rn220 (1/d) vRn (1/d) V (L) Fp (L/d)

Radon Release Rates from Purge Water

1.03E+03 = 3.65E-10 x 1.53E+08 x 18500 (2.16)

Rn222w (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi)(d/yr) CwRn222 (pCi/L) Fp (L/d)

2.19E+01 = 3.65E-10 x 3.25E+06 x 18500 (2.17)

Rn220w (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi)(d/yr) CwRn220 (pCi/L) Fp (L/d)

Radon Release Rates from Venting

1.03E+02 = 1.00E-12 x 0.001 x 1.53E+08 x 1850000 x 365 (2.18)*

Rn222v (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) vRn (1/d) CwRn222 (pCi/L) V (L) dop (d)

2.19E+00 = 1.00E-12 x 0.001 x 3.25E+06 x 1850000 x 365 (2.19)*

Rn220v (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) vRn (1/d) CwRn220 (pCi/L) V (L) dop (d)

Total Radon Release Rates from the Restoration Well Field

1.14E+03 = 1.03E+03 + 1.03E+02

Rn222rw (Ci/yr) Rn222w (Ci/yr) Rn222v (Ci/yr)

2.41E+01 = 2.19E+01 + 2.19E+00

Rn220rw (Ci/yr) Rn220w (Ci/yr) Rn220v (Ci/yr)
14 

Figure 2-7 Calculation of the Annual Activity Released from the Yellowcake Stack in 

Case 1 

 

Drying / Packaging Source Release Rates

7.15E-02 = 365.25 x 700 x 848 x 3.3E-07 x 1.0E-03 (2.22)

U238dp (Ci/yr) (d/yr) RYC (kg/d) (g U /kg U3O8) U238sa (Ci/g) fs (unitless)

3.58E-04 = 7.15E-02 x 0.005 (2.23)

TH230dp (Ci/yr) U238dp (Ci/yr) fTh (unitless)

3.58E-04 = 7.15E-02 x 0.005 (2.24)

RA226dp (Ci/yr) U238dp (Ci/yr) fRa (unitless)

3.58E-04 = 7.15E-02 x 0.005 (2.25)

PB210dp (Ci/yr) U238dp (Ci/yr) fothers (unitless)
15 

Figure 2-8 Calculation of the Activity Released from the Land Application Area in Case 2 

at Time Step 4 (3 micron) 

17 

3 ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION 

This chapter examines the calculations used to estimate the downwind dispersion of gases and 

particulates. The end result is the (direct) normalized air concentration of a gas or a specific 

particulate plume at a given receptor location. Note that in the case of particulates for which 

ground concentrations are calculated (see Table 2-1 in the manual), the total air concentration 

at the receptor location includes a contribution from resuspension. The air concentration 

contribution from resuspension is covered in Section 4.2.1. 

The calculated air concentration for a specific particle size from a specific source at a specific 

receptor location is the sum of the weighted averages of the fraction of time (frequency) that the 

wind is blowing in the direction of the receptor from the source at particular wind speed/weather 

stability class combinations. Knowing the radionuclide concentration per mass of particulate, 

the radionuclide concentration can then be calculated. To check the proper downwind air 

concentrations of radionuclides, the scenarios in the Case 3a, Case 3b, and Case 3c example 

files are used to check the proper calculation of downwind radionuclide concentrations at the 

individual receptors all located at a distance of 1 km from the source. The Case 3a file has a 

single point source with a single receptor at a distance of 1 km in each of the 16 directions used 

in the model. Each direction has only one stability class/wind speed value assigned in the joint 

frequency distribution data. 

The sample calculations covered in the following sections review the calculations to estimate 

the effective release height (Section 3.1) and the radionuclide concentrations from the Gaussian 

plume model used in the code (Section 3.2) for a given radionuclide/particle size for a given 

stability class/wind speed combination. To show the proper summation of results from multiple 

stability class/wind speed combinations for the same direction, the sum of results from all 16 

receptors in Case 3a are compared with the air concentration results from Case 3b where only 

one receptor at 1 km is considered using the same stability class/wind speed combinations from 

Case 3a, but all occurring in the direction of the one receptor. 

3.1 Effective Release Height 

In Case 3a, a point source with a momentum driven plume rise involving the release of 

particulates having a distribution set of 30% with a 7.7 m diameter and 70% with a 54 m 

diameter is evaluated. The first equation in Figure 3-1 evaluates the plume’s effective release 

height (H; 17.7 m) of the 7.7 m diameter particulates at a distance of 1,000 m. The effective 

release height is a function of the release height (h; 15 m), plume rise due to the plume’s 

momentum at the release location (h; 3.28 m), vertical settling (hv; 0.57 m), and any correction 

due to the receptor’s elevation relative to the source (0 m). Both the momentum plume rise and 

the vertical settling of the plume depend on the effective wind speed (UH) as calculated 

(7.55 m/s) for the receptor location. 

The parallel set of calculations for the effective release height and wind speed for the 54 m 

particulates is presented in Figure 3-2. In this instance, the heavier particulates cause 

substantial settling of the plume with the effective plume height limited to ground level (0 m) for 

the receptor location. 
18 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-1 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m 

Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a for the Momentum-Driven 

Plume 

Effective Release Height

17.71 = max ( 15.00 + 3.28 - 0.57 , 0) 

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

 - ( 1 - 0.50 ) x min ( max ( 17.71 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep

Plume (Vertical) Settling

1000 x 0.00427

x (m) Vs (m/s)

0.57 = (3.10)

hv (m) 7.55

UH (m/s)

0.00427 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2

 x 2.40 (3.11)

Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm3

)

Plume Rise

Momentum Driven Plume

11 x 1.5

vs (m/s) ds (m)

3.28 = 1.5 x (3.2)

h (m) 7.55

UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed

 If H <= 10 m

N/A = 6.93

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s)

 else 0.15

17.71 p

H (m)

7.55 = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00

za (m)
19 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-2 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 54 m 

Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a for the Momentum-Driven 

Plume 

As a check on buoyant plume rise calculations, a second set of parallel calculations for the 

effective release height and wind speed for the 7.7 m particulates was conducted (Case 3c) 

using a buoyant plume rather than the momentum driven plume. The resulting values were 

20.8 m and 7.74 m/s for the effective release height and wind speed, respectively, and 6.36 m 

for the buoyancy induced plume rise as shown in Figures 3.3 and 3.4. 

Effective Release Height

0.00 = max ( 15.00 + 3.57 - 30.30 , 0) 

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

 - ( 1 - 0.50 ) x min ( max ( -11.72 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep

Plume (Vertical) Settling

1000 x 0.20995

x (m) Vs (m/s)

30.30 = (3.10)

hv (m) 6.93

UH (m/s)

0.210 = 3 x 10-5 x 54.00 2

 x 2.40 (3.11)

Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm3

)

Plume Rise

Momentum Driven Plume

11 x 1.5

vs (m/s) ds (m)

3.57 = 1.5 x (3.2)

h (m) 6.93

UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed

 If H <= 10 m

6.93 = 6.93

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s)

 else 0.15

0.00 p

H (m)

N/A = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00

za (m)
20 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-3 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m 

Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3c for the Buoyancy-Induced 

Plume 

 

Effective Release Height

20.81 = max ( 15.00 + 6.36 - 0.55 , 0) 

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

 - ( 1 - 1.00 ) x min ( max ( 20.81 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -15.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep

Plume (Vertical) Settling

1000 x 0.00427

x (m) Vs (m/s)

0.55 = (3.10)

hv (m) 7.74

UH (m/s)

0.004 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2

 x 2.40 (3.11)

Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm3

)

Plume Rise

Momentum Driven Plume

11 x 1.5

vs (m/s) ds (m)

N/A = 1.5 x (3.2)

h (m) 7.74

UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed

 If H <= 10 m

N/A = 6.93

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s)

 else 0.15

20.81 p

H (m)

7.74 = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00

za (m)
21 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-4 Calculation of the Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise in Case 3c for 7.7 m 

Particulates 

 

Buouancy Induced Plume

Unstable/Neutral Conditons (A-D)

x <= 10 x stack height

1.6

N/A = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 1000000 ]1/3 (3.3)

h (m) 7.74 (m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s) x2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

x > 10 x stack height

1.6

6.36 = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 100 x 225.00 ]1/3 (3.4)

h (m) 7.74 (m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s) h2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

Stable Conditions (E,F)

Still expanding [x <= 2.4 (UH/s1/2) and U >= Utest]

1.6

N/A = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 1000000 ]1/3 (3.5)

h (m) 7.74 (m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s) x2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

Far limit [x > 2.4 (UH/s1/2) and U >= Utest]

3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 1/3

(m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s)

N/A = 2.9 x (3.6)

h (m) 7.74 x 0.001213

UH (m/s) s (s-2

)

Light wind, vertical rise (U < Utest)

 [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 ] 1/4

 (m4/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s)

N/A = 5.0 x (3.7)

h (m) [ 0.001213 ] 3/8

s (s-2)

s: stability parameter [g/ * d/dz]

9.80665

g (m/s2

)

0.001213 = x 0.035 (3.8)

s (s-2) 283 dT/dz + l (o

K/m)

Ta(

o

K)

wind speed cut-off

0.089862 = 0.195 x [3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 ] 1/4 x [ 0.001213 ] 1/8 (3.9)

Utest (m/s) (m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s) s (s-2)
22 

3.2 Downwind Direct Air Concentrations 

3.2.1 No Plume Reflection 

As shown in Figure 3-5 for Case 3a, the downwind air concentration of Ra-226 in the 7.7 m 

particulates is first calculated to be 5.68 × 10-15 Ci/m3 without adjustments for the fraction of that 

particulate size released, the particulate adjustment factor (PA), and the wind frequency in the 

direction of the receptor. As determined using Equation 3.18, plume reflection is not considered 

(i.e., at a distance of 1,000 m, the plume has not reached the lid [mixing layer] height) for the 

atmospheric conditions considered (D stability, 6.93 m/s wind speed). The downwind depleted 

source strength (Qxi) of 7.90 × 10-10 Ci/s for Ra-226 used in Equation 3.26 depends on the 

original source term release rate (Q0i; 0.026 Ci/yr/3.15 × 107 s/yr = 8.24 × 10-10 Ci/s) and wet 

and dry deposition from the plume out to the receptor location. 

The calculation for the depleted source strength is shown in Figure 3-6. Wet deposition 

depends on the washout coefficient (Vw; 0.000126 /s), the rainfall rate (R; 0.1255 mm/h), the 

distance between source and receptor (x; 1,000 m), and the effective wind speed (UH; 

7.55 m/s). Dry deposition depends on the deposition velocity (Vdp; 0.01 m/s), the effective wind 

speed, and the no-mixing plume integral of F(x) from 0 to x involving the effective release height 

(H) and the vertical dispersion coefficient (z) (Equation 3.30 in the manual): 

  , 2 exp 2

2

z

z

H

F x



 













 



 (3.30) 

The calculated value of the F(x) integral was performed in the “hand calculation” verification 

spreadsheet by evaluating F(x) and its component values at 1 m intervals from 1 to 1,000 m 

(from the source to the receptor) and the results for F(x) summed. 

As shown at the bottom of Figure 3-5, the final value of 8.52 × 10-17 Ci/m3 for the direct 

downwind Ra-226 air concentration from 7.7 m particulates at the N Receptor location is 

obtained by multiplying the unadjusted value of 5.68 × 10-15 Ci/m3 by the fraction of release 

composed of 7.7 m particulates (0.3), the particulate adjustment fraction for time step 1 (0.8), 

and the fraction of time that the wind is blowing in the direction of the receptor (0.0625). This 

result is in excellent agreement with the value of 8.53 × 10-17 Ci/m3 in the Case 3a results. 

For Ra-226 in the 54 m particulate fraction in Case 3a, the calculation of downwind air 

concentration is presented in Figure 3-7, and the supporting depleted source strength 

calculation is shown in Figure 3-8. As seen in Figure 3-7, the plume does not reach the plume 

mixing region at the N Receptor location, as was the same for the 7.7 m fraction. For 

calculation of the depleted source strength (Equation 3.35 in Figure 3-8), the deposition velocity 

is set equal to the settling velocity any time that the settling velocity exceeds 0.01 m/s, as 

discussed in Section 3.6.1 in the manual. 

The deposition velocity in this instance is set to 0.210 m/s, the value of the settling velocity as 

calculated using Equation 3.11 shown in Figure 3-2. The final value for the direct downwind 

Ra-226 air concentration from 54 m particulates is 1.01 × 10-16 Ci/m3 for time step 1 at the 

N Receptor location, in excellent agreement with the value of 1.00 × 10-16 Ci/m3 obtained in 

Case 3a using the code. 
23 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-5 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor 

Location in Case 3a (Momentum-Driven Plume) at Time Step 1 

Plume reflection not considered if

 ( 1 - 17.71 / 1000 ) 1/2

H (m) L (m)

z(x) < = x 1000 = 825.9 [TRUE] (3.18)

1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m) 

Then

199 = 1000.00 x tan(11.25o

) (3.23)

ysec (m) x (m)

7.90E-10 - 3.14E+02

Qxi (Ci/s) H2

 (m2)

5.68E-15 = x exp (3.26)

Csec(i,x) if no mixing x 31.5 x 7.55 x 198.91 2 x 9.94E+02

(Ci/m3

) z (m) UH (m/s) ysec (m) z

2 (m2

)

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if

 0 < = 17.71 / 1000 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37 x 17.71 / 1000 )

2

+0.489x( 17.71 / 1000 ) + 0.756 ] = 763.9 [FALSE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

OR

 0.5 < = 17.71 / 1000 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37x 17.71 / 1000 )

2

+ 4.25 x( 17.71 / 1000 ) - 1.13 ] = -1055.5 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

Then

8.09E-10

Qxi (Ci/s)

N/A = (3.28)

Csec(i,x) if mixing x 198.91 x 7.55 x 1000

(Ci/m3

) ysec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used

The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

31.5 - 825.9

z (m) z,no-mix (m) 

1.000 =

FracNoMix 763.9 - 825.9

z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) 

 and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is

N/A = 1.0 x 5.68E-15 + ( 1 - 1.000 ) x N/A

Csec(i,x) FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if mixing

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226

8.52E-17 = 5.68E-15 x 3.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02

Csec(i,x) Csec(i,x) Fraction PAi (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size
24 

Figure 3-6 Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength in 7.7 m Particulates at 

the N Receptor Location in Case 3a (Momentum-Driven Plume) at Time Step 1 

Table 3-1 provides a comparison of results for both particulate sizes for all 16 receptors 

considered in the Case 3a file against those results using the verification spreadsheet. 

For the situation with a buoyancy-induced plume in Case 3c, the resulting direct air 

concentration of 7.84 × 10-17 Ci/m3 of Ra-226 in 7.7 m particulates as shown in Figure 3-9 is in 

good agreement with the Case 3c results of 7.87 × 10-17 Ci/m3. 

Table 3-1 Comparison MILDOS-AREA of Direct Downwind Air Concentrations of Ra-226 

during Time Step 1 with the Verification Spreadsheet for Case 3a 

Wind Blowing 

Wind 

Speed 

Category/ 

Stability Case 3a (Ci/m3) Verification (Ci/m3) 

From: To: Speed 

(m/s) 

Category Receptor Name 7.7 m 54 m 7.7 m 54 m 

N S 1 (0.67) A S Receptor 5.88E-17 8.73E-18 5.88E-17 8.71E-18 

NNE SSW 2 (2.46) A SSW Receptor 1.96E-17 2.16E-17 1.96E-17 2.17E-17 

NE SW 2 (2.46) B SW Receptor 7.70E-17 4.99E-17 7.69E-17 5.00E-17 

ENE WSW 3 (4.47) B WSW Receptor 4.48E-17 5.32E-17 4.48E-17 5.33E-17 

E W 4 (6.93) B W Receptor 2.97E-17 4.57E-17 2.96E-17 4.57E-17 

ESE WNW 3 (4.47) C WNW Receptor 7.61E-17 7.33E-17 7.61E-17 7.27E-17 

SE NW 5 (9.61) C NW Receptor 3.74E-17 6.16E-17 3.74E-17 6.13E-17 

SSE NNW 6 (12.5) C NNW Receptor 2.90E-17 5.30E-17 2.91E-17 5.28E-17 

S N 4 (6.93) D N Receptor 8.53E-17 1.00E-16 8.52E-17 1.01E-16 

SSW NNE 5 (9.61) D NNE Receptor 6.34E-17 9.81E-17 6.33E-17 9.83E-17 

SW NE 6 (12.5) D NE Receptor 4.96E-17 8.97E-17 4.96E-17 8.98E-17 

WSW ENE 2 (2.46) E ENE Receptor 2.10E-16 1.87E-17 2.10E-16 1.86E-17 

W E 3 (4.47) E E Receptor 1.38E-16 7.88E-17 1.38E-16 7.87E-17 

WNW ESE 4 (6.93) E ESE Receptor 9.66E-17 1.19E-16 9.63E-17 1.18E-16 

NW SE 1 (0.67) F SE Receptor 1.45E-16 5.80E-22 1.46E-16 5.68E-22 

NNW SSE 2 (2.46) F SSE Receptor 1.62E-16 5.00E-18 1.61E-16 4.87E-18 

 Total 1.32E-15 8.76E-16 
25 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-7 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 54 m Particulates at the N Receptor 

Location in Case 3a (Momentum-Driven Plume) at Time Step 1 

Plume reflection not considered if

 ( 1 - 0.00 / 1000 ) 1/2

H (m) L (m)

z(x) < = x 1000 = 833.3 [TRUE] (3.18)

1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m) 

Then

199 = 1000.00 x tan(11.25o

) (3.23)

ysec (m) x (m)

3.14E-10 - 0.00E+00

Qxi (Ci/s) H2

 (m2)

2.88E-15 = x exp (3.26)

Csec(i,x) if no mixing x 31.5 x 6.93 x 198.91 2 x 9.94E+02

(Ci/m3

) z (m) UH (m/s) ysec (m) z

2 (m2

)

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if

 0 < = 0.00 / 1000 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37 x 0.00 / 1000 )

2

+0.489x( 0.00 / 1000 ) + 0.756 ] = 756.0 [FALSE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

OR

 0.5 < = 0.00 / 1000 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37x 0.00 / 1000 )

2

+ 4.25 x( 0.00 / 1000 ) - 1.13 ] = -1130.0 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

Then

7.90E-10

Qxi (Ci/s)

N/A = (3.28)

Csec(i,x) if mixing x 198.91 x 6.93 x 1000

(Ci/m3

) ysec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used

The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

31.5 - 833.3

z (m) z,no-mix (m) 

1.000 =

FracNoMix 756.0 - 833.3

z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) 

 and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is

N/A = 1.0 x 2.88E-15 + ( 1 - 1.000 ) x N/A

Csec(i,x) FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if mixing

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226

1.01E-16 = 2.88E-15 x 7.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02

Csec(i,x) Csec(i,x) Fraction PAi (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size
26 

Figure 3-8 Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength in 54 m Particulates at 

the N Receptor Location in Case 3a (Momentum-Driven Plume) at Time Step 1 

In most situations, multiple meteorological conditions will contribute to the downwind air 

concentration in a specific direction. Case 3b takes the 16 stability class/wind speed 

combinations and their frequency of occurrence used in Case 3a and assigns all to blow in the 

direction of the Far SSW Receptor. The Ra-226 downwind air concentration calculated for time 

step 1 (1.32 × 10-15 Ci/m3) exactly matches the sum of the contributions for all directions for both 

particulate sizes as shown in Table 3-1 for Case 3a. 

3.2.2 Plume Reflection 

For locations where the plume reaches the mixing height, Equation 3.28 is used to calculate the 

downwind air concentrations, and the depleted source strength due to dry deposition depends 

on the simple integral where F(x) = 1/L. The Far SSW Receptor in Case 3a is at such a 

location. For this direction, the meteorological data is set to a stability class of A and a wind 

speed of 2.46 m/s blowing from the NNE to the SSW. For the 7.7 m particulates released, the 

direct downwind Ra-226 air concentration is calculated to be 4.31 × 10-18 Ci/m3 as presented in 

Figure 3-10. This value matches that calculated by the code for Case 3a. The corresponding 

calculations for effective wind speed and release height and the depleted source strength are 

shown in Figures 3-11 and 3-12, respectively. 

