# USER GUIDE

TRIMBLE UX5 AERIAL IMAGING SOLUTION

1 Version2.0 Revision A February2015Legal Information

Trimble Navigation Limited 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, California 94085 U.S.A. www.trimble.com Copyright and Trademarks © 2013–2015,Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Trimble and the Globe and Triangle logo are trademarks ofTrimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States and in other countries. Access is a trademark ofTrimble Navigation Limited. Microsoftand Windows are eitherregistered trademarks ortrademarks of MicrosoftCorporation in the United States and/orothercountries. All othertrademarks are the property oftheirrespective owners. COCOM Limits The U.S. DepartmentofCommerce requires thatall exportable GPS products contain performance limitations sothatthey cannot be used in a mannerthatcould threaten the security ofthe United States. The following limitations are implemented on this product:

– Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation results is disabled when the receivervelocity is computed to be greaterthan 1,000 knots, orits altitude is computed to be above 18,000 meters. The receiverGPS subsystem resets until the COCOM situation clears. As a result, all logging and stream configurations stop until the GPS subsystem is cleared. Notices United States Certification number: FCC ID HSW-DNT2400P. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuantto part 15 ofthe FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipmentgenerates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation ofthis equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the userwill be required to correctthe interference at his own expense. Changes and modifications notexpressly approved by the manufacturer orregistrantofthis equipmentcan void yourauthority to operate this equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules. Canada Under Industry Canada regulations,this radiotransmittermay only operate using an antenna ofa type and maximum (orlesser) gain approved forthe transmitterby Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to otherusers,the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen thatthe equivalent isotropically radiated power(e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary forsuccessful communication. This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard (s). Operation is subjecttothe following two conditions: (1) this device may notcause interference, and (2) this device mustacceptany interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation ofthe device. This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Certification number IC: 4492A-DNT2400P. This apparatus complies with Canadian RSS-210. Conformémentà la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteurradio peutfonctionneravec une antenne d'un type etd'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pourl'émetteurpar Industrie Canada. Dans le butde réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il fautchoisirle type d'antenne etson gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissementd'une communication satisfaisante. Le présentappareil estconforme auxCNRd'Industrie Canada applicables auxappareils radioexempts de licence. L'exploitation estautorisée aux deuxconditions suivantes: (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateurde l'appareil doitacceptertout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage estsusceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement. Cetappareil numérique de la classe A estconforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Numérique de certification IC: 4492A-DNT2400P. Cetappareil estconforme à la norme CNR-210 du Canada. Europe The productcovered by this guide are intended to be used in all EU membercountries, Norway, and Switzerland. This equipment is classified as Group 1, Class A equipmentaccording to EN 55011. Group 1 is applicable forall equipmentwithin the scope of EN 55011 that is notclassified as Group 2 equipment,which contains all ISM RF equipment. Class A equipment is equipmentsuitable foruse in all establishments otherthan domestic. Using Class A equipment in domestic environments may cause difficulties ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. CE Declaration ofConformity Hereby,Trimble Navigation, declares thatthis product is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of:

– EMC Directive (2014/30/EU)

– Radio Equipment Directive (2014/53/EU)

– RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU)

– Machine Directive (2006/42/EC) Note–DeviationfromMachinedirective2006/42/EC: The CE markingfor the UX5systemisplacedon the Trimble UX5eBoxandis only visible when theeBoxisremovedfrom the Trimble UX5wing
. Japan Certification numbers forthe DNT2400P RFM radio module: 007WWCUL0739 and 003UVA110681 Brazil Este produto está homologado pela Anatel, de acordo com os procedimentos regulamentados pela Resolução no. 242/2000 e atende aos requisitos técnicos aplicados, incluindo os limites de exposição da Taxa de Absorção Específica referente a campos elétricos, magnéticos e eletromagnéticos de radiofrequência de acordo com as Resoluções no. 303/2002 e 533/2009. Manterdistância mínima de 2,5 cm do corpo humano. Para maiores informações, consulte o site da ANATEL www.anatel.gov.br. Australia and New Zealand This productconforms with the regulatory requirements of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) EMCframework,thus satisfying the requirements forC-Tick Marking and sale within Australia and New Zealand. Taiwan – Battery Recycling Requirements The productcontains a removable Lithium polymerbattery. Taiwanese regulations require thatwaste batteries are recycled. 廢電池請 回 收 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Forproduct recycling instructions and more information, please goto www.trimble.com/Corporate/Environmental_ Compliance.aspx
. Recycling in Europe: To recycle Trimble WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, products that run on electrical power), call +31 497 53 24 30, and ask forthe “WEEE Associate”. Or, mail a requestforrecycling instructions to: Trimble Europe BV c/o MenloWorldwide Logistics Meerheide 45 5521 DZ Eersel, NL

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 2FCC Declaration of Conformity

We, Trimble Navigation Limited. 935Stewart Drive PO Box 3642 Sunnyvale, CA94088-3642 United States +1-408-481-8000 Declare under sole responsibilitythat DoC products comply with Part 15 ofFCC Rules. Operation is subject to thefollowingtwo conditions: (1)This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)This device must accept any interference received, including interferencethat may cause undesired operation. 

# Environmental hazards The product complies with international RoHS regulations. 

## Toxic and hazardous substances and elements
Part name Lead

(Pb) Mercury (Hg) Cadmium (Cd) Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) Poly-brominated

biphenyls (PBB) Poly-brominated

diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Lithium polymer rechargeable battery X O O O O O
Power supply X O O O O O Printed circuit board assembly X O O O O O
Radio module X O O O O O Chassis O O O O O O Plastic enclosure O O O O O O Paper manual O O O O O O

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# Contents

Environmental hazards 3 

### 1 Introduction 6 The UX5 aerial imaging rover 7 Parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover 8 Solution components 10 Flight case contents 11 Inserting the eBoxand camera 12 Installing the Aerial Imaging software 14 Projects, missions, blocks, and flights 16 Project phases 17 Software overview 18 Changing the system settings 21 Performing maintenance 22 

### 2 Planning a Project 24 Creating a project 25 Preparing the project map 25 Defining the blocks 30 Obstacle clearances 33 Defining the flights 37 Exporting the project 43 Checking flight permissions and conditions 43 

### 3 Preparing Equipment 48 Checking the launcher 49 Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover 49 Charging the UX5 batteries 52 Charging theTablet batteries 55 Charging the camera batteries 55 Checking the camera 55 Pairing the transmitterwith the tracking receiver 60 Locating your equipment 60 

### 4 Completing a Flight 62 Importing the project 63 Validating the blocks 63 Validating the flights 63 Dealing with sudden weather changes 64 Completing the flight checklist 65 Monitoring the flight 79 Landing the UX5 89

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 4Contents Completing the post-flight checklist 91

Disassembling the launcher 92 

### 5 Analysis and Export 94 Transferring the images 95 Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software 95 Exporting flight data for processing 96 

### 6 Troubleshooting 98 Errors and warnings 99 Landing issues 104 Aerial Imaging software issues 105 eBox LED status 106 Technical support 106 

### 7 Specifications and Settings 107 UX5 specifications 108 Camera specifications 109 Camera settings 110 Battery charger settings 121 UX5 battery safety 121 

### A Country-Specific Regulatory Information 131 FAAconditions and limitations ofoperation 132 

### Glossary 137

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# Introduction

n The UX5 aerial imaging rover
n Parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover
n Solution components
n Flight case contents
n Inserting the eBoxand camera
n Installing the Aerial Imaging software

n Projects, missions, blocks, and flights

n Project phases

n Software overview The Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution User Guide provides detailed information about operating the components oftheTrimble® UX5 aerial imaging solution. Even ifyou have used other unmanned aviation systems before, please read this userguide carefully to familiarize yourselfwith the UX5 aerial imaging solution.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 6 

# 1 C H A P T E R1 Introduction 

# The UX5 aerial imaging rover TheTrimble UX5 aerial imaging rover is an unmanned aircraft (UA). An unmanned aircraft is a generic term, and refers to an aircraft that is operated with no pilot on board. Such an aircraft is commonly also referred to as a remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA). The UX5 aerial imaging rover follows a pre-programmed path where takeoff, flight, and landing require minimal human intervention. If required, the crewoperating the aircraft from the ground can interveneto changethe flight path or to land. In some cases, such as communications failure or loss ofGPS signal, a pre-programmed intervention is automatically activated to re-establish signal loss orto terminatethe flight early and complete a safe landing. The UX5 aerial imaging rover holds a camera that takes aerial images overthe defined area. During the flight, all pictures are acquired at a specified height, along parallel lines with specified overlap between the image exposures. At the same time, position information ofthe pictures is recorded for further processing in image processing software such as Trimble Business Center software. 

## Typical applications Image acquisition can be used for:

l Orthophoto creation
l Digital Elevation Model (DEM) or Digital Surface Model (DSM)

l Photogrammetry The resulting data is useful for a range ofapplications, including:

l Topographical surveying, particularly in remote or difficult to access areas, typical in the mining and dredging industries
l Vegetation monitoring
l Infrastructure mapping 

## ISA conditions All operating specifications provided in this guide forthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are determined using International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions. The ISAconditions used to determine the specifications forthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are: Specification Value Humidity 0% Air pressure 1013.25 hPa (760 mm Hg) Temperature 15°C (59°F) Air density 1.225 kg/m3 (0.076 lb/ft3)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 71 Introduction 

# Parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover The main parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are shown below. 

## Top view

❶ Aircraft body ❻ eBox ❿ Download cable connector ❷ Leading edge ❼ Pitot tube ⓫ Elevon servos ❸ Payload bay ❽ GPS antenna ⓬ Inboard elevon ❹ Battery ❾ Mode button ⓭ Outboard elevon ❺ Camera

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## Bottom view

❶ Camera lens hole ❸ Motor ❺ Propeller ❷ Launcher slat ❹ Propeller nut ❻ Winglet

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# Solution components The UX5 aerial imaging solution comprises the following components:

l UX5 aerial imaging rover
l Camera
l Ground control station
l Launcher

l Tracker (optional) 

## UX5 aerial imaging rover The UX5 aerial imaging rover consists ofthe wing kit (or body) and the eBox. The eBox is a removable boxcontaining the computerthat controls the UX5. The eBox is connected to a GPS antenna and a radio antenna so that the ground control station can communicate with the UX5 while it is in the air. 

## Camera The camera captures images during the flight. The camera has a large 24.3 megapixel (Sony a5100) or 16.1 megapixel (Sony NEX-5) APS-C sensorthat provides sharp, detailed images. The standard RGB solution includes a UV HAZE 1filter. The optional NIR (near infrared) solution is for use in specialized applications such as agriculture. 

## Ground control station The ground control station (GCS) is used to control the UX5 aerial imaging rover from the ground. It comprises theTrimbleTablet running theTrimble AccessTM Aerial Imaging software. TheTrimble UX5 modem is connected to theTablet to enable radio communication to the unmanned aircraft. 

## Launcher The launcher is a mechanical device that provides a safe way to launch the UX5 aerial imaging rover in the direction oftakeoff. 

## Tracker The tracker consists ofa transmitter inserted in the body ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover and a receiver. Ifrequired, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signal so the UX5 can be located once it has landed. The exact type oftracker used depends on the country where the system is being used. Check with yourTrimble distributorwhat is available foryour location.

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# Flight case contents When you receive your solution components, unpack them and store them in the dedicated cavities in the flight case. Check offthe components against the illustration belowto ensure that you have all ofthe components you need for a successful flight:

❶ Tablet, Tablet charger, modem and RF antenna, download cable ❼ UX5 battery charger and charge cable ❷ UX5 battery ❽ Spare camera battery and camera battery charger ❸ Trackertransmitter and receiver ❾ Lens cleaning paper ❹ Power strip and power cable ❿ Pre-moistened lens cloth ❺ UX5 body, with camera, eBoxand top cover ⓫ Pitot cover, tools and optional spare parts ❻ Extra parts such as winglets, propellers Note –Some componentsare smallparts that are easilylost. To avoidthis, assoon asyou unpackthem:

— insert the camera batteryandSD cardinto the camera.

— attach the GPSandRFantennas to the eBox. See Inserting the eBoxand camera, page 12.
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Note –According to ICAO/IATA regulations, Lithium polymerbatteriesmust be carriedin handluggage when transporting the system byair. Note – Thefollowingpartsofthe Trimble UX5 aerialimagingsolution are considereddual-use: the eBox, Trimble Tablet andlauncher. Dual-use goodsare productsandtechnologiesnormallyusedforcivilian purposesbut which mayhave militaryapplications. UnderEU regulations, controlleditemsmaynot leave the EU customs territory without an export authorization. Additionalrestrictionsare also in place concerning the provision ofbrokeringservices with regardto dual-use itemsandconcerning the transit of such items through the EU. The same is true when exporting goodsfrom anycountryoutside the EU to anyothercountryoutside the EU. 

# Inserting the eBox and camera The eBoxand camera are stored inside the UX5 body in the flight case. 1. Unpack the UX5 body, the eBox, GPS antenna, RF antenna, and camera. 2. Attach the RF antenna to the underside ofthe eBox. 3. Attach the GPS antenna to the top side ofthe eBox.

4. Insert the eBox into the eBoxcavity ofthe UX5 body, sliding the bottom end into the cavity and then pressing down so that the connector on the rear plugs into the connector in the UX5 body.

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WARNING – Always disconnect the battery from the aircraft before inserting or removing the eBox from the UX5 body. If the battery is still connected, you risk damaging the electronics inside the UX5 body. For information on disconnecting the battery, see Removing the battery, page 52. 5. Insert the screw into the hole ofthe eBoxand screwthe eBox into place using a T10Torx screwdriver. 6. Ifyou are using the: Sony a5100 camera Note – Make sure that the SonyNEX-5 adapterpiecesandthe IR LED triggercable are removed from the payloadbay. Do not use anysharp toolsfor this. a. Insert the adapter piece into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay ofthe UX5 body. b. Connect the USB cable to the camera and to the connectorfrom the eBox. Insert the eBox connection vertically into the cavity.

c. Insert the camera into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay and secure it using the Velcro strap. Sony NEX-5 camera Note – Make sure that the Sonya5100 adapterpiece andthe USB triggercable are removedfrom the payloadbay. Do not use anysharp toolsfor this. a. Insert the two adapter pieces into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay ofthe UX5 body. b. Insert the IR LED cable into the cable duct: a. Without using any sharp tools, position the LED vertically in the round opening and gently push the cable into the duct. b. Connect the IR LED cable connectorto the connectorfrom the eBoxand insert the connection vertically into the cavity.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 131 Introduction

c. Coverthe IR LED with the protection cap. The cap should be flush with the surface.

c. Insert the camera into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay and secure it using the Velcro strap. Note –Afterinserting andsecuring the camera, checkthe shutterspeedas the settingscontrolmight have spun andchangedthe setting. 

# Installing the Aerial Imaging software Use the Aerial Imaging softwareto plan, manage, and monitoryourflights. The Aerial Imaging Desktop software is installed on an office computer. The field version ofthe Aerial Imaging software is installed on theTablet. The field software provides all ofthe functionality included in the office software. In addition, you can use the field softwareto monitorthe aircraft during flight. 

## Aerial Imaging Desktop installation 1. To install the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, use theTrimble Access Installation Manager. If you have:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 141 Introduction

l not installed theTrimble Access Installation Manager before, go to www.trimble.com/taim for installation information. Make sure you download and install theTAIM Online version.
l previously installed theTrimble Access Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it because it updates itselfautomatically. 2. Make sure you do not have a Tablet or otherTrimble controller connected to the office computer. 3. SelectStart/AllPrograms / TrimbleAccess Installation Managerto start the Installation Manager. 4. Select the Trialsoftwaretab. 5. Select theAerialImaging Desktop check box. 6. Click Create license
. 7. TheTrimble Access Installation Manager switches to the Licensed applications tab and shows the now licensed Aerial Imaging Desktop software. 8. Click Install
. Forfurther information on updating the software, referto the Help file in theTrimble Access Installation Manager. To viewthe Help file, select theTrimble icon in the top left, and then select Help
. 

## Aerial Imaging Tablet installation When you first turn on theTablet, you must install the Windows® 7 operating system. To do this you must set a user name and password fortheTablet. The installation ofWindows 7takes about 5 minutes. 1. To install the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet, use theTrimble Access Installation Manager. Ifyou have:
l not installed theTrimble Access Installation Manager before, go to www.trimble.com/taim for installation information.
l previously installed theTrimble Access Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it because it updates itselfautomatically. 2. SelectStart/AllPrograms / TrimbleAccess Installation Managerto start the Installation Manager. 3. Make sureAerialImaging is selected in the product bar. 4. In the Licensed applications tab, select theAerialImaging check boxand then click Install
. Forfurther information on howto install or update your software and license file, referto the Help file in theTrimble Access Installation Manager. To viewthe Help file, select theTrimble icon in the top left, and then select Help
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 151 Introduction 

## Software notifications The software notification service is installed on your office computer orTrimbleTablet along with theTAIM software. The service uses the Windows notification area, which appears at the far right of the Windows taskbar. The service notifies you when newerversions ofthe Aerial Imaging software are available. Notifications occur once a week until you have updated your system. To run TAIM and install updates, click the notification message. Alternatively, click theShowHidden Icons arrow in the Windows taskbar and then double-click theTrimble Access Installation Manager icon. To manually check for updates, click theShowHidden Icons arrow in the Windows taskbar and then right-click theTrimble Access Installation Manager icon and select Checkforupdates. 

## Updating the eBox firmware The Aerial Imaging software automatically checks that the eBoxfirmware is up to date when the connection between the GCS and the UX5 is established during the flight checklist procedure. If firmware updates are available you are prompted to perform an update. It takes about 30 minutes to updatethe eBoxfirmware. To manually initiate a firmware update, tap Checking thefirmware version in the Maintenance screen. Ifthe firmware version is out ofdate, tap Update. 1. When the Updatefirmware checklist appears, do one ofthe following:

l To dismiss the update checklist, tap . l To start the firmware update, tap . The update checklist appears. 2. When prompted, attach the modem. Tap to updatethe modem firmware. 3. When prompted, connect the download cable. Tap to updatethe eBoxfirmware. 4. The eBoxfirmware update consists ofseveral automatic steps. When the firmware has finished updating, disconnect the download cable from the eBoxand the modem. Depending on whetherthe Updatefirmware checklist was started automatically or manually, eitherthe start ofthe flight checklist orthe Maintenance screen appears. 

