Table 6.--"Other" animals used in experimentation (1973)--(Con. )
(A tabulation of animals listed as "other" in Table 5)

State | Rabbits { Hamsters | Guinea Pigs Wild Animals
L i
New Mexico. .. - 12 4,000 - -
New York ..- + 47,666 38,621 53,324 9,230
North Carolina. . 3,095 2,594 4,304 75
North Dakota . . 539 20 714 -
Ohio ...-+-+-+ 7,827 8,200 10,539 1,113
Oklahoma. ...- - 562 193 1,384 -
Oregon. .- +--+ = 952 479 471 597
Pennsylvania. . . 28,798 11,119 33,887 800
Rhode Island. . - 534 720 58 1
South Carolina. - 1,762 900 1,123 244
South Dakota. . - 348 500 282 -
Tennessee... . 8,513 4,449 1,089 208
Texas ......- 17,039 26,824 3,883 540
Utah... ..-. 1,353 50 170 -
Vermont ....- 1,087 339 463 3
Virginia. .... 8,237 1,269 4,272 835
Washington» - + + 192 7 130 -
West Virginia + + 630 350 1,475 -
Wisconsin .... 6,495 4,767 5,583 . 189
Wyoming .---- 98 19 84 132
Puerto Rico .- + - - - -
Virgin Islands. . - - - -
Dist. of Columbia 800 194 “108 53

22


a BN-42014

Wild animal parks are a type of exhibit that can provide excellent care
for animals, but the large open areas pose special challenges in assuring
each individual animal the benefits of USDA's standards,

INSPECTIONS

APHIS inspectors inspect licensees and registrants to assure that USDA
regulations and standards of animal care are being-met (see Appendix, Table
3).

Regulations cover animal identification, recordkeeping, business
operations, required annual reports, inspection for missing animals,
and confiscation and destruction of animals. The facilities and staff of
the operation must meet standards on animal housing, handling, feeding,
watering, sanitation, ventilation, shelter, separation of incompatible
animals, adequate veterinary care, and transportation. Investigators also
inspect nonlicensed operations where they monitor activities and review
records to see if the operation should be licensed or registered.

By law, the responsibility for requesting a license or registration
lies with the applicant and failure to take such action is a violation.
However, as a matter of policy, a potential licensee or registrant is
usually given opportunity to apply for such a license or registration
before legal action is initiated.


—_— ew a eee

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
VETERINARY SERVICES
FEDERAL CENTER BUILDING
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782

Dear Mr. 2
This is in reference to your recent letter concerning the welfare of animals.

The Department is concerned for proper care of animals. Passage of
the Animal Welfare Act of 1970 now provides for expanded coverage to
promote adequate care and “creature comforts" for animals used in
research and those sold by wholesale dealers for pets. The Act

also covers exhibition animals.

As authorized by the Act, the Department has minimum standards with
respect to handling, housing, feeding, watering, sanitation,
ventilation, shelter from extremes of weather and temperature,
separation by species, and adequate veterinary care. Every person
licensed or registered by the Department under the Act must comply
with the above minimum requirements or be subject to prosecution.
Department personnel make periodic unannounced inspections to ensure
compliance. Congress stated that such inspections must be made by
Department personnel.

Government agencies must abide by the law and the regulations
promulgated by the Department to enforce the law. This is required
by Section 14 of the Act which states: ". . . any Department agency,
or instrumentality of the United States having laboratory animal
facilities shall comply with the standards promulgated by the
Secretary for a research facility."

We are forwarding a "Fact Sheet" on the beagle experiment which
explains the purpose of the experiment, why the test must be conducted,
an explanation of debarking and a description of the animal quarters.
used for the animals in the experiment. .

We appreciate your comments on the welfare of animals. We believe
all animals, wherever they are found, should be treated in a humane
manner.

The Department does and intends to continue enforcing vigorously the
provisions of the Animal Welfare Act to prevent the mistreatment of
any animals covered by the Act.