As a check on the population calculations, Figures 3-13, 3-14, and 3-15 present the calculations 

for the effective release height of 7.7 m particulates, the depleted source strength, and the 

downwind Ra-226 air concentration, respectively, at the 5–10 km WSW location in the 

population grid for Case 3a. The wind blows at 4.47 m/s in this direction from the ENE under 

stability class B. The calculated Ra-226 air concentration in 7.7 m particulates is 

7.29 × 10-19 Ci/m3 as shown in Figure 3-15, matching the output result for Case 3a. 
27 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-9 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor 

Location in Case 3c (Buoyancy-Induced Plume) at Time Step 1 

Plume reflection not considered if

 ( 1 - 20.81 / 1000 ) 1/2

H (m) L (m)

z(x) < = x 1000 = 824.6 [TRUE] (3.18)

1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m) 

Then

199 = 1000.00 x tan(11.25o

) (3.23)

ysec (m) x (m)

7.91E-10 - 4.33E+02

Qxi (Ci/s) H2

 (m2)

5.22E-15 = x exp (3.26)

Csec(i,x) if no mixing x 31.6 x 7.74 x 198.91 2 x 9.97E+02

(Ci/m3

) z (m) UH (m/s) ysec (m) z

2 (m2

)

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if

 0 < = 20.81 / 1000 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37 x 20.81 / 1000 )

2

+0.489x( 20.81 / 1000 ) + 0.756 ] = 765.2 [FALSE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

OR

 0.5 < = 20.81 / 1000 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37x 20.81 / 1000 )

2

+ 4.25 x( 20.81 / 1000 ) - 1.13 ] = -1042.6 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

Then

8.10E-10

Qxi (Ci/s)

N/A = (3.28)

Csec(i,x) if mixing x 198.91 x 7.74 x 1000

(Ci/m3

) ysec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used

The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

31.6 - 824.6

z (m) z,no-mix (m) 

1.000 =

FracNoMix 765.2 - 824.6

z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) 

 and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is

N/A = 1.0 x 5.22E-15 + ( 1 - 1.000 ) x N/A

Csec(i,x) FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if mixing

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226

7.84E-17 = 5.22E-15 x 3.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02

Csec(i,x) Csec(i,x) Fraction PAi (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size
28 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-10 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the Far SSW 

Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 

Plume reflection not considered if

 ( 1 - 21.73 / 1500 ) 1/2

H (m) L (m)

z(x) < = x 1500 = 1240.9 [FALSE] (3.18)

1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m) 

Then

338 = 1700.00 x tan(11.25o

) (3.23)

ysec (m) x (m)

7.35E-10 - 4.72E+02

Qxi (Ci/s) H2

 (m2)

N/A = x exp (3.26)

Csec(i,x) if no mixing x 1386.0 x 2.60 x 338.15 2 x 1.92E+06

(Ci/m3

) z (m) UH (m/s) ysec (m) z

2 (m2

)

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if

 0 < = 21.73 / 1500 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1500 x [-2.37 x 21.73 / 1500 )

2

+0.489x( 21.73 / 1500 ) + 0.756 ] = 1143.9 [TRUE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

OR

 0.5 < = 21.73 / 1500 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1500 x [-2.37x 21.73 / 1500 )

2

+ 4.25 x( 21.73 / 1500 ) - 1.13 ] = -1603.4 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

Then

7.56E-10

Qxi (Ci/s)

2.87E-16 = (3.28)

Csec(i,x) if mixing x 338.15 x 2.60 x 1500

(Ci/m3

) ysec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used

The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

1386.0 - 1240.9

z (m) z,no-mix (m) 

0.000 =

FracNoMix 1143.9 - 1240.9

z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) 

 and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is

N/A = 0.0 x N/A + ( 1 - 0.000 ) x 2.87E-16

Csec(i,x) FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if mixing

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226

4.31E-18 = 2.87E-16 x 3.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02

Csec(i,x) Csec(i,x) Fraction PAi (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size
29 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-11 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m 

Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a 

Effective Release Height

21.74 = max ( 15.00 + 9.53 - 2.79 , 0) 

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

 - ( 1 - 0.50 ) x min ( max ( 21.74 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep

Plume (Vertical) Settling

1700 x 0.00427

x (m) Vs (m/s)

2.79 = (3.10)

hv (m) 2.60

UH (m/s)

0.004 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2

 x 2.40 (3.11)

Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm3

)

Plume Rise

Momentum Driven Plume

11 x 1.5

vs (m/s) ds (m)

9.53 = 1.5 x (3.2)

h (m) 2.60

UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed

 If H <= 10 m

N/A = 2.46

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s)

 else 0.07

21.74 p

H (m)

2.60 = 2.46 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00

za (m)
30 

Figure 3-12 Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength for 7.7 m Particulates at 

the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 
31 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-13 Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m 

Particulates for the 5–10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in 

Case 3a 

Effective Release Height

13.41 = max ( 15.00 + 5.42 - 7.02 , 0) 

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

 - ( 1 - 1.00 ) x min ( max ( 13.41 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -15.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep

Plume (Vertical) Settling

7500 x 0.00427

x (m) Vs (m/s)

7.02 = (3.10)

hv (m) 4.56

UH (m/s)

0.00427 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2

 x 2.40 (3.11)

Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm3

)

Plume Rise

Momentum Driven Plume

11 x 1.5

vs (m/s) ds (m)

5.42 = 1.5 x (3.2)

h (m) 4.56

UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed

 If H <= 10 m

N/A = 4.47

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s)

 else 0.07

13.41 p

H (m)

4.56 = 4.47 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00

za (m)
32 

Figure 3-14 Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength for 7.7 m Particulates at 

the 5–10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 
33 

N/A = Not applicable. 

Figure 3-15 Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the 5–10 km 

WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 

Plume reflection not considered if

 ( 1 - 13.41 / 1000 ) 1/2

H (m) L (m)

z(x) < = x 1000 = 827.7 [FALSE] (3.18)

1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m) 

Then

1492 = 7500.00 x tan(11.25o

) (3.23)

ysec (m) x (m)

#N/A - 1.80E+02

Qxi (Ci/s) H2

 (m2)

N/A = x exp (3.26)

Csec(i,x) if no mixing x 991.0 x 4.56 x 1491.84 2 x 9.82E+05

(Ci/m3

) z (m) UH (m/s) ysec (m) z

2 (m2

)

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if

 0 < = 13.41 / 1000 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37 x 13.41 / 1000 )

2

+0.489x( 13.41 / 1000 ) + 0.756 ] = 762.1 [TRUE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

OR

 0.5 < = 13.41 / 1000 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m)

and

z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37x 13.41 / 1000 )

2

+ 4.25 x( 13.41 / 1000 ) - 1.13 ] = -1073.4 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m) 

Then

6.62E-10

Qxi (Ci/s)

4.86E-17 = (3.28)

Csec(i,x) if mixing x 1491.84 x 4.56 x 1000

(Ci/m3

) ysec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used

The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

991.0 - 827.7

z (m) z,no-mix (m) 

0.000 =

FracNoMix 762.1 - 827.7

z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) 

 and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is

N/A = 0.0 x N/A + ( 1 - 0.000 ) x 4.86E-17

Csec(i,x) FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec(i,x) if mixing

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226

7.29E-19 = 4.86E-17 x 3.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02

Csec(i,x) Csec(i,x) Fraction PAi (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size

35 

4 ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA CONCENTRATIONS 

Chapter 3 covered the calculation of downwind air concentrations from a source. These air 

concentrations are used to estimate the resulting radionuclide ground concentrations, total air 

concentrations, and concentrations in vegetation, meat, and milk. Section 4.1 verifies the 

calculations performed by MILDOS-AREA to estimated radionuclide ground concentrations at 

receptor locations. Resuspension of radionuclides in particulates is examined in Section 4.2.1, 

and the resulting total air concentration calculation (direct downwind + resuspended) is verified 

in Section 4.2.2. The calculation of estimated vegetation concentrations is covered in 

Section 4.3. Meat and milk concentration calculations are examined in Section 4.4. 

4.1 Radionuclide Ground Concentrations 

The starting point in MILDOS-AREA for calculating particulate radionuclide ground 

concentrations is the value for the direct downwind radionuclide air concentration. For the Ore 

Pad source in the Case 1 example, a calculation of the direct air concentration for U-238 7.7 m 

particulates is shown in Figure 4-1. 

Figure 4-1 Calculation of the Direct Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates 

from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location in Case 1 

The normalized air concentration (X/Q), which accounts for all weather conditions (stability 

class/wind speed combinations) and their frequency of occurrence for the direction toward the 

Nearest Resident NNW receptor from the Ore Pad, was taken from Case 1 results as a starting 

point for estimating the ground concentrations. As a check, the concentration values for the 

different time steps match Case 1 output if resuspension is not considered (resuspension 

deposition velocity was set to its minimum value of 1 ×10-5 m/s). 

The U-238 ground concentration from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest 

Resident NNW after time step 1 is 6.01 × 10-13 Ci/m2 as shown in the top of Figure 4-2, 

matching the value in the Case 1 results. This value depends on the direct air concentration 

just discussed, the deposition velocity (Vdp), the length of time step 1 (ts1), and the decay of 

U-238 due to radioactive decay and environmental loss (i and e, respectively). 

After each successive time step, the U-238 ground concentration not only depends on the 

amount freshly deposited during the time step (i.e., Equation 4.1), but also on the decay of 

U-238 remaining on the ground after the prior time step. For example, the ground concentration 

of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW after time 

Direct Air Concentrations Csec(i,x,ts) for U-238 particulates with 7.7 m size from Ore Pad at Nearest Resident NNW

Time Step

1 1.92E-18 = 3.87E-04 x 0.3 x 5.21E-07 x 3.17E-08 x 1

2 1.92E-18 = 3.87E-04 x 0.3 x 5.21E-07 x 3.17E-08 x 1

3 1.92E-18 = 3.87E-04 x 0.3 x 5.21E-07 x 3.17E-08 x 1

4 1.92E-19 = 3.87E-04 x 0.3 x 5.21E-07 x 3.17E-08 x 0.1

Csec(i,x,ts) Ci/yr Released 7.7 m Fraction X/Q (s/m3

) (yr/s) PAs (unitless))

(Ci/m3

) from Ore Pad
36 

step 2 is 1.78 × 10-12 Ci/m2 as shown in the bottom of Figure 4-2, matching the corresponding 

value in the Case 1 results. 

Figure 4-2 Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from 

the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location in Case 1 

The calculation for time step 4 is shown in Figure 4-3, with the amount deposited for each time 

step decayed for the length of time between the end of that time step and the end of time step 4. 

The estimated value of 2.94 × 10-12 Ci/m2 as shown in Figure 4-3 matches the corresponding 

value in the Case 1 results. 

As a check on the calculations used in the population estimates, the direct air concentrations of 

U-238 in 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the center of the population grid segment 

10–20 km to the SSW were estimated as shown in Figure 4-4. These values were used to 

estimate the U-238 7.7 m particulate ground concentration of 1.90 × 10-14 Ci/m2 as shown in 

Figure 4-5, which matches the corresponding value in the Case 1 results. 

Deposition of radon progeny also results in radionuclide ground concentrations. As an example, 

Figure 4-6 presents the calculation of the Po-218 ground concentration after time step 1 in 

Case 3a at the 5–10 km WSW location of the population grid. The calculation of the Po-218 air 

concentration used is shown later in Figure 4-27. The calculated ground concentration of 

3.81 × 10-15 Ci/m2 matches the Case 3a output result. Note that MILDOS-AREA assumes the 

ground concentrations of other Rn-222 progeny (Pb-214 and Bi-214) to be in equilibrium with 

the ground concentration of Po-218. 

Ground Concentration after Time Step 1

 1 - exp - 1.39E-02 x 1.00

(1/yr) ts1 (yr)

6.01E-13 = 0.01 x 1.92E-18 x (4.1)

Cg(i,p,x,t1) Vdp (m/s) Csec(i,x,ts1) 1.39E-02 x 3.1689E-08

(Ci/m2

) (Ci/m3)  (1/yr) (y/s)

where

1.39E-02 = 1.55E-10 + 1.39E-02

(1/yr) i (1/yr) e (1/yr)

for U-238

Ground Concentration after Time Step 2

 1 - exp - 1.39E-02 x 2.00

(1/yr) ts2 (yr)

1.78E-12 = 0.01 x 1.92E-18 x

Cg(i,p,x,t2) Vdp (m/s) Csec(i,x,ts2) 1.39E-02 x 3.1689E-08

(Ci/m2

) (Ci/m3)  (1/yr) (y/s) (4.2)

+ 6.01E-13 x exp - 1.39E-02 x 2.00

Cg(i,p,x,t1) (1/yr) ts2 (yr)

(Ci/m2

)

[   (                                       )]

[   (                                       )]

[   (                                       )]
37 

Figure 4-3 Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest 

Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 
38 

Figure 4-4 Calculation of the Direct Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates 

from the Ore Pad at 10–20 km SSW on the Population Grid in Case 1 

4.2 Radionuclide Air Concentrations 

The total air concentration for a radionuclide in MILDOS-AREA is used to evaluate inhalation 

and external cloudshine exposure. The total air concentration is the sum of the downwind direct 

air concentration calculated using the dispersion model as discussed in Chapter 3 and the 

resuspended air concentration from previously deposited material at the receptor location in 

earlier time steps. Section 4.2.1 verifies the calculation of resuspended particulate air 

concentrations. Section 4.2.2.2 examines the total air concentration for particulates (the sum of 

direct and resuspended air concentrations) and the concentrations of Rn-222 and Rn-220 and 

their daughter products. 

4.2.1 Resuspension 

Particulate material from a source deposited at a receptor location has the potential for being 

resuspended by mechanical means such as wind or human activities. In the resuspension 

model used in MILDOS-AREA, calculation of the resuspended air concentration as presented in 

Figure 4-7 depends on the resuspension half-life in the form of the resuspension decay factor 

(r), the initial and final values for the resuspension factor (RI and RF, respectively), and the 

deposition velocity for the reference particle size corresponding to RI and RF (Vdr). 

The calculation of the resuspended air concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m particulates from the 

Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW receptor location after time step 4 in Case 1 is shown in 

Figure 4-7. Figure 4-8 presents the same calculation for the 10–20 km SSW location on the 

population grid. The estimated values of 1.28 × 10-19 Ci/m3 and 8.30 × 10-22 Ci/m3 will be used 

in the following section discussing total air concentrations. 

4.2.2 Total Air Concentrations 

4.2.2.1 Particulates 

The total air concentration for U-238 in 7.7 m particulates is the sum of the direct air 

concentration from the source (see Figures 4-1 and 4-4) and the concentration of resuspended 

material from anything previously deposited (see Figures 4-7 and 4-8). As shown in Figure 4-9, 

the total value for U-238 in 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW 

receptor location after time step 4 in Case 1 is 3.20 × 10-19 Ci/m3, which matches the value 

found in the Case 1 interactive results. For the 10–20 km SSW location on the population grid, 

the total air concentration is 2.07 × 10-21 Ci/m3, which also matches the Case 1 results. 

Direct Air Concentrations Csec(i,x,ts) for U-238 particulates with 7.7 m size from Ore Pad at 10 - 20 km SSW on Population Grid

Time Step

1 1.24E-20 = 3.87E-04 x 0.3 x 3.37E-09 x 3.17E-08 x 1

2 1.24E-20 = 3.87E-04 x 0.3 x 3.37E-09 x 3.17E-08 x 1

3 1.24E-20 = 3.87E-04 x 0.3 x 3.37E-09 x 3.17E-08 x 1

4 1.24E-21 = 3.87E-04 x 0.3 x 3.37E-09 x 3.17E-08 x 0.1

Csec(i,x,ts) Ci/yr Released 7.7 m Fraction X/Q (s/m3

) (yr/s) PAs (unitless))

(Ci/m3

) from Ore Pad
39 

Figure 4-5 Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10–20 km SSW on 

the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 
40 

Figure 4-6 Calculation of the Ground Concentration of Po-218 from Rn-222 Decay at 5–10 km WSW Location on the 

Population Grid after Time Step 1 in Case 3a 

Ground Concentration after Time Step 1 for Rn-222 daughters Po-218, Pb-214, and Bi-214

 1 - exp - 1.17E+05 x 1.00

(1/yr) ts1 (yr)

3.81E-15 = 0.003 x 4.72E-15 x (4.1)

Cg(i,p,x,t1) Vdp (m/s) Csec(i,x,ts1) 1.17E+05 x 3.1689E-08

(Ci/m2) (Ci/m3) (1/yr) (y/s)

where

1.17E+05 = 1.17E+05 + 1.39E-02

(1/yr) i (1/yr) e (1/yr)

for Po-218
41 

Figure 4-7 Calculation of the Resuspended Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the 

Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 
42 

Figure 4-8 Calculation of the Resuspended Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10–20 km 

SSW on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 
43 

Figure 4-9 Calculation of the Total Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from 

the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location and the 10–20 

km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 

The calculations for the total air concentrations over all particulate sizes for U-238 for the 

Nearest Resident NNW and the 10–20 km SSW location on the population grid are presented in 

Figure 4-10. The summation of the individual particulate air concentrations matches the values 

found using the interactive results for Case 1. 

Figure 4-10 Calculation of the Total Air Concentration of U-238 from the Ore Pad at the 

Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location and the 10–20 km SSW Location 

on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 

4.2.2.2 Radon 

MILDOS-AREA considers the radioactive decay of radon during air transport because of its 

short half-life. As a non-depositing gas, resuspension does not contribute to radon air 

concentrations. Figure 4-11 shows the calculations for the effective release height (18.26 m) 

and effective wind speed (7.59 m/s) for a gas released from the point source in Case 3a with a 

momentum-driven plume at the source. The effective wind speed is then used to calculate the 

transit time between the source and the receptor ( = 1,000 m/7.59 m/s = 132 s) for the stability 

class – wind speed category combination used for the N Receptor location. 

The transit time is used in turn to calculate the downwind source strength from radon radioactive 

decay based on the original release rate as shown in Figure 4-12. In combination with the 

weighted normalized air concentration value of 4.43 × 10-7 s/m3 estimated (which matches the 

Total Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates at Nearest Resident NNW 

3.20E-19 = 1.92E-19 + 1.28E-19 (4.10)

Cair(i,p,x,tj

) Csec(i,p,x,tj) CairR(i,p,x,tj)

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Total Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates at 10 - 20 km SSW on the Population Grid 

2.07E-21 = 1.24E-21 + 8.30E-22 (4.10)

Cair(i,p,x,tj

) Csec(i,p,x,tj) CairR(i,p,x,tj)

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Total Air Concentration of U-238 at Nearest Resident NNW 

3.54E-19 = 3.20E-19 + 3.38E-20 (4.11)

Cair(i,x,tj

) Cair(i,p1,x,tj) Cair(i,p2,x,tj)

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Total Air Concentration of U-238 at 10 - 20 km SSW on the Population Grid 

2.22E-21 = 2.07E-21 + 1.55E-22 (4.11)

Cair(i,x,tj

) Cair(i,p1,x,tj) Cair(i,p2,x,tj)

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)
44 

Case 3a results), the downwind air concentration of Rn-220 is calculated to be 

3.26 × 10-15 Ci/m3, matching the Case 3a results. 

The downwind concentration of Rn-222 is calculated using the same process. For Case 3a, the 

air concentration of Rn-222 at the N Receptor location is estimated to be 4.72 × 10-13 Ci/m3 as 

shown in Figure 4-13, the same value found in the Case 3a results. 

