2014

State Noxious-Weed Seed 

Requirements Recognized in 

the Administration of the 

Federal Seed Act

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHANGES FOR 2014 .............................II

INTRODUCTION.....................................III

FSA REGULATIONS §201.16(B) 

NOXIOUS-WEED SEEDS.......................IV

ALABAMA................................................1

ALASKA...................................................3

ARIZONA.................................................4

ARKANSAS.............................................6

CALIFORNIA...........................................8

COLORADO............................................10

CONNECTICUT ......................................12

DELAWARE ............................................13

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ......................15

FLORIDA.................................................16

GEORGIA................................................18

HAWAII....................................................20

IDAHO.....................................................23

ILLINOIS..................................................25

INDIANA..................................................27

IOWA.......................................................28

KANSAS..................................................30

KENTUCKY.............................................32

LOUISIANA .............................................33

MAINE.....................................................35

MARYLAND.............................................36

MASSACHUSETTS.................................38

MICHIGAN...............................................39

MINNESOTA ...........................................41

MISSISSIPPI ...........................................42

MISSOURI .............................................. 44

MONTANA.............................................. 46

NEBRASKA ............................................ 48

NEVADA................................................. 50

NEW HAMPSHIRE ................................. 52

NEW JERSEY......................................... 53

NEW MEXICO ........................................ 55

NEW YORK ............................................ 56

NORTH CAROLINA................................ 57

NORTH DAKOTA ................................... 59

OHIO....................................................... 60

OKLAHOMA ........................................... 62

OREGON................................................ 64

PENNSYLVANIA .................................... 66

RHODE ISLAND..................................... 68

SOUTH CAROLINA................................ 69

SOUTH DAKOTA.................................... 71

TENNESSEE .......................................... 72

TEXAS.................................................... 74

UTAH...................................................... 76

VERMONT.............................................. 78

VIRGINIA................................................ 79

WASHINGTON....................................... 81

WEST VIRGINIA..................................... 83

WISCONSIN........................................... 85

WYOMING.............................................. 86

APPENDIX A .......................................... 88

APPENDIX B .......................................... 104

Note: These lists show the common names appearing in State seed laws. In labeling 

interstate shipments, seed dealers are cautioned to use the common name(s) appearing on 

the list for the State into which the seed is being shipped. 

Livestock, Poultry,

and Seed Program

Seed Regulatory 

and Testing Division
State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- ii -

Changes for 2014

Nebraska:

Added to the primary list:

Sericea Lespedeza (shown as Lespedeza, sericea), Lespedeza cuneata

Utah:

Removed from the prohibited list:

Duplicate entries of three species.

Appendix A:

Added the following:

Nebraska to Lespedeza, sericea (Lespedeza cuneata)

Appendix B

Added the following:

Nebraska to Lespedeza cuneata (Lespedeza, sericea)
State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- iii -

Introduction

This publication contains information about the various State labeling requirements and 

prohibitions of noxious-weed seeds and shows the scientific names and common names 

according to the law and regulations of the particular State in which the seed is noxious. It is the 

responsibility of seed dealers to know the requirements of State laws and the changes in those 

laws.

Appendix A and B contain cross references of State noxious-weed seed common and scientific 

names. Over time, the Seed Regulatory and Testing Division (SRTD) has compiled many name 

variations from individual States that SRTD has incorporated into the appendices. Because of 

the many variations in common names and the possible synonyms in scientific names, SRTD

cannot claim that the names in the appendices exactly match the names as published in each 

State’s seed law or regulations. It is the responsibility of seed dealers to verify name 

variations used by each State.

In addition to the noxious-weed seed requirements, the maximum percentage of weed seeds 

permitted by the State laws is shown where applicable. Note: The Federal Seed Act does not

limit the percentage of weed seeds but does require truth in labeling as it pertains to weed seed 

content.

For updates and corrections, State seed control officials please contact: 

Seed Regulatory and Testing Division Phone: (704) 810-8871

801 Summit Crossing Place, Suite C Fax: (704) 852-4109

Gastonia, NC 28054-2193 E-mail: Seed.AMS@ams.usda.gov

This publication is available on the Internet at www.ams.usda.gov/seed.

For the purpose of interstate commerce, the Federal Seed Act defines "noxious-weed seed" as, in 

part, "the seeds or bulblets of plants recognized as noxious ... by the law or rules and regulations 

of the State into which the seed is offered for transportation, or transported.... or ... Puerto Rico, 

Guam, or District of Columbia ... or ... by the rules and regulations of the Secretary of 

Agriculture ..."

Section 201(a)(5) of the Federal Seed Act provides, in part: "It shall be unlawful for any person 

to transport or deliver for transportation in interstate commerce--

(a) Any agricultural seeds or any mixture of agricultural seeds for seeding purposes, unless 

each container bears a label giving the following information...: 

(5) Kinds of noxious-weed seeds and the rate of occurrence of each, which rate shall be 

expressed in accordance with and shall not exceed the rate allowed for shipment, 

movement, or sale of such noxious-weed seeds by the law and regulations of the State 

into which the seed is offered for transportation or transported or in accordance with the 

rules and regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture, when under the provisions of section 

101(a)(9)(A)(iii) [the Secretary] shall determine that weeds other than those designated by

State requirements are noxious;"
State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- iv -

Section 201.16(b) of the Regulations under the Federal Seed Act provides: "Seeds or bulblets of 

the following plants shall be considered noxious-weed seeds in agricultural and vegetable seeds 

transported or delivered for transportation in interstate commerce (including Puerto Rico, Guam, 

and the District of Columbia). Agricultural or vegetable seed containing seeds or bulblets of 

these kinds shall not be transported or delivered for transportation in interstate commerce.

FSA Regulations §201.16(b) Noxious-weed seeds

Noxious-weed seeds include the following species on which no tolerance will be applied:

Aeginetia spp.

Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King and 

H.E. Robins.

Alectra spp.

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC.

Asphodelus fistulosus L.

Avena sterilis L. (including Avena 

ludoviciana Dur.)

Azolla pinnata R. Br.

Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. 

Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin.

Commelina benghalensis L.

Crupina vulgaris Cass.

Digitaria scalarum (Schweinfurth) 

Chiovenda

Digitaria velutina (Forsk.) Beauv.

Drymaria arenarioides Roem. and Schult.

Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth

Emex australis Steinh.

Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.

Galega officinalis L.

Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & 

Levier

Homeria spp.

Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle 

Hygrophila polysperma T. Anders.

Imperata brasiliensis Trin.

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.

Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.

Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees

Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume

Lycium ferocissimum Miers

Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake

Melastoma malabathricum L.

Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Robins.

Mikania micrantha H.B.K.

Mimosa invisa Mart. 

Mimosa pigra L. var. pigra

Monochoria hastata (L.) Sloms-Laub.

Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) K.B. Presl

Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arechavaleta

Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl.

Oryza longistaminata A. Cheval. and Roehr.

Oryza punctata Steud. 

Oryza rufipogon Griff. 

Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.

Paspalum scrobiculatum L.

Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov.

Pennisetum macrourum Trin.

Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.

Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.

Prosopis alpataco R.A. Philippi 

Prosopis argentina Burkart

Prosopis articulata S. Watson

Prosopis burkartii Munoz

Prosopis caldenia Burkart

Prosopis calingastana Burkart

Prosopis campestris Griseb.

Prosopis castellanosii Burkart

Prosopis denudans Benth.

Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart

Prosopis farcta (Russell) Macbride

Prosopis ferox Griseb.

Prosopis fiebrigii Harms

Prosopis hassleri Harms

Prosopis humilis Hook. and Arn.

Prosopis kuntzei Harms

Prosopis pallida (Willd.) H.B.K.

Prosopis palmeri S. Watson

Prosopis reptans Benth. var. reptans
State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- v -

Prosopis rojasiana Burkart

Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart

Prosopis ruscifolia Griseb.

Prosopis sericantha Hook. and Arn.

Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth.

Prosopis torquata (Lagasca) DC.

Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton

Rubus fruticosus L. (complex) 

Rubus moluccanus L.

Saccharum spontaneum L.

Sagittaria sagittifolia L.

Salsola vermiculata L.

Salvinia auriculata Aubl.

Salvinia biloba Raddi 

Salvinia herzogii de la Sota 

Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell

Senecio inaequidens DC.

Senecio madagascariensis Poir.

Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf and 

Hubb. 

Solanum tampicense Dunal

Solanum torvum Sw.

Solanum viarum Dunal

Sparganium erectum L.

Spermacoce alata (Aublet) de Candolle

Striga spp.

Tridax procumbens L.

Urochloa panicoides Beauv.”

Under the Federal Seed Act, only agricultural seeds (including lawn seeds) are subject to State

noxious-weed seed requirements. However, the interstate provisions as listed above apply to 

both agricultural and vegetable seeds, even though vegetable seeds are not required to be labeled 

as to the presence of noxious-weed seeds.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant 

Protection and Quarantine Program (USDA APHIS PPQ) and the plant health agencies in each of 

the 50 states, regulate the shipment of nursery and greenhouse stock in an effort to minimize the 

spread of harmful insects, diseases, and other pests. The Federal & State Quarantine Summaries

is designed as a reference tool for nursery stock growers, brokers, purchasers, and others 

involved in the buying, selling, and interstate transport of nursery and greenhouse plant crops. It 

outlines the basic quarantine and other plant health requirements of APHIS, all 50 states, and 

Puerto Rico. This publication is available on the Internet at www.nationalplantboard.org/laws.

The Association of American Seed Control Officials publishes a Web site at 

www.seedcontrol.org that has links to each State's Web page. Most of those State's Web pages 

have links to their state seed law.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 1 -

ALABAMA

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. - None allowed in certified seed 1/

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp. - None allowed except 2/

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 200 per pound

Cheat or 

Chess

Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 2 per pound in 

uncertified seed 1/

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 200 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 200 per pound

Docks Rumex spp. except hastatulus 100 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 100 per pound

Garlic, wild or 

Onion, wild

Allium spp. 27 per pound

Goatgrass Aegilops spp. 9 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 200 per pound

Johnsongrass and/or 

Sorghum almum or perennial rhizomatous 

derivatives of these

Sorghum halepense 100 per pound

Moonflower or 

Morningglory, giant

Calonyction muricatum 9 per pound

Mustard, wild or 

Turnip, wild

Brassica spp. 27 per pound

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium 200 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 200 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 100 per pound

Radish Raphanus spp. 27 per pound

Sicklepod Senna tora 27 per pound

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 200 per pound

Sunn Hemp 2/ Crotalaria juncea 2/ 5 per pound

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 9 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

 

1/ No cocklebur seed is allowed in certified seed and 2 per pound is allowed in uncertified seed.

2/ Crotalaria spp. is prohibited except Crotalaria juncea, restricted to 5 per pound. Sale of Sunn Hemp is prohibited in a mixture.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

ALABAMA - continued

- 2 -

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of the seeds, bulblets, or 

tubers of each noxious-weed seed which are present in agricultural, vegetable, herb, tree, shrub, 

or flower seed.

The total restricted noxious-weed seeds shall not exceed 200 per pound, singly or collectively, 

subject to the above restrictions; except bermudagrass and cheat or chess which shall not exceed 

300 per pound, singly or collectively, including the above limitations. The sum total of all 

"Restricted Noxious Weeds" shall not exceed 300 per pound.

Except as provided in the regulations, Alabama law prohibits the sale of any agricultural or 

vegetable seed containing weed seed in excess of 2 percent of the whole weight.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 3 -

ALASKA

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Galinsoga Galinsoga parviflora

Hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum

Hempnettle Galeopsis tetrahit

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Lettuce, blue flowering Lactuca pulchella 

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Whitetops and its varieties Cardaria draba or

Cardaria pubescens or

Lepidium latifolium

Alaska law prohibits the shipment of agricultural seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted Limitations

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 90 per pound

Buckwheat, wild Polygonum convolvulus 2 per pound

Blue burr Lappula echinata 18 per pound

Mustard Brassica juncea or

Brassica kaber

36 per pound

Oats, wild Avena fatua 7 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago spp. 90 per pound

Radish Raphanus raphanistrum 27 per pound

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris 1 per pound

Vetch, tufted Vicia cracca 2 per pound

Agricultural seed sold or offered for sale within the State of Alaska shall be labeled to show the name 

and approximate number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 4 -

ARIZONA

Prohibited

Alfombrilla Drymaria arenarioides

Alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris

Broomrape, branched Orobanche ramosa

Burclover Medicago polymorpha

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Hoarycress, globe-podded (whitetop) Cardaria draba

Hoarycress, lens podded Cardaria chalepensis

Horsenettle, Carolina Solanum carolinense

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens 

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea squarrosa

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Melon, Dudaim (Queen Anne’s melon) Cucumis melo var. dudaim

Morningglory Ipomoea spp., all species except I. carnea, I. 

triloba, I. aborescens, I. batatas, I, quamoclit, and

I. noctiflora

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaegnifolium

Nutgrass or 

Nutsedge, purple

Cyperus rotundus

Nutgrass or 

Nutsedge, yellow

Cyperus esculentus

Punagrass Stipa brachychaeta

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Purslane, common Portulaca oleracea

Quackgrass Elymus repens

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea

Rue, African (Syrian rue) Peganum harmala

Salvinia, giant Salvinia molesta

Sandbur, field Cenchrus incertus

Sandbur, southern Cenchrus echinatus

Skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum

Sorghum, species perennial Sorghum spp.

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

ARIZONA – continued

- 5 -

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, Sicilian Centaurea sulphurea

Starthistle, yellow (St. Barnaby’s thistle) Centaurea solstitialis

Sudangrass, sweet perennial Sorghum spp.

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acathium

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria genistifolia var. dalmatica

Torpedograss Panicum repens

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Water-chestnut Trapa natans

Wartcress, creeping Coronopus squamatus

Waterhyacinth, anchored Eichhornia azurea

Whitetop, hairy Cardaria pubescens

Witchweed Striga spp.

Woad, Dyers Isatis tinctoria

Arizona law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable or ornamental plant seed containing any 

prohibited noxious-weed seed.

Restricted Limitations

Dock, curly Rumex crispus 30 per pound

Mallow, alkali Sida hederacea 30 per pound

Morning glory, three-lobed Ipomoea triloba 10 per pound

Mustard, Indian Brassica juncea 30 per pound

Mustard, black Brassica niger 30 per pound

Mustard, field Brassica rapa 30 per pound

Mustard, wild or

Charlock

Sinapis arvensis 30 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua 5 per pound

Rape, bird Brassica campestris 30 per pound

Resinbush, sweet Euryops subcarnosus subsp. vulgaris 10 per pound

Sandbur Cenchrus pauciflorus 10 per pound

Thistle, Russian Salsola kali var. tenuifolia 30 per pound

Waterhyacinth, floating Eichhornia crassipes 10 per pound

Arizona law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable or ornamental plant seed containing 

restricted noxious-weed seeds, singly in excess of limitations, as stated per pound, or in 

combination of 50 per pound.

The label shall show the name and rate of occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted 

noxious-weed seed present.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 6 -

ARKANSAS

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp.

Itchgrass Rottboellia cochinchinesis

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted Limitations

Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crusgalli 300 per pound; see exception 7

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium 300 Per pound

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 300 per pound

Cheat or 

Chess

Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound; see exception 5

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 300 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 3 per pound

Coffeebean or 

Indigo, tall

Sesbania exaltata 15 per pound (in rice)

Darnel Lolium temulentum 300 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 300 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 300 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 300 per pound

Garlic, wild or 

Onion, wild

Allium spp. 2 per pound or

18 per pound; see exception 2

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 300 per pound

Indigo, curly Aeschynomene spp. 15 per pound (in rice)

Indigo, tall or 

Coffeebean

Sesbania exaltata 15 per pound (in rice)

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 100 per pound

Moonflower Ipomoea turbinata 300 per pound

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. 300 per pound

Nightshade, purple Solanum elaeagnifolium 300 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 300 per pound

Rice, red Oryza sativa var. 15 per pound (in rice)

Sorrel Rumex spp. 300 per pound

The Arkansas laboratory distinguishes moonflower (Ipomoea turbinata) from other species of 

morninglory (Ipomoea spp.). Each of the two is allowed 300 seeds per pound. 

In the Regulations on the Sale of Planting Seed in Arkansas, Arkansas law declares, in part, that 

"When found in rice, the following weeds shall, in addition, be classed as noxious, and their 

presence must be indicated in accordance with the requirements for other noxious weeds: (a) red 

rice (Oryza sativa var.), (b) curly indigo (Aeschynomene spp.), (c) tall indigo or coffeebean

(Sesbania exaltata).
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

ARKANSAS - continued

- 7 -

The label shall show the name and number of each noxious-weed seed present per pound, or if none 

are present, a statement to that effect.

Agricultural seeds must not be sold for planting purposes which contain more than 300 of any one 

noxious weed per pound, or a combined total of 500 noxious weeds per pound, with the following 

exceptions:

1. Sale of seed containing Field Bindweed, Crotalaria spp., Balloonvine, Itchgrass, Nutgrass,

Serrated Tussock, and Tropical Soda Apple in any amount whatsoever (no tolerance) is 

prohibited.

2. Sale of seed such as sorghum, vetch or small grains requiring at least 300 grams or more as 

shown in Section 4, Subsection (C), Column 3, for a noxious weed examination, that contains 

more than two wild onion or wild garlic per pound is prohibited. Sale of seed such as 

sudangrass, clovers, or lespedeza requiring less than 300 grams for a noxious examination, that 

contain more than 18 wild onion or wild garlic per pound, is prohibited.

When the original analysis used for tagging shows any wild onion or wild garlic present, a 

warning tag must be attached in addition to the analysis tag, said warning tab to be obtained from 

the Plant Board.

3. Sale of seed containing more than 100 Johnsongrass seeds per pound is prohibited.

When the original analysis used for tagging shows any Johnsongrass present, a warning tag must 

be attached in addition to the analysis tag, said warning tab to be obtained from the Plant Board.

4. Sale of rice seed for planting purposes containing more than 15 each of red rice, curly indigo, and 

tall indigo, or coffeebean per pound is prohibited.

5. Bromus commutatus when present in smooth bromegrass shall not be considered noxious weed 

but as a common weed.

6. Sale of seed containing more than three cocklebur per pound is prohibited.

7. Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crusgalli, when present in lespedeza, shall not be considered as a 

noxious weed, but as a common weed.

The sale for planting purposes of any agricultural seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of 

weed seed is prohibited. Exceptions: the limit is 4 percent for lespedeza and grasses."
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 8 -

CALIFORNIA

Prohibited

If the seed lot is contaminated with seeds on this list, the allowable level is two seeds per minimum 

weight of sample for noxious weed examination as given in the Federal Seed Act Regulations 

Section 201.46 Table 1. If over tolerance, seed lot cannot be sold unless it can be cleaned to meet 

allowable tolerance level.

Alhagi pseudalhagi camelthorn 

Cardaria chalepensis lens-podded hoary cress 

Cardaria draba heart-podded hoary cress 

Cardaria pubescens globe-podded hoary cress 

Carduus acanthoides plumeless thistle 

Carduus nutans musk thistle 

Carthamus leucocaulos whitestem distaff thistle

Centaurea repens Russian knapweed

Cirsium arvense Canada thistle

Cirsium undulatum wavyleaf thistle

Cucumis melo var. dudaim dudaim melon

Euphorbia esula leafy spurge 

Helianthus ciliaris blueweed 

Lepidium latifolium perennial pepperweed 

Onopordum spp. onopordum thistles 

Rorippa austriaca Austrian fieldcress

Solanum carolinense Carolina horsenettle 

Solanum elaeagnifolium white horsenettle 

Sonchus arvensis perennial sowthistle

Restricted

If the seed lot is contaminated with seeds on this list, then the lot must be labeled to name the 

restricted noxious-weed seeds and the rate of occurrence per pound of seed. The State will examine 

seed lots to confirm if the labeled rate of occurrence is within tolerance of the rate of occurrence 

found under State examination. California tolerance for labeled versus State determined rate of 

occurrence is the same as that used by the USDA under FSA Reg. Sec. 201.65 for noxious-weed 

seeds in interstate commerce. 

Agropyron repens or Elytrigia repens quackgrass

Allium vineale wild garlic

Carduus pycnocephalus Italian thistle

Carduus tenuiflorus Italian thistle

Carthamus baeticus smooth distaff thistle 

Carthamus lanatus woolly distaff thistle 

Cenchrus echinatus southern sandbur grass

Cenchrus incertus coast sandbur grass

Cenchrus longispinus mat sandbur grass

Centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

CALIFORNIA - continued

Restricted - continued

- 9 -

Chorispora tenella purple mustard

Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed

Cuscuta spp. dodder 

Cyperus esculentus yellow nutgrass

Cyperus rotundus purple nutgrass

Elymus caputmedusae medusahead 

Elytrigia repens or Agropyron repens quackgrass

Halogeton glomeratus halogeton 

Hypericum perforatum Klamathweed 

Salvia aethiopis Mediterranean sage 

Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass and other perennial Sorghum spp. including

but not limited to Sorghum almum and perennial sweet 

sudangrass.

Tribulus terrestris puncturevine 

California seed law declares it is unlawful to ship, deliver, transport, or sell any agricultural or 

vegetable seed that contains more than 1.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds.

California Quarantine Noxious Weeds

In addition to the noxious-weed seeds listed above, the State of California plant quarantine laws 

also regulate the sale of crop seed containing propagules of noxious weeds. The Federal Seed 

Act does not enforce this provision of State law.

Firms shipping seed into California should obtain a copy of both the California Plant Quarantine 

and Seed Laws for guidance. These are available from the Pest Exclusion/Seed Service, Plant 

Health and Pest Prevention Services, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 1220 N 

Street, Room A372, Sacramento, CA 95814, telephone (916) 653-1440, 

(http://pi.cdfa.ca.gov/pqm/manual/htm/107.htm), and 

(http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/PE/Nursery/Seed.html).

Quarantine A & Q Rated Noxious Weeds: Seed lots contaminated with propagules from "A" or 

"Q" rated plants will be rejected from entry into California. There is zero tolerance.

B & C Rated Weeds: Seed lots contaminated with any mature seed or other parts capable of 

propagation of any B and C rated weed seeds shall be rejected entry into California only when in 

the area of destination: (1) the weed pest is not of common occurrence or (2) if intensive control 

or eradication measures are being conducted against such a pest. Page 5 and 6 of the California 

Plant Quarantine Manual section 107.5 indicates the counties in which shipments containing “B” 

and “C” rated weed seeds will be rejected. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 10 -

COLORADO

Prohibited

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bouncingbet Saponaria officinalis

Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi

Chamomile, scentless Anthemis arvensis

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta

Clematis, Chinese Clematis orientalis

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Horsenettle, Carolina Solanum carolinense

Horsenettle, white Solanum elaeagnifolium

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, black Centaurea nigra

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens or Centaurea repens 

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea virgata

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria or Lythrum virgatum

Mallow, Venice Hibiscus trionum

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Millet, wild proso Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Povertyweed, silverleaf Ambrosia tomentosa or Franseria discolor 

Povertyweed, woollyleaf Ambrosia grayi or Franseria tomentosa 

Rocket, Dame's Hesperis matronalis

Rue, African Peganum harmala

Sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis

Saltcedar Tamarix parviflora or Tamarix ramosissima

Skeletonweed, rush Chrondrilla juncea

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, cypress Euphorbia cyparissias

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Spurge, myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Tarweed, coast Madia sativa

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium or Onopordum tauricum

Toadflax, dalmatian Linaria dalmatica 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COLORADO - continued

Prohibited - continued

- 11 -

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Whitetop Cardaria draba

Whitetop, hairy Cardaria pubescens

Whitetop, tall Lepidium latifolium

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

Colorado law prohibits sale of agricultural seeds containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted Limitation 

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 200 per pound

Burdock, common Arctium minus 200 per pound

Butterprint or 

Velvetleaf

Abutilon theophrasti 10 per pound

Dock, curly Rumex crispus 50 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 20 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 50 per pound

Groundcherry, purpleflower Quincula lobata or

Physalis lobata 

50 per pound

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum 10 per pound

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger 10 per pound

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella or

Lactuca pulchella 

200 per pound

Mustard, black Brassica nigra 30 per pound

Mustard, India Brassica juncea 30 per pound

Mustard, wild Sinapis arvensis or Brassica kaber 30 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua in barley, oat, wheat, rye,

and triticale

10 per pound 

Avena fatua in all other kinds 100 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 100 per pound

Povertyweed, mouse-ear Iva axillaris 200 per pound

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris 50 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens or Elytrigia repens 50 per pound

Sandbur, longspine Cenchrus longispinus 50 per pound

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare 10 per pound

Velvetleaf or Butterprint Abutilon theophrasti 10 per pound

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed present.

No one lot of seed shall have more than five restricted weeds in the lot. 