Sincerely,
B. C. Swindle

Senior Staff Veterinarian
Animal Care Staff

30


Table 2.--Number of cancelled licenses and inactive registrations (1967-1973)

State Licensed Animal exhibitors Registered
dealers | research
Licensed | Registered facilities

TOTAL U.S. 552 13 18 101
Alabama- - +++: 4 - - 3
Alaska - +--+ + + - - - 1
Arizona. - ++ ++ 2 - - -
Avkansas+ + + + + 3 - - -
California. .-- 8 3 1 13
Colorado. - ++ = 8 - - 4
Connecticut. + + + 7 - - 4
Delaware -- +--+: 5 - - -
Florida. .-- +--+ 7 - - 2
Georgiae - +++: - - - 1
Hawaii. 2. + + ee - - - 1
Idaho. 2. + es wee - - - _
Illinois. . +++ 21 - - 7
Indiana. - + ++ 10 2 - 1
Towas see eee 24 - - 1
Kansas... s+ +6 49 - - 1
Kentucky. »- + ++ 6 - - -
Louisiana. .. + + - - - 1
Maine... ee +e 1 - - -
Maryland. . +--+ 20 - - 3
Massachusetts. + + il - 1 3
Michigan. ...-- 8 3 1 8
Minnesota. . + +> 12 - - 1
Mississippi. +--+ - - - - -
Missouri. - - + + 85 1 1 3
Montana. +» « e+ + 1 - - -
Nebraska... ++ 17 - -

Nevada. - 2. +--+ 4 - - -
New Hampshire. - 3 - 1 -
New Jersey- +--+ + il -- - 2
New Mexico. «+ + - - - _
New York... -- 28 - 1 7
North Carolina. . 10 - - 2

14


PUBLIC INFORMATION ACTIVITIES

A public information officer in the APHIS Information Division is assig
ed to cover animal care activities. Information on animal care activities i:
distributed through all information media by the USDA Office of Communicatio
and/or regional information offices of the Department. Separate mailing lis
are prepared and maintained for mailings to industries affected by animal ca:
regulations, associations of pet owners and animal lovers, humane societies,
and the general public. .

During 1973, six press releases were issued on program changes that
affected licensees and registrants, and nine releases, on legal actions take
by APHIS to enforce the Animal Welfare Act.

APHIS also distributed five leaflets and bulletins to the public during
the year. Titles available are:

1. APHIS Likes Animals, a l-page reprint reviewing all animal care ac-
tivities.

2. Regulating Animal Care in the Pet Industry, a 6-page illustrated na
ration for a slide set of interest principally to pet dealers.

3. Fifty Questions and Answers for Pet Dealers About Animal Care
Regulations (nine pages).

4. What Animal Exhibitors Should Know About Licensing and Registering
Under the Animal Welfare Act (eight pages).

5. Selection and Care of Common Household Pets (AIB-332) , a 24-page
elementary guide to pet owners on the characteristics and basic requirements
of pets.

USDA's taped television series, Across the Fence, presented a 10-minute
segment on animal care enforcement during 1973. The tape was telecast in
Washington, on August 11 and 14, and sent to 130 other stations for airing a
their convenience.

Exhibits that explain animal care enforcement were shown at four conven
tions and trade shows during 1973. They consist of easy-to-handle wall hang
ings or table-top-exhibits. :

Public Correspondence

The Animal Care Staff has several secretaries who spend most of their
time typing letters in response to the many inquiries from Congress, affecte:
industries or the general public on various aspects of animal care and humanc
law enforcement. During 1973, the staff answered 399 Congressional inquiries
73 inquiries from affected industries, and about 4,000 inquiries from the

general public.


However, most trading points popularly known as "animal auctions" are
places where animals are sold from one individual to another. There is no
central management and no public interplay between competing bidders. These
sales do not fit Webster's definition of auctions and the organizers are not
subject to regulation under the Animal Welfare Act.

Nonetheless, APHIS inspectors cover these trading points, because
animal dealers who buy and sell are individually subject to USDA regulations
and standards of care and comfort for their animals.

Airport Inspection

USDA has no jurisdiction over common carriers--including airlines--that
carry animals. In response to public interest in allegedly poor animal
handling during air shipments, APHIS inspectors began in 1973 to monitor
care and treatment of animals licensees and registrants ship, even if a
common carrier ultimately carries the shipment.

