Intensity Distribution and Isoseismal Maps for the

Nisqually, Washington, Earthquake of 28 February 2001

by

James W. Dewey1, Margaret G. Hopper1,

David J. Wald2, Vincent Quitoriano2, and Elisabeth R. Adams3

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

1U.S. Geological Survey, MS 966

Box 25046, Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225-0046

2U.S. Geological Survey

Pasadena, CA 91160

3U.S. Geological Survey and Caltech

Pasadena, CA 91160

This report has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the

North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only

and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

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Open-File Report 02-346

2002
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CONTENTS 

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CII and the Derivation of RCII from CII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Traditional USGS MMI for the Nisqually Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Comparison of RCII and MMI for the Nisqually Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Reports of Specific Types of Damage are Not a Necessary or Sufficient Condition for Assigning High RCII . . . . 10

Defining the Outermost RCII Isoseismal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Number of Observations as a Guide to the Reliability of RCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Comparison of the 2001 Nisqually Earthquake with the Puget Sound Earthquakes of 1949 and 1965 . . . . . . . . . . 15

Description of Earthquake Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

RCII 7.5-8.4 (or MMI 8 for communities with no RCII) in Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

RCII 6.5-7.4 (or MMI 7 for communities with no RCII) in Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

RCII 5.5-6.4 (or MMI 6 for communities with no RCII) in British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

RCII 5.5-6.4 (or MMI 6 for communities with no RCII) in Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

RCII 5.5-6.4 (or MMI 6 for communities with no RCII) in Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

RCII 4.5-5.4 (or MMI 5 for communities with no RCII) in Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

RCII 4.5-5.4 (or MMI 5 for communities with no RCII) in Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

RCII 4.5-5.4 (or MMI 5 for communities with no RCII) in Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) in British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) in Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) in Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) in Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) in Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) in British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) in Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) in Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) in Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) in Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) in British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) in Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) in Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) in Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) in Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

FIGURES

Figure 1. Far-field isoseismal map and Reviewed Community Internet Intensities (RCII) for the 

Nisqually earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Figure 2. Isoseismals and distribution of Reviewed Community Internet Intensities (RCII) in the 

Puget Sound region for the Nisqually earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 3. Comparison of: (A) Reviewed Community Internet Intensities (RCII) and,

(B) traditional USGS Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI) for the Nisqually earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Figure 4. USGS MMI and rounded-off RCII as a function of Log(epicentral distance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 5. For zip codes to which RCII 7 is assigned, the number of observers reporting damage that is 

characteristic of USGS MMI 7 as a function of the total number of observations in the zip code . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
iii

Figure 6. For zip codes to which RCII 6 is assigned, numbers of observers reporting damage that is 

characteristic of USGS MMI 6 and USGS MMI 7 as functions of the total number of observations in the 

zip code. Redmond, Washington, outside of the bounds of this figure with 595 observations; had 13 percent 

reporting damage 6 effects and 1 percent reporting damage 7 effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Figure 7. Defining the outermost isoseismal of the Nisqually earthquake within the U.S. 

(A) outermost isoseismal contoured on USGS MMI

(B) outermost isoseismal contoured on RCII, assigning "not felt" to zip codes that have more than 10,000 people 

and from which no CII observations were received 

(C) outermost isoseismal contoured on RCII, assigning "not felt" to zip-codes that have more than 1,000 people 

and from which no CII observations were received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 8. RCII, not rounded off, plotted as a function of Log(epicentral distance), with symbols indicating the 

numbers of observations used to calculate each RCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 9. RCII, not rounded off, plotted as a function of Log(epicentral distance), with symbols differentiating the

azimuthal quadrant in which the community is located . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 10. USGS MMI from the Nisqually earthquake and the Puget Sound earthquake of April 13, 1949,

for the United States and Vancouver Island, BC, Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Figure 11. USGS MMI from the Nisqually earthquake and the Puget Sound earthquake of April 29, 1965,

for the United States and Vancouver Island, BC, Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 12. Partial collapse of URM building wall, Sodo neighborhood of Seattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 13. Damage to upper wall of URM building, Sodo neighborhood of Seattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

Figure 14. Unreinforced building in Centralia, damaged in the earthquake, and partially collapsed several days 

after the earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Figure 15. Brick veneer was peeled from the upper wall (near street) of this apartment building in Chehalis . . . . . 21

Figure 16. Damaged pilaster on State Capitol building, Olympia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure 17. Toppled chimney, Capitol Hill neighborhood of Olympia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure 18. Bricks fallen from an unreinforced masonry parapet litter a sidewalk in downtown Olympia. 

In the Puget Sound earthquakes of 1949 and 1965, debris falling from buildings killed people on sidewalks 

below. Fortunately, this did not happen with the Nisqually earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

TABLE

Table 1. Comparison of USGS MMI and RCII for zip codes to which both types of intensity were applied . . . . . 9
1

We present isoseismal maps, macroseismic intensities, and

community summaries of damage for the MW=6.8

Nisqually, Washington, earthquake of 28 February, 2001.

For many communities, two types of macroseismic intensity are assigned, the traditional U.S. Geological Survey

Modified Mercalli Intensities (USGS MMI) and a type of

intensity newly introduced with this paper, the USGS

Reviewed Community Internet Intensity (RCII). For most

communities, the RCII is a reviewed version of the

Community Internet Intensity (CII) of Wald and others

(1999). For some communities, RCII is assigned from

such non-CII sources as press reports, engineering reports,

and field reconnaissance observations. We summarize differences between procedures used to assign RCII and

USGS MMI, and we show that the two types of intensity

are nonetheless very similar for the Nisqually earthquake.

We do not see evidence for systematic differences between

RCII and USGS MMI that would approach one intensity

unit, at any level of shaking, but we document a tendency

for the RCII to be slightly lower than MMI in regions of

low intensity and slightly higher than MMI in regions of

high intensity. The highest RCII calculated for the

Nisqually earthquake is 7.6, calculated for zip code 98134,

which includes the “south of downtown” (Sodo) area of

Seattle and Harbor Island. By comparison, we assigned a

traditional USGS MMI 8 to the Sodo area of Seattle. In

all, RCII of 6.5 and higher were assigned to 58 zip-code

regions. At the lowest intensities, the Nisqually earthquake

was felt over an area of approximately 350,000 square km

(approximately 135,000 square miles) in Washington,

Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and southern British Columbia,

Canada. On the basis of macroseismic effects, we infer

that shaking in the southern Puget Sound region was

somewhat less for the 2001 Nisqually earthquake than for

the Puget Sound earthquake of April 13, 1949, which had

nearly the same hypocenter and magnitude. Allowing for

differences in hypocenter, shaking in the 2001 earthquake

was very similar to that produced by the Puget Sound

earthquake of April 25, 1965. First-person accounts of the

effects of the 2001 earthquake on individual households

are given for some communities.

On February 28, 2001, 10:54 a.m. Pacific Standard Time,

the U.S. Pacific Northwest and adjacent Canada were

shaken by an earthquake centered beneath the southern

Puget Sound lowlands of Washington. The shock is

referred to as the “Nisqually” earthquake, after the

Nisqually River delta, which is located near the shock’s

epicenter. One death, due to heart attack, is attributed to

the Nisqually earthquake, and approximately four hundred

people sustained injuries due to the shock. Nearly three

hundred buildings were declared uninhabitable (redtagged or yellow-tagged; table 4.1 in Nisqually

Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001). Air transportation into the Puget Sound region was restricted as a result

of earthquake damage to SeaTac Airport and Boeing

Field. Economic losses were initially estimated to be over

one billion dollars (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse

Group, 2001), but as of this writing final estimates of economic losses have not been prepared. As of July 30, 2001,

Federal disaster assistance in the form of disaster housing

assistance, individual and family grants, and low interest

loans from the Small Business Administration totaled

$129.7 million (information extracted from Web-site at

http://www.fema.gov/diz01/d1361n89.shtm, dated July 30,

2001): such Federal disaster assistance would address only

a small fraction of the total economic losses.

The hypocenter and magnitudes of the Nisqually earthquake are as follows (U.S. Geological Survey, 2001). 

Origin time: 28 February 2001, 18:54:32.8 UTC

(10:54:32.8PST) 

Epicenter: 47.149N., 122.727W. 

Depth: 52 km 

Magnitude: 6.5mb(GS), 6.6MS(GS), 6.7MW(GS),

6.8MW(HRV), 6.5Me(GS)

The purpose of this report is to describe the overall distribution of damage and felt effects in the earthquake. The

spatial distribution of damage associated with the

Nisqually earthquake, as with most damaging earthquakes,

was complex. We represent the damage at several levels of

generality. At the most general levels, we represent the

severity of ground motion within communities by means

of macroseismic intensities, and we use isoseismal contours to represent the distribution of average intensities

(fig. 1-2). In this study, “community” is synonymous with

Introduction

Abstract
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Helena

Boise

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Olympia Olympia

Tacoma

Seattle Seattle

Victoria Victoria

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Figure 1. Far-field isoseismal map and Reviewed Community Internet Intensities (RCII) for the Nisqually

earthquake.
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7

7

7

8

0 2 0 4 0 60 80 100 Kilometers

1 Not felt

2 RCII 2

3 RCII 3

4 RCII 4

5 RCII 5

6 RCII 6

7 RCII 7

8 RCII 8

Epicenter

122°

48°

47°

123°

VII

VI

VII

V

V

V IV II-III

IV Victoria Victoria

Everett Everett

Seattle Seattle Bellevue Bellevue

Federal Way

Tacoma Lakewood Lakewood

Olympia Olympia

Victoria

Everett

Seattle Bellevue

Federal Way

Tacoma Lakewood

Olympia

Figure 2. Isoseismals and distribution of Reviewed Community Internet Intensities (RCII) in the Puget

Sound region for the Nisqually earthquake.
4

“postal zip-code region” unless specifically stated otherwise. At a more specific level, in the section entitled

Description of Earthquake Effects, we summarize the

damage or effects that we used to assign intensities to

individual locations. Finally, at the most specific level, we

report individual instances of damage and effects that,

although not necessarily decisive in the assigning of intensities, are nevertheless illustrative of phenomena that were

associated with the Nisqually earthquake.

The maps of figures 1 and 2 show the distribution of

macroseismic intensities associated with the Nisqually

earthquake. The type of intensity plotted is what we call

the Reviewed Community Internet Intensity, or RCII.

The use of the RCII is new with this paper, but we anticipate that it will become the standard intensity for official

USGS intensity maps of the most damaging future earthquakes, replacing the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)

that has been assigned to U.S. earthquakes by an agency

of the Federal government since 1931. For many purposes,

the RCII can be used interchangeably with the MMI. For

most communities, however, the data and procedures used

to assign RCII are different than the data and procedures

used to assign MMI, and these differences may in principle lead to differences in the intensity values themselves

that are significant for some studies. An important purpose

of this paper is to document similarities and differences of

RCII and MMI for the Nisqually earthquake.

A preliminary USGS MMI map for the Nisqually earthquake was presented by Hopper and others (2001) and has

been published in the weekly edition of the

USGS/National Earthquake Information Center’s

Preliminary Determination of Epicenters bulletin. The

maps presented in this paper supercede the preliminary

USGS MMI map. 

A macroseismic intensity is a number that characterizes

the severity of earthquake ground shaking at a specific

location by considering non-instrumental (“macroseismic”) observations of the effects of the shaking on people,

manmade structures, and natural surroundings at the location. 

The Community Internet Intensity (CII) is a macroseismic

intensity prepared automatically from observations submitted by volunteers through the Internet to the USGS CII

Web-site (http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/shake; Wald and

others, 1999). Users volunteer observations by means of

Web questionnaires, specific effects noted on the Webquestionnaires are coded as numbers, the numbers are

averaged, weighted and summed, and the weighted sum of

averages is converted by a formula to an intensity value

(Dengler and Moley, 1994; Wald and others, 1999). The

CII are recalculated in the hours and days following an

earthquake as new data are received; the current values of

CII are presented in maps and tables on the USGS CII

Web-site. For the Nisqually earthquake, the CII were

based on over 12,000 questionnaires volunteered by residents of the northwestern U.S. and adjacent Canada.

Archives of CII data are maintained on the USGS CII

Web-site.

The CII procedure was designed with the intention that

CII would agree on average with the traditional USGS

Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI). The formula for converting the weighted sum of Web-questionnaire responses

CII and the Derivation of RCII from CII

to a CII intensity was derived by regression from a learning set of weighted sums and traditional USGS MMI

(Wald and others, 1999). Unlike the MMI, which is only

assigned as integer values, the CII is calculated as a decimal number. In many presentations, the CII are rounded

off to integer values and we will do so for some comparisons made in the present paper. In rounding off, CII having values from 7.5 through 8.4 are rounded off to 8, CII

having values from 6.5 through 7.4 are rounded off to 7,

etc. In this paper, however, we will also present a

reviewed version of CII in decimal form, to the nearest

tenth of an intensity unit. We do this not because we

believe that individual CII are accurate to the nearest tenth

of an intensity unit, but because there is evidence that decimal intensities are capable in certain situations of resolving systematic variations of intensity that are smaller than

one intensity unit (Dengler and Dewey, 1998).