# Projects, missions, blocks, and flights Aprojectconsists ofone or more missions. Missions represent the areas to be aerially photographed. Amission area consists ofone or more blocks within the mission area. By default there is one block per mission area, but ifthe estimated flight time for a block exceeds 50 minutes then the mission area must be divided into smaller blocks. Blocks provide flexibility so that the mission areas in a project can be covered in the smallest number offlights, because aflightcan cover one or more blocks, as long as the total flight time forthe blocks is less than 50 minutes. For example, a farmerwants to aerially photograph his potato fields. The farmer has two potato fields, located 500 m apart from each other. In his project, he creates a mission area for each field.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 161 Introduction

By default, each mission area consists ofone block. One field can be mapped in an estimated flight time of20 minutes. But one field is so large the estimated flight time is 70 minutes. It cannot be mapped in one flight. Therefore, the farmer splits the mission area into two blocks. He could split the mission area into two equal blocks of35 minutes, but then that would result in three separate blocks that have to be flown as three separate flights. Instead, the farmer splits the large mission area into one 45 minute block and one 25 minute block. Then the farmer adds the new 25 minute block to the flight forthe existing 20 minute block. The farmer can now map both mission areas in two flights, each of45 minutes duration. Projects, blocks, and flights can be copied so it is easy to set up similar projects orflights. Copy blocks to easily repeat flights at different heights. Or copy flights to redo a flight regularly, for exampleto track changes or progress overthe mission area. Note – Projectplanning is usuallydone in the office. Blockandflightplanning can be preparedin the office but must be validatedin thefieldafterchecking actualconditions. 

# Project phases The typical phases ofa project are:

l Project definition: In the office you can define one or more missions, adding details such as background maps, avoidance zones, and text fields ifrequired. The area, ground sample distance (GSD), and the amount ofimage overlap are defined for each mission.
l Block definition: Depending on the size and nature ofa mission area, you can split a mission area into one or more blocks. In the office you can specify the wind and flight line direction. For each block you can customizethe GSD, height, and image overlap. In the field, you must validatethe block properties to take into account the actual wind direction and environment.
l Flight definition: In the office you can prepare one or more flights to coverthe block(s) and suggest the takeoffand landing locations. In the field you must validatethe flight properties, including the selected takeoffand landing locations. The flight checklist is completed to ensure that the system is ready forthe flight.
l Flight scheduling: Flight scheduling is completed outside ofthe Aerial Imaging software. Checks forflight permissions, weather, and site suitability are completed and the flight is scheduled. Before heading to the site, all equipment is checked for any damage from previous flights and all batteries are fully charged.
l Flight operation: After launching the UX5 aerial imaging rover, the flight is monitored using the ground control station. Afterthe UX5 lands, the post-flight checklist is completed to transfer the flight data to theTablet.
l Analysis and export: The flight and captured images are analyzed to make sure they are synchronized and the data is exported in the appropriate file format for image processing.
l Image processing: The data collected during the flight is processed using image processing software such as Trimble Business Center software.

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# Software overview

l The Home screen
l The Projects screen
l Softwaretabs

l Title bar buttons

l Status icons 

## The Home screen When you open the Aerial Imaging software, the Home screen appears. The Home screen is shown below:

From this screen you can:

l Create a new project or import a project. Alternatively, browseto the Projects screen to view available projects. SeeThe Projects screen, page 19. l Change system settings. See Changing the system settings, page 21. l Access the Maintenance screen. SeePerforming maintenance, page 22 To return to the currentjob, click
.

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## The Projects screen To viewthe Projects screen, click in the Home screen. Existing projects are displayed in the thumbnail carousel on the left and in the list to the right. To search for a project, enterthe project name in the search bar above the list, or browsethe project thumbnails. To view project details, click beside a project name in the list. You must select a project before any ofthe following buttons except and are enabled: Click... To... For more information, see...

Create a new project. Creating a project, page 25 Import a project .gwt file. Note – Importis notbackwardscompatible with previous versionsoftheAerialImaging software. Importing the project, page 63

Export the project .gwt file Exporting the project, page 43 Export project data as .jxl or .csv/.txt files for processing. Note – Export to .jxlor.csv/.txtis backwards compatible with previous versionsoftheAerial Imagingsoftware. Exporting flight data for processing, page 96

Copy the contents ofthe project. By default, the check boxto copy flights and flight data is selected, but ifyou do not want to copy the project contents, clearthe check box. Open the project. The Map layers screen appears. Creating the mission, page 27 Delete the project and associated flight data, including images. Note – Thisbehaviordiffersfrom previous versionsofAerialImaging, where deleting a project didnot delete the imagesassociated with aproject.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 191 Introduction 

## Software tabs The Aerial Imaging software provides a tabularworkflow. The tabs allowyou to easily move between the different levels ofproject information and phases ofa project. Most screens in the software provide access to the following tabs: Tab icon Tab name Function

Map layers tab Add a map, and create a mission. Blocks tab Add blocks to the mission, and set block properties, such as the GSD and height forthe block. Flights tab Add flights, and define flight properties, such as the takeoffand landing locations. Flightchecklisttab Completethe flight checklist. Dashboardtab Monitorthe UX5 during flight. Post- flightchecklisttab Transferthe flight data from the UX5 to theTablet. 

## Title bar buttons The title bar ofthe software includes the following buttons: Click... To... Save the project. ViewtheAerialImaging Help and the softwareAboutdialog. Close the software. Return to the Projects screen. Return to the Home screen.

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## Status icons At the bottom ofeach screen, the footer shows the following information: Icon Accompanying information Notes

GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe cursor on the map. GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe GCS. Ifthe GCS has no GPS connection, this icon is red and the text "not available" is displayed. GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe UX5. Ifthe UX5 has no GPS connection, this icon is not displayed. The battery level oftheTablet. Ifyou are using the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, this icon is not displayed. During flight, the following information is shown: Icon Accompanying information

Ground speed. Distance between the GCS and the aircraft, projected perpendicular onto the GCS reference plane; azimuth from the GCS to the aircraft. Number offlight lines flown versus total number offlight lines. 

# Changing the system settings To change settings forthe Aerial Imaging software, click the Settings button in the Home screen. After configuring the settings, do one ofthe following:

l Click to accept the settings and then click to return to the Home screen.

l Click to discard the changes you have made to the settings and return to the Home screen.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 211 Introduction 

## General settings Use the settings in the Generalgroup to specify:

l The language used forthe Aerial Imaging software and help file.
l The source for online maps. Note – Trimble doesnot guarantee the accuracyofanymapping datasource. It isyourresponsibility to double-checkthe precision ofthe coordinates.
l Preferred units for speed, distance, altitude, and area.
l Automatic generation ofone flight. Select the check boxto enable "fast track", where a small mission area that can be covered by one block will automatically create one flight to coverthe block. Fast track enables you to rapidly browsethrough the tabs. Experienced users may preferto clearthis check boxand create their own flights. 

## Network settings Use the settings in the Networkgroup to specify the proxy settings forthe Internet connection. Select the check boxto enable proxy settings forthe Internet connection and then enterthe settings to use. Ifyou changethese settings, you are prompted to restart the Aerial Imaging software. Note – You mayneedto configure the Internetproxysettingsbefore you can viewonline maps. For the correctsettings to use, consultyournetworkadministrator. 

## Autopilot settings Use the settings in theAutopilotgroup to specify the communication timeout settings. Enter a value between 20 seconds and 1800 seconds (30 minutes). The default value is 120 seconds (2 minutes). Note – The countryyou are operating in mayhave regulationsprescribing the minimum communication timeoutsetting thatyou must use. Make sure you are aware ofthese andthatyou use the regulated minimum settingforyourlocation. 

# Performing maintenance To perform maintenance on the body ofthe UX5 or on the launcher, click in the Home screen to view maintenance procedures. Alternatively, referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide. The following maintenance procedures are available:

l Replacing the drive unit
l Replacing a servo

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 221 Introduction

l Replacing a propeller blade

l Replacing the camera filter

l Replacing a winglet orwinglet screw
l Checking the pitot tube

l Replacing the launcher cord

l Replacing the wheels ofthe launcher dock Check the UX5 and the launcher after each flight to ensure the equipment is in good working order. For more information, see Preparing Equipment, page 48. Perform any maintenance required using the procedures above. Ifyou note any issues not covered by these procedures, contact yourTrimble distributor. In addition, the Maintenance screen allows you to check the firmware version ofthe eBox, and if necessary updatethe firmware. For more information, see Updating the eBoxfirmware, page 16. To exit the Maintenance screen and return to the Home screen, click in the title bar.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 23

# Planning a Project

n Creating a project
n Preparing the project map
n Defining the blocks

n Obstacle clearances

n Defining the flights

n Exporting the project
n Checking flight permissions and conditions This chapter describes howto plan a project.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 24 

# 2 C H A P T E R2 Planning a Project 

# Creating a project To create a new project, do one ofthe following:

l in the Home screen, click and enterthe name ofthe new project in the pop-up field. The Map layers screen forthe new project appears.

l In the Projects screen, click and enterthe name ofthe new project in the pop-up field. The new project appears in the Projects list. Click to open the project. The Map layers screen appears. Note – Namesofprojects, mission areas, blocks, andflightscan contain thefollowing characters:A- Z, a-z, 0-9, dash (-), space ( ), andunderscore (_). 

# Preparing the project map A project must have at least one geo-referenced background map and one mission. Objects within a geo-referenced map are associated with a unique geographical location. To preparethe project map, select the Map layers tab. See:

l Adding a background map, page 25
l Creating the mission, page 27
l Adding information to the map, page 29 

## Adding a background map You can use an online map, an offline map, oryou can add your own geo-referenced map.

l To use an online map: a. Make sure you have Internet access. b. Click on the map and then enterthe location ofinterest. The map shows the area around the location using your preferred online map provider (see Changing the system settings, page 21). c. Zoom in or out, or pan until you viewthe preferred map area. Note – The online map isalwaysavailable asa layerandcannot be deleted. You can have onlyone online map layerperproject.

l To use an offline map, click and then click
. Use the toolbarthat appears on top ofthe map to select the satellite map or road map for download. The current viewofthe online map, including two extra zoom levels, is downloaded as an offline map. The largest area you can download has zoom level 10, which corresponds to approximately 95 m per pixel (0.06 miles per pixel)
.

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The offline map layer ensures you will be able to viewthe map background during the flight, if you do not have an Internet connection in the field. You can have multiple offline map layers in a project.
l To use your own map, add a GeoTifffile that you have prepared earlier using software such as Trimble Business Center software. The GeoTifffile must be georeferenced in the WGS84 UTM datum and be less than 120 MB in size. It must use no compression or LWZ file compression only. To generate a background map using theTrimble Business CenterAP module, create an orthomosaic selecting "Low" resolution and "TIFF" forthe file format. To add the GeoTifffile in Aerial Imaging, click
. Navigateto the location ofthe file, select it, and then click Open. The map shows the contents ofthe file you selected. You can have multiple GeoTiffmap layers in a project. For more information on map layers, see Managing map layers, page 26. 

### Managing map layers Click to toggle between the map viewand the satellite viewofthe online map. The "Online map" is the map's default layer. The online map is always the bottom layer and cannot be moved up. An offline or GeoTifflayer sits above the online map and belowany other layer, such as mission, avoidance zone, and KMLfile. New layers appear above a selected layer. Ifnothing is selected, it becomes the top layer. Layers at the top ofthe list appear as the top-most layers on the map. To hide a layer, click next to the layer name. To showa hidden layer, click next to the layer name. To disable any manipulation ofa layer, click next to the layer name. To remove a layerthat is no longer required, select the layer in the list and then click belowthe list. You cannot delete the online map layer. To rename a layer, select the layer in the list and then click the layer's name. You can nowedit the name. The online map cannot be renamed. Use the and buttons to zoom in and zoom out ofthe map. Click to display the map grid lines. Use the button, to zoom the map and all ofits layers to the best view. Ifyou are viewing the map on theTablet and it has a GPS connection, the button is available. If you pan around the map, click to centerthe map on the current GPS location.

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During flight, the button is available. Click to centerthe map on the current UX5 location. 

## Creating the mission A mission is the area to be flown over at a specified ground sample distance (GSD) and image overlap. 1. To create the mission area: a. Click and then click
. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map, allowing you to add a polygonal or rectangular area. b. Click the appropriate shape on the toolbar and then drawthe shape ofthe mission area on the map:
l For a polygon, click the mouse at each boundary point.
l For a rectangle, click the mouse on the map. Astandard-sized shape appears. The location ofthe mouse click is the center ofthe shape. To stop drawing and confirm the shape, click
. The mission layer appears in the map layers list to the right. To clearthe shape, click
. c. To edit the mission area, select the area on the map or in the map layers list and then click

. l To resize or reshapethe area, click and move the boundary points on the map.
l To reposition the area, click and move it on the map . l To add or delete boundary points orto rotate the shape, use the toolbarthat appears on the map. To confirm your changes, click , or click to undo your changes. Note – It isnotpossible to addorremove boundarypointsfora rectangulararea. d. Repeat the steps above to add as many mission areas as required. 2. To edit the mission properties, click next to the mission name in the map layers list and then do the following: a. Select the type ofsensorthat you will use to map the mission: Sony a5100 or Sony NEX-5 b. Set the ground sample distance (GSD). The default value is the GSD value obtained by flying at a height of100 m (328ft)
. For more information, see GSD and height, page 28. c. Enterthe image forward ( ) and side overlap ( ). The default value is 80%. For more information, see Image forward and side overlap, page 28. The mission properties also showthe size ofthe mission area. Note – It isnotpossible to change the mission properties when a mission islocked.

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Tip– To disable editing ofthe mission area or mission properties, click nextto the mission name. 

### GSD and height The GSD (ground sample distance) field specifies the distance on the ground represented by each pixel. The default resolution is 2.6 cm (1.0 ") when using the Sony a5100 sensor and 3.2 cm (1.3 ") when using the Sony NEX-5 sensor. The smallerthe value in the GSDfield, the more detailed the images. You should always specify a value equal to or smallerthan the resolution required in the final orthophotos, afterthe images are processed. Ifthe value in the GSDfield is largerthan the final resolution required, then the images acquired during the flight will not be detailed enough and the image processing software will need to interpolate additional pixels. This will result in images that do not have the expected resolution. The GSDfield and the height at which the UX5 aerial imaging roverflies are linked. The higherthe unmanned aircraft flies, the largerthe distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images acquired during the flight: Height GSD (Sony a5100) GSD (Sony NEX-5) Minimum: 75 m (246ft) 2.0 cm (0.8 ") 2.4 cm (0.9 ") 100 m (328ft) 2.6 cm (1.0 ") 3.2 cm (1.3 ") 150 m (492 ft) 3.9 cm (1.5 ") 4.8 cm (1.9 ") Maximum: 750 m (2460ft) 19.6 cm (7.7 ") 23.9 cm (9.4 ") You will first specify the GSD value forthe mission when you create the mission area. This determines the default height used for all blocks in that mission. For example, ifyou enter4.8 cm in the GSDfield when using the Sony NEX-5 sensor, the unmanned aircraft will fly at 150 m (492 ft)
. During block definition you can adjust the height for each block, taking into account the specific obstacles in the block. 

### Image forward and side overlap The default value ofthe overlap between images is 80%. Image overlap can range from 60%to 90%. Note – Trimble doesnot recommendusing an overlap ofless than 80%, asit mayprevent (large)partsof the dataset being adjustable in the Trimble Business Centersoftware due to the lackoftie points, especially where theflight height waslowor where the area contains treesorother tallobjects, orareas that lacktexture. By default the forward ( ) and side overlap ( ) values are linked, so that when one value changes, the othervalue changes accordingly. To "break" the link so that the overlap values can be set independently, click
. To re-establish the link, click
.

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A higher overlap results in:

l better accuracy
l a higher density offlight lines on the area
l a higher number ofimages to process
l longer processing times for images
l longerflight duration forthe same area Select the overlap value foryour mission based on the accuracy, flight duration, and the number of images you require. 

## Adding information to the map You can add the following types ofinformation to the map:

l avoidance zones
l KML files containing lines, points, images, and polygons

l .csv files containing ground control points (GCPs) 1. To create an avoidance zone: a. Click and then
. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map, allowing you to add a polygonal, rectangular, or ellipsoidal area. b. Click the appropriate shape on the toolbar and then drawthe shape ofthe avoidance zone on the map:
l For a polygon, click the mouse at each boundary point.
l For a rectangle or ellipse, click the mouse on the map. Astandard-sized shape appears. The location ofthe mouse click is the center ofthe shape. To stop drawing and confirm the shape, click
. The avoidance zone appears in the list to the right. To clearthe shape, click
. c. To edit the avoidance zone, select the zone on the map or in the map layers list and then click
. l To resize or reshapethe avoidance zone, click and move the boundary points on the map.
l To reposition the avoidance zone, click and move it on the map.
l To add or delete the boundary points orto rotate the shape, use the toolbarthat appears on the map. To confirm your changes, click
. To undo your changes, click

.

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Note – It isnotpossible to addorremove boundarypointsfora rectangularorellipsoidal zone. Tip– To disable editing ofthe avoidance zone, click nextto the avoidance zone name. d. Repeat the steps above to add as many avoidance zones as required. Note – The mission area andthe +/-200m (+/- 656ft) requiredfor turnsshouldnot overlap any avoidance zone on the map. Ifthe mission area isorange, you must move the area out ofthe avoidance zone. 2. Click to add the following types offiles as layers:
l A KMLfile that you have previously downloaded from Google Maps.
l Ground control points (GCPs) contained in a .csv file. The format forthe .csv file is: Identifier, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude. The coordinates must be in the WGS84coordinate system and the altitude in meters. There should be no header. 

# Defining the blocks To define blocks, select the Blocks tab. Note – You must validate in thefieldanyblocksyou have definedin the office. Each mission area defined for a project is automatically covered by one block. The block appears in the list to the right and as a yellowshape on the map. The map does not contain any blocks ifyou have not yet defined a mission area in the Map layers tab. When you select the block, the blue flight lines that appear overthe block indicatethe direction the UX5 will fly across the block. The unmanned aircraft should always fly perpendicularto the prevailing wind direction and all turns should be made into the wind. By default, the prevailing wind direction is a northerly wind. North is located at the top ofthe map. Define more blocks as required to:

l Coverthe entire mission area. You will need to add more blocks ifthe estimated time for a block exceeds 50 minutes. The flight time can be viewed in the block properties.
l Cover different parts ofthe mission at different heights to deal with differences in terrain.
l Easily repeat flights at different heights to obtain different results. You can combine and split blocks as required to fly the mission area in the most efficient number of flights.