APHIS inspections at airports uncovered a number of apparent violations
on the part of USDA licensees and identified a number of shippers who
apparently should be licensed but haven't applied. We inform shippers of
discrepancies, and if they. are not corrected, APHIS initiates legal action
against the person responsible.

In addition, APHIS officials cooperated with the National Council
on Animal Transportation, a private group organized by the American Humane
Association, including principals involved in animal shipments. This group
is developing standards for humane care and treatment during air shipments.
These standards would be voluntary guidelines, but they would provide an
objective basis to evaluate complaints.

APHIS also is working closely with the Federal Aviation Administration
and the Civil Aeronautics Board--two other agencies with some jurisdiction
over air shipments. Among other things, the three agencies are determining
what problems exist for animals shipped by air and how best to resolve them;
this consultation was recommended by the House Subcommittee on Special Studies
in oversight hearings held in September 1973.

ALLEGED VIOLATIONS

Failure to comply with regulations and standards under the Act does not
always result in immediate legal action. Inspectors assist licensees and
registrants to attain compliance, and most of them correct deficiencies within
the agreed period of time. Time limits set for corrections are made narrower
as the likelihood of harm to animals increases.

In cases, where licensees and registrants fail tc correct irregularities
the field force prepares an investigative file for prosecution through the
courts or in administrative proceedings. From all sources--APHIS inspections
and searches plus outside sources of complaints--18 cases were investigated
during 1973 (see Appendix, Table 4).


APPENDIX

Table 1.--Number of active licensees and registrants (1973)

State Licensed Rolding Animal exhibitors Registered
dealers | facilities research

Licensed L Registered|facilities

TOTAL U.S* ° 4,287 125 286 604 865
Alabama: + + 17 - 4 - 5
Alaska: + ° + - - - 3 1
Arizona: + + 9 - - 6 6
Arkansas* + + 15 - 2 1 2
California: - 44 - 49 13 76
Colorado: + + 52 - 2 14 20
Connecticut + 15 - 6 9 16
Delaware: + ° 8 - ~ 1 9
Florida: > °° 79 - 14 59 15
Georgia: + *- 2 - 5 5 6
Hawaii > ++ > - - 2 4 6
Idaho- - + + + 10 - 6 1 2
Illinois» + + 157 - 8 21 73
Indiana+ + - 33 - 12 3 16
Jowa: + + ++ 516 4 1 5 7
Kansas + +--+ 1451 23 5 3 15
Kentucky - + * 7 - 2 6 3
Louisiana > - 3 - 4 2 10
Maine+- ++ + 8 - 1 4 7
Maryland + + + 42 - 3 10 15
Massachusetts 70 - 5 12 53
Michigan+ + + 18 - 6 46 28
Minnesota: - 771 - 4 36 19
Mississippi - 2 - 1 1 2
Missouri+ +: 725 - 6 10 22
Montana: + +* 5 - 1 1 3
Nebraska+ + + 77 8 1 1 5
Nevadas +--+ 2 - - 7 1
New Hampshire 4 2 3 5 4
New Jersey> + 43 8 6 17 54
New Mexico” * 6 20 1 3 5
New York+ + + 86 - 26 11 103
North Carolina 22 - 5 5 10

le


A

Animal
Welfare
Enforcement
1973

. REPORT OF THE

SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE

TO THE

PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE

AND THE

SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

United States Department of Agriculture e Issued June 1974


State

“TOTAL U.S. .
California. .
Illinois...
Iowa 2...
Kansas. +. .
Louisiana - -
Massachusetts
Michigan «- -
New Jersey + -
Ohio - +--+ =
Pennsylvania -
South Dakota -

Wisconsin - -

Received
ieee BB
see 2
rr 1
ee eee 2
wee 1
ee eee 1
wee 1
wee 2
wee 2
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se eee 1
eee 1
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Processed

13

2

18


Table 3.--Number of inspections (1973)