Colorado law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed if it contains more than 2 percent of weed 

seed by weight.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 12 -

CONNECTICUT

Prohibited

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Connecticut law prohibits the sale of agricultural seeds consisting of or containing prohibited 

noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Cockle, white Lychnis alba 

Dock Rumex spp.

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Plantain Plantago spp.

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris

Exceptions for lawn grass mixtures:

The seeds of bedstraw species Galium asprellum may be deleted from the list of prohibited noxiousweed seeds in lawn grass mixtures; seeds of dock (Rumex spp.), except red sorrel (Rumex acetosella), 

and all Plantago spp., other than broadleaf plantain (Plantago major), blackseed plantain (P. rugelii), 

and buckhorn plantain (P. lanceolata) shall not be considered restricted noxious-weed seeds in lawn

grass mixtures. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) shall not be considered to be a noxious-weed seed 

when labeled as a component in lawn grass mixtures.

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

present.

Connecticut law prohibits sale of agricultural, vegetable, and lawn or turf seed if it contains in excess 

of 2.5 percent by weight of weed seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 13 -

DELAWARE

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sicklepod Cassia tora

Sorghum species, Johnsongrass, perennial sweet sudangrass, 

sorghum almum, and hybrids derived therefrom

Sorghum spp.

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, plumeless Carduus spp.

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Delaware law prohibits the sale of agricultural and vegetable seed consisting of or containing any of 

the above weed seeds.

Restricted - In Agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree, and shrub seed

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata

Bermudagrass, common Cynodon spp.

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Burcucumber Sicyos angulatus

Cheat or chess Bromus secalinus

Cockle, corn Agrostemma githago

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild Allium spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Onion, wild Allium spp.

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida

Delaware law states, in part, "For agricultural seeds, the label shall show the name and rate of 

occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed present, singly or collectively, in 

any amounts whatsoever, provided that the amount does not exceed 160 per pound in Group 1, and 

10 per pound in Group 2. Except in lawn or turf seed, annual bluegrass shall not exceed 256 per 

pound.”

“Group 1: Agropyron spp., Agrostis spp., alfalfa, Bermudagrass, Brassica spp., orchardgrass, alsike, 

and white clover, crimson clover, dallisgrass, fescues, flax, foxtail millet, lespedezas, Poa

spp., red clover, reed canarygrass, rhodesgrass, ryegrass, sweetclover, smooth brome, 

timothy, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this

group.”

“Group 2: Barley, buckwheat, oats, proso, rye, sorghums, sudangrass, vetches, wheat, and other 

agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to, or greater than those within this group, 

or any mixtures within this group.”
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

DELAWARE – continued

- 14 -

“For seed mixtures for lawn and/or turf purposes in containers of 50 pounds or less, the label shall 

show the name and rate of occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

present.”

Delaware law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seeds containing 

in excess of 1.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds.

Restricted Noxious-Weed Seed in Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixtures

Except as provided below, seed of the following plants shall be restricted noxious-weed seed and 

shall be listed on the tag or label under the heading "Noxious-Weed Seed" or "Undesirable Grass 

Seed" by name and number per pound or ounce when present in bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, 

chewings fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties of named turf-type tall fescue, varieties of 

perennial ryegrass, or a mixture containing any of these grasses:

Bentgrass, colonial Agrostis spp. 1/

Bentgrass, creeping Agrostis spp. 1/

Bentgrass, velvet Agrostis spp. 1/

Bermudagrass, common Cynodon spp.

Bermudagrass, giant Cynodon spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis 1/

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis 1/

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea 1/

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea 1/

Timothy Phleum pretense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

Restricted noxious-weed seed set forth above may not exceed 0.5 percent by weight.

If included on the tag or label, seed designated as noxious-weed seed in other states shall be 

listed under the heading, "Noxious-Weed Seed" or "Undesirable Grass Seed."

 

1/ May be included as a labeled component of a mixture when each is present in excess of 5 

percent, by weight of the mixture.

The restricted noxious-weed seed set forth above may not apply to grasses or mixtures clearly 

labeled for pasture, forage, hay, conservation, or spoil bank reclamation usage.

Total weed seed, including lawn and turf restricted noxious-weed seed, may not exceed 1 percent 

by weight.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 15 -

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon

Bermudagrass, giant Cynodon dactylon var. aridus

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis 

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 

Garlic, wild Allium vineale 

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 

The name and number per pound of each kind of such noxious-weed seeds present shall be stated on 

the label.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 16 -

FLORIDA

Prohibited

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Dayflower, Benghal Commelina benghalensis

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted Limitations

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 4 per pound

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 1000 per pound

Buffalograss Panicum texanum 9 per pound

Cheat or 

Chess

Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 100 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 4 per pound

Crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis 9 per pound

Crotalaria Crotalaria mucronata or

Crotalaria striata 

54 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 100 per pound

Docks Rumex conglomeratus or Rumex 

crispus or Rumex obtusifolius

100 per pound

Dodders Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Horsenettle or 

Nightshade

Solanum carolinense or

Solanum elaeagnifolium

100 per pound

Johnsongrass and/or

Sorghum almum 

Sorghum halepense and/or

Sorghum almum

27 per pound

Millet, Texas Panicum texanum 9 per pound

Mustard, wild or 

Turnip, wild

Brassica spp. 27 per pound

Nightshade or 

Horsenettle

Solanum elaeagnifolium or 

Solanum carolinense

100 per pound

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus 1 per pound

Onions, wild Allium canadense 27 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 100 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 100 per pound

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 27 per pound

Rice, red Oryza sativa 300 per pound

Sorghum almum and/or

Johnsongrass

Sorghum almum and/or

Sorghum halepense 

27 per pound

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 200 per pound

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 9 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum 1 per pound

Turnip, wild or 

Mustard, wild

Brassica spp. 27 per pound
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

FLORIDA – continued

- 17 -

Vegetable seed in containers over 8 ounces and agricultural seed shall be labeled to show the name 

and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed.

The total amount of all restricted noxious-weed seed shall not exceed 300 per pound, exclusive of 

annual bluegrass.

Florida law prohibits the sale, for planting purposes, of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or forest tree 

seed containing in excess of 2 percent of total weed seed. Carpetgrass, for seeding purposes, may 

contain up to 5 percent total weed seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 18 -

GEORGIA

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Cocklebur Xanthium spp.

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp.

Morningglory, Giant or

Moonflower

Ipomoea turbinata

Nutsedge, purple Cyperus rotundus

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 200 per pound

Cheat or 

Chess

Bromus secalinus and/or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 100 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 200 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 100 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 100 per pound

Garlic, wild and/or 

Onion, wild

Allium spp. 27 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 200 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 100 per pound

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens 100 per pound

Millet, Texas or 

Panicum, Texas

Panicum texanum 27 per pound

Mustard, wild and 

Turnips, wild

Brassica spp. (except for winter rape,

Brassica napus var. biennis, and rape, 

Brassica rapa var. rapa)

27 per pound

Nightshade, Silverleaf or purple Solanum elaeagnifolium 200 per pound

Onion, wild and/or 

Garlic, wild

Allium spp. 27 per pound

Panicum, Texas or 

Millet, Texas

Panicum texanum 27 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 200 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 200 per pound

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens 100 per pound

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 27 per pound

Rice, red Oryza rufipogon 300 per pound

Sandbur, field Cenchrus incertus 27 per pound

Sorghum almum Sorghum × almum 100 per pound
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

GEORGIA - continued

- 19 -

Sorrel, red or 

Sorrel, sheep

Rumex acetosella 200 per pound

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 9 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

Turnips, wild and 

Mustard, wild

Brassica spp. (except for winter rape,

Brassica napus var. biennis, and rape, 

Brassica rapa var. rapa)

27 per pound

A maximum or total of all noxious-weed seeds allowed in seed shall not exceed 300 per pound, 

singly or collectively, provided that no one of the seeds with a specific limitation is present in 

excess of the limit fixed for it.

Georgia law provides that the percent weed seed labeled shall comply with the following 

requirements:

1. The percent weed seed shall not exceed the following limitations for major crop seed as 

indicated:

Maximum Percent

Kind Weed Seed

(i) Corn None

(ii) Cotton 0.05%

(iii) Peanut 0.2 %

(iv) Soybean 0.2 %

2. The percent weed seed labeled for crops not listed shall not exceed 1 percent, except for a 

maximum weed seed limitation of 2 percent for lawn, turf and forage grasses.

The label shall show the name and number of restricted noxious-weed seeds per pound.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 20 -

HAWAII

Prohibited

Acuate Lagascea mollis 

Ardisia, shoebutton Ardisia elliptica

Barbwire grass Cymbopogon refractus 

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis 

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium 

Bitterbush Chromolaena odorata

Blackberry, prickly Florida Rubus argutus

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 

Box, Victorian Pittosporum undulatum

Broom, French Cytisus monspessulanus 

Broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius 

Broom, Spanish Spartium junceum 

Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus

Buffalobur Solanum rostratum 

Bur, New Zealand Acaena novae-zelandiae

Bur, paroquet Triumfetta rhomboidea

Bur, Sacramento Triumfetta semitriloba 

Cactus, moon Eriocereus martinii

Cactus, spiny tree Cereus uruguayanus

Caesarweed Urena lobata 

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica 

Cortaderia jubata Cortaderia jubata

Croftonweed Ageratina adenophora

Croftonweed, creeping Ageratina riparia

Curse, Koster's Clidemia hirta var. hirta

Daisy, tree Montanoa hibiscifolia

Elephant's foot Elephantopus mollis

Elephantopus Elephantopus mollis

Emex, spiny Emex spinosa 

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca 

Firetree Myrica faya

Fireweed Senecio madagascariensis

Fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum 

Foxtail, West Indian Andropogon bicornis 

Garlic, wild Allium vineale 

Gaura Gaura spp. 

Goatgrass, barb Aegilops triuncialis 

Gorse Ulex europaeus 

Gourd, ivy Coccinia grandis

Grevillea, Bank's Grevillea banksii 

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus 

Hempweed, climbing Mikania scandens

Hoarycress Cardaria draba 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

HAWAII - continued

Prohibited - continued

- 21 -

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 

Hyptis, comb Hyptis pectinata

Jointvetch, Indian Aeschynomene indica 

Kahiliflower Grevillea banksii 

Kat sola Aeschynomene indica 

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Kudzu, tropical Pueraria phaseoloides

Locoweeds Astragalus spp. or Oxytropis spp. 

Lyon's grass Themeda villosa

Malachra Malachra alceifolia 

Marabu Dichrostachys nutans 

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae 

Medinilla venosa Medinilla venosa

Melastoma Melastoma spp.

Miconia Miconia spp.

Mile-a-minute Mikania micrantha 

Miscanthus Miscanthus floridulus

Mullein Verbascum thapsus 

Myrtle, candleberry Myrica faya

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium or Solanum robustum

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus 

Oxyspora paniculata Oxyspora paniculata

Pamakani, Hamakua Ageratina riparia

Pamakani, Maui Ageratina adenophora

Passionfruit, winged-leaf Passiflora pulchella 

Passionfruit, banana Passiflora mollissima

Pepper, spiked Piper aduncum 

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium 

Peruvian apple Cereus uruguayanus

Piripiri Acaena novae-zelandiae

Poka, banana Passiflora mollissima 

Poppy, plume Bocconia frutescens

Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens 

Ragweeds Ambrosia spp.

Raspberry, hill Rubus niveus

Raspberry, Molucca Rubus sieboldii

Raspberry, yellow Himalayan Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus

Rosemyrtle, downy Rhodomyrtus tomentosa 

Sensitiveplant, giant Mimosa invisa 

Sensitiveplant, thorny Mimosa pigra

Siamweed Chromolaena odorata

Silvergrass, Japanese Miscanthus floridulus

Snakeroot, white Ageratina altissima

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

HAWAII - continued

Prohibited - continued

- 22 -

Spikenard, wild Hyptis suaveolens 

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula 

St. John's-wort, common Hypericum perforatum 

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis 

Terongan Solanum torvum 

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 

Thistle, Russian Salsola kali 

Three-awns Aristida spp. 

Tibouchina Tibouchina spp.

Torpedograss Panicum repens 

Turkeyberry Solanum torvum 

Tussock, nasella Stipa trichotoma

Wattle, Black Acacia mearnsii

Whitetop, hairy Cardaria pubescens 

Witchweeds Striga spp.

Restricted

Bur, star Acanthospermum hispidum 

Cockleburs Xanthium spp. 

Crotalaria, showy Crotalaria spectabilis 

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 

Dodders Cuscuta spp. 

Elephantopus Elephantopus spp. (except E. mollis)

Emex Emex australis 

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 

Lettuce, blue Lactuca pulchella 

Marigold, wild Tagetes minuta

Milkweeds Asclepias spp.

Needlegrasses Stipa spp.

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris 

Rattlepod, longbeak Crotalaria longirostrata 

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum 

Spurge, toothed Euphorbia serrata 

Thistle, curled or

Thistle, musk or

Thistle, plumeless

Carduus spp.

No person shall sell, offer, or expose for sale within the State, for planting purposes, agricultural 

or vegetable seed: 

A. Consisting of or containing prohibited noxious-weed seed; or 

B. Consisting of or containing more than 32 seeds of restricted noxious-weed seed singly or 

collectively per pound.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 23 -

IDAHO

Prohibited

Beancaper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago 

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Buffalobur Solanum rostratum 

Bursage, skeletonleaf Ambrosia tomentosa 

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum or Alhagi camelorum 

Carrot, wild or Queen Anne's Lace Daucus carota subsp. carota 

Cress, hoary or White top Cardaria draba subsp. draba

Crupina, common Crupina vulgaris

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica 

Groundcherry, smooth Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata 

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa 

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens or Centaurea repens 

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa 

Loosestrife, Purple or 

Lythrum, purple 

Lythrum salicaria

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Poison - Hemlock Conium maculatum 

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens or Agropyron repens 

Queen Anne's Lace or Carrot, wild Daucus carota subsp. carota

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea

Skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea 

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

St. Johnswort, common Hypericum perforatum 

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Swainson pea Sphaerophysa salsula or Swainsona salsula

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk or nodding Carduus nutans 

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica or Linaria genistifolia subsp.

dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris 

White top or Cress, hoary Cardaria draba subsp. draba

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

Idaho law prohibits sale of agricultural or vegetable seed containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

IDAHO - continued

- 24 -

Restricted

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella or Lactuca pulchella

Oat, wild Avena fatua 

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Ragweed, perennial or Western Ambrosia psilostachya

Rye, medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. caput-medusae or

Elymus caput-medusae

Sumpweed, poverty Iva axillaris 

The label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

per pound.

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, expose for sale, or deliver under contract any 

agricultural or vegetable seed containing restricted noxious-weed seeds singly or collectively in 

excess of:

A. Seven seeds in 50 grams of Agrostis species, Poa species, Rhodes grass, Bermudagrass, timothy, 

celery, and other agricultural or vegetable seed of similar size and weight, within this group;

B. Seven seeds in each 50 grams of Dallisgrass, ryegrass, fescue species, foxtail millets, alfalfa, red 

clover, sweetclover, lespedeza, bromegrass, Brassica species, carrot, onion, and other 

agricultural or vegetable seeds of similar size and weight or mixtures within this group, or 

mixtures of this group with those in group A;

C. Seven seeds in 50 grams of alsike clover, white clover, and other agricultural or vegetable seeds 

of similar size and weight, or mixtures of this group with those in group A or group B;

D. Eight seeds in each 150 grams of Proso millet, Sudan grass, and seeds of similar size and weight, 

or mixtures of seeds within this group;

E. Forty-five seeds in each pound for all wheatgrass species.

F. Four seeds in each 500 grams of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums, vetches, field 

peas, and other seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or 

any mixtures within this group.

G. One percent by weight of all weed seeds, inclusive restricted noxious-weed seeds, provided that 3

percent of cheat, chess, or downy brome shall be allowed in grass seed in which these weeds are 

found. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 25 -

ILLINOIS

Prohibited (Primary)

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Hoarycress Cardaria draba

Johnsongrass and Sorghum almum and any 

plant the seed of which cannot be 

distinguished from Johnsongrass

Sorghum halepense and

Sorghum almum

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris 

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted (Secondary)

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Bullnettle Solanum carolinense

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Dock, curled Rumex crispus

Dodders Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild or 

Onion, wild

Allium vineale or

Allium canadense

Mustard, wild Brassica juncea or 

Brassica kaber or

Brassica nigra 1/

Onion, wild or 

Garlic, wild 

Allium canadense or

Allium vineale

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Rape, bird Brassica campestris 1/

 

1/ All species of Brassica are regarded as noxious by the Illinois seed lab. The Federal Seed Act, 

by reason of the Illinois State law and regulations, regards only these named species of 

Brassica as noxious when occurring in agricultural seed shipped into Illinois.

It shall be unlawful to sell, offer, or expose for sale for seeding purposes within the State of Illinois 

any agricultural seed or mixture of same:

A. Containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds;

B. Containing restricted noxious-weed seeds either singly or collectively in greater numbers than the 

proportion of one to 1,000 agricultural seeds;

C. Containing more than 1.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds in chaffy seeds and native grasses 

or 1 percent by weight of weed seed in all other agricultural seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

ILLINOIS- continued

- 26 -

The label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed, per pound in groups A, B, C, and D when present singly or collectively in excess of:

A. Eighty seeds or bulblets per pound of Agrostis spp., Poa spp., Rhodesgrass, Bermudagrass, 

timothy, orchardgrass, fine-textured fescues, alsike and white clover, reed canarygrass, 

dallisgrass, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group;

B. Thirty-two seeds or bulblets per pound of ryegrass, meadow and tall fescues, foxtail millet, 

crownvetch, alfalfa, red clover, sweetclovers, lespedezas, smooth brome grass, crimson clover, 

flax, Agropyron spp., and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within 

this group, or of this group with group A;

C. Sixteen seeds or bulblets per pound of proso, Sudangrass, and other agricultural seeds of similar 

size and weight, or mixtures not specified in groups A, B, or D;

D. Four seeds or bulblets per pound of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums (except 

Sudangrass), vetches and other agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than 

those within this group, or any mixtures within this group.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 27 -

INDIANA

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Garlic, wild and 

Onion, wild

Allium spp. 

Johnsongrass and 

Sorghum almum

Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Onion, wild and 

Garlic, wild

Allium spp. 

Peppergrass, perennial Lepidium draba 

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

It is unlawful for any person to distribute agricultural seed if the seed contains or consists of 

prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Cocklebur Xanthium pensylvanicum

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Dock, curled Rumex crispus

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard Brassica arvensis

Nightshade, eastern black Solanum ptycanthum

Pennycress Thlaspi arvense

Peppergrass, field Lepidium campestre

Wintercress, bitter Barbarea vulgaris

It is unlawful for any person to distribute agricultural seeds if the seed consists of or contains 

restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of 0.25 percent, or if it contains more than 2.5 percent of all 

weed seeds. If less than 0.25 percent of such weed seeds by weight are present, the number per 

pound must be declared on the labeling.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 28 -

IOWA

Primary

Bindweed, field or Morningglory, European Convolvulus arvensis

Cress, hoary or Peppergrass, perennial Cardaria draba

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens 

Morningglory, European or Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Peppergrass, perennial or Cress, hoary Cardaria draba

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Iowa law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed if it contains any primary noxious-weed seeds.

Secondary

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Butterprint or Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

Dock, curly or Dock, sour Rumex crispus

Dock, smooth Rumex altissimus

Dock, sour or Dock, curly Rumex crispus

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum

Mustard, wild Brassica juncea, or

Brassica nigra, or

Sinapis arvensis

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Sorrel, red or Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella

Sorrel, sheep or Sorrel, red Rumex acetosella

Sunflower, wild Helianthus annuus, wild strain of

Velvetleaf or Butterprint Abutilon theophrasti

For agricultural seed the label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of 

secondary noxious-weed seed per pound in groups A, B, C, and D, when present singly or 

collectively in excess of:

A. Eighty seeds or bulblets per pound of Agrostis spp., Poa spp., Bermudagrass, timothy, 

orchardgrass, fescues (except meadow fescue), alsike and white clover, reed canarygrass, and 

other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group;

B. Forty-eight seeds or bulblets per pound of ryegrass, meadow fescue, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red 

clover, sweet clover, lespedeza, smooth brome, crimson clover, Brassica spp., flax, Agropyron

spp., and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group, or of 

this group with group A;
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

IOWA - continued

- 29 -

C. Sixteen seeds or bulblets per pound of proso, sudangrass, and other agricultural seeds of similar 

size and weight, or mixtures not specified in groups A, B, and D;

D. Five seeds or bulblets per pound of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghum (except 

sudangrass), vetches, soybeans and other agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or 

greater than those within this group.

For seed mixtures for lawn and turf purposes, the label shall show the name and rate of occurrence 

per pound of each kind of secondary noxious-weed seed present, and the percentage by weight of all 

weed seed. Maximum weed seed content is not to exceed 1 percent by weight.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 30 -

KANSAS

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris

Hoarycress Cardaria draba 

Johnsongrass, sorghum almum and any plant the seed 

of which cannot be distinguished from Johnsongrass 

Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Kudzu Pueraria lobata

Lespedeza, sericea Lespedeza cuneata 

Pignut or Rushpea, Indian Hoffmannseggia densiflora

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 

Ragweed, bur Ambrosia grayi

Rushpea, Indian or Pignut Hoffmannseggia densiflora

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk or nodding Carduus nutans

Restricted Limitations

Bindweed, black or Buckwheat, wild Polygonum convolvulus 9 per pound

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia spp. or

Convolvulus sepium

18 per pound

Buckwheat, wild or Bindweed, black Polygonum convolvulus 9 per pound

Bullnettle Solanum carolinense 45 per pound

Butterprint or Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti 9 per pound

Carrot, wild Daucus carota 18 per pound

Charlock Sinapis arvensis 18 per pound

Cheat Bromus secalinus 45 per pound

Chess, hairy Bromus commutatus 45 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 9 per pound

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 45 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 45 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 18 per pound.

45 per pound

in lespedeza, other 

than Sericea 

lespedeza 

(Lespedeza cuneata)

Fanweed or Pennycress Thlaspi arvense 18 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 45 per pound

Garlic, wild or Onion, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica 9 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 45 per pound

Milkweed, climbing or Sandvine Cynanchum laeve or

Gonolobus laevis

9 per pound
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

KANSAS - continued

Restricted weed seeds Limitations

- 31 -

Moonflower, purple and 

Morningglory

Ipomoea spp. 18 per pound

Mustards, wild Brassica spp. 18 per pound

Nightshade complex, black Solanum americanum or

Solanum interius or

Solanum nigrum or

Solanum ptycanthum or

Solanum sarrachoides

9 per pound

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium 45 per pound

Oats, wild Avena fatua 9 per pound

Onion, wild or Garlic, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Pennycress or Fanweed Thlaspi arvense 18 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 45 per pound

Sandvine or 

Milkweed, climbing

Gonolobus laevis or

Cynanchum laeve

9 per pound

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis 45 per pound

Treacle Erysimum spp. 18 per pound

Velvetleaf or Butterprint Abutilon theophrasti 9 per pound

It is unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, or expose for sale any agricultural seed for 

seeding purposes which contains:

A. Noxious-weed seed;

B. Restricted weed seeds in excess of the above limitations; or

C. More than 1 percent of weed seeds by weight, except smooth bromegrass, tall fescue, 

orchardgrass, wheatgrasses and lespedeza which contain more that 2 percent weed seed 

by weight and chaffy range grasses which contain more than 4 percent weed seed by 

weight.

The total number of restricted weed seed shall not exceed 90 per pound (in combination) except 

native grasses, smooth bromegrass, tall fescue, wheatgrasses and lespedeza shall not exceed 150 

per pound.

In smooth bromegrass, fescues, orchardgrass, wheatgrasses, and chaffy range grasses, hairy chess 

or cheat shall not exceed 2,500 per pound.

The following weedy Bromus spp. shall be considered as common weeds and collectively 

referred to as "chess": Japanese chess (Bromus japonicus), soft chess (Bromus mollis), and field 

chess (Bromus arvensis).
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 32 -

KENTUCKY

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Johnsongrass and Sorghum almum and perennial 

rhizomatous derivatives of these species

Sorghum halepense, 

Sorghum almum

Moonflower, purple Ipomoea turbinata

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Restricted Limitations

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 256 per pound

Buckhorn plantain Plantago lanceolata 304 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 192 per pound

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 256 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 192 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 192 per pound

Garlic, wild and 

Onion, wild

Allium spp. 96 per pound

Sorrel Rumex acetosella 256 per pound

Agricultural seed shall be labeled to show the name and number per pound of noxious-weed seeds, 

except that the sale of agricultural seed is prohibited if it contains in excess of the number per pound 

shown or a total of 480 noxious-weed seeds per pound.