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The Blocks tab, for an example mission and block, is shown below:

To edit blocks: Note – Blocks with the statusicon or have beenflown andcannot be edited. 1. To updatethe prevailing wind direction to match the expected conditions in the field: a. Tap the wind direction arrow in the top right corner ofthe map and drag it so that it indicates the direction ofthe wind at the site. The flight lines rotate accordingly. Note – To ensure smooth turnsandlimitedheadwindandtailwindduringflight, it isimportant to correctlyindicate the prevailing winddirection. However, to disable the controloftheflight linesby winddirection, click next to the blockname in the list. To manuallyadjust the direction oftheflight lines, tap theflight linesin the map androtate asrequired. Alternatively, enter the rotation angle oftheflight linesin the field. Thisis useful when the mission/block area isa narrowrectangle, in which case youshouldalwaysput theflight linesalong the longest side ofthe rectangle, independentfrom the winddirection. b. Ifthe flight lines changeto red, this indicates that one or more flight lines (including the additional +/- 200 m (+/- 656ft) required forturns) overlaps an avoidance zone. For more information, see Creating the mission, page 27. Once you have edited the mission area, the block and flight lines update automatically. 2. To viewthe properties ofa block, click next to the block name. By default the block inherits the properties ofthe mission. Ifrequired, edit the height (or GSD) and image overlap values for the block, taking into account specific obstacles in the block. Images are not acquired until the

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unmanned aircraft climbs to the specified height. The software estimates the total flight time needed to coverthe block. The estimated flight time does not includethe time to get to and from the takeoffand landing locations. The block properties also showthe size ofthe block area and the mission to which the block belongs. 3. Ifthe estimated flight duration exceeds 50 minutes, a warning indication appears next to the block name in the list. Ifthe warning appears then you must split the block: a. Select the block and then click
. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map that allows you to split the block. b. Click
. By default the block is divided through the center ofthe rectangular boundary boxsurrounding the block area, perpendicularto the wind direction. c. To changethe cut, manipulatethe boundary points ofthe dividing line. d. Click to confirm splitting the block. The original block is divided in two and both blocks appear in the list. Note –Splitting blockscan cause existing blocks to be renumbered. e. Repeat the steps above until the flight duration ofall blocks is less than 50 minutes, because you need to also considerthe takeoffand landing time. f. To undo a split, select one ofthe blocks that you want to combine and click
. From the toolbarthat appears on the map, click and then select the other block to merge. You can only merge adjacent blocks. Click to confirm the merge. The properties ofthe first selected block are used forthe merged block. 4. To use a left turn or a right turn to enterthe block during flight, click or . This setting also defines the first waypoint that the UX5 will fly to. 

## Managing blocks To hide a block, click next to the block name. To showa hidden block, click next to the block name. To copy the default block ofa mission, select the block in the list or on the map and then click belowthe list. The new block has the size ofthe original mission area and the properties ofthe selected block. Copying a block is useful ifyou need to scan the same mission area using different GSD and overlap values. To remove a block that is no longer required, select the block and then click
. Ifthe block was created by splitting a block, all other blocks that were part ofthe splitting action are also removed. If those blocks were the only blocks that covered the mission area, the software automatically creates a new block, which has the size and properties ofthe mission.

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To rename a block, select the block in the list and then click on the block's name. You can nowedit the name. Note – Blocks with the statusicon or have been andcannot be renamed, changed, orremoved. However, you can copythe blockandthen edit the copy. 

# Obstacle clearances When defining a flight, you must ensure that the selected takeoffand landing locations are clear of obstacles. Obstacle clearances for each stage ofthe flight are shown below. When you arrive at the site, visually check the takeoffand landing locations to ensure that the selected locations are free ofobstacles. 

## Obstacle clearances for takeoff From 0 m (takeoff location) to 50 m: Within the first 50 m (164ft), there must be a clear area free ofobstacles within 30° to the left and right ofthe launch direction. From 50 m to 280 m: From the first 50 m (164ft) and within 280 m (919ft), obstacles must not appear above the safety line determined by a 15° safety angle and within 25 m (82 ft) to the left and right ofthe launch direction.

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## Obstacle clearances for cruise flight During cruise flight, no obstacles must appear between the cruise flight height and 25 m (82 ft) below it:



## Obstacle clearances for descent When entering the landing orbit, no obstacles must appearwith a 300 m (984ft) radius ofthe center ofthe orbit. Once the UX5 has descended 25 m from the cruise flight height, the required obstaclefree area has a radius of150 m (462 ft)
.

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## Obstacle clearances for landing Once you confirm the landing, the UX5 starts the final leg ofthe landing. Along the final leg ofthe landing, there must be a clear area free ofobstacles within 15 m to the left and right ofthe landing direction.

In the final leg ofthe landing, no obstacles must appear in the yellowzone shown in the vertical cross section ofthe landing. In addition, the landing location must be free ofobstacles and meet the minimum size indicated:

l Linear landing

l Curved landing

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During the final leg ofthe landing it is possibleto click the Abort button (see Handling emergencies during flight, page 82). To successfully abort the flight, extra clearances should be taken into account:

l Linear landing abort clearance

l Curved landing abort clearance

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# Defining the flights To define flights, select the Flights tab. Note – You must validate in thefieldanyflightsyou have definedin the office. The Flights tab, for an example flight where takeoffand landing are planned but not fixed, is shown below:

Ifthe auto-generate flight setting is enabled in theSettings screen, the software automatically generates a flight including block 1 (the top-most block). Aflight can cover more than one block, and blocks can be linked to more than one flight. Depending on the number and size ofthe blocks you have defined in the Blocks tab, you may need several flights to cover all the blocks defined forthe mission area(s). To add a flight, click
. A newentry appears in the list. Aflight can have the following status:

l No icon: Not flown

l : Flown and settings frozen

l : Flown, log files downloaded and settings frozen To copy a flight, select the flight in the list or on the map and then click belowthe list. Copying a flight is useful ifyou want to repeat a flight and keep the data ofboth flights. To remove a flight that is no longer required, select the flight and then click belowthe list. Note – Thisremoves theflight datastoredon the Tabletfor thisflight.

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To rename a flight, select the flight in the list and then click the flight name. You can nowedit the name. To define a flight, see:

l Setting the takeoffparameters, page 38
l Setting the landing properties, page 39
l Adding blocks to the flight, page 41
l Managing the routes between blocks, page 41
l Simulating the flight, page 42 Note – Flights with the statusicon or have beenflown andcannot be renamed, changed, or removed. However, you can copytheflight andthen edit the copy. 

## Setting the takeoff parameters 1. To set the takeoffparameters, in the Flighttab click beside the flight and then click beside Takeoff

. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map. 2. To set the takeofflocation, do one ofthe following:
l To add a new location without GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Desktop orTablet software, click and then click on the map to set the location. The takeoffpin appears on the map with an arrow indicating the takeoffheading and shows the "Planned and not active" status icon . You can add as many takeofflocations as you want. Click to confirm the added locations.
l To add a new location using GPS: In the Aerial ImagingTablet software, physically go to the takeofflocation and then click
. Ifthe location you want to fix lies within 10 m ofa planned pin, the planned pin is fixed. Otherwise, a new pin with the fixed status is added to the map. The takeoffpin appears on the map with an arrow indicating the takeoffheading and shows the "Fixed and not active" status icon . You can fixas many takeofflocations as you want.
l Click the takeoffpin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Takeoffproperties to select any defined location. The takeoffpin status changes to "Active" or . Note – Each takeofflocation comes with defaultparameters (forexample, the heading isset into the winddirection). Ifyou change the heading, the takeofflocation is updatedaccordingly. Ifyou use thislocation in anotherflight, the heading isset to the value ofthe latest change in all flights where the location is used. 3. To set the takeoffheading, click the arrow next to the takeoffpin and rotate to changethe takeoffdirection and avoid any obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for

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takeoff, page 33. By default, the takeoffheading is set into the wind direction set in the Blocks tab. Alternatively, enterthe heading forthe selected pin in the field. Note –Always tryto takeoffinto the wind. Thispreventsa higherlaunch speedanda higherriskof launchfailures. 4. When the flight has a block linked to it orwhen the landing has been defined, the takeoffroute is displayed. To edit the takeoffroute, click and drag the waypoints on the map. Tip– To use a leftturn or a rightturn to enter the block, click or in the block properties in the Blocks tab. This setting also defines the first waypointthatthe UX5 will fly to. The takeoff route is updated to match the type ofturn selected. 5. To delete a takeofflocation, click in the toolbar on top ofthe map and then from the map select the takeoffpin that you want to remove. You can delete as many takeofflocations as you want. Click to confirm the deleted locations. 

## Setting the landing properties For additional safety, the Aerial Imaging software enables you to set alternative landing parameters. These alternative landing locations are useful if:

l The preferred landing location is suddenly unavailable due to a sudden obstacle in the landing clearance zone.
l The wind direction changes during the flight and the alternative landing location is better suited to the newconditions. To set landing properties: 1. In the Flighttab click beside the flight and then click beside Landing. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map. 2. To set the landing location, do one ofthe following:
l To add a new location without GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Desktop orTablet software, click and then click on the map to set the location. The landing pin appears on the map with an arrow indicating the landing heading and shows the "Planned and not active" status icon . You can add as many landing locations as you want. Click to confirm the added locations.
l To add a new location using GPS: In the Aerial ImagingTablet software, physically go to the landing location and then click
. Ifthe location you want to fix lies within 10 m ofa planned pin, the planned pin is fixed. Otherwise, a new pin with the fixed status is added to the map. A landing pin with fixed status has an arrow indicating the landing heading and shows the "Fixed and not active" status icon .

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You can fixas many landing locations as you want.
l Click the landing pin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Landing properties to select any defined location. The landing pin status changes to "Active" or . Note – Each landing location comes with defaultparameters (forexample, the heading isset into the winddirection). Ifyou change the heading, the landing location is updatedaccordingly. Ifyou use thislocation in anotherflight, the heading isset to the value ofthe latest change in all flights where the location is used. 3. To set the landing heading, tap the arrow next to the landing pin and rotate to changethe landing direction and avoid any obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 35. Alternatively, enterthe heading forthe selected pin in the field. By default, the landing heading is set into the wind direction set in the Blocks tab. To help you define the landing heading in the field, zoom in on the map to the most detailed zoom level and then walk into the heading with the GCS for about 20to 30 meters. You will see the GCS location move on the screen. Now rotate the arrowand position the final leg ofthe landing circuit overthe center ofthe GCS icon on the map. Note –Always tryto landinto the wind. Thispreventsa higherlandingspeedanda higherriskof damage to the UX5. 4. Set the landing zone offset. Valid values are from
-25 m to +25 m (-82 ft to +82ft)
. A negative value means that the landing location is lowerthan the takeofflocation. The default value is 0 m, which means that the takeoffand landing locations are at the same height. 5. Set the landing type to use a linear or curved landing, depending on the landing surface and available clearances.
l The linear landing type requires less clearance and lands the UX5 on the ground more quickly, but has a larger impact on the aircraft.
l The curved landing type requires larger clearances but reduces the impact on the aircraft when it lands, and is especially suited for hard landing surfaces. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 35. 6. When the flight has a block linked to it, the landing route is displayed: a. Set the landing entry to use a left or right turn, depending on which turning direction provides bettervisibility and is furthest away from any obstacles (see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 35). b. To edit the landing route, click and drag the waypoints on the map.

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7. To delete a landing location, click in the toolbar on top ofthe map and then from the map select the landing pin that you want to remove. You can delete as many landing locations as you want. Click to confirm the deleted locations. 8. To set alternative landing parameters, repeat the steps above. Note – To use aspecific landingfor theflight, make sure that the landing isselectedin the dropdown menu. 

## Adding blocks to the flight 1. To add blocks, in the Flighttab click beside the flight and then click besideSelectblocks
. All blocks defined in the project appear on the map and in the list to the right. Only the blocks that ifadded will keep the flight time less than 50 minutes can be selected. For each block the status is indicated on the map:
l No icon: Not scheduled

l Scheduled

l Flown

l Flown and log files downloaded 2. From the map orthe list, select one or more blocks to link to the flight. Note – The order thatyouselect the blocksfrom the list defines the sequence that the blocksare flown, I.e. thefirst blockselectedisflownfirst, andso on. The selected blocks are highlighted, and the flight lines and connection routes appear on the map. Tip– To remove blocks from a flight, unselectthe block in the list or the map. 3. Click to confirm the selection. The selected blocks appear in the list to the right between Takeoffand Landing, togetherwith the default connection types. Note –A blockcan be linkedto more than oneflight. 

## Managing the routes between blocks Ifa flight will cover more than one block, the software automatically connects the last waypoint of one block with the first waypoint ofthe next block. By default the connection is a straight line and is displayed between the blocks in the flight properties in the Flights tab.

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To changethe connection type between blocks, click to the right ofthe connection type list entry and then: Click... For the UX5 to... Fly straight to the first waypoint ofthe following block. Ifit did not yet reach the height ofthis waypoint, it orbits up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height. Orbit up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height ofthe following block and then fly straight to the first waypoint ofthe following block. This works ifthe height of the next block is higherthan the previous block. Fly to the following block keeping the same height ofthe last waypoint ofthe previous block and then orbit up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the first waypoint of the block. This works ifthe height ofthe next block is higherthan the previous block. Fly straight to the first waypoint ofthe following block. Ifit did not yet reach the height ofthis waypoint, it orbits down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height. Fly to the following block keeping the same height ofthe last waypoint ofthe previous block and then orbit down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the first waypoint ofthat block. This works ifthe height ofthe next block is lowerthan the previous block. Orbit down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height ofthe next block and then fly straight to the first waypoint ofthat block. This works ifthe height ofthe next block is lowerthan the previous block. To edit the straight line between blocks, click and drag the waypoints on the map. Note – The connection type cannot be changedifsequentialblockshave the same height. 

## Simulating the flight After creating a flight, click to simulatethe flight to check the following items:

l The UX5 uses the correct takeoffdirection.

l The flight height, route, and turns used are all correct.
l The UX5 does not enter any avoidance zones.
l The UX5 uses the correct landing circuit. Note – Be aware that the simulation isan estimate oftheflightpath. Thisisbecause the simulation cannot take into account the environmentalfactors, such as wind, during the actualflight.

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Tip– The button is not available until you have exited the flight properties. To do this, click the arrow to collapse the flight. 

## Exporting to KML The flight simulation can be exported to a KML file and viewed in software such as Google Earth. 1. In the Flights screen, select the flight forwhich you want to export the simulation. 2. Click
. A message shows that the KML file is being generated. When the process is complete, the Exportwizard appears. 3. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to save the flight simulation, enterthe file name and then click Save. You can nowopen the KMLfile in software such as Google Earth to viewthe flight simulation in 3D. 

# Exporting the project Note – Thisstep isrequiredifyou didthe projectplanning in theAerialImaging Desktopsoftware. You must complete thisstepso thatyou can import the project into theAerialImagingsoftware on the Tablet. 1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export. 2. Click
. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the GWToutput format. Click Next. 4. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to save the project, enterthe file name and then click Save. The exported project is saved as a .gwt file in the folderyou selected. 5. Click Finish to close the Exportwizard. 6. Ifthe folderyou exported the mission to is not a network folderthat theTablet can access, transferthe exported mission to a USB stick and then transfer it to theTablet. 7. To import the mission to the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet, see Importing the project, page 63. 

# Checking flight permissions and conditions In the days before the flight, completethe following checks to make sure the flight can proceed. Note – The use ofunmannedaircraft in anynationalairspace system isregulatedbythe applicable NationalAviationAuthority. The regulationsforflying unmannedaircraft are subject to change, sometimes without warning. It is the user’sresponsibilityto know andadhere to the current lawsfor

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operating in the nationalairspace system. Trimble isnot obligedto inform usersofchanges to unmanned aircraft laws. Trimble andAuthorized Distribution Partnersprovide comprehensive trainingforthe unmanned aircraftsystem which includes recommendedprocedures to ensure thesafetyforthe remote crew members as wellas thesurrounding environment. Itis the user’s responsibility to ensuresafe operations and adhere to safety andsecurity measures required by the NationalAviation Authority. Trimble is notresponsibleforensuring safe andsecure operation ofunmanned aircraft by the user. 

## Checking flight permission

l Check ifyou need a permit to operate an unmanned aircraft in the airspace above the site.
l Make sure you understand the legal context for safe operation ofan unmanned aircraft.

l Check for existing rules and standards with your local Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA).

l Make sure you have permission from the landowner.

l Make sure you have all other relevant permissions required for photography flights using unmanned aircraft. In some countries you need permission from defense organizations, the police, or a national geography instituteto take pictures. 

## Checking weather

l In the days before the flight, check theTVweather broadcast orweatherwebsites. This gives you a good general idea ofthe weatherforthe next three to four days.
l For more accurate weatherforecasts, consult and interpret aviation weather data through various weatherwebsites. You can also contact the national meteorological office or a local meteorology office at an airport nearby.
l On the day ofthe flight, consult theTerminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and METAR reports. These are meteorological reports used in aviation.
l Make sure the weather conditions are within the operating and image acquisition limitations. See Operation limitations, page 45 and Image acquisition limitations, page 46.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 442 Planning a Project

The table belowshows the wind speed expressed in different units:



### Operation limitations The UX5 aerial imaging rover cannot safely fly in all weather conditions. The following table shows the acceptable range for different conditions. Note – Yourcountryofoperation mayhave different oradditionaloperationalrequirements. Make sure you arefamiliar with the appropriate regulationsfor the countryyou are operating in. Ifyou areflying in the UnitedStatessee also FAA conditions and limitations ofoperation, page 132. Ifyou areflying in France, see also French airspace requirements. CAUTION – If any condition does not meet the acceptable range stated, the pilot should abort the mission. Flying outside the acceptable range of conditions will void your Trimble warranty. Condition Acceptable range Time Between sunrise and sunset Distance from clouds Clear ofclouds and always within line ofsight Flight visibility 5000 m (16,400ft) Operator-UAS visibility Visual line ofsight Weather limitations Light rain is acceptable. Avoid hail, snow, and heavy

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 452 Planning a Project

Condition Acceptable range showers Head wind Maximum 65 kph (40 mph) Cross wind Maximum 65 kph (40 mph) Gusts Maximum 15 kph (9 mph) Turbulence Avoid turbulence at all times Temperature -25°C to +55°C (-13°F to 131°F) (excluding launcher) Maximum launch altitude (AMSL) 4250 m (13,493 ft) Maximum operational ceiling (AMSL) Tested at 5000 m (16,400ft) Endurance 50 mins 

### Image acquisition limitations Although the UX5 aerial imaging rover itselfcan cope with heavy weather conditions, the main issue besides safety is the quality ofthe pictures acquired during the flight. The following table shows the maximum values for different weather conditions. CAUTION – If any condition does not meet the acceptable maximum value stated, the pilot should abort the mission. Trimble does not guarantee good picture quality when flying in conditions beyond these limits. Condition Acceptable maximum Precipitation Light rain Wind 50 kph (31 mph) 

## Checking the site Note – When checking the site youshouldrefer to the relevantAIPandNOTAM documentsforyour region.

l Identify the airspace and geographic environment ofthe site.
l Check the relevant aviation charts and make sure the flight area is not near any ofthe following areas:
l Forbidden airspace
l Airports, airfields (except with prior permission)

l Power plants (except with prior permission)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 462 Planning a Project

l Check the relevant aviation charts and take special care around:
l Parachute and parasailingjumping areas
l Winch areas
l High-pressure gas-releasing units (documented in AIPs or NOTAMs)

l Congested areas (for example, towns)

l Check ifthere are other aerial orground activities planned, for example major public events. 