The CII procedure has major advantages over the procedure that has traditionally been used at the USGS to

assign MMI: the CII procedure produces intensities and

intensity maps much more rapidly than the traditional

MMI procedure; the CII procedure, once established for a

region, requires much less personnel time than the MMI

procedure; for many communities, the CII is based on

many more observations than the traditional MMI.

Experience to date suggests that, overall, rounded-off CII

agree well with the MMI from the same communities. 
5

We here introduce the Reviewed Community Internet

Intensity (RCII) as a minor modification to the CII. The

additional, RCII-specific, procedures are intended to

define a unique set of mostly Internet-based intensities

from the many possible sets of CII, to minimize the influence of errors in Web-questionnaire responses, and to

account for reliable macroseismic observations that come

from other sources than the CII Web-site. RCII will be

assigned to a relatively few U.S. earthquakes, principally

damaging earthquakes for which there are many macroseismic observations from other sources than the CII Website and non-damaging earthquakes in regions of low seismicity. Reports describing the assignment of RCII will be

available through the USGS CII Web-site.

The characteristics of RCII and its differences from CII

are as follows:

(1) The default RCII for a community will be the CII for

that community computed with data that have been contributed to the CII Web-site before a specified cut-off time.

There will thus be only one set of RCII for each earthquake. In contrast, the CII posted on the CII Web-site are

updated continuously as new observations are contributed,

and the CII assigned to a community may change as new

observations are received for the community.

Provisionally, on the basis of experience with CII to date,

we are basing the RCII on data received within 14 days of

the earthquake’s occurrence.

In the case of the Nisqually earthquake, the imposition of

a 14 day cut-off period (deleting observations submitted

after March 14, 2001, 10:54:32 PST) had little effect on

the overall intensity distribution that would have been

derived by considering all reports contributed through

September 13, 2001, the latest date on our overall working

file of observations submitted to the CII Web-site. CII

could be computed for 606 zip codes with the data contributed through 14 days, compared with the 614 zip codes

for which CII could be computed with data contributed

through September 13. For 109 of the 606 zip codes, the

values of CII computed with the data contributed through

14 days differed from the CII computed with the data contributed through September 13, but for only three of the

zip codes was the change as large as one intensity unit.

(2) Data used in the calculation of RCII will be more

thoroughly reviewed than data used in the calculation of

CII. We look for evidence that observers have used wrong

zip codes for entering data, that they did not understand a

critical element of the CII Web-questionnaire, or that the

CII Web-questionnaire was not suitable for their situations

at the time of the earthquake. We examine individual

observations from zip codes whose CII are conspicuous

outliers from the trends suggested by other CII.

In about 10 percent of zip codes for the Nisqually earthquake, we identified cases of people entering data from

locations that were actually situated well outside of the zip

code. Many of these incorrectly entered data were submitted by Canadians who deliberately entered Canadian

observations in U.S. zip codes because the CII Webquestionnaire had no provision for Canadian postal-codes.

We were able to obtain RCII for 27 Canadian towns with

these data. 

Not counting changes of RCII due to correction for incorrectly entered zip codes, 37 of the 606 RCII were changed

from the corresponding CII as a result of our identifying

cases where the observer seems to have misunderstood the

intent of a query on the Web-questionnaire, or where our

formulation of a query incorporated an incorrect assumption about the situation of the observer at the time of the

earthquake. Only one of these changes was as large as one

intensity unit. 

Cases of observers misunderstanding the CII Webquestionnaire most commonly arose with the questionnaire’s attempt to elicit information about damage to the

observer’s building. The questionnaire, for example,

allowed the observer to cite “building shifted over foundation” as one type of damage. This effect was listed among

possible types of damage in order to provide observers a

chance to report buildings that were permanently shifted

over their foundations by the earthquake, and the effect

has been treated in CII calculations as indicating serious

damage. For the Nisqually earthquake, about 0.5 percent

of observers reported that their “building shifted over

foundation”. On the basis of other information they provided, however, it is clear that many of these observers

were intending to state only that they perceived the building superstructure to have moved with respect to the foundation during the earthquake. We edited out the “building

shifted over foundation” response except for cases where a

“building permanently shifted over foundation” might

have consistent with other effects reported by the observer.

(We have also, subsequent to this study, changed the corresponding questionnaire item to read “building permanently

shifted over foundation”.)

As examples from the Nisqually earthquake of observers’

situations that were different than we had assumed when

we formulated a query, we cite cases in which “building

shifted over foundation” or “separation of porch, balcony,

or other addition from building” were described for mobile

homes that were not explicitly stated to be strapped to
6

their foundations. These effects to mobile homes may have

been real, but the CII effects as described on the Webquestionnaire were intended to refer to fixed structures.

(3) RCII may be adjusted from the CII, or assigned to

communities for which there are no CII, on the basis of

macroseismic observations other than those volunteered

over the Internet to the CII Web-site. Sources of such

observations include press reports, engineering reports,

and field reconnaissance, and we will here refer to the

observations as “traditional” macroseismic observations,

because they were the type of observations used to assign

traditional USGS MMI. In contrast, the CII are based

entirely on observations volunteered over the Internet. Zip

codes for which RCII are adjusted from CII will be those

in which the traditional macroseismic data are judged to

provide significantly better insight into the level of shaking than provided by the CII data and to imply an MMI

value that differs from the CII value as rounded off to the

nearest integer. RCII will be assigned to these zip codes

by the traditional USGS MMI classification procedure, as

discussed by Stover and Coffman (1993). RCII assigned

from traditional macroseismic observations will be

assigned integer values, consistent with the assigning of

USGS MMI. Zip codes for which intensities are adjusted

will generally be among those for which either the MMI

value or the rounded-off CII value are 6 or greater. On the

basis of traditional macroseismic data, RCII may also be

assigned to locations to which CII are not assigned.

In the case of the Nisqually earthquake, we changed one

RCII (that for SeaTac, Washington, now listed under intensity 7) from the corresponding CII on the basis of traditional macroseismic data. We also assigned RCII on the

basis of a press report to a community (Adna, Washington,

intensity 6) from which had received no CII data. We did

not assign RCII on the basis of responses to the traditional

USGS postal questionnaires (see next section), because a

major purpose of this paper is to determine how future

RCII assigned without postal questionnaire data might be

biased with respect to traditional USGS MMI assigned

with postal questionnaire data.

Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI) have been assigned

by U.S. government agencies since 1931. The assigning of

an MMI is a classification scheme similar to that used for

most macroseismic intensities (e.g., Gruenthal and others,

1998), though not for the CII. The various macroseismic

effects reported for a community are considered collectively in light of the effects that are defined in the

Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931 (Wood and

Neumann, 1931) as characteristic of different intensity

levels. The selected intensity is that for which the match is

best in the judgement of the seismologist. Experience with

the MMI scale in the decades since 1931 has shown that

some criteria of the MMI scale are more reliable than others as indicators of the level of ground shaking. Moreover,

construction methods have changed appreciably since the

scale was introduced. Assigning of USGS MMI values has

therefore involved use of the original criteria of Wood and

Neumann (1931) with amendments and modifications that

were developed after 1931. In assigning intensities to the

Nisqually earthquake, we follow amendments and modifications that are summarized by Stover and Coffman

(1993) and that have been used by the USGS to assign

MMI in recent years (e.g., Dewey and others, 1995).

Except in regions of strong damage, traditional USGS

MMI have been heavily dependent on macroseismic

observations collected by means of USGS postal questionnaires. Following the Nisqually earthquake, the USGS

sent out 1,163 mail questionnaires to post offices situated

within 800 km of the earthquake epicenter and to post

offices, police stations, and fire stations within 140 km of

the epicenter. Over 75 percent of these postal questionnaires were returned. Those receiving the questionnaires

were asked to describe damage and other earthquake

effects that were characteristic of their entire communities

or zip-code areas. 

Two of the authors (J.W. Dewey and M.G. Hopper) conducted a reconnaissance field trip in the region of

strongest shaking during March 1–March 9. They visited

neighborhoods in Seattle and Olympia, smaller towns in a

polygon bounded by Seattle, Steilacoom, Olympia,

Shelton, Elma, Chehalis, Ashford, Enumclaw, and Auburn,

and towns in the Longview area. They focussed on sites of

significant damage that had been identified in the press,

neighborhoods in Seattle within which strong-motion seismographs were located at the time of the earthquake, and

towns that had experienced intensity 8 effects in the Puget

Sound earthquake of April 13, 1949. 

In addition to using data and observations that we collected ourselves, we made significant use of press reports and

Traditional USGS MMI for the Nisqually Earthquake
7

MMI as one for each Internet observer. For cities with

more than two Internet observers, we have sorted intensities in order of increasing size and taken for the city MMI

the highest intensity in the 50th percentile—75th percentile range. For cities with two observations, the city

MMI corresponds to the higher of the two. In this paper,

we use the GSC MMI for MMI isoseismal maps, and the

GSC MMI are listed in the Description of Earthquake

Effects section, but, because the GSC MMI are now based

on a different instrument for collecting macroseismic data

than the traditional USGS MMI, we do not use GSC MMI

in our comparison of RCII and MMI (next section).

preliminary reconnaissance reports by Bray and others

(2001), EQE International (2001), Filiatrault and others

(2001), and the Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse

Group (2001).

Most of the MMI listed for Canadian cities were provided

by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). These MMI

are “traditional” only in the sense that the USGS has traditionally relied on the GSC and earlier Canadian government seismological services for MMI in Canada. In recent

years, the GSC has been collecting macroseismic data via

the Internet (e.g., Cajka and Halchuk, 1998), and the present MMI are based on such data. We received the GSC

In this section, we summarize several studies conducted to

evaluate the possibility that RCII might be biased with

respect to traditional MMI for the Nisqually earthquake.

In principle, because of the different data and procedures

used to assign RCII and MMI, it would not be surprising

if there were biases in RCII with respect to MMI at some

levels of shaking, notwithstanding that the RCII (CII) procedure was formulated so that RCII (CII) would on average agree with MMI. Therefore, at the same time that we

present evidence for the overall similarity of MMI and

RCII for the Nisqually earthquake, we also note discrepancies that might point to a systematic bias.

For the Nisqually earthquake, there were 676 zip codes to

which traditional MMI were assigned and 606 to which

RCII were assigned. For 333 of these zip codes, both

MMI and RCII were assigned (table 1). We defer, to a

later paragraph, discussion of zip codes in which one or

both of the MMI and RCII correspond to “not felt,” and

we consider here the 297 zip codes for which both MMI

and RCII were 2 or greater. For 89 percent of these zip

codes, the MMI and rounded-off RCII agree to within one

intensity unit. We regard the scatter shown in table 1 as

broadly similar to what one might expect from random

errors in both RCII and MMI. The Nisqually data

nonetheless suggest that RCII may be somewhat smaller

than MMI in regions of lowest intensity and somewhat

higher than MMI in regions of highest intensity. Thus, as

an illustration of possible bias in regions of lower intensity, we consider the 203 zip codes for which either an MMI

of 5 or less was assigned or a rounded-off RCII of 5 or

less was assigned. Among these zip codes, there were 52

cases of RCII > MMI, 69 cases of RCII = MMI, and 82

cases of RCII < MMI. The possibility of RCII being systematically less than MMI in regions of low intensity has

been noted previously (Dewey and others, 2000; 2001). As

an illustration of possible bias in regions of higher intensity, we consider the 68 zip codes for which either an MMI

of 7 or more was assigned or a rounded-off RCII of 7 or

more was assigned: there were 30 cases of RCII > MMI,

18 cases of RCII = MMI, and 20 cases of RCII < MMI. 

Maps of MMI and RCII for the Nisqually earthquake (fig.

3A and 3B) show the similarities and differences noted in

the previous paragraph. The maps are very similar overall.

However, the RCII map (fig. 3A) shows relatively more

intensity 7 observations near the epicenter and relatively

fewer intensity 5 observations in northern Oregon and

eastern Washington.

For zip codes in which one or both of the MMI and RCII

correspond to “not felt,” there is a clear tendency (table 1)

for the RCII to correspond to “felt” while the MMI corresponds to “not felt.” This is an expected consequence of

sampling bias. The procedure for obtaining macroseismic

data to calculate RCII is strongly biased towards obtaining

data from people who have felt the earthquake (see section

entitled Defining the Outermost RCII Isoseismal).

A plot of rounded-off RCII and MMI versus distance (fig.

4) shows the general similarity between the two types of

intensity. The distance ranges in which a given value of

intensity is observed are similar for RCII and MMI, as are

the median distances. In figure 4 all RCII and MMI from

the United States are plotted, including those for zip codes

from which only one type of the two types of intensity is

available. 