Kentucky law prohibits sale of agricultural seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of all 

weed seeds. It requires that no tolerance shall be applied to Prohibited Noxious-Weed Seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 33 -

LOUISIANA

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis 

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium 

Itchgrass or raoulgrass Rottboellia exaltata or

Rottboellia cochinchinensis

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus or

Cyperus esculentus 

Tropical Soda Apple Solanum viarum

Restricted Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound 

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris 200 per pound 

Cheat Bromus secalinus 300 per pound

Chess Bromus commutatus 300 per pound 

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 300 per pound 

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 5 per pound 

Darnel Lolium temulentum 300 per pound 

Dock Rumex spp. 300 per pound 

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound 

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 300 per pound 

Garlic, wild or Onion, wild Allium spp. 9 per pound

Indigo, curly Aeschynomene virginica 300 per pound 

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 100 per pound 

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 100 per pound 

Mexicanweed Caperonia castaneaefolia 300 per pound 

Moonflower, purple Ipomoea turbinata 9 per pound 

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. 18 per pound 

Mustard, wild or Turnip, wild Brassica spp. 300 per pound 

Nightshade, purple Solanum elaeagnifolium 300 per pound 

Onion, wild or Garlic, wild Allium spp. 9 per pound 

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 300 per pound 

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 300 per pound 

Poinsettia, wild Euphorbia or Euphorbia heterophylla 18 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 100 per pound 

Rice, red Oryza sativa var. 9 per pound 

Sesbania, hemp Sesbania exaltata 300 per pound 

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 300 per pound 

Spearhead Rhynchospora spp. 5 per pound 

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound 

Turnip, wild or Mustard, wild Brassica spp. 300 per pound 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

LOUISIANA - continued

- 34 -

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of the seeds or bulblets of 

noxious weeds that are present. 

Louisiana seed law prohibits the sale of seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds. Of the 

remaining listed noxious-weed seeds, the sum total shall not exceed 500 per pound, subject to the 

above limitations. 

No agricultural or vegetable seed containing in excess of 2.5 percent of total weed seed shall be sold, 

offered for sale, or exposed for sale. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 35 -

MAINE

Primary

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Nutgrass Cyperus esculentus

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Woundwort Stachys palustris

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale or expose for sale any agricultural or 

vegetable seed within this State containing primary noxious-weed seeds.

Secondary

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

The label for agricultural seed shall show the same name and approximate number of each kind of 

secondary noxious-weed seed present:

Per ounce in Agrostis spp., Poa spp., rhodesgrass, Bermudagrass, timothy, orchardgrass, fescues, 

alsike and white clover, reed canary grass, dallisgrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red clover, 

sweetclovers, lespedezas, smooth brome, crimson clover, Brassica spp., flax, Agropyron spp., and 

other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group; and 

Per pound in proso, sudangrass, wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghum, vetches, and other 

agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or any 

mixtures within this group.

Maine law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed if noxious-weed seeds are present 

singly or collectively in excess of 500 per pound. 

Maine law prohibits the sale of "lawn grass seed" or "lawn seed mixture" containing in excess of 1.5 

percent by weight of weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 36 -

MARYLAND

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia

Sorghum species which includes Johnsongrass and 

hybrids that contain Johnsongrass as a parent, and any 

other kinds of grass that produce seed which cannot 

be distinguished readily from Johnsongrass seed

Sorghum spp., Sorghum halepense

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, plumeless which includes musk thistle and 

curly thistle

Carduus spp.

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma 

Maryland law prohibits the sale of agricultural, lawn and turf, vegetable, flower, tree, or shrub seed 

consisting of or containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds. A tolerance may not be allowed for 

prohibited seed. 

Restricted Noxious-Weed Seed in agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree and shrub seed

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata

Bermudagrass or 

Giant bermudagrass 

Cynodon dactylon

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Onion, wild Allium canadense

The label shall show the name and number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seeds per ounce 

in group 1 and per pound in group 2, when present singly or collectively in any amounts whatsoever 

- provided, however, that the amount does not exceed 16 per ounce in group 1 and 16 per pound in 

group 2.

Group 1: Agropyron spp., Agrostis spp., alfalfa, Bermudagrass, Brassica spp., orchardgrass, alsike 

and white clover, crimson clover, dallisgrass, fescues, flax, foxtail millet, lespedezas, Poa

spp., red clover, reed canarygrass, rhodesgrass, ryegrass, sweetclover, smooth brome, 

timothy, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this 

group.

Group 2: Barley, buckwheat, oats, proso, rye, sorghum, sudangrass, vetches, wheat, and other 

agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or 

any mixtures within this group.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MARYLAND - continued

Restricted Noxious-Weed Seed in agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree and shrub seed

- 37 -

The sale of any agricultural, vegetable, flower, and tree or shrub seed containing in excess of 2.5 

percent by weight of all weed seed is prohibited.

Restricted Noxious-Weed Seed in Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixtures

Except as provided below, seed of the following plants shall be restricted noxious-weed seed and 

shall be listed on the tag or label under the heading "Noxious-Weed Seed" or "Undesirable Grass 

Seed" by name and number per pound or ounce when present in bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, 

chewings fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties of named turf-type tall fescue, varieties of 

perennial ryegrass, or a mixture containing any of these grasses:

Bentgrass, (Colonial, creeping, velvet) Agrostis spp. 1/

Bermudagrass, (common and giant) Cynodon dactylon

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis 1/

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis 1/

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea 1/

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea 1/

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

Restricted noxious-weed seed set forth above may not exceed 0.5 percent by weight.

If included on the tag or label, seed designated as noxious-weed seed in other States shall be 

listed under the heading "Noxious-Weed Seed" or "Undesirable Grass Seed."

The restricted noxious-weed seed set forth above may not apply to grasses or mixtures clearly 

labeled for:

 

1/ May be included as a labeled component of a mixture when each is present in excess of 5 percent, 

by weight of the mixture.

A. Pasture;

B. Forage;

C. Hay;

D. Conservation; or

E. Spoil bank reclamation usage.

Total weed seed, including lawn and turf restricted noxious-weed seed may not exceed 1 percent 

by weight.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 38 -

MASSACHUSETTS

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Massachusetts’s law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed 

containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild and wild onion Allium spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustards, wild - limited to:

 India mustard,

 Charlock or wild mustard, and

 Black mustard

Brassica spp. - limited to:

 Brassica juncea

 Brassica arvensis, and

 Brassica nigra

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

when present in agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed under the heading: Restricted 

Noxious-weed Seed or Noxious-weed Seed.

Massachusetts’s law prohibits the sale of any agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed 

containing in excess of 1 percent of all weed seeds. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 39 -

MICHIGAN

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis 

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium 

Dodder Cuscuta species

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Johnsongrass including sorghum almum and seed 

which cannot be readily distinguished from 

Johnsongrass

Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris 

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Morning glory Ipomoea species

Nutsedge, yellow (both seed and tubers) Cyperus esculentus

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris 

Quackgrass Agropyron repens = Elytrigia repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Bull Cirsium vulgare

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, Plumeless Carduus acanthoides 

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma 

Whitetop 

= hoary cress 

= perennial peppergrass 

Cardaria draba 

The sale of primary noxious-weed seed, or the sale of agricultural seed containing primary noxiousweed seeds is unlawful.

Restricted

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Charlock Sinapis arvensis 

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

Dock, curled Rumex crispus 

Fanweed Thlaspi arvense

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium 

Mustard, black Brassica nigra 

Mustard, Indian Brassica juncea

Nightshade complex, including all of the following Solanum species and any other species with 

indistinguishable seed: 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MICHIGAN - continued

Restricted

- 40 -

Nightshade, bitter 

Nightshade, black 

Nightshade, Eastern black 

Nightshade, silverleaf = purple nightshade

Nightshade, hairy

Solanum dulcamara 

Solanum nigrum

Solanum ptycanthum

Solanum elaeagnifolium

Solanum sarrachoides 

Oat, wild Avena fatua 

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Labeling for agricultural, vegetable, flower, and herb seeds shall show the name and number per 

pound of restricted noxious-weed seeds present except that buckhorn and yellow rocket must be 

shown on the label only when in excess of 90 seeds per pound.

Michigan law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, and herb seeds if restricted 

noxious-weed seeds are present in excess of one seed to 2,000 seeds of the seed being considered 

except that for buckhorn and yellow rocket the ratio shall be 1 to 1,000 seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 41 -

MINNESOTA

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Hemp Cannabis sativa

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Peppergrass, perennial Lepidium draba 

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Minnesota law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Frenchweed Thlaspi arvense

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica arvensis

Nightshade, eastern black Solanum ptycanthum

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Agricultural seeds shall be labeled to show the name and number of each kind of restricted noxiousweed seeds per pound.

The sale of agricultural seed is prohibited if it contains restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of 25 

seeds per pound.

Minnesota law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing in excess of 1 percent by weight of 

all weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 42 -

MISSISSIPPI

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp.

Nutgrass Cyperus esculentus or

Cyperus rotundus

Tropical Soda Apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted Allowed per pound

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 2 1/

Bermudagrass Cynodon spp. 100

Cheat and Chess Bromus secalinus and Bromus commutatus 144

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 2 1/

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 100

Darnel Lolium temulentum 54

Dock and sorrel Rumex spp. 100

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 54

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 54

Garlic, wild and Onion, wild Allium spp. 5 1/

Allium spp. when sold in mixed wheat 27 1/

Johnsongrass and sorghum almum 

and perennial rhizomatous 

derivatives of these

Sorghum halepense 54

Moonflower, purple Ipomoea turbinata 2 1/

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. 9

Ipomoea spp. when sold in a wildlife reseeding 

soybean or wildlife mixture

27

Mustards, wild and Turnips, wild Brassica spp. 54

Plantain, bracted and 

Plantain, buckhorn 

Plantago spp. 100

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens 54

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 18

Rice, red Oryza spp. 1 1/

Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia 5

Sorrel and dock Rumex spp. 100

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 27

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 54

Turnips, wild and Mustards, wild Brassica spp. 54

 

1/ No tolerance applied by Mississippi
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MISSISSIPPI - continued

- 43 -

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of "restricted" noxious-weed 

seed.

Agricultural or vegetable seed that contain in excess of a sum total of 200 noxious-weed seed per 

pound (subject to above limitations) is prohibited from sale in Mississippi.

The sale of agricultural seed containing any "prohibited" noxious-weed seeds is unlawful.

Mississippi prohibits the sale of seed which contain more than 1 percent by weight of weed seed 

including noxious-weed seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 44 -

MISSOURI

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis 

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum 

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans 

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, or expose for sale any agricultural or 

vegetable seed within this State containing prohibited weed seeds. 

Restricted

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium 

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 

Docks Rumex spp.

Dodders Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 

Garlic, wild Allium vineale 

Hoarycress Cardaria draba 

Moonflower, purple Calonyction muricatum 

Nightshade, Eastern black Solanum ptycanthum 

Oat, slender Avena barbata 

Oats, wild Avena fatua 

Onion, wild Allium canadense 

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 

Sorrel, red Rumex acetosella 

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula 

Star thistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis 

Thistle, Russian Salsola pestifer 

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, or expose for sale within this State any 

agricultural or vegetable seed containing:

A. Noxious-weed seeds in excess of 0.50 percent;

B. More than 2 percent by weight of weed seed except for smooth brome (bromegrass), 

orchardgrass, and fescue, which may not exceed 3 percent. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MISSOURI - continued

- 45 -

The label for agricultural seeds shall show noxious-weed seed content as follows:

Noxious-weed seed contents in excess of that allowed by paragraphs A, B, C, and D must be named 

by their common name and the number per pound.

A. Eighty seeds or bulblets per pound, or 18 per 100 grams, of Agrostis species, Poa species, 

Bermudagrass, timothy, orchardgrass, fescues (except meadow and tall fescues), alsike and white 

clover, reed canarygrass, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures 

within this group; 

B. Forty-eight seeds or bulblets per pound, or 11 per 100 grams, of meadow and tall fescues, millets, 

alfalfa, red clover, ryegrasses, sweetclovers, lespedezas, smooth brome, crimson clover, rape, 

Agropyron species, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within 

this group, or of this group with group A above;

C. Sixteen seeds or bulblets per pound, or 4 per 100 grams, of vetches, sudangrass, and other 

agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures not specified in groups A, B, or D of 

this section; 

D. Five seeds or bulblets per pound, or 1 per 100 grams, of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, 

sorghums (except sudangrass), soybeans, cowpeas, and other agricultural seeds of a size and 

weight similar to or greater than those within this group. 

If noxious-weed seeds are not present in excess of the number prescribed in paragraphs A, B, C, and 

D above, then there shall be shown on the label or tag under "noxious weeds" either the name and 

number of each kind of noxious-weed seeds present per pound, or per 100 grams, as may be the case, 

or the words "not in excess of ____________," and in the blank to be inserted the maximum number 

permitted in paragraphs A, B, C, or D. 

Up to 144 seeds of giant foxtail per pound of lespedeza or 32 seeds of giant foxtail per 100 grams of 

lespedeza may be present, and the labeling "not in excess of __________," and in the blank to be 

inserted the number allowed by paragraphs A, B, C, and D above for noxious-weed seeds other than 

giant foxtail.

The word "none," if shown on the label or tag under "noxious-weed," shall be construed as meaning 

that no noxious-weed seeds are present. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 46 -

MONTANA

Prohibited

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Buttercup, tall Ranunculus acris

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Blueweed Echium vulgare

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum or leucanthemum vulgare

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale 

Iris, yellowflag Iris pseudacorus

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe or maculosa 

Knotweed complex, Japanese Polygonum spp.

Hawkweed complex, meadow Hieracium spp.

Hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum 

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum spp.

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Pondweed, curlyleaf Potamogeton crispus

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobea

Rush, flowering Butomus umbellatus

Scotchbroom Cytisus scoparius

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum 

Skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea 

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula 

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Saltcedar Tamarix spp.

Tansy, Common Tanacetum vulgare

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Watermilfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum

Whitetop Cardaria draba

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

Montana law prohibits the sale or transportation of agricultural, vegetable, or flower seeds containing 

"prohibited" noxious-weed seeds. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MONTANA - continued

- 47 -

Restricted

Darnel, Persian Lolium persicum 9 per pound of grass seed

0 per pound of all other seed

Dock, curly Rumex crispus 45 per pound 

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 9 per pound 

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica 0 per pound 

Oat, wild Avena fatua 45 per pound of grass seed 

5 per pound of all other seed

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 0 per pound

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis 0 per pound

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris 0 per pound

Labeling for agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed must show the name and approximate number 

of restricted noxious-weed seeds per pound. 

Montana law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed containing:

A. Restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of the indicated limitation;

B. In excess of 2 percent by weight of weed seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 48 -

NEBRASKA

Primary

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knotweed, giant Fallopia sachalinensis

Knotweed, Japanese Fallopia japonica

Lespedeza, sericea Lespedeza cuneata

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Reed, common or 

Phragmites

Phragmites australis spp. australis

Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Nebraska law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed consisting of or containing primary noxiousweed seeds, with no tolerance allowed.

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bursage, skeletonleaf Ambrosia discolor 1/

Bursage, woollyleaf Ambrosia tomentosa 1/

Hoarycress Cardaria draba 1/

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Morning glory Ipomoea purpurea (field crops only) 1/

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Nebraska law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed consisting of or containing prohibited noxiousweed seeds, subject to recognized tolerances.

The Nebraska lab reports all bur-sage (Ambrosia spp.) as noxious even though the Nebraska law is 

not that inclusive. 

 

1/ Nebraska law requires that in all sampling conducted by the laboratory, the official report shall 

include the seed of globe-podded hoary cress (Hymenophysa pubescens), lens-podded hoary cress 

(Lepidium draba var. repens), all bursage (Ambrosia species), and all morning glory (Ipomoea

species when found in field crop seed) within the definition of prohibited noxious-weed seed and the 

classification shall be as prohibited noxious-weed seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEBRASKA - continued

- 49 -

Restricted

Charlock Brassica arvensis 

Dock Rumex spp.

Dock, curled Rumex crispus

Dock, smoothleaf Rumex altissimus

Dock, winged Rumex venosus

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, black Brassica nigra

Mustard, Indian Brassica juncea

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Pennycress Thlaspi arvense

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Rape, bird Brassica campestris

Sorrel, red Rumex acetosella

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

for Agrostis spp., bluegrass, timothy, orchardgrass, fescue, alsike clover, white clover, reed 

canarygrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red clover, sweetclover, lespedeza, smooth brome, 

crimson clover, Brassica spp., flax, wheatgrass, and other agricultural seed of similar size and weight

or mixtures within such groups when present singly or collectively in excess of 18 per pound.

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

for all agricultural seed and mixtures thereof not shown in the preceding paragraph.

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

for all vegetable seed and flower seed.

Agricultural, vegetable, or flower seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of weed seed is 

prohibited for sale except that bluestems, gramas, indiangrass, prairie sandreed and mixtures thereof 

shall not contain in excess of 4 percent weed seed.

The term "dodder" (Cuscuta spp.) shall be interpreted as seed of all species of dodder, when found in 

agricultural seeds.

The term "wild mustard" (Brassica spp.) shall be interpreted as Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), 

Charlock (Brassica arvensis), black mustard (Brassica nigra), bird rape (Brassica campestris), and 

all other members of the Brassica genus when occurring incidentally in agricultural seeds.

The term "dock" (Rumex spp.) shall be interpreted as curled dock (Rumex crispus), smoothleaf dock 

(Rumex altissimus), winged dock (Rumex venosus), red sorrel (Rumex acetosella), and seed of all other 

members of the dock (Rumex) species that may incidentally occur in agricultural seeds.

Nebraska law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing more than 0.5 percent by weight of 

restricted noxious-weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 50 -

NEVADA

Prohibited

Beancaper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago

Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi

Chamomile, Mayweed Anthemis cotula

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta

Cress, hoary Cardaria draba

Crupina, common Crupina vulgaris

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Fountaingrass, green Pennisetum setaceum

Goat’s-rue Galega officinalis

Goatgrass, barb Aegilops triuncialis

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum

Hemlock, water Cicuta maculata

Henbane, black Hysocyamus niger

Horsenettle, Carolina Solanum carolinense

Horsenettle, white Solanum elaeagnifolium

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Klamathweed Hypericum perforatum

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea virgata

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria, Lythrum virgatum and their cultivars

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Mustard, Sahara Brassica tournefortii

Peaweed, Austrian Sphaerophysa salsula

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Reed, giant Arundo donax

Rue, African Peganum harmala

Sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis

Saltcedar (Tamarisk) Tamarix spp.

Salvinia, giant Salvinia molesta

Skeletonweed, Rush Chondrilla juncea

Sorghum, perennial including, but 

not limited to, Johnsongrass, 

Sorghum almum, and perennial 

sweet sudangrass

Sorghum spp.

Sowthistle Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEVADA - continued

- 51 -

Starthistle, Malta Centaurea melitensis

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Water-milfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum

Whitetop or hoary cress Cardaria chalepensis or

Cardaria draba or

Cardaria pubescens

Woad, Dyer’s Isatis tinctoria

Nevada law prohibits the sale of agricultural, flower, vegetable, or tree and shrub seeds consisting of 

or containing any of the above noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis or

Digitaria ischaemum

Dock, curly Rumex crispus

Dodder, all species Cuscuta spp.

Mustard, wild

(Charlock)

Brassica kaber 

Pennycress

(Fanweed)

Thlaspi arvense

Sandbur, field Cenchrus pauciflorus

Agricultural seed, including lawn or turf seed mixtures, shall be labeled to show the name and 

number per pound of each restricted noxious-weed seed present. Agricultural, flower, vegetable, or 

tree and shrub seed containing in excess of 27 per pound of restricted noxious-weed seeds, singly or 

collectively, is prohibited from sale.

Nevada has a limitation on the percent by weight of all weed seed that may be found in agricultural 

seed. The amount is 1.5 percent by weight in agricultural, vegetable, herb, flower, tree or shrub seed. 

Anyone shipping seed into Nevada should obtain a copy of the Nevada State law and regulations for 

guidance in labeling seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 52 -

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Prohibited

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

New Hampshire law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed 

containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Nutsedge 

(Nutgrass) 

Cyperus esculentus

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris

New Hampshire law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed 

containing in excess of 2.5 percent of all weed seed.

The label of agricultural seed shall show the name and the rate of occurrence per pound of each kind 

of restricted noxious-weed seed. 

For cool season lawn and turf grasses including Kentucky bluegrass, red fescue, chewings fescue, 

hard fescue, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass, annual ryegrass, colonial 

bentgrass, creeping bentgrass, and mixtures thereof:

Percentage by weight of each agricultural seed component in excess of 5 percent of the whole, and 

the percentage by weight of pure seed in order of its predominance and in columnar form.

Noxious weeds and undesirable grass seed that are required to be labeled will be listed under the 

heading “Noxious-weed Seeds” or “Undesirable Grass Seeds.” Undesirable grass seeds may not 

exceed 0.5 percent by weight.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 53 -

NEW JERSEY

Prohibited weed seed

The prohibited noxious-weed seeds shall be the seeds of the following plants:

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

No prohibited noxious-weed seed shall be allowed in agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree, shrub or 

lawn and turf seed. A seed lot containing prohibited noxious-weed seed shall be in violation of the 

New Jersey Seed Law.

Restricted weed seed in agricultural, vegetable, flower, or shrub seed

The restricted noxious-weed seeds shall be the seeds of the following plants when occurring in 

agricultural, vegetable, flower, or shrub seed and mixtures of such seed:

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon

Bur cucumber Sicyos angulatus

Cheat Bromus secalinus

Cockle, corn Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Johnsongrass, perennial sweet 

sudangrass, sorghum almum, and 

hybrids derived therefrom

Sorghum spp. perennial

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida

Restricted noxious-weed seed present in a seed lot shall be listed on the label under the heading 

"Noxious-weed seed." The name and number of seed per pound or ounce shall be declared. No

deviation from the labeled amount shall be allowed for a seed lot containing restricted noxious-weed 

seed. The terms "Free" and "None" shall mean that no noxious-weed seed was found in a test 

conducted using methods established by the Association of Official Seed Analysts.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEW JERSEY - continued

- 54 -

Restricted weed seed in lawn and turf seed and mixtures

Seeds of the following plants shall be considered restricted noxious weeds and shall be listed on the 

tag or label under the heading "Undesirable grass seed" or "Noxious-weed seed" by name and 

number per pound or ounce when present in lawn grasses:

Bermudagrass Cynodon spp.

Annual bluegrass Poa annua

Rough bluegrass Poa trivialis

Bentgrass (including, but not limited to 

creeping, colonial, velvet, and redtop) 

Agrostis spp. 

Meadow fescue Festuca pratensis

Tall fescue Festuca arundinacea

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

The requirements for restricted weed seed in lawn and turf seed and mixtures shall not apply to the 

seeds of plants of rough bluegrass, bentgrass, meadow fescue, and tall fescue when present in 

amounts of 5 percent or more, by weight, of the mixture.

The total amount of restricted noxious-weed seeds in lawn and turf seed and mixtures shall not 

exceed 0.5 percent by weight. 

The restricted noxious-weed seeds in lawn and turf seed and mixtures shall not apply to grasses or 

mixtures clearly labeled for pasture, forage, hay, conservation, or soil bank reclamation usage.

The label for agricultural seed and mixtures thereof shall show the name and number per pound of 

each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed.

New Jersey law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, tree, shrub, or flower seed:

A. if it contains in excess of 1 percent by weight of all weed seed.

B. if it consists of or contains restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of the number declared on the 

label attached to the seed container or associated with the seed.

C. if the seed or mixture of seed consists of or contains prohibited noxious-weed seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 55 -

NEW MEXICO

Prohibited

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Camelthorn Alhagi camelorum 

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Nutgrass Cyperus esculentus or

Cyperus rotundus

Povertyweed Franseria discolor

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Whitetop Cardaria draba or

Cardaria pubescens

Restricted Limitations

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris 45 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 45 per pound

Goatgrass Aegilops spp. 1 per pound

Horsenettle, white Solanum elaeagnifolium 90 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense and other 

perennial sorghums

45 per pound

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. 45 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua 90 per pound

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each restricted noxious-weed seed present. 

New Mexico law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed that consists of or contains:

A. Prohibited noxious-weed seed;

B. Restricted noxious-weed seed in excess of the maximum amount shown above;

C. In excess of 2.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 56 -

NEW YORK

Restricted

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua (in lawn seed) 1/

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens 

Onion, wild Allium canadense or

Allium vineale

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

The label for agricultural seed or mixtures thereof shall show the name and number of seeds per 

pound of each kind of noxious-weed seed present.