Figure 4-11 Calculation of the Effective Release Height and Effective Wind Speed for a 

Gas at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a 

Effective Release Height

18.26 = max ( 15.00 + 3.26 - 0.00 , 0) 

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

 - ( 1 - 0.50 ) x min ( max ( 18.26 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep

Plume (Vertical) Settling

1000 x 0.00000

x (m) Vs (m/s)

0.00 = (3.10)

hv (m) 7.59

UH (m/s)

0.000 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2

 x 0.00 (3.11)

Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm3

)

Plume Rise

Momentum Driven Plume

11 x 1.5

vs (m/s) ds (m)

3.26 = 1.5 x (3.2)

h (m) 7.59

UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed

 If H <= 10 m

N/A = 6.93

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s)

 else 0.15

18.26 p

H (m)

7.59 = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00

za (m)
45 

Figure 4-12 Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for 

Time Step 1 in Case 3a 

Figure 4-13 Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for 

Time Step 1 in Case 3a 

Release Rate of Rn-222 from the Point Source for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

33.6 = 42 x 0.8

Q0_Rn (Ci/yr) Annural release of Rn-222 Radon Adjustment Factor for Time Step 1

(Ci/yr)

Downwind Source Strength of Rn-222 at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

1.06E-06 = 3.17E-08 x 33.6 x exp - 66 x 132 x 3.17E-08 (4.12)

Qx_Rn (Ci/s) (yr/s) Q0_Rn (Ci) Rn (1/yr)  (s) (yr/s)

Downwind Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

4.72E-13 = 4.43E-07 x 1.06E-06 (4.13)

Cair(Rn222,x,tj

) X/Q (s/m3

) Qx_Rn (Ci/s)

(Ci/m3

)

[                                                                ]
46 

The downwind air concentrations of radon daughter products are calculated from the 

non-decayed downwind air concentration of the radon parent. Figure 4-14 presents the 

calculations for the air concentration of Rn-220 (non-decayed – 1.69 × 10-14 Ci/m3) and its 

Pb-212 daughter product. The value of 1.97 × 10-17 Ci/m3 at the N Receptor location at Time 

Step 1 in Case 3a matches the value in the Case 3a results. Note that when using the 

Figure 4-14 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time 

Step 1 in Case 3a for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 

“Interactive Results” tab to view results in MILDOS-AREA, the radon progeny are considered as 

a “Gas” selection under the Particle Size option. 

The calculation for the air concentration of the Pb-214 daughter of Rn-222 is presented in 

Figure 4-15. The value of 5.50 × 10-15 Ci/m3 is in excellent agreement with the value of 

5.51 × 10-15 Ci/m3 found in the Case 3a results. 
47 

Figure 4-15 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time 

Step 1 in Case 3a for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 

In the case of a buoyancy-induced plume rise (Case 3c), the same set of calculations were 

verified for the concentrations of Rn-220 and Rn-222 and their progeny, Pb-212 and Pb-214, 

respectively, as shown in Figures 4-16 to 4-21. All four concentrations matched the Case 3c 

output results. 
48 

Figure 4-16 Calculation of the Effective Buoyancy-Induced Plume Release Height and 

Effective Wind Speed for a Gas (including Radon) at the N Receptor Location 

in Case 3c 

 

Effective Release Height

21.34 = max ( 15.00 + 6.34 - 0.00 , 0) 

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

 - ( 1 - 0.50 ) x min ( max ( 21.34 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep

Plume (Vertical) Settling

1000 x 0.00000

x (m) Vs (m/s)

0.00 = (3.10)

hv (m) 7.76

UH (m/s)

0.000 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2

 x 0.00 (3.11)

Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm3

)

Plume Rise

Momentum Driven Plume

11 x 1.5

vs (m/s) ds (m)

N/A = 1.5 x (3.2)

h (m) 7.76

UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed

 If H <= 10 m

N/A = 6.93

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s)

 else 0.15

21.34 p

H (m)

7.76 = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00

za (m)
49 

Figure 4-17 Calculation of the Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise in Case 3c for Gases 

(including Radon) at the N Receptor Location 

Buouancy Induced Plume

Unstable/Neutral Conditons (A-D)

x <= 10 x stack height

1.6

N/A = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 1000000 ]1/3 (3.3)

h (m) 7.76 (m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s) x2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

x > 10 x stack height

1.6

6.34 = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 100 x 225.00 ]1/3 (3.4)

h (m) 7.76 (m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s) h2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

Stable Conditions (E,F)

Still expanding [x <= 2.4 (UH/s1/2) and U >= Utest]

1.6

N/A = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 1000000 ]1/3 (3.5)

h (m) 7.76 (m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s) x2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

Far limit [x > 2.4 (UH/s1/2) and U >= Utest]

3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 1/3

(m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s)

N/A = 2.9 x (3.6)

h (m) 7.76 x 0.001213

UH (m/s) s (s-2

)

Light wind, vertical rise (U < Utest)

 [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 ] 1/4

 (m4/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s)

N/A = 5.0 x (3.7)

h (m) [ 0.001213 ] 3/8

s (s-2)

s: stability parameter [g/ * d/dz]

9.80665

g (m/s2

)

0.001213 = x 0.035 (3.8)

s (s-2) 283 dT/dz + l (o

K/m)

Ta(

o

K)

wind speed cut-off

0.089862 = 0.195 x [3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 ] 1/4 x [ 0.001213 ] 1/8 (3.9)

Utest (m/s) (m4

/cal-s2) Qh (cal/s) s (s-2)
50 

Figure 4-18 Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for 

Time Step 1 in Case 3c 

Figure 4-19 Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for 

Time Step 1 in Case 3c 

Release Rate of Rn-222 from the Point Source for Time Step 1 in Case 3c

33.6 = 42 x 0.8

Q0_Rn (Ci/yr) Annural release of Rn-222 Radon Adjustment Factor for Time Step 1

(Ci/yr)

Downwind Source Strength of Rn-222 at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c

1.06E-06 = 3.17E-08 x 33.6 x exp - 66 x 129 x 3.17E-08 (4.12)

Qx_Rn (Ci/s) (yr/s) Q0_Rn (Ci) Rn (1/yr)  (s) (yr/s)

Downwind Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c

4.33E-13 = 4.07E-07 x 1.06E-06 (4.13)

Cair(Rn222,x,tj

) X/Q (s/m3

) Qx_Rn (Ci/s)

(Ci/m3

)

[                                                                ]
51 

Figure 4-20 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time 

Step 1 in Case 3c for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 
52 

Figure 4-21 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time 

Step 1 in Case 3c for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 

As a check on population calculations for radon at farther distances in the air dispersion mixing 

zone, radon concentration estimates were verified for the 5–10 km WSW location on the 

population grid for Case 3a. Figure 4-22 shows the calculation for the effective release height 

and wind speed for Case 3a. Figures 4-23 and 4-24 present the calculations for the Rn-220 and 

Rn-222 air concentrations, respectively, for Case 3a. The concentrations are calculated for the 

5–10 km WSW location on the population grid during time step 1. The Rn-220 concentration of 

3.84 × 10-25 Ci/m3 is in good agreement with the Case 3a output result of 3.85 × 10-25 Ci/m3, and 

the Rn-222 concentration of 4.73 × 10-15 Ci/m3 matches the Case 3a output result. Figures 4-25 

and 4-26 present the air concentrations for the Pb-212 and Pb-214 daughters of Rn-220 and 

Rn-222, respectively. The concentration values of 2.39 × 10-19 Ci/m3 and 2.05 × 10-15 Ci/m3 for 

Pb-212 and Pb-214, respectively, match the Case 3a output results. The concentration of the 

first daughter product of Rn-222 (Po-218) was also estimated as shown in Figure 4-27 to be 

4.72 × 10-15 Ci/m3, which matches the Case 3a output result. 
53 

Figure 4-22 Calculation of the Effective Momentum-Driven Plume Release Height and 

Effective Wind Speed for a Gas (including Radon) at the 5–10 km WSW 

Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 

Effective Release Height

20.27 = max ( 15.00 + 5.27 - 0.00 , 0) 

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

 - ( 1 - 1.00 ) x min ( max ( 20.27 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -15.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep

Plume (Vertical) Settling

7500 x 0.00000

x (m) Vs (m/s)

0.00 = (3.10)

hv (m) 4.70

UH (m/s)

0.000 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2

 x 0.00 (3.11)

Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm3

)

Plume Rise

Momentum Driven Plume

11 x 1.5

vs (m/s) ds (m)

5.27 = 1.5 x (3.2)

h (m) 4.70

UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed

 If H <= 10 m

N/A = 4.47

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s)

 else 0.07

20.27 p

H (m)

4.70 = 4.47 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00

za (m)
54 

Figure 4-23 Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW Location 

on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 

Figure 4-24 Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW Location 

on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 

Release Rate of Rn-220 from the Point Source for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

1.2 = 1.5 x 0.8

Q0_Rn (Ci/yr) Annural release of Rn-220 Radon Adjustment Factor for Time Step 1

(Ci/yr)

Downwind Source Strength of Rn-220 at the 5 - 10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

8.61E-17 = 3.17E-08 x 1.2 x exp - 393418 x 1597 x 3.17E-08 (4.12)

Qx_Rn (Ci/s) (yr/s) Q0_Rn (Ci) Rn (1/yr)  (s) (yr/s)

/Q for Downwind Gas Concentrations at 7,500 m for the B stability - 4.47 m/s Wind Speed Category Combination

(rearrangement of Equation 3.28)

Csec(i,x) if no mixing

(Ci/m3

) 1

= 7.14E-08 =

Qxi (Ci/s) /Q (gas) 2 x 1491.8 x 4.70 x 1000

(s/m3

) ysec (m) UH (m/s) L (m)

Frequency weighted /Q (as reported by MILDOS-AREA)

4.46E-09 = 7.14E-08 x 0.0625

/Q (s/m3

) /Q (gas) Met Data Frequency

(s/m3

) Wind Blowing Towards Receptor

Downwind Rn-220 Air Concentration at the WSW 5 - 10 km Population Grid Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

3.84E-25 = 4.46E-09 x 8.61E-17 (4.13)

Cair(Rn220,x,tj

) X/Q (s/m3

) Qx_Rn (Ci/s)

(Ci/m3

)

[                                                                ]

Release Rate of Rn-222 from the Point Source for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

33.6 = 42 x 0.8

Q0_Rn (Ci/yr) Annural release of Rn-222 Radon Adjustment Factor for Time Step 1

(Ci/yr)

Downwind Source Strength of Rn-222 at the 5 - 10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

1.06E-06 = 3.17E-08 x 33.6 x exp - 66 x 1597 x 3.17E-08 (4.12)

Qx_Rn (Ci/s) (yr/s) Q0_Rn (Ci) Rn (1/yr)  (s) (yr/s)

Downwind Rn-222 Concentration at the 5 - 10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid for Time Step 1 in Case 3a

4.73E-15 = 4.46E-09 x 1.06E-06 (4.13)

Cair(Rn222,x,tj

) X/Q (s/m3

) Qx_Rn (Ci/s)

(Ci/m3

)

[                                                                ]
55 

Figure 4-25 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW Location on the 

Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Pb-212 Daughter Product 

of Rn-220 
56 

Figure 4-26 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW Location on the 

Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Pb-214 Daughter Product 

of Rn-222 
57 

Figure 4-27 Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5–10 km WSW Location on the 

Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Po-218 Daughter Product 

of Rn-222 

4.3 Vegetation Concentrations 

Five categories of vegetation are considered in MILDOS-AREA at each receptor location; the 

first three are for human consumption, and the last two are for livestock consumption: (1) edible 

aboveground vegetables, (2) potatoes, (3) other edible belowground vegetables, (4) pasture 

grass, and (5) hay (stored feed). The vegetation concentrations depend on the local air and 

ground concentrations as well as: 

 the soil-to-plant transfer coefficient (Bv(i)), 

 the soil areal density for surface mixing (), 

 the fraction of the total deposition retained on plant surfaces (Fr), 

 the fraction of the foliar deposition reaching edible portions of vegetation (Ev), 

 the decay constant accounting for weathering losses (w), 

 the duration of exposure while vegetation is growing (tv), and 

 the yield density of vegetation (Yv). 

Using the previously calculated air and ground concentrations (see Figures 4-9 and 4-3, 

respectively), the estimated concentrations of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad 
58 

in aboveground and belowground vegetables and potatoes at the Nearest Resident NNW 

location are provided in Figure 4-28. The calculated values match those found in the Case 1 

results. The estimated concentrations of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in 

pasture grass and stored feed at the Nearest Resident NNW location are provided in 

Figure 4-29. The calculated values match those found in the Case 1 results. 

Similarly, using the previously calculated air and ground concentrations for the population 

analysis (see Figures 4-9 and 4-5, respectively), the estimated concentrations of U-238 from 

7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in aboveground and belowground vegetables and 

potatoes at 10–20 km SSW on the population grid are provided in Figure 4-30. The calculated 

values match those found in the Case 1 results. The estimated concentrations of U-238 from 

7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in pasture grass and stored feed at the 10–20 km SSW 

location on the population grid are provided in Figure 4-31. The calculated values match those 

found in the Case 1 results. 

4.4 Meat and Milk Concentrations 

The radionuclide concentrations in meat and milk depend on their concentrations in pasture 

grass and stored feed as calculated in the previous section, the radionuclide-specific feed-tomeat or feed-to-milk transfer coefficient (Fb or Fm), and the fractions of the total annual feed 

requirement that is assumed to be satisfied by pasture grass or locally grown feed (hay) (Fpg or 

Fh). The concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in meat and milk at 

the Nearest Resident NNW receptor and 10–20 km SSW location on the population grid after 

time step 4 in Case 1 are provided in Figures 4-29 and 4-31, respectively. These values all 

match the results found in the Case 1 output results. 
59 

Figure 4-28 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in 

aboveground and belowground Vegetables and Potatoes at the Nearest 

Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 

Concentration in Aboveground Leafy Vegetables

2.94E-12 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

5.60E-04 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.20E-19 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 60

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

2 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

Concentration in Potato

2.94E-12 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

8.36E-05 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.20E-19 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 0.1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 60

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

2 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

Concentration in Belowground Vegetables

2.94E-12 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

8.36E-05 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.20E-19 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 0.1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 60

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

2 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m w (1/d)

[   (                                     )]

[   (                                     )]

[   (                                     )]
60 

Figure 4-29 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in Animal 

Feed, Meat, and Milk at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after 

Time Step 4 in Case 1 

	 	

Concentration in Pasture Grass

2.94E-12 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

1.18E-03 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.20E-19 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 30

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

0.75 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

Concentration in Stored Feed

2.94E-12 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

5.60E-04 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.20E-19 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 60

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

2 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

Concentration in Meat

1.48E-05 = 50 x 3.40E-04 x 0.5 x 1.18E-03 +

Cb(i,x,tj) Q (kg [wet weight]/d) Fb(i)(pCi/kg per pCi/d) Fpg (unitless) CV_pg(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(pCi/kg) (4.18)

0.5 x 5.60E-04

Fh (unitless) CV_h(i,x,tj

) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

Concentration in Milk

2.66E-05 = 50 x 6.10E-04 x 0.5 x 1.18E-03 +

Cm(i,x,tj) Q (kg [wet weight]/d) Fm(i)(pCi/L per pCi/d) Fpg (unitless) CV_pg(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(pCi/L) (4.19)

0.5 x 5.60E-04

Fh (unitless) CV_h(i,x,tj

) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(

)

(

)

[   (                                     )]

[   (                                     )]
61 

Figure 4-30 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in 

aboveground and belowground Vegetables and Potatoes at the 10–20 km 

SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 

Concentration in Aboveground Leafy Vegetables

1.90E-14 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

3.63E-06 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.07E-21 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 60

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

2 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

Concentration in Potato

1.90E-14 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

5.41E-07 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.07E-21 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 0.1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 60

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

2 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

Concentration in Belowground Vegetables

1.90E-14 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

5.41E-07 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.07E-21 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 0.1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 60

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

2 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

[   (                                     )]

[   (                                     )]

[   (                                     )]
62 

Figure 4-31 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in Animal 

Feed, Meat, and Milk at the 10–20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid 

after Time Step 4 in Case 1 

 

Concentration in Pasture Grass

1.90E-14 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

7.65E-06 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.07E-21 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 30

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

0.75 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

Concentration in Stored Feed

1.90E-14 x 0.0025

Cg(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil)

3.63E-06 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m2

 [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.07E-21 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x

(pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj

) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless)

 1 - exp - 4.95E-02 x 60

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16)

2 x 4.95E-02

Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2

) w (1/d)

Concentration in Meat

9.58E-08 = 50 x 3.40E-04 x 0.5 x 7.65E-06 +

Cb(i,x,tj) Q (kg [wet weight]/d) Fb(i)(pCi/kg per pCi/d) Fpg (unitless) CV_pg(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(pCi/kg) (4.18)

0.5 x 3.63E-06

Fh (unitless) CV_h(i,x,tj

) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

Concentration in Milk

1.72E-07 = 50 x 6.10E-04 x 0.5 x 7.65E-06 +

Cm(i,x,tj) Q (kg [wet weight]/d) Fm(i)(pCi/L per pCi/d) Fpg (unitless) CV_pg(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(pCi/L) (4.19)

0.5 x 3.63E-06

Fh (unitless) CV_h(i,x,tj

) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(

)

(

)

[   (                                     )]

[   (                                     )]
63 

5 HUMAN EXPOSURE MODELS 

This chapter considers the exposure model calculations used in MILDOS-AREA. Potential 

receptors, including individuals and population groups, are considered. Exposure pathways 

include inhalation of dispersed air and resuspended material using the total air concentration 

results as verified in Section 4.2, external radiation from ore material in the air (Section 4.2) and 

on the ground (Section 4.1), and ingestion of ore-associated radioactivity in locally grown foods 

(Sections 4.3 and 4.4). Inhalation exposure is covered in Section 5.1; external exposure is 

covered in Section 5.2; and ingestion exposure is covered in Section 5.3. 

5.1 Inhalation 

5.1.1 Particulates 

The adult effective dose coefficients (DCs) used in MILDOS-AREA are specific to a given 

receptor type (adult, teenager, child, or infant), particle size (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 

10, 20, or 50 m), and solubility class (day, week, or year). For example, see Table B-3 in the 

manual for the DCs for adults for the U-238 decay series isotopes. For particle sizes between 

those listed, a linear interpolation is used to calculate the DC before use in an inhalation 

exposure calculation. 

In some cases, such as for U-238, the DC used in the code calculation includes the contribution 

from its U-234 daughter. Thus, for inhalation calculations involving U-238 such as shown in 

Figure 5-1, the U-238 inhalation DC for 5 and 10 m particulates is 0.0875 and 0.0501 

mrem/pCi, respectively, for the Y solubility class as used in Case 1. 

Figure 5-1 Inhalation Dose Rate to Nearest Resident NNW from U-238 from All 

Particulates (7.7 m and 54 m) from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in 

Case 1 

Since the 7.7 m particulate size is intermediate between 5 and 10 m for which DC 

values are available, its DC value is calculated by adding the value for the smaller 5 m 

size (DCsp) to the difference between the DC values scaled by the difference in particle 

size between the particle size of interest (7.7 m) and the smaller particle size (Ssp; 

Inhalation Dose from U-238 Particulates

1.57E-04 = 1012 x 3.20E-19 x 6.73E-02 + 3.38E-20 x 0.000149 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,tj

) (pCi/Ci) Cair(i,p1,x,tj) DCinh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,tj) DCinh,ikop2 Inhalation Rate

(mrem/yr) (Ci/m3

) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr)

where

7.7 - 5

particle size (m) Ssp (m)

6.73E-02 = x 0.0501 - 0.0875 + 0.0875

DCinh,ikop1 10 - 5 DClp DCsp DCsp 

(mrem/pCi) Slp (m) Ssp (m) (mrem/pCi) (mrem/pCi) (mrem/pCi)

(                                                                                    )

(                  – )
64 

5 m) relative to the difference between the larger (Slp, 10 m) and smaller particle 

sizes. The bottom of Figure 5-1 shows the calculation for the U-238 inhalation DC for a 

7.7 m particulate for the Y solubility class. 

The calculated dose rate of 1.57 × 10-4 mrem/yr in Figure 5-1 matches the value in the 

Case 1 results. The air concentration for 7.7 m particulates (1st particle size) was 

previously calculated in Figure 4-9; the air concentration for 54 m particulates (2nd

particle size) was taken from the Case 1 results. The U-238 DC for the 7.7 m size 

(6.73 × 10-2 mrem/pCi) was calculated at the bottom of Figure 5-1 as previously 

discussed, and the DC for the 54 m size (1.49 × 10-4 mrem/pCi) is the sum of the 

values for U-238 (7.10 × 10-5 mrem/pCi) and U-234 (7.82 × 10-5 mrem/pCi) for 50 m 

particulates, as shown in Table B-3 in the manual. In MILDOS-AREA, the DC for 50 m 

particulates is used for particulates larger than 50 m; no scaling of DCs is performed. 

In this particular example, the receptor was an adult, so no DC multiplier was used to 

adjust for age. Also note that the breathing rate used for inhalation calculations is fixed 

at 7,300 m3/yr and not a user input value. See the following for the population 

inhalation calculations. 