Comparison of RCII and MMI for the Nisqually Earthquake
8

CANADA

UNITED STATES

WASHINGTON

OREGON

IDAHO

126W 124W 122W 120W 118W 116W

50N

48N

46N

BRITISH COLUMBIA

2 - 4

5

6

7

8

100 KM

RCII

CANADA

UNITED STATES

WASHINGTON

OREGON

IDAHO

126W 124W 122W 120W 118W 116W

50N

48N

46N

BRITISH COLUMBIA

USGS MMI

2 - 4

5

6

7

8

100 KM

(a)

(b)

Figure 3. Comparison of: (A) Reviewed Community Internet Intensities (RCII) and,

(B) traditional USGS Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI) for the Nisqually earthquake. 

B

A
9

Table 1. Comparison of USGS MMI

and RCII for zip codes to which both

types of intensity were applied.

8 2 1

7 2 16 17

6 1 19 33 25

5 2 10 26 31 18 5

4 3 12 20 6 1

3 1 7 12 4 2

U

S

G

S

M

M

I

2 1 6 11 5

 NF 5 18 5 5 1

NF 2345678

RCII

RCII and Traditional MMI versus Log (Distance)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0123

Log Distance

Intensity

rcii

trad mmi

median mmi

median rcii

RCII

Median distance

RCII

MMI

Median distance

MMI

1 10 100 1000

Distance in Kilometers

NF

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Intensity

Figure 4. USGS MMI

and rounded-off RCII

as a function of

Log(epicentral distance).
10

Traditional USGS MMI values of 6 and higher generally

require reports of specific types of damage to buildings or

other human structures in the community; the only exception is that intensity 6 may be assigned solely on the basis

of many objects fallen from shelves (Stover and Coffman,

1993). Thus, in the absence of reports of many objects

fallen from shelves, assignment of a USGS MMI of 6

would require reports of minor damage such as a few broken windows, fallen plaster, or large cracks in interior

walls. Assignments of progressively higher intensities

require reports of specific types of damage that are associated with progressively higher levels of shaking. However,

assignment of USGS MMI of 6 or larger on the basis of

building damage does not necessarily require that the

damage be observed in many buildings of the community.

An assignment of USGS MMI 7 to a community, for

example, might be made on the basis of 10 percent of the

houses having experienced large cracks or bricks fallen

from unreinforced chimneys. To obtain information on the

presence of building damage, the traditional USGS postal

questionnaire asks respondents to note the occurrence of

various types of building damage in their community.

Traditional MMI of 8 and above are typically based on

additional observations besides the postal questionnaires. 

The situation with CII and RCII is different than that

described above for USGS MMI. Observations of particular types of damage are neither necessary nor sufficient

for assigning the higher values of RCII. The CII data collection procedure differs from the USGS MMI data collection procedure in that the CII Web-questionnaire only

asks for damage information about the building in which

the observer was located at the time of the earthquake. If

10 percent of the houses in a community experience

major chimney damage, there is a good chance that no

one of a small number of Web questionnaires from the

community will report “major chimney damage.” To

obtain from the CII Web-questionnaires CII and RCII that

are consistent on average with USGS MMI, the CII procedure therefore does not insist that specific types of damage be necessary or sufficient for assigning a particular

level of intensity. This is implicit in the equations used to

calculate CII (Wald and others, 1999). A rounded-off CII

or RCII of 7 may in principle be assigned to a community

without any building damage having been reported on

questionnaires submitted from the community, provided

that non-damage effects are sufficiently strong. Similarly,

RCII of 8 or higher may in principal be assigned to a

community without reports of specific types of building

damage that are necessary for assigning USGS MMI of 8

or higher having been received from that community.

The ability to incorporate traditional macroseismic data

into the assigning of RCII (see section entitled CII and

the Derivation of RCII from CII) does mean that an RCII

could be changed from the corresponding CII on the basis

of observations of damage or non-damage in buildings

that come from other sources than the CII Webquestionnaire. Our convention is that we will not make

such changes unless we find the evidence from traditional

macroseismic data to be compelling that the RCII derived

from Web-questionnaires significantly misrepresents the

level of shaking compared to the USGS MMI implied by

the traditional data. In addition, although postal questionnaire data are available for the Nisqually earthquake, such

data will not be available for future damaging earthquakes, and we therefore do not adjust Nisqually RCII’s

on the basis of postal questionnaire observations. As noted

earlier, in the case of the Nisqually earthquake we made

two changes/additions to RCII solely on the basis of traditional macroseismic data.

In the Nisqually earthquake, there were 58 communities

to which rounded-off RCII 7 was assigned. Figure 5

shows that, in a half dozen of these communities with the

largest numbers of observations, 10 percent or more of

observers did report damage that, if characteristic of the

area, would be used to justify assigning USGS MMI 7 to

the community. Such damage would be “many windows

cracked or broken out,” “masonry fell from block or brick

walls,” or “old chimney, major damage or fell down.”

There are, however, clearly communities assigned 

rounded-off RCII of 7, from which rather large numbers

of observations were submitted, that had few or no observations of types of damage that would be considered necessary to assign USGS MMI of 7. For example, there

were 39 observations submitted from zip code 98335 (Gig

Harbor, Washington, RCII=6.5) and none reported effects

that are necessary or sufficient to assign USGS MMI 7. 

There were 125 communities to which rounded-off RCII 6

was assigned. The percentages of observers reporting

effects that are necessary or sufficient to assign USGS

MMI 6, in the absence of many items fallen from shelves,

are typically in the 10-30 percent range (fig. 6). It is noteworthy that damages that are normally considered characteristic of USGS MMI 7 were also reported by some

Reports of Specific Types of Damage are not a Necessary or Sufficient Condition

for Assigning High RCII
11

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

nobs

number of damage 7 observations

no

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Total Number of Observations in Zip Code

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Number of Damage 7 Observations in Zip Code

10%

20%

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

nobs

number with damage effect

nobs x dmg7

nobs x 6

6 0

5 0

4 0

3 0

2 0

1 0

0

0 5 0 100 150 200 250 300

To tal Number of Observations in Zip Code

Number of Damage 6 or Damage 7 

Observations in Zip Code

Damage 6

Damage 7

10%

20%

Figure 5. For zip codes to which RCII 7 is assigned, the number of observers reporting

damage that is characteristic of USGS MMI 7 as a function of the total number of

observations in the zip code.

Figure 6. For zip codes to which RCII 6 is assigned, numbers of observers reporting damage that is

characteristic of USGS MMI 6 and USGS MMI 7 as functions of the total number of observations

in the zip code. Redmond, Washington, outside of the bounds of this figure with 595 observations;

had 13 percent reporting damage 6 effects and 1 percent reporting damage 7 effects.
12

observers in zip codes having RCII 6. However, even with

these damages such as are typically associated with USGS

MMI 7, the non-damage effects from these communities

were not sufficiently strong to lead to a rounded-off CII

or RCII of 7. 

With RCII, there is a potential problem in defining the

outermost isoseismal, beyond which the earthquake is

generally not felt. With the traditional USGS MMI procedure, the limits of shaking are defined largely by “not

felt” responses on postal questionnaires returned from the

most distant communities (fig. 7A). The traditional procedure obtains “not felt” observations by intentionally canvassing communities beyond the limits within which an

earthquake is likely to have been felt. “Not felt” reports

obtained by the RCII procedure, however, must come

from people who have learned about the earthquake by

some means other than being canvassed, who overcome

the natural lack of enthusiasm for contributing a null

observation, and who log into the CII Web-site to volunteer that they did not feel the earthquake. 

Consideration of the total population exposed to shaking

helps correct for the bias towards felt reports in the Webquestionnaire data—one may count a community from

which no Web-questionnaires were received as a being, in

effect, a “not felt” observation (Dewey and others, 2001).

This procedure presupposes that the community has a

large enough population that a report would have been

Defining the Outermost RCII Isoseismal

received if the earthquake had been felt in the community.

For the Nisqually earthquake, we considered nonreporting zip codes with populations exceeding 1,000 and

10,000, respectively, as possible surrogates for “not felt”

observations. Within the land areas of the United States,

the felt area implied by traditional USGS MMI data is

about 240,000 square kilometers (fig. 7A). Counting as

“not felts” those non-responding zip codes with populations exceeding 10,000, the felt area implied by RCII data

is about 300,000 square kilometers (fig. 7B). Counting as

“not felts” all non-responding zip codes having populations exceeding 1,000, the RCII data imply an outermost

isoseismal that encompasses approximately 210,000

square kilometers (fig. 7C) within the U.S. We consider

the non-responding zip codes having populations exceeding 1,000 to be a better surrogate for traditional “not felts”

than non-responding zip codes with populations exceeding

10,000. For our final map (fig. 1), however, we defined the

outermost isoseismal in part by consideration of the “not

felt” observations obtained with the traditional USGS

MMI procedure. 

Dewey and others (2000, 2001) found in study of other

earthquakes that requiring a minimum of three observations per zip code greatly reduces the number of inappropriate intensities assigned from data volunteered over the

Internet. Such a requirement, however, also results in discarding valid intensities based on one or two observations.

In the present study, we did not apply the requirement of

at least three observations per zip code. The extra stage of

review involved in producing RCII from CII (described in

the section entitled CII and the Derivation of RCII from

CII) removed many spurious observations. We checked

individual observations for zip codes to which rounded-off

RCII of 6 or 7 had been assigned on the basis of only one

or two observations. We sought redundancy of observation

by considering intensities based on one or two observaNumber of Observations as a Guide to the Reliability of RCII

tions in the context of intensities assigned to neighboring

zip codes and in the context of overall trends of attenuation with distance. 

Figure 8 shows that allowing RCII based on one and two

observations per zip code does not greatly increase the

dispersion of intensity observations plotted as a function

of distance, compared with RCII based on three or more

observations and RCII based on 10 or more observations.

Some of the dispersion of RCII in figure 8 is probably due

to azimuthal variations of attenuation from the source,

rather than to noise in the RCII measurements. For example, distant communities to the SE of the epicenter show

systematically lower RCII than communities at the same

distance to the NE of the epicenter (fig. 9).
13

(a)

Felt from postal questionnaire

Reported not felt on postal

 questionnaire

(b)

Felt from CII Web questionnaire

Reported not felt on CII Web

 questionnaire

Zip-code with no CII felt reports,

 population > 10,000

(c)

Felt from CII Web questionnaire

Reported not felt on CII Web

 questionnaire

Zip-code with no CII felt reports,

 population > 1,000

Figure 7. Defining the outermost isoseismal of the Nisqually earthquake within the U.S. (A) outermost isoseismal

contoured on USGS MMI. (B) Outermost isoseismal contoured on RCII, assigning "not felt" to zip codes that have

more than 10,000 people and from which no CII observations were received. (C) Outermost isoseismal contoured on

RCII, assigning "not felt" to zip codes that have more than 1,000 people and from which no CII observations were

received.

A

B

C
14

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0123

log del

RCII

cii nobs ge 10

cii nobs 3 to 9

cii nobs 1 or 2

1 10 100 1000

Distance in Kilometers

NF

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

RCII

1 or 2 obs.

3 to 9 obs.

10 or more obs.

RCII

(not rounded off)

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0123

Log Distance

RCII

rcii, NW

rcii, NE

rcii, SE

rcii, SW

1 10 100 1000

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

RCII

Distance in Kilometers

with respect to

epicenter

NW

NE

SE

SW

Figure 8. RCII, not rounded off, plotted as a function of Log(epicentral distance),

with symbols indicating the numbers of observations used to calculate each RCII.

Figure 9. RCII, not rounded off, plotted as a function of Log(epicentral distance), with

symbols differentiating the azimuthal quadrant in which the community is located.
15

The Washington earthquakes of April 13, 1949, and April

29, 1965, had sizes and hypocenters that were similar to

those of the Nisqually earthquake. The epicenter for the

1949 earthquake, computed in a special study by

Villasenor and others (2001), is within 10 km of their

hypocenter of the 2001 earthquake: the difference between

the two epicenters is not resolvable to a high level of confidence. The epicenter for the 1965 earthquake calculated

by Villasenor and others (2001) is about 35 km northeast

of that of the 2001 earthquake. The focal depths are within

15 km of each other (U.S. Geological Survey, 2001; Baker

and Langston, 1987; Langston and Blum, 1977). The seismic moments are nearly identical (U.S. Geological

Survey, 2001; Baker and Langston, 1987; Langston and

Blum, 1977) and imply moment magnitudes of 6.8 (1949),

6.7 (1965), and 6.8 (2001). 

Intensities assigned to the 1949 and 1965 earthquakes

were Modified Mercalli Intensities. For the purposes of

comparing intensities for the three earthquakes, we focus

for the 2001 earthquake on the traditional USGS MMI,

although most conclusions also hold from comparing the

isoseismals of the 1949 and 1965 earthquakes with the

isoseismals on the RCII for 2001.