The commissioner or his authorized agents may remove from further sale or prohibit from sale:

- Wheat, oat, rye, barley, and other seeds of similar size or larger containing noxious-weed seeds at 

a rate of 10 or more per pound.

- Seeds of grasses, small seeded legumes, and all other seeds smaller in size than wheat containing 

noxious-weed seeds at a rate of 100 or more per pound.

New York law prohibits the sale of any seed for planting purposes containing more than 1 percent by 

weight of all weed seeds, except that Japanese and Hungarian millet, smooth brome, Colonial 

bentgrass, redtop, and Kentucky bluegrass seed may not contain in excess of 2 percent weed seed.

 

1/ Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) seeds are considered noxious-weed seeds when present in 

lawn seeds, unless listed as a kind of seed and the percentages of pure seed and germination are 

given.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 57 -

NORTH CAROLINA

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Crotalaria, showy Crotalaria spectabilis

Crotalaria, smooth Crotalaria pallida

Itchgrass Rottboellia cochinchinensis

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Witchweed Striga asiatica

North Carolina law prohibits the sale of any agricultural or vegetable seed containing any prohibited 

noxious-weed seeds.

Limitations

Restricted (Seeds per pound)

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata 4 

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 27 

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis 27 

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium 27 

Cockle, corn Agrostemma githago 10 

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 4 

Cornflower Centaurea cyanus 27 

Dock, broadleaf Rumex obtusifolius 54 

Dock, curly Rumex crispus 54 

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 54 

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 54 

Garlic, wild Allium spp. - small grains or larger seeds: 4 bulblets

Allium spp. - grasses and small seeded legumes: 27 bulblets

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 54 

Morning-glory Ipomoea spp. 8 

Mustard, wild (et al.) Brassica spp. 54 

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus 27 (or 2 tubers)

Nutsedge, purple Cyperus rotundus 27 (or 2 tubers)

Onion, wild Allium spp. - small grains or larger seeds: 4 bulblets

Allium spp. - grasses and small seeded legumes: 27 bulblets

Panicum, Texas Panicum texanum 27 

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 54 

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 54 

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens 54 

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 12 

Sandbur Cenchrus spp. 4 

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia 4 

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 4 

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 27

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti 4 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NORTH CAROLINA – continued

- 58 -

When restricted noxious-weed seeds are present in agricultural seed, the name of the weed seed 

and the number per pound shall be stated on the seed tag or label.

North Carolina law prohibits the sale of any agricultural seed containing in excess of:

A. 144 noxious-weed seeds per pound, occurring singly or in any combination;

B. 1 percent by weight of weed seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 59 -

NORTH DAKOTA

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Cress, hoary Lepidium chalepense

Hemp Cannabis sativa

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens 

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe L. subsp. micranthos

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, Yellow Centaurea solstitialis - zero tolerance is applied

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Wormwood, absinthe Artemisia absinthium

The sale of seed that contains any of the prohibited noxious-weed seeds is unlawful. 

Restricted

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Dodder Cuscuta spp., except coryli

Oat, wild Avena fatua 

Quackgrass Elymus repens subsp. repens 

The label for agricultural or vegetable seeds shall show the name and rate of occurrence per pound of 

each kind of restricted noxious-weed seeds present, if the restricted noxious-weed seeds are present:

A. In seeds of grasses and small seeded legumes, in excess of 13 seeds per pound, and 

B. In other agricultural seeds including the cereals, oil seed crops, millets, and seeds of similar 

size, in excess of five seeds per pound. 

Percentage by weight of all weed seeds shall not exceed 1 percent. 

The maximum number of restricted noxious-weed seeds allowed in a seed lot is 25 per pound.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 60 -

OHIO

Prohibited

Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri

Ballcress or Whitetop, hairy Lepidium appelianum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium = Convolvulus sepium

Columbus grass Sorghum × almum

Hoarycress, heart-podded Lepidium draba sub. draba

Hogweed, giant Heracleum mantegazzianum 

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens = Centaurea picris

Kochia Bassia scoparia 

Kochia, forage Bassia prostrata 

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens = Agropyron repens

Shatter cane Sorghum bicolor

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Ohio law prohibits the sale of any agricultural, flower, or vegetable seed containing prohibited noxiousweed seeds.

Restricted

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Daisy, Oxeye Leucanthemum vulgare

Dock, curly Rumex crispus

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

French weed Thlaspi arvense

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica arvensis or

Brassica kaber = Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Poison-Hemlock Conium maculatum

Ohio law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing more than 0.25 percent by weight of 

restricted noxious-weed seeds or bulblets, or more than 2.5 percent of all weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

OHIO - continued

- 61 -

The label for agricultural seed shall show the name and number of each kind of restricted noxiousweed seed or bulblet per ounce in groups A and B, and per pound in group C when present in excess 

of:

A. One seed or bulblet in each 10 grams of timothy, redtop, tall meadow oatgrass, orchardgrass, 

crested dogtail, Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, fescues, smooth brome, perennial and 

Italian ryegrass, western ryegrass, crimson clover, red clover, white clover, alsike clover, 

sweetclover, alfalfa, and all other grasses and clovers not otherwise classified;

B. One seed or bulblet in each 50 grams of millet, rape, flax, sudangrass, and other seed not 

specified in groups A or C;

C. One seed or bulblet in each 200 grams of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, vetches, and 

other seed as large or larger than wheat.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 62 -

OKLAHOMA

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris 

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus

Oat, wild Avena fatua, Avena sterilis, and other wild 

noncultivated Avena spp. (in wheat only).

Poppy, red horned Glaucium corniculatum

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Whitetop or 

Hoary cress

Cardaria draba

Yerba De Tajo Eclipta alba

Restricted Limitations

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 9 per pound

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium 27 per pound

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris 45 per pound

Buckwheat, wild Polygonum convolvulus 18 per pound

Cheat or chess Bromus secalinus 200 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 3 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 45 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 90 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 90 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 90 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 54 per pound

Garlic, wild or Onion, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica 5 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 90 per pound

Johnsongrass (Except Johnsongrass 

will be permitted in Yellow bluestem, 

Caucasian bluestem, and chaffy 

grasses not to exceed 300 per pound) 

Sorghum halepense 45 per pound

Lespedeza, Sericea Lespedeza cuneata 9 per pound

Moonflower or 

Morningglory, giant

Calonyction muricatum 5 per pound

Morningglory, wild Ipomoea purpurea 27 per pound

Mustard, wild Brassica spp. 45 per pound

Nightshade, purple Solanum elaeagnifolium 90 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua, Avena sterilis, and 

other wild noncultivated Avena spp. 

(Except in Wheat).

9 per pound

Onion, wild or Garlic, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 45 per pound
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

OKLAHOMA - continued

Restricted - continued

- 63 -

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 90 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 45 per pound

Sorrel, sheep or Sorrel, red Rumex acetosella 90 per pound

Sum total noxious weeds (subject to above limitations) shall not exceed 200 per pound (except in 

Yellow bluestem, Caucasian bluestem, and chaffy grasses. The sum total noxious weeds shall 

not exceed 500 per pound).

The name and number of noxious-weed seeds per pound must be shown on the label when 

present in any amount, subject to the limitations above.

Oklahoma law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing in excess of 2 percent weed 

seeds, except for certain grasses and special seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 64 -

OREGON

Prohibited

Bindweed or Morningglory, wild Convolvulus arvensis

Camelthorn Alhagi camelorum 

Creeper, bearded Crupina vulgaris

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops spp.

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarerose Centaurea virgata 

Morningglory, wild or Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Peaweed, Austrian Sphaerophysa salsula

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea

Skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica

Starthistle, Malta Centaurea melitensis

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, Italian Carduus pycnocephalus

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, slenderflower Carduus tenuiflorus

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica 

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Whitetop Cardaria draba var. or

Cardaria pubescens

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

Oregon law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seeds containing any prohibited noxiousweed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

OREGON - continued

- 65 -

Restricted Limitations 

Bedstraw Galium tricorne 45 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 9 per pound

Goatweed or St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum 180 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 5 per pound 

Medusahead, rye Elymus caput-medusae 45 per pound

Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia 18 per pound

St. Johnswort or Goatweed Hypericum perforatum 180 per pound

The label for agricultural and vegetable seed shall show the name and number per pound of each 

kind of restricted noxious-weed seed. 

Oregon law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seeds containing restricted noxiousweed seeds in excess of the amounts indicated.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 66 -

PENNSYLVANIA

Prohibited in all seeds

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Goatsrue Galega officinalis

Hogweed, giant Heracleum mantegazzianum

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium

Johnsongrass and seeds indistinguishable 

from johnsongrass seeds

Sorghum halepense

Kudzu-vine Pueraria lobata

Loosestrife and cultivars, purple Lythrum salicaria

Marijuana Cannabis sativa

Mile-a-minute Polygonum perfoliatum

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Rose, multiflora Rosa multiflora

Shattercane Sorghum bicolor

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Pennsylvania law prohibits the sale of seed containing any of the above weed seeds.

Restricted in agricultural seeds

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale 1/

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica juncea or 

Brassica nigra or 

Brassica kaber

Onion, wild Allium canadense 1/

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

The label for seeds shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxiousweed seed or bulblet present in groups A and B below.

It is unlawful to sell or offer for sale agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed which contains noxiousweed seeds in excess of one seed or bulblet, singly or collectively, in each 5 grams (approximately 

90 seeds per pound) of group A and in each 100 grams (approximately 5 seeds per pound) in group B 

except in the case of buckhorn plantain where not more than 5 seeds shall be allowed in 5 grams 

(approximately 450 seeds per pound) of group A and 5 seeds in 100 grams (approximately 25 seeds 

per pound) of group B.

 

1/ Seed wheat is not permitted to contain bulblets of wild garlic or wild onion - equivalent to 

zero bulblets per pound.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

PENNSYLVANIA - continued

- 67 -

A. Agrostis spp., Bermudagrass, timothy, orchardgrass, fescues, alsike and white clover, reed 

canarygrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red clover, sweetclover, lespedezas, smooth 

brome, tall oatgrass, crimson clover, Brassica spp., flax, Agropyron spp., and other seeds of 

similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group.

B. Wheat, sudangrass, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums, vetches, and other seeds of a size 

and weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or any mixtures within this 

group.

Pennsylvania law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, tree, shrub, or flower seed containing 

in excess of 1 percent by weight of all weed seeds.

Restricted noxious-weed seeds must be listed on the label under the heading "Noxious-weed Seeds."

Restricted (Undesirable Grass Seeds) in lawn and turf seeds

Bentgrass (creeping, colonial, velvet) Agrostis spp.

Bermudagrass Cynodon spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

Undesirable grass seeds shall be listed on the label under the heading "Undesirable Grass Seeds" 

by name and number per pound when present in bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Chewings 

fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties of named turf type tall fescue, varieties of perennial 

ryegrass, or mixtures containing these grasses.

This restriction shall not apply to grasses or mixtures clearly labeled for pasture, forage, hay, 

conservation or spoil bank reclamation usages, or when the seeds are present in excess of 5 

percent of the whole and the label contains the information required of lawn or turf grasses and 

mixtures. 

Undesirable grass seeds shall not exceed 0.5 percent by weight. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 68 -

RHODE ISLAND

Prohibited

Bindweed Convolvulus spp.

Nutgrass Cyperus spp.

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Restricted

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

The label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed: 

A. Per ounce in Agrostis spp., Poa spp., timothy, orchardgrass, fescues, alsike and white 

clover, reed canarygrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red clover, sweetclovers, 

lespedezas, smooth brome, crimson clover, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and 

weight, or mixtures within this group; and 

B. Per pound in sudangrass, wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums, vetches, and other 

agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than those in this group, or any 

mixtures within this group.

Rhode Island law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, or lawn seed containing any primary 

noxious-weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 69 -

SOUTH CAROLINA

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Itchgrass Rottboellia exaltata

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma 

Witchweed Striga asiatica

Restricted Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 200 per pound

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 200 per pound

Cheat or Chess Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

200 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 1 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 200 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 200 per pound

Docks Rumex spp. 100 per pound

Dodders Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 200 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 10 per pound 

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris 100 per pound

Moonflower, purple Calonyction muricatum 9 per pound

Mustard, wild or turnips, wild Brassica spp. 50 per pound

Nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium 200 per pound

Oats, wild Avena fatua 50 per pound

Onion, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 200 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 200 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 100 per pound

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 50 per pound 

Rice, red Oryza sativa var. 200 per pound

Sandbur Cenchrus pauciflorus 1 per pound

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum 10 per pound 

Sorgrass Sorghum spp. 10 per pound 

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 100 per pound

Sudangrass, and sorghum 

perennial sweet-type 

Sorghum spp. 10 per pound 

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 27 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

Turnips, wild or Mustard, wild Brassica spp. 50 per pound
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SOUTH CAROLINA - continued

- 70 -

The label shall show the name and number per ounce or per pound of all noxious-weed seeds present 

in agricultural seed.

The single limitation listed above is the maximum number allowable for that weed seed, with not 

over 200 total noxious-weed seeds singly or collectively in any combination.

Agricultural seeds will be prohibited from sale when such seeds contain more than 2 percent by 

weight of all weed seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 71 -

SOUTH DAKOTA

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Cress, hoary Cardaria draba

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula and

Euphorbia pseudovirgata

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvensis

Restricted

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Mustard, wild Brassica kaber or

Brassica juncea or

Brassica nigra

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Pennycress, field Thlaspi arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Each label of agricultural seed shall show the name and rate of occurrence of each kind of restricted 

noxious-weed seed present.

Agricultural and vegetable seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of weed seed is 

prohibited from sale, except that the following grasses or mixtures thereof shall not contain more 

than 5 percent: bluestems, indiangrass, gramas, and prairie sandreed grasses. 

South Dakota prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed containing or consisting of 

prohibited noxious-weed seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 72 -

TENNESSEE

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis

Itchgrass Rottboellia exaltata

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus or

Cyperus esculentus

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Restricted

Bluegrass, annual (Lawn and turf seed only) Poa annua 300 per pound 

Cheat or 

Chess

Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 2 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 100 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 100 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 100 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 100 per pound

Garlic, wild or 

Onion, wild

Allium spp. 27 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 200 per pound

Mustard, wild or 

Turnips, wild

Brassica spp. 27 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 200 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 100 per pound

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 200 per pound

Thistles, plumeless: includes Musk Thistle, 

Nodding Thistle, and Curled Thistle

Carduus spp. 100 per pound

Turnips, wild or 

Mustard, wild

Brassica spp. 27 per pound

The label shall show the name and rate of occurrence of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

present.

Tennessee law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of 

total weed seed. 

Annual Bluegrass shall be claimed on the label if present in lawn and turf seed such as, bentgrass, 

Kentucky bluegrass, chewings fescue, red fescue, hard fescue, varieties of perennial ryegrass, 

varieties of turf type tall fescue, and/or mixtures containing these grasses.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

TENNESSEE - continued

- 73 -

Tennessee law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed that contain in excess of a sum total of 300 

restricted noxious-weed seed per pound (subject to above limitations).

Exceptions:

A. Crimson clover may contain 100 Brassica spp. seed per pound.

B. ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue may contain a sum total of 500 restricted noxious-weed seed per 

pound. However, maximum limitations for each kind remain the same. 

C. Black soybeans used for hay purposes may contain two sicklepod per pound.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 74 -

TEXAS

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Castor Ricinus communis

Cocklebur Xanthium spp.

Itchgrass Rottboellia cochinchinensis

Nutsedge Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus

Nutsedge tuber Cyperus spp.

Tropical Soda Apple Solanum viarum (Dunal)

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon name and number 

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 1/ name and number

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 100 per pound

Carrot, wild Daucus carota 300 per pound

Cheat or 

Chess

Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 300 per pound

Darnel and/or

Ryegrass, Persian

Lolium temulentum

Lolium persicum

300 per pound

Dock and Sorrel Rumex spp. 300 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 100 per pound

Garlic, wild and/or

Onion, wild

Allium spp. 100 per pound

Goatgrass Aegilops spp. 20 per pound

Horsenettle and

Nightshade, purple

Solanum carolinense

Solanum elaeagnifolum

300 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense name and number 

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 100 per pound

Maypop or Passionflower Passiflora incarnata name and number

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. name and number 

Mustard, common giant Rapistrum rugosum 300 per pound

Mustards, wild and

Turnips, wild

Brassica and

Sinapis spp.

300 per pound

Nightshade, purple and

Horsenettle

Solanum elaeagnifolium

Solanum carolinense

300 per pound

Oat, feral and/or 

Oat, wild

Avena spp. (feral oat)

Avena fatua (L.)

300 per pound

 

1/ Annual bluegrass seeds are considered noxious-weed seed when present in lawn and turf seed 

such as perennial ryegrass, turf type tall fescue, chewings fescue, rough bluegrass, turf type 

annual ryegrass, and/or a mixture containing these grasses.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

TEXAS - continued

- 75 -

Oat, wild and/or 

Oat, feral 

Avena fatua (L.)

Avena spp. (feral oat)

300 per pound

Onion, wild and/or

Garlic, wild

Allium spp. 100 per pound

Passionflower or Maypop Passiflora incarnata name and number

Plantain, bracted and

Plantain, buckhorn

Plantago aristata and

Plantago lanceolata

300 per pound

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris 300 per pound

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens 100 per pound

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 100 per pound

Rice, Red Oryza sativa var. 1 per pound

Ryegrass, Persian and/or

Darnel

Lolium persicum

Lolium temulentum

300 per pound

Sorrel and dock Rumex spp. 300 per pound

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 100 per pound

Thistle, blessed milk Silybum marianum 20 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

Turnips, wild and

Mustards, wild

Brassica and Sinapis spp. 300 per pound

The label for agricultural seed, regardless of size of container, and vegetable seed in containers of 

one pound or more shall show the rate per pound of restricted noxious-weed seeds.

If bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) or giant bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) occurs in excess of 5 

percent of the whole by weight, its presence therein must be indicated as an agricultural seed on the 

labeling of such seed. When either bermudagrass or giant bermudagrass is considered an agricultural 

seed, the seed of the other kind, if present shall also be classified as an agricultural seed and must 

meet the requirements for labeling of agricultural seed.

Johnsongrass includes sorghum almum (Sorghum almum) and all seeds indistinguishable from 

Johnsongrass. If Johnsongrass occurs in excess of 5 percent of the whole by weight, its presence 

therein must be indicated as an agricultural seed on the labeling of such seed. 

Texas law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds or 

tubers.

Texas law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing any combination of restricted noxiousweed seeds in any combination in excess of 500 per pound except that annual bluegrass, 

bermudagrass, giant bermudagrass, Johnsongrass, and morningglory are exempt from the total count.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 76 -

UTAH

Prohibited

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 1/

Bindweed or 

Morning-glory, Wild

Convolvulus spp.

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta

Daisy, ox-eye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea squarrosa

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae 

Peppergrass, broad-leaved or Whitetop, tall Lepidium latifolium

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima

Sorghum spp., perennial including but not 

limited to Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) 

and Sorghum almum (Sorghum almum)

Sorghum spp.

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, cotton or 

Thistle, Scotch 

Onopordum acanthium

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaria

Whitetop Cardaria spp.

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria 

 

1/ Except in Washington County.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

UTAH - continued

- 77 -

Restricted noxious-weed seeds

Utah law restricts “Restricted” noxious-weed seeds to 27 seeds per pound, singly or in combination. 

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Povertyweed Iva axillaris

In agricultural seeds and in vegetable seeds in containers of more than 1 pound, the labels shall show 

the name and rate of occurrence per pound of each kind of noxious-weed seed for which tolerance is 

permitted.

It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to sell, offer or expose for sale, or distribute 

in the State of Utah, any agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree, and shrub seeds for seeding purposes 

which:

A. Contain any prohibited noxious-weed seeds, or 

B. Contain more than 27 per pound of any of the restricted weed seeds as a single species or in 

combination. The following maximum percentage of weed seeds by weight shall be allowed:

1. Two percent of Cheat (Bromus secalinus), Chess (Bromus brizaformis), (B. commutatus), 

(B. mollis), Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus), and downy brome (Bromus tectorum) 

either as a single species or in combination in grass seeds.

2. One percent of any weed seeds not listed above in grass, flower, tree, and shrub seeds.

3. One-half of 1 percent in all other kinds or types of seeds.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 78 -

VERMONT

Prohibited noxious-weed seeds include, but are not limited to:

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Vermont law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed that (1) consists or contains

prohibited noxious-weed seeds, subject to recognized tolerances, (2) consists of or contains restricted 

noxious-weed seeds per pound in excess of the number prescribed by these rules or in excess of the 

number declared or in excess of the maximum percentage allowed (0.5 percent) for Undesirable 

Grass Seeds on the label attached to the container of the seed or associated seed, or (3) contains more 

than 2.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds.

Restricted noxious-weed seeds include, but are not limited to:

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Onion, wild Allium spp.

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

For agricultural seeds, the label shall contain (1) the percentage by weight of all weed seeds; and (2) 

the name and rate of occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed present.

For cool season lawn and turf grasses including Kentucky bluegrass, red fescue, chewings fescue, 

hard fescue, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass, annual ryegrass, colonial 

bentgrass, creeping bentgrass, and mixtures thereof, (1) the label shall contain the percentage by 

weight of all weed seeds and (2) Noxious weeds and Undesirable Grass Seeds that are required to be 

labeled will be listed under the heading “Noxious Weed Seeds” or “Undesirable Grass Seeds.” 

Undesirable Grass Seeds may not exceed 0.5 percent by weight.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 79 -

VIRGINIA

Prohibited

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis 

Johnsongrass, Sorgrass, Sorghum × almum 

and Sorghum hybrids derived therefrom

Sorghum spp. perennial

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 

Thistle, plumeless, musk, and curled Carduus spp. 

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Virginia law prohibits the sale of:

Agricultural or vegetable seed consisting of or containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Korean lespedeza, orchardgrass (hulled), tall oatgrass, or redtop if it contains more than 1.5 percent 

by weight of weed seeds. 

Any other agricultural or vegetable seed if it contains more than 1 percent by weight of weed seeds.

Restricted

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 4 per ounce or 64 per pound 

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 4 per ounce or 64 per pound 

Garlic, wild and

Onion, wild - bulblets 

Allium spp. 5 per ounce or 80 per pound in orchardgrass;

2 per ounce or 32 per pound in other kinds.

Mustard, wild Brassica spp. and

Sinapis arvensis

5 per ounce or 80 per pound

Radish Raphanus spp. 1 per ounce or 16 per pound

Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis and Brassica spp.) includes all species when occurring incidentally 

in agricultural seed, provided that species listed in regulations of the Virginia seed law may be sold 

as such when labeled as required. 

Virginia law prohibits the sale of agricultural and/or vegetable seed if the number per ounce or per 

pound of restricted noxious-weed seeds exceeds the limitation allowed for each.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

VIRGINIA - continued

- 80 -

Restricted - Lawn and turf seed only

Bentgrasses (colonial, creeping, velvet) Agrostis spp.

Bermudagrass and

Bermudagrass, giant

Cynodon spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis 

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea 

Timothy Phleum pratense 

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

Restricted lawn and turf seed shall be labeled as "Noxious-weed seed" or "Undesirable grass 

seed," with the label showing the rate of occurrence per pound when present in bentgrasses, 

Kentucky bluegrass, chewings fescue, red fescue, hard fescue, varieties of perennial ryegrass, 

varieties of named turf type tall fescue, and/or mixture containing these grasses. 

Bentgrasses (creeping, colonial, velvet), bermudagrass, giant bermudagrass, rough bluegrass, 

meadow fescue, tall fescue and redtop may be included as a labeled component of a mixture 

when in excess of 5 percent of the whole.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 81 -

WASHINGTON

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Bladder campion Silene vulgaris (Only in timothy - Phleum pratense)

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Cockle, white Silene alba (Only in timothy - Phleum pratense)

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica (only in small grain)

Hoary cress Lepidium draba

Knapweed complex including:

Knapweed, bighead Centaurea macrocephala

 Knapweed, black Centaurea nigra

Knapweed, brown Centaurea jacea

 Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea jacea × nigra

 Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens 

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe

Knapweed, Vochin Centaurea nigrescens

Lepyrodiclis Lepyrodiclis holosteoides

Nightshade, Silver-leaf Solanum elaeagnifolium

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Quackgrass Elymus repens

Ragwort, tansy Jacobaea vulgaris

Skeletonweed, yellow-flowering Chondrilla juncea

Sorghum, perennial; such as, but not 

limited to, Johnsongrass, sorghum 

almum and perennial sweet sudangrass

Sorghum spp.

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Whitetop, hairy Lepidium appelianum

Washington law prohibits the distribution of agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed containing 

prohibited seed.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

WASHINGTON - continued

- 82 -

Restricted

Blackgrass or foxtail, Slender Alopecurus myosuroides

Clustered Barilla Salt or Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Docks or Sorrels Rumex spp.