## Checking the pilot

l Make sure the pilot is certified to operatethe UX5.
l Check ifthe pilot needs any additional permits, such as a remote pilot license, a radio certificate for use ofthe 2-way radio for communication with airtraffic control, and so on.
l Be aware that the pilot has final responsibility forthe operation ofthe UX5 and its components.
l Make sure the pilot is in good condition, both physical and mental.

l Keep log files ofthe pilot hours and equipment used for each flight. 

## Know your safe operating envelope

l Trimble recommends having a crewoftwo people that will control the UX5: the pilot and the observer. They must be able to communicate at all times. Check your CAA regulations to see ifa two-person crew is mandatory.
l Make sure the crew understands the purpose and the phases ofthis particular mission.
l Make sure the crew understands all aspects ofsafe operation ofthe UX5. This includes:
l Understanding all safety precautions described in the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Rover Safety Guide. l Understanding howto handle emergencies during flight. See Handling emergencies during flight, page 82. l Understanding the particular requirements ofthe project and site, including avoidance zones.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 47

# Preparing Equipment

n Checking the launcher

n Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover
n Charging the UX5 batteries

n Charging theTablet batteries

n Charging the camera batteries

n Checking the camera
n Pairing the transmitterwith the tracking receiver
n Locating your equipment As part ofyourflight preparation, make sure all equipment is in good condition and well-prepared.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 48 

# 3 C H A P T E R3 Preparing Equipment 

# Checking the launcher 1. Make sure the launch slider is in good condition, and the launch dock moves freely along the slider. Ifthe slider is damaged, contact yourTrimble distributor. 2. Check the launcher cord is not worn, and make sure there is enough elastic in the cord when it is stretched tight. Ifthe cord must be replaced, click in the Home screen, select Launcherin the list to the right and then select Replacing the launchercord or referto the Trimble UX5 AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide. 3. Make sure the launch dock is in good condition. Ifit is damaged, contact yourTrimble distributor. 4. Make sure the launch dock wheels are in good condition and move freely. Ifthey are worn and must be replaced, click in the Home screen, select Launcherin the list to the right and then select Replacing the wheels ofthe launcherdock or referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide. 

# Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover Thoroughly check the UX5 before each flight to make sure that it is undamaged from any previous flight. Referto the following sections:

l Check the body, page 49
l Check the pitot tube, page 50
l Check the winglets, page 51
l Check the propellers, page 51
l Check the drive unit, page 51
l Check the servos, page 51 

## Check the body The body ofthe UX5 must be clean forflight. Dirt and gravel on the body decreases the lift and increases the drag during flight. 1. Clean the body with a damp cloth.
CAUTION – Do not use high water pressure or a steel brush to clean the body of the rover. This can damage the surface of the UX5 and affect the aerodynamics of the aircraft. Avoid the use of solvents to clean the surface of the UX5 as they can negatively affect the materials. Always use lukewarm water and a soft brush. 2. Check the body for cracks. Ifthe body requires repair, contact yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 493 Preparing Equipment

3. Make sure there are no scratches on the camera filter. Ifthe camera filter is damaged, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list and then select Replacing the camerafilteror referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide. 4. Make sure that the camera filter is tightly screwed into the body. Ifnot, gently tighten it, taking care not to over-tighten it. 5. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera filter. Make sure there are no specks ofmoisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality. Note – Onlyuse wipes that are specificallyintendedforcleaning camera lenses. 

## Check the pitot tube The pitot tube must be in perfect condition as it is used to measurethe total air pressure during flight. 1. Removethe pitot tube from the eBox.

2. Make sure the tube is not bent or broken. 3. Blow into the tube to make sure nothing is blocking it. CAUTION – Only blow into the pitot tube after you have removed it from the eBox. Do not blow into the pitot tube when it is connected to the eBox because this will damage the barometric sensors. 4. Ifthe pitot tube is blocked or damaged, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list to the right and then select Checking thepitot tube or referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 503 Preparing Equipment 

## Check the winglets To prevent roll stability issues, the winglets must be firmly attached to the UX5 body. 1. Make sure the winglets are intact. 2. Make sure each winglet is firmly attached with two screws. 3. Ifthe winglets are damaged or not firmly attached, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list to the right and then select Replacing a wingletor referto the Trimble UX5Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Check the propellers 1. Make sure the propeller blades are intact. 2. Make sure the propeller blades are well-positioned. 3. Make sure each propeller blade is firmly attached. 4. Ifa propeller blade is damaged or not well-positioned, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list to the right and then select Replacing a propellerblade or referto the Trimble UX5 AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Check the drive unit Make sure the drive unit is:

l intact
l firmly attached Ifthe drive unit is damaged or not firmly attached, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list to the right and then select Replacing the drive unitor referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Check the servos The servos must be in perfect condition as they steerthe UAS. When checking the servos, make sure that the servos:

l respond as expected

l are intact
l are firmly attached and flush with the surface ofthe wing Ifa servo is damaged, click in the Home screen, select UX5 in the list to the right and then select Replacing a servo or referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 513 Preparing Equipment 

# Charging the UX5 batteries
WARNING – Lithium polymerbatteries are volatile
. Failure to read and follow these instructions may result in fire, personal injury, and damage to property if charged or used incorrectly. To prevent injury or damage:

– Use onlythe charger specified to charge the battery.

– If at anytime you witness a battery starting to balloon or swell up, discontinue the charging process immediately. Disconnect the battery and place it in a safe observation area for approximately 15 minutes. Continuing to charge a batterythat has begun to swell will result in fire.

– Charge in an isolated area, away from flammable materials.

– Never leave charging batteries unattended. When charging the batteries you should always remain in constant observation to monitor the charging process and react to potential problems that may occur.
WARNING – Always checkthat the settings on the charger are correct before charging the battery. Incorrect charger settings may result in damage to the battery, severe burning, and fire hazards. Note – Before using the chargerfor thefirst time, carefullyreadthe userdocumentationfor the battery chargerandreadallofthe information providedin the Batterysafetysection ofthis userguide (see UX5 batterysafety, page 121). 

## Removing the battery 1. Removethe top coverfrom the UX5 body. 2. Disconnect the main power connector ofthe battery from the aircraft:

3. Loosen the Velcro straps and removethe battery from the battery compartment ofthe UX5.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 523 Preparing Equipment 

## Connecting and charging the battery 1. Connect the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus chargerto one ofthe following:
l 12 Vvehicle battery
l 100–240VAC power supply The charger powers on and displays the following parameters forthe UX5 battery:
l LiPo manual

l C:5.0A6000mAh Note – Ifthe chargerdoesnot displaythe defaultparameters, you must change the settings
. For more information, see Battery chargersettings, page 121. WARNING – The maximum charging current for the UX5 battery is limited to 5 A. This value must be lower than the maximum permissible current (6 A) for the battery. Incorrect battery charging parameters can destroy your battery and cause it to catch fire or explode. 2. Connect the charge cable to the charger:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 533 Preparing Equipment

3. Connect the balancer connector ofthe battery to the charger. Align the connectorto the right ofthe socket:

4. Connect the charger cable ofthe chargerto the power connector on the battery:

5. On the charger, press and hold the Enter/Start key fortwo seconds. The battery starts charging. When a battery is fully charged, the charger produces an audible signal and stops charging automatically. The charger displays "END". At typical room temperature it takes approximately 2 hours to charge a fully depleted battery. Charging time will vary depending on remaining battery life and ambient temperature. Note – Make sure you charge both UX5 batteriesbefore leaving the officeforaflight. Trimble recommendsalwayshaving aspare,fully-chargedbatteryon hand.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 543 Preparing Equipment 

## Disconnecting the battery 1. On the charger, press the Enter/Start key to put the charger in standby mode. 2. Disconnect the charger cable ofthe chargerfrom the power connector on the battery. 3. Disconnect the balancer connector ofthe battery from the charger. 

# Charging the Tablet batteries Install theTablet battery packs and charge the batteries according to the instructions provided in the Trimble TabletRugged PC User's Manual
. Note – Make sure youfullycharge the Tablet batteriesbefore leaving the officeforaflight. 

# Charging the camera batteries Install the camera battery and charge the batteries according to the instructions provided in the user documentation forthe camera. Note – Make sure you charge both camera batteriesbefore leaving the officeforaflight. Trimble recommendsalwayshaving aspare,fully-chargedbatteryon hand. 

# Checking the camera 1. Make sure there are no scratches on the camera lens. Ifthe camera lens is damaged, contact yourTrimble distributor. 2. Your camera arrives with the appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images set by Trimble. However, before each flight, check the camera screen to make sure it displays the following icons. For more information, referto the section foryour camera below:
l Checking the Sony a5100 camera display, page 56
l Checking the Sony NEX-5 camera display, page 58

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 553 Preparing Equipment 

## Checking the Sony a5100 camera display Note – Thefollowing image shows the main icons to checkon the camerascreen to ensure thatyour camerasettingsare correct andyou willsuccessfullycapture imagesduring theflight. Ifanyofthese icons are notshown, orifyou believe othercamerasettingshave been changed, adjust the settingsbackto the settingsrecommendedby Trimble. Fora list ofallapplicable camerasettings, see Sony a5100camera settings, page 110.

Icon Description and Shoot mode is set to shutter priority.

SD card is inserted. Aspect ratio is set to 3:2; image size is set to 24M; image quality is set to Fine (all are default settings). Recording mode ofmovies is set to 50i FH. Steady shot is set to Off. Battery icon shows 100%. Drive mode is set to Single Shooting. Metering mode is set to Multi (the default). Focus area is set to Center. Focus mode is set to Manual.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 563 Preparing Equipment

Icon Description

Face detection is set to Off. White balance is set to AWB (the default). Forthe NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera, page 57. Soft skin detection is set to Off(the default). Brightness correction is set to automatic (the default). Creative style is set to Standard (the default). Picture effect is set to Off(the default). Shutter speed is set to 1/1000 or above. ± 0.0 When using the NIR camera, exposure compensation is set to: + 1.0forthe UV HAZE (orange)filter + 2.0forthe NIR (black) filter ISO is set to Auto (the default). 

### Setting brightness/color settings for the NIR camera To obtain best results from the camera and selected filter, Trimble recommends setting the brightness/color settings as follows: 1. On the camera, select Menu / / 5/ White Balance
. Press the central button ofthe control wheel and then select Custom Setup. Press the central button ofthe control wheel to confirm. 2. Outdoors, in normal daylight conditions, hold the filteryou will use in front ofthe lens, while aiming the central circle ofthe lens at a (nearly) white surface, such as a wall or blank piece of paper. 3. Press the central button ofthe control wheel. 4. The color infra-red (CIR)display on the camera appears. When using the:
l UV haze (orange) filter: vegetation appears blue and the sky appears brown.

l NIR-only (black) filter: vegetation appears white or slightly blue-grey and everything else appears grey to black.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 573 Preparing Equipment 

## Checking the Sony NEX-5 camera display Note – Thefollowing image shows the main icons to checkon the camerascreen to ensure thatyour camerasettingsare correct andyou willsuccessfullycapture imagesduring theflight. Ifanyofthese icons are notshown, orifyou believe othercamerasettingshave been changed, adjust the settingsbackto the settingsrecommendedby Trimble. Fora list ofallapplicable camerasettings, see Sony NEX-5camera settings, page 115.

Icon Description and Shoot mode is set to shutter priority.

SD card is inserted. Aspect ratio is set to 3:2; image size is set to 16M; image quality is set to Fine (all are default settings). Recording mode ofmovies is set to 25p 17m FH. Steady shot is set to Off. Battery icon shows 100%. Touch operation is set to Off. Drive mode icon is shown. The drive mode is set to use the Wireless Remote Commander. Metering mode is set to Multi (the default). Focus mode is set to Manual.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 583 Preparing Equipment

Icon Description

Face detection is set to Off. White balance is set to AWB (the default). Forthe NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera, page 59. Soft skin detection is set to Off(the default). Brightness correction is set to automatic (the default). Creative style is set to Standard (the default). Auto portrait framing is set to Off. Smile detection is set to Off(the default). Picture effect is set to Off(the default). Shutter speed is set to 1/1000 or above. ± 0.0 When using the NIR camera, exposure compensation is set to: + 1.0forthe UV HAZE (orange)filter + 2.0forthe NIR (black) filter ISO is set to Auto (the default). 

### Setting brightness/color settings for the NIR camera To obtain best results from the camera and selected filter, Trimble recommends setting the brightness/color settings as follows: 1. On the camera, select Menu / Brightness/Color/ White Balance and then select Custom Setup. Press the central button to confirm. 2. Outdoors, in normal daylight conditions, hold the filteryou will use in front ofthe lens, while aiming the central circle ofthe lens at a (nearly) white surface, such as a wall or blank piece of paper. 3. Press the shutter button. 4. The color infra-red (CIR)display on the camera appears. When using the:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 593 Preparing Equipment

l UV haze (orange) filter: vegetation appears blue and the sky appears brown.

l NIR-only (black) filter: vegetation appears white or slightly blue-grey and everything else appears grey to black. 

# Pairing the transmitter with the tracking receiver Note – You must complete thisstep onlyonce, before using the UX5 aerialimaging rover for thefirst time. To track down the UX5 aerial imaging rover fitted with a transmitter, the transmitter ID must first be stored in the memory ofthe receiver. 1. Press and hold the Power key forthree seconds to turn on the receiver. 2. Press the MENU/OK key to enterthe menu. 3. Use the navigation keys to select TRANSMITTER. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm. 4. Use the navigation keys to select ADD. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm. 5. Use the navigation keys to enterthe missing digits ofthe frequency ofthe transmitter. Confirm each digit using the MENU/OK key. 6. Followthe steps on the screen ofthe receiverto calibratethe transmitter. 7. Once the calibration is done, you are prompted to enter a name forthe transmitter. 8. Use the navigation keys to enterthe name you want to use forthe transmitter. Confirm each letter using the MENU/OK key. The receiver is nowable to communicate with the transmitter. 

# Locating your equipment Before you head out to the field: 1. Make sure the flight case contains all ofthe required items. For more information, see Flight case contents, page 11. 2. Ifyou will be doing several flights before returning to the office, make sure you have one ofthe following:
l an external storage device such as a laptop fortransferring images to after each flight

l a USB to SD card readerfortransferring images to theTablet after each flight
l an SD card for each flight Note – Trimble recommends using aSan DiskExtreme SDHCUHS-I card with a minimum write speedof45 MB/sanda minimum capacityof16 GBfor the SonyNex-5 and32 GBfor the Sony a5200.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 603 Preparing Equipment

3. Make sure the launcher bag contains the following items:
l safety pin
l launch dock with lock pin
l V-support
l crank

l launch slide with elastics

l Trimble UX5LauncherQuickStart Guide

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 61

# Completing a Flight

n Importing the project
n Validating the blocks

n Validating the flights

n Dealing with sudden weather changes

n Completing the flight checklist

n Monitoring the flight

n Landing the UX5
n Completing the post-flight checklist

n Disassembling the launcher This chapter describes the tasks required in the field to complete a successful flight with good image data.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 62 

# 4 C H A P T E R4 Completing a Flight 

# Importing the project Note – Thisstep isrequiredifyou didthe projectplanning in theAerialImaging Desktopsoftware and then exportedthe projectso thatyou can viewit on the Tablet. 1. In the Home screen orthe Projects screen, tap . 2. Navigateto the location ofthe .gwt file you exported from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software (see Exporting the project, page 43), select it and then tap Open. The project you imported is listed in the Projects screen and the project thumbnail appears. 3. Select the project and then click to open the project and viewthe Map layers screen. 

# Validating the blocks Tap the Blocks tab and make any changes to the blocks, ifrequired. Pay special attention to the actual wind direction, which will influencethe wind direction you have set in the software and possibly the flight time. For more information, see Defining the blocks, page 30. Note – To change the mission area, tap the Map layers tab andedit the appropriate area. Formore information, see Creating the mission, page27 . When you edit the mission area, the block(s) automaticallyadjust to the new areashape. 

# Validating the flights 1. When you arrive on-site, examinethe flight area to:
l Check for obstacles in the flight area. Obstacles are objects such as trees, buildings, antennas, power lines, and waterthat the UX5 could fly into or land on.
l Make sure you will be able to maintain a visual line ofsight to the UX5 throughout the flight.
l Identify a good takeoffand landing location.
l Check the landing surface and obstacle clearances to make sure the most suitable landing type is selected. For more information, see Obstacle clearances, page 33. Repeat for each location that you consider as an alternative landing location. Note – Ifyou choose to checkalternative landing locationsduringflight, be aware that this takes more time andkeepsyourattentionfrom theflight. 2. Tap the Flighttab and make any changes to the flights, ifrequired. For more information, see Defining the flights, page 37. 3. Make sure that the selected takeoffand landing locations are fixed to GPS. To fixthe location, physically go to the location, tap beside Takeoffor Landing and then click in the toolbar.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 634 Completing a Flight

Repeat for each landing location that you consider as an alternative location. Note – Ifyou choose to checkalternative landing locationsduringflight, be aware that this takes more time andkeepsyourattentionfrom theflight. 4. In the Flights screen, select the flight you will complete and then tap the Flightchecklisttab. 