State Prelicensing Routine Searches
TOTAL U.S. 3501 10965 6001
Alabama. ...- - oe 15 78 1
Alaska. . 1... ee - 2 -
Arizona... .- . 2 55 2
Arkansas . - + - . 6 22 3
California... oe 76 516 3
Colorado. -. + = . 40 303 113
Connecticut. . - . 8 65 13
Delaware... - . 5 55 -
Florida. .... . 110 436 219
Georgia. .... . 8 84 31
Hawaii. «2... . 3 37 4
Idaho... ..- . 8 29 -
Illinois... . . 115 627 631
Indiana. .... . 29 107 -
Iowa. se eee . 403 474 845
Kansas ..... . 1366 1390 14
Kentucky .... . 6 118 400
Louisiana... . . 11 92 5
Maine... +e . 3 52 -
Maryland... . . 23 305 57
Massachusetts . . . 39 330 146
Michigan... . . 34 267 59
Minnesota... - . 53 313 189
Mississippi... . - 20 ll
Missouri... . . 390 610 748
Montana... . - . 3 19 2
Nebraska... - . 53 155 44
Nevada... 2s - . - 20 1
New Hampshire. . . 3 23 -
New Jersey... . 17 146 20
New Mexico... . 9 47 3
New York. . . . - . 80 764 314
North Carolina . . 38 116 613
North Dakota. . . 1 70 8
Ohio. ». seas . 78 368 102

16


BN-4201

The Animal Welfare Act requires the attending veterinarian at registered

research institutions to be responsible for the health of laboratory animals
and to assure the use of adequate pain-relieving drugs.

10


ANIMAL CARE OFFICERS

Line and staff officers ‘of APHIS Veterinary Services cooperate in the
administration of the Animal Welfare Act (see Appendix). The animal care
staff has six specialists headquartered in Hyattsville, Md. (near Washington,
D.C.), who work full-time on coordinating and improving nationwide enforcement.

Field Force

Field work is done by approximately 600 veterinarians and an approximately
equal number of technicians who spend about 5 percent of their time on animal
care. The rest of their effort is directed at national programs of livestock
and poultry disease eradication and control.

A realignment within Veterinary Services in 1973 reduced the number of
field officers from 47 to 18. They are organized into five regions directed
from Hyattsville, and they handle all contact between USDA and its licensees
and registrants (see Appendix).

_ Uniform Enforcement

In any nationwide effort to enforce regulations and standards, emphasis
must be placed on first training the enforcement officers and then assuring
that they interpret the regulations and standards uniformly. APHIS has
encouraged seminars on uniform interpretation of animal care regulations and
standards at all levels of management, ranging from short briefings to formal
training courses.

During 1973, eight training courses were held, (5 regional, 3 area)
attended by inspectors principally involved in animal care enforcement plus
their supervisors. Altogether, 300 persons attended. The program drew
heavily upon the expertise of the Animal Care Staff and the experiences of
those familiar with enforcement in the field. The students also were exposed
to the opinions and experience of noted outside authorities in the animal care
field.

LICENSEES AND REGISTRANTS

The Animal Welfare Act requires the Secretary of Agriculture to prepare
lists of all licensees and registrants under the Act. These lists are public
information and were updated and republished prior to preparation of this
report. At the time of preparation, these lists contained the names and
addresses of 4,287 licensed dealers, 286 licensed exhibitors, 604 registered
exhibitors, and 865 registered research facilities (see Separates). ~


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ANIMAL CARE ADMINISTRATION

Programs Development and Application
Hyattsville, Maryland

Dr. F. W. Hansen, Jr. Dr. R. P. Jones
Acting Director Assistant Director

ANIMAL CARE STAFF

Dr. B. C. Swindle Mr. Francis W. Germaine
Senior Staff Veterinarian Program Specialist
Case preparation and administration

Dr. Oscar F. Clabaugh Dr. Lois E. Hinson
Chief Staff Veterinarian Chief Staff Veterinarian
Zoo, circus, and. show animal care Horse protection (and other animal

care matters)

Dr. Melvin R. Crane Dr. Dale F. Schwindaman

Staff Veterinarian Chief Staff Veterinarian

Pet and Laboratory Animal Care Laboratory animal medicine and
- technology

28


BN-4201

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has a field force of
600 veterinarians and an approximately equal number of technicians who spend
about 5 percent of their time inspecting licensees and registrants under the

Animal Welfare Act.