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Fanweed or Pennycress, field Thlaspi arvense

Foxtail, slender or Blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides

Gromwell (only in small grain) Buglossoides arvensis

Halogeton or Clustered Barilla Salt Halogeton glomeratus

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella 

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. caput-medusae 

Mustard, Black Brassica nigra 

Mustard, wild Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Pennycress, field or Fanweed Thlaspi arvense

Plantains Plantago spp.

Poverty weed Iva axillaris

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Ragweed, western Ambrosia psilostachya

Radish, Wild Raphanus raphanistrum 

Sandbur, field Cenchrus incertus

Sorrels or Docks Rumex spp.

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica 

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

The label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed per pound.

It shall be unlawful for any person to distribute mislabeled seed. Seed shall be deemed to be 

mislabeled if it consists of or contains any of the restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of the 

number declared on the label.

Washington law prohibits the distribution of agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed if it contains 

a weed seed content in excess of 2 percent.

Washington has issued a "State Weed List and a list of Plants and Seeds Whose Sales are 

Prohibited in Washington State." It is available on the internet site www.nwcb.wa.gov. You 

may obtain this list from Washington State Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 42560, 

Olympia, WA 98504-2560. For more information, call (360) 902-1800. 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 83 -

WEST VIRGINIA

Prohibited

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Thistle, Canada Carduus arvensis

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

West Virginia law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed 

seed.

Restricted

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 

Carrot, wild Daucus carota 

Charlock, English Brassica arvensis 

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Hawkweed Hieracium spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 

Morningglory, wild Ipomoea purpurea 

Mustard, Indian Brassica juncea

Mustard, wild Brassica arvensis 

Onion, wild Allium vineale 

Peppergrass, field Lepidium campestre

Star thistle Centaurea solstitialis 

The label for agricultural seeds shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of 

noxious-weed seed:

A. Per ounce in Agrostis spp., Poa spp., Rhodesgrass, Bermudagrass, timothy, orchardgrass, 

fescues, alsike and white clovers, reed canarygrass, dallisgrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, 

alfalfa, red clover, sweetclovers, lespedezas, smooth brome, crimson clover, Brassica spp., 

flax, Agropyron spp., and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures 

within this group; and

B. Per pound in proso, sudangrass, wheat, oat, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums, vetches, and 

other agricultural seeds of a size and weight to or greater than those within this group, or any 

mixtures within this group.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 84 -

Restricted noxious-weed seed in lawn and turf seed and mixtures

When present in bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Chewings fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties 

of named turf-type tall fescue, varieties of perennial ryegrass, or a mixture containing any of these 

grasses, seed of the following plants are restricted noxious-weed seed and shall be listed on the tab or 

label by name and number per pound or ounce under the heading "Noxious-weed seed" or 

"Undesirable Grass Seed:"

Bentgrass - colonial, creeping, velvet Agrostis spp.

Bermudagrass or 

Bermudagrass, giant 

Cynodon dactylon

Annual bluegrass Poa annua

Rough bluegrass Poa trivialis

Meadow fescue Festuca pratensis

Tall fescue Festuca arundinacea

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

West Virginia law prohibits the distribution or transport for sale of:

1. Agricultural seeds containing weed seed in excess of 2.5 percent by weight, and

2. Grass seed mixtures intended for lawn or turf purposes containing:

a. Restricted noxious-weed seed in excess of 0.5 percent by weight, and

b. Weed seed in excess of 0.5 percent by weight.
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 85 -

WISCONSIN

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Cupgrass, woolly Eriochloa villosa

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata

Mile-a-minute weed Polygonum perfoliatum

Millet, wild proso Panicum miliaceum

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Wisconsin law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing prohibited noxious-weed seed.

Restricted

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Cockle, white Silene alba

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 

Mustard, wild Sinapis arvensis

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 86 -

WYOMING

Prohibited

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Burdock, common Arctium minus

Bursage, skeletonleaf Ambrosia tomentosa

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Campion, bladder Silene vulgaris

Crupina, common Crupina vulgaris

Daisy, oxeye Leucanthemum vulgare

Dodder Cuscuta species

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officiale

Knapweed, black Centaurea nigra

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea moncktonii

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos

Knapweed, Squarose Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria and Lythrum virgatum

Medusa-head Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Millet, wild proso Panicum miliaceum ssp. ruderale

Olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolia

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Ragwort, tansy Jacobaea vulgaris

Salt-cedar Tamarix spp.

Sandbur, field Cenchrus incertus

Sandbur, longspine (mat) Cenchrus longispinus

Skeletonweed, rush Chrondrilla juncea

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

St. Johnswort Hypericum spp.

Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salusa

Tansy Tanacetum vulgare
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

- 87 -

WYOMING – continued

Prohibited

Thistle, Canadian Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica 

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotomo

Vipers bugloss Echium vulgare and

Echium plantagineum

Whitetop Lepidium draba ssp. draba

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

Wyoming law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed or screenings thereof containing 

any of the noxious-weed seeds listed above.

Restricted

The tolerance for restricted noxious weeds, unless otherwise stated, shall be 50 seeds per pound in 

small seeded crops and five seeds per pound in large seeded crops:

Cinquefoil, Sulphur Potentilla recta

Dock, curly Rumex crispus

Knotweed, Japanese Polygonum cuspidatum

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella

Licorice, wild Glycyrrhiza lepidota

Mallow, Venice Hibiscus trionum

Mustard, wild Synapsis arvense ssp. arvensis

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Povertyweed Iva axillaris

Ragweed, perennial Ambrosia psilostachya
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

APPENDIX A

-88-

APPENDIX A

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Acuate Lagascea mollis HI

Aeginetia spp. Aeginetia spp. US 

Alectra spp. Alectra spp. US

Alfombrilla Drymaria arenarioides AZ and US 

Algarrobo Prosopis pallida US 

Alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides AZ

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana MI, MN, MT, and WI

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri OH

Amargo, mesquite Prosopis articulata US 

Ambulia Limnophila sessiliflora US 

Amorseco Chrysopogon aciculatus US 

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata CO, DE, MD, NJ, and NC

Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes OH

Ardisia, shoebutton Ardisia elliptica HI

Arrowhead Sagittaria sagittifolia US 

Azolla, ferny Azolla pinnata US 

Ballcress (Globe-potted hoary cress), (Hairy 

whitetop), (hoary cress), (whitetop) and its 

varieties. See ballcress, peppercress, perenial 

peppergrass, and whitetop.

Cardaria pubescens (a synonym 

of Lepidium appelianum)

AK, AZ, CA, ND, NV, and OH 

Ballcress (hairy whitetop) Lepidium appelianum OH

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, 

MO, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, and VA

Barbwire grass Cymbopogon refractus HI

Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crusgalli AR

Beancaper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago ID, NV

Bedding grass Pennisetum macrourum US 

Bedstraw Galium spp. CT, MA, NH, NY, PA, and VT

Bedstraw Galium tricorne OR

Bentgrass (Colonial, Creeping, Velvet, 

Redtop)

Agrostis spp. DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Bermudagrass (Bermudagrass, giant) Cynodon dactylon AL, AR, DC, FL, GA, LA, MD, NJ, NC, 

SC, TX, UT, VA, and WV

Bermudagrass (Common and giant) Cynodon spp. DE, MS, NJ, PA, and VA

Bermudagrass, giant Cynodon dactylon var. aridus DC

Bindweed Convolvulus spp. RI and UT

Bindweed (field Bindweed), (Morningglory, 

European), and (Morningglory, wild)

Convolvulus arvensis AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, 

FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, MA, 

ME, MD, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, 

NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OR, 

OH, OR, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, 

WA, WV, WI, and WY

Bindweed, black (Buckwheat, wild) Polygonum convolvulus AK, KS, and OK

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia spp. KS

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium (a synonym 

of Calystegia sepium)

AL, AR, GA, HI, KS, LA, MI, MS, MO, 

NJ, NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, 

TX, and WA

Bitterbush Chromolaena odorata HI

Blackberry, prickly Florida Rubus argutus HI

Blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides WA

Blue burr Lappula echinata (a synonym of 

Lappula squarrosa)

AK

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua AK, CT, DE, DC, FL, KY, MD, MA, NJ, 

NY, PA, SD, TN, TX, VA, and WV

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Blueweed Echium vulgare MT
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-89-

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris AZ, AR, CA, CO, GA, HI, KS, LA, NM, 

OK, SC, and TX

Borreria Spermacoce alata US

Bouncingbet Saponaria officinalis CO

Box, Victorian Pittosporum undulatum HI

Boxthorn, African Lycium ferocissimum US 

Broom, French Cytisus monspessulanus HI

Broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius HI

Broom, Spanish Spartium junceum HI

Broomrape, branched Orobanche ramosa AZ

Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus HI

Buckhorn (Plantain, buckhorn) Plantago lanceolata AL, AR, CO, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, 

KS, KY, LA, ME, MA, MI, MN, MO, 

MS, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, 

WV, WI, and WY

Buckhorn Plantago spp. AK, CT, MS, and WA

Buckhorn (Plantain, bracted) Plantago aristata AL, GA, LA, NC, OK, SC, and TX

Buckwheat, wild (black bindweed) Polygonum convolvulus AK, KS, and OK

Buffalobur Solanum rostratum HI and ID

Buffalograss (Millet, Texas) or (Panicum, 

Texas)

Panicum texanum FL, GA, and NC

Bullnettle (Horsenettle) or (Carolina

horsenettle)

Solanum carolinense AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, 

GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, ME, MD, 

MA, MI, MN, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NY, 

NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, 

VT, and WV

Bur, New Zealand (Piripiri) Acaena novae-zelandiae HI

Bur, paroquet Triumfetta rhomboidea HI

Bur, Sacramento Triumfetta semitriloba HI

Bur, star Acanthospermum hispidum HI

Burclover Medicago polymorpha AZ

Burcucumber Sicyos angulatus DE and NJ

Burdock, common Arctium minus CO and WY

Bur-reed, exotic Sparganium erectum US 

Bur-sage (see povertyweed, and ragweed) 

The Nebraska lab reports all bur-sage 

(Ambrosia spp.) as noxious

Bur-sage - Shown as (Povertyweed, silverleaf) 

or (Povertyweed)

Franseria discolor (a synonym 

of Ambrosia tomentosa)

CO and NM

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf Ambrosia discolor (a synonym 

of Ambrosia tomentosa)

NE

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf Ambrosia tomentosa ID and WY

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf Franseria discolor (a synonym 

of Ambrosia tomentosa)

WY

Bur-sage woolly-leaf (Woolly-leaf Bur-sage is 

a common name for Ambrosia grayi) See 

ragweed, and woolly-leaf povertyweed

Ambrosia tomentosa NE

Butter and eggs - Shown as (Toadflax, yellow) Linaria vulgaris AK, CO, ID, MT, WA, and WY 

Buttercup, tall Ranunculus acris MT

Butterprint (velvetleaf) Abutilon theophrasti CO, IA, KS, MI, NH, NC, RI, VT, and 

WA

Cactus, moon Eriocereus martinii HI

Cactus, spiny tree Cereus uruguayanus HI

Caesarweed Urena lobata HI
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-90-

Camelthorn Alhagi camelorum (Alhagi 

camelorum and Alhagi 

pseudalhagi are synonyms of

Alhagi maurorum)

ID, NM, and OR

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum HI, ID, WA, and WY

Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi (Alhagi 

camelorum and Alhagi 

pseudalhagi are synonyms of

Alhagi maurorum)

AZ, CA, CO, and NV

Campion, bladder Silene vulgaris WA and WY

Cape-tulip Homeria spp. US

Carrot, wild Daucus carota IL, IA, KS, MI, SD, TX, and WV

Carrot, wild (Queen Anne's Lace) Daucus carota subsp. carota ID

Cartwheel-flower Heracleum mantegazzianum US 

Castor Ricinus communis TX

Cattail grass Setaria pallide-fusca US

Chamomile, Mayweed Anthemis cotula NV

Chamomile, scentless Anthemis arvensis CO

Charlock-See also mustard, rape, and turnip

Charlock (Mustard, wild) Sinapis arvensis CO, IA, IN, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA, and 

WI

Charlock (Mustard, wild), (Charlock, English)

See also charlock, rape, and turnip.

Brassica arvensis (a synonym of

Sinapis arvensis)

IN, MA, MN, NE, OH, SD, and WV

Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, wild) Brassica kaber (a synonym of

Sinapis arvensis)

AK, CO, IL, MA, OH, and SD

Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, wild), 

(Mustards, wild) or (Turnips, wild)

Brassica spp. AL, AZ, CT, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, ME, 

MS, NE, NH, NC, OK, RI, SC, TN, TX, 

VT, and VA 

Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, wild) Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis WA

Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, wild) or 

(Turnips, wild)

Sinapis spp. TX

Cheat Bromus secalinus AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KS, LA, MS, NJ, 

OK, SC, TN, and TX

Chess, hairy Bromus commutatus AL, AR, FL, GA, KS, LA, MS, SC, TN, 

and TX 

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta CO, MT, NV, UT, and WY

Clematis, Chinese Clematis orientalis CO

Clustered Barilla Salt Halogeton glomeratus WA

Coat-buttons Tridax procumbens US 

Cockle, white Lychnis alba (Lychnis alba and

Silene alba are synonyms of

Silene latifolia subsp. alba)

CT

Cockle, white Silene alba (Lychnis alba and

Silene alba are synonyms of

Silene latifolia subsp. alba)

WI

Cocklebur Xanthium pensylvanicum (a 

synonym of Xanthium 

strumarium)

IN

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. AL, AR, FL, GA, HI, KS, LA, MS, NC, 

OK, SC, TN, and TX

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium DE, IA, MD, and MI

Coffeebean Sesbania exaltata AR 

Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica HI and US 

Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) Sorghum × almum CO, FL, GA, HI, KY, MS, MO, OH, SC, 

TN, UT, and VA

Columbus grass - Shown as (Sorghum almum) Sorghum halepense CA, IL, KS, MI, MS, IN, and TX
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-91-

Columbus grass - Shown as (Sorghum 

almum). See also johnsongrass, sorghum, and 

sudangrass.

Sorghum spp. AZ, DE, NV, NJ, UT, VA, and WA

Corncockle Agrostemma githago AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IN, KY, LA, ME,

MD, MA, MS, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, 

OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, and WV

Cornflower Centaurea cyanus NC

Cortaderia jubata Cortaderia jubata HI

Couch grass, African Digitaria scalarum US 

Couch, water Paspalum scrobiculatum US 

Crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum NV

Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis NV and NH

Creeper, bearded (Common crupina) or 

(Crupina vulgaris) 

Crupina vulgaris ID, MT, OR, and US

Cress, hoary (Heart-podded hoary cress),

(Hoary cress), (Hoarycress), (Perennial 

peppergrass) or (Whitetop)

Cardaria draba (a synonym of 

Lepidium draba)

AK, CA, CO, HI, IA, IL, KS, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, and, SD

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Heart-podded

hoarycress)

Lepidium draba subsp. draba OH

Cress, hoary – Shown as (Hoary cress) Lepidium draba WA

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Hoary cress) Lepidium repens (a synonym of

Cardaria draba subsp.

chalepensis)

ND

Cress, hoary - Shown as (hoarycress) Cardaria draba var. repens (a 

synonym of Lepidium 

chalepense)

AZ

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Lens-podded hoary 

cress)

Cardaria chalepensis (a 

synonym of Lepidium 

chalepense)

CA

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Perennial 

peppergrass)

Lepidium draba (a synonym of

Cardaria draba subsp. draba)

IN and MN

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Whitetop) Cardaria draba subsp. draba (a 

synonym of Lepidium draba)

ID 

Croftonweed Ageratina adenophora HI and US 

Croftonweed, creeping (Pamakani, Hamakua) Ageratina riparia HI

Crotalaria Crotalaria mucronata (a 

synonym of Crotalaria pallida)

FL

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp. AL, AR, GA, and MS

Crotalaria Crotalaria striata (a synonym of

Crotalaria pallida)

FL

Crotalaria - Shown as (Rattlepod, longbeaked)Crotalaria longirostrata HI

Crotalaria (Crotalaria, showy) Crotalaria spectabilis FL, HI, NC, and TN

Crotalaria, smooth Crotalaria pallida NC

Crupina, common (Bearded creeper) or 

(Crupina vulgaris)

Crupina vulgaris ID, NV, OR, US, and WY 

Cupgrass, woolly Eriochloa villosa WI

Curse, Koster's Clidemia hirta var. hirta HI

Cusqui Prosopis calingastana US 

Daisy, ox-eye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (a 

synonym of Leucanthemum 

vulgare)

CO, HI, IL, IN, KS, KY, MT, UT, and 

WV

Daisy, ox-eye Leucanthemum vulgare OH and WY

Daisy, tree Montanoa hibiscifolia HI

Daisy, tridax Tridax procumbens US 

Darnel Lolium temulentum AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, OK, SC, TN, 

and TX
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-92-

Darnel and/or 

Persian ryegrass

Lolium temulentum and/or

Lolium persicum

TX

Darnel, Persian Lolium persicum MT

Dayflower (Dayflower, Benghal) Commelina benghalensis FL and US 

Dock and/or Sorrel Rumex spp. AL except hastatulus, AR, CT, GA, KS, 

LA, MS, MO, NE, OK, SC, TN, TX, and 

WA

Dock, broadleaf (Docks) Rumex obtusifolius FL and NC

Dock, curled (curly dock), (Dock, sour), or 

(Docks)

Rumex crispus AZ, CO, FL, IA, IL, IN, MI, MT, NE, 

NV, NC, OH, and WY 

Dock, smooth (Dock, smoothleaf) Rumex altissimus IA and NE

Dock, winged (see sorrel) Rumex venosus NE

Docks Rumex conglomeratus FL

Dodder Cuscuta spp. AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, 

HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, 

MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, 

NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND except

coryli, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, 

TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, 

and WY

Duck-beak, wrinkled Ischaemum rugosum US 

Duck-lettuce Ottelia alismoides US 

Elephantopus Elephantopus spp. HI

Elephant's foot Elephantopus mollis HI

Emex Emex australis HI and US 

Emex, spiny Emex spinosa HI and US 

Fanweed (Frenchweed) or (Pennycress, field) Thlaspi arvense IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, OH, SD, WA 

Feathergrass, African Pennisetum macrourum. US 

Fern, butterfly Salvinia auriculata US 

Fern, mosquito Azolla pinnata US 

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, NV, OR, and WA

Finger grass, (long-plume) (velvet) Digitaria velutina US 

Finger grass, Abyssinian Digitaria scalarum US 

Firetree Myrica faya HI

Fireweed Senecio madagascariensis HI and US

Florida-elodea Hydrilla verticillata US 

Fountaingrass (Fountaingrass, green) Pennisetum setaceum HI and NV

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi AL, AR, CO, DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, 

KY, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, OK, SC, 

SD, TN, TX, and VA

Foxtail, giant Setaria spp. MS

Foxtail, slender Alopecurus myosuroides WA

Foxtail, West Indian Andropogon bicornis HI

Frenchweed (Fanweed) or (Pennycress, field) Thlaspi arvense IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, OH, SD, WA

Galega Galega officinalis US 

Galinsoga Galinsoga parviflora AK

Garlic, wild (Onion, wild) Allium spp. AL, AR, DE, GA, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, 

MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VT and VA

Garlic, wild (Onion wild) Allium vineale CA, DC, HI, IL, ME, MD, MI, MO, NJ, 

NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, and WV

Gaura Gaura spp. HI

Geshoumi Saccharum spontaneum US 

Goatgrass or (Goatgrass, jointed) Aegilops spp. AL, NM, OR, and TX

Goatgrass, barb Aegilops triuncialis HI and NV

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica AZ, CO, ID, KS, MT, OK, UT, WA, and 

WY
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-93-

Goat's-rue Galega officinalis NV, PA, and US 

Goatweed (Common St. Johnswort),

(Klamathweed), or (St. Johnswort)

Hypericum perforatum CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, and WA

Gorse Ulex europaeus HI

Gourd, ivy Coccinia grandis HI

Grevillea, Bank's Grevillea banksii HI

Gromwell Buglossoides arvensis WA (only in small grain)

Groundcherry, purpleflower Physalis lobata (a synonym of

Quincula lobata)

CO

Groundcherry, purpleflower Quincula lobata CO

Groundcherry, smooth Physalis longifolia var.

subglabrata

ID

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, NV, NM, OR, UT, 

WA, and WY

Hastate-leaf-pondweed Monochoria hastata US 

Hawkweed (Hawkweed complex, meadow) Hieracium spp. MT and WV

Hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum AK, MT, and WY

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum CO, ID, IA, NV, OH, UT, and WY

Hemlock, water Cicuta maculata NV

Hemp (Marijuana) Cannabis sativa MN, ND, and PA

Hempnettle Galeopsis tetrahit AK

Hempweed, climbing Mikania scandens HI

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger CO, ID, NV, UT, and WY

Hoarycress (Globe-potted hoary cress), (Hairy 

whitetop), (hoary cress), (whitetop) and its 

varieties. See ballcress, peppercress, 

peppergrass, and whitetop.

