## Lhoist North America Cement Industry Experience DSI for Acid Gas Control October 5, 20112



## Sorbacal ® 

## Product Development Emission Control Hydrates • From a standard hydrate to a high performance hydrated lime

 Standard hydrated lime  Sorbacal® H: First generation emission control hydrated lime  Sorbacal ® SP/SPS : Next generation - high pore volume and high specific surface area hydrated lime 

## • The decisive parameters to enhance the gas/solid contact are Pore Volume and Specific Surface Area of the reagent3 

## Sorbacal ® 

## – A Widespread Product Municipal and hospital solid waste incineration

Industrial waste incineration HCl

SO2
SO 2 HF HCl
Sludge incineration SO 2 HCl SO 3 plume in Power plants SO 3 Brick and tile factories, cement plants, Glass industry, Non ferrous metals ... SO 2 HCl HF4 

## Standard Hydrate
• Physical characteristics  Surface 14 – 18 m2/g (BET) 

### • Reaction depending on temperature and humidity 

### • Disadvantage: Difficult to achieve high performance for certain applications



### • Physical characteristics  Finer particles and high surface area  Surface > 20 m2/g (BET) 

## Sorbacal ® 

## H Range of Products5



## Sorbacal ® 

## SP and SPS Sorbacal ® 

## SP • Physical characteristics  High porosity  Surface > 40 m2/g (BET) • High removal capacity through controlled influence of porosity (accessibility by acidic components) 

## Sorbacal ® 

## SPS • Sorbacal® SP is activated before use to allow the gases to reach the porosities more easily Important to Note: These products differ in Physical Structure (crystal form), but not in Chemistry (i.e. Ca(OH) 2-Content)6



## Factors That Impact DSI Effectiveness
• Flue gas properties  Temperature  Moisture  Competing acid gases  CO2 concentration 

## • Reagent properties  Particle surface area  Pore shape, size and volume  Particle size distribution 

## • System properties  Distribution of reagent injection  In -flight residence time  Particulate control device7



## Demonstration and Commercial Use Experience
• Injection trials in Europe have led to commercial use of DSI technology with Sorbacal® products within the cement industry

 For SO2 , HCl, HF

• Case Studies/References available8 Sorbacal ® Lime Injection 

## Typical Cement Plant Layout9



## Typical DSI Equipment Arrangement10 

### • August 2011 Full Scale Trial with Major Cement Producer in US  4-Stage Pre-calciner Kiln, capacity of ~ 1 million tons of clinker a year  Tested standard hydrate and Sorbacal ® SPS  3 Injection Locations  1 - Inlet of ID Fan  2- Dust Return Into Kiln Feed  3- Inlet of Baghouse 

## Cement Industry Trial

311  Ran various injection feed rates  Monitored HCl utilizing FTIR and SO 2 by CEMS  Collected Baghouse dust samples for chloride analysis  Limited trial length, limitation on low end feed rate 

## Cement Industry Trial, con’t

• DSI Proven to be Effective Alternative to Scrubbers  Depends on site specifics, but in this trial:  Injection at the ID Fan provided optimal solution • Temperature ~ 720F • Good Mixing and Dispersion in Baghouse
 Cement NESHAP HCl emission limits (3ppm) can be achieved • Additionally, greater than 70% removal of SO2 was achieved • Both standard hydrate and Sorbacal® SP could meet HCl requirements, but at different feed rates12



## Trial Results - HCl
• Standard Hydrate at Constant Feed Rate (~ 1 TPH)  Varying Injection Locations (Temperature and Mixing)  Result – Injection at Inlet of ID Fan Optimal Location for HCl Reduction13



## Trial Results - HCl
• Standard Hydrate Injected at Optimal Injection Location (ID Fan Inlet)  Varying Feed Rate  Result – Can meet NESHAP HCl limit with standard hydrate at high feed rates14



## Trial Results - HCl
• Standard Hydrate vs. Sorbacal ® SP at ID Fan Inlet  Approximately 1 TPH Feed Rate  Result – Can meet NESHAP HCl limit with Sorbacal ® SP at this feed rate  Limitation of this trial was feeder turn down ratio  Lower feed rates may obtain NESHAP HCl emission limits15



## Trial Results – SO 2


### • Standard Hydrate Injected at Optimal Injection Location (ID Fan Inlet)  Varying Feed Rate16



## Trial Results – SO 2


### • Standard Hydrate vs. Sorbacal® 

### SP at ID Fan Inlet  Approximately 1 TPH Feed Rate17



## Summary

• DSI Utilizing Hydrated Lime Can Be An Effective Solution to Achieve NESHAP HCl Emission Limit Compliance

 Standard hydrated lime may be acceptable in some applications  Others may require high quality enhanced hydrates such as Sorbacal® SP  Will depend on site specific parameters  Baghouse dust will need to be bled due to chloride buildup • Next Steps  Additional trials are to be performed at other sites to duplicate results  Optimize feed rates required to meet the 3ppm limit  May not require 1 TPH; this was a limitation of the feeder • Contact Melissa Sewell Lhoist North America (formerly Chemical Lime Company) melissa.sewell@lhoist.com 817.806.1549