# Dealing with sudden weather changes On the day ofthe flight, check that the current weather conditions are suitable forflight. Pay particular attention to the prevailing wind direction and speed. Ifthere are sudden weather changes before or during the flight, you must act quickly. Different weather changes and the recommended action are described below. Weather change Action The wind direction changes before the flight. Ifpossible, changethe wind direction in the Blocks tab to align the flight lines perpendicular to the wind direction. Reposition the launcher and then updatethe takeoffand landing heading in the flight plan. The wind direction changes during the flight. Changethe landing heading in flight or select an alternative landing location, ifit is more suited. See Changing the landing parameters during flight, page 81. One ofthe following weather phenomena occurs before or during the flight:

l Strong wind

l Heavy rain, hail

l Hurricane, tornado, or any kind of whirlwind
l Thunder and lightening

l Snow Cancel the flight. Ifthe UX5 is in the air, land as quickly as possible.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 644 Completing a Flight 

# Completing the flight checklist The flight checklist starts with an overviewofthe flight that you have selected and will execute. Use each step ofthe flight checklist to preparethe equipment forflight. The flight checklist guides you through each step. Note – More information about the steps that require specialcare isgiven in thefollowingsections. Read these sectionscarefullyuntilyou arefamiliar with allofthe tasksrequiredtoperform these steps.

l Connecting the GCS, page 65
l Connecting the battery, page 66
l Preparing the camera, page 66
l Inserting the trackertransmitter, page 68
l Attaching the top cover, page 69
l Covering the pitot tube, page 69
l Checking the elevon trim, page 69
l Checking the elevon response, page 69
l Assembling the launcher, page 69
l Placing the UX5 onto the launcher, page 74
l Transmitting the flight plan, page 74
l Initializing, page 75
l Removing the pitot cover, page 75
l Checking the airspeed response, page 75
l Positioning the propellers, page 75
l Tightening the launcher cord elastics, page 75
l Verifying the position ofthe aircraft on the launcher, page 76
l Removing the safety pin, page 76
l Arming the system, page 77
l Launching the UX5, page 78 

## Connecting the GCS Ifyou have not yet connected the GCS: 1. Attach the antenna to the modem. 2. Attach the modem and antenna to the back oftheTablet, underthe handstrap.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 654 Completing a Flight

3. Insert the modem cable into the USB port on theTablet. 4. Tap to prompt the softwareto check ifthe modem is connected. When the connection to the modem is established, the software automatically moves to the next step in the flight checklist. 

## Connecting the battery Ifyou have not yet connected the battery: 1. Insert a fully charged battery into the battery compartment ofthe unmanned aircraft. Secure the battery using the Velcro straps. 2. Connect the main power connector on the battery to the power connector in the aircraft. Once the battery is connected, the eBoxgoes from Offmode to On mode (see eBox LED status, page 106). When the eBoxstarts booting up, the button is enabled. Note – Ifafter thisstep you are promptedto update the eBoxfirmware, see Updating the eBox firmware, page 16. 

## Preparing the camera 1. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera lens. Make sure there are no specks ofmoisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality. Note – Onlyuse wipes that are specificallyintendedforcleaning camera lenses. 2. Make sure the camera filter in the UX5 body is also clean and that the camera filter is tightly screwed into the body. Ifnot, gently tighten it, taking care not to over-tighten it. 3. Insert an empty SD card into the camera. 4. Turn on the camera and check the camera screen to make sure it displays the icons described in Checking the camera, page 55. 5. Make sure the lens settings are appropriate forthe weather conditions: Weather
ISO Auto Auto Auto Aperture ring f/4.5 f/4.5 f/4.5 Shutter speed 1/2000to 1/4000 1/1000to 1/2000 1/1600to 1/2000

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 664 Completing a Flight

Weather
Focus ring The focus ring should always be set to 3+ m.

This is set and calibrated by the manufacturer and must not change. Foryour reference, this position corresponds with the white dot appearing belowthe right edge ofthe red 0 in the 10ft mark. Note –Always take apicture before theflight to ensure that the picture isnot over- or underexposed. Ifthe picture doesnot lookright, adjust the shutterspeedfirst andthen the aperture setting. 6. Ifyou are using the: Sony a5100 camera Note – Make sure that the SonyNEX-5 adapterpiecesandthe IR LED triggercable are removed from the payloadbay. Do not use anysharp toolsfor this. a. Insert the adapter piece into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay ofthe UX5 body. b. Connect the USB cable to the camera and to the connectorfrom the eBox. Insert the eBox connection vertically into the cavity.

c. Insert the camera into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay and secure it using the Velcro strap. Sony NEX-5 camera Note – Make sure that the Sonya5100 adapterpiece andthe USB triggercable are removedfrom the payloadbay. Do not use anysharp toolsfor this. a. Insert the two adapter pieces into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay ofthe UX5 body. b. Insert the IR LED cable into the cable duct:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 674 Completing a Flight

a. Without using any sharp tools, position the LED vertically in the round opening and gently push the cable into the duct. b. Connect the IR LED cable connectorto the connectorfrom the eBoxand insert the connection vertically into the cavity.

c. Coverthe IR LED with the protection cap. The cap should be flush with the surface.

c. Insert the camera into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay and secure it using the Velcro strap. 7. In the Aerial Imaging software, tap . Make sure that you hearthe trigger sound from the camera. When the test picture is taken, the button is enabled. 

## Inserting the tracker transmitter 1. Turn on the trackertransmitter. 2. Make sure that you can hearthe transmitter using the tracker receiver. 3. Insert the trackertransmitter into the body ofthe unmanned aircraft.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 684 Completing a Flight 

## Attaching the top cover Attach the top coverto the unmanned aircraft and make sure it is secure. 

## Covering the pitot tube Put the pitot tube cover on the pitot tube. Check the value in the black arrowat the left ofthe artificial horizon in the status panel ofthe Aerial Imaging software and make sure the current airspeed is below 20 kph (12.4 mph)
. 

## Checking the elevon trim Make sure that the outboard elevons are leveled with the inboard elevons (the inboard elevons are fixed). The accuracy should be less than 1 mm. WARNING – When handling the UX5, make sure that the elevons can move freely and are not obstructed in any way. Impaired movement of the elevons can cause the servo motor to burn up. 

## Checking the elevon response Tap the Move/Stop elevon button in the Aerial Imaging software and watch the elevons on the unmanned aircraft. Make sure the elevons move fluently and in unison. WARNING – When handling the UX5, make sure that the elevons can move freely and are not obstructed in any way. Impaired movement of the elevons can cause the servo motor to burn up. When the elevon response is checked, the button is enabled. 

## Assembling the launcher 1. Unfold the launch slide.
CAUTION – Take care when unfolding the launch slide as there are sharp edges that can cause finger cuts.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 694 Completing a Flight

2. Secure each section ofthe launch slide by lifting the appropriate handle and hooking it into the next section ofthe launch slide. Close the handles.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 704 Completing a Flight

3. Unfold and secure the V-support with the lock pin. To attach the V-support to the launch slide, make sure the knob is pointing to the left and then insert the V-support pins in the reserved holes, situated approximately 2/3 ofthe length ofthe launch slide. Turn the knob to the right to tighten.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 714 Completing a Flight

4. Pull the ends ofthe launcher cord out ofthe launch slide so that the cord lies on top ofthe launch slide. Note – Ifthe launchercordisblocked while the elasticsare not tightened, pullthe release handles upwardto unblockthem.
CAUTION – Never push the release handles when there is tension on the launcher cord. You will damage the elastics. If there is tension on the cord, insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end of the launcher and use the crankto very gently release the force. At the same time, pull the release handles gently upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counterclockwise to counteract the force on the elastics.

5. Position the launch dock on the end ofthe launch slide with the tabs on the launch dock pointing toward the direction oflaunch.

6. Slide the launch dock overthe ends ofthe launcher cord.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 724 Completing a Flight

7. To attach the ends ofthe launcher cord to the launch dock, removethe lock pin from the launch dock and then slide the lock pin through the holes in the launch dock, attaching the ends ofthe launch cord as you do so. Secure the lock pin.

8. Slide the launch dock overthe launch hook at the beginning ofthe launch slide, making sure the launch dock clicks into position. Make sure the trigger is not blocked. 9. Insert the safety pin into the launch dock.

WARNING – Always keep the safety pin inserted in the launch dock. Remove the safety pin onlyjust before launch. Early removal of the safety pin can result in accidental release of the launcher, causing serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 or launcher.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 734 Completing a Flight

CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 sitting on the launch dock. 10. Position the launcher at the planned takeofflocation, with the launch direction pointing into the takeoffdirection you have indicated in the software. 11. Make sure the takeofflocation is free ofobstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances, page 33. 

## Placing the UX5 onto the launcher 1. Position the UX5 at the front ofthe launch dock and use yourfingertips to guide the launcher slats on the underside ofthe UX5 onto the lips ofthe launch dock.

2. Use the artificial horizon indicator in the Aerial Imaging softwareto check the pitch and roll of the UX5 on the launch dock. The pitch angle should be between 20° and 30° and the roll angle should be between
-5° and 5°. The horizon should be positioned parallel to the UX5 on the artificial horizon indicator. Ifyou need to adjust the horizon, reposition the launcher. 

## Transmitting the flight plan This step appears only ifthe software is still transmitting the flight plan to the eBox. Iftransmission ofthe flight plan is already complete, this step does not appear. The button is available once flight plan transmission is complete.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 744 Completing a Flight 

## Initializing At this step in the flight checklist, the eBox initializes. It must acquire lock on at least 4 usable GPS satellites. The GPS receiver in the eBox determines the usability ofthe satellites, based on the characteristics ofeach satellite. 

## Removing the pitot cover Removethe coverfrom the pitot tube. 

## Checking the airspeed response Press and hold the pitot tube for no more than 5 seconds. Make sure that the value in the black arrowat the left ofthe artificial horizon in the status panel ofthe Aerial Imaging software changes. 

## Positioning the propellers 1. Check the position ofthe propellers on the unmanned aircraft and make sure they are pointing backward as shown in the Aerial Imaging software. 2. Ifthe propellers are not positioned correctly, carefully adjust them.
WARNING – Always take care when touching the propeller blades. If the unmanned aircraft receives a sudden shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury. 

## Tightening the launcher cord elastics 1. Insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end ofthe launch slide. 2. Stretch the launcher cord using the crank. In normal circumstances, the node between the cord and elastic should be in the middle ofthe hole numbered "4" on the launcher.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 754 Completing a Flight

CAUTION – The launcher cord stretches with every launch. When you can easily reach the last hole when tightening the cord, replace the launcher cord to prevent unsuccessful launches and damage to the launcher or the UX5. For more information, click in the Home screen, select Launcher in the list to the right and then select Replacing the launcher cord or refer to the Trimble UX5Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide. 3. Removethe crank. 

## Verifying the position of the aircraft on the launcher
WARNING – Take care to ensure the UX5 is correctly positioned on the launch dock. An incorrect position can result in launch failure, causing serious personal injury and damage to the rover or launcher.



## Removing the safety pin To removethe safety pin, position yourselfbehind the launcher, reach carefully underthe UX5 and then pull out the safety pin. WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. If the UX5 receives a sudden shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 764 Completing a Flight 

## Arming the system This step ofthe flight checklist shows a summary ofthe system status. Ifthere is an issue with any of the launch values, then the value is shown in red.

To arm the system, tap Arm. Awarning message appears if:

l the UX5 battery life is less than 75%. Ifthe battery level is low, the battery level line is red.

l theTablet battery life is less than 90 minutes.
l the number ofsatellites is between 4 and 8. The system will not allowyou to launch the UX5 ifthe following errors are reported:

l The eBox is not in the correct state.
l GPS signal is not OK.
l Takeoffsensor is not OK (this means that the yaw, pitch, and roll values are not yet stabilized).

l Datalogging has not started.

l The GCS has no GPS connection.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 774 Completing a Flight 

## Launching the UX5 Once you have armed the system, the software prompts you to launch the aircraft. 1. Just before launch, perform the following safety checks: a. Make sure there are no aerial objects inside the zone ofoperation. b. Make sure you have a clear line ofsight to the UX5. c. Make sure there are no obstacles or people nearthe front ofthe launcher.
WARNING – Make sure you complete each of the safety checks listed at this step. Failure to do so could result in serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 or launcher. 2. When you have made sure that everything is clear in front of, above, and behind the launcher, stand behind the launcher and press the launch handle to launch the UX5. CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 sitting on the launch dock. 3. Ifan obstacle such as a person or animal suddenly appears in the obstacle clearance zone during takeoff

, tap in the Aerial Imaging software. The UX5 immediately powers down and returns to the ground. For more information, see Emergency software commands, page 84. After launch, the UX5 flies to the first waypoint, which is highlighted on the map in the Dashboardtab. Ifthe UX5 is not yet at the flight height when it reaches this point, it climbs in circles of100 m radius until it reaches the desired height. 4. After launch, releasethe tension on the launcher cord elastics. Leaving tension on the launcher cord elastics for extended periods can damagethe elastics.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 784 Completing a Flight

To releasethe tension, releasethe force with the crank very gently while pulling the release handles in the front ofthe launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwiseto counteract the force on the elastics.



# Monitoring the flight
CAUTION – It is your responsibilityto take action during flight when the safety of the UX5 aerial imaging rover or its surroundings is compromised. To do this you must:

– Have visual contact with the unmanned aircraft at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the unmanned aircraft and look out for other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Keep an eye on changing weather conditions.

– Locate the unmanned aircraft on the Tablet screen.

– Monitor the flight telemetry on the Tablet screen. For information on the appropriate action to take ifyou see an oncoming aerial object at any point during the flight, see Handling emergencies during flight, page 82. Aftertakeoff, the UX5 aerial imaging rover climbs to the specified cruise height. Once the unmanned aircraft has passed its first waypoint, the second waypoint is initiated. From this point, the unmanned aircraft follows the preprogrammed flight path.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 794 Completing a Flight

The Dashboardtab with an example flight is shown below:

You must use the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet to monitorthe unmanned aircraft during the entire flight:

l The trajectory ofthe unmanned aircraft on the map must be close to the programmed flight path.

l Monitorthe strength ofthe communication link
.
l Monitorthe number ofusable satellites
. l No signal: No GPS lock (0–3 satellites)

l 1 signal line: 4–6 satellites
l 2 signal lines: 7 or more satellites

l Monitorthe level ofpower in the UX5 battery. In the battery status bar , the value is expressed as a percentage and as time remaining in minutes.
l Comparethe actual flight height with the desired flight height set during mission and flight planning.
l Comparethe actual airspeed with the desired airspeed, which is 80 kph (49 mph) during cruise flight. The actual airspeed can be higherthan the desired speed when the UX5 is coping with a high head wind. The maximum airspeed is 90 kph (56 mph)
. l Monitorthe throttle. The throttle should be around 30% during cruise flight in normal conditions.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 804 Completing a Flight

l Monitorthe software for in-flight warnings and errors such as loss ofGPS lock and loss of communication link. For more information on these warnings and the appropriate action to take, see Failsafes during flight, page 81 and Errors and warnings, page 99. l Monitorthe number offlight lines flown against the total number offlight lines (displayed in the status line belowthe map). The Dashboardtab with an example flight is shown below: 

## Changing the landing parameters during flight Ifconditions change during the flight, it may be advisableto alterthe landing parameters set in the flight plan while the UX5 is still in flight. Note – Once you confirm the landing, you cannot change the landingparameters. To changethe landing parameters: 1. Select the Flights tab. The Flights tab appears to the left ofthe Dashboardtab. 2. Tap beside Landing. 3. Depending on the situation, do one ofthe following:
l Ifthe wind direction has changed and the landing clearances are notjeopardized, rotate the landing heading ofthe current landing accordingly.
l Ifthere is a sudden obstacle in the clearance zone ofthe current landing and you have defined an alternative landing location that is clearfrom obstacles, tap the landing pin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Landing properties to select this location. Adapt the landing heading according to the actual wind direction. Note – For the current andanyalternative landingsetup, it ispossible to change anyother parameters. However, thisrequiresmore effort andtime which you maynot have. Make sure that if you change the landing location, the location is GPSfixed. For more information, see Setting the landing properties, page 39. 

## Failsafes during flight The following failsafe mechanisms activate when a technical issue occurs that reduces the safe behavior ofthe unmanned aircraft:

l Loss ofGPS lock during flight

l Loss ofcommunication link during flight

l Overspeed protection

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 814 Completing a Flight



### Loss ofGPS lock during flight Ifthe unmanned aircraft does not receive GPS communications for a period of4seconds, then a notification appears on theTablet, and the following automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated: 1. The unmanned aircraft banks at an angle of25° while orbiting at its current location for 20 seconds. Ifthe unmanned aircraft successfully reacquires GPS lock, then it flies to the specified landing location and begins a normal landing sequence. 2. Ifthe unmanned aircraft is unable to reacquire GPS lock, then it activates the Flight Termination System (FTS). During FTS: a. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph)
. b. The unmanned aircraft orbits down in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of7 m (23 ft)
. Note – During FTS without GPSlock, the unmannedaircraft attempts to circle but the outcome isellipticalcirclesas the unmannedaircraft issubject to winddrift. c. The unmanned aircraft levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground. 

### Loss ofcommunication link during flight Ifthe unmanned aircraft does not receive a communication packet forthe time specified in the Communication timeoutfield in theAutopilotsettings group oftheSettings screen, or ifthe communication link is poor and communication packets are being received intermittently, then a notification appears on theTablet and the unmanned aircraft flies to the specified landing location and begins a normal landing sequence. Unlike a normal landing, you are not prompted to confirm landing before the final leg ofthe landing. An audible sound indicates that the UX5 is about to land. Ifcommunication resumes during this automaticfailsafe mechanism, the unmanned aircraft continues the landing sequence. 

### Overspeed protection Ifthe unmanned aircraft detects a steep and fast decline, it will maximize drag to minimizethe impact on the ground. The aircraft will descend in a "flat-spin"-like flight trajectory. 

## Handling emergencies during flight This topic describes typical emergency scenarios that may occurwhen the UX5 is in flight. For all scenarios, you must assess the situation before taking action. Take into account your location (that is, the location ofthe GCS) and the current location, course, and speed ofthe UX5. Note – Ifthe situation istoo critical (forexample,fast moving aircraft) tap and when prompted confirm Flight Termination System (FTS) activation to immediately abort theflightandput the UX5 in an orbit towardthe ground.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 824 Completing a Flight



### An approaching aircraft The most common emergencies involve another aircraft entering the vicinity at approximately the same height as the UX5. Scenario Action When the other aircraft has left the vicinity... The approaching aircraft will not cross theflight path ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap , , , or to move the UX5 to a safe position. Tap in the message boxon the map to cancel the pattern and continue mapping. The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft and the UX5 are converging. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 to a safe position. Tap in the message boxon the map to cancel the pattern and continue mapping. The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft is diverging from the flight path ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap , , or to move the UX5 to a safe position. Tap in the message boxon the map to cancel the pattern and continue mapping. The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft is intercepting the flight path ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 to a safe position. (An aircraft intending to overtake an aircraft in front ofthem overtakes that plane on the right side.) Tap in the message boxon the map to cancel the pattern and continue mapping.