The individual age-specific inhalation dose calculations for individuals residing at the 

10–20 km SSW location on the population grid are presented in Figure 5-2. The total 

population dose rate in that population grid segment was calculated to be 1.19 × 10-3

person-mrem/yr from inhalation of U-238 in particulates from the Ore Pad during time 

step 4 in Case 1. The code results contained the same value. 

5.1.2 Radon 

The calculation of the inhalation dose from Rn-222 is based on the extent of the indoor 

and outdoor equilibrium between Rn-222 and its daughter radionuclides at the receptor 

location. The indoor equilibrium fraction is specified by the user, and the outdoor 

equilibrium fraction can be specified by the user or calculated based on the downwind 

air concentrations of radon and its daughter radionuclides. The calculation of the 

outdoor equilibrium fraction and the inhalation dose to the Nearest Resident NNW in 

Case 1 from the Ore Pad is shown in the top portion of Figure 5-3. The dose of 

0.384 mrem/yr from Rn-222 during time step 4 matches the output results for Case 1. 

The calculation of the effective inhalation dose from Rn-220 follows a different 

methodology than that used for Rn-222 because of Rn-220’s much shorter half-life. In 

most situations, the majority of Rn-220 released from the source will have decayed by 

the time the plume reaches a receptor. The Rn-220 dose is calculated using the 

concept of the working level (WL) as shown at the bottom of Figure 5-3. The Rn-220 

inhalation dose of 1.07 × 10-4 mrem/yr to the Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad 

during time step 4 in Case 1 matches the value in the Case 1 output results. 

Calculation of the effective population dose from radon at the population segment 

10-20 km in the SSW direction from all sources during time step 4 in Case 1 is shown in 

Figure 5-4. Here, the Rn-222 dose rate is estimated to be 4,230 person-mrem/yr and 
65 

Figure 5-2 Population Inhalation Dose from U-238 from the Ore Pad at the 10–20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid 

after Time Step 4 in Case 1 

Infant Individual Dose

4.88E-06 = 1012 x 2.07E-21 x 6.73E-02 + 1.55E-22 x 0.000149 x 4.8 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,t ) (pCi/Ci) j Cair(i,p1,x,t ) DC j inh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t ) DC j inh,ikop2 Age multiplier Inhalation Rate

(mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr)

Child Individual Dose

2.34E-06 = 1012 x 2.07E-21 x 6.73E-02 + 1.55E-22 x 0.000149 x 2.3 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,t ) (pCi/Ci) j Cair(i,p1,x,t ) DC j inh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t ) DC j inh,ikop2 Age multiplier Inhalation Rate

(mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr)

Teenager Individual Dose

1.22E-06 = 1012 x 2.07E-21 x 6.73E-02 + 1.55E-22 x 0.000149 x 1.2 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,t ) (pCi/Ci) j Cair(i,p1,x,t ) DC j inh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t ) DC j inh,ikop2 Age multiplier Inhalation Rate

(mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr)

Adult Individual Dose

1.02E-06 = 1012 x 2.07E-21 x 6.73E-02 + 1.55E-22 x 0.000149 x 1 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,t ) (pCi/Ci) j Cair(i,p1,x,t ) DC j inh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t ) DC j inh,ikop2 Age multiplier Inhalation Rate

(mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr)

Population Segment Inhalation Dose

1.19E-03 = 883 x 0.0179 x 4.88E-06 + 0.1647 x 2.34E-06

Dinh,p(x,t ) Persons F j inf ant Dinh,inf ant(x,t ) F j child Dinh,child(x,t )j

(mrem/yr) (mrem/yr) (mrem/yr)

+ 0.1957 x 1.22E-06 + 0.6217 x 1.02E-06

Fteen Dinh,teen(x,t ) F j adult Dinh,adult(x,t )j

(mrem/yr) (mrem/yr)

( )

(

( )

( )( )

)
66 

Figure 5-3 Radon Inhalation Dose to Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad during 

Time Step 4 in Case 1 

the Rn-220 dose rate to be 0.658 person-mrem/yr. Both values match the output results for 

Case 1. 

5.2 External 

The calculation of external dose from cloudshine and groundshine from U-238 in 7.7 m 

particulates for an individual receptor and a population segment are presented in Figure 5-5. 

The value of 9.54 × 10-6 mrem/yr for the individual dose rate and the value of 5.01 × 10-5

person-mrem/yr for the population segment both match the Case 1 output results. 

Inhalation Dose from Radon

Rn-222

3.84E-01 = 1012 x 1.86E-12 x 0.005 x 0.583 + 0.417 +

Dinh,Rn222(x,tj) (pCi/Ci) Cair(Rn222,x,tj) DCinh,Rn222 Fin (unitless) Fout (unitless)

(mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/yr per pCi/m3) (5.4)

0.495 x 0.583 x 0.5 + 0.417 x 2.76E-01

DCFinh,Rn222_D Fin (unitless) Ein_eq (unitless) Fout (unitless) Eout_eq (unitless)

(mrem/yr per pCi/m3

)

where

1.03E-06 x 8.49E-01 + 5.07E-06 x 2.84E-01 + 3.73E-06 x 1.07E-01

ABC

2.76E-01 =

Eout_eq (unitless) 1.03E-06 + 5.07E-06 + 3.73E-06

(5.5)

where 8.49E-01 = 1.58E-12 / 1.86E-12

A Cair(Po218,x,tj

) Cair(Rn222,x,tj)

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3)

2.84E-01 = 5.29E-13 / 1.86E-12

B Cair(Pb214,x,tj

) Cair(Rn222,x,tj)

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3)

1.07E-01 = 1.99E-13 / 1.86E-12

C Cair(Bi214,x,tj

) Cair(Rn222,x,tj)

(Ci/m3

) (Ci/m3)

Rn-220

1.07E-04 = 0.583 + 0.417 x 8.61E-09 x 12400 (5.6)

Dinh,Rn220(x,tj

) Fin (unitless) Fout (unitless) WLRn220 (x,tj) DCinh,Rn220

(mrem/yr) (WL) (mrem/yr per WL)

where

(5.7)

8.61E-09 = 9.48E-10 x 6.51E-04 + 1.23E-04 x 6.88E-05 + 1.17E-05 x 1.22E-05

WLRn220 (x,tj

) A' (pCi/m3

) B' (pCi/m3) C' (pCi/m3)

(WL) Po-216 Pb-212 Bi-212

[                       (                                     )

(                                                                                    )]

(                                     )
67 

Figure 5-4 Radon Inhalation Population Dose from All Sources at the 10–20 km SSW 

Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 

Inhalation Dose from Radon

Rn-222

4.23E+03 = 1012 x 883 x 1.40E-11 x 0.005 x 0.583 + 0.417 +

Dinh,Rn222(x,tj) (pCi/Ci) Persons Cair(Rn222,x,tj) DCinh,Rn222 Fin (unitless) Fout (unitless)

(person-mrem/yr) (Ci/m3

) (mrem/yr per pCi/m3) (5.4)

0.495 x 0.583 x 0.5 + 0.417 x 9.34E-01

DCFinh,Rn222_D Fin (unitless) Ein_eq (unitless) Fout (unitless) Eout_eq (unitless)

(mrem/yr per pCi/m3

)

where

1.03E-06 x 1.00E+00 + 5.07E-06 x 9.50E-01 + 3.73E-06 x 8.93E-01

ABC

9.34E-01 =

Eout_eq (unitless) 1.03E-06 + 5.07E-06 + 3.73E-06

(5.5)

where 1.00E+00 = 1.40E-11 / 1.40E-11

A Cair(Po218,x,tj

) Cair(Rn222,x,tj)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

9.50E-01 = 1.33E-11 / 1.40E-11

B Cair(Pb214,x,tj

) Cair(Rn222,x,tj)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

8.93E-01 = 1.25E-11 / 1.40E-11

C Cair(Bi214,x,tj

) Cair(Rn222,x,tj)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Rn-220

6.58E-01 = 883 x 6.01E-08 x 12400 (5.6)

Dinh,Rn220(x,tj

) Persons WLRn220 (x,tj) DCinh,Rn220

(person-mrem/yr) (WL) (mrem/yr per WL)

where

(5.7)

6.01E-08 = 9.48E-10 x 1.56E-10 + 1.23E-04 x 4.50E-04 + 1.17E-05 x 4.07E-04

WLRn220 (x,tj

) A' (pCi/m3

) B' (pCi/m3) C' (pCi/m3)

(WL) Po-216 Pb-212 Bi-212

[                       (                                     )

(                                                                                    )]
68 

Figure 5-5 External Dose from Groundshine and Cloudshine from U-238 in 7.7 m 

Particulates from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 

5.3 Ingestion 

The ingestion dose attributed to a specific radionuclide is calculated by multiplying an 

individual’s ingestion intake rate of the radionuclide by the age-specific ingestion DC for that 

radionuclide. In MILDOS-AREA, the ingestion intake rate calculation for an individual depends 

on the following input: 

 milk and meat ingestion rates for age group k (Umk, Ubk), 

 average milk concentration for radionuclide i during time step j, 

 average meat concentration for radionuclide i during time step j, 

 fraction of activity remaining in vegetables after food preparation (Fva), 

 vegetable ingestion rate for age group k (Uvk), 

 fraction of vegetable category c consumed by age group k (Fvck), and 

 concentration of radionuclide i in vegetation type v during time step j. 

The ingestion rate intake and ingestion exposure dose rates associated with the Nearest 

Resident NNW in Case 1 are presented in Figure 5-6 for U-238 in 7.7 m particulates for time 

step 4. The U-238 concentration in the three vegetable types was calculated in Figure 4-27, 

and the milk and meat concentration calculations were shown in Figure 4-28. The ingestion 

dose of 1.02 × 10-5 mrem/yr calculated in Figure 5-6 matches the Case 1 output results 

for the sum of doses from vegetable, meat, and milk ingestion. 

For population exposure, MILDOS-AREA assumes that all locally grown food is consumed, 

either locally or outside the region. The following additional input parameters are required to 

estimate the population ingestion dose: 

External Dose

Individual - Nearest Resident NNW

9.54E-06 = 1012 x 0.583 x 0.825 + 0.417

Dext,o(x,tj

) (pCi/Ci) Fin (unitless) Sin (unitless) Fout (unitless)

(mrem/yr) (5.1)

x 3.20E-19 x 1.61E-04 + 2.94E-12 x 3.61E-06

Cair(i,x,tj

) DCcld,io Cg(i,x,tj) DCgnd,io

(Ci/m3) (mrem/yr per pCi/m3) (Ci/m2) (mrem/yr per pCi/m2)

Population Segment Dose - 10-20 km SSW

5.01E-05 = 1012 x 883 x 0.583 x 0.7 + 0.417

Dext,ko(x,tj

) (pCi/Ci) Persons Fin (unitless) Sin (unitless) Fout (unitless)

(person-mrem/yr)

x 2.07E-21 x 1.61E-04 + 1.90E-14 x 3.61E-06

Cair(i,x,tj

) DCcld,io Cg(i,x,tj) DCgnd,io

(Ci/m3) (mrem/yr per pCi/m3) (Ci/m2) (mrem/yr per pCi/m2)

(                                                            )

(   )

(                                                            )

(   )
69 

Figure 5-6 Ingestion Dose from U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates to Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 

in Case 1 

Figure 5-7 Sample Calculations Used in Population Ingestion Dose Analysis for U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore 

Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 

Ingestion Intake

1.85E-02 = 130 x 2.66E-05 + 78.3 x 1.48E-05 + 0.5 x 105 x

Ik(i,x,t ) U j mk (L/yr) Cm(i,x,t ) U j bk (kg/yr) Cb(i,x,t ) F j v a (unitless) Uvk (kg/yr)

(pCi/yr) (pCi/L) (pCi/kg) (5.10)

0.38 x 5.60E-04 + 0.57 x 8.36E-05 + 0.05 x 8.36E-05

Fv 1k (kg/yr) Cv 1(i,x,t ) F j v 2k (kg/yr) Cv 2(i,x,t ) F j v 3k (kg/yr) Cv 3(i,x,t )j

(pCi/kg) (pCi/kg) (pCi/kg)

Effective Ingestion Dose

1.02E-05 = 1.85E-02 x 5.53E-04 (5.11)

Ding,ko(I,x,t ) I j k(i,x,t ) DC j ing,iko

(mrem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

( )

Fraction of meat produced in area consumed by adults

0.6217 x 127.9 (5.14)

Fpk (unitless) Ufk (kg/yr or L/yr)

0.7735 =

Ffk (unitless) 0.0179 x 0 + 0.1647 x 48.7 + 0.1957 x 78 + 0.6217 x 127.9

Fpk1 (unitless) Uf k1 (kg/yr) Fpk2 (unitless) Uf k2 (kg/yr) Fpk1 (unitless) Uf k3 (kg/yr) Fpk4 (unitless) Uf k4 (kg/yr)

Vegetable Concentrations of U-238 7.7 m Particulates at 10 - 20 km SSW on the Population Grid

2.95E-06 = 0.78 x 3.63E-06 + 0.2 x 5.41E-07 + 0.02 x 5.41E-07 (5.12)

Cv _av g(i,s,t ) W j v 1s (unitless) Cv 1s(i,x,t ) W j v 2s (unitless) Cv 2s(i,x,t ) W j v 3s (unitless) Cv 3s(i,x,t )j

(pCi/kg) (pCi/kg) (pCi/kg) (pCi/kg)
70 

 weighting factor for vegetable type v in population segment s (fraction of total 

production) (Wvs), 

 annual production rate of food type f in population segment s (Pfs), and 

 fraction of the population belonging to age group k (Fpk). 

The fraction of each food type consumed by each age group (Ffk) is first calculated. The 

calculation of the fraction of the amount of meat produced in an area that is consumed by adults 

is shown in Figure 5-7. The remaining values as calculated in the verification spreadsheet are 

shown in Table 5-1. 

Table 5-1 Fraction of Food Type Consumed by 

Age Group 

Age Group Vegetables Meat Milk 

Infant 0 0 0.0178 

Child 0.1417 0.0780 0.1850 

Teenager 0.2168 0.1485 0.2728 

Adult 0.6415 0.7735 0.5244 

For the population segment located 10–20 km SSW on the population grid in Case 1, the total 

activity of U-238 in each food group from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at time step 4 is 

calculated as provided in Figure 5-8. In conjunction with the fraction consumed by each age 

group, the total effective population ingestion dose is calculated as shown in Figure 5-9. The 

total population ingestion dose of 8.16 × 10-8 person-rem/yr matches the Case 1 output 

results for the sum of doses from vegetable, meat, and milk ingestion. 

Figure 5-8 Activity of U-238 in Food from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the 

10–20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid at Time Step 4 in Case 1 

 

Activity of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates in Each Food Type

1.44E-01 = 4.90E+04 x 2.95E-06 vegetables (5.13)

Qv (i,tj

) Pvs (kg/yr) Cv _av g(i,s,tj)

(pCi/yr) (pCi/kg)

7.76E-03 = 8.10E+04 x 9.58E-08 meat

Qb(i,tj

) Pbs (kg/yr) Cb(i,s,tj)

(pCi/yr) (pCi/kg)

1.01E-04 = 5.90E+02 x 1.72E-07 milk

Qm(i,tj

) Pms (kg/yr) Cm(i,s,tj)

(pCi/yr) (pCi/kg)
71 

Figure 5-9 Population Ingestion Dose from U-238 from the Ore Pad from Food Grown at 

the 10–20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid at Time Step 4 in Case 1 

Total Effective Population Ingestion Dose for U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates for Each Age Group

2.89E-08 = 10-3 x 0.5 x 1.44E-01 x 0.6415 x 5.53E-04

PDing,ko(tj

) (rem/mrem) Fv a (unitless) Qv (i,tj) Fvk (unitless) DCing,iko

(person-rem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 7.76E-03 x 0.7735 x 5.53E-04 Adult

Fba (unitless) Qb(i,tj

) Fbk (unitless) DCing,iko

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 1.01E-04 x 0.5244 x 5.53E-04

Fma (unitless) Qm(i,tj) Fmk (unitless) DCing,iko

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

2.88E-08 = 10-3 x 0.5 x 1.44E-01 x 0.2168 x 1.71E-03

PDing,ko(tj

) (rem/mrem) Fv a (unitless) Qv (i,tj) Fvk (unitless) DCing,iko

(person-rem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 7.76E-03 x 0.1485 x 1.71E-03 Teenager

Fba (unitless) Qb(i,tj

) Fbk (unitless) DCing,iko

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 1.01E-04 x 0.2728 x 1.71E-03

Fma (unitless) Qm(i,tj

) Fmk (unitless) DCing,iko

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

2.38E-08 = 10-3 x 0.5 x 1.44E-01 x 0.1417 x 2.19E-03

PDing,ko(tj

) (rem/mrem) Fv a (unitless) Qv (i,tj) Fvk (unitless) DCing,iko

(person-rem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 7.76E-03 x 0.0780 x 2.19E-03 Child

Fba (unitless) Qb(i,tj) Fbk (unitless) DCing,iko

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 1.01E-04 x 0.1850 x 2.19E-03

Fma (unitless) Qm(i,tj

) Fmk (unitless) DCing,iko (5.15)

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

6.29E-11 = 10-3 x 0.5 x 1.44E-01 x 0.0000 x 3.49E-02

PDing,ko(tj

) (rem/mrem) Fv a (unitless) Qv (i,tj) Fvk (unitless) DCing,iko

(person-rem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 7.76E-03 x 0.0000 x 3.49E-02 Infant

Fba (unitless) Qb(i,tj

) Fbk (unitless) DCing,iko

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 1.01E-04 x 0.0178 x 3.49E-02

Fma (unitless) Qm(i,tj

) Fmk (unitless) DCing,iko

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

Total Effective Population Ingestion Dose for U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates

8.16E-08 = 6.29E-11 + 2.38E-08 + 2.88E-08 + 2.89E-08

PDing(tj

) PDing,ko(tj) PDing,ko(tj) PDing,ko(tj) PDing,ko(tj)

(person-rem/yr) (person-rem/yr) (person-rem/yr) (person-rem/yr) (person-rem/yr)

infant child teenager adult

(  

)

(  

)

(  

)

(  

)

APPENDIX A: 

VARIABLE DEFINITIONS 

 

A-1 

APPENDIX A: VARIABLE DEFINITIONS 

Rn220 Rn-220 decay constant (1/d) 

Rn222 Rn-222 decay constant (1/d) 

a density of air (g/m3) 

 bulk density of the ore material (g/cm3) 

p particle density (g/m3) 

z vertical dispersion coefficient (m) 

yb buoyancy-induced horizontal dispersion coefficient (m) 

zb buoyancy-induced vertical dispersion coefficient (m) 

Ao active area of the ore zone (m2) 

Ca local air concentration (Ci/m3) 

CoRa224 concentration of Ra-224 in the ore (pCi/g) 

CoRa226 concentration of Ra-226 in the ore (pCi/g) 

C   i, x sec sector-average air concentration of radionuclide i at distance x (Ci/m3) 

ch empirical constant to relate shear velocity to horizontal flux (1x102 g-s2/m4) 

ct dimensionless coefficient equal to 0.1 

cv coefficient of proportionality for vertical flux (2x10-6 g/m2-s) 

CwRn220 Rn-220 concentration in process water (pCi/L) 

CwRn222 Rn-222 concentration in process water (pCi/L, 

Do average thickness of the ore zone (m) 

d average diameter of saltating particle (m) 

dp particle diameter for particulate p (m) 

ds inside diameter of the emission stack (m) 

Ep release elevation, the reference point for the release height (m) 

Er receptor elevation (m) 

ERn220 emanating power for Rn-220 (unitless) 

ERn222 emanating power for Rn-222 (unitless) 

Fix water discharge rate from resin unloading of ion exchange columns (L/d) 

fothers fraction of Pb-210 relative to U-238 released through the drying/packaging facility 

stack (unitless) 

Fp “purge” rate of treated water (L/d) 

fRa fraction of Ra-226 relative to U-238 released through the drying / packaging 

facility stack (unitless) 

fRn fraction of radon source carried by circulating water (unitless) 

fs fraction of production released through the drying / packaging facility stack 

(unitless) 

fTh fraction of Th-230 relative to U-238 released through the drying / packaging 

facility stack (unitless) 

g gravitational acceleration (9.80665 m/s2) 

h plume rise (m) 