In much of western Washington and northwestern Oregon,

intensities for the 1949 earthquake were systematically

higher than for the 2001 earthquake (fig. 10). We think

that these differences result in part from shaking in the

epicentral region having been stronger in 1949 than in

2001, due to differences in some source property such as

the source-time function or the direction of rupture propagation. For most of the towns assigned MMI 8 in 1949,

the effects reported on unreinforced masonry chimneys

and buildings (Murphy and Ulrich, 1951) were substantially more dramatic than we observed or were reported in

the same types of structures in the same towns in 2001. 

For the comparison shown in figure 10, we have attempted

to minimize the effects of changing conventions in the

assignment of MMI. Most intensities that are plotted for

1949 in figure 10 were assigned by Stover and Coffman

(1993) for the preparation of their intensity map of the

1949 earthquake. These intensities reflect recent USGS

conventions for the assigning of MMI from macroseismic

data, and they are slightly but systematically lower than

the intensities assigned by Murphy and Ulrich (1951) on

the basis of the same macroseismic data. The intensities

plotted in figure 10 also includes 39 interpretations of the

present authors, again applying recent USGS conventions

to the macroseismic data reported by Murphy and Ulrich

(1951). The reinterpretations that we made were for observations to which Murphy and Ulrich (1951) assigned MMI

8, and to which we do not know if Stover and Coffman

(1993) would have assigned MMI 7 or 8 (their map does

not distinguish intensity 8 regions within the intensity 7

isoseismal.) In all, for almost half of the communities to

which Murphy and Ulrich (1951) assigned MMI 8, 7, 6, or

5, we and Stover and Coffmann assign lower intensities.

Nonetheless, after these adjustments have been made, the

1949 intensities are still higher than the 2001 intensities in

western Washington and northwestern Oregon.

The intensities of the 1965 earthquake were generally similar to those of the 2001 earthquake (fig. 11). A summary

statement by Algermissen and Harding (1965) on the 1965

earthquake could equally well be made for the 2001 earthquake: “Although intensity VIII damage was observed in a

few areas, this earthquake is best described, in terms of

intensity, as an earthquake with maximum intensity near

the upper limit of intensity VII.” Macroseismic effects for

communities assigned intensity 7 and 8 in 1965 are summarized by von Hake and Cloud (1967) and U.S.

Department of Commerce (1967): we judge that assigning

of intensity 7 and 8 for the 1965 earthquake was completely consistent with our assigning of USGS MMI 7 and 8 to

the 2001 earthquake. Macroseismic effects of communities

assigned intensity 5 and 6 are summarized in U.S.

Department of Commerce (1967). It appears to us that criteria of recent decades for assigning intensity 5 and 6 are

somewhat more conservative than was the case in 1965.

Thus, in recent years a report that an earthquake was “felt

by all” in the community has not been considered diagnostic of intensity 5 in that community (Stover and Coffman,

1993), whereas in 1965 “felt by all” was considered diagnostic of intensity 5. Similarly, reports of “trees and bushes shaken moderately” would not today be considered

diagnostic of intensity 6 (Stover and Coffman, 1993),

whereas they seem to have been so considered in 1965.

Because of the slightly more conservative criteria for

assigning intensities of 5 and 6 in 2001 than in 1965, we

do not regard as significant the slight differences in the

distribution of intensity 5 and 6 values for the 1965 and

2001 earthquakes.

Comparison of the 2001 Nisqually Earthquake with the Puget Sound

Earthquakes of 1949 and 1965
16

USGS MMI

NF - 4

5

6

7

8

2001

1949

124W 117W

124W 117W

48N

44N

48N

44N

200 KM

Figure 10. USGS MMI from the Nisqually earthquake and the Puget Sound earthquake of April 13, 1949, for the United States and Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
17

USGS MMI

NF - 4

5

6

7

8

2001

1965

124W 117W

124W 117W

48N

44N

48N

44N

200 KM

Figure 11. USGS MMI from the Nisqually earthquake and the Puget Sound earthquake of April 29, 1965, for the United States and Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.
18

The earthquake was felt over approximately 350,000

square kilometers (approximately 135,000 square miles) of

the land area of the United States and adjacent Canada. 

The effects of the earthquake varied significantly within

individual areas between isoseismal contours. Some of this

variation is revealed by the values of intensity assigned to

individual communities between isoseismal contours (figs.

1 and 2), but within individual communities there were

finer scale variations of earthquake effects that for the

most part are not represented on the maps. Similar variations of effects have been noted for centuries in earthquake studies. Factors involved in variations of damage

within a relatively small area include differences in the

seismic resistance of human structures, differences in

focussing of seismic energy by variations in the properties

of the earth material through which the earthquake waves

travel, differences in focussing of seismic energy by the

topography of the ground surface, and differences in the

failure susceptibilities of the geologic foundations of

human structures.

For individual communities, below, both RCII and MMI

are given, if available. We give the postal zip code, as of

2001, for U.S. communities, and geographic coordinates

for a point in the zip code that will usually correspond

approximately to the centroid of the population distribution in the zip code. 

Effects summarized from postal questionnaires are those

that are important in assigning MMI of 6 and higher and

that provide additional or different perspectives on shaking

than provided by other traditional macroseismic data or by

Web-questionnaire data. With the exception of “difficulty

standing or walking during the earthquake,” effects summarized from Web-questionnaires correspond to those

questions that pertain to movement of inanimate objects or

building damage.

As we state elsewhere in the text, the RCII are not influenced by observations reported on the postal questionnaires.

First-person accounts given in the community reports were

taken from “Additional Comments” that accompanied the

macroseismic observations submitted to the CII Web-site.

The additional comments provided by respondents to the

Web-site were commonly very helpful to us in providing

context for interpreting other responses. We intend the

examples given in this section to be illustrative of how

people described their experiences and observations in

their own words. 

RCII 7.5-8.4 (or MMI 8 for communities with no RCII) 

in Washington

Seattle (Sodo and Harbor Island) (RCII=7.6,

MMI=8) (Zip Code 98134; 47.590N, 122.326W)—Many

buildings were damaged in Sodo along 1st Ave. South

from South Jackson St. to South Hanford St. Along this

stretch cracked or collapsed walls, fallen parapets and broken windows were common in old buildings (fig. 12; fig.

13). Notable damage included collapsed unreinforced

masonry walls at the Seattle Chocolates building and at

the Acme Tool and Specialty building and a collapsed

front facade at the Starbucks Headquarters building.

Description of Earthquake Effects

Figure 12. Partial collapse of URM building wall, Sodo

neighborhood of Seattle.

Figure 13.

Damage to

upper wall of

URM building,

Sodo neighborhood of

Seattle. 
19

(Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER)

and USGS field observations).

The Holgate Street Overpass over I-5 sustained shear failure of its columns (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse

Group, 2001). The Spokane Street overcross of SR-99 sustained damage to the superstructure (Pacific Earthquake

Engineering Research Center (PEER), p. 42 ff). Concrete

spalled from the bearing seat of an expansion joint, damaging the Fourth Avenue on-ramp to I-90 (Nisqually

Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001, p. 19).

“A number of structures in the Sodo area were extensively

damaged by liquefaction-induced foundation failure”

(Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001). Soil

liquefaction, as evidenced by ejection of sand, was

observed at many locations of the south of downtown

Seattle area (Bray and others, 2001). 

Thirteen hundred gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel

spilled on Harbor Island (Nisqually Earthquake

Clearinghouse Group, 2001). Soil liquefaction and fill

compaction occurred on Harbor Island, producing cracks

in pavement of Terminals 5, 18 and 30 (Bray and others,

2001). 

An internet respondent on the waterfront reported, “Many

ceiling tiles were down and a file cabinet and book shelf

had fallen over.”

Percentages of effects noted by 52 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

52%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—85%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—65%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—65%; hairline cracks in walls—40%; a few large

cracks in walls—40%; many large cracks in walls—12%;

one or several windows cracked—15%; many windows

cracked or broken out—8%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—40%; cracks in chimney—4%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—33%; outside walls tilted over

or collapsed—6%; separation of porch, balcony or other

addition from building—8%.

Olympia (RCII=7.3, MMI=7, except MMI=8 in Capitol

Hill)— See under RCII 6.5-7.4.

RCII 6.5-7.4 (or MMI 7 for communities with no RCII) 

in Washington

Boeing Field and Seattle (Georgetown) (RCII=6.7,

MMI=7) (Zip Code 98108; 47.523N, 122.300W)—The

control tower was damaged at Boeing Field (Nisqually

Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001). Extensive liquefaction occurred at Boeing Field (King County Airport)

and in the industrial area along the Duwamish River north

of the airport (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group,

2001; Bray and others, 2001).

An observer via Internet reported, “Nearly all bookcases

and some file cabinets fell and the computer on my desk

fell to the floor. Large cracks appeared in the stairwells,

and lots of fine concrete dust filled the air. Linoleum on

the first floor near stanchions was buckled and raised in

about a one-foot radius around each stanchion that I saw.”

A nearby observer in an office on East Marginal Way

noted, “When I first came out of the building there was

water pouring out from the sidewalk.”

Percentages of effects noted by 72 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

46%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—72%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—54%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—46%; hairline cracks in walls—19%; a few large

cracks in walls—21%; many large cracks in walls—7%;

one or several windows cracked—10%; many windows

cracked or broken out—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—38%; cracks in chimney—1%; major damage

to old chimney—1%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—6%; outside walls tilted over or collapsed—1%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—4%.

Bremerton (RCII=6.8, MMI=7) (98337; 47.602N,

122.630W)—Many Kitsap County schools experienced

minor damage, including cracked walls and fallen ceiling

tiles. Elevators were damaged at Harrison Hospital and

plumbing of the heating system was damaged. A grandstand at the west end of Thunderbird Stadium was damaged (press reports).

A number of homes were damaged in the area between

11th and Burwell Streets, and between Warren and Naval

Avenues. The damage typically involved cracked or fallen

chimneys. Many chimneys were damaged in West

Bremerton (press reports). “Probably 30 to 50 [Bremerton

homes] took major hits, with roofs buckling and walls collapsing” (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 3, 2001, p. A6,

col. 4).

The exterior walls of some commercial buildings were

cracked and some windows were broken. Many items fell

from shelves in food stores, and ceilings were damaged

(press reports).

The Naval Hospital at Bremerton sustained water damage

from broken sprinklers. Some cranes on piers at the Naval
20

Submarine Base at Bangor suffered minor damage and a

light pole fell (press reports).

Percentages of effects noted by 33 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

42%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—79%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—67%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—36%; a few large

cracks in walls—21%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—18%; cracks in chimney—6%; major damage to old

chimney—9%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—6%.

Bremerton (NE) (RCII=6.7, MMI=--) (98310; 47.602N,

122.630W)—Percentages of effects noted by 30 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—43%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—77%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—73%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—43%; hairline cracks in walls—27%; a

few large cracks in walls—13%; many large cracks in

walls—3%; one or several windows cracked—3%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—27%; masonry fell from

block or brick walls—3%.

Buckley/Wilkeson (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98321; 47.152N,

122.062W)—At the entrance to Wilkeson a 76-year-old

arch consisting of two 20-foot-high columns of Wilkeson

sandstone connected at the top by a large fir log was damaged by the earthquake and had to be removed (Tacoma

News Tribune, March 1, 2001). The USGS field team

found that bricks fell from a few old chimneys, but many

old chimneys and the downtown’s old unreinforced

masonry buildings were undamaged. A few items fell from

grocery shelves. Percentages of effects noted by 12 internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—42%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—58%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—17%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; a

few large cracks in walls—17%; one or several windows

cracked—17%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—

8%.

Centralia (RCII=6.6, MMI=7) (98531 46.725N,

122.967W)—A cornice was damaged on a downtown

hardware store and bricks fell from the tops of several old

unreinforced masonry buildings. An abandoned one-story

unreinforced brick building that had once housed a garage

and auto-glass shop was damaged by the earthquake and

collapsed seven days after the earthquake (fig. 14). A large

plate-glass window was broken in an automobile dealership. At Centralia College about 35 ceiling tiles and 1

lighting fixture fell. In residential areas near Centralia

College the USGS field team found approximately 10% of

old chimneys were damaged. (The Chronicle, March 1,

2001, p. A10 and engineering reports and USGS field

team). Percentages of effects noted by 38 internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—42%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

76%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

74%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became

displaced—37%; hairline cracks in walls—29%; a few

large cracks in walls—21%; many large cracks in walls—

3%; one or several windows cracked—11%; many windows cracked or broken out—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—13%; cracks in chimney—3%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—5%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—8%.

Chehalis (RCII=6.5, MMI=7) (98532; 46.638N,

122.966W)—At the Bennett Elementary School about a

quarter of the decorative plasterwork in the auditorium fell

and the rest separated from the wall; two third-floor windows fell out (The Chronicle, Centralia/Chehalis, March 2,

2001). At the Chehalis Timberland Library 1,500 to 2,000

books were shaken from shelves and some books sustained water damage from a broken pipe; the building sustained some structural damage (The Chronicle, March 2,

2001, p. A2). The basement floor of the Chehalis Post

Office buckled and stonework in the postmaster’s office

separated (The Chronicle, March 2, 2001, p. A2). Many

items fell from store shelves (press reports).