Cardaria pubescens (a synonym 

of Lepidium appelianum)

AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, NV, NM, ND, OR, 

WA

Hoarycress (Hoary cress) and (Whitetop) Cardaria draba subsp. draba (a 

synonym of Lepidium 

appelianum)

ID

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba subsp. 

chalepensis) – or shown as (Lens-podded

hoary cress)

Cardaria chalepensis (a 

synonym of Lepidium 

appelianum)

AZ, CA, and NV

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba subsp. 

chalepensis) - Shown as Hoary cress

Lepidium repens (Lepidium 

repens is a synonym of Lepidium 

chalepense)

ND

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba subsp. draba) -

Shown as Perennial peppergrass

Lepidium draba (a synonym of

Cardaria draba subsp. draba)

IN and MN

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba) - Shown as Heartpodded hoarycressLepidium draba subsp. draba OH

Hoarycress (Cardaria pubescens) - Shown as 

Ballcress and as Hairy whitetop

Lepidium appelianum OH

Hoarycress (whitetop, globe-podded), (Heartpodded hoarycress), (Hoary cress), (Perennial 

peppergrass), or (Whitetop)

Cardaria draba (a synonym of 

Lepidium draba)

AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, IL, KS, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, SD, and WA

Hogweed, giant Heracleum mantegazzianum OH, PA, and US 

Horsenettle, Carolina (Horsenettle) or 

(Bullnettle)

Solanum carolinense AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, 

GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, ME, MD, 

MA, MI, MN, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, 

NV, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, 

VT, and WV

Horsenettle, white (Nightshade) Solanum elaeagnifolium AL, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, HI, ID, KS, 

LA, MI, NM, NV, OK, SC, TX, and WA

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officiale CO, MT, NV, UT, and WY

Huarango Prosopis pallida US 

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata AZ, NV, and US 

Hyptis, comb Hyptis pectinata HI

Indian-rhododendron Melastoma malabathricum US 

Indigo, curly Aeschynomene spp. AR
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-94-

Indigo, curly Aeschynomene virginica (a 

synonym of Aeschynomene 

indica)

LA

Indigo, tall (Coffeebean) or (Sesbania, hemp) Sesbania exaltata AR and LA

Iris, Yellow flag Iris pseudacorus MT

Itchgrass (raoulgrass) Rottboellia cochinchinensis LA, NC, TX and US 

Itchgrass (raoulgrass) Rottboellia exaltata (a synonym 

of Rottboellia cochinchinensis)

AR, LA, SC, and TN 

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium MI, NC, and PA

Johnsongrass *** SEE INDIVIDUAL 

STATES FOR INTERPRETATIONS ***

Sorghum halepense AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, 

ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MS, 

MO, NE, NJ, NM, NC, NV, OH, OK, 

OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, and WV

Jointvetch, Indian (Kat sola) Aeschynomene indica HI

Joyweed, sessile Alternanthera sessilis US 

Kahiliflower Grevillea banksii HI

Kanchura Commelina benghalensis US 

Kariba-weed Salvinia molesta US 

Kayasuwa grass Pennisetum pedicellatum US 

Kiawe Prosopis pallida US 

Kikuyu grass Pennisetum clandestinum US 

Klamathweed (St. Johnswort) Hypericum perforatum CA CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, and WA

Knapweed, bighead Centaurea macrocephala WA

Knapweed, black Centaurea nigra CO, WA, and WY

Knapweed, brown Centaurea jacea WA

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa AZ, CO, ID, MT, NE, NV, OR, UT, WA, 

and WY

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea jacea × nigra WA 

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea moncktonii WY

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens AZ, CA, CO, GA, HI, ID, IA, NV, NY, 

OH, OR, and WY

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris (Centaurea 

picris and Centaurea repens are 

synonyms of Acroptilon repens)

IL, MI, OH, OK, SC, UT, and WI

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens (Centaurea 

picris and Centaurea repens are 

synonyms of Acroptilon repens)

AK, CO, CT, ID, IN, KS, LA, MN, MT, 

NE, NM, OK, SD, TX, and UT

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens ND and WA

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa AZ, CO, ID, MI, MT, NE, NV, OR, SD, 

UT, and WI

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe subsp.

micranthos

ND, WA, and WY

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea squarrosa (a 

synonym of Centaurea virgata 

subsp. squarrosa) 

AZ and UT

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea virgata (a synonym 

of Centaurea virgata subsp.

squarrosa)

CO, NV, OR, and WY

Knapweed, Vochin Centaurea nigrescens WA

Knotweed complex, Japanese Polygonum spp. MT

Knotweed, giant Fallopia sachalinensis (a 

synonym of Reynoutria 

sachalinensis)

NE

Knotweed, Japanese Fallopia japonica (a synonym of

Reynoutria japonica)

NE

Knotweed, Japanese Polygonum cuspidatum WY

Kochia Bassia scoparia OH

Kochia, Forage Bassia prostrata OH
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-95-

Kudzu (Kudzu-vine) Pueraria lobata (a synonym of

Pueraria montana var. lobata) 

KS, PA, and WI

Kudzu, tropical Pueraria phaseoloides HI

Kyasuwa grass, annual Pennisetum pedicellatum US 

Lepyrodiclis Lepyrodiclis holosteoides WA

Lespedeza, sericea Lespedeza cuneata KS, NE, and OK 

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp.

pulchella

CO, ID, WA and WY

Lettuce, blue (blue flowering lettuce) Lactuca pulchella AK, CO, HI, ID, and WY

Licorice, wild Glycyrrhiza lepidota WY

Liverseed grass Urochloa panicoides US 

Locoweeds Astragalus spp. HI

Locoweeds Oxytropis spp. HI

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria AK, AZ, CO, ID, MT, NE, NH, NJ, OH, 

UT, VT, and WY

Loosestrife, purple (Purple Loosestrife) or 

(Purple Lythrum)

Lythrum salicaria, L. virgatum, 

and any hybrid crosses thereof

MT, NV, and PA

Loosestrife, purple See Lythrum, purple. Lythrum virgatum CO, MT, and WY

Love grass Chrysopogon aciculatus US 

Lyon's grass Themeda villosa HI

Lythrum, purple See Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria ID and MT

Malachra Malachra alceifolia HI

Mallow, alkali Sida hederacea (a synonym of

Malvella leprosa) 

AZ

Mallow, Venice Hibiscus trionum CO and WY

Marabu Dichrostachys nutans (a 

synonym of Dichrostachys 

cinerea) 

HI

Marigold, wild Tagetes minuta HI

Marijuana (Hemp) Cannabis sativa MN, ND, and PA

Maypop (Passion flower) Passiflora incarnata TX

Medinilla venosa Medinilla venosa HI

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae CO, HI, NV, and UT

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae 

subsp. caput-medusae

CA, WA, and WY

Medusahead rye Elymus caput-medusae (a 

synonym of Taeniatherum 

caput-medusae subsp. caputmedusae)

OR

Medusahead rye Taeniatherum caput-medusae 

subsp. caput-medusae

ID

Melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia US 

Melastoma Melastoma spp. HI

Melastoma, banks Melastoma malabathricum US

Melon, dudaim (Queen Anne’s melon) Cucumis melo var. dudaim (a 

synonym of Cucumis melo 

subsp. agrestiso var. dudaim) 

AZ and CA

Mexicanweed Caperonia castaneifolia LA

Miconia Miconia spp. HI

Mile-a-minute Mikania cordata US 

Mile-a-minute Mikania micrantha HI and US 

Mile-a-minute Polygonum perfoliatum PA and WI

Milkweed, climbing Cynanchum laeve KS

Milkweed, climbing Gonolobus laevis (a synonym of

Cynanchum laeve) 

KS

Milkweeds Asclepias spp. HI

Millet, kodo Paspalum scrobiculatum US 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-96-

Millet, Texas (Buffalograss) or (Panicum, 

Texas)

Panicum texanum FL,GA, and NC

Millet, wild proso Panicum miliaceum subsp.

ruderale

CO, WI, and WY

Miramar-weed Hygrophila polysperma US 

Miscanthus Miscanthus floridulus HI

Mission grass Pennisetum polystachion US 

Monochoria Monochoria hastata US 

Monochoria, oval-leaf Monochoria vaginalis US 

Moonflower (Morningglory) Ipomoea spp. AZ (except I. carnea, I. aborescens, I. 

tribola, I. batatas, I. quamoclit, and I. 

noctiflora), AR, KS, LA, MI, MS, NE

(when found in field crop seed), NM, 

NC, OK, and TX

Moonflower (Morningglory, giant) Ipomoea turbinata AR, GA, KY, LA, and MS

Moonflower, (moonflower, purple) or 

(Morningglory, giant)

Calonyction muricatum AL, MO, OK, and SC

Morning glory (Morningglory, wild) Ipomoea purpurea NE (when found in field crop seed), OK 

and WV

Morningglory, European (Bindweed), (Field 

bindweed) or (Morningglory, wild)

Convolvulus arvensis AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, 

FL, GA, HI, ID, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MD, 

MA, ME, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, 

NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, 

OK, OR, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, WA, 

WV, WI, and WY

Morning-glory, swamp Ipomoea aquatica US 

Morning-glory, three-lobed Ipomoea triloba AZ

Mullein Verbascum thapsus HI

Murain grass Ischaemum rugosum US 

Mustard, black Brassica nigra (AZ shows as 

Brassica niger)

AZ, CO, IL, MA, MI, NE, PA, SD, and 

WA

Mustard, India (Mustard, Indian) Brassica juncea AK, AZ, CO, IL, MI, NE, PA, SD, and 

WV

Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, and 

turnip.

Brassica kaber (a synonym of

Sinapis arvensis)

AK, CO, IL, MA, NV, OH, and SD 

Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, and 

turnip.

Brassica spp. AL, AZ, CT, FL, GA (except B. napus 

var. biennis and B. rapa var. rapa), IL, 

KS, LA, ME, MA, MS, NE, NH, NC, 

OK, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, and VA 

Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, and 

turnip.

Sinapis arvensis AZ, CO, IA, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA, WI, 

and WY

Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, and 

turnip.

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis OH, and WA

Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, and 

turnip.

Sinapis spp. TX

Mustard, common giant Rapistrum rugosum TX

Mustard, field Brassica rapa AZ

Mustard, purple Chorispora tenella CA

Mustard, Sahara Brassica tournefortii NV

Myrtle, candleberry Myrica faya HI

Nassella trichotoma (see serrated tussock)

Needlegrasses Stipa spp. HI

Nightshade Solanum americanum KS

Nightshade – (Horsenettle) or Nightshade, 

(purple) (silverleaf) (white)

Solanum elaeagnifolium AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, HI, ID, 

KS, LA, MI, NV, NM, OK, SC, TX, and 

WA

Nightshade complex, black Solanum interius KS

Nightshade, bitter Solanum dulcamara MI

Nightshade, black Solanum nigrum KS and MI
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-97-

Nightshade, Eastern black Solanum ptychanthum IN, KS, MI, MN, and MO

Nightshade, hairy Solanum sarrachoides (a 

synonym of Solanum 

physalifolium)

KS and MI

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum robustum HI

Nightshade, wetland Solanum tampicense US

Nutsedge tuber (Nutgrass) Cyperus spp. RI and TX

Nutsedge, purple (Nutgrass) Cyperus rotundus AL, AZ, AR, CA, FL, GA, HI, LA, MS, 

NM, NC, OK, SC, TN, and TX

Nutsedge, yellow (Nutgrass) Cyperus esculentus AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, GA, LA, ME, MI, 

MS, NH, NM, NC, TN, TX, and WA

Oat, feral Avena spp. TX

Oat, slender Avena barbata MO

Oat, wild Avena sterilis (including Avena 

ludoviciana, a synonym of 

Avena sterilis)

US

Oat, wild *** SEE OK AND TX FOR 

INTERPRETATIONS ***

Avena fatua AZ, AK, CO, ID, KS, MI, MO, MT, NM, 

ND, OK, SC, SD, TX, UT, WI, and WY

Olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolia WY

Onion, wild Allium canadense DC, FL, IL, ME, MD, MI, MO, NJ, NY, 

OH, PA, and RI

Onionweed Asphodelus fistulosus US

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Ottelia, water-plantain Ottelia alismoides US 

Oval-leaf-pondweed Monochoria vaginalis US 

Oxygen-weed Lagarosiphon major US 

Oxyspora paniculata Oxyspora paniculata HI

Pamakani, Maui Ageratina adenophora HI and US 

Panicum, Texas (Buffalograss) or (Millet, 

Texas)

Panicum texanum FL, GA, and NC

Paperbark, broadleaf Melaleuca quinquenervia US 

Paspalum, creeping (Indian Paspalum) Paspalum scrobiculatum US 

Passion flower (Maypop) Passiflora incarnata TX

Passionfruit, banana Passiflora mollissima HI

Passionfruit, winged-leaf Passiflora pulchella HI

Payal, African Salvinia auriculata US 

Peaweed, Austrian Sphaerophysa salsula NV and OR

Pennisetum, feather Pennisetum polystachion US 

Pennycress (Pennycress, field), (Fanweed), or 

(Frenchweed) 

Thlaspi arvense IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, NV, OH, SD, and 

WA

Pepper, spiked Piper aduncum HI

Peppercress, perennial (broadleaved 

peppergrass), (whitetop), or (Pepperweed, 

perennial)

Lepidium latifolium CA, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, and 

WY

Peppergrass, field Lepidium campestre IN and WV

Peppergrass, perennial Lepidium draba (a synonym of

Cardaria draba subsp. draba) 

IN, and MN 

Peppergrass, perennial (Heart-podded hoary 

cress), (Hoary cress), (Hoarycress), (Cress, 

hoary), or (Whitetop)

Cardaria draba (a synonym of 

Lepidium draba)

AK, CA, CO,HI, IA, IL, KS, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OH, OK, SD, and WA

Peppergrass, perennial (Hoary cress) or 

(Whitetop)

Cardaria draba subsp. draba (a 

synonym of Lepidium draba)

ID and WY

Periquito-sessil Alternanthera sessilis US 

Peruvian apple Cereus uruguayanus HI

Pickerel-weed Monochoria vaginalis US 

Pignut (Indian rushpea) Hoffmannseggia densiflora (a 

synonym of Hoffmannseggia 

glauca)

KS

Pilipiliula Chrysopogon aciculatus US 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-98-

Plantain Plantago spp. AK, CT, MS, and WA

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata AL, GA, LA, NC, OK, SC, and TX

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata AR, CO, FL, GA, ID, KS, LA, ME, MA, 

MI, MN, MS, NC, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, 

TX, and WY

Plantain, buckhorn (Buckhorn) Plantago lanceolata AL, IL, IN, IA, KY, MO, OH, WV, and 

WI

Poinsettia, wild Euphorbia dentata LA

Poinsettia, wild Euphorbia heterophylla LA

Poison – Hemlock (Hemlock, poison) Conium maculatum CO, ID, IA, OH, and WY

Poka, banana Passiflora mollissima HI

Pondweed, curly leaf Potamogeton crispus MT

Poppy, plume Bocconia frutescens HI

Poppy, red horned Glaucium corniculatum OK

Povertyseed, silverleaf (Bur-sage skeletonleaf)Franseria discolor (a synonym 

of Ambrosia tomentosa) 

CO, NM, and WY

Povertyweed, mouse-ear (Sumpweed, poverty) Iva axillaris CO, ID, UT, WA, and WY

Povertyweed, silverleaf (Bur-sage woolly-leaf) Ambrosia tomentosa CO and NE

Povertyweed, woolyleaf (Ragweed, bur) Ambrosia grayi CO and KS

Povertyweed, woolyleaf (Ragweed, bur) See 

bursage, and ragweed.

Franseria tomentosa (a synonym 

of Ambrosia grayi) 

CO and KS

Prickly-pear, jointed Opuntia aurantiaca US 

Prosopis alpataco Prosopis alpataco US 

Prosopis argentina Prosopis argentina US 

Prosopis burkartii Prosopis burkartii US 

Prosopis caldenia Prosopis caldenia US 

Prosopis campestris Prosopis campestris US 

Prosopis castellanosii Prosopis castellanosii US 

Prosopis denudans Prosopis denudans US 

Prosopis elata Prosopis elata US 

Prosopis farcta Prosopis farcta US 

Prosopis ferox Prosopis ferox US 

Prosopis fiebrigii Prosopis fiebrigii US 

Prosopis hassleri Prosopis hassleri US 

Prosopis humilis Prosopis humilis US 

Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora HI

Prosopis kuntzei Prosopis kuntzei US 

Prosopis palmeri Prosopis palmeri US 

Prosopis reptans var. reptans Prosopis reptans var. reptans US 

Prosopis rojasiana Prosopis rojasiana US 

Prosopis ruizlealii Prosopis ruizlealii US 

Prosopis ruscifolia Prosopis ruscifolia US 

Prosopis sericantha Prosopis sericantha US 

Prosopis strombulifera Prosopis strombulifera US 

Prosopis torquata Prosopis torquata US 

Punagrass Stipa brachychaeta AZ

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, IA, MI, NE, NV, 

TX, WA, and WY

Purslane, common Portulaca oleracea AZ

Quackgrass Agropyron repens (a synonym of 

Elymus repens)

CA, FL, IA, UT, and WI

Quackgrass Elymus repens subsp. repens ND and WA

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens (a synonym of 

Elymus repens)

AK, AL, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, GA, 

HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, 

ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, NE, 

NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, 

SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VT, WV, and WY

Queen Anne’s Lace - Shown as (Carrot, wild) Daucus carota IL, IA, KS, MI, SD, TX, and WV
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-99-

Queen Anne’s Lace (Carrot, wild) Daucus carota subsp. carota ID

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum AK, CT, FL, GA, ME, MA, MI, MN, 

MS, NH, NC, RI, SC, TX, VT, WA, and 

WI

Radish, wild Raphanus spp. AL and VA

Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia OR

Ragweed bur - Shown as (Povertyweed, 

woollyleaf)

Franseria tomentosa (a synonym 

of Ambrosia grayi)

CO

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida DE, NJ, and WI

Ragweed, bur Franseria tomentosa (a synonym 

of Ambrosia grayi)

KS

Ragweed, bur or (Povertyweed, woollyleaf) Ambrosia grayi CO and KS

Ragweed, perennial (Ragweed, Western) Ambrosia psilostachya ID, WA, and WY

Ragweeds See bursage, povertyweed, and 

sumpweed.

Ambrosia spp. HI

Ragwort, narrow-leaf Senecio inaequidens US

Ragwort, South African Senecio inaequidens US

Ragwort, tansy Jacobaea vulgaris WA and WY

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea AZ, ID, MT, and, OR

Rape, bird See charlock, mustard, and turnip Brassica campestris (a synonym 

of Brassica rapa L. subsp.

campestris)

AZ, IL, and NE

Raspberry, hill Rubus niveus HI

Raspberry, Molucca Rubus sieboldii HI

Raspberry, yellow Himalayan Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus HI 

Rattlepod - Shown as (Crotalaria) Crotalaria spp. AL, AR, GA, and MS

Rattlepod, long-beaked Crotalaria longirostrata HI

Redtop Agrostis gigantea DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Reed, common Phragmites australis NE

Reed, giant Arundo donax NV

Resinbush, sweet Euryops subcarnosus subsp.

vulgaris

AZ

Rhodomyrtus, downy Rhodomyrtus tomentosa HI

Rice, red Oryza longistaminata US 

Rice, red Oryza punctata US

Rice, red Oryza rufipogon GA and US

Rice, red Oryza sativa (var.) AR, FL, LA, SC, and TX

Rice, red Oryza spp. MS

Rocket, dame's Hesperis matronalis CO

Rocket, yellow See wintercress Barbarea vulgaris CT, ME, MI, and NH

Rose, multiflora Rosa multiflora PA

Rosemyrtle, downy Rhodomyrtus tomentosa HI

Rubus fruticosus (complex) Rubus plicatus US 

Rubus moluccanus Rubus moluccanus US 

Rue, African or (Syrian rue) Peganum harmala AZ, CO, and NV

Rush, flowering Butomus umbellatus MT

Rye, medusahead See medusahead

Ryegrass, Persian See darnel

Safflower, wild Carthamus oxyacantha US 

Sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis CA, CO, and NV

Salsola, wormleaf Salsola vermiculata US 

Saltcedar Tamarix parviflora and T. 

ramosissima

CO and NE

Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima NE and UT

Saltcedar (Tamarisk) Tamarix spp. MT, NV, and WY

Saltwort, Mediterranean Salsola vermiculata US 

Salvinia, giant Salvinia auriculata US 

Salvinia, giant Salvinia biloba US
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-100-

Salvinia, giant Salvinia herzogii US

Salvinia, giant Salvinia molesta AZ, NV, and US

Sandbur Cenchrus pauciflorus AZ, NV, and SC 

Sandbur Cenchrus spp. NC

Sandbur, coast or (Sandbur, field) Cenchrus incertus (a synonym of 

Cenchrus spinifex)

AZ, CA, GA, WA, and WY

Sandbur, mat (Sandbur, longspine) Cenchrus longispinus CA, CO, and WY

Sandbur, southern Cenchrus echinatus AZ and CA

Sandvine See milkweed

Saramatta grass Ischaemum rugosum US 

Satintail, Brazilian Imperata brasiliensis US 

Scotchbroom Cytisus scoparis MT

Sensitiveplant, giant Mimosa invisa (a synonym of M. 

diplotricha)

HI and US 

Sensitiveplant, thorny Mimosa pigra HI and US 

Sesbania, hemp (Coffeebean) or (Indigo, tall) Sesbania exaltata AR and LA 

Shattercane Sorghum bicolor OH and PA

Siamweed Chromolaena odorata HI

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia (a synonym of 

Senna obtusifolia)

NC, OK, and TN

Sicklepod Cassia tora (a synonym of 

Senna tora)

DE

Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia MD, MS, and VA

Sicklepod Senna tora AL

Silvergrass, Japanese Miscanthus floridulus HI

Skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA, and WY

Snakeroot, white Ageratina altissima HI

Sorghum See also columbus grass, 

johnsongrass, and sudangrass.

*** SEE INDIVIDUAL STATES FOR 

INTERPRETATIONS ***

Sorghum almum (Sorghum almum),

(Sorgrass), or (Sorghum, species perennial) 

Sorghum spp. AZ, CA, DE, MD, NJ, NV, SC, UT, VA, 

and WA 

Sorghum almum (columbus grass) Sorghum × Almum GA, HI, KY, MS, MO, OH, SC, TN, UT, 

and VA

Sorghum almum - Shown as Sorghum almum Sorghum halepense AL, CA, CO, FL, IL, IN, KS, MI, MS, 

PA, and TX

Sorrels or Docks Rumex spp. WA

Sorrel (sheep or red) See dock.

Rumex acetosella AL, FL, GA, IA, KY, LA, MO, NE, OK, 

SC, and TN

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, 

KS, ME, MA, MI, MN, MT, ND, NV, 

OH, OR, PA, RI, SD, VT, WA, WV, WI, 

and WY

Spearhead Rhynchospora spp. LA

Spikenard, wild Hyptis suaveolens HI

Sprangletop, Asian Leptochloa chinensis US 

Spurge, cypress Euphorbia cyparissias CO

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, IL, IA, KS, 

MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NY, ND, 

OH, OR, SD, UT, WA, WI, and WY

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia pseudovirgata (a 

synonym of E. esula)

SD

Spurge, myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites CO

Spurge, toothed Euphorbia serrata HI

St. Johnswort Hypericum spp. WY

St. Johnswort (Common St. Johnswort),

(Goatweed), or (Klamathweed)

Hypericum perforatum CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, and WA
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-101-

Starthistle, Malta Centaurea melitensis NV and OR

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa AZ, NV, OR, WA, and WY

Starthistle, yellow (St. Barnaby’s thistle) Centaurea solstitialis AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MO, MT, ND, NV, 

OR, UT, WA, WV, and WY 

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica AZ, NV, and OR

Starthistle, Sicilian Centaurea sulphurea AZ

Sudangrass, perennial sweet-type - hybrids 

derived therefrom or rhizomatous derivatives 

of S. almum and S. halepense or seed 

indistinguishable from johnsongrass. See also 

columbus grass, johnsongrass, and sorghum.)

Sorghum spp. AL, AZ, DE, IL, KS, KY, MD, MI, MS, 

PA, SC, TX, and VA

Sugarcane, wild Saccharum spontaneum US 

Sumpweed, poverty (Povertyweed) or

(Povertyweed, mouse-ear)

Iva axillaris CA, CO, ID, UT, WA, and WY

Sunflower, wild Helianthus annuus IA

Sunn Hemp Crotalaria juncea AL

Swainsonpea Swainsona salsula or

Sphaerophysa salsula (a 

synonym of Swainsona salsula)

ID and WY

Swampweed, East Indian Hygrophila polysperma US 

Tamarisk (Saltcedar) Tamarix spp. MT

Tansy, Common (Tansy) Tanacetum vulgare MT and WY

Tarweed, coast Madia sativa CO

Teatree, broadleaf Melaleuca quinquenervia US 

Terongan Solanum torvum HI and US 

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus (a synonym of

Centaurea benedicta)

AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, and TX

Thistle, blessed milk Silybum marianum TX

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare CO, MI, MN, and PA

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense AL, AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, FL, 

GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, 

ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, 

NE, NH, NJ, NV, NM, NY, NC, ND, 

OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, 

UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, and WY

Thistle, Italian Carduus pycnocephalus OR

Thistle, Italian Carduus tenuiflorus CA

Thistle, musk (Thistle, nodding) Carduus nutans CA, CO, ID, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, NV, 

ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, SD, UT, and WY

Thistle, onopordum Onopordum spp. CA

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides AZ, CA, CO, MI, MN, NE, SD, and WY

Thistle, plumeless Carduus spp. DE, MD, TN, HI, and VA

Thistle, Russian Salsola kali (or S. kali vars. or S. 

pestifer, synonyms of S. 

australis)

AZ, HI, and MO

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum tauricum CO

Thistle, Scotch (Thistle, cotton) Onopordum acanthium AZ, CO, ID, NE, NV, OK, UT, and WY

Thistle, slenderflower Carduus tenuiflorus CO and OR

Thistle, smooth distaff Carthamus baeticus (a synonym 

of Carthamus creticus

CA

Thistle, star See Starthistle

Thistle, wavyleaf Cirsium undulatum CA

Thistle, whitestem distaff Carthamus leucocaulos CA

Thistle, woolly distaff Carthamus lanatus CA

Three-awns Aristida spp. HI

Tibouchina Tibouchina spp. HI

Tiger-pear Opuntia aurantiaca US 

Timothy Phleum pratense DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica CO, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, and WY
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-102-

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria genistifolia subsp.

dalmatica (a synonym of Linaria 

dalmatica)

AZ and ID

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris AK, CO, ID, MT, NV, UT, WA, and WY 

Torpedograss Panicum repens AZ and HI

Treacle Erysimum spp. KS

Tropical soda apple Solanum spp. MS

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum AL, AZ, AR, FL, GA, LA, SC, TX, and 

US 

Turkeyberry Solanum torvum HI and US 

Turnip See also charlock, mustard, & rape

Turnip, wild Brassica spp. AL, FL, GA (except B. napus var. biennis

and B. rapa var. rapa), LA, MS, SC, TN, 

and TX

Turnip, wild Sinapis spp. TX 

Turnip, wild - Shown as (Charlock) or as 

(Mustard, wild)

Sinapis arvensis CO, IA, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA, and WI

Turnip, wild - Shown as (Mustard, wild) Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis WA

Tussock, nasella Stipa trichotoma (a synonym of

Nassella trichotoma)

HI 

Tussock, serrated (Nassella trichotoma) Nassella trichotoma AL, AZ, AR, DE, FL, GA, IL, MD, MI, 

MO, MS, NE, NC, OH, OK, OR, RI, SC, 

TX, VT, VA, WA, WV, WY, and US 

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA and WV

Velvetleaf (Butterprint) Abutilon theophrasti CO, KS, IA, MI, NH, NC, RI, VT, WA, 

and WI

Vetch, tufted Vicia cracca AK

Vipers bugloss Echium vulgare and Echium 

plantagineum

WY

Wandering-Jew Commelina benghalensis US

Wartcress, creeping Coronopus squamatus AZ

Water-chestnut Trapa natans AZ

Water-hyacinth, anchored Eichhornia azurea AZ and US 

Water-hyacinth, floating Eichhornia crassipes AZ

Watermilfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum MT and NV

Water-spinach Ipomoea aquatica US 

Water-thyme Hydrilla verticillata US 

Water-velvet Azolla pinnata US 

Wattle, Black Acacia mearnsii HI

Whitetop See ballcress, cress, hoarycress, 

pepercress, peppergrass, and pepperweed.