H effective release height (m) 

h physical release height (m) 

hv vertical (gravitational) settling of the plume (m), 

L mixing layer height, sometimes referred to as the lid height (m) 

Lam average mixing layer height in the morning (m) 

Lpm average mixing layer height in the afternoon (m) 

l normal adiabatic lapse rate of the atmosphere (0.0098 K/m) 
A-2 

More average mass of ore material in a mud pit (g) 

Nix number of ion exchange unloadings per day 

Npit number of mud pits generated per year 

Pc plume-path coefficient (unitless) 

Pix porosity of the ion exchange resin (unitless) 

ptm percent of tailing mass that has a diameter smaller than 20 m (unitless) 

PB210dp Pb-210 release rate from the drying / packaging facility stack (Ci/yr) 

p power for height ratio (unitless) 

Qoi

 initial amount of radionuclide i released (Ci/s) 

Qh heat flux from radionuclide release area (cal/s) 

Qxi depleted source strength of nuclide i at distance x (Ci) 

qh horizontal flux of particulate material (g/m-s) 

qv vertical flux (emission rate) of particulate material (g/m2-s) 

R rainfall rate (mm/h) 

RA226dp Ra-226 release rate from the drying / packaging facility stack (Ci/yr) 

Rn220nw Rn-220 release rate from a new well field (Ci/yr) 

Rn222nw Rn-222 release rate from a new well field (Ci/yr) 

Ryc daily production rate of yellowcake at the facility (kg U3O8/d) 

s stability parameter (unitless) 

TH230dp Th-230 release rate from the drying / packaging facility stack (Ci/yr) 

Ta ambient air temperature (K) 

t time following release (s) 

tpit storage time in a mud pit (d) 

u* shear velocity (m/s) 

u*t threshold shear velocity (m/s) 

U238dp U-238 release rate from the drying / packaging facility stack (Ci/yr) 

U238sa specific activity of U-238 (3.3x10-7 Ci/g) 

ua wind speed at measurement height (m/s) 

uH average wind speed at the effective release height (m/s) 

uz wind velocity at height z (m/s) 

Vc volume of water in circulation (L) 

Vdp

 deposition velocity for particle size p (m/s) 

Vix volume content of the ion exchange column (L) 

Vs settling velocity (m/s) 

Vw washout coefficient (1/s) 

vRn rate of radon venting from piping and valves during circulation (1/d) 

vs exit velocity of effluent from emission stack (m/s) 

W water content expressed in weight percent 

Wc washout coefficient (1/s)(mm/h)-1

x downwind receptor distance from release area (m) 

y crosswind distance from the plume centerline (m) 

z wind measurement height (m) 

zo characteristic surface roughness height (g/m-s) 

za height of anemometer for wind speed measurement (m) 

zr vertical distance above the release point (m) 
APPENDIX B: 

CASE 1 USER FILE INPUT SUMMARY 

Case 1 

B-1 

MILDOS-AREA STANDARD RESULTS REPORT 

Case Title: Case 1 

Version: MILDOS-AREA 4.0 

File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case1.mla 

Date: 12/08/2015 16:33:57 

Table of Contents 

 Input Listing

o Parameters 

o Receptors 

o Sources 

o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters 

o Population Ingestion Parameters 

o 80km Population 

o 80km Vegetation 

o 80km Meat 

o 80km Milk 

o Meteorological Joint Freq Data 

o Dose Coefficients 

Parameters 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name Value Description 

ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) 

amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) 

anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) 

caseFile place holder not used 

caseInfo Sample file Additional user-specified information for the case under study 

caseTitle Case 1 User-defined title for case under study 

cowIngestRate 50 Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and milk cows) (kg/day)

cutoffHeight 50 Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion coefficients (m) 

decayPlants 14 Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from vegetation due to 

weathering processes (days) 

fracEdibleLeafAnimal 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of animal-consumed 

vegetation (unitless) 

fracEdibleLeafHuman 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-consumed leafy 

vegetables (unitless) 

fracEdibleRoot 0.1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-consumed root 

vegetables (unitless) 

fracHayInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual consumption (unitless) 

fracHayPop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for consumption by the general 

population (unitless) 

fracMeatPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in meat remaining after food preparation (unitless) 

fracMilkPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in milk remaining after food preparation (unitless) 

fracPastureInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for individual consumption 

(unitless) 

fracPasturePop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for consumption by the general 

population (unitless) 

fracRetain 0.2 Fraction of air-deposited radionuclides retained on vegetation (unitless) 

fracVegPrep 0.5 Fraction of radioactivity in vegetables remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 

gridSize 5 Size of grid blocks to use when calculating air concentrations (m) 
Case 1 

B-2 

isPopExposure True Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) 

isPopIngest True Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) 

jfdNotes Sample data Stores user notes as needed 

mapProj Local 

Coordinates 

Contains the current map projection being used for the map display; consists of 

a list of the UTM zone, the datum (WGS84 or NAD83), and the EPSG code for 

the projection (EPSG stands for what used to be the European Petroleum 

Survey Group) 

mapState String with serialized map state 

maxDistCalcArea 1000 Maximum distance between an area source and receptor where the area 

source model will be used; the source will be treated as a point source beyond 

the specified distance (m) 

meatProd 0 Farmland meat productivity (kg/yr) 

metFreq 0 Frequency of time wind is blowing in a specific direction, under a specific 

stability category, at a given wind speed (unitless) 

milkProd 0 Farmland milk productivity (kg/yr) 

nPeople 0 Number of people in sector segment (persons) 

partFrac 0 Fraction of particle size distribution for a given average particle size (unitless) 

pmMix 1600 Annual afternoon mixing height (m) 

rain 0 Rainfall rate (m/yr) 

relRate 0 Nuclide release rate (Ci/yr) 

resuspDepVel 0.01 Deposition velocity for particulates associated with the intial and final 

resuspension factors specified (m/s) 

resuspFacFinal 1.00E-09 Final resuspension factor for determining resuspended air concentrations (1/m)

resuspFacInitial 1.00E-05 Initial resuspension factor for determining resuspended air concentrations (1/m)

resuspHalfLife 0.137 Resuspension factor decay half-life (yr) 

soilArealDen 240 Areal surface density / effective surface soil density (kg/m^2) 

soilConc 0 Nuclide soil concentration for area sources (pCi/g) 

soilHalfLife 50 Environmental soil loss half-life (yr) 

vegProd 0 Farmland vegetable productivity (kg/yr) 

vGrow 60 Exposure time to radionuclides during the human-consumed vegetable growing 

season(days) 

vGrowPasture 30 Exposure time to radionuclides during the animal-consumed vegetation 

growing season (days) 

yieldMeat 3070 Farmland production rate of meat for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldMilk 6710 Farmland production rate of milk for population ingestion calculations (kg/km^2-

yr) 

yieldVeg 55800 Farmland production rate of vegetation for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yVeg 2 Yield density of human-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 

yVegPasture 0.75 Yield density of animal-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 
B-3 

Case 1 

Receptors (Return to Table of Contents)

Name 

x 

(m) 

y 

(m) 

z 

(m) 

Age 

Group 

Indoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Outdoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Indoor 

Shielding 

Fraction

Consider 

Vegetation 

Pathway?

Vegetation 

Ingestion 

Rate (kg/yr)

Consider 

Meat 

Pathway? 

Meat 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Consider 

Milk 

Pathway?

Milk 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) No.

Rn-222 

Indoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

Calc. Rn222 

Outdoor 

Equil. 

Fraction?

Rn-222 

Outdoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

Fence Boundary E 

1600 -200 9 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 8.25E-01 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 1 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

Fence Boundary SSE 

1080 -1600 2 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 8.25E-01 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 2 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

Grazing E 2560 0 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 3 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01Grazing ESE 

2584 -890 -1 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 4 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

Nearest Resident NNW 

-488 1466 12 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 5 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01

Nearest Residen NE 

2128 2168 10 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 6 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01
Case 1 

B-4 

Sources 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name Source Type 

Particle 

Distribution 

Set x (m) y (m) z (m) 

Dispersion 

Coefficents No.

Yellocake Stack Drying/Packaging 

Source 

1 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.00E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 1 

Ore Pad Area Source 3 4.00E+02 4.00E+02 6.00E+00 Pasquill-Gifford 2 

Grizzly Dump 

Hopper 

Point Source 2 2.00E+02 2.00E+02 0.00E+00 Pasquill-Gifford 3 

Tailings Area 1 Area Source 3 1.73E+02 8.17E+02 -1.00E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 4 

Tailings Area 2 Area Source 3 -1.56E+03 -1.10E+03 -1.00E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 5 

Tailings Area 3 Area Source 3 1.20E+03 -2.20E+03 -1.00E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 6 

Source Release Terms Before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y] 

Source Rn-222 U-238 Th-230 Ra-226 Pb-210 Rn-220 Th-232 Ra-228 Th-228 

Yellocake Stack 0.00E+00 7.15E-02 3.58E-04 3.58E-04 3.58E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Ore Pad 6.41E+02 3.87E-04 3.87E-04 3.87E-04 3.87E-04 1.69E+01 1.02E-05 1.02E-05 1.02E-05

Grizzly Dump 

Hopper 4.20E+01 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 1.50E+00 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 8.00E-04

Tailings Area 1 1.28E+03 3.10E-05 7.37E-04 7.74E-04 7.74E-04 3.61E+01 2.18E-05 2.18E-05 2.18E-05

Tailings Area 2 3.64E+03 8.80E-05 2.10E-03 2.20E-03 2.20E-03 1.11E+02 6.69E-05 6.69E-05 6.69E-05

Tailings Area 3 1.51E+04 3.65E-04 8.68E-03 9.12E-03 9.12E-03 4.24E+02 2.56E-04 2.56E-04 2.56E-04

Source Type Specific Parameters

Point Sources 

Name 

Inside Stack 

Diameter (m) 

Effluent Exit 

Velocity (m/s)

Rn-220 

Release Rate

Rn-222 

Release Rate

Momentum 

based rise? 

Heat 

Release 

Grizzly Dump 

Hopper 

1.5 0 1.5 42 True 0 
B-5 

Case 1 

Area Sources 

Name 

Area 

Option Radius 

Rectangle 

Length 

Rectangle 

Width 

Rect 

Rotate

Rn-220 

Release 

Rate 

Rn-222 

Release 

Rate 

Particulate 

Release 

Rate 

Erosion 

Option Area 

Tailing 

Mass

< 20 um 

(%) 

Surface 

Roughness 

Height (m) 

Particle Density 

(g/m3) 

Water 

Content 

(wt.%) 

Saltating 

Particle 

Diameter 

(m) 

Ore Pad CIRC 100 100 100 0 17 647 0 True 31415.9265358979 3 0.01 2400000 0.1 0.0003 Tailings Area 1 RECT 100 378 378 0 8 284.4 0 True 142884 3 0.01 2400000 0.1 0.0003 Tailings Area 2 RECT 100 520 520 0 13 427 0 True 270400 3 0.01 2400000 0.1 0.0003 Tailings Area 3 POLY 100 910 910 0 16 570 0 True 840000 3 0.01 2400000 0.1 0.0003 

Dry Pack Sources 

Name 

Inside 

Stack 

Diameter 

(m) 

Effluent 

Exit 

Velocity 

(m/s) 

Yellowcake 

Production 

Rate (kg/d)

Fraction 

Released 

to Stack

Th 

Fraction

Ra 

Fraction

Others 

Fraction

Momentum 

based rise?

Heat 

Release

Yellocake Stack 

1.2 14.2 700 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 True 0 

Release Adjustments Over Time

Source Particle Adjustment Radon Adjustment 

Time step Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4Duration (years) 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 Yellocake Stack 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Ore Pad 1 1 1 0.1 1 1 1 0.1 Grizzly Dump Hopper 0.8 1 1 0.9 0.8 1 1 0.9 Tailings Area 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Tailings Area 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Tailings Area 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 
Case 1 

B-6 

Vegetable Ingestion Parameters 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Vegetation Type 

Infant Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Child Vegetable 

Ingestion Fraction

Teenager Vegetable 

Ingestion Fraction 

Adult Vegetable 

Ingestion Fraction 

Population 

Vegetable 

Fraction 

Above Ground 0.00E+00 3.60E-01 3.80E-01 3.80E-01 7.80E-01 

Potatoes 0.00E+00 5.70E-01 5.50E-01 5.70E-01 2.00E-01 

Below Ground 0.00E+00 7.00E-02 7.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 

Population Ingestion Parameters 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Age 

Group 

Fraction of 

Population 

Vegetation Ingestion 

Rate (kg/yr) 

Meat Ingestion Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Milk Ingestion Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Infant 1.79E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.08E+02 

Child 1.65E-01 2.38E+02 4.87E+01 2.35E+02 

Teenager 1.96E-01 3.07E+02 7.80E+01 2.91E+02 

Adult 6.22E-01 2.86E+02 1.28E+02 1.76E+02 

80km Population 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction 

1-2 

km 

2-3 

km 

3-4 

km 

4-5 

km 

5-10 

km 

10-20 

km 

20-30 

km 

30-40 

km 

40-50 

km 

50-60 

km 

60-70 

km 

70-80 

km 

N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

NNE 0 286 1603 1288 221 4073 6789 9505 12220 14591 15101 15552 

NE 0 1288 1402 258 779 4073 6789 9505 12220 13210 12551 14482 

ENE 0 1431 1202 1545 221 883 1472 3921 8870 14092 15611 16542 

E 0 1431 2003 258 221 883 1472 2060 2649 3238 5900 8403 

ESE 572 1431 2003 773 221 883 1472 2060 2649 3238 3826 4415 

SE 572 143 21 26 221 883 1472 2060 2707 3677 4761 6404 

SSE 916 215 21 26 221 883 1472 2060 3296 4995 5904 6812 

S 286 143 200 26 221 883 1472 2060 2721 4995 5904 6812 

SSW 12 15 21 26 221 883 2068 3870 3656 4995 5904 6812 

SW 12 15 21 26 221 1360 3460 4844 6143 6304 6368 6812 

WSW 12 15 21 26 370 2076 3460 4844 4789 4665 4838 5162 

W 114 15 21 26 519 2076 3460 4844 2809 3214 3798 4382 

WNW 114 15 21 26 519 2009 2904 3677 4427 4092 3798 4382 

NW 229 15 21 44 519 1476 2348 3287 4226 5166 5841 6384 

NNW 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 
Case 1 

B-7 

80km Vegetation (kg/yr) 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction 

1-2 

km 

2-3 

km 

3-4 

km 

4-5 

km 

5-10 

km 

10-20 

km 

20-30 

km 

30-40 

km 

40-50 

km 

50-60 

km 

60-70 

km 

70-80 

km 

N 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.90E+

05 

1.10E+

06 

1.70E+

06 

2.50E+

06 

4.20E+

04 

1.20E+

05 

NNE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

6.90E+

02 

4.50E+

05 

8.70E+

05 

1.40E+

06 

2.30E+

06 

3.50E+

05 

3.90E+

05 

NE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.30E+

07 

4.80E+

05 

7.90E+

05 

1.20E+

06 

1.20E+

06 

0.00E+

00 

8.30E+

04 

ENE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

4.40E+

04 

4.70E+

05 

7.90E+

05 

1.00E+

06 

8.80E+

05 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

E 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

05 

4.50E+

04 

2.70E+

05 

4.40E+

05 

3.90E+

05 

0.00E+

00 

9.10E+

01 

ESE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.20E+

05 

2.80E+

05 

1.10E+

03 

2.30E+

02 

1.30E+

03 

1.20E+

02 

7.00E+

02 

SE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.20E+

05 

5.30E+

05 

2.80E+

06 

6.60E+

06 

2.20E+

06 

2.20E+

02 

3.30E+

02 

SSE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

05 

5.80E+

05 

2.80E+

06 

1.20E+

07 

1.40E+

07 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

S 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

9.00E+

04 

5.80E+

05 

9.70E+

05 

5.10E+

06 

4.80E+

06 

3.20E+

05 

1.10E+

05 

SSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

4.90E+

04 

5.80E+

05 

9.70E+

05 

1.00E+

06 

7.40E+

05 

5.90E+

05 

6.40E+

05 

SW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.90E+

03 

5.30E+

05 

8.90E+

05 

1.00E+

06 

7.50E+

05 

1.70E+

05 

2.90E+

01 

WSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.50E+

05 

4.90E+

05 

8.50E+

05 

1.10E+

06 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

W 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.60E+

05 

3.40E+

05 

1.60E+

05 

7.00E+

05 

1.60E+

02 

1.20E+

02 

WNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.40E+

05 

4.00E+

05 

1.80E+

05 

5.60E+

04 

5.00E+

02 

6.30E+

02 

NW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

4.30E+

06 

3.10E+

05 

3.70E+

05 

3.10E+

05 

7.10E+

01 

4.00E+

02 

NNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.60E+

06 

2.00E+

06 

1.10E+

06 

1.00E+

06 

1.20E+

02 

0.00E+

00 
Case 1 

B-8 

80km Meat (kg/yr) 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction 

1-2 

km 

2-3 

km 

3-4 

km 

4-5 

km 

5-10 

km 

10-20 

km 

20-30 

km 

30-40 

km 

40-50 

km 

50-60 

km 

60-70 

km 

70-80 

km 

N 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.80E+

06 

3.10E+

06 

4.10E+

06 

6.30E+

06 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

NNE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.10E+

03 

2.10E+

06 

3.40E+

06 

4.30E+

06 

6.70E+

06 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

NE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

9.70E+

07 

2.20E+

06 

3.60E+

06 

4.80E+

06 

5.80E+

06 

6.50E+

05 

7.60E+

05 

ENE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

05 

2.10E+

06 

3.60E+

06 

5.30E+

06 

8.00E+

06 

7.90E+

06 

8.10E+

06 

E 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.80E+

05 

2.30E+

05 

1.30E+

06 

3.40E+

06 

4.40E+

06 

3.80E+

06 

2.90E+

06 

ESE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.90E+

05 

5.00E+

05 

1.10E+

05 

5.40E+

04 

3.20E+

05 

2.00E+

06 

4.40E+

06 

SE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.00E+

05 

8.80E+

05 

8.20E+

05 

4.00E+

05 

1.40E+

05 

1.80E+

06 

3.50E+

06 

SSE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.90E+

05 

9.60E+

05 

1.30E+

06 

7.30E+

05 

1.20E+

06 

4.70E+

04 

1.20E+

06 

S 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.50E+

05 

9.60E+

05 

1.60E+

06 

1.70E+

06 

2.40E+

06 

1.10E+

06 

7.90E+

05 

SSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

8.10E+

04 

9.60E+

05 

1.60E+

06 

2.50E+

06 

3.80E+

06 

2.00E+

06 

3.30E+

06 

SW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

6.30E+

03 

1.20E+

06 

2.60E+

06 

4.20E+

06 

5.10E+

06 

1.90E+

06 

7.40E+

06 

WSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.40E+

06 

6.30E+

06 

7.80E+

06 

9.90E+

06 

3.90E+

05 

9.70E+

06 

W 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.60E+

06 

6.30E+

06 

7.90E+

06 

1.00E+

07 

1.70E+

06 

1.80E+

06 

WNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.30E+

06 

6.60E+

06 

8.40E+

06 

5.30E+

06 

4.60E+

06 

5.60E+

06 

NW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

6.40E+

07 

6.80E+

06 

8.80E+

06 

9.20E+

06 

4.20E+

06 

5.70E+

06 

NNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.80E+

07 

3.00E+

07 

6.70E+

06 

7.80E+

06 

2.60E+

06 

1.60E+

06 
Case 1 

B-9 

80km Milk (kg/yr) 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction 

1-2 

km 

2-3 

km 

3-4 

km 

4-5 

km 

5-10 

km 

10-20 

km 

20-30 

km 

30-40 

km 

40-50 

km 

50-60 

km 

60-70 

km 

70-80 

km 

N 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

0.00E+

00 

9.10E+

01 

NNE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

1.20E+

02 

7.00E+

02 

NE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.40E+

05 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

03 

2.20E+

02 

3.30E+

02 

ENE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.70E+

02 

3.30E+

01 

0.00E+

00 

1.60E+

03 

8.80E+

03 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

E 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.30E+

03 

1.30E+

02 

0.00E+

00 

2.80E+

03 

4.10E+

03 

3.20E+

05 

1.10E+

05 

ESE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.40E+

03 

3.40E+

03 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

5.90E+

05 

6.40E+

05 

SE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.40E+

03 

6.30E+

03 

4.70E+

03 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.70E+

05 

2.90E+

01 

SSE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.30E+

03 

6.90E+

03 

8.70E+

03 

8.60E+

00 

2.40E+

03 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

S 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

03 

6.90E+

03 

1.20E+

04 

1.10E+

04 

4.80E+

04 

1.60E+

02 

1.20E+

02 

SSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

5.90E+

02 

6.90E+

03 

1.20E+

04 

3.10E+

05 

9.60E+

05 

5.00E+

02 

6.30E+

02 

SW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

4.60E+

01 

6.00E+

03 

3.10E+

04 

2.50E+

05 

7.70E+

05 

7.10E+

01 

4.00E+

02 

WSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

7.60E+

00 

3.20E+

04 

1.60E+

05 

2.10E+

05 

1.20E+

02 

0.00E+

00 

W 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.30E+

04 

1.30E+

05 

2.00E+

06 

3.30E+

06 

WNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

1.90E+

06 

7.40E+

06 

NW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

3.90E+

05 

9.70E+

06 

NNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

1.70E+

06 

1.80E+

06 
Case 1 

B-10 

Met JFD 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction Stability Class 0.67 m/s 2.46 m/s 4.47 m/s 6.93 m/s 9.61 m/s 12.5 m/s 