Figure 14. Unreinforced building in Centralia, damaged

in the earthquake, and partially collapsed seven days

after the earthquake.
21

In a residential district along a hillside just south of the

center of town, the USGS field team found that approximately 25% of the chimneys were damaged and a few had

completely collapsed. Brick veneer peeled off part of a

wall of a three-story apartment building in this district (fig.

15). In other parts of Chehalis, a few chimneys were damaged.

Percentages of effects noted by 25 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

60%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—84%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—68%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—36%; hairline cracks in walls—28%; a few large

cracks in walls—16%; many large cracks in walls—4%;

one or several windows cracked—8%; many windows

cracked or broken out—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—16%; cracks in chimney—8%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—4%.

Cinebar (RCII=6.8, MMI=5) (98533; 46.567N,

122.566W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few old

chimneys cracked; a few windows cracked. Percentages of

effects noted by two internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—100%; pictures on walls

moved or were knocked askew—100%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—100%;

hairline cracks in walls—100%; a few large cracks in

walls—50%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—50%.

Copalis Beach (RCII=7.3, MMI=6) (98535;

47.065N, 124.136W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a

few old chimneys cracked or lost bricks; a few windows

cracked.

Effects noted by one internet respondent: pictures on walls

moved or were knocked askew; hairline cracks in walls;

many large cracks in walls; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell; separation of porch, balcony or other addition

from building.

DuPont (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98327; 47.097N,

122.630W)—Books fell off shelves and artwork fell

(Tacoma News Tribune, March 1, 2001). The USGS field

team observed isolated chimney damage including a couple of old chimneys that lost a few bricks. Percentages of

effects noted by 29 internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—34%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—76%; pictures on walls

moved or were knocked askew—59%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—34%; hairline cracks in walls—45%; a few large cracks in walls—

7%; many large cracks in walls—3%; many windows

cracked or broken out—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—21%; major damage to modern chimney—3%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—3%; separation of

porch, balcony or other addition from building—7%.

Elma (RCII=6.7, MMI=6) (98541; 47.006N,

123.400W)—The USGS field team noted isolated chimney damage and visited a grocery store where only a few

things fell. Percentages of effects noted by 11 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—45%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—73%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—64%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—45%; hairline cracks in walls—36%; a

few large cracks in walls—18%; one or several windows

cracked—9%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—18%.

Fox Island (RCII=6.8, MMI=--) (98333; 47.252N,

122.629W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

Figure 15. Brick veneer was peeled from the upper wall

(near street) of this apartment building in Chehalis.
22

50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

50%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became

displaced—50%; hairline cracks in walls—50%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—50%.

Gig Harbor (RCII=6.5, MMI=5) (98329; 47.379N,

122.700W)—In some stores many items fell from shelves,

and furniture overturned (Tacoma News Tribune, March 1,

2001).

Percentages of effects noted by 10 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—80%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—70%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—30%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; cracks in

chimney—10%.

Gig Harbor (N) (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98332; 47.361N,

122.600W)—Percentages of effects noted by 13 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—46%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—62%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—62%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—38%; hairline cracks in walls—38%; a

few large cracks in walls—8%; ceiling tiles or lighting 

fixtures fell—8%.

Gig Harbor (S) (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98335; 47.300N,

122.608W)—Percentages of effects noted by 39 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—69%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—74%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—79%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—28%; hairline cracks in walls—21%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—5%; cracks in chimney—3%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition

from building—5%.

Glenoma (RCII=—, MMI=7) (98336; 46.528N,

122.099W)—Postal questionnaires reported: several old

chimneys lost bricks and a few twisted, leaned or fell;

many small objects overturned and fell and knickknacks

broke; large furniture and heavy appliances were displaced; many items were shaken off store shelves.

Graham (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98338; 47.025N,

122.294W)—Percentages of effects noted by 24 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—46%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—88%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—79%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—42%; hairline cracks in walls—4%.

Issaquah (RCII=6.8, MMI=6) (98027; 47.551N,

122.034W)—An internet respondent said, “I experienced

violent shaking and jerking. Computer monitors and large

heavy bookshelves fell over. Water pipes burst. Glass in

the entry shattered.”

Percentages of effects noted by 61 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

54%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—79%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—67%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—49%; hairline cracks in walls—28%; a few large

cracks in walls—13%; many large cracks in walls—3%;

one or several windows cracked—7%; many windows

cracked or broken out—2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—26%.

Kent (Midway) (RCII=6.7, MMI=7) (98032; 47.378N,

122.285W)—Percentages of effects noted by 54 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—63%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—81%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—61%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—39%; hairline cracks in walls—30%; 

a few large cracks in walls—13%; many large cracks in

walls—4%; one or several windows cracked—6%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—28%; cracks in chimney—

2%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—4%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—

4%.

Lacey (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98503; 47.024N, 122.783W)

—A woman had just brought her 2-year-old son into her

mother’s kitchen in Lacey when the shaking started. “Stuff

all around us was crashing. Dishes were falling off the

open shelves, water was splashing out of the pot of potatoes on the stove and one potato piece actually flew out of

the pot. A flying cup hit me on the wrist. Three 19-inch

TVs fell in three different rooms, ceramic figurines were

broken in the cabinets, cupboards and drawers were

opened and some dishes were broken throughout the

house. The dog’s water dish (on the basement floor) completely emptied. A concrete 2-foot statue outside tipped

over. My 3 1/2-year-old was still in the car in his car seat.

He later told me that he thought ‘Grandma’s dog shake

car.’ He was not scared.”

Percentages of effects noted by 67 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

45%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—79%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—75%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—36%; hairline cracks in walls—28%; a few large
23

cracks in walls—9%; many large cracks in walls—3%;

one or several windows cracked—6%; many windows

cracked or broken out—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—25%; cracks in chimney—6%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—1%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—3%.

Lacey (SE)/Nisqually (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98513;

47.081N, 122.713W)—Many items fell in the garage of a

house in Nisqually, and the house’s chimney was cracked

(Tacoma News Tribune, March 2, 2001). The USGS field

team visited a store in Nisqually where several bottles fell

from shelves and items also fell from shelves in a nearby

home. Seiching occurred in the long, narrow tanks of a

fish hatchery near Nisqually and water sloshed over its

edges. Engineering investigations found “surprisingly limited evidence of liquefaction or lateral spreading” in areas

of the Nisqually delta where susceptible soils exist

(Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001, p. 8).

Percentages of effects noted by 20 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

75%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—85%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—80%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—30%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; a few large

cracks in walls—10%; one or several windows cracked—

10%; many windows cracked or broken out—5%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—5%.

Lakebay (RCII=7.2, MMI=6) (98349; 47.282N,

122.760W)—Near Lakebay a chimney and fireplace fell

off a single-family 1930s-era home (Tacoma News

Tribune, March 4, 2001). Percentages of effects noted by

eight internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking

during the earthquake—38%; objects toppled over or fell

off shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—100%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—62%; hairline cracks in

walls—75%; a few large cracks in walls—12%.

Lakewood Center (W) (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98498;

47.164N, 122.555W—Percentages of effects noted by 44

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—57%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—75%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—80%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—41%; hairline cracks in walls—39%; a

few large cracks in walls—20%; many large cracks in

walls—2%; one or several windows cracked—7%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—9%; cracks in chimney—

5%; major damage to old chimney—2%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—2%; outside walls tilted over

or collapsed—2%.

Medina (RCII=7.0, MMI=--) (98039; 47.621N,

122.226W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—50%; hairline cracks in walls—50%;

cracks in chimney—50%.

Mineral (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98355; 46.710N,

122.186W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—25%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—50%; one or several windows

cracked—25%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—25%;

cracks in chimney—25%.

Nisqually (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98513; 47.081N,

122.713W)—See Lacey (SE)/Nisqually.

Oakville (RCII=7.1, MMI=6) (98568; 46.843N,

123.249W)—A manufactured home was shaken off its

foundations (Lewis County Chronicle, March 6, 2001) and

many things fell off grocery shelves.

Percentages of effects noted by five internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

60%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—100%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—100%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—60%; hairline cracks in walls—60%; a few large

cracks in walls—20%; one or several windows cracked—

20%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—20%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—

20%.

Olympia (RCII=7.3, MMI=7, except MMI=8 in Capitol

Hill) (98501; 47.003N, 122.878W)—The Capitol

Legislative Building was damaged and the legislators

forced to move out. There was cracking in some of the

ribs of the dome, and “severe cracking of the nonstructural

sandstone pilaster from one of the exterior masonry buttresses supporting the dome....Significant differential

movement occurred between the drum [cylindrical wall

below the dome] and the lower masonry portion of the

building...As a result of the movement of the drum and

the dome, horizontal cracking of the architectural plaster

occurred at the base of each [of the] interior masonry buttresses” (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center
24

(PEER), p. 8-11; see our fig. 16). Inside the building one

chandelier outside the Senate was found hanging from its

safety chain and both House and Senate chambers were

littered with plaster from the ceilings (Seattle Times

(Web), March 5, 2001). A photograph shows a fourth-floor

office knee-deep in folders and papers (Seattle PostIntelligencer (Web), March 1, 2001).

At the Temple of Justice, plaster fell in the Supreme Court

Chambers (press reports) and vertical cracks in plaster

appeared in room corners (PEER, p. 53). In the Main

Library in the Temple of Justice freestanding bookshelves

leaned sideways and broke, but only a few books fell; in

the Law Library in the same building massive wooden

bookshelves along the walls were undamaged, but many

books were thrown to the floor (PEER, p. 57-59). At the

reinforced concrete General Administration Building

“diagonal shear cracking occurred in the central walls

between the first and second floor. This cracking could

also be observed on the inside faces of these walls.

Similar diagonal cracking was also observed in the corner

walls of the building” (PEER, p. 34). At the state headquarters building of the Washington Department of Fish

and Wildlife a glass panel cracked in the building rotunda.

Contents on the fifth and sixth floors were tossed around.

A couple of water pipes were broken (press reports). The

two-story, brick Employment Security Annex on Capitol

Way was damaged beyond repair (AP, March 8, 2001).

Contents of some buildings were strongly disturbed with

computers and monitors off desks; in other buildings, contents were not much affected. The Department of

Transportation building had cracked windows.

An internet respondent from the Natural Resources

Building on the Capitol campus said, “Filing cabinets flew

open; items on shelves shuddered off and plummeted, littering the ground with broken glass and debris. The large

plate windows bowed and were very noisy but did not

shatter.”

In the residential neighborhood adjacent to the Capitol,

the USGS field team found many damaged chimneys and

some that had fallen (fig. 17). In some blocks approximately 25% of houses experienced chimney damage.

Lincoln Elementary School sustained in-plane cracking of

masonry walls (PEER, p. 20-21); its damaged east facade

caused the closure of the school for repairs; inside the

Figure 16. Damaged pilaster on State Capitol building,

Olympia.

Figure 17.

Toppled

chimney,

Capitol Hill

neighborhood of

Olympia.
25

school books flew off shelves and drawers flew open; children on the playground watched a water tower swinging

back and forth (The Olympian, March 4, 2001, p. C1).

In downtown Olympia, an eight-story hotel on Capitol

Way was damaged by differential settling of the west side

of the building with respect to the east side; the structure

also experienced minor spalling and cracking of reinforced

concrete columns in the underlying parking structure, a

broken water pipe on the roof that flooded several floors

of the building and much overturned furniture in the upper

three stories (PEER, p. 11-14, 59-60). In other downtown

buildings masonry walls cracked or partially collapsed,

plaster fell, lighting fixtures jarred loose and many books

and other items fell from shelves (fig. 18).

The heavily damaged Fourth Avenue Bridge, which spans

a small inlet, was already decaying and scheduled for

replacement; its arched main spans were undamaged

except for the collapse of the unreinforced, decayed

pedestrian handrails, but there was severe damage at the

bases of the flares at the tops of the columns supporting

the approach on the western side (PEER, p. 46-49;

Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001, p. 17).

Lateral spreading and a 400-foot-long slide occurred along

the banks of Capitol Lake (PEER, p. 49; Nisqually

Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001, p. 8-9; Bray and

others, 2001), and liquefaction (sand boils) occurred along

rail tracks north of Deschutes Parkway (Bray, and others,

2001).

At the Port of Olympia, liquefaction caused minor cracking of roads and of the banks of a marina (Bray and others, 2001). There was little evidence of liquefaction or lateral spreading in areas where liquefiable soils are known

to exist in the Port of Olympia (Nisqually Earthquake

Clearinghouse Group, 2001, p. 8).

Percentages of effects noted by 162 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

56%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—91%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—80%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—65%; hairline cracks in walls—43%; a few large

cracks in walls—22%; many large cracks in walls—15%;

one or several windows cracked—10%; many windows

cracked or broken out—6%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—35%; cracks in chimney—3%; major damage

to old chimney—4%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—7%; outside walls tilted over or collapsed—1%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—1%.