The approaching aircraft is approaching the UX5 head-on. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 to a safe position. Tap in the message boxon the map to cancel the pattern and continue mapping. The approaching aircraft intends to land. A landing aircraft has priority over an UX5

at all times. Never assumethat the aircraft has noticed the UX5. Take the necessary safety measures depending on the situation. Tap in the message boxon the map to cancel the pattern and continue mapping. Occasionally other objects such as birds enterthe zone ofoperation. Assess the situation and try to avoid collisions using the methods described above. Ifa collision does occur, immediately tap in the Aerial Imaging software and ifprompted, confirm FTS activation to abort the flight. Once the UX5 has landed, carefully check equipment for damage.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 834 Completing a Flight



### Other types ofemergency In case ofothertypes ofemergency, take the recommended action. Scenario Action Engine failure is rare but may occur. The following parameters in the Aerial Imaging software indicate engine failure:

l Altimeter decreases

l Battery voltage increases
l Throttle percentage increases until 100% 1. Assess the situation. 2. Tap to immediately terminatethe flight. Ifno button is tapped, the UX5 glides downward, following the flight plan.

Aerial Imaging software freezes or crashes on the GCS when the UX5 is in the air. Immediately restart the software. Ifyou are unable to restart the software, restart the GCS and then restart the Aerial Imaging software. After restarting the software: 1. Go to the Projects screen and open the project for the flight in progress. 2. In the Flights tab, select the flight in progress. 3. Select the Flightchecklisttab. When connecting to the autopilot, a message asks if the aircraft is already in the air. 4. Tap to confirm. The Aerial Imaging software downloads the existing flight plan from the eBoxand enables you to continuethe flight. 

## Emergency software commands The Dashboardtab ofthe Aerial Imaging software provides several buttons that enable you to manually interrupt the pre-programmed flight plan while the unmanned aircraft is in the air. Use these commands to take evasive action ifrequired. Note – Tapping anybutton in thisscreen overridesanypreviouscommand. Note – The onlybutton available when the UX5 isbelow50m (164ft) during takeoffis .

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 844 Completing a Flight



### Land Use the button when the flight must be terminated and there is time and space for a pre-planned landing. When you tap , the unmanned aircraft immediately terminates its flight plan and initiates a normal landing sequence. It flies at the desired flight height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984ft) from the landing location. Ifthe Land command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the landing entry point while descending. l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the landing entry point while ascending. When the aircraft has reached the landing entry point but is not yet at a height of75 m (246ft) +the landing offset, it starts circling downward in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of 75 m (246ft) +the landing offset. The aircraft then orbits until you do one ofthe following:

l To completethe landing, tap in the message boxon the map. The aircraft finishes circling when all landing conditions are met and then it starts the final leg ofthe landing.

l To releasethe Landcommand, tap in the message boxon the map. The aircraft returns to the start ofthe flight line it was on when the flight plan was interrupted, and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

### Flyto Use the button to move the unmanned aircraft from its current position to a location you choose. To enable the button, tap the location on the map that you want the unmanned aircraft to move to. When you tap , the unmanned aircraft flies to the specified location and then orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. Ifthe Fly to command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the specified location while descending. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the specified location, the aircraft circles downward until the desired height is reached.
l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the specified location while ascending. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the specified location, the aircraft circles upward until the desired height is reached. When in the Fly to pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's desired flight height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higherthan 750 m (2460ft)
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 854 Completing a Flight

To release the Fly to command, tap in the message boxon the map. The unmanned aircraft returns to the desired flight height it was at before the Fly to pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. Note – Ifyou tap the map again while the unmannedaircraft isin the Flytopattern, tap in the message boxon the map toflyto the newlocation on the map. 

### Hold Use the button when another aircraft in the vicinity is observed. When you tap , the unmanned aircraft begins orbiting its current location at the desired flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. Ifthe Hold command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft circles downward until it reaches the height ofthe next block.
l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft circles upward until it reaches the height ofthe next block. When in the Hold pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higher than 750 m (2460ft)
. To release the Hold command, tap in the message boxon the map. The unmanned aircraft returns to the desired flight height it was at before the Hold pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

### Here Use the button when the unmanned aircraft must be removed from the general area of mapping and you want to have it within close sight. When you tap , the unmanned aircraft immediately flies to the location ofthe ground control station (GCS) and orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. Ifthe Here command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the GCS location while descending. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the GCS location, the aircraft circles downward until the desired height is reached.
l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the GCS location while ascending. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the GCS location, the aircraft circles upward until the desired height is reached.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 864 Completing a Flight

When in the Here pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higher than 750 m (2460ft)
. To release the Here command, tap in the message boxon the map. The unmanned aircraft returns to the desired flight height it was at before the Here pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

### Right Use the button when you want to move the unmanned aircraft rightward from its current position but have it close to its current location. When you tap , the unmanned aircraft flies 300 m (984ft) to the right ofthe current heading and then orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If the Rightcommand is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the right while descending. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the orbit location, the aircraft circles downward until the desired height is reached.
l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the right while ascending. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the orbit location, the aircraft circles upward until the desired height is reached. When in the Right pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higher than 750 m (2460ft)
. To release the Rightcommand, tap in the message boxon the map. The unmanned aircraft returns to the desired flight height it was at before the Right pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

### FTS Activatethe Flight Termination System (FTS) when the UX5 must be removed from the air as quickly as possible. The button can be used during takeoff, cruise flight, and landing. To activatethe FTS, tap and ifprompted, confirm FTS activation in the message boxon the map. Note – Ifyou do not tap in the message box, the UX5 continues theflight. Note – Confirmation isalwaysrequired, except during takeoffwhen the UX5 isstillbelow25 m (82ft)
. The unmanned aircraft immediately aborts the flight. During cruise flight, this involves: 1. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph)
. 2. The unmanned aircraft orbits down in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 874 Completing a Flight

10 m (33 ft)
. 3. The unmanned aircraft levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground. Ifyou activate FTS when the unmanned aircraft is at a height ofless than 25 m (82 ft)
–that is, during takeoffor landing–then the unmanned aircraft slows to 60 kph (37 mph) and flies downward in a straight line at the current heading until it glides to the ground. 

### Abort Note – The button isavailable onlyduring thefinalleg ofthe landing when the aircraft ismore than 15 m (49ft) above ground. Make sure you consider the obstacle clearancesfor theAbort manoeuvre before you tap . Formore information, see Obstacle clearancesforlanding, page35. Use the button to abort the landing. When you tap , the unmanned aircraft climbs to 75 m (246ft) in the direction ofthe landing heading and then turns to the landing entry point to start the landing circuit again. To land you must tap in the message boxon the map again. 

## Dealing with a crash Acrash is an accident associated with the operation ofan aircraft in which:

l a person is fatally or seriously injured

l the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure

l the aircraft is missing or completely inaccessible Note –A landing on the intendedlandingsite that causesdamage to the aircraft due to the landing surface cannot be seen asa crash. 1. Ifa crash occurs which causes injuries or death, you must: a. Contact the emergency services. b. Help where necessary, without risking your own life. c. Make a perimeter around the accident. Make sure no evidence disappears. d. Notify your civil aviation authority (CAA). 2. Ifa crash occurs which causes damageto another object: a. Contact the emergency services when necessary (for example, ifgas, electricity, orwater supplies are affected). b. Contact the owners ofthe object that is hit. c. Notify your civil aviation authority. 3. Take pictures ofthe crash site. Download the data files from the GCS and send all data and pictures to yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 884 Completing a Flight 

# Landing the UX5
CAUTION – It is your responsibilityto ensure the safety of the unmanned aircraft during landing. To do this you must:

– Have visual contact with the unmanned aircraft at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the unmanned aircraft and look out for other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Locate the unmanned aircraft on the Tablet screen.
WARNING – Make sure there are no people or obstacles near the landing zone. Failure to do so could result in serious personal injury and damage to the rover. After passing the last waypoint on the scan lines, the UX5 terminates its flight plan and initiates a normal landing sequence. It flies at cruise height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984ft) from the landing location. It starts circling downward in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of75 m (246ft)
. It keeps circling in left or right circles, depending on the direction specified in the Aerial Imaging software, until you tap in the message boxon the map. To completethe landing, tap in the message boxon the map. The UX5 finishes its current circle until it reaches the intersection with the landing direction and then it starts the final leg ofthe landing.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 894 Completing a Flight

The image belowshows the linear landing circuit using a landing orientation set to right turns.



## Locating the UX5 after landing Ifthe UX5 has landed somewhere in the field and you are not able to visually locate it, you can track it using the tracking system receiver. 1. On the receiver, press and hold the On/Off key forthree seconds to power on the receiver. 2. Press the Menu/OK key to enterthe menu. 3. Select the transmitteryou want to track down using the Scan key and then press the Menu/OK key to confirm. 4. Fold out the four antennas on the receiver and then place the receiver on the palm ofyour hand, taking care not to touch any ofthe antennas. 5. Increasethe gain as much as possible using the Increase key. 6. To pick up the first signal pulses, hold the receiver in front ofyou at high level and slowly turn 360°, scanning the horizon with the antenna. Tip– Make sure the internal antenna is selected. The range ofthe receiver is wider ifyou track from an elevation. Always hold the receiver in front ofyou so thatthe receiver can distinguish between incoming signals from the front and the back.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 904 Completing a Flight

Each received signal pulse and its strength are shown on the transmitter bar/received signal strength indicator and indicated with an audible signal. 7. Scan the area to determinethe direction with the highest signal strength. Ifthe signal strength is the same in all directions, reduce the gain using the Decrease key until the received signal strength is halfthe transmitter bar and then repeat the scan. 8. Followthe determined direction. Repeat the scan at intervals to verify the direction you need to head in to locate the UX5. Note – Ifyou experience difficultiesfinding the roverfollowing one direction, trydoing the scanfrom a different location andlocating the cross-section between the new andpreviouslyfounddirection. For more information on using the tracker system, referto the user documentation forthe trackertransmitter and receiver. 

# Completing the post-flight checklist 1. Afterthe UX5 has successfully landed, tap . 2. A message warns that the UX5 should be on the ground. Do one ofthe following:

l Ifthe UX5 is noton the ground, tap . You will return to the flight monitoring screen.
l Ifthe UX5 is on the ground, tap . The UX5 goes into standby mode and the post-flight checklist appears. 3. Removethe download port cap from the eBoxand then attach the download cable to the eBox and the modem. 4. Click
. The software detects the cable connection and automatically starts downloading the log files from the eBoxto theTablet. Note – Ifthere isan issue with the cable connection, the post- flight checklist returns to the previous screen. Detach andthen reattach the cable andthen click
. 5. When prompted, disconnect the download cable and then reattach the download port cap to the eBox. 6. When prompted, removethe camera from the unmanned aircraft. Trimble recommends deleting the test images taken on the ground from the SD card. Verify that the number of images taken during the flight are equal to the amount ofshutter commands recorded in the flight log. Ifyou have not deleted the test images from the SD card, there will be a mismatch between the number ofimages and the number ofshutter commands and you will need to correct this. For more information, see Exporting flight data for processing, page 96. Note – Ifyou have imagesfrom more than oneflight on the camera, you mayneedto remove the SD cardfrom the camera, insert it into the Tablet, andthen use Windows Explorer to navigate to the correctfolderon the SD cardto view the numberofimages takenfor theflight. To do thisyou will

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 914 Completing a Flight

needa USB toSD cardreaderoran externalstorage device. Formore information, see Locating yourequipment, page 60. 7. Select the check boxforthe block(s) that were successfully mapped during the flight. 8. Tap to close the post-flight checklist and return to the Flights tab. The status ofthe flight changes to: Flown, log files downloaded and settings frozen. To redo this flight, make a copy ofthe flight. The settings ofthe newflight are editable. In the Blocks tab, one ofthe following icons appears next to the block name in the block list:

l Successfully mapped and settings frozen.

l Not successfully mapped and settings frozen. Ifthe log files were downloaded the icon appears next to the block number on the map. Afrozen block can still be scheduled in otherflights. It will be flown again with the same settings. To map the block with different settings, make a copy ofthe block and changethe settings as required. 

# Disassembling the launcher For safe disassembly ofthe launcher, referto the Trimble UX5LauncherQuickStart Guide. 1. Ifyou have not yet released the tension on the launcher cord, then do so now. To releasethe tension, releasethe force with the crank very gently while pulling the release handles in the front ofthe launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwiseto counteract the force on the elastics.

2. Removethe lock pin on the launch dock and detach the launcher cord. 3. Using the crank, tighten the launcher cord so that most ofthe cord is in the launch slide but the end remains out. Removethe crank.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 924 Completing a Flight

4. Slide the launch dock offthe front ofthe launch slide. 5. To detach the V-support, turn the knob upward and then slide the pins out ofthe holes in the launch slide. Removethe lock pin on the V-support to fold the legs and then reinsert the lock pin. CAUTION – Take care when folding the V-support legs not tojam or cut fingers. 6. Open the handle fixes on the launch slide and fold the launch slide. 7. Return the following items to the launcher bag:
l safety pin
l launch dock with lock pin
l V-support
l crank
l launch slide with elastics For more information, see Locating your equipment, page 60.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 93

# Analysis and Export

n Transferring the images
n Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software
n Exporting flight data for processing

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 94



# 5 C H A P T E R5 Analysis and Export 

# Transferring the images Note – Ifyou alreadytransferredthe imagesfrom the camera to an externalstorage device in thefield, then transfer the imagesfrom that device to a location on the computerrunning theAerialImaging Desktopsoftware, or to a networklocation. Ifyou have not already transferred the images from the camera: 1. When you return to the office, removethe SD card from the camera. 2. Insert the SD card into an office computer and then transferthe images from the SD card to a location on the computer or a network location. 3. Delete the images from the SD card. 4. Replacethe SD card in the camera. Note – Because the camera hasno electronic communication with the externallens, the image properties (exifdata)show a 0 valuefor the propertieslinkedto the lens. These propertiesare: F-stop, focallength andmax. aperture. 

# Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software Although you can use the Aerial Imaging software on theTrimbleTablet to analyze and export the flight data for processing, it will typically be done in the office using the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. To be able to do this you must export the project from the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet and import it to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. To export the project from the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet: 1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export. 2. Click
. The Export wizard appears. 3. Select the GWTformat. Click Next. 4. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to save the project. IftheTablet cannot access a network folder, then insert a USB stick and then navigateto a folder on the USB stick. 5. Enterthe file name and then click Save. The exported project is saved as a .gwt file in the folderyou selected. 6. Click Finish to close the Export wizard. To import the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software: 1. Start the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. 2. In theAerialImaging Home screen or Projects screen, tap .

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 955 Analysis and Export

3. Navigateto the location ofthe .gwt file, select it and then tap Open. The project you imported is listed in the Projects screen and the project thumbnail appears. 

# Exporting flight data for processing Note – You can exportflight datafrom theAerialImaging Desktopsoftware, orfrom theAerialImaging software on the Trimble Tablet, ifyou have copiedthe images to the Tablet. 1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export flight data from. 2. Click
. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the format to export to:
l To process the flight data usingTrimble Business Center software, select the .jxl option.
l To process the flight data using other processing software, select the .csv/.txt option. 4. Click Next. 5. Select the flight to export and then select the folderwhere you have stored the images forthat flight. The summary at the bottom ofthe windowshows you the number ofcamera triggers in the flight log file and the number ofimages in the selected image folder. Ifthese numbers do not correspond, you have the option to correct it using the Aerial Imaging software. For each scan line the software matches the shutter commands with the number of images. Note – Thefilesmust be correctedbefore exporting to Trimble Business Center. Note – Ifthere are more than three imagesmissing ormore than three additionalimages (excluding test imagesorimagesfrom anotherflight), Trimble recommendsperforming theflight again. Ifthere are:
l Too many images, the automatic correction will delete test images or images from a previous flight. In any other case where scan lines have more images than shutter commands, the extra images are dropped at the end ofthe scan line, regardless ofwhere in the scan line the extra images occurred.
l Not enough images, where scan lines have more shutter commands than images, the extra shutter commands are dropped at the end ofthe scan line, regardless ofwhere in the scan line the extra shutter commands occurred. Note – Ifthe missing imagesare not due to obviousreasonssuch asa depletedcamera battery duringflight, an SD card with incorrectspecifications (see Locating yourequipment, page 60 ), orincorrect camerasettings, contactyour Trimble distributor. A message appears, showing the correction results. 6. Click Next. 7. Enter a file name forthe exported flight data and then click Save.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 965 Analysis and Export

By default the exported file is stored in the same folder as the images forthe flight. This is required for processing .jxl files usingTrimble Business Center. 8. Click Finish to close the Exportwizard.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 97

# Troubleshooting

n Errors and warnings
n Landing issues
n Aerial Imaging software issues
n eBox LED status
n Technical support

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 98



# 6 C H A P T E R6 Troubleshooting 

# Errors and warnings This topic describes error messages orwarnings that may appear. Ifthe problem persists, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Low battery level If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM Replacethe battery with a fully charged battery and then redo the

flight checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Replacethe battery with a fully charged battery and then redo the flight checklist. In-flight Ifthe landing location is not too farfrom the location ofthe UX5 and

the battery level is not too low, tap the button. Otherwise, tap the button. 

## Loss of GPS lock If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight The automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 81
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 996 Troubleshooting 

## Communication loss If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight The automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 81
. 

## Camera errors Issue Solution The camera is taking a picture every 20to 25 seconds. 1. Abort the checklist.

2. Disconnect the UX5 battery. 3. Restart the checklist. 

## eBox errors There are two types ofeBoxerrors that can occur:

l Autopilot errors
l Miscellaneous eBoxerrors The appropriate action to take depends on the stage ofthe flight that the error occurs. For more information, see:

l Taking action when an Autopilot error occurs, page 104
l Taking action when an eBoxerror occurs, page 104

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1006 Troubleshooting



### Autopilot error message types The table belowexplains the types ofautopilot errorthat can occur. Code Description 2 There is an airspeed sensor hardware problem. 3 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 4 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 9 There is a pitch gyro sensor hardware problem. 11 There is a roll gyro sensor hardware problem. 13 There is a yawgyro sensor hardware problem. 16 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 17 There is an invalid command in the flight plan. 18 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 19 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 20 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 21 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 22 There is a gyro sensor hardware problem. 23 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 25 The aircraft has flown past the 300 km limit. 26 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is outside ofthe geofence; orthe aircraft has flown outside ofthe geofence. 35 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 36 There is a gyro sensor hardware problem. 37 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 38 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 39 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 40 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1016 Troubleshooting

Code Description 41 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 42 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 43 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 44 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 45 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 46 The flight plan contains a waypoint that exceeds the maximum allowed distance from the takeofflocation. 47 The aircraft is close to the 300 km limit. 49 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 50 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 51 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 52 There is a GPS receiver hardware problem. 53 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 55 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 56 There is an autopilot hardware problem. 57 There is an autopilot hardware problem. 58 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 59 There is a GPS receiver hardware problem. 60 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 61 There is an airspeed sensor hardware problem. 63 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 64 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 65 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 66 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 67 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 68 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1026 Troubleshooting

Code Description 69 There is an autopilot hardware problem. 71 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 72 There are multiple errors. 73 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 74 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 77 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 78 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 79 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 80 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 81 There is an invalid command in the flight plan. 84 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 85 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 86 The aircraft is above the maximum altitude limit. 87 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 88 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is above the maximum allowed altitude from the takeofflocation. 89 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is outside ofthe geofence. 90 There is a pitch gyro sensor hardware problem. 91 There is a roll gyro sensor hardware problem. 92 There is a yawgyro sensor hardware problem. 93 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 94 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 95 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1036 Troubleshooting



### Taking action when an Autopilot error occurs If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight Ifthe landing location is not too farfrom the location ofthe UX5 and

the battery level is not too low, , tap the button. Otherwise, tap the button. 