N A 0.00019 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE A 0.00035 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE A 0.00036 0.00012 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE A 0.00016 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E A 0.00030 0.00007 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE A 0.00155 0.00025 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE A 0.00121 0.00027 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE A 0.00083 0.00022 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S A 0.00159 0.00032 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW A 0.00035 0.00013 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW A 0.00194 0.00035 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW A 0.00078 0.00020 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W A 0.00066 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW A 0.00082 0.00010 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW A 0.00070 0.00017 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW A 0.00040 0.00003 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N B 0.00355 0.00088 0.00035 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE B 0.00430 0.00123 0.00047 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE B 0.00411 0.00185 0.00066 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE B 0.00136 0.00054 0.00032 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E B 0.00140 0.00054 0.00022 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE B 0.00090 0.00056 0.00093 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE B 0.00338 0.00249 0.00348 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE B 0.00208 0.00165 0.00249 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S B 0.00165 0.00067 0.00143 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW B 0.00204 0.00106 0.00089 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW B 0.00276 0.00084 0.00101 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW B 0.00365 0.00109 0.00136 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W B 0.00417 0.00128 0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW B 0.00352 0.00056 0.00180 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW B 0.00225 0.00104 0.00089 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW B 0.00313 0.00094 0.00071 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N C 0.00065 0.00189 0.00197 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE C 0.00063 0.00180 0.00264 0.00040 0.00005 0.00000 

NE C 0.00058 0.00192 0.00251 0.00056 0.00005 0.00002 

ENE C 0.00021 0.00045 0.00050 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 

E C 0.00023 0.00029 0.00019 0.00013 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE C 0.00027 0.00056 0.00163 0.00042 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 1 

B-11 

SE C 0.00085 0.00345 0.01353 0.00348 0.00022 0.00002 

SSE C 0.00049 0.00219 0.00889 0.00305 0.00045 0.00012 

S C 0.00040 0.00098 0.00300 0.00202 0.00064 0.00039 

SSW C 0.00033 0.00088 0.00209 0.00254 0.00088 0.00039 

SW C 0.00048 0.00099 0.00296 0.00261 0.00084 0.00020 

WSW C 0.00095 0.00244 0.00284 0.00190 0.00064 0.00013 

W C 0.00171 0.00572 0.00545 0.00163 0.00007 0.00005 

WNW C 0.00127 0.00288 0.00623 0.00153 0.00045 0.00000 

NW C 0.00073 0.00150 0.00498 0.00200 0.00032 0.00008 

NNW C 0.00057 0.00197 0.00274 0.00067 0.00002 0.00002 

N D 0.00094 0.00178 0.00266 0.00412 0.00077 0.00003 

NNE D 0.00071 0.00145 0.00261 0.00534 0.00061 0.00019 

NE D 0.00071 0.00153 0.00379 0.00481 0.00044 0.00002 

ENE D 0.00073 0.00093 0.00077 0.00029 0.00000 0.00000 

E D 0.00057 0.00076 0.00047 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE D 0.00073 0.00118 0.00103 0.00120 0.00008 0.00000 

SE D 0.00223 0.00441 0.01294 0.01432 0.00059 0.00002 

SSE D 0.00208 0.00397 0.00894 0.01158 0.00148 0.00039 

S D 0.00074 0.00133 0.00298 0.00668 0.00288 0.00118 

SSW D 0.00053 0.00084 0.00221 0.00944 0.00353 0.00150 

SW D 0.00075 0.00143 0.00330 0.01227 0.00569 0.00173 

WSW D 0.00136 0.00274 0.00311 0.01032 0.00328 0.00101 

W D 0.00233 0.00522 0.00761 0.00963 0.00170 0.00035 

WNW D 0.00144 0.00325 0.00850 0.02129 0.00630 0.00098 

NW D 0.00120 0.00274 0.00901 0.02629 0.00677 0.00081 

NNW D 0.00105 0.00217 0.00454 0.00768 0.00104 0.00013 

N E 0.00000 0.00108 0.00421 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE E 0.00000 0.00098 0.00261 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE E 0.00000 0.00044 0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE E 0.00000 0.00040 0.00024 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E E 0.00000 0.00015 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE E 0.00000 0.00015 0.00042 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE E 0.00000 0.00091 0.00468 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE E 0.00000 0.00089 0.00643 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S E 0.00000 0.00103 0.00323 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW E 0.00000 0.00086 0.00350 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW E 0.00000 0.00108 0.00446 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW E 0.00000 0.00374 0.01273 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W E 0.00000 0.00520 0.05597 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW E 0.00000 0.00224 0.01847 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW E 0.00000 0.00185 0.01606 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 1 

B-12 

NNW E 0.00000 0.00153 0.00874 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N F 0.00392 0.00458 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE F 0.00360 0.00300 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE F 0.00241 0.00202 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE F 0.00111 0.00099 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E F 0.00036 0.00029 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE F 0.00045 0.00025 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE F 0.00184 0.00232 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE F 0.00291 0.00387 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S F 0.00345 0.00352 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW F 0.00472 0.00372 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW F 0.01120 0.01106 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW F 0.03006 0.04124 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W F 0.03300 0.05573 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW F 0.01247 0.01655 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW F 0.00809 0.00949 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW F 0.00643 0.00685 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 1 

B-13 

Dose Coefficients 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Radon Dose Coefficients

[mrem/(pCi/m3)] 

Nuclide Effective Bone Kidney Liver Lung

Th-232 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-220 12400 0 0 0 12400

Po-216 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-212 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-212 0 0 0 0 0 

U-238 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-230 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-226 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-222 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 

Po-218 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Po-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-210 0 0 0 0 0 

1% of Rn-222 DCF is from Rn-222 without 

daughters[(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

 
Case 1 

B-14 

External Dose Coefficients 

Air Submersion: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)]Ground Surface: 

[(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m2)] 

Nuclide Air_Submersion Ground_Surface NucIndx

Rn-220 2.16E-06 4.45E-08 0 

Po-216 9.68E-08 1.93E-09 1 

Pb-212 8.02E-04 1.67E-05 2 

Bi-212 8.52E-03 1.46E-04 3 

Th-232 1.02E-06 6.43E-08 4 

Ra-228 5.58E-03 1.08E-04 5 

Th-228 6.57E-05 1.39E-06 6 

Rn-222 2.23E-06 4.61E-08 7 

Po-218 5.23E-08 1.04E-09 8 

Pb-214 1.38E-03 2.85E-05 9 

Bi-214 8.93E-03 1.65E-04 10 

Pb-210 6.59E-06 4.13E-07 11 

Bi-210 3.84E-06 0.00E+00 12 

Po-210 4.86E-08 0.00E+00 13 

U-238 1.61E-04 3.61E-06 14 

Th-230 2.03E-06 8.76E-08 15 

Ra-226 3.68E-05 7.52E-07 16 
APPENDIX C: 

CASE 2 USER FILE INPUT SUMMARY 

Case 2 

C-1 

MILDOS-AREA STANDARD RESULTS REPORT 

Case Title: Case 2 

Version: MILDOS-AREA 4.0 

File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case2.mla 

Date: 12/09/2015 10:05:12 

Table of Contents 

 Input Listing

o Parameters 

o Receptors 

o Sources 

o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters 

o Meteorological Joint Freq Data 

o Dose Coefficients 

Parameters 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name Value Description 

ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) 

amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) 

anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) 

caseFile place holder not used 

caseInfo ISR facility 

sample file 

Additional user-specified information for the case under study 

caseTitle Case 2 User-defined title for case under study 

cowIngestRate 50 Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and milk cows) 

(kg/day) 

cutoffHeight 50 Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion coefficients (m) 

decayPlants 14 Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from vegetation due to 

weathering processes (days) 

fracEdibleLeafAnimal 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of animal-consumed 

vegetation (unitless) 

fracEdibleLeafHuman 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-consumed leafy 

vegetables (unitless) 

fracEdibleRoot 0.1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-consumed root 

vegetables (unitless) 

fracHayInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual consumption (unitless)

fracHayPop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for consumption by the general 

population (unitless) 

fracMeatPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in meat remaining after food preparation (unitless) 

fracMilkPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in milk remaining after food preparation (unitless) 

fracPastureInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for individual consumption 

(unitless) 

fracPasturePop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for consumption by the general 

population (unitless) 

fracRetain 0.2 Fraction of air-deposited radionuclides retained on vegetation (unitless) 

fracVegPrep 0.5 Fraction of radioactivity in vegetables remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 

gridSize 5 Size of grid blocks to use when calculating air concentrations (m) 

isPopExposure False Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) 

isPopIngest TRUE Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) 

jfdNotes From ISH 

data 

Stores user notes as needed 
Case 2 

C-2 

mapProj Local 

Coordinates 

Contains the current map projection being used for the map display; consists 

of a list of the UTM zone, the datum (WGS84 or NAD83), and the EPSG code 

for the projection (EPSG stands for what used to be the European Petroleum 

Survey Group) 

mapState String with serialized map state 

maxDistCalcArea 1000 Maximum distance between an area source and receptor where the area 

source model will be used; the source will be treated as a point source beyond 

the specified distance (m) 

meatProd 0 Farmland meat productivity (kg/yr) 

metFreq 0 Frequency of time wind is blowing in a specific direction, under a specific 

stability category, at a given wind speed (unitless) 

milkProd 0 Farmland milk productivity (kg/yr) 

nPeople 0 Number of people in sector segment (persons) 

partFrac 0 Fraction of particle size distribution for a given average particle size (unitless) 

pmMix 1600 Annual afternoon mixing height (m) 

rain 0 Rainfall rate (m/yr) 

relRate 0 Nuclide release rate (Ci/yr) 

resuspDepVel .01 Deposition velocity for particulates associated with the intial and final 

resuspension factors specified (m/s) 

resuspFacFinal 1.00E-09 Final resuspension factor for determining resuspended air concentrations 

(1/m) 

resuspFacInitial 1.00E-05 Initial resuspension factor for determining resuspended air concentrations 

(1/m) 

resuspHalfLife 0.137 Resuspension factor decay half-life (yr) 

soilArealDen 240 Areal surface density / effective surface soil density (kg/m^2) 

soilConc 0 Nuclide soil concentration for area sources (pCi/g) 

soilHalfLife 50 Environmental soil loss half-life (yr) 

vegProd 0 Farmland vegetable productivity (kg/yr) 

vGrow 60 Exposure time to radionuclides during the human-consumed vegetable 

growing season(days) 

vGrowPasture 30 Exposure time to radionuclides during the animal-consumed vegetation 

growing season (days) 

yieldMeat 3070 Farmland production rate of meat for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldMilk 6710 Farmland production rate of milk for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldVeg 55800 Farmland production rate of vegetation for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yVeg 2 Yield density of human-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 

yVegPasture 0.75 Yield density of animal-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 
C-3 

Case 2 

Receptors (Return to Table of Contents)

Name 

x 

(m) 

y 

(m) 

z 

(m) 

Age 

Group 

Indoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Outdoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Indoor 

Shielding 

Fraction

Consider 

Vegetation 

Pathway?

Vegetation 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Consider 

Meat 

Pathway? 

Meat 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Consider 

Milk 

Pathway?

Milk 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) No.

Rn-222 

Indoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

Calc. Rn222 

Outdoor 

Equil. 

Fraction?

Rn-222 

Outdoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

North Fence Line 0 900 10 Adult 0.00E+00 2.30E-01 8.25E-01 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 1 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01East Fence Line 1730 0 2 Adult 0.00E+00 2.30E-01 8.25E-01 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 2 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01South Fence Line 0 -1680 -7 Adult 0.00E+00 2.30E-01 8.25E-01 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 3 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01West Fence Line -1240 0 3 Adult 0.00E+00 2.30E-01 8.25E-01 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 4 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01Nearest Resident 2105 1810 14 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 5 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01
Case 2 

C-4 

Sources

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name Source Type 

Particle 

Distribution 

Set x (m) y (m) z (m) 

Dispersion 

Coefficents No.

Dryer stack Drying/Packaging 

Source 

1 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.50E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 1 

New Well Field New Well Field 

Source 

1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 Pasquill-Gifford 2 

Production Well 

Field 

Production Well 

Field Source 

1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 Pasquill-Gifford 3 

Restoration 

Well Field 

Restoration Well 

Field Source 

1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 Pasquill-Gifford 4 

Land 

Application 

Area 

Land Application 

Area Source 

1 -7.23E+02 -2.75E+02 0.00E+00 Pasquill-Gifford 5 

Source Release Terms Before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y] 

Source Rn-222 U-238 Th-230 Ra-226 Pb-210 Rn-220 Th-232 Ra-228 Th-228

Dryer stack 0.00E+00 5.31E-02 2.66E-04 2.66E-04 2.66E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

New Well 

Field 

2.71E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.22E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Production 

Well Field 

1.14E+03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.49E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Restoration 

Well Field 

1.14E+03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.41E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Land 

Application 

Area 

0.00E+00 3.30E-05 1.38E-07 8.26E-07 8.26E-07 0.00E+00 2.75E-09 1.38E-07 1.38E-07

Source Type Specific Parameters

Dry Pack Sources 

Name 

Inside 

Stack 

Diameter 

(m) 

Effluent 

Exit 

Velocity 

(m/s) 

Yellowcake 

Production 

Rate (kg/d) 

Fraction 

Released 

to Stack 

Th 

Fraction 

Ra 

Fraction 

Others 

Fraction

Momentum 

based rise?

He

Rele

Dryer 

stack 

1.1 2.5 520 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 True 0

New Well Sources 

Name 

Rn-222 

Emanation 

Fraction 

Ra-226 

Concentration in 

Ore (pCi/g) 

Storage 

Time in 

Pit (days)

Ore 

Material 

into Pit 

(g/yr) 

Number of 

Mud Pits 

(1/yr) 

Rn-220 

Emanation 

Fraction 

Ra-224 

Concentratio

Ore (pCi/g

New Well 

Field 

0.25 300 10 4750000 42 0.15 10 
C-5 

Case 2 

Production Well Sources 

Name 

Ra-226 

Concentration 

in Ore (pCi/g) 

Rn-222 

Emanation 

Fraction 

Ore 

Thick 

Ore 

Density

Active 

Area 

Circular

Volume

Rn 

Fraction

Rn 

Vent 

Water 

Rate 

Column 

Volume

COL_

RATE

RESIN_

POROSITY

Ra-224 

Concentration 

in Ore (pCi/g)

Rn-220 

Emanation 

Fraction 

Production 

Well Field 

300 0.25 7 1.8 270000 1850000 0.8 0.001 18500 13200 2 0.4 10 0.15 

Restoration Well Sources 

Name 

Ra-226 

Concentration 

in Ore (pCi/g) 

Rn-222 

Emanation 

Fraction 

Ore 

Thick

Ore 

Density

Restore 

Area 

Circular

Volume

Rn 

Fraction

Rn 

Vent 

Water 

Rate 

Operating 

Days 

Ra-224 

Concentration in Ore 

(pCi/g) 

Rn-220 

Emanation 

Fraction 

Restoration Well Field 

300 0.25 7 2.65 270000 1850000 0.8 0.001 18500 365 10 0.15 

Land Application Sources 

Name 

Water 

Volume Area 

Soil 

Density

Contamination 

Depth 

Water 

Content 

Area 

Option Radius

Rectangle 

Length 

Rectangle 

Width 

Rect 

Rotate 

Land Application Area 

6752500 250000 1.6 0.15 0.25 RECT 100 500 500 0 

Release Adjustments Over Time 

Source Particle Adjustment Radon Adjustment

Time step 

Time 

1 

Time 

2 

Time 

3 

Time 

4 

Time 

5 

Time 

6 

Time 

7 

Time 

8 

Time 

9 

Time 

10 

Time 

11 

Time 

1 

Time 

2 

Time 

3 

Time 

4 

Time 

5 

Time 

6 

Time

7 

Time 

8 

Time 

9 

Time 

10 

Time 

11 

Duration (years) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Dryer stack 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0New Well Field 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1 1 1 0.5 00000Production Well Field 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0Restoration Well Field 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1Land Application Area 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1
Case 2 

C-6 

Vegetable Ingestion Parameters

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Vegetation 

Type 

Infant 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Child 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Teenager 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Adult 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Population 

Vegetable 

Fraction 

Above Ground 0.00E+00 3.60E-01 3.80E-01 3.80E-01 7.80E-01 

Potatoes 0.00E+00 5.70E-01 5.50E-01 5.70E-01 2.00E-01 

Below Ground 0.00E+00 7.00E-02 7.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 

Met JFD

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction Stability Class 0.67 m/s 2.46 m/s 4.47 m/s 6.93 m/s 9.61 m/s 12.5 m/s 

N A 0.00019 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE A 0.00035 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE A 0.00036 0.00012 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE A 0.00016 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E A 0.00030 0.00007 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE A 0.00155 0.00025 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE A 0.00121 0.00027 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE A 0.00083 0.00022 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S A 0.00159 0.00032 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW A 0.00035 0.00013 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW A 0.00194 0.00035 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW A 0.00078 0.00020 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W A 0.00066 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW A 0.00082 0.00010 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW A 0.00070 0.00017 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW A 0.00040 0.00003 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N B 0.00355 0.00088 0.00035 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE B 0.00430 0.00123 0.00047 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE B 0.00411 0.00185 0.00066 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE B 0.00136 0.00054 0.00032 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E B 0.00140 0.00054 0.00022 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE B 0.00090 0.00056 0.00093 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE B 0.00338 0.00249 0.00348 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE B 0.00208 0.00165 0.00249 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S B 0.00165 0.00067 0.00143 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW B 0.00204 0.00106 0.00089 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW B 0.00276 0.00084 0.00101 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW B 0.00365 0.00109 0.00136 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W B 0.00417 0.00128 0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 2 

C-7 

WNW B 0.00352 0.00056 0.00180 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW B 0.00225 0.00104 0.00089 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW B 0.00313 0.00094 0.00071 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N C 0.00065 0.00189 0.00197 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE C 0.00063 0.00180 0.00264 0.00040 0.00005 0.00000 

NE C 0.00058 0.00192 0.00251 0.00056 0.00005 0.00002 

ENE C 0.00021 0.00045 0.00050 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 

E C 0.00023 0.00029 0.00019 0.00013 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE C 0.00027 0.00056 0.00163 0.00042 0.00000 0.00000 