Olympia (Evergreen St Col) (RCII=7.4, MMI=--)

(98505; 47.072N, 122.962W)—Percentages of effects

noted by 15 internet respondents: difficulty standing or

walking during the earthquake—60%; objects toppled

over or fell off shelves—73%; pictures on walls moved or

were knocked askew—47%; furniture or appliances slid,

toppled over, or became displaced—53%; hairline cracks

in walls—27%; a few large cracks in walls—33%; one or

several windows cracked—20%; many windows cracked

or broken out—7%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—

33%.

Olympia (N) (RCII=6.6, MMI=--) (98506; 47.076N,

122.833W)—Percentages of effects noted by 44 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—39%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—82%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—77%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—32%; hairline cracks in walls—41%; a

few large cracks in walls—11%; many large cracks in

Figure 18. Bricks fallen from an unreinforced masonry

parapet litter a sidewalk in downtown Olympia. In the

Puget Sound earthquakes of 1949 and 1965, debris

falling from buildings killed people on sidewalks below.

Fortunately, this did not happen with the Nisqually

earthquake.
26

walls—2%; one or several windows cracked—2%; many

windows cracked or broken out—2%; ceiling tiles or

lighting fixtures fell—16%; cracks in chimney—2%; outside walls tilted over or collapsed—5%.

Olympia (W) (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98502; 47.030N,

122.952W)—A flow slide removed part of Highway 101,

closing both northbound lanes (Nisqually Earthquake

Clearinghouse Group, 2001, p. 9).

The USGS field team visited a supermarket that experienced moderate disturbance of stock. Items fell particularly from the west side of aisles; wine bottles were stored

on the east side of an aisle, and hardly any fell. A few

light fixtures were displaced, but were prevented from

falling by restraints. Some ceiling tiles fell.

Percentages of effects noted by 56 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

43%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—82%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—71%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—36%; hairline cracks in walls—32%; a few large

cracks in walls—9%; many large cracks in walls—2%;

one or several windows cracked—5%; ceiling tiles or

lighting fixtures fell—5%; masonry fell from block or

brick walls—5%; outside walls tilted over or collapsed—

4%.

Orting (RCII=7.2, MMI=6) (98360; 47.082N,

122.186W)—A homeowner reported cracks in foundation

and walls, and many fallen and damaged knickknacks and

china (Tacoma News Tribune, March 3, 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by nine internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

56%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—89%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—67%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—56%; hairline cracks in walls—56%; a few large

cracks in walls—11%; one or several windows cracked—

22%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—33%.

Pacific (RCII=6.6, MMI=5) (98047; 47.267N,

122.243W)—Percentages of effects noted by six internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—67%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—83%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—67%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over,

or became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—

33%.

Pe Ell (RCII=--, MMI=7) (98572; 46.566N, 123.285W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: interior walls sustained

many large cracks and split at seams; exterior walls sustained large cracks, bulged and partially collapsed; a few

old chimneys twisted or leaned and a few modern chimneys lost bricks; a few windows cracked; large furniture

and heavy appliances were displaced.

Port Orchard (S) (RCII=6.5, MMI=--) (98367; 47.496N,

122.609W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—64%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—79%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—86%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—21%; hairline cracks in walls—36%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—7%.

Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (RCII=7.2, MMI=--)

(98314; 47.561N, 122.647W)—Percentages of effects

noted by seven internet respondents: difficulty standing or

walking during the earthquake—57%; objects toppled over

or fell off shelves—86%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—71%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—43%; hairline cracks in

walls—43%; a few large cracks in walls—43%; one or

several windows cracked—14%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—29%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—29%.

Puyallup (NE) (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98372; 47.191N,

122.289W)—The USGS field team found slight damage to

walls of some unreinforced masonry buildings and a few

fallen chimneys. A large supermarket experienced mild

disturbance of stock, with some items off shelves in nearly

every aisle; typical shelves in the store had raised edges

that probably kept some items from sliding off.

Percentages of effects noted by 23 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

48%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—78%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—74%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—26%; hairline cracks in walls—30%; a few large

cracks in walls—9%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—4%; cracks in chimney—9%; separation of porch,

balcony or other addition from building—9%.

Puyallup (NW) (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98371; 47.199N,

122.315W)—An observer commented, “It wasn’t the shaking or noise that woke me up but rather the pictures that

were falling on my head from the wall.”

Percentages of effects noted by 26 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—58%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—69%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became dis-
27

placed—50%; hairline cracks in walls—38%; a few large

cracks in walls—23%; one or several windows cracked—

8%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—31%; cracks in

chimney—12%; major damage to old chimney—4%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—15%.

Puyallup (S) (RCII=7.0, MMI=--) (98375; 47.119N,

122.292W)—Percentages of effects noted by eight internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—62%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—50%; hairline cracks in walls—75%; a

few large cracks in walls—25%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—38%; cracks in chimney—12%; masonry

fell from block or brick walls—12%.

Puyallup (SE) (RCII=6.5, MMI=--) (98374; 47.142N,

122.265W)—Percentages of effects noted by 24 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—88%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—83%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—25%; hairline cracks in walls—29%; a

few large cracks in walls—4%; one or several windows

cracked—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—12%;

cracks in chimney—4%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—4%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition

from building—4%.

Ravensdale (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98051; 47.415N,

121.988W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few mobile

homes fell off their foundations; interior walls sustained a

few large cracks; a few windows cracked; many small

objects overturned and fell; heavy appliances were displaced by inches; paved sidewalks and streets sustained

large cracks and large displacements; an old highway

bridge sustained structural damage; ground slumps

appeared on hillsides.

Percentages of effects noted by four internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

25%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—50%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—75%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—50%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; one or several windows cracked—25%.

Renton (SW) (RCII=7.0, MMI=7) (98055; 47.465N,

122.207W)—Buildings on the Boeing campus sustained

water damage and damage to ceilings and windows

(Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001).

Several Boeing buildings were red-tagged. Nonstructural

damage included filing cabinets that fell over, computers

and monitors that were shaken from desks, a fallen ceiling

light and some broken water pipes.

An internet respondent reported, “People were diving

under desks, the lights went out, plaster and tiles were

falling from the walls and ceiling and windows were

breaking. I decided to head down the stairs. About a third

way down another large wave hit and people fell and were

thrown aside. I could see big cracks going up the walls of

the stairwell and what looked like the top of the stairs

starting to separate from the second floor. A quick visual

of the outside of the building showed many broken windows.”

Percentages of effects noted by 105 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—74%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—65%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—46%; hairline cracks in walls—40%; a few large

cracks in walls—37%; many large cracks in walls—10%;

one or several windows cracked—13%; many windows

cracked or broken out—11%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—46%; major damage to old chimney—1%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—10%; separation

of porch, balcony or other addition from building—5%.

Rochester (RCII=6.9, MMI=6) (98579; 46.819N,

123.041W)—Percentages of effects noted by 10 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—70%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—90%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over,

or became displaced—70%; hairline cracks in walls—

50%; a few large cracks in walls—10%; one or several

windows cracked—10%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—20%; cracks in chimney—10%; separation of porch,

balcony or other addition from building—10%.

Seabeck (RCII=6.7, MMI=7) (98380; 47.625N,

122.823W)—Press reports indicated some chimney damage and six damaged homes.

Percentages of effects noted by eight internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

62%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—62%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—62%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—50%; hairline cracks in walls—38%; separation

of porch, balcony or other addition from building—12%.

SeaTac (RCII=7.0, MMI=7) (98158; 47.454N,

122.304W)—The airport suffered extensive nonstructural

damage. The North Satellite Terminal was closed for a
28

day as a result of water damage. Terminal C had damage

to ceiling tiles and light fixtures. Pounding between the

wings and the main terminal building also caused internal

damage (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group,

2001, p. 14). The steel framework supporting the windows

and roof of the SeaTac control tower failed resulting in an

estimated $2 million damage (Nisqually Earthquake

Clearinghouse Group, 2001, p. 13).

A worker on the ramp at Seattle-Tacoma International

Airport said, “I was stationary in a minivan when I noticed

a rolling motion. I initially thought someone was jumping

on the tow hitch. I realized it was a quake when I saw the

twin turboprop aircraft directly in front of me bouncing

from side to side. I could feel and see the ground welling

up and down underneath my feet. The poles for the flood

lights above the passenger terminal were swaying back

and forth rapidly. The air traffic control tower 200 feet to

my right was swaying back and forth, as well. Just then,

the windows of the control tower blew out and shattered. I

saw the aircraft in the air abort their approach and enter

into a holding pattern.”

Percentages of effects noted by two internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—50%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—50%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—50%.

Seattle (Downtown) (RCII=6.5, MMI=7) (98101;

47.610N, 122.334W)—Interior walls of the third floor of

the King County Court House in downtown Seattle sustained large cracks and sections of masonry interior walls

collapsed; windows were shattered and ceiling tiles fell

(press reports). An estimated several hundred thousand

dollars worth of glass sculptures were destroyed at the

Washington State Convention and Trade Center. Many

books fell from the shelves of the Seattle Central Public

Library (Seattle Post Intelligencer, March 3, 2001). In a

large mall near 5th and Union the USGS field team found

that up to 10% of merchandise fell in some stores, but

nothing fell in other stores; soup sloshed out of a tureen;

false ceilings and decorations hung from the ceiling by

pipes swung, in one instance breaking sprinkler heads; and

a few hairline cracks appeared. Settlement was observed at

the Washington State Ferry Terminal (Nisqually

Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001).

An internet respondent on the 17th floor of a Pike Street

office building said, “Shelves fell along with all their contents. Decorative parts of the ceiling came down in the

lobby. There were cracks in the stairwells as we evacuated

the building.” Another internet respondent on the third

floor of a five-story office building reported, “Equipment

racks fell over. A fire extinguisher and its bracket popped

completely off the wall. A monitor fell off a top rack.

Ceiling tiles fell. Small chunks of concrete were visible all

around the inside perimeter of the building.”

Percentages of effects noted by 272 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

36%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—69%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—60%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—34%; hairline cracks in walls—28%; a few large

cracks in walls—18%; many large cracks in walls—6%;

one or several windows cracked—5%; many windows

cracked or broken out—7%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—26%; cracks in chimney—1%; major damage

to old chimney—1%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—8%; outside walls tilted over or collapsed—1%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—1%.

Seattle (Madrona) (RCII=6.6, MMI=7) (98122; 47.608N,

122.318W)—At Swedish Providence Medical Center’s

modern building at E Jefferson St. and 16th Ave. the

USGS field team found that small cracks appeared in a

concrete wall and very little fell; next door in the center’s

old building (about 1910) plaster fell, an elevator was

damaged and the building was at least partially closed. A

doctor reported, “I was in the original (1910) part of

Providence Hospital on the 6th floor. We experienced a

violent initial P wave that caused my head to snap up and

hit the occulus of my microscope. Plaster and the underlying concrete began to form large cracks and exploded into

the room causing a dust cloud. I decided to run to the

newer (about 1990) part of the hospital. At the juncture

between the buildings (a hallway), the buildings were separating in a north-to-south direction by up to 18 inches,

opening and closing like a mouth. I jumped across the

space and waited while the motion stopped. I later

checked moved objects in our area. The greatest damage

was caused by a fallen bookcase that pulled the metal

earthquake-restraining straps out of the wall.”

Many houses experienced chimney damage in the blocks

near Lake Washington.

Percentages of effects noted by 107 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

37%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—77%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—58%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—28%; hairline cracks in walls—34%; a few large
29

cracks in walls—16%; many large cracks in walls—3%;

one or several windows cracked—9%; many windows

cracked or broken out—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—14%; cracks in chimney—2%; major damage

to old chimney—2%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—10%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—1%.

Seattle (Pioneer Square) (RCII=6.8, MMI=8) (98104;

47.604N, 122.326W)—Many of the red-tagged buildings

in Seattle were in the Pioneer Square area. On the corner

of Second Ave. and Jackson St., part of the unreinforced

masonry upper wall of an old hotel collapsed into the

street, shredding the awning of a nightclub and cafe and

smashing cars parked on the street beside the building. At

a century-old building next to the Alaskan Way viaduct, a

wall separated from the building and large cracks

appeared; a staircase sank and plaster fell onto the floors.

Many other buildings in the area had dislodged cornices

and fallen bricks. Groceries fell into the aisles. Several art

galleries experienced extensive losses to collections of art

glass. Interviews by the USGS field team with store owners in Pioneer Square revealed that some stores with much

easily tipped merchandise had only a few fallen items and

some fallen plaster, while other buildings reported broken

merchandise losses of thousands of dollars, broken windows and other damage.

An internet respondent in a hospital on 9th Ave. reported,

“Two different buildings are connected and were swaying

at different speeds, swinging about 1 foot apart.” Another

observer on the 16th floor of a highrise on Madison

reported, “No structural damage in building but lots of

cosmetic damage. Bookshelves down, huge file cabinets

tipped over with fronts ripped off. Two people slightly

hurt.”