ii


CONTENTS

Introduction .ecccec ccc c eee cence eee e nee e nena see e ener eeseseeseseeees
Animal care officers .
Field force ...-
Uniform enforcement.......
Licensees and registrants ....
Current licensees ....
Active registrants.
Former licensees and inactive registrants...
Inspections cesdscsccsscccecccseccscccesees

Routine inspections and searches .....
Airport inspection .........eeeeee

Legal action ..---e.eeeeeeee
Public information activities ..
Public correspondence .....
Use of ‘pain-relieving drugs .
Proposed legislative changes
APPENdix seeeeceesccerecrccccccsccvcscesvscsoees
Table 1.--Number of active licensees and registrants (1973).........
Table 2.--Number of cancelled licenses and inactive registrations
(oR). 5 Ck) ee ee ees
Table 3.--Number of inspections (1973) ....
Table 4.--Number of alleged violations (1973).
Table 5.--Animals used in experimentation (1973) -
Table 6.--"Other" animals used in experimentation--A tabulation of
animals listed as "Other" in table 5 ....cceceeeec ee cecccceceeeee
Table 7.--Experiments involving pain to animals (1973)....+ssesseees
APHIS line and staff officers (for enforcing the Animal Welfare Act)
Sample USDA press release 2.2... cececcccececscccccsccseerecseceeeeces
Sample answer to ANQUITY- +e eee eee cece eect ere newer eeesereeeeeeeseees
Separates
List of licensed dealers
List of registered research facilities
List of licensed exhibitors
List of registered exhibitors

a
»
E

WO MOIAHDAY FHWWWwNNnn HY


Table 5.--Animals used in experimentation (1973)--(Con.)

State Number of Number of _. Number of animals by species
registrants all animals Dors ‘| Cats [ Primates | 0 Other

Oklahoma +--+: > 7 3,410 875 231 165 2,139 -
Oregon + + +++ 9 5,521 965 811 1,246 2,499
Pennsylvania +++ 60 95,619 12,057 5,318 3,640 74,604
Rhode Island + + - 8 2,841 1,085 349 94 1,313
South Carolina. . 3 9,007 3,528 683 767 4,029
South Dakota. . + 2 1,341 89 122 - 1,130
Tennessee -+-+-+ 10 18,126 3,091 658 118 14,259
Texas + +--+. + 18 68,266 15,231 2,087 2,662 48,286
Utah... e+. .e 6 3,291 1,322 375 21 1,573
Vermont ..... 7 2,377 -307 170 8 1,892
Virginia ..... 15 21,964 3,701 2,345 1,305 14,613
Washington... + 14 425 36 50 10 329
West Virginia - - 1 2,865 350 30 30 2,455
Wisconsin ... + 23 24,271 4,402 870 1,965 17,034
Wyoming +++ + + 3 357 13 11 - 333
Puerto Rico .. + 1 143 143 - - -
Virgin Islands . - - = - - -
Dist. of Columbia. 6 3,249 1,241 853 53 1,155

20


SOUTHEAST REGION

Regional director:

Dr. Milton J. Tillery
Hyattsville, Maryland

Area Veterinarians in Charge:

Area 7

Dr. W. E. Ivey

P.O. Box 510

548 U.S. Courthouse
Nashville, Tennessee 37202

States covered: Kentucky,
Tennessee

Area 8

Dr. Claude Nelson

P.O. Box 1120

400 Milner Building

Lamar and Pearl Streets
Jackson, Mississippi 39205

States covered: Mississippi,
Alabama

Area 9

Dr. 0. L. Kelsey

P.O. Box 11598

Columbia, South Carolina 29211

States covered: North Carolina
South Carolina, Georgia

Area 10

Dr. W. W. Bird

P.O. Box 660400 |

Miami Springs, Florida 33166

States covered: Florida,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands

SOUTH CENTRAL REGION

Regional director:

Dr. Paul Becton

Hyattsville, Maryland

Area Veterinarians in Charge:

Area 11

Dr. C. J. Mikel

1421 Federal Building

115 Northwest 6

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma’ 73102

States covered: Oklahoma, Arkansas
Louisiana

Area 12

Dr. E. S. Cox

Room 301

702 Colorado Street
Austin, Texas 78701

States covered: New Mexico,
Texas