SE C 0.00085 0.00345 0.01353 0.00348 0.00022 0.00002 

SSE C 0.00049 0.00219 0.00889 0.00305 0.00045 0.00012 

S C 0.00040 0.00098 0.00300 0.00202 0.00064 0.00039 

SSW C 0.00033 0.00088 0.00209 0.00254 0.00088 0.00039 

SW C 0.00048 0.00099 0.00296 0.00261 0.00084 0.00020 

WSW C 0.00095 0.00244 0.00284 0.00190 0.00064 0.00013 

W C 0.00171 0.00572 0.00545 0.00163 0.00007 0.00005 

WNW C 0.00127 0.00288 0.00623 0.00153 0.00045 0.00000 

NW C 0.00073 0.00150 0.00498 0.00200 0.00032 0.00008 

NNW C 0.00057 0.00197 0.00274 0.00067 0.00002 0.00002 

N D 0.00094 0.00178 0.00266 0.00412 0.00077 0.00003 

NNE D 0.00071 0.00145 0.00261 0.00534 0.00061 0.00019 

NE D 0.00071 0.00153 0.00379 0.00481 0.00044 0.00002 

ENE D 0.00073 0.00093 0.00077 0.00029 0.00000 0.00000 

E D 0.00057 0.00076 0.00047 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE D 0.00073 0.00118 0.00103 0.00120 0.00008 0.00000 

SE D 0.00223 0.00441 0.01294 0.01432 0.00059 0.00002 

SSE D 0.00208 0.00397 0.00894 0.01158 0.00148 0.00039 

S D 0.00074 0.00133 0.00298 0.00668 0.00288 0.00118 

SSW D 0.00053 0.00084 0.00221 0.00944 0.00353 0.00150 

SW D 0.00075 0.00143 0.00330 0.01227 0.00569 0.00173 

WSW D 0.00136 0.00274 0.00311 0.01032 0.00328 0.00101 

W D 0.00233 0.00522 0.00761 0.00963 0.00170 0.00035 

WNW D 0.00144 0.00325 0.00850 0.02129 0.00630 0.00098 

NW D 0.00120 0.00274 0.00901 0.02629 0.00677 0.00081 

NNW D 0.00105 0.00217 0.00454 0.00768 0.00104 0.00013 

N E 0.00000 0.00108 0.00421 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE E 0.00000 0.00098 0.00261 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE E 0.00000 0.00044 0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE E 0.00000 0.00040 0.00024 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E E 0.00000 0.00015 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE E 0.00000 0.00015 0.00042 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 2 

C-8 

SE E 0.00000 0.00091 0.00468 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE E 0.00000 0.00089 0.00643 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S E 0.00000 0.00103 0.00323 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW E 0.00000 0.00086 0.00350 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW E 0.00000 0.00108 0.00446 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW E 0.00000 0.00374 0.01273 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W E 0.00000 0.00520 0.05597 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW E 0.00000 0.00224 0.01847 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW E 0.00000 0.00185 0.01606 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW E 0.00000 0.00153 0.00874 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N F 0.00392 0.00458 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE F 0.00360 0.00300 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE F 0.00241 0.00202 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE F 0.00111 0.00099 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E F 0.00036 0.00029 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE F 0.00045 0.00025 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE F 0.00184 0.00232 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE F 0.00291 0.00387 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S F 0.00345 0.00352 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW F 0.00472 0.00372 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW F 0.01120 0.01106 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW F 0.03006 0.04124 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W F 0.03300 0.05573 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW F 0.01247 0.01655 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW F 0.00809 0.00949 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW F 0.00643 0.00685 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 2 

C-9 

Dose Coefficients

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Radon Dose Coefficients

[mrem/(pCi/m3)] 

Nuclide Effective Bone Kidney Liver Lung

Th-232 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-220 12400 0 0 0 12400

Po-216 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-212 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-212 0 0 0 0 0 

U-238 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-230 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-226 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-222 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 

Po-218 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Po-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-210 0 0 0 0 0 

1% of Rn-222 DCF is from Rn-222 without 

daughters[(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

 
Case 2 

C-10 

External Dose Coefficients

Air Submersion: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

Ground Surface: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m2)] 

Nuclide Air_Submersion Ground_Surface NucIndx

Rn-220 2.16E-06 4.45E-08 0 

Po-216 9.68E-08 1.93E-09 1 

Pb-212 8.02E-04 1.67E-05 2 

Bi-212 8.52E-03 1.46E-04 3 

Th-232 1.02E-06 6.43E-08 4 

Ra-228 5.58E-03 1.08E-04 5 

Th-228 6.57E-05 1.39E-06 6 

Rn-222 2.23E-06 4.61E-08 7 

Po-218 5.23E-08 1.04E-09 8 

Pb-214 1.38E-03 2.85E-05 9 

Bi-214 8.93E-03 1.65E-04 10 

Pb-210 6.59E-06 4.13E-07 11 

Bi-210 3.84E-06 0.00E+00 12 

Po-210 4.86E-08 0.00E+00 13 

U-238 1.61E-04 3.61E-06 14 

Th-230 2.03E-06 8.76E-08 15 

Ra-226 3.68E-05 7.52E-07 16 
APPENDIX D: 

CASE 3a USER FILE INPUT SUMMARY 

Case 3a 

D-1 

MILDOS-AREA STANDARD RESULTS REPORT 

Case Title: Case 3a 

Version: MILDOS-AREA 4.0 

File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case3a.mla 

Date: 12/09/2015 10:36:07 

Table of Contents 

 Input Listing

o Parameters 

o Receptors 

o Sources 

o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters 

o Population Ingestion Parameters 

o 80km Population 

o 80km Vegetation 

o 80km Meat 

o 80km Milk 

o Meteorological Joint Freq Data 

o Dose Coefficients 

Parameters 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name Value Description 

ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) 

amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) 

anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) 

caseFile place holder not used 

caseInfo 

Sample file to 

check downwind 

dispersion, 

momentum driven 

plume 

Additional user-specified information for the case under study 

caseTitle Case 3a User-defined title for case under study 

cowIngestRate 50 Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and milk cows) 

(kg/day) 

cutoffHeight 50 Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion coefficients (m) 

decayPlants 14 Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from vegetation due 

to weathering processes (days) 

fracEdibleLeafAnimal 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of animal-consumed 

vegetation (unitless) 

fracEdibleLeafHuman 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-consumed 

leafy vegetables (unitless) 

fracEdibleRoot 0.1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-consumed 

root vegetables (unitless) 

fracHayInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual consumption 

(unitless) 

fracHayPop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for consumption by the general 

population (unitless) 

fracMeatPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in meat remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 

fracMilkPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in milk remaining after food preparation (unitless) 

fracPastureInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for individual consumption 

(unitless) 
Case 3a 

D-2 

fracPasturePop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for consumption by the 

general population (unitless) 

fracRetain 0.2 Fraction of air-deposited radionuclides retained on vegetation (unitless) 

fracVegPrep 0.5 Fraction of radioactivity in vegetables remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 

gridSize 5 Size of grid blocks to use when calculating air concentrations (m) 

isPopExposure True Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) 

isPopIngest TRUE Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) 

jfdNotes 

Each direction 

targets only one 

receptor with one 

stability class - 

wind speed 

combination 

Stores user notes as needed 

mapProj Local Coordinates 

Contains the current map projection being used for the map display; 

consists of a list of the UTM zone, the datum (WGS84 or NAD83), and 

the EPSG code for the projection (EPSG stands for what used to be the 

European Petroleum Survey Group) 

mapState String with serialized map state 

maxDistCalcArea 1000 

Maximum distance between an area source and receptor where the area 

source model will be used; the source will be treated as a point source 

beyond the specified distance (m) 

meatProd 0 Farmland meat productivity (kg/yr) 

metFreq 0 Frequency of time wind is blowing in a specific direction, under a specific 

stability category, at a given wind speed (unitless) 

milkProd 0 Farmland milk productivity (kg/yr) 

nPeople 0 Number of people in sector segment (persons) 

partFrac 0 Fraction of particle size distribution for a given average particle size 

(unitless) 

pmMix 1000 Annual afternoon mixing height (m) 

rain 1.1 Rainfall rate (m/yr) 

relRate 0 Nuclide release rate (Ci/yr) 

resuspDepVel 1e-5 Deposition velocity for particulates associated with the intial and final 

resuspension factors specified (m/s) 

resuspFacFinal 1.00E-09 Final resuspension factor for determining resuspended air concentrations 

(1/m) 

resuspFacInitial 1.00E-05 Initial resuspension factor for determining resuspended air concentrations 

(1/m) 

resuspHalfLife 0.137 Resuspension factor decay half-life (yr) 

soilArealDen 240 Areal surface density / effective surface soil density (kg/m^2) 

soilConc 0 Nuclide soil concentration for area sources (pCi/g) 

soilHalfLife 50 Environmental soil loss half-life (yr) 

vegProd 0 Farmland vegetable productivity (kg/yr) 

vGrow 60 Exposure time to radionuclides during the human-consumed vegetable 

growing season(days) 

vGrowPasture 30 Exposure time to radionuclides during the animal-consumed vegetation 

growing season (days) 

yieldMeat 3070 Farmland production rate of meat for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldMilk 6710 Farmland production rate of milk for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldVeg 55800 Farmland production rate of vegetation for population ingestion 

calculations (kg/km^2-yr) 

yVeg 2 Yield density of human-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 

yVegPasture 0.75 Yield density of animal-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 
D-3 

Case 3a 

Receptors(Return to Table of Contents)

Name 

x 

(m) 

y 

(m) 

z 

(m) 

Age 

Group 

Indoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Outdoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Indoor 

Shielding 

Fraction

Consider 

Vegetation 

Pathway?

Vegetation 

Ingestion 

Rate (kg/yr)

Consider 

Meat 

Pathway? 

Meat 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Consider 

Milk 

Pathway?

Milk 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) No.

Rn-222 

Indoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

Calc. Rn222 

Outdoor 

Equil. 

Fraction?

Rn-222 

Outdoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

N Receptor 

0 1000 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 1 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

NNE Receptor 

383 924 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 2 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

NE Receptor 

707 707 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 3 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

ENE Receptor 

924 383 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 4 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

E Receptor 

1000 0 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 5 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

ESE Receptor 

924 -383 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 6 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

SE Receptor 

707 -707 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 7 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

SSE Receptor 

383 -924 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 8 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

S Receptor 

0 -1000 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 9 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

SSW Receptor 

-383 -924 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 10 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

SW Receptor 

-707 -707 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 11 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

WSW Receptor 

-924 -383 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 12 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

W Receptor 

-1000 0 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 13 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

WNW Receptor 

-924 383 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 14 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

NW Receptor to NW 

-707 707 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 15 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

NNW Receptor 

-383 924 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 16 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

Far SSW Receptor 

-651 -1571 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 17 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01
Case 3a 

D-4 

Sources

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name Source Type 

Particle 

Distribution Set x (m) y (m) z (m) 

Dispersion 

Coefficents No.

Point Source 1 Point Source 3 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.50E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 1 

Source Release Terms Before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y] 

Source Rn-222 U-238 Th-230 Ra-226 Pb-210 Rn-220 Th-232 Ra-228 Th-228 

Point Source 1 4.20E+01 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 1.50E+00 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 

Source Type Specific Parameters

Point Sources 

Name 

Inside Stack 

Diameter (m) 

Effluent Exit 

Velocity (m/s) 

Rn-220 Release 

Rate 

Rn-222 Release 

Rate 

Momentum 

based rise? 

Heat 

Release

Point Source 1 1.5 11 1.5 42 True 0 

Release Adjustments Over Time 

Source Particle Adjustment Radon Adjustment 

Time step Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 

Duration (years) 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 

Point Source 1 0.8 1 1 0.9 0.8 1 1 0.9 

Vegetable Ingestion Parameters

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Vegetation 

Type 

Infant Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Child Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Teenager 

Vegetable 

Ingestion Fraction

Adult Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Population 

Vegetable 

Fraction 

Above Ground 0.00E+00 3.60E-01 3.80E-01 3.80E-01 7.80E-01 

Potatoes 0.00E+00 5.70E-01 5.50E-01 5.70E-01 2.00E-01 

Below Ground 0.00E+00 7.00E-02 7.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 

Population Ingestion Parameters

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Age Group 

Fraction of 

Population 

Vegetation Ingestion Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Meat Ingestion Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Milk Ingestion Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Infant 1.79E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.08E+02 

Child 1.65E-01 2.38E+02 4.87E+01 2.35E+02 

Teenager 1.96E-01 3.07E+02 7.80E+01 2.91E+02 

Adult 6.22E-01 2.86E+02 1.28E+02 1.76E+02 

 
Case 3a 

D-5 

80km Population

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction 

1-2 

km 

2-3 

km 

3-4 

km 

4-5 

km 

5-10 

km 

10-20 

km 

20-30 

km 

30-40 

km 

40-50 

km 

50-60 

km 

60-70 

km 

70-80 

km 

N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

NNE 0 286 1603 1288 221 4073 6789 9505 12220 14591 15101 15552 

NE 0 1288 1402 258 779 4073 6789 9505 12220 13210 12551 14482 

ENE 0 1431 1202 1545 221 883 1472 3921 8870 14092 15611 16542 

E 0 1431 2003 258 221 883 1472 2060 2649 3238 5900 8403 

ESE 572 1431 2003 773 221 883 1472 2060 2649 3238 3826 4415 

SE 572 143 21 26 221 883 1472 2060 2707 3677 4761 6404 

SSE 916 215 21 26 221 883 1472 2060 3296 4995 5904 6812 

S 286 143 200 26 221 883 1472 2060 2721 4995 5904 6812 

SSW 12 15 21 26 221 883 2068 3870 3656 4995 5904 6812 

SW 12 15 21 26 221 1360 3460 4844 6143 6304 6368 6812 

WSW 12 15 21 26 370 2076 3460 4844 4789 4665 4838 5162 

W 114 15 21 26 519 2076 3460 4844 2809 3214 3798 4382 

WNW 114 15 21 26 519 2009 2904 3677 4427 4092 3798 4382 

NW 229 15 21 44 519 1476 2348 3287 4226 5166 5841 6384 

NNW 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 

80km Vegetation (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction 

1-2 

km 

2-3

km 

3-4 

km 

4-5

km 

5-10 

km 

10-20 

km 

20-30 

km 

30-40 

km 

40-50 

km 

50-60 

km 

60-70 

km 

70-80 

km 

N 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.90E+

05 

1.10E+

06 

1.70E+

06 

2.50E+

06 

4.20E+

04 

1.20E+

05 

NNE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

6.90E+

02 

4.50E+

05 

8.70E+

05 

1.40E+

06 

2.30E+

06 

3.50E+

05 

3.90E+

05 

NE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.30E+

07 

4.80E+

05 

7.90E+

05 

1.20E+

06 

1.20E+

06 

0.00E+

00 

8.30E+

04 

ENE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

4.40E+

04 

4.70E+

05 

7.90E+

05 

1.00E+

06 

8.80E+

05 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

E 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

05 

4.50E+

04 

2.70E+

05 

4.40E+

05 

3.90E+

05 

0.00E+

00 

9.10E+

01 

ESE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.20E+

05 

2.80E+

05 

1.10E+

03 

2.30E+

02 

1.30E+

03 

1.20E+

02 

7.00E+

02 

SE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.20E+

05 

5.30E+

05 

2.80E+

06 

6.60E+

06 

2.20E+

06 

2.20E+

02 

3.30E+

02 

SSE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

05 

5.80E+

05 

2.80E+

06 

1.20E+

07 

1.40E+

07 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

S 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

9.00E+

04 

5.80E+

05 

9.70E+

05 

5.10E+

06 

4.80E+

06 

3.20E+

05 

1.10E+

05 

SSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

4.90E+

04 

5.80E+

05 

9.70E+

05 

1.00E+

06 

7.40E+

05 

5.90E+

05 

6.40E+

05 
Case 3a 

D-6 

SW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.90E+

03 

5.30E+

05 

8.90E+

05 

1.00E+

06 

7.50E+

05 

1.70E+

05 

2.90E+

01 

WSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.50E+

05 

4.90E+

05 

8.50E+

05 

1.10E+

06 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

W 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.60E+

05 

3.40E+

05 

1.60E+

05 

7.00E+

05 

1.60E+

02 

1.20E+

02 

WNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.40E+

05 

4.00E+

05 

1.80E+

05 

5.60E+

04 

5.00E+

02 

6.30E+

02 

NW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

4.30E+

06 

3.10E+

05 

3.70E+

05 

3.10E+

05 

7.10E+

01 

4.00E+

02 

NNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.60E+

06 

2.00E+

06 

1.10E+

06 

1.00E+

06 

1.20E+

02 

0.00E+

00 

80km Meat (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction 

1-2 

km 

2-3

km 

3-4 

km 

4-5

km 

5-10 

km 

10-20 

km 

20-30 

km 

30-40 

km 

40-50 

km 

50-60 

km 

60-70 

km 

70-80 

km 

N 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.80E+

06 

3.10E+

06 

4.10E+

06 

6.30E+

06 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

NNE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.10E+

03 

2.10E+

06 

3.40E+

06 

4.30E+

06 

6.70E+

06 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

NE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

9.70E+

07 

2.20E+

06 

3.60E+

06 

4.80E+

06 

5.80E+

06 

6.50E+

05 

7.60E+

05 

ENE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

05 

2.10E+

06 

3.60E+

06 

5.30E+

06 

8.00E+

06 

7.90E+

06 

8.10E+

06 

E 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.80E+

05 

2.30E+

05 

1.30E+

06 

3.40E+

06 

4.40E+

06 

3.80E+

06 

2.90E+

06 

ESE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.90E+

05 

5.00E+

05 

1.10E+

05 

5.40E+

04 

3.20E+

05 

2.00E+

06 

4.40E+

06 

SE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.00E+

05 

8.80E+

05 

8.20E+

05 

4.00E+

05 

1.40E+

05 

1.80E+

06 

3.50E+

06 

SSE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.90E+

05 

9.60E+

05 

1.30E+

06 

7.30E+

05 

1.20E+

06 

4.70E+

04 

1.20E+

06 

S 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.50E+

05 

9.60E+

05 

1.60E+

06 

1.70E+

06 

2.40E+

06 

1.10E+

06 

7.90E+

05 

SSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

8.10E+

04 

9.60E+

05 

1.60E+

06 

2.50E+

06 

3.80E+

06 

2.00E+

06 

3.30E+

06 

SW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

6.30E+

03 

1.20E+

06 

2.60E+

06 

4.20E+

06 

5.10E+

06 

1.90E+

06 

7.40E+

06 

WSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.40E+

06 

6.30E+

06 

7.80E+

06 

9.90E+

06 

3.90E+

05 

9.70E+

06 

W 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.60E+

06 

6.30E+

06 

7.90E+

06 

1.00E+

07 

1.70E+

06 

1.80E+

06 

WNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.30E+

06 

6.60E+

06 

8.40E+

06 

5.30E+

06 

4.60E+

06 

5.60E+

06 

NW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

6.40E+

07 

6.80E+

06 

8.80E+

06 

9.20E+

06 

4.20E+

06 

5.70E+

06 

NNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.80E+

07 

3.00E+

07 

6.70E+

06 

7.80E+

06 

2.60E+

06 

1.60E+

06 
Case 3a 

D-7 

80km Milk (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction 

1-2 

km 

2-3 

km 

3-4 

km 

4-5

km 

5-10

km 

10-20 

km 

20-30 

km 

30-40 

km 

40-50 

km 

50-60 

km 

60-70 

km 

70-80 

km 

N 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

0.00E+

00 

9.10E+

01 

NNE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

1.20E+

02 

7.00E+

02 

NE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.40E+

05 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

03 

2.20E+

02 

3.30E+

02 

ENE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

3.70E+

02 

3.30E+

01 

0.00E+

00 

1.60E+

03 

8.80E+

03 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

E 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.30E+

03 

1.30E+

02 

0.00E+

00 

2.80E+

03 

4.10E+

03 

3.20E+

05 

1.10E+

05 

ESE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.40E+

03 

3.40E+

03 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

5.90E+

05 

6.40E+

05 

SE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.40E+

03 

6.30E+

03 

4.70E+

03 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.70E+

05 

2.90E+

01 

SSE 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.30E+

03 

6.90E+

03 

8.70E+

03 

8.60E+

00 

2.40E+

03 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

S 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.10E+

03 

6.90E+

03 

1.20E+

04 

1.10E+

04 

4.80E+

04 

1.60E+

02 

1.20E+

02 

SSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

5.90E+

02 

6.90E+

03 

1.20E+

04 

3.10E+

05 

9.60E+

05 

5.00E+

02 

6.30E+

02 

SW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

4.60E+

01 

6.00E+

03 

3.10E+

04 

2.50E+

05 

7.70E+

05 

7.10E+

01 

4.00E+

02 

WSW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

7.60E+

00 

3.20E+

04 

1.60E+

05 

2.10E+

05 

1.20E+

02 

0.00E+

00 

W 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

2.30E+

04 

1.30E+

05 

2.00E+

06 

3.30E+

06 

WNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

1.90E+

06 

7.40E+

06 

NW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

3.90E+

05 

9.70E+

06 

NNW 0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

0.00E+

00 

1.00E+

05 

1.70E+

06 

1.80E+

06 

 
Case 3a 

D-8 

Met JFD

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction Stability Class 0.67 m/s 2.46 m/s 4.47 m/s 6.93 m/s 9.61 m/s 12.5 m/s 