Percentages of effects noted by 232 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

45%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—76%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—57%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—41%; hairline cracks in walls—34%; a few large

cracks in walls—21%; many large cracks in walls—9%;

one or several windows cracked—9%; many windows

cracked or broken out—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—29%; cracks in chimney—1%; major damage

to old chimney—1%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—19%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—3%.

Seattle (Queen Anne E) (RCII=6.5, MMI=7) (98109;

47.621N, 122.351W)—Engineers reported that a pier adjacent to the Navy Reserve Center on Lake Union moved

several inches (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse

Group, 2001; Bray and others, 2001). The USGS field

team saw many damaged chimneys in this neighborhood.

Residents reported that pictures and small objects fell, a

washing machine was displaced and a bookcase tipped

over. One grocery reported many things fell, requiring the

store to be closed for an hour to clean up; another reported

about $1,000 loss including 100-150 liquor bottles.

An internet respondent on Westlake Ave N reported,

“Books were tossed from bookshelves, filing cabinets toppled, computer monitors fell from desks and large cracks

appeared in the stairwell.”

Percentages of effects noted by 89 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

36%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—81%;

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—55%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—34%; hairline cracks in walls—29%; a few large

cracks in walls—19%; many large cracks in walls—7%;

one or several windows cracked—1%; many windows

cracked or broken out—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—26%; major damage to old chimney—1%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—7%; separation of

porch, balcony or other addition from building—2%.

Seattle (West Seattle) (RCII=6.9, MMI=7) (98116;

47.575N, 122.393W)—The USGS field team observed

many damaged and fallen chimneys in West Seattle; in

some blocks nearly all chimneys were damaged. In one

grocery store fallen items piled up about a foot deep in

some aisles; all the liquor bottles shifted toward the back

of the shelves; a refrigerator for flowers fell over and

smashed a computer printer; losses were about $1,500; a

1965-earthquake crack that ran all the way across the concrete slab floor reopened; molding covering a 1965 wallceiling separation fell when the space opened wider.

Percentages of effects noted by 30 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

47%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—87%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—83%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—53%; hairline cracks in walls—47%; a few large

cracks in walls—20%; many windows cracked or broken

out—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—10%;

cracks in chimney—20%; major damage to old chimney—

7%; major damage to modern chimney—3%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—10%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—3%.
30

Seattle (Youngstown) (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98126;

47.544N, 122.373W)—Percentages of effects noted by 17

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—59%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—76%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—65%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—35%; hairline cracks in walls—29%; a

few large cracks in walls—12%; many windows cracked

or broken out—6%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—

12%.

Shelton (RCII=6.7, MMI=7 (98584; 47.209N,

123.073W)—The USGS field team found sporadic chimney damage throughout the city, with some blocks at the

north end of town having many damaged chimneys.

Parapets fell on both sides of the old unreinforced masonry Parkview Manor. Objects fell from grocery shelves

(several dozen in one aisle). 

Percentages of effects noted by 30 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

77%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—77%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—80%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—30%; a few large

cracks in walls—17%; many large cracks in walls—3%;

one or several windows cracked—7%; many windows

cracked or broken out—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—10%; cracks in chimney—10%; major damage

to old chimney—3%; separation of porch, balcony or

other addition from building—3%.

Snoqualmie (RCII=6.7, MMI=7) (98065; 47.529N,

121.823W)—The Snoqualmie–Fall City road was closed

due to downslope movement of part of the roadbed (press

reports).

Percentages of effects noted by 23 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

57%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—74%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—78%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—48%; hairline cracks in walls—52%; a few large

cracks in walls—57%; many large cracks in walls—4%;

one or several windows cracked—13%; many windows

cracked or broken out—9%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—57%; cracks in chimney—13%; major damage

to old chimney—9%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—9%.

Spanaway (RCII=6.9, MMI=5) (98387; 47.073N,

122.394W)—Percentages of effects noted by 23 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—48%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—78%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—74%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—43%; hairline cracks in walls—48%; a

few large cracks in walls—4%; many large cracks in

walls—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—9%;

cracks in chimney—4%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—9%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition

from building—4%.

Steilacoom (RCII=6.7, MMI=6) (98388; 47.170N,

122.589W)—“Damage to a ward of the Western States

State Hospital forced relocation of 239 patients to another

location” (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group,

2001). The USGS field team found that a few things fell

off shelves in one store and goods valued at $200 - $300

were broken in another store.

Percentages of effects noted by six internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—50%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—33%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—67%; a few large

cracks in walls—17%; one or several windows cracked—

17%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—17%.

Tacoma (University Place) (RCII=7.1, MMI=—) (98467;

47.205N, 122.534W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—43%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—71%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—43%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—57%; hairline cracks in walls—14%; a

few large cracks in walls—21%; one or several windows

cracked—7%; many windows cracked or broken out—7%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—29%; cracks in chimney—7%; major damage to modern chimney—7%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—7%.

Tahuya (RCII=6.6, MMI=6) (98588; 47.436N,

122.921W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—75%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—25%; one or several windows

cracked—25%.

Tenino (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98589; 46.864N,

122.849W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few old

chimneys twisted, leaned or lost bricks; a few windows

cracked.
31

Percentages of effects noted by four internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—100%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—100%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—50%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; many large

cracks in walls—25%.

Tumwater (W) (RCII=6.6, MMI=7) (98512;

47.008N, 122.908W)—“Lateral spreading at the Sunset

Lake mobile home park removed a portion of roadway

and damaged utilities and trailer foundation slabs”

(Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001, p. 8).

The USGS field team observed about 5% of chimneys

damaged and saw one overturned tombstone. The old,

abandoned Brew House sustained shear cracks by a tower

window.

Percentages of effects noted by 34 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

38%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—65%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—65%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—38%; hairline cracks in walls—15%; a few large

cracks in walls—9%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—21%; cracks in chimney—3%; separation of porch,

balcony or other addition from building—6%.

Union (RCII=7.2, MMI=7) (98592; 47.351N,

123.034W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few mobile

homes fell off their foundations; exterior and interior

walls sustained a few large cracks; several old chimneys

twisted, leaned or lost bricks and a few fell; a few windows cracked.

Effects noted by one internet respondent: difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake; objects toppled

over or fell off shelves; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over,

or became displaced.

Vashon (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98070; 47.426N,

122.464W)—Percentages of effects noted by 26 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—65%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—73%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—77%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—31%; hairline cracks in walls—31%;

a few large cracks in walls—4%; one or several windows

cracked—8%; cracks in chimney—4%; separation of

porch, balcony or other addition from building—4%.

Vaughn (RCII=6.7, MMI=7) (98394; 47.331N,

122.774W)—A fireplace collapsed in a home (Tacoma

News Tribune, March 1, 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by two internet respondents:

objects toppled over or fell off shelves—100%; pictures

on walls moved or were knocked askew—100%; furniture

or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—

50%; hairline cracks in walls—50%.

Wilkeson (RCII=6.5, MMI=6) (98321; 47.152N,

122.062W)—See Buckley/Wilkeson.

Winlock (RCII=6.6, MMI=5) (98596; 46.494N,

122.916W)—Percentages of effects noted by seven internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—86%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—86%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—86%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—43%; hairline cracks in walls—43%; a

few large cracks in walls—29%.

RCII 5.5-6.4 (or MMI 6 for communities with no RCII) 

in British Columbia

Coombs (RCII=—, MMI=6) (49.300N, 124.420W)—

Cracks were reported in interior walls.

RCII 5.5-6.4 (or MMI 6 for communities with no RCII) 

in Oregon

Clatskanie (RCII=5.7, MMI=6) (Zip Code

97016; 46.100N, 123.212W)—Roof beams shifted in the

old gymnasium of Clatskanie Elementary School (press

reports). The USGS field team observed isolated chimney

damage. Light disturbance to stock was reported in a convenience store.

Percentages of effects noted by three internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

67%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—33%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—100%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—33%; a few large cracks in walls—33%.

RCII 5.5-6.4 (or MMI 6 for communities with no RCII)

in Washington

Adna (RCII=—, MMI=6) (Zip Code 98522; 46.629N,

123.060W)—The metal support systems for ceiling tiles at

the Adna Middle-High School were damaged and some

tiles fell in several rooms (The Chronicle, Lewis County,

March 2, 2001).
32

Algona (RCII=5.9, MMI--) (98001; 47.316N,

122.270W)—Percentages of effects noted by 28 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—43%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—64%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—61%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in walls—21%; a

few large cracks in walls—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—4%.

Allyn (RCII=6.2, MMI=7) (98524; 47.385N,

122.854W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%.

Anderson Island (RCII=6.2, MMI=6) (98303; 47.159N,

122.696W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%; hairline cracks in walls—50%.

Ashford (RCII=6.4, MMI=6) (98304; 46.753N,

121.990W)—The USGS field team visited a fire station

whose unreinforced concrete-block walls sustained cracks

through the blocks. Most of the cracks were only a few

millimeters in width and occurred around wall openings

for windows and heat vents. The largest crack, between the

tall garage-bay doors, was wide enough to admit daylight.

Splinters of wood from the ceiling littered the floor. The

station was yellow-tagged and in use. The foundation was

cracked at an adjacent house, and a nearby convenience

store had many items fall off shelves requiring several

hours to clean up. There was isolated chimney damage in

the area.

Percentages of effects noted by six internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—83%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—50%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—17%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—17%.

Auburn (RCII=6.2, MMI=6) (98002; 47.305N,

122.207W)—The USGS field team observed slight damage to several old unreinforced masonry buildings. Bricks

fell off the front facade of an old building beside the railroad tracks. There was mild disturbance to stock of a

supermarket in the area.

Percentages of effects noted by 27 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

48%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—67%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—48%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—37%; a few large

cracks in walls—15%; one or several windows cracked—

4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—7%; cracks in

chimney—4%.

Auburn (NE) (RCII=5.5, MMI=--) (98092; 47.324N,

122.185W)—Percentages of effects noted by 31 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—35%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—58%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—65%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—13%; hairline cracks in walls—6%; a

few large cracks in walls—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—6%.

Bainbridge Island/Winslow (RCII=5.9, MMI=6) (98110;

47.645N, 122.531W)—Some chimneys were damaged

and five homes had some type of damage (press reports).

Percentages of effects noted by 35 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

26%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—71%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—54%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—23%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; a few large

cracks in walls—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—6%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition

from building—3%.

Belfair (RCII=6.2, MMI=6) (98528; 47.455N,

122.822W)—Percentages of effects noted by 11 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—36%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—73%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—82%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in walls—45%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—9%.

Bellevue (Bellevue Sq) (RCII=5.5, MMI=--) (98004;

47.620N, 122.207W)—Percentages of effects noted by

163 internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking

during the earthquake—28%; objects toppled over or fell

off shelves—44%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—55%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—20%; hairline cracks in

walls—15%; a few large cracks in walls—6%; one or several windows cracked—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fix-
33

tures fell—8%; cracks in chimney—1%; separation of

porch, balcony or other addition from building—1%.

Bellevue (Clyde Hill) (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98009;

47.603N, 122.155W)—Postal questionnaires reported:

interior walls split at seams; a few windows cracked; large

furniture was displaced.

Bellevue (Evergreen Vill.) (RCII=5.6, MMI=--) (98007;

47.617N, 122.143W)—Percentages of effects noted by 67

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—39%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—55%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—54%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in walls—16%;

a few large cracks in walls—6%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—1%; cracks in chimney—3%; major damage

to modern chimney—1%.

Bellevue (Lake Hills) (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98008;

47.611N, 122.116W)—Percentages of effects noted by

121 internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking

during the earthquake—32%; objects toppled over or fell

off shelves—50%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—59%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—30%; hairline cracks in

walls—31%; a few large cracks in walls—5%; one or several windows cracked—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—7%; cracks in chimney—2%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—3%; outside walls tilted over

or collapsed—1%.

Black Diamond (RCII=6.3, MMI=6) (98010; 47.311N,

122.005W)—Percentages of effects noted by five internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—60%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—80%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—80%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—40%; hairline cracks in walls—20%.

Bothell (RCII=5.7, MMI=--) (98011; 47.750N,

122.216W)—Percentages of effects noted by 76 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—58%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—58%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in walls—20%;

a few large cracks in walls—4%; many large cracks in

walls—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—5%;

cracks in chimney—1%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—1%.

Bothell (N) (RCII=5.9, MMI=--) (98021; 47.792N,

122.224W)—Percentages of effects noted by 99 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—32%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—62%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—55%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—15%; hairline cracks in walls—21%;

a few large cracks in walls—5%; one or several windows

cracked—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—29%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—1%.

Bremerton (W) (RCII=6.3, MMI=7) (98312; 47.575N,

122.696W)—Percentages of effects noted by 44 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—43%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—66%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—66%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—34%; hairline cracks in walls—30%;

a few large cracks in walls—11%; many large cracks in

walls—9%; one or several windows cracked—2%; many

windows cracked or broken out—2%; ceiling tiles or

lighting fixtures fell—16%; cracks in chimney—7%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—2%; separation

of porch, balcony or other addition from building—5%.