Whitetop Cardaria draba var. or Cardaria 

pubescens (a synonym of 

Lepidium appelianum)

OR

Whitetop (Globe-potted hoary cress), (Hairy 

whitetop), (hoary cress), (whitetop) and its 

varieties. See ballcress, peppercress, and 

peppergrass.

Cardaria pubescens (a synonym 

of Lepidium appelianum)

AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, NV, NM, ND, and 

OR

Whitetop (heart-podded hoary cress), (hoary 

cress), (hoarycress), or (perennial peppergrass)

Cardaria draba (a synonym of

Lepidium draba)

AK, CA, CO, HI, IL, IA, KS, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, SD, WA, and 

WY 

Whitetop (hoary cress) or (lens-podded hoary 

cress)

Cardaria chalepensis (a 

synonym of Lepidium 

chalepensis)

CA and NV

Whitetop (hoarycress, heart-podded) Lepidium draba sub. draba OH and WY

Whitetop - Shown as (Hoary cress) Cardaria draba subsp. draba (a

synonym of Lepidium draba)

ID and WY

Whitetop - Shown as (hoary cress) Lepidium repens (a synonym of

Lepidium chalepensis) 

ND
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COMMON NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

APPENDIX A

-103-

Whitetop - Shown as (hoarycress) Cardaria draba var. repens (a 

synonym of Lepidium 

chalepense)

AZ

Whitetop (Cardaria pubescens) - Shown as 

(Hairy whitetop)

Lepidium appelianum OH and WA

Whitetop (Lepidium draba sub. Draba) -

Shown as (Perennial peppergrass) 

Lepidium draba IN and MN

Whitetop Cardaria spp. (a synonym of 

Lepidium spp.)

UT

Whitetop (Whitetop, tall) Shown as 

(Peppergrass, perennial)

Lepidium draba IN and MN

Whitetop (Whitetop, tall) Lepidium latifolium AK, CO, and UT

Wintercress, bitter See rocket Barbarea vulgaris IN

Witchweed Striga asiatica NC and SC

Witchweed Striga spp. AZ, HI, and US 

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria AZ, CO, ID, MT, OR, NV, UT, WA, and 

WY

Wormwood, absinth Artemisia absinthium ND

Woundwort Stachys palustris ME

Wrinkled grass Ischaemum rugosum US 

Yerba de tajo Eclipta alba (a synonym of 

Eclipta prostrata)

OK
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

APPENDIX B

-104-

APPENDIX B

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

Abutilon theophrasti Butterprint (velvetleaf) CO, IA, KS, MI, NH, NC, RI, VT, and 

WA

Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf (Butterprint) CO, KS, IA, MI, NH, NC, RI, VT, WA, 

and WI

Acacia mearnsii Wattle, Black HI

Acaena novae-zelandiae Bur, New Zealand (Piripiri) HI

Acanthospermum hispidum Bur, star HI

Acroptilon repens Knapweed, Russian AZ, CA, CO, GA, HI, ID, IA, NV, NY, 

OH, OR, and WY

Aegilops cylindrica Goatgrass, jointed AZ, CO, ID, KS, MT, OK, UT, WA, and 

WY

Aegilops spp. Goatgrass or (Goatgrass, jointed) AL, NM, OR, and TX

Aegilops triuncialis Goatgrass, barb HI and NV

Aeginetia spp. Aeginetia spp. US 

Aeschynomene indica Jointvetch, Indian (Kat sola) HI

Aeschynomene spp. Indigo, curly AR

Aeschynomene virginica (a synonym of

Aeschynomene indica)

Indigo, curly LA

Ageratina adenophora Croftonweed HI and US 

Ageratina adenophora Pamakani, Maui HI and US 

Ageratina altissima Snakeroot, white HI

Ageratina riparia Croftonweed, creeping (Pamakani, 

Hamakua) 

HI

Agropyron repens (a synonym of Elymus 

repens)

Quackgrass CA, FL, IA, UT, and WI

Agrostemma githago Corncockle AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IN, KY, LA, ME, 

MD, MA, MS, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH,

OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, and WV

Agrostis gigantea Redtop DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Agrostis spp. Bentgrass (Colonial, Creeping, Velvet, 

Redtop)

DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Alectra spp. Alectra spp. US

Alhagi camelorum (Alhagi camelorum and

Alhagi pseudalhagi are synonyms of

Alhagi maurorum)

Camelthorn ID, NM, and OR

Alhagi maurorum Camelthorn HI, ID, WA, and WY

Alhagi pseudalhagi (Alhagi camelorum 

and Alhagi pseudalhagi are synonyms of

Alhagi maurorum)

Camelthorn AZ, CA, CO, and NV

Allium canadense Onion, wild DC, FL, IL, ME, MD, MI, MO, NJ, NY, 

OH, PA, and RI

Allium spp. Garlic, wild (Onion, wild) AL, AR, DE, GA, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, 

MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VT and VA

Allium vineale Garlic, wild (Onion wild) CA, DC, HI, IL, ME, MD, MI, MO, NJ, 

NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, and WV

Alopecurus myosuroides Blackgrass WA

Alopecurus myosuroides Foxtail, slender WA

Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligatorweed AZ

Alternanthera sessilis Joyweed, sessile US 

Alternanthera sessilis Periquito-sessil US 

Amaranthus palmeri Amaranth, Palmer OH

Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed OR

Ambrosia discolor (a synonym of

Ambrosia tomentosa)

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf NE

Ambrosia grayi Povertyweed, woolyleaf (Ragweed, bur) CO and KS
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-105-

Ambrosia grayi Ragweed, bur or (Povertyweed, 

woollyleaf)

CO and KS

Ambrosia psilostachya Ragweed, perennial (Ragweed, Western) ID, WA, and WY

Ambrosia spp. Ragweeds See bursage, povertyweed, 

and sumpweed.

HI

Ambrosia tomentosa Bur-sage skeleton-leaf ID and WY

Ambrosia tomentosa Bur-sage woolly-leaf (Woolly-leaf Bursage is a common name for Ambrosia 

grayi) See ragweed, and woolly-leaf 

povertyweed

NE

Ambrosia tomentosa Povertyweed, silverleaf (Bur-sage 

woolly-leaf)

CO and NE

Ambrosia trifida Ragweed, giant DE, NJ, and WI

Andropogon bicornis Foxtail, West Indian HI

Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge HI

Anoda cristata Anoda, spurred CO, DE, MD, NJ, and NC

Anthemis arvensis Chamomile, scentless CO

Anthemis cotula Chamomile, Mayweed NV

Arctium minus Burdock, common CO and WY

Ardisia elliptica Ardisia, shoebutton HI

Aristida spp. Three-awns HI

Artemisia absinthium Wormwood, absinth ND

Arundo donax Reed, giant NV

Asclepias spp. Milkweeds HI

Asphodelus fistulosus Onionweed US

Astragalus spp. Locoweeds HI

Avena barbata Oat, slender MO

Avena fatua Oat, wild *** SEE OK AND TX FOR 

INTERPRETATIONS ***

AZ, AK, CO, ID, KS, MI, MO, MT, NM, 

ND, OK, SC, SD, TX, UT, WI, and WY

Avena spp. Oat, feral TX

Avena sterilis (including Avena 

ludoviciana, a synonym of Avena sterilis)

Oat, wild US

Azolla pinnata Azolla, ferny US 

Azolla pinnata Fern, mosquito US 

Azolla pinnata Water-velvet US 

Barbarea vulgaris Rocket, yellow See wintercress CT, ME, MI, and NH

Barbarea vulgaris Wintercress, bitter See rocket IN

Bassia prostrata Kochia, Forage OH

Bassia scoparia Kochia OH

Berteroa incana Alyssum, hoary MI, MN, MT, and WI

Bocconia frutescens Poppy, plume HI

Brassica arvensis (a synonym of Sinapis 

arvensis)

Charlock (Mustard, wild), (Charlock, 

English) See also charlock, rape, and 

turnip.

IN, MA, MN, NE, OH, SD, and WV

Brassica campestris (a synonym of

Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris)

Rape, bird See charlock, mustard, and 

turnip

AZ, IL, and NE

Brassica juncea Mustard, India (Mustard, Indian) AK, AZ, CO, IL, MI, NE, PA, SD, and 

WV

Brassica kaber (a synonym of Sinapis 

arvensis L. Subsp. arvensis)

Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, 

and turnip.

AK, CO, IL, MA, NV, OH, and SD 

Brassica kaber (a synonym of Sinapis 

arvensis)

Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, wild) AK, CO, IL, MA, OH, and SD

Brassica nigra (AZ shows as Brassica 

niger)

Mustard, black AZ, CO, IL, MA, MI, NE, PA, SD, and 

WA

Brassica rapa Mustard, field AZ

Brassica spp. Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, wild), 

(Mustards, wild) or (Turnips, wild)

AL, AZ, CT, FL, GA, IL, KS, LA, ME, 

MS, NE, NH, NC, OK, RI, SC, TN, TX, 

VT, and VA 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-106-

Brassica spp. Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, 

and turnip.

AL, AZ, CT, FL, GA (except B. napus 

var. biennis and B. rapa var. rapa), IL, 

KS, LA, ME, MA, MS, NE, NH, NC, 

OK, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, and VA 

Brassica spp. Turnip, wild AL, FL, GA (except B. napus var. biennis

and B. rapa var. rapa), LA, MS, SC, TN, 

and TX

Brassica tournefortii Mustard, Sahara NV

Bromus commutatus Chess, hairy AL, AR, FL, GA, KS, LA, MS, SC, TN, 

and TX 

Bromus secalinus Cheat AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KS, LA, MS, NJ, 

OK, SC, TN, and TX

Buglossoides arvensis Gromwell WA (only in small grain)

Butomus umbellatus Rush, flowering MT

Calonyction muricatum Moonflower, (moonflower, purple) or 

(Morningglory, giant)

AL, MO, OK, and SC

Calystegia spp. Bindweed, hedge KS

Cannabis sativa Hemp (Marijuana) MN, ND, and PA

Cannabis sativa Marijuana (Hemp) MN, ND, and PA

Caperonia castaneifolia Mexicanweed LA

Cardaria chalepensis (a synonym of

Lepidium appelianum)

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba subsp. 

chalepensis) – or shown as (Lens-podded

hoary cress)

AZ, CA, and NV

Cardaria chalepensis (a synonym of 

Lepidium chalepense)

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Lens-podded

hoary cress)

CA

Cardaria chalepensis (a synonym of

Lepidium chalepensis)

Whitetop (hoary cress) or (lens-podded

hoary cress)

CA and NV

Cardaria draba (a synonym of Lepidium 

draba)

Cress, hoary (Heart-podded hoary cress),

(Hoary cress), (Hoarycress), (Perennial 

peppergrass) or (Whitetop)

AK, CA, CO, HI, IA, IL, KS, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, and, SD

Cardaria draba (a synonym of Lepidium 

draba)

Hoarycress (whitetop, globe-podded), 

(Heart-podded hoarycress), (Hoary 

cress), (Perennial peppergrass), or 

(Whitetop)

AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, IL, KS, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, SD, and WA

Cardaria draba (a synonym of Lepidium 

draba)

Peppergrass, perennial (Heart-podded

hoary cress), (Hoary cress), (Hoarycress), 

(Cress, hoary), or (Whitetop)

AK, CA, CO,HI, IA, IL, KS, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OH, OK, SD, and WA

Cardaria draba (a synonym of Lepidium 

draba)

Whitetop (heart-podded hoary cress), 

(hoary cress), (hoarycress), or (perennial 

peppergrass)

AK, CA, CO, HI, IL, IA, KS, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, SD, WA, and 

WY 

Cardaria draba subsp. draba (a synonym 

of Lepidium appelianum)

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Whitetop) ID 

Cardaria draba subsp. draba (a synonym 

of Lepidium appelianum)

Hoarycress (Hoary cress) and (Whitetop) ID

Cardaria draba subsp. draba (a synonym 

of Lepidium draba)

Peppergrass, perennial (Hoary cress) or 

(Whitetop)

ID and WY

Cardaria draba subsp. draba (a synonym 

of Lepidium draba)

Whitetop - Shown as (Hoary cress) ID and WY

Cardaria draba var. or Cardaria 

pubescens (a synonym of Lepidium 

appelianum)

Whitetop OR

Cardaria draba var. repens (a synonym of 

Lepidium chalepense)

Cress, hoary - Shown as (hoarycress) AZ

Cardaria draba var. repens (a synonym of

Lepidium chalepense)

Whitetop - Shown as (hoarycress) AZ

Cardaria pubescens (a synonym of 

Lepidium appelianum)

Ballcress (Globe-potted hoary cress), 

(Hairy whitetop), (hoary cress), 

(whitetop) and its varieties. See 

ballcress, peppercress, perenial 

peppergrass, and whitetop.

AK, AZ, CA, ND, NV, and OH 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-107-

Cardaria pubescens (a synonym of 

Lepidium appelianum)

Hoarycress (Globe-potted hoary cress), 

(Hairy whitetop), (hoary cress), 

(whitetop) and its varieties. See 

ballcress, peppercress, peppergrass, and 

whitetop.

AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, NV, NM, ND, OR, 

WA

Cardaria pubescens (a synonym of 

Lepidium appelianum)

Whitetop (Globe-potted hoary cress), 

(Hairy whitetop), (hoary cress), 

(whitetop) and its varieties. See 

ballcress, peppercress, and peppergrass.

AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, NV, NM, ND, and 

OR

Cardaria spp. (a synonym of Lepidium 

spp.)

Whitetop UT

Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloonvine AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, 

MO, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, and VA

Carduus acanthoides Thistle, plumeless AZ, CA, CO, MI, MN, NE, SD, and WY

Carduus nutans Thistle, musk (Thistle, nodding) CA, CO, ID, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, NV, 

ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, SD, UT, and WY

Carduus pycnocephalus Thistle, Italian OR

Carduus spp. Thistle, plumeless DE, MD, TN, HI, and VA

Carduus tenuiflorus Thistle, Italian CA

Carduus tenuiflorus Thistle, slenderflower CO and OR

Carthamus baeticus (a synonym of 

Carthamus creticus

Thistle, smooth distaff CA

Carthamus lanatus Thistle, woolly distaff CA

Carthamus leucocaulos Thistle, whitestem distaff CA

Carthamus oxyacantha Safflower, wild US 

Cassia obtusifolia (a synonym of Senna 

obtusifolia)

Sicklepod NC, OK, and TN

Cassia tora (a synonym of Senna tora) Sicklepod DE

Cenchrus echinatus Sandbur, southern AZ and CA

Cenchrus incertus (a synonym of Cenchrus 

spinifex)

Sandbur, coast or (Sandbur, field) AZ, CA, GA, WA, and WY

Cenchrus longispinus Sandbur, mat (Sandbur, longspine) CA, CO, and WY

Cenchrus pauciflorus (a synonym of 

Cenchrus spinifex)

Sandbur AZ, NV, and SC 

Cenchrus spp. Sandbur NC

Centaurea calcitrapa Starthistle, purple AZ, NV, OR, WA, and WY

Centaurea cyanus Cornflower NC

Centaurea diffusa Knapweed, diffuse AZ, CO, ID, MT, NE, NV, OR, UT, WA, 

and WY

Centaurea iberica Starthistle, Iberian AZ, NV, and OR

Centaurea jacea Knapweed, brown WA

Centaurea jacea × nigra Knapweed, meadow WA 

Centaurea macrocephala Knapweed, bighead WA

Centaurea maculosa Knapweed, spotted AZ, CO, ID, MI, MT, NE, NV, OR, SD, 

UT, and WI

Centaurea melitensis Starthistle, Malta NV and OR

Centaurea × moncktonii (shown as

Centaurea moncktonii in WY)

Knapweed, meadow WY

Centaurea nigra Knapweed, black CO, WA, and WY

Centaurea nigrescens Knapweed, Vochin WA

Centaurea picris (Centaurea picris and

Centaurea repens are synonyms of

Acroptilon repens)

Knapweed, Russian IL, MI, OH, OK, SC, UT, and WI

Centaurea repens (Centaurea picris and

Centaurea repens are synonyms of

Acroptilon repens)

Knapweed, Russian AK, CO, CT, ID, IN, KS, LA, MN, MT, 

NE, NM, OK, SD, TX, and UT

Centaurea solstitialis Starthistle, yellow (St. Barnaby’s thistle) AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MO, MT, ND, NV, 

OR, UT, WA, WV, and WY 

Centaurea squarrosa (a synonym of

Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa) 

Knapweed, squarrose AZ and UT
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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APPENDIX B

-108-

Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos Knapweed, spotted ND, WA, and WY

Centaurea sulphurea Starthistle, Sicilian AZ

Centaurea virgata (a synonym of

Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa)

Knapweed, squarrose CO, NV, OR, and WY

Cereus uruguayanus Cactus, spiny tree HI

Cereus uruguayanus Peruvian apple HI

Chondrilla juncea Skeletonweed, rush AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA, and WY

Chorispora tenella Mustard, purple CA

Chromolaena odorata Bitterbush HI

Chromolaena odorata Siamweed HI

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (a synonym 

of Leucanthemum vulgare)

Daisy, ox-eye CO, HI, IL, IN, KS, KY, MT, UT, and 

WV

Chrysopogon aciculatus Amorseco US 

Chrysopogon aciculatus Love grass US 

Chrysopogon aciculatus Pilipiliula US 

Cicuta maculata Hemlock, water NV

Cirsium arvense Thistle, Canada AL, AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, FL, 

GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, 

ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, 

NE, NH, NJ, NV, NM, NY, NC, ND, 

OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, 

UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, and WY

Cirsium undulatum Thistle, wavyleaf CA

Cirsium vulgare Thistle, bull CO, MI, MN, and PA

Clematis orientalis Clematis, Chinese CO

Clidemia hirta var. hirta Curse, Koster's HI

Cnicus benedictus (a synonym of 

Centaurea benedicta)

Thistle, blessed AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, and TX

Coccinia grandis Gourd, ivy HI

Commelina benghalensis Dayflower (Dayflower, Benghal) FL and US 

Commelina benghalensis Kanchura US 

Commelina benghalensis Wandering-Jew US

Conium maculatum Hemlock, poison CO, ID, IA, NV, OH, UT, and WY

Conium maculatum Poison – Hemlock (Hemlock, poison) CO, ID, IA, OH, and WY

Convolvulus arvensis Bindweed (field Bindweed),

(Morningglory, European), and 

(Morningglory, wild)

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, 

FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, MA, 

ME, MD, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, 

NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OR, 

OH, OR, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, 

WA, WV, WI, and WY

Convolvulus arvensis Morningglory, European (Bindweed), 

(Field bindweed) or (Morningglory, wild)

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, 

FL, GA, HI, ID, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MD, 

MA, ME, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, 

NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, 

OK, OR, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, WA, 

WV, WI, and WY

Convolvulus sepium (a synonym of 

Calystegia sepium)

Bindweed, hedge AL, AR, GA, HI, KS, LA, MI, MS, MO, 

NJ, NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, 

TX, and WA

Convolvulus spp. Bindweed RI and UT

Coronopus squamatus (a synonym of 

Lepidium coronopus)

Wartcress, creeping AZ

Cortaderia jubata Cortaderia jubata HI

Crotalaria juncea Sunn Hemp AL

Crotalaria longirostrata Crotalaria - Shown as (Rattlepod, longbeaked) HI

Crotalaria longirostrata Rattlepod, long-beaked HI

Crotalaria mucronata (a synonym of

Crotalaria pallida)

Crotalaria FL

Crotalaria pallida Crotalaria, smooth NC
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-109-

Crotalaria spectabilis Crotalaria (Crotalaria, showy) FL, HI, NC, and TN

Crotalaria spp. Crotalaria AL, AR, GA, and MS

Crotalaria spp. Rattlepod - Shown as (Crotalaria) AL, AR, GA, and MS

Crotalaria striata (a synonym of

Crotalaria pallida)

Crotalaria FL

Crupina vulgaris Creeper, bearded (Common crupina) or 

(Crupina vulgaris) 

ID, MT, OR, and US

Crupina vulgaris Crupina, common (Bearded creeper) or 

(Crupina vulgaris)

ID, NV, OR, US, and WY 

Cucumis melo var. dudaim (a synonym of

Cucumis melo subsp. agrestiso var.

dudaim) 

Melon, dudaim (Queen Anne’s melon) AZ and CA

Cuscuta spp. Dodder AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, 

HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, 

MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, 

NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND except

coryli, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, 

TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, 

and WY

Cymbopogon refractus Barbwire grass HI

Cynanchum laeve Milkweed, climbing KS

Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass (Bermudagrass, giant) AL, AR, DC, FL, GA, LA, MD, NJ, NC, 

SC, TX, UT, VA, and WV

Cynodon dactylon var. aridus Bermudagrass, giant DC

Cynodon spp. Bermudagrass (Common and giant) DE, MS, NJ, PA, and VA

Cynoglossum officiale Houndstongue CO, MT, NV, UT, and WY

Cyperus esculentus Nutsedge, yellow (Nutgrass) AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, GA, LA, ME, MI, 

MS, NH, NM, NC, TN, TX, and WA

Cyperus rotundus Nutsedge, purple (Nutgrass) AL, AZ, AR, CA, FL, GA, HI, LA, MS, 

NM, NC, OK, SC, TN, and TX

Cyperus spp. Nutsedge tuber (Nutgrass) RI and TX

Cytisus monspessulanus Broom, French HI

Cytisus scoparis Scotchbroom MT

Cytisus scoparius Broom, Scotch HI

Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Datura stramonium Jimsonweed MI, NC, and PA

Daucus carota Carrot, wild IL, IA, KS, MI, SD, TX, and WV

Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace - Shown as (Carrot, 

wild)

IL, IA, KS, MI, SD, TX, and WV

Daucus carota subsp. carota Carrot, wild (Queen Anne's Lace) ID

Daucus carota subsp. carota Queen Anne’s Lace (Carrot, wild) ID

Dichrostachys nutans (a synonym of

Dichrostachys cinerea) 

Marabu HI

Digitaria ischaemum Crabgrass NV

Digitaria sanguinalis Crabgrass NV and NH

Digitaria scalarum Couch grass, African US 

Digitaria scalarum Finger grass, Abyssinian US 

Digitaria velutina Finger grass, (long-plume) (velvet) US 

Drymaria arenarioides Alfombrilla AZ and US 

Echinochloa crusgalli Barnyardgrass AR

Echium vulgare Blueweed MT

Echium vulgare and Echium plantagineum Vipers bugloss WY

Eclipta alba (a synonym of Eclipta 

prostrata)

Yerba de tajo OK

Eichhornia azurea Water-hyacinth, anchored AZ and US 

Eichhornia crassipes Water-hyacinth, floating AZ

Elaeagnus angustifolia Olive, Russian WY

Elephantopus mollis Elephant's foot HI

Elephantopus spp. Elephantopus HI
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-110-

Elymus caput-medusae (a synonym of

Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp.

caput-medusae)

Medusahead rye OR

Elymus repens subsp. repens Quackgrass ND and WA

Elytrigia repens (a synonym of Elymus 

repens)

Quackgrass AK, AL, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, GA, 

HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, 

ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, NC, NE, 

NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, 

SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VT, WV, and WY

Emex australis Emex HI and US 

Emex spinosa Emex, spiny HI and US 

Eriocereus martinii Cactus, moon HI

Eriochloa villosa Cupgrass, woolly WI

Erysimum spp. Treacle KS

Euphorbia cyparissias Spurge, cypress CO

Euphorbia dentata Poinsettia, wild LA

Euphorbia esula Spurge, leafy AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, IL, IA, KS, 

MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NY, ND, 

OH, OR, SD, UT, WA, WI, and WY

Euphorbia heterophylla Poinsettia, wild LA

Euphorbia myrsinites Spurge, myrtle CO

Euphorbia pseudovirgata (a synonym of

E. esula)

Spurge, leafy SD

Euphorbia serrata Spurge, toothed HI

Euryops subcarnosus subsp. vulgaris Resinbush, sweet AZ

Fallopia japonica (a synonym of

Reynoutria japonica)

Knotweed, Japanese NE

Fallopia sachalinensis (a synonym of

Reynoutria sachalinensis)

Knotweed, giant NE

Festuca arundinacea Fescue, tall DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Festuca pratensis Fescue, meadow DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Franseria discolor (a synonym of

Ambrosia tomentosa)

Bur-sage - Shown as (Povertyweed, 

silverleaf) or (Povertyweed)

CO and NM

Franseria discolor (a synonym of 

Ambrosia tomentosa)

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf WY

Franseria discolor (a synonym of

Ambrosia tomentosa) 

Povertyseed, silverleaf (Bur-sage 

skeleton-leaf)

CO, NM, and WY

Franseria tomentosa (a synonym of

Ambrosia grayi) 

Povertyweed, woolyleaf (Ragweed, bur) 

See bursage, and ragweed.