N A 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE A 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE B 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 3a 

D-9 

SE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 

SSE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 

S C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 

SW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 

WSW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW E 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W E 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 

NW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 3a 

D-10 

NNW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW F 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW F 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

 
Case 3a 

D-11 

Dose Coefficients 

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Radon Dose Coefficients

[mrem/(pCi/m3)] 

Nuclide Effective Bone Kidney Liver Lung

Th-232 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-220 12400 0 0 0 12400

Po-216 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-212 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-212 0 0 0 0 0 

U-238 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-230 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-226 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-222 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 

Po-218 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Po-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-210 0 0 0 0 0 

1% of Rn-222 DCF is from Rn-222 without 

daughters[(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

 
Case 3a 

D-12 

External Dose Coefficients

Air Submersion: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

Ground Surface: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m2)] 

Nuclide Air_Submersion Ground_Surface NucIndx

Rn-220 2.16E-06 4.45E-08 0 

Po-216 9.68E-08 1.93E-09 1 

Pb-212 8.02E-04 1.67E-05 2 

Bi-212 8.52E-03 1.46E-04 3 

Th-232 1.02E-06 6.43E-08 4 

Ra-228 5.58E-03 1.08E-04 5 

Th-228 6.57E-05 1.39E-06 6 

Rn-222 2.23E-06 4.61E-08 7 

Po-218 5.23E-08 1.04E-09 8 

Pb-214 1.38E-03 2.85E-05 9 

Bi-214 8.93E-03 1.65E-04 10 

Pb-210 6.59E-06 4.13E-07 11 

Bi-210 3.84E-06 0.00E+00 12 

Po-210 4.86E-08 0.00E+00 13 

U-238 1.61E-04 3.61E-06 14 

Th-230 2.03E-06 8.76E-08 15 

Ra-226 3.68E-05 7.52E-07 16 
APPENDIX E: 

CASE 3b USER FILE INPUT SUMMARY 

Case 3b 

E-1 

MILDOS-AREA STANDARD RESULTS REPORT 

Case Title: Case 3b 

Version: MILDOS-AREA 4.0 

File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case3b.mla 

Date: 12/09/2015 10:39:55 

Table of Contents 

 Input Listing 

o Parameters 

o Receptors 

o Sources 

o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters 

o Meteorological Joint Freq Data 

o Dose Coefficients 

Parameters

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name Value Description 

ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) 

amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) 

anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) 

caseFile place holder not used 

caseInfo Sample file to check 

downwind 

dispersion, 

momentum driven 

plume All receptors 

from Case 3a except 

Far SSW Receptor 

now combined in 

one and put to the 

north and JFD 

modified 

appropriately to get 

same 'individual' 

receptor results 

Additional user-specified information for the case under study 

caseTitle Case 3b User-defined title for case under study 

cowIngestRate 50 Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and milk cows) 

(kg/day) 

cutoffHeight 50 Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion coefficients (m) 

decayPlants 14 Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from vegetation 

due to weathering processes (days) 

fracEdibleLeafAnimal 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of animalconsumed vegetation (unitless) 

fracEdibleLeafHuman 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of humanconsumed leafy vegetables (unitless) 

fracEdibleRoot 0.1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of humanconsumed root vegetables (unitless) 

fracHayInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual consumption 

(unitless) 

fracHayPop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for consumption by the 

general population (unitless) 

fracMeatPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in meat remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 
Case 3b 

E-2 

fracMilkPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in milk remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 

fracPastureInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for individual consumption 

(unitless) 

fracPasturePop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for consumption by the 

general population (unitless) 

fracRetain 0.2 Fraction of air-deposited radionuclides retained on vegetation (unitless)

fracVegPrep 0.5 Fraction of radioactivity in vegetables remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 

gridSize 5 Size of grid blocks to use when calculating air concentrations (m) 

isPopExposure False Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0)

isPopIngest TRUE Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0)

jfdNotes All wind blowing 

from S to N 

Stores user notes as needed 

mapProj Local Coordinates Contains the current map projection being used for the map display; 

consists of a list of the UTM zone, the datum (WGS84 or NAD83), and 

the EPSG code for the projection (EPSG stands for what used to be 

the European Petroleum Survey Group) 

mapState String with serialized map state 

maxDistCalcArea 1000 Maximum distance between an area source and receptor where the 

area source model will be used; the source will be treated as a point 

source beyond the specified distance (m) 

meatProd 0 Farmland meat productivity (kg/yr) 

metFreq 0 Frequency of time wind is blowing in a specific direction, under a 

specific stability category, at a given wind speed (unitless) 

milkProd 0 Farmland milk productivity (kg/yr) 

nPeople 0 Number of people in sector segment (persons) 

partFrac 0 Fraction of particle size distribution for a given average particle size 

(unitless) 

pmMix 1000 Annual afternoon mixing height (m) 

rain 1.1 Rainfall rate (m/yr) 

relRate 0 Nuclide release rate (Ci/yr) 

resuspDepVel 1e-5 Deposition velocity for particulates associated with the intial and final 

resuspension factors specified (m/s) 

resuspFacFinal 1.00E-09 Final resuspension factor for determining resuspended air 

concentrations (1/m) 

resuspFacInitial 1.00E-05 Initial resuspension factor for determining resuspended air 

concentrations (1/m) 

resuspHalfLife 0.137 Resuspension factor decay half-life (yr) 

soilArealDen 240 Areal surface density / effective surface soil density (kg/m^2) 

soilConc 0 Nuclide soil concentration for area sources (pCi/g) 

soilHalfLife 50 Environmental soil loss half-life (yr) 

vegProd 0 Farmland vegetable productivity (kg/yr) 

vGrow 60 Exposure time to radionuclides during the human-consumed vegetable 

growing season(days) 

vGrowPasture 30 Exposure time to radionuclides during the animal-consumed vegetation 

growing season (days) 

yieldMeat 3070 Farmland production rate of meat for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldMilk 6710 Farmland production rate of milk for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldVeg 55800 Farmland production rate of vegetation for population ingestion 

calculations (kg/km^2-yr) 

yVeg 2 Yield density of human-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 
Case 3b 

E-3 

yVegPasture 0.75 Yield density of animal-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 
Case 3b 

E-4 

Receptors(Return to Table of Contents)

Name 

x 

(m) 

y 

(m) 

z 

(m) 

Age 

Group 

Indoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Outdoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Indoor 

Shielding 

Fraction

Consider 

Vegetation 

Pathway?

Vegetation 

Ingestion 

Rate (kg/yr)

Consider 

Meat 

Pathway? 

Meat 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Consider 

Milk 

Pathway?

Milk 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) No.

Rn-222 

Indoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

Calc. Rn222 

Outdoor 

Equil. 

Fraction?

Rn-222 

Outdoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

N Receptor 

0 1000 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 1 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01
Case 3b 

E-5 

Sources

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name 

Source 

Type 

Particle 

Distribution Set x (m) y (m) z (m) 

Dispersion 

Coefficents No.

Point 

Source 1 

Point 

Source 

3 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.50E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 1 

Source Release Terms Before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y] 

Source Rn-222 U-238 Th-230 Ra-226 Pb-210 Rn-220 Th-232 Ra-228 Th-228

Point 

Source 1 

4.20E+01 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 1.50E+00 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 8.00E-04

Source Type Specific Parameters 

Point Sources 

Name 

Inside Stack 

Diameter (m)

Effluent Exit 

Velocity (m/s)

Rn-220 

Release 

Rate 

Rn-222 

Release 

Rate 

Momentum 

based rise? 

Heat 

Release 

Point 

Source 1 

1.5 11 1.5 42 True 0 

Release Adjustments Over Time 

Source Particle Adjustment Radon Adjustment 

Time step Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4

Duration (years) 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 

Point Source 1 0.8 1 1 0.9 0.8 1 1 0.9 

Vegetable Ingestion Parameters

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Vegetation 

Type 

Infant 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Child 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Teenager 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Adult 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Population 

Vegetable 

Fraction 

Above Ground 0.00E+00 3.60E-01 3.80E-01 3.80E-01 7.80E-01 

Potatoes 0.00E+00 5.70E-01 5.50E-01 5.70E-01 2.00E-01 

Below Ground 0.00E+00 7.00E-02 7.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 
Case 3b 

E-6 

Met JFD

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction Stability Class 0.67 m/s 2.46 m/s 4.47 m/s 6.93 m/s 9.61 m/s 12.5 m/s 

N A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S A 0.06250 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S B 0.00000 0.06250 0.06250 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 3b 

E-7 

SE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S C 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.06250 0.06250 

SSW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.06250 0.06250 

SSW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S E 0.00000 0.06250 0.06250 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 3b 

E-8 

NNW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S F 0.06250 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

 
Case 3b 

E-9 

Dose Coefficients

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Radon Dose Coefficients

[mrem/(pCi/m3)] 

Nuclide Effective Bone Kidney Liver Lung

Th-232 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-220 12400 0 0 0 12400

Po-216 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-212 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-212 0 0 0 0 0 

U-238 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-230 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-226 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-222 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 

Po-218 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Po-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-210 0 0 0 0 0 

1% of Rn-222 DCF is from Rn-222 without 

daughters[(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

 
Case 3b 

E-10 

External Dose Coefficients

Air Submersion: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

Ground Surface: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m2)] 

Nuclide Air_Submersion Ground_Surface NucIndx

Rn-220 2.16E-06 4.45E-08 0 

Po-216 9.68E-08 1.93E-09 1 

Pb-212 8.02E-04 1.67E-05 2 

Bi-212 8.52E-03 1.46E-04 3 

Th-232 1.02E-06 6.43E-08 4 

Ra-228 5.58E-03 1.08E-04 5 

Th-228 6.57E-05 1.39E-06 6 

Rn-222 2.23E-06 4.61E-08 7 

Po-218 5.23E-08 1.04E-09 8 

Pb-214 1.38E-03 2.85E-05 9 

Bi-214 8.93E-03 1.65E-04 10 

Pb-210 6.59E-06 4.13E-07 11 

Bi-210 3.84E-06 0.00E+00 12 

Po-210 4.86E-08 0.00E+00 13 

U-238 1.61E-04 3.61E-06 14 

Th-230 2.03E-06 8.76E-08 15 

Ra-226 3.68E-05 7.52E-07 16 
E-11 

APPENDIX F: 

CASE 3c USER FILE INPUT SUMMARY 

Case 3c 

F-1 

MILDOS-AREA STANDARD RESULTS REPORT 

Case Title: Case 3c 

Version: MILDOS-AREA 4.0 

File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case3c.mla 

Date: 12/09/2015 10:46:27 

Table of Contents 

 Input Listing 

o Parameters 

o Receptors 

o Sources 

o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters 

o Meteorological Joint Freq Data 

o Dose Coefficients 

Parameters

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name Value Description 

ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) 

amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) 

anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) 

caseFile place holder not used 

caseInfo 

Sample file to check 

downwind dispersion 

Same as Case 3a 

except buoyancyinduced plume rise 

Additional user-specified information for the case under study 

caseTitle Case 3c User-defined title for case under study 

cowIngestRate 50 Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and milk cows) 

(kg/day) 

cutoffHeight 50 Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion coefficients (m) 

decayPlants 14 Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from vegetation 

due to weathering processes (days) 

fracEdibleLeafAnimal 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of animalconsumed vegetation (unitless) 

fracEdibleLeafHuman 1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of humanconsumed leafy vegetables (unitless) 

fracEdibleRoot 0.1 Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of humanconsumed root vegetables (unitless) 

fracHayInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual consumption 

(unitless) 

fracHayPop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for consumption by the 

general population (unitless) 

fracMeatPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in meat remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 

fracMilkPrep 1 Fraction of radioactivity in milk remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 

fracPastureInd 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for individual consumption 

(unitless) 

fracPasturePop 0.5 Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for consumption by the 

general population (unitless) 

fracRetain 0.2 Fraction of air-deposited radionuclides retained on vegetation (unitless)

fracVegPrep 0.5 Fraction of radioactivity in vegetables remaining after food preparation 

(unitless) 
Case 3c 

F-2 

gridSize 5 Size of grid blocks to use when calculating air concentrations (m) 

isPopExposure False Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) 

isPopIngest TRUE Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) 

jfdNotes 

Each direction targets 

only one receptor 

with one stability 

class - wind speed 

combination 

Stores user notes as needed 

mapProj Local Coordinates 

Contains the current map projection being used for the map display; 

consists of a list of the UTM zone, the datum (WGS84 or NAD83), and 

the EPSG code for the projection (EPSG stands for what used to be the 

European Petroleum Survey Group) 

mapState String with serialized map state 

maxDistCalcArea 1000 

Maximum distance between an area source and receptor where the 

area source model will be used; the source will be treated as a point 

source beyond the specified distance (m) 

meatProd 0 Farmland meat productivity (kg/yr) 

metFreq 0 Frequency of time wind is blowing in a specific direction, under a 

specific stability category, at a given wind speed (unitless) 

milkProd 0 Farmland milk productivity (kg/yr) 

nPeople 0 Number of people in sector segment (persons) 

partFrac 0 Fraction of particle size distribution for a given average particle size 

(unitless) 

pmMix 1000 Annual afternoon mixing height (m) 

rain 1.1 Rainfall rate (m/yr) 

relRate 0 Nuclide release rate (Ci/yr) 

resuspDepVel 1e-5 Deposition velocity for particulates associated with the intial and final 

resuspension factors specified (m/s) 

resuspFacFinal 1.00E-09 Final resuspension factor for determining resuspended air 

concentrations (1/m) 

resuspFacInitial 1.00E-05 Initial resuspension factor for determining resuspended air 

concentrations (1/m) 

resuspHalfLife 0.137 Resuspension factor decay half-life (yr) 

soilArealDen 240 Areal surface density / effective surface soil density (kg/m^2) 

soilConc 0 Nuclide soil concentration for area sources (pCi/g) 

soilHalfLife 50 Environmental soil loss half-life (yr) 

vegProd 0 Farmland vegetable productivity (kg/yr) 

vGrow 60 Exposure time to radionuclides during the human-consumed vegetable 

growing season(days) 

vGrowPasture 30 Exposure time to radionuclides during the animal-consumed vegetation 

growing season (days) 

yieldMeat 3070 Farmland production rate of meat for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldMilk 6710 Farmland production rate of milk for population ingestion calculations 

(kg/km^2-yr) 

yieldVeg 55800 Farmland production rate of vegetation for population ingestion 

calculations (kg/km^2-yr) 

yVeg 2 Yield density of human-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 

yVegPasture 0.75 Yield density of animal-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) 
F-3 

Case 3c 

Receptors(Return to Table of Contents)

Name 

x 

(m) 

y 

(m) 

z 

(m) 

Age 

Grou

p 

Indoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Outdoor 

Occupancy 

Factor 

Indoor 

Shielding 

Fraction

Consider 

Vegetation 

Pathway?

Vegetation 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Consider 

Meat 

Pathway?

Meat 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) 

Consider 

Milk 

Pathway?

Milk 

Ingestion 

Rate 

(kg/yr) No.

Rn-222 

Indoor Eq. 

Fraction 

Calc. Rn222 

Outdoor 

Equil. 

Fraction?

Rn-222 

Outdoor 

Eq. 

Fraction

N Receptor 0 1000 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 1 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01NNE Receptor 383 924 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 2 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01NE Receptor 707 707 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 3 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01ENE Receptor 924 383 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 4 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01E Receptor 1000 0 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 5 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01ESE Receptor 924 -383 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 6 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01SE Receptor 707 -707 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 7 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01SSE Receptor 383 -924 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 8 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01S Receptor 0 -1000 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 9 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01SSW Receptor -383 -924 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 10 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01SW Receptor -707 -707 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 11 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01WSW Receptor -924 -383 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 12 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01W Receptor -1000 0 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 13 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01WNW Receptor -924 383 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 14 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01NW Receptor to NW 

-707 707 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 15 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01

NNW Receptor -383 924 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 16 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01Far SSW Receptor -651 -1571 4 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 17 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01
Case 3c 

F-4 

Sources

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Name 

Source 

Type 

Particle 

Distribution Set x (m) y (m) z (m) 

Dispersion 

Coefficents No. 

Point 

Source 1 

Point 

Source 

3 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.50E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 1 

Source Release Terms Before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y]

Source Rn-222 U-238 Th-230 Ra-226 Pb-210 Rn-220 Th-232 Ra-228 Th-228 

Point Source 1 4.20E+01 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 1.50E+00 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 

Source Type Specific Parameters 

Point Sources 

Name 

Inside Stack 

Diameter (m) 

Effluent Exit 

Velocity (m/s)

Rn-220 

Release Rate

Rn-222 

Release 

Rate 

Momentum 

based rise? 

Heat 

Release 

Point Source 1 1.5 11 1.5 42 False 35000 

Release Adjustments Over Time 

Source Particle Adjustment Radon Adjustment 

Time step Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4

Duration (years) 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 

Point Source 1 0.8 1 1 0.9 0.8 1 1 0.9 

Vegetable Ingestion Parameters

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Vegetation 

Type 

Infant 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Child 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Teenager 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Adult 

Vegetable 

Ingestion 

Fraction 

Population 

Vegetable 

Fraction 

Above Ground 0.00E+00 3.60E-01 3.80E-01 3.80E-01 7.80E-01 

Potatoes 0.00E+00 5.70E-01 5.50E-01 5.70E-01 2.00E-01 

Below Ground 0.00E+00 7.00E-02 7.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 

 
Case 3c 

F-5 

Met JFD

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Direction Stability Class 0.67 m/s 2.46 m/s 4.47 m/s 6.93 m/s 9.61 m/s 12.5 m/s 

N A 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE A 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE B 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 3c 

F-6 

SE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 

SSE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 

S C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 

SW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 

WSW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW E 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W E 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 

NW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 
Case 3c 

F-7 

NNW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

N F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ENE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

E F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

ESE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

S F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SSW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

SW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WSW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

W F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

WNW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NW F 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

NNW F 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 

 
Case 3c 

F-8 

Dose Coefficients

(Return to Table of Contents) 

Radon Dose Coefficients

[mrem/(pCi/m3)] 

Nuclide Effective Bone Kidney Liver Lung

Th-232 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-228 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-220 12400 0 0 0 12400

Po-216 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-212 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-212 0 0 0 0 0 

U-238 0 0 0 0 0 

Th-230 0 0 0 0 0 

Ra-226 0 0 0 0 0 

Rn-222 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 

Po-218 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-214 0 0 0 0 0 

Pb-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Po-210 0 0 0 0 0 

Bi-210 0 0 0 0 0 

1% of Rn-222 DCF is from Rn-222 without 

daughters[(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

 
Case 3c 

F-9 

External Dose Coefficients 

Air Submersion: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m3)] 

Ground Surface: [(mrem/yr) / (pCi/m2)] 

Nuclide Air_Submersion Ground_Surface NucIndx

Rn-220 2.16E-06 4.45E-08 0 

Po-216 9.68E-08 1.93E-09 1 

Pb-212 8.02E-04 1.67E-05 2 

Bi-212 8.52E-03 1.46E-04 3 

Th-232 1.02E-06 6.43E-08 4 

Ra-228 5.58E-03 1.08E-04 5 

Th-228 6.57E-05 1.39E-06 6 

Rn-222 2.23E-06 4.61E-08 7 

Po-218 5.23E-08 1.04E-09 8 

Pb-214 1.38E-03 2.85E-05 9 

Bi-214 8.93E-03 1.65E-04 10 

Pb-210 6.59E-06 4.13E-07 11 

Bi-210 3.84E-06 0.00E+00 12 

Po-210 4.86E-08 0.00E+00 13 

U-238 1.61E-04 3.61E-06 14 

Th-230 2.03E-06 8.76E-08 15 

Ra-226 3.68E-05 7.52E-07 16 







NUREG/CR-7213 MILDOS-AREA Computational Verification Version 4