### Taking action when an eBox error occurs Miscellaneous eBoxerrors include eBoxaltitude pressure sensor errors. If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Disconnect and then reconnect the battery to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight Always use . 

# Landing issues Ifthe unmanned aircraft does not automatically power offthe motor after landing, Trimble recommends manually powering offthe motor as soon as possibleto avoid motor damage. To

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1046 Troubleshooting

manually power offthe UX5, tap the button in the Aerial Imaging software. Ifthat does not work, press and hold the Mode button on the eBox until the LED flashes three times. WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury. 

# Aerial Imaging software issues Ifthe Aerial Imaging software on the GCS freezes or crashes when the UX5 is in the air, see Aerial Imaging software freezes or crashes, page 1. Ifthe software crashes, a crash dump file is automatically created. You are prompted to select the crash dump location and you can then send the file to TrimbleTechnical Support.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1056 Troubleshooting 

# eBox LED status The diagram belowshows the status ofthe LEDs on the eBox.



# Technical support Ifyou have an issue and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 106

# Specifications and Settings

n UX5 specifications

n Camera specifications

n Camera settings
n Battery charger settings

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 107



# 7 C H A P T E R7 Specifications and Settings 

# UX5 specifications The UX5 aerial imaging rover has the following specifications: 

## Power/battery Feature Specification Battery type Lithium polymer Nominal energy capacity 6000 mAh Nominal voltage 14.8V Battery charger settings for charging:

– Maximum current

–Voltage 6A 16.8V+/-0.03 V Battery charger settings for discharging:

– Maximum current

–Cut-offvoltage 40A 9V Battery charging time Maximum 2 hours iffully discharged. 

## Height Feature Specification Minimum flight height 75 m (246ft) Maximum flight height 750 m (2460ft) Maximum operational ceiling (recommended) 5000 m (16,400ft) Note – UX5 not testedabove 2500m (8202ft)
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1087 Specifications and Settings 

## Dimensions Feature Specification Maximum takeoffweight (MTOW) 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) Wing span 100 cm (39.3 ") Length 65 cm (25.6 ") Height 10.5 cm (4.1 ")
CAUTION – Any deviation leading to a different maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) must be approved byTrimble. 

# Camera specifications The camera has the following specifications: Feature Specification (Sony a5100) Specification (Sony NEX-5) Effective pixels 23.4 megapixels 16.1 megapixels Image sensor APS-C 23.5 x 15.6 mm (0.93 x 0.61") CMOS APS-C 23.5 x 15.6 mm (0.93 x 0.61") CMOS Focal length 15 mm (0.6") 15 mm (0.6") F-aperture 4.5 - 22 4.5 - 22 Shutter speed 1/4000
–60 1/4000
–30 ISO sensitivity ISO 100–25600 equivalent ISO 100–25600 equivalent Display 7.5 cm (3") 7.5 cm (3") Dimensions (width x height x depth) 109.6x 62.8x 35.7 mm (4.31 x 2.47x 1.41 ") 110.8x 58.8x 32.5 mm (4.36x 2.31 x 1.28 ") Weight 224g (0.49 lb) body only 218g (0.48 lb) body only Battery charging time Approximately 310 minutes when fully discharged Approximately 280 minutes when fully discharged

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1097 Specifications and Settings 

# Camera settings The camera arrives with the appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images set by Trimble. These settings are listed belowforthe:

l Sony a5100 camera settings
l Sony NEX-5 camera settings, page 115 Note the following:

l Settings that are greyed out in the camera menus cannot be selected and so are not listed here.

l Avalue of"–" in the tables below indicates that the value forthat setting is not set and is not required. 

## Sony a5100 camera settings Menu settings Camera settings Setting Value 1 Shoot Mode Shutter Priority Image Size L:24M Aspect Ratio 3:2 Quality Fine 2 Movie File Format AVCHD Movie Record Settings 50i 17M (FH) Dual Video REC Off Drive Mode Single Shooting Flash Mode Fill-flash 3 Flash Comp. ± 0.0 Red Eye Reduction Off Focus Area Center AF Illuminator Off

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1107 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value 4 Exposure Comp. ± 0.0 ISO ISO AUTO 5 Metering Mode Multi White Balance Auto

Forthe NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera, page 57 DRO/Auto-HDR D-Range Opt.
-AUTO Creative Style Standard Picture Effect Off 6 Focus Magnifier – High ISO NR Normal Smile/Face Detect. Off 7 Soft Skin Effect Off Color Space sRGB 8 Video Auto SlowShutter Off Audio Recording Off Wind Noise Reduct. Off ShootingTip List –

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1117 Specifications and Settings



### Custom settings Setting Value 1 Zebra Off MF Assist Off Focus Magnif. Time No limit Grid Line Diag + square grid Movie Marker Display Off Movie Marker Settings Center Aspect Safety zone Guide frame Off

Off Off Off 2 Auto Review Off DISP Button Display all info Peaking Level High Peaking Color Red Exposure Set. Guide Off 3 Live View Display Setting effect ON Disp. Cont. AF Area Off Zoom Setting Optical zoom only Release w/o lens Enable AELw/ shutter Off

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1127 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value 4 Selfportrait/
-timer Off Exp. Comp. Set. Ambient only Face Registration – AF Micro Adj. AF Adjustment Set. Clear Off

– 5 Lens Comp. Shading Comp. Chro. Aber. Comp. Distortion Comp. Off

Off Off Custom Key Settings Center Button Change all items to "Not set" EXCEPT Focus Magnifier
MOVIE Button Movie mode only


### Wireless Setting Value Airplane Mode On 

### Application There are no relevant settings set in theApplication menu. 

### Playback Setting Value Display Rotation Off

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1137 Specifications and Settings



### Setup Setting Value 1 Monitor Brightness Manual Audio Signals Off Tile Menu Off Delete Confirm. "Cancel" first 2 Power Save Start Time 30 mins PAS/NTSC Selector – Touch Operation Off HDMI Settings HDMI Resolution HDMI Info. Display CTRL FOR HDMI Auto

Off Off 3 USB Connection Auto USB LUN Setting Multi Language English Date/Time Setup Set the correct date and time foryour location and the

format used by your organization. Area Setting Set the correct area foryour location. 4 Format – File Number Series Folder name Date form 5 Version – Setting Reset –

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1147 Specifications and Settings 

## Sony NEX-5 camera settings Lens settings Setting Value Aperture ring f/4.5 Focus ring 3+ m Note – Thisisset andcalibratedbythe manufacturerandmust not change. Foryourreference, thisposition corresponds with the white dot appearing below the right edge ofthe red0in the 10ft mark. 

### Menu settings Shoot Mode Setting Value Shoot Mode S (Shutter priority)

1/1000 or above 

### Camera Setting Value Drive Mode Remote Cdr. Flash Mode – AF/MF Select – Autofocus Area – Autofocus Mode – Touch Shutter – Object Tracking/ Tracking Focus – Zoom – Face Detection Off Face Registration –

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1157 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value Smile Shutter Off Auto Port Framing Off Soft Skin Effect Off ShootingTip List – LCD Display Display All Info DISP Button Enable the following:

l Display All Info

l Big Font Size Disp
l Histogram 

### Image Size Setting Value Image Size L:16M Aspect Ratio 3:2 Quality Fine Movie File Format NEX 5R: N/A

NEX 5T: AVCHD Movie Record Setting NEX 5R: N/A

NEX 5T: 25p 17M (FH) 

### Brightness/Color Setting Value Exposure Compensation ± 0.0 Forthe NIR camera: + 1.0with the UV HAZE (orange)filter + 2.0with the NIR (black) filter ISO Auto White Balance Auto WB Forthe NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1167 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera, page 59 Metering Mode Multi DRO/Auto HDR D-Range Optimizer Picture Effect Off Creative Style Standard 

### Playback There are no relevant settings set in the Playback menu. 

### Application There are no relevant settings set in theApplication menu. 

### Setup Shooting settings Setting Value AELwith shutter On AF Illuminator Off Live View Display Setting Effect On Auto Review Off Grid Line Off Peaking Level Mid Peaking Color Red Clear Image Zoom Off Digital Zoom Off Self-portrait Self-timer Off MF Assist On MF Assist Time 2 Sec Color Space sRGB

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1177 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value Release without Lens Enable Front Curtain Shutter Off Long Exposure NR Off High ISO NR Normal Lens Comp.:Shading Auto Lens Comp.: ChromaticAberation Auto Lens Comp.: Distortion Auto Auto SlowShutter Off Movie Audio Rec. On Wind Noise Reduction On AF Micro Adjustment – Main settings Setting Value Menu Start NEX 5R: Top NEX 5T: Previous Function Menu Settings – MOVIE Button Off Custom Key Settings – Touch Operation Off Beep Off Language English Date/Time Setup Set the correct date and time foryour location and the format used by your organization. Area Setting Set the correct area foryour location. Help Guide Display Off Power Save Standard

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1187 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value Power Saving Start Time 30 min LCD Brightness Manual Display Color White Wide Image Normal Playback Display Manual Rotate HDMI Resolution Auto CTRLfor HDMI On USB Connection Auto Cleaning Mode – (Click to clean the sensor.) Version – (Click to see the camera and lens version.) Initialize – (Click to reset settings.) Memory card tool Setting Value Format – (Click to format a card.) File Number Series Folder Name Date Form New Folder – (Click to create a folder.) Recover Image DB – (Click to recoverthe image database.) Display Card Space – Click to viewcard space usage.)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1197 Specifications and Settings

Networksettings Setting Value Access Point Settings – Edit Device Name – Display MAC Address – (Click to viewthe MAC address.) Reset Viewon Smartphone/ SSID/PW Reset – NEX 5R: (Click to reset the remote view.) NEX 5T: (Click to execute smartphone connection SSID and password reset.) Reset Network Settings – (Click to reset the network settings.) Airplane Mode (NEX 5Tonly) On

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1207 Specifications and Settings 

# Battery charger settings When the charger power on, it displays the following parameters forthe battery:

l LiPo manual

l C:5.0A6000mAh
WARNING – Always checkthat the settings on the charger are correct before charging the battery. Incorrect charger settings may result in damage to the battery, severe burning and fire hazards. Ifthe settings are incorrect, correct them using the steps below: 1. To changethe battery type, press and hold the Prog/Mode key fortwo seconds. Repeat the button press until the charger screen shows “LiPo manual” or “LiIo manual” or “LiFe manual”. 2. Briefly press the Prog/Mode key (for less than two seconds). 3. To changethe lithium type, press the DEC or INC key until the lithium type is set to “LiPo”. 4. To changethe voltage per cell, press the Enter/Start key and then press the DECor INC key until the voltage is set to “4.20V/C”. 5. Briefly press the Prog/Mode key (for less than two seconds). 6. In the main screen, the “C:x.xA” entry is blinking. Press the DECor INC key until it shows "5.0". 7. To changethe battery capacity, press the Enter/Start key and then press the DEC or INC key until the battery capacity is set to "6000mAh". Your charger is nowset and should show:
l LiPo manual

l C:5.0A6000mAh 

# UX5 battery safety The following information has been provided by the manufacturer ofthe UX5 battery. You should familiarize yourselfwith the information in this section so that you know howto look afterthe battery and can take fast, appropriate safety action ifrequired. This section contains the following:

l Hazards identification, page 122
l First aid measures, page 124
l Fire fighting measures, page 124
l Accidental release measures, page 125
l Handling and storage, page 125
l Exposure controls and personal protection, page 127

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1217 Specifications and Settings

l Physical and chemical properties, page 127
l Stability and reactivity, page 127
l Toxicological information, page 128
l Disposal considerations, page 128
l Transportation information, page 128 

## Hazards identification Emergency overview

l Do not open or disassemble.

l Do not expose to fire or open flame.

l Do not mixwith batteries ofvarying sizes, chemistries ortypes.
l Do not puncture, deform incinerate or heat above 85°C (185°F)
. 

### Potential health effects The materials contained in this battery may only represent a hazard ifthe integrity ofthe battery is compromised or ifthe battery is physically or electrically abused. (1) Physical: The Lithium ion polymer rechargeable batteries described in this Material Safety Data Sheet are sealed units which are not hazardous when used according to the recommendations ofthe Manufacturer. Under normal conditions ofuse, the solid electrode materials and liquid electrolytethey contain are non-reactive provided the battery integrity is maintained and seals remain intact. Risk ofexposure is only in case ofabuse (mechanical, thermal, electrical) leading to the activation of safety valves and/orthe rupture ofthe battery containers. Electrolyte leakage, electrode materials reaction with moisture/water or battery vent/explosion/fire may follow, depending upon the circumstances. (2) Chemical: Classification ofdangerous substances contained into the product as per directive 67/548/EEC: Substance Melting point Boiling point Classification CAS no. Chemical

symbol Exposure limit Indication of danger Special

risk (1) Safety advice (2) 473894-38-1 182442-95-1 LiCoO2

LiMnNiCoO2 >1000 °C N/A 0.1mg/m3 as Co 1.0mg/m3 R22

R43 S2 S22 S24 S26 S36

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1227 Specifications and Settings

as Ni OSHA EC: 96-49-1 EMC: 623-53-0 Organic

solvents (EC– EMC) EC: 38 °C (100 °F)

EMC: 4 °C (39 °F) EC: 243 °C

(469 °F) EMC: 90 °C (194 °F) None

established OSHA Flammable R21

R22 R41 R42/43 S2 S24 S26 S35 S37 S45

21324-40-3 LiPF6 N/A (decomposes at 160 °C (320 °F)) N/A None established OSHA Irritant Corrosive R14

R21 R22 R41 R43 S2 S8 S22 S24 S26 S36 S37 S45 (1)
– Nature ofspecial risks: R14 Reacts with water R21 Harmful in contact with skin R22 Harmful ifswallowed R41 Risk ofserious damageto the eye R42/43 May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact (2)
–Safety advice: S2 Keep out ofreach from children S8 Keep away from moisture S22 Do not breathe dust S24 Avoid contact with skin S26 In case ofcontact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty ofwater and seek medical Protective clothing S36 Wear suitable protective clothing S37 Wear suitable gloves

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1237 Specifications and Settings 

## First aid measures In case ofbattery rupture or explosion, evacuate personnel from contaminated area and provide maximum ventilation to clear out fumes/gases. In all cases wherefirst aid is applied, seek medical attention. Eye contact

l Flush with plenty ofwater (eyelids held open) for at least 15 minutes. Skin contact

l Remove all contaminated clothing and flush affected areas with plenty ofwater and soap for at least 15 minutes.
l Do not apply greases or ointments. Ingestion

l Dilute by giving plenty ofwater and get immediate medical attention.
l Make sure that the victim does not aspirate vomited material by use ofpositional drainage.

l Make sure that mucus does not obstruct the airway.
l Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Inhalation

l Removeto fresh air and ventilatethe contaminated area.
l Give oxygen or artificial respiration ifneeded. 

## Fire fighting measures Fire and explosion hazard The battery can leak and/or spout vaporized or decomposed and combustible electrolyte fumes in case ofexposure above 70°C (158°F) resulting from inappropriate use orthe environment. Cells or batteries may flame or leak potentially hazardous organicvapors ifexposed to excessive heat orfire. Fire, excessive heat, or overvoltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products. Damaged or opened cells or batteries can result in rapid heating and the release offlammable vapors. Vapors may be heavierthan air and may travel along the ground or be moved by ventilation to an ignition source and flash back Fire, excessive heat, or overvoltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1247 Specifications and Settings

Use a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus ifbatteries are involved in a fire. Full protective clothing is necessary. During water application, caution is advised as burning pieces of flammable particles may be ejected from the fire. 

### Extinguishing media Suitable: CO2

Dry chemical orfoam extinguishers Not to be used: Type D extinguishers 

### Special exposure hazards Following cell overheating due to external source or due to improper use, electrolyte leakage or battery container rupture may occur and release inner component/material in the environment. Eye contact: The electrolyte solution contained in the battery is irritant to oculartissues. Skin contact: The electrolyte solution contained in the battery causes skin irritation. Ingestion: The ingestion ofelectrolyte solution causes tissue damageto throat and gastro/respiratory tract. Inhalation: Contents ofa leaking or ruptured battery can cause respiratory tract, mucus, membrane irritation and edema. 

### Special protective equipment Use self-contained breathing apparatus to avoid breathing irritant fumes. Wear protective clothing and avoid body contact with electrolyte solution. 

## Accidental release measures The material contained within the batteries would only be expelled under abusive conditions. Using shovel or broom, cover battery or spilled substances with dry sand orvermiculite, place in approved container (after cooling ifnecessary) and dispose in accordance with local regulations. 

## Handling and storage The batteries should not be opened, destroyed or incinerated since they may leak or rupture and release in the environment the ingredients they contain.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1257 Specifications and Settings



### Handling Batteries are designed to be recharged. However, improperly charging a cell or battery may cause the cell or battery to flame. Use only approved chargers and procedures. Never disassemble a battery or bypass any safety device. Do not crush, pierce, short (+) and (-) battery terminals with conductive (i.e. metal) goods. Do not directly heat or solder. Do not throw into fire. Do not mix batteries ofdifferent types and brands. Do not mix newand used batteries. Keep batteries in non conductive (i.e. plastic) trays. 

### Storage Do not store batteries above 60°C (140°F) or below
-20°C (-4°F)
. Store batteries in a cool (below30°C/86°F)), dry area that is subject to little temperature change. Elevated temperatures can result in reduced battery service life. Battery exposureto temperatures in excess of130°C (266°F) will result in the battery venting flammable liquid and gases. Batteries should be separated from other materials and stored in a noncombustible, well ventilated, sprinkler-protected structure with sufficient clearance between walls and battery stacks. Do not store batteries in a mannerthat allows terminals to short circuit. Extended short-circuiting creates high temperatures in the cell. High temperatures can cause burns in skin or cause the cell to flame. Avoid reversing battery polarity within the battery assembly. To do so may cause cell to flame orto leak. Do not place batteries near heating equipment, nor expose to direct sunlight for long periods. 