CO and KS

Franseria tomentosa (a synonym of

Ambrosia grayi)

Ragweed bur - Shown as (Povertyweed, 

woollyleaf)

CO

Franseria tomentosa (a synonym of

Ambrosia grayi) 

Ragweed, bur KS

Galega officinalis Galega US 

Galega officinalis Goat's-rue NV, PA, and US 

Galeopsis tetrahit Hempnettle AK

Galinsoga parviflora Galinsoga AK

Galium spp. Bedstraw CT, MA, NH, NY, PA, and VT

Galium tricorne Bedstraw OR

Gaura spp. Gaura HI

Glaucium corniculatum Poppy, red horned OK

Glycyrrhiza lepidota Licorice, wild WY

Gonolobus laevis (a synonym of

Cynanchum laeve) 

Milkweed, climbing KS

Grevillea banksii Grevillea, Bank's HI

Grevillea banksii Kahiliflower HI

Halogeton glomeratus Clustered Barilla Salt WA

Halogeton glomeratus Halogeton AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, NV, NM, OR, UT, 

WA, and WY

Helianthus annuus Sunflower, wild IA
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-111-

Helianthus ciliaris Blueweed, Texas AZ, AR, CA, CO, GA, HI, KS, LA, NM, 

OK, SC, and TX

Heracleum mantegazzianum Cartwheel-flower US 

Heracleum mantegazzianum Hogweed, giant OH, PA, and US 

Hesperis matronalis Rocket, dame's CO

Hibiscus trionum Mallow, Venice CO and WY

Hieracium aurantiacum Hawkweed, orange AK, MT, and WY

Hieracium spp. Hawkweed (Hawkweed complex, 

meadow)

MT and WV

Hoffmannseggia densiflora (a synonym of

Hoffmannseggia glauca)

Pignut (Indian rushpea) KS

Holcus lanatus Velvetgrass DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA and WV

Homeria spp. Cape-tulip US

Hydrilla verticillata Florida-elodea US 

Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla AZ, NV, and US 

Hydrilla verticillata Water-thyme US 

Hygrophila polysperma Miramar-weed US 

Hygrophila polysperma Swampweed, East Indian US 

Hyoscyamus niger Henbane, black CO, ID, NV, UT, and WY

Hypericum perforatum Goatweed (Common St. Johnswort), 

(Klamathweed), or (St. Johnswort)

CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, and WA

Hypericum perforatum Klamathweed (St. Johnswort) CA CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, and WA

Hypericum perforatum St. Johnswort (Common St. Johnswort), 

(Goatweed), or (Klamathweed) 

CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, and WA

Hypericum spp. St. Johnswort WY

Hyptis pectinata Hyptis, comb HI

Hyptis suaveolens Spikenard, wild HI

Imperata brasiliensis Satintail, Brazilian US 

Imperata cylindrica Cogongrass HI and US 

Ipomoea aquatica Morning-glory, swamp US 

Ipomoea aquatica Water-spinach US 

Ipomoea purpurea Morning glory (Morningglory, wild) NE (when found in field crop seed), OK 

and WV

Ipomoea spp. Moonflower (Morningglory) AZ (except I. carnea, I. aborescens, I. 

tribola, I. batatas, I. quamoclit, and I. 

noctiflora), AR, KS, LA, MI, MS, NE

(when found in field crop seed), NM, 

NC, OK, and TX

Ipomoea triloba Morning-glory, three-lobed AZ

Ipomoea turbinata Moonflower (Morningglory, giant) AR, GA, KY, LA, and MS

Iris pseudacorus Iris, Yellow flag MT

Isatis tinctoria Woad, dyers AZ, CO, ID, MT, OR, NV, UT, WA, and 

WY

Ischaemum rugosum Duck-beak, wrinkled US 

Ischaemum rugosum Murain grass US 

Ischaemum rugosum Saramatta grass US 

Ischaemum rugosum Wrinkled grass US 

Iva axillaris Povertyweed, mouse-ear (Sumpweed, 

poverty)

CO, ID, UT, WA, and WY

Iva axillaris Sumpweed, poverty (Povertyweed) or

(Povertyweed, mouse-ear)

CA, CO, ID, UT, WA, and WY

Jacobaea vulgaris Ragwort, tansy WA and WY

Lactuca pulchella Lettuce, blue (blue flowering lettuce) AK, CO, HI, ID, and WY

Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella Lettuce, blue CO, ID, WA and WY

Lagarosiphon major Oxygen-weed US 

Lagascea mollis Acuate HI

Lappula echinata (a synonym of Lappula 

squarrosa)

Blue burr AK

Lepidium appelianum Ballcress (hairy whitetop) OH
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-112-

Lepidium appelianum Hoarycress (Cardaria pubescens) -

Shown as Ballcress and as Hairy 

whitetop

OH

Lepidium appelianum Whitetop (Cardaria pubescens) - Shown 

as (Hairy whitetop)

OH and WA

Lepidium campestre Peppergrass, field IN and WV

Lepidium draba Cress, hoary – Shown as (Hoary cress) WA

Lepidium draba Peppergrass, perennial IN, and MN 

Lepidium draba subsp. draba (Whitetop) and (hoarycress, heartpodded)OH and WY

Lepidium latifolium Peppercress, perennial (broadleaved 

peppergrass), (whitetop), or 

(Pepperweed, perennial)

CA, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, and 

WY

Lepidium latifolium Whitetop (Whitetop, tall) AK, CO, and UT

Lepidium chalepense Cress, hoary - Shown as (Hoary cress) ND

Leptochloa chinensis Sprangletop, Asian US 

Lepyrodiclis holosteoides Lepyrodiclis WA

Lespedeza cuneata Lespedeza, sericea KS, NE, and OK 

Leucanthemum vulgare Daisy, ox-eye OH and WY

Limnophila sessiliflora Ambulia US 

Linaria dalmatica Toadflax, Dalmatian CO, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, and WY

Linaria genistifolia subsp. dalmatica (a 

synonym of Linaria dalmatica)

Toadflax, Dalmatian AZ and ID

Linaria vulgaris Toadflax, yellow AK, CO, ID, MT, NV, UT, WA, and WY 

Lolium persicum Darnel, Persian MT

Lolium temulentum Darnel AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, OK, SC, TN, 

and TX

Lolium temulentum and/or Lolium 

persicum

Darnel and/or 

Persian ryegrass

TX

Lychnis alba (Lychnis alba and Silene alba 

are synonyms of Silene latifolia subsp.

alba)

Cockle, white CT

Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn, African US 

Lythrum salicaria Loosestrife, purple AK, AZ, CO, ID, MT, NE, NH, NJ, OH, 

UT, VT, and WY

Lythrum salicaria Lythrum, purple See Loosestrife, purple ID and MT

Lythrum salicaria, L. virgatum, and any 

hybrid crosses thereof

Loosestrife, purple (Purple Loosestrife)

or (Purple Lythrum)

MT, NV, and PA

Lythrum virgatum Loosestrife, purple See Lythrum, purple. CO, MT, and WY

Madia sativa Tarweed, coast CO

Malachra alceifolia Malachra HI

Medicago polymorpha Burclover AZ

Medinilla venosa Medinilla venosa HI

Melaleuca quinquenervia Melaleuca US 

Melaleuca quinquenervia Paperbark, broadleaf US 

Melaleuca quinquenervia Teatree, broadleaf US 

Melastoma malabathricum Indian-rhododendron US 

Melastoma malabathricum Melastoma, banks US

Melastoma spp. Melastoma HI

Miconia spp. Miconia HI

Mikania cordata Mile-a-minute US 

Mikania micrantha Mile-a-minute HI and US 

Mikania scandens Hempweed, climbing HI

Mimosa invisa (a synonym of M. 

diplotricha)

Sensitiveplant, giant HI and US 

Mimosa pigra Sensitiveplant, thorny HI and US 

Miscanthus floridulus Miscanthus HI

Miscanthus floridulus Silvergrass, Japanese HI

Monochoria hastata Hastate-leaf-pondweed US 

Monochoria hastata Monochoria US 
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-113-

Monochoria vaginalis Monochoria, oval-leaf US 

Monochoria vaginalis Oval-leaf-pondweed US 

Monochoria vaginalis Pickerel-weed US 

Montanoa hibiscifolia Daisy, tree HI

Myrica faya Firetree HI

Myrica faya Myrtle, candleberry HI

Myriophyllum spicatum Watermilfoil, Eurasian MT and NV

Nassella trichotoma Tussock, serrated AL, AZ, AR, DE, FL, GA, IL, MD, MI, 

MO, MS, NE, NC, OH, OK, OR, RI, SC, 

TX, VT, VA, WA, WV, WY, and US 

Nicandra physalodes Apple of Peru OH

Onopordum acanthium Thistle, Scotch (Thistle, cotton) AZ, CO, ID, NE, NV, OK, UT, and WY

Onopordum spp. Thistle, onopordum CA

Onopordum tauricum Thistle, Scotch CO

Opuntia aurantiaca Prickly-pear, jointed US 

Opuntia aurantiaca Tiger-pear US 

Orobanche ramosa Broomrape, branched AZ

Oryza longistaminata Rice, red US 

Oryza punctata Rice, red US

Oryza rufipogon Rice, red GA and US

Oryza sativa (var.) Rice, red AR, FL, LA, SC, and TX

Oryza spp. Rice, red MS

Ottelia alismoides Duck-lettuce US 

Ottelia alismoides Ottelia, water-plantain US 

Oxyspora paniculata Oxyspora paniculata HI

Oxytropis spp. Locoweeds HI

Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale Millet, wild proso CO, WI, and WY

Panicum repens Torpedograss AZ and HI

Panicum texanum Buffalograss (Millet, Texas) or (Panicum, 

Texas)

FL, GA, and NC

Panicum texanum Millet, Texas (Buffalograss) or (Panicum, 

Texas)

FL,GA, and NC

Panicum texanum Panicum, Texas (Buffalograss) or (Millet, 

Texas)

FL, GA, and NC

Paspalum scrobiculatum Couch, water US 

Paspalum scrobiculatum Millet, kodo US 

Paspalum scrobiculatum Paspalum, creeping (Indian Paspalum) US 

Passiflora incarnata Maypop (Passion flower) TX

Passiflora incarnata Passion flower (Maypop) TX

Passiflora mollissima Passionfruit, banana HI

Passiflora mollissima Poka, banana HI

Passiflora pulchella Passionfruit, winged-leaf HI

Peganum harmala Rue, African or (Syrian rue) AZ, CO, and NV

Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu grass US 

Pennisetum macrourum Bedding grass US 

Pennisetum macrourum. Feathergrass, African US 

Pennisetum pedicellatum Kayasuwa grass US 

Pennisetum pedicellatum Kyasuwa grass, annual US 

Pennisetum polystachion Mission grass US 

Pennisetum polystachion Pennisetum, feather US 

Pennisetum setaceum Fountaingrass (Fountaingrass, green) HI and NV

Phleum pratense Timothy DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Phragmites australis Reed, common NE

Physalis lobata (a synonym of Quincula 

lobata)

Groundcherry, purpleflower CO

Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata Groundcherry, smooth ID

Piper aduncum Pepper, spiked HI

Pittosporum undulatum Box, Victorian HI

Plantago aristata Buckhorn (Plantain, bracted) AL, GA, LA, NC, OK, SC, and TX
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-114-

Plantago aristata Plantain, bracted AL, GA, LA, NC, OK, SC, and TX

Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn AL, IL, IN, IA, MO, OH, WV, and WI

Plantago lanceolata Plantain, buckhorn AR, CO, FL, GA, ID, KS, KY, LA, ME, 

MA, MI, MN, MS, NC, OK, PA, RI, SC, 

TN, TX, and WY

Plantago spp. Buckhorn AK and MS

Plantago spp. Plantain AK, CT, MS, and WA

Poa annua Bluegrass, annual AK, CT, DE, DC, FL, KY, MD, MA, NJ, 

NY, PA, SD, TN, TX, VA, and WV

Poa trivialis Bluegrass, rough DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Polygonum convolvulus Bindweed, black (Buckwheat, wild) AK, KS, and OK

Polygonum convolvulus Buckwheat, wild (black bindweed) AK, KS, and OK

Polygonum cuspidatum Knotweed, Japanese WY

Polygonum perfoliatum Mile-a-minute PA and WI

Polygonum spp. Knotweed complex, Japanese MT

Portulaca oleracea Purslane, common AZ

Potamogeton crispus Pondweed, curly leaf MT

Potentilla recta Cinquefoil, sulfur CO, MT, NV, UT, and WY

Prosopis alpataco Prosopis alpataco US 

Prosopis argentina Prosopis argentina US 

Prosopis articulata Amargo, mesquite US 

Prosopis burkartii Prosopis burkartii US 

Prosopis caldenia Prosopis caldenia US 

Prosopis calingastana Cusqui US 

Prosopis campestris Prosopis campestris US 

Prosopis castellanosii Prosopis castellanosii US 

Prosopis denudans Prosopis denudans US 

Prosopis elata Prosopis elata US 

Prosopis farcta Prosopis farcta US 

Prosopis ferox Prosopis ferox US 

Prosopis fiebrigii Prosopis fiebrigii US 

Prosopis hassleri Prosopis hassleri US 

Prosopis humilis Prosopis humilis US 

Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora HI

Prosopis kuntzei Prosopis kuntzei US 

Prosopis pallida Algarrobo US 

Prosopis pallida Huarango US 

Prosopis pallida Kiawe US 

Prosopis palmeri Prosopis palmeri US 

Prosopis reptans var. reptans Prosopis reptans var. reptans US 

Prosopis rojasiana Prosopis rojasiana US 

Prosopis ruizlealii Prosopis ruizlealii US 

Prosopis ruscifolia Prosopis ruscifolia US 

Prosopis sericantha Prosopis sericantha US 

Prosopis strombulifera Prosopis strombulifera US 

Prosopis torquata Prosopis torquata US 

Pueraria lobata (a synonym of Pueraria 

montana var. lobata) 

Kudzu (Kudzu-vine) KS, PA, and WI

Pueraria phaseoloides Kudzu, tropical HI

Quincula lobata Groundcherry, purpleflower CO

Ranunculus acris Buttercup, tall MT

Raphanus raphanistrum Radish, wild AK, CT, FL, GA, ME, MA, MI, MN, 

MS, NH, NC, RI, SC, TX, VT, WA, and 

WI

Raphanus spp. Radish, wild AL and VA

Rapistrum rugosum Mustard, common giant TX

Rhaponticum repens Knapweed, Russian ND and WA

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rosemyrtle, downy HI

Rhynchospora spp. Spearhead LA
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-115-

Ricinus communis Castor TX

Rorippa austriaca Fieldcress, Austrian AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, NV, OR, and WA

Rosa multiflora Rose, multiflora PA

Rottboellia cochinchinensis Itchgrass (raoulgrass) LA, NC, TX and US 

Rottboellia exaltata (a synonym of

Rottboellia cochinchinensis)

Itchgrass (raoulgrass) AR, LA, SC, and TN 

Rubus argutus Blackberry, prickly Florida HI

Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus Raspberry, yellow Himalayan HI 

Rubus moluccanus Rubus moluccanus US 

Rubus niveus Raspberry, hill HI

Rubus plicatus Rubus fruticosus (complex) US 

Rubus sieboldii Raspberry, Molucca HI

Rumex acetosella Sorrel (sheep or red) See dock. AL, FL, GA, IA, KY, LA, MO, NE, OK, 

SC, and TN

Rumex altissimus Dock, smooth (Dock, smoothleaf) IA and NE

Rumex conglomeratus Docks FL

Rumex crispus Dock, curled (curly dock), (Dock, sour),

or (Docks)

AZ, CO, FL, IA, IL, IN, MI, MT, NE, 

NV, NC, OH, and WY 

Rumex obtusifolius Dock, broadleaf (Docks) FL and NC

Rumex spp. Dock and/or Sorrel AL except hastatulus, AR, CT, GA, KS, 

LA, MS, MO, NE, OK, SC, TN, TX, and 

WA

Rumex spp. Sorrels or Docks WA

Rumex venosus Dock, winged (see sorrel) NE

Saccharum spontaneum Geshoumi US 

Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane, wild US 

Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead US 

Salsola kali (or S. kali vars. or S. pestifer,

synonyms of S. australis)

Thistle, Russian AZ, HI, and MO

Salsola vermiculata Salsola, wormleaf US 

Salsola vermiculata Saltwort, Mediterranean US 

Salvia aethiopis Sage, Mediterranean CA, CO, and NV

Salvinia auriculata Fern, butterfly US 

Salvinia auriculata Payal, African US 

Salvinia auriculata Salvinia, giant US 

Salvinia biloba Salvinia, giant US

Salvinia herzogii Salvinia, giant US

Salvinia molesta Kariba-weed US 

Salvinia molesta Salvinia, giant AZ, NV, and US

Saponaria officinalis Bouncingbet CO

Senecio inaequidens Ragwort, narrow-leaf US

Senecio inaequidens Ragwort, South African US

Senecio jacobaea Ragwort, tansy AZ, ID, MT, and, OR

Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed HI and US

Senna obtusifolia Sicklepod MD, MS, and VA

Senna tora Sicklepod AL

Sesbania exaltata Coffeebean AR 

Sesbania exaltata Indigo, tall (Coffeebean) or (Sesbania, 

hemp)

AR and LA

Sesbania exaltata Sesbania, hemp (Coffeebean) or (Indigo, 

tall)

AR and LA 

Setaria faberi Foxtail, giant AL, AR, CO, DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, 

KY, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, OK, SC, 

SD, TN, TX, and VA

Setaria pallide-fusca Cattail grass US

Setaria spp. Foxtail, giant MS

Sicyos angulatus Burcucumber DE and NJ

Sida hederacea (a synonym of Malvella 

leprosa) 

Mallow, alkali AZ
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-116-

Silene alba (Lychnis alba and Silene alba 

are synonyms of Silene latifolia subsp.

alba)

Cockle, white WI

Silene vulgaris Campion, bladder WA and WY

Silybum marianum Thistle, blessed milk TX

Sinapis arvensis Charlock (Mustard, wild) CO, IA, IN, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA, and 

WI

Sinapis arvensis Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, 

and turnip.

AZ, CO, IA, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA, WI, 

and WY

Sinapis arvensis Turnip, wild - Shown as (Charlock) or as 

(Mustard, wild)

CO, IA, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA, and WI

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, wild) WA

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, 

and turnip.

OH, and WA

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis Turnip, wild - Shown as (Mustard, wild) WA

Sinapis spp. Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, wild) or 

(Turnips, wild)

TX

Sinapis spp. Mustard, wild See also charlock, rape, 

and turnip.

TX

Sinapis spp. Turnip, wild TX 

Solanum americanum Nightshade KS

Solanum carolinense Bullnettle (Horsenettle) or (Carolina

horsenettle)

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, 

GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, ME, MD, 

MA, MI, MN, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NY, 

NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, 

VT, and WV

Solanum carolinense Horsenettle, Carolina (Horsenettle) or 

(Bullnettle)

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, 

GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, ME, MD, 

MA, MI, MN, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, 

NV, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, 

VT, and WV

Solanum dulcamara Nightshade, bitter MI

Solanum elaeagnifolium Horsenettle, white (Nightshade) AL, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, HI, ID, KS, 

LA, MI, NM, NV, OK, SC, TX, and WA

Solanum elaeagnifolium Nightshade – (Horsenettle) or 

Nightshade, (purple) (silverleaf) (white)

AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, HI, ID, 

KS, LA, MI, NV, NM, OK, SC, TX, and 

WA

Solanum interius Nightshade complex, black KS

Solanum nigrum Nightshade, black KS and MI

Solanum ptychanthum Nightshade, Eastern black IN, KS, MI, MN, and MO

Solanum robustum Nightshade, silverleaf HI

Solanum rostratum Buffalobur HI and ID

Solanum sarrachoides (a synonym of

Solanum physalifolium)

Nightshade, hairy KS and MI

Solanum spp. Tropical soda apple MS

Solanum tampicense Nightshade, wetland US

Solanum torvum Terongan HI and US 

Solanum torvum Turkeyberry HI and US 

Solanum viarum Tropical soda apple AL, AZ, AR, FL, GA, LA, SC, TX, and 

US 

Sonchus arvensis Sowthistle, perennial AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, 

KS, ME, MA, MI, MN, MT, ND, NV, 

OH, OR, PA, RI, SD, VT, WA, WV, WI, 

and WY

Sorghum × almum Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) CO, FL, GA, HI, KY, MS, MO, OH, SC, 

TN, UT, and VA

Sorghum × Almum Sorghum almum (columbus grass) GA, HI, KY, MS, MO, OH, SC, TN, UT, 

and VA

Sorghum bicolor Shattercane OH and PA
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-117-

Sorghum halepense Columbus grass - Shown as (Sorghum 

almum)

CA, IL, KS, MI, MS, IN, and TX

Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass *** SEE INDIVIDUAL 

STATES FOR INTERPRETATIONS ***

AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, 

ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MS, 

MO, NE, NJ, NM, NC, NV, OH, OK, 

OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, and WV

Sorghum halepense Sorghum almum - Shown as Sorghum 

almum

AL, CA, CO, FL, IL, IN, KS, MI, MS, 

PA, and TX

Sorghum spp. Columbus grass - Shown as (Sorghum 

almum). See also johnsongrass, 

sorghum, and sudangrass.

AZ, DE, NV, NJ, UT, VA, and WA

Sorghum spp. Sorghum almum (Sorghum almum), 

(Sorgrass), or (Sorghum, species 

perennial) 

AZ, CA, DE, MD, NJ, NV, SC, UT, VA, 

and WA 

Sorghum spp. Sudangrass, perennial sweet-type -

hybrids derived therefrom or rhizomatous 

derivatives of S. almum and S. halepense 

or seed indistinguishable from 

johnsongrass. See also columbus grass, 

johnsongrass, and sorghum.)

AL, AZ, DE, IL, KS, KY, MD, MI, MS, 

PA, SC, TX, and VA

Sparganium erectum Bur-reed, exotic US 

Spartium junceum Broom, Spanish HI

Spermacoce alata Borreria US

Sphaerophysa salsula Peaweed, Austrian NV and OR

Stachys palustris Woundwort ME

Stipa brachychaeta Punagrass AZ

Stipa spp. Needlegrasses HI

Stipa trichotoma (a synonym of Nassella 

trichotoma)

Tussock, nasella HI 

Striga asiatica Witchweed NC and SC

Striga spp. Witchweed AZ, HI, and US 

Swainsona salsula or Sphaerophysa 

salsula (a synonym of Swainsona salsula)

Swainsonpea ID and WY

Taeniatherum caput-medusae Medusahead CO, HI, NV, and UT

Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp.

caput-medusae

Medusahead CA, WA, and WY

Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp.

caput-medusae

Medusahead rye ID

Tagetes minuta Marigold, wild HI

Tamarix parviflora and T. ramosissima Saltcedar CO and NE

Tamarix ramosissima Saltcedar NE and UT

Tamarix spp. Saltcedar (Tamarisk) MT, NV, and WY

Tamarix spp. Tamarisk (Saltcedar) MT

Tanacetum vulgare Tansy, Common (Tansy) MT and WY

Themeda villosa Lyon's grass HI

Thlaspi arvense Fanweed (Frenchweed) or (Pennycress,

field)

IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, OH, SD, WA 

Thlaspi arvense Frenchweed (Fanweed) or (Pennycress,

field)

IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, OH, SD, WA

Thlaspi arvense Pennycress (Pennycress, field), 

(Fanweed), or (Frenchweed) 

IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, NV, OH, SD, and 

WA

Tibouchina spp. Tibouchina HI

Trapa natans Water-chestnut AZ

Tribulus terrestris Puncturevine AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, IA, MI, NE, NV, 

TX, WA, and WY

Tridax procumbens Coat-buttons US 

Tridax procumbens Daisy, tridax US 

Triumfetta rhomboidea Bur, paroquet HI

Triumfetta semitriloba Bur, Sacramento HI
2014 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

SCIENTIFIC NAME CROSS REFERENCE

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States and Federal (US = Federal)

APPENDIX B

-118-

Ulex europaeus Gorse HI

Urena lobata Caesarweed HI

Urochloa panicoides Liverseed grass US 

Verbascum thapsus Mullein HI

Vicia cracca Vetch, tufted AK

Xanthium pensylvanicum (a synonym of

Xanthium strumarium)

Cocklebur IN

Xanthium spp. Cocklebur AL, AR, FL, GA, HI, KS, LA, MS, NC, 

OK, SC, TN, and TX

Xanthium strumarium Cocklebur DE, IA, MD, and MI

Zygophyllum fabago Beancaper, Syrian ID, NV
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