### Other Follow manufacturers recommendations regarding maximum recommended currents and operating temperature range. Applying pressure on deforming the battery may lead to disassembly followed by eye, skin and throat irritation.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1267 Specifications and Settings 

## Exposure controls and personal protection No engineering controls are required for handing batteries that have not been damaged. Respiratory protection: Notnecessary undernormaluse.

In case ofbattery rupture, use selfcontained full-face respiratory equipment. Hand protection: Notnecessary undernormaluse.

Use gloves ifhandling a leaking or ruptured battery. Eye protection: Notnecessary undernormaluse.

Wear safety goggles orglasses with side shields ifhandling a leaking or ruptured battery. Skin protection: Notnecessary undernormaluse.

Use rubber protective working in case ofhandling ofa ruptured battery. 

## Physical and chemical properties Temperature range: Continuous Occasional In storage +30°C (86°F) max. -20to +60°C (-4to +140°F) During discharge
-20to +60°C (-4to +140°F)

-20to +60°C (-4to +140°F) During charge 0to +45°C (+32to 113°F) 0to +45°C (+32to 113°F) 

## Stability and reactivity Conditions to avoid Heat above 60°C (140°F) or incineration. Deform, mutilate, crush, pierce, disassemble Short circuit Prolonged exposureto humid conditions. 

### Materials to avoid N/A

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### Hazardous decomposition products Fire, excessive heat, or overvoltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products. 

## Toxicological information 1. Irritancy: The electrolytes contained in this battery can irritate eyes with any contact. Prolonged contact with the skin or mucous membranes may cause irritation. 2. Sensitization: No information is available at this time. 3. Carcinogenicity: No information is available at this time. 4. Reproductivetoxicity: No information is available at this time. 5. Teratogenicity: No information is available at this time. 6. Mutagenicity: No information is available at this time. 

## Disposal considerations Dispose in accordance with applicable regulations which vary from country to country. (In most countries, the trashing ofused batteries is forbidden and the end-users are invited to disposethem properly, eventually through not-for-profit profit organizations, mandated by local government or organized on a voluntary basis by professionals). Batteries should be completely discharged priorto disposal and / orthe terminals taped or capped to prevent short circuit. When completely discharged it is not considered hazardous. This product does not contain any materials listed by the United Stated EPAas requiring specific waste disposal requirements. These are exempted from the hazardous waste disposal standards under Universal Waste Regulations. Disposal oflarge quantities ofLithium-lon batteries or cells may be subject to Federal, State, or Local regulations. Consult your local, state and provincial regulations regarding disposal ofthese batteries. 

## Transportation information United Nations UN No.: 3480 Classification: No Individual Lithium-polymer cells and battery packs with respectively not more than 20Wh (Cell) and 100Wh (Battery) ofwatt-hours are not restricted for transport. (5.0Ah ofNominal Capacity: 5.0Ah x 3.7V= 18.5Wh) 

### Packing Packing Instructions 965 forAirTransport
Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1287 Specifications and Settings

IMDG for Sea Transport 

### International conventions Air IATAYes Sea IMDG Yes Land ADR (road) Yes RID (Rail) Yes 

### Other In the USACode ofFederal Regulations (49 CFR Ch. 1 § 173-185) 

### Special packaging information Cells and batteries must be packed in inner packaging that completely encloses the cell or battery. Cells and batteries must be protected to avoid short circuits. Each package must be capable ofwithstanding a 1.2 m (4ft) drop test in any orientation without: 1. Damageto cells or batteries contained within the packaging; 2. Shifting ofthe contents allowing battery to battery contact; and 3. Release ofcontents.

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### Special shipping information This battery has been tested to Section 38.3 of‘UN Manual ofTests and Criteria’. The amount of Lithium contained in these batteries is belowthe limits set by the DOT in Section 49CFR173 and IATA. These can be shipped with the following label:

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# A A P P E N D I X


# Country-Specific Regulatory Information

n FAAconditions and limitations of operation
n French airspace requirementsA Country-Specific Regulatory Information 

# FAA conditions and limitations of operation The United States ofAmerica Department ofTransportation Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) has granted Exemption No. 11110for operation ofTrimble unmanned aviation systems forthe purpose ofprecision aerial surveys in the United States. Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption. The conditions and limitations ofthis grant ofexemption are as follows: 1. Operations authorized by this grant ofexemption are limited to the following aircraft described in the operator’s manual which is a fixed-wing aircraft weighing less than 6 pounds: Trimble Navigation Limited UX5 UAS. Proposed operations ofany other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this grant. 2. The UA may not be flown at an indicated airspeed exceeding 74.5 knots. 3. The UA must be operated at an altitude ofno more than 400feet above ground level (AGL), as indicated by the procedures specified in the operator’s manual. All altitudes reported to ATC must be in feet AGL. 4. The UA must be operated within visual line ofsight (VLOS) ofthe PIC at all times. This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device otherthan corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate. 5. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The VO may be used to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS capability. The VO and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times. The PIC must be designated before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation forthe duration ofthe flight. The PIC must ensure that the VO can perform the functions prescribed in the operator’s manual. 6. Provided the additional requirements identified in these conditions and limitations are added or amended, the operator’s manual is considered acceptableto the FAA. The operator’s manual and this grant ofexemption must be maintained and made availableto the Administrator upon request. Ifa discrepancy exists between the conditions and limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operator’s manual, the conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operator’s manual. The operator may update or revise its operator’s manual. It is the operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised documents to the Administrator upon request. The operator must also present updated and revised documents ifit petitions for an extension or amendment ofthis exemption. Ifthe operator determines that any update or revision would affect the basis upon which the FAAgranted this exemption, then the operator must petition for amendment to its exemption. The FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) may be contacted ifquestions arise regarding updates or revisions to the operator’s manual. 7. Priorto each flight the PIC must inspect the UAS to ensure it is in a condition for safe flight. If the inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation ofthe UAS, the aircraft is

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prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight. The Ground Control Station must be included in the preflight inspection. All maintenance and alterations must be properly documented in the aircraft records. 8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation orflight characteristics, e.g. replacement ofa flight critical component, must undergo a functional test flight in accordance with the operator’s manual. The PIC who conducts the functional test flight must make an entry in the UAS aircraft records ofthe flight. The requirements and procedures for a functional test flight and aircraft record entry must be added to the operator’s manual. 9. The preflight inspection section in the operator’s manual must be amended to includethe following requirement: The preflight inspection must account for all discrepancies, i.e. inoperable components, items, or equipment, not covered in the relevant preflight inspection sections ofthe operator’s manual. 10. The operator must followthe manufacturer’s UAS aircraft/component, maintenance, overhaul, replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements, with particular attention to flight critical components that may not be addressed in the manufacturer’s manuals. 11. Trimble must carry out its maintenance, inspections, and record keeping requirements in accordance with the operator’s manual. Maintenance, inspection, and alterations must be noted in the aircraft logbook, including total flight hours, description ofwork accomplished, and the signature ofthe authorized UX5 technician returning the UX5 to service. 12. UX5 technicians must receive and document training referenced in the operator’s manual. 13. Each UAS operated underthis exemption must comply with all manufacturer System and Safety Bulletins. 14. Trimble UX5 maintenance personnel must make a record entry in the UAS logbook or equivalent document ofthe corrective action taken against discrepancies discovered between inspections. 15. The PIC must possess at least a private pilot certificate and a third-class airman medical certificate. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 14 CFR 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate. 16. Priorto operating for hire, the PIC must have completed Trimble’s five-day UX5Training Syllabus as outlined in the Safety Checklist. TheTraining Manual must also be updated to reflect the specificfive day Training Syllabus presented by Trimble. TheTraining Manual specifies the minimum flight and skill requirements forthe Remote Pilot, Instructor Pilot and Examiner. Those Manuals and records ofthose requirements must be documented and made available upon request by the Administrator. Those minimum flight requirements are repeated here as conditions and limitations: Remote pilot [PIC]
l Minimum 2 flights on the UX5 as a remote pilot during theType Rating module

l Minimum 2 flights on the UX5 as visual observer during theType Rating module

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l When failed:Minimum 4flights on the UX5 forthe failed part Instructor pilot
l A minimum of25 flights and 4 hours where:
l The flights occurred on 4 different calendar days.

l Two long endurance flights that last nearthe maximum permissible endurance (40 min for operations conducted underthis exemption) or have a minimum duration of 45 min for previously logged flights orflights not conducted underthis exemption (per theTrimble operation’s manual).
l One flight with a minimum measured wind speed of30 kph (18.64mph). Ifthe wind speed cannot be measured, you can provide prooffrom METAR as close as 25km from the weather station.
l One flight with a minimum programmed leg distance of1 km (ifpossible by CAA regulations, otherwise as long as possible.)
l 11flights with a different selected height where:

l 2 flights are at the minimum height

l 2 flights are at the maximum allowable height Examiner
l 100flights and 20 hours (regardless ofaircraft type) or as approved by a team of examiners. Prior documented flight experiencethat was obtained in compliance with applicable regulations may satisfy this requirement. Training, proficiency, and experience-building flights can also be conducted underthis grant ofexemption to accomplish the required flights and flight time. 17. Ifthe UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a predetermined location within the private or controlled-access property and land or be recovered in accordance with the operator’s manual. 18. The PIC must abort the flight in the event ofunpredicted obstacles or emergencies in accordance with the operator’s manual. 19. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a UX5 flight unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough powerto fly to the first point ofintended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly afterthat for at least 10 minutes. 20. The operator must obtain an AirTraffic Organization (ATO) issued Certificate ofWaiver or Authorization (COA) priorto conducting any operations underthis grant ofexemption. This COAwill also requirethe operatorto request a Notice to Airman (NOTAM) not more than 72 hours in advance, but not less than 48 hours priorto the operation. 21. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification (N-Number) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be as large as practicable.

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22. Before conducting operations, the radio frequency spectrum used for operation and control of the UA must comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or other appropriate government oversight agency requirements. 23. The documents required under 14 CFR 91.9 and 91.203 must be availableto the PIC at the Ground Control Station ofthe UAS any time the aircraft is operating. These documents must be made availableto the Administrator or any lawenforcement official upon request. 24. The UA must remain clear and yield the right ofway to all other manned operations and activities at all times (including, but not limited to, ultralight vehicles, parachute activities, parasailing activities, hang gliders, etc.). 25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device orvehicle. 26. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR 1.1. 27. All operations shall be conducted in Class G airspace. 28. All operations must be conducted undervisual meteorological conditions (VMC). The UA may not be operated less than 500feet belowor less than 2,000feet horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC. 29. During operations in Class G airspace, the UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles ofthe geographic center ofan airport as denoted on a current FAA-published aeronautical chart unless a letter ofagreement with that airport’s management is obtained, and the operation is conducted in accordance with a NOTAM as required by the operator’s COA. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be made availableto the Administrator upon request. 30. The UA may not be operated over congested or densely populated areas. These areas include but are not limited to the yellowareas depicted on World Aeronautical Charts (WAC), Sectional Aeronautical Charts (Sectionals), orTerminal Area Charts (TAC). However, aeronautical charts may not reflect pertinent local information. Ultimately, it is the PIC’s responsibility to maintain the minimum safe altitudes required by § 91.119. 31. Operation ofthe UA must be conducted at least 500feet from all nonparticipating persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures. 32. Operations ofthe UA may be conducted at distances less than 500feet from participating persons, vessels, vehicles or structures that perform an essential function in connection with these special purpose operations. Operations closerthan 500feet from the PIC, VO, operator trainees and essential persons, are permitted when operationally necessary; but never so close as to present an undue hazard, per § 91.119(a). 33. Operations ofthe UA may be conducted at distances less than 500feet from unoccupied vessels, vehicles or structures owned by the land owner/controllerwhen the land owner/controllergrants such permission and the PIC makes a safety assessment ofthe risk from operations closerto these objects.

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34. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with permission from the land owner/controller or authorized representative. Permission from land owner/controller or authorized representative will be obtained for each flight to be conducted. 35. Any incident, accident, orflight operation that transgresses the lateral orvertical boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported to the FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be reported to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov
. Unless otherwise specified in the list ofconditions and limitations above, the unmanned aircraft system (UAS), pilot in command (PIC), and operator must comply with all applicable parts ofTitle 14, Code ofRegulations (14 CFR) including, but not limited to, parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 136Glossary 

# Glossary
aerial imaging rover The UX5 aerial imaging rover is a type ofunmanned aircraft specifically

designed for aerial photogrammetry. aerial photo station An aerial photo station is created each time an aerial photo is taken

during a flight. It defines a point and includes rawsensorvalues (orientation and tilt), coordinate data, and an image. aeronautical information publication A manual containing thorough details ofregulations, procedures and

other information pertinent to flying aircraft in the particular country to which it relates. It is usually issued by or on behalfofthe respective civil aviation administration. AIP See aeronautical information publication
. avoidance zone Avoidance zones are used in the mission map to indicate areas that the

unmanned aircraft must not fly over, such as airports and forbidden airspace. block Contained within a mission, a block is intended to cover a single polygonal

area on the earth's surface. A mission contains one or more blocks. A block is defined by a flight plan. CAA Civil Aviation Authority. cross wind Awind that blows from a sideways direction. elevon The movable flap on the back edge ofeach wing. The elevons move up

and down to create uneven lift, which controls the aircraft's rolling and banking movement. flight The motion ofthe aircraft through the earth's atmosphere. The main part

ofthe flight records aerial photo station images ofone or more blocks. One flight can stretch over multiple blocks, depending on the area parameters. flight plan Aset ofparameters that defines the properflight path the unmanned

aircraft must followduring a single flight. Parameters includethe desired altitude ofthe side image overlap. A mission can include one or more blocks, each ofwhich is defined by a flight plan. flight strategy Pre-defined sequence offlight lines that can be set per block. GCP See ground control point. GCS See ground control station.
Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 137Glossary

georeference The act ofpositioning an object at its true location (using two or more

coordinates) in 2D or 3D space. Georeferencing is used, for example, to position an aerial photograph accurately in relation to other objects in a project. georeferenced image A photo taken from a ground- or aerial-based station that includes

overlaid point coordinate data. See also georeference
. ground control point An accurately surveyed coordinate location for a physical featurethat can

be identified on the ground and is used to georeference images. ground control station The ground control station (GCS) is used to control the unmanned aircraft

from the ground. It comprises theTrimbleTablet running theTrimble Aerial Imaging software. A modem is connected to theTablet to enable radio communication to the aerial imaging rover. Although the unmanned aircraft flies following a preprogrammed flight plan, you need the GCS to managethe unmanned aircraft before, during, and afterthe flight. ground sample distance In the Aerial Imaging software, the ground sample distance (GSD) is the

distance on the ground represented by each pixel. The GSD and the height at which the aircraft flies are linked. The higherthe unmanned aircraft flies, the largerthe distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images acquired during the flight. GSD See ground sample distance. head wind Awind that blows from the direction that the aircraft is flying toward. height The height above the ground that the unmanned aircraft flies. The rover

does not begin taking photographs until it reaches the height specified for the flight. IATA International AirTransport Association ICAO International Civil Aviation Authority launch The process ofreleasing the roverfrom the launcher. Launch immediately

preceeds takeoff. launch dock The platform that rests on the launcher. The unmanned aircraft sits on

the launch dock. The launch dock moves forward along the launcher at speed when the unmanned aircraft is launched. launcher The launcher is a mechanical device that provides a safe way to launch the

unmanned aircraft in the direction oftakeoff. METAR A routine aviation weather report issued at hourly or half-hourly intervals.

It is a description ofthe meteorological elements observed at an airport at a specifictime.
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mission An interconnected series ofaerial photo station images recorded with an

unmanned aircraft system (UAS) that are intended to be processed as a single unit and used for surveying purposes. A mission can include one or more blocks that cover a single polygonal area to be flown over at a defined overlap and GSD. mission area Asingle polygonal area that defines the geographical area to be

photographed at a defined overlap and GSD during one or more flights. NOTAM A notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots ofpotential

hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight. The term NOTAM is commonly used ratherthan the more formal term Notice to Airmen. photogrammetry The use ofphotography in surveying and mapping to make

measurements between objects. pitot tube The sensor used by the aircraft to detect airspeed. It must be kept clean

and free ofobstructions to operate correctly. remote pilot station The station at which the remote pilot manages the flight ofan unmanned

aircraft. remotely-piloted Control ofan aircraft from a pilot station which is not on board the

aircraft. remotely-piloted aircraft An aircraft where the flying pilot is not on board the aircraft. This is a

subcategory ofunmanned aircraft. remotely-piloted aircraft system Aset ofconfigurable elements consisting ofa remotely-piloted aircraft, its

associated remote pilot station(s), the required command and control links and any other system elements as may be required at any point during flight operation. RPA See remotely-piloted aircraft
. RPA observer A remote crew memberwho, by visual observation ofthe remotelypiloted aircraft, assists the remote pilot in the safe conduct ofthe flight. RPAS See remotely-piloted aircraft system. scan area A polygonal area on the earth's surface where aerial images are recorded. segregated airspace Airspace ofspecified dimensions allocated for exclusive use to a specific

user(s). TAF See terminal aerodrome forecast
. tail wind Awind that blows from the opposite direction to the direction that the

aircraft is flying toward.

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takeoff The initial ascent ofthe unmanned aircraft. Takeoffimmediately follows

launch. terminal aerodrome forecast Aterminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) is a concise statement ofthe

expected meteorological conditions at an airport during a specified period (usually 24 or 30 hours). tiepoint A point in a digital image or aerial photograph that represents the same

location in an adjacent image or aerial photograph. Tie points are used to correctly orient aerial photo stations to each other and referencethem to the ground based on autonomous GNSS positions recorded when the photo images are taken. tracker The tracker consists ofa transmitter inserted in the body ofthe

unmanned aircraft and a receiver. Ifrequired, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signal so the unmanned aircraft can be located once it has landed. UA See unmanned aircraft
. UAS See unmanned aircraft system. unmanned aircraft An aircraft which is intended to operate with no pilot on board. See also

unmanned aircraft system (UAS). unmanned aircraft system An aircraft and its associated elements which are operated with no pilot

on board. visual line-of-sight operation An operation in which the remote crew maintains direct visual contact

with the aircraft to manage its flight. waypoint Awaypoint is a point between major points on a route, as along a track.

In terms ofthe Aerial Imaging software, a waypoint is located at the beginning and end ofeach flight line in the scan area. winglet The extreme edge ofthe wing.

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