Brinnon (RCII=6.1, MMI=6) (98320; 47.678N,

122.938W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%; hairline cracks in walls—50%.

Burien (RCII=6.0, MMI=6) (98148; 47.450N,

122.326W)—Fourteen houses were evacuated as a result

of landslide damage (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse

Group, 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by 18 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—56%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—39%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—22%; ceiling tiles

or lighting fixtures fell—6%; masonry fell from block or

brick walls—6%.

Carnation (RCII=6.4, MMI=--) (98014; 47.638N,

121.911W)—Percentages of effects noted by 11 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—55%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—82%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—82%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—9%; hairline cracks in walls—27%;

one or several windows cracked—18%; separation of

porch, balcony or other addition from building—9%.
34

Chimacum (RCII=5.5, MMI=5 (98325; 47.986N,

122.788W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—25%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—25%; hairline cracks in walls—25%.

Clallam Bay (RCII=5.7, MMI=4) (98326; 48.225N,

124.202W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over,

or became displaced—50%.

Cle Elum (RCII=5.5, MMI=7) (98922; 47.206N,

120.969W)—Percentages of effects noted by 15 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—20%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—60%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—80%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—13%; hairline cracks in walls—27%;

a few large cracks in walls—7%; one or several windows

cracked—7%; cracks in chimney—7%.

Concrete (RCII=5.6, MMI=5) (98237; 48.531N,

121.664W)—Postal questionnaires reported: exterior and

interior walls sustained hairline cracks; a few old chimneys cracked; a few windows cracked.

Percentages of effects noted by nine internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—33%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—56%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—11%; hairline cracks in walls—22%.

Cosmopolis (RCII=6.1, MMI=6) (98537; 46.954N,

123.774W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over,

or became displaced—33%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—33%.

Curtis (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98538; 46.558N,

123.157W)—Postal questionnaires reported: concrete

water tower at the top of Curtis Hill was damaged; interior walls sustained a few large cracks and split at seams; a

few windows cracked; several small objects overturned

and fell; several knickknacks broke; small appliances fell

to the floor.

Darrington (RCII=6.3, MMI=--) (98241; 48.249N,

121.592W)—Percentages of effects noted by six internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—17%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—83%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—67%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—33%.

Des Moines (RCII=6.1, MMI=6) (98198; 47.407N,

122.310W)—Percentages of effects noted by 24 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—42%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—75%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—71%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—17%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; a

few large cracks in walls—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—8%.

Des Moines (RCII=6.0, MMI=--) (98188; 47.450N,

122.281W)—Percentages of effects noted by 41 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—44%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—66%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—59%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—29%; hairline cracks in walls—22%; a

few large cracks in walls—12%; one or several windows

cracked—2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—10%.

Duvall (RCII=6.2, MMI=5) (98019; 47.725N,

121.937W)—Percentages of effects noted by 11 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—36%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—82%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—73%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—27%; hairline cracks in walls—45%;

cracks in chimney—9%; separation of porch, balcony or

other addition from building—9%.

East Bremerton (RCII=5.7, MMI=--) (98311; 47.631N,

122.606W)—Percentages of effects noted by 28 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—54%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—68%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; a

few large cracks in walls—14%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—4%; cracks in chimney—4%; major damage

to old chimney—4%; separation of porch, balcony or

other addition from building—4%.

Eatonville (RCII=5.9, MMI=6) (98328; 46.871N,

122.270W)—Percentages of effects noted by 16 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—44%; objects toppled over or fell off
35

shelves—81%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—62%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—19%; hairline cracks in walls—19%.

Elbe (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98330; 46.767N, 122.150W)—

Postal questionnaires reported: several old chimneys

cracked or lost bricks; a few windows cracked.

Enumclaw (RCII=6.0, MMI=6) (98022; 47.267N,

122.031W)—Percentages of effects noted by 28 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—57%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—68%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—79%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—25%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; a

few large cracks in walls—4%.

Everett (E) (RCII=5.6, MMI=--) (98205; 47.990N,

122.116W)—Percentages of effects noted by 20 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—20%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—35%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—25%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; a

few large cracks in walls—15%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—20%; separation of porch, balcony or other

addition from building—5%.

Fall City (RCII=5.7, MMI=6) (98024; 47.568N,

121.890W)—Percentages of effects noted by six internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—83%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—83%; hairline cracks in walls—17%; cracks in

chimney—17%.

Federal Way (RCII=5.6, MMI=--) (98003; 47.320N,

122.312W)—Percentages of effects noted by 53 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—42%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—55%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—49%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—4%; hairline cracks in walls—21%; a

few large cracks in walls—2%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—4%; cracks in chimney—4%.

Federal Way (W) (RCII=6.1, MMI=--) (98023; 47.310N,

122.361W)—Percentages of effects noted by 39 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—49%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—69%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—77%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—13%; hairline cracks in walls—21%;

many large cracks in walls—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—5%; cracks in chimney—3%; separation of

porch, balcony or other addition from building—3%.

Fife (RCII=5.9, MMI=--) (98424; 47.244N, 122.351W)—

Along the Puyallup River Valley there was little evidence

of liquefaction or lateral spreading in areas where susceptible soils exist (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse

Group, 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by 21 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

52%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—62%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—52%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—19%; hairline cracks in walls—14%.

Fircrest (RCII=6.0, MMI=--) (98466; 47.228N,

122.535W)—Percentages of effects noted by 31 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—42%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—55%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—74%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—39%; hairline cracks in walls—26%; a

few large cracks in walls—3%; one or several windows

cracked—6%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—10%;

cracks in chimney—6%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—3%.

Fort Lewis (RCII=6.0, MMI=6) (98433; 47.101N,

122.583W)—A parapet failed in a military dormitory

(PEER, p. 21).

An internet respondent in an office within a maintenance

facility at Fort Lewis said, “The floor started to pitch up

and down. The 12 ft X 12 ft room began to twist from left

to right. We ran out the open bay door. In the parking lot,

2.5-ton trucks and five Hummers pitched back and forth.

The parking lot looked as if there were waves rolling

through the ground. While walking I felt as though I suddenly became heavier and then lighter.”

Percentages of effects noted by 31 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

61%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—55%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—52%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—19%; hairline cracks in walls—26%; a few large

cracks in walls—16%; one or several windows cracked—

3%; many windows cracked or broken out—3%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—3%; cracks in chimney—

6%; major damage to old chimney—6%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—3%.

Gold Bar (RCII=6.4, MMI=--) (98251; 47.857N,

121.696W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:
36

objects toppled over or fell off shelves; pictures on walls

moved or were knocked askew.

Grapeview (RCII=6.4, MMI=6) (98546; 47.306N,

122.950W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; cracks in chimney—50%.

Grays River (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98621; 46.353N,

123.589W)—Postal questionnaires reported: interior walls

sustained hairline cracks; a few old chimneys cracked; a

few windows cracked; many small objects overturned and

fell; heavy appliances were displaced by inches.

Greenbank (RCII=5.6, MMI=5) (98253; 48.124N,

122.587W)—Percentages of effects noted by seven internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—14%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—43%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—57%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—14%; hairline cracks in walls—29%;

one or several windows cracked—14%; cracks in chimney—14%; outside walls tilted over or collapsed—14%.

Hansville (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98340; 47.906N,

122.566W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few old

chimneys lost bricks; many small objects overturned and

fell, many knickknacks broke and many items were shaken off store shelves; heavy appliances were displaced by

inches; small appliances fell to the floor.

Issaquah(N) (RCII=5.9, MMI=--) (98029; 47.554N,

122.047W)—Percentages of effects noted by 32 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—28%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—72%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—59%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—31%; hairline cracks in walls—19%; a

few large cracks in walls—3%; one or several windows

cracked—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—12%.

Kent (RCII=6.1, MMI=7) (98031; 47.388N, 122.193W)

—Near Second Ave. and Harrison St. an unreinforcedmasonry wall of a single-story warehouse partially collapsed. Masonry fell from the front of a building on

Second Ave. South (Tacoma News Tribune, March 1,

2001, p. A10. col. 6). Windows shattered in a department

store on Meeker St. (Tacoma News Tribune, March 1,

2001, p. A10. col. 6).

Percentages of effects noted by 38 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

39%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—66%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—63%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—21%; hairline cracks in walls—29%; a few large

cracks in walls—5%; one or several windows cracked—

5%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—3%; cracks in

chimney—5%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—

5%.

Kent (Covington) (RCII=6.2, MMI=5) (98042; 47.368N,

122.121W)—Percentages of effects noted by 32 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—53%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—84%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—69%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—28%; hairline cracks in walls—31%; a

few large cracks in walls—6%; many large cracks in

walls—3%; cracks in chimney—3%.

Kingston (RCII=5.7, MMI=5) (98346; 47.811N,

122.526W)—Percentages of effects noted by 11 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—55%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—45%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—73%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—9%; hairline cracks in walls—45%; a

few large cracks in walls—9%.

Kirkland (RCII=5.8, MMI=6) (98033; 47.679N,

122.189W)—Percentages of effects noted by 91 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—25%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—71%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—60%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; a

few large cracks in walls—7%; many large cracks in

walls—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—10%.

Kirkland (N) (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98034; 47.719N,

122.197W)—Percentages of effects noted by 59 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—37%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—58%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—59%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—24%; hairline cracks in walls—17%; a

few large cracks in walls—5%; one or several windows

cracked—2%; many windows cracked or broken out—

2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—8%; masonry

fell from block or brick walls—2%; separation of porch,

balcony or other addition from building—2%.

La Conner (RCII=5.8, MMI=5) (98257; 48.409N,

122.531W)—Postal questionnaires reported: interior walls

split at seams; a few windows cracked; a few items were

shaken off store shelves.
37

Effects noted by one internet respondent: objects toppled

over or fell off shelves; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew.

Lacey (N) (RCII=6.3, MMI=6) (98516; 47.047N,

122.863W)—The USGS field team observed a few damaged chimneys along Martin Way east of Olympia. At a

store near Martin Way and College St. NE, items fell from

shelves.

Percentages of effects noted by 28 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

61%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—79%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—64%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—32%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; a few large

cracks in walls—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—4%; cracks in chimney—4%.

Lake Forest Park (RCII=5.5, MMI=--) (98155; 47.758N,

122.296W)—Percentages of effects noted by 34 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—38%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—68%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—24%; hairline cracks in walls—18%; a

few large cracks in walls—3%; one or several windows

cracked—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—6%;

cracks in chimney—3%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—3%.

Lakewood Center (E) (RCII=5.8, MMI=7) (98499;

47.161N, 122.509W)—Percentages of effects noted by 37

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—43%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—46%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—70%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—24%; hairline cracks in walls—24%; a

few large cracks in walls—5%; one or several windows

cracked—3%; many windows cracked or broken out—

3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—8%; cracks in

chimney—5%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—

3%.

Lakewood Center (S) (RCII=6.1, MMI=--) (98439;

47.123N, 122.529W)—An observer at McChord AFB

said, “I was strapped in a military transport aircraft and

waiting to start engines when the quake hit. We were

rolling around like a fish out of water, and fortunately

were not moving at the time. No damage was noted, but it

was quite a ride!”

Percentages of effects noted by 19 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

47%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—47%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—53%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—16%; hairline cracks in walls—16%; a few large

cracks in walls—11%; one or several windows cracked—

5%; cracks in chimney—5%; separation of porch, balcony

or other addition from building—5%.

Leavenworth (RCII=5.6, MMI=5) (98826; 47.644N,

120.675W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—36%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—43%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—86%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—14%; hairline cracks in walls—29%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—14%.

Lilliwaup (RCII=6.2, MMI=5) (98555; 47.513N,

123.063W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over,

or became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—

33%.

Littlerock (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98556; 46.902N,

123.017W)—The USGS field team visited a grocery

where stock shifted toward the back of shelves, so few

items fell; objects fell off shelves at a home and two televisions fell on the third floor. There was mild disturbance

of a convenience store’s stock.

Longbranch (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98351; 47.201N,

122.756W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake;

objects toppled over or fell off shelves; pictures on walls

moved or were knocked askew.

Maple Valley (RCII=6.0, MMI=7) (98038; 47.385N,

122.057W)—Percentages of effects noted by 25 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—44%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—76%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—72%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—32%; hairline cracks in walls—20%;

one or several windows cracked—4%; ceiling tiles or

lighting fixtures fell—4%.

Marysville (RCII=5.9, MMI=5) (98270; 48.066N,

122.156W)—Percentages of effects noted by 20 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—65%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—55%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked
38

askew—80%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—20%; hairline cracks in walls—35%; a

few large cracks in walls—15%; cracks in chimney—5%.

McCleary (RCII=5.6, MMI=6) (98557; 47.053N,

123.264W)—The USGS field team observed a few

cracked chimneys and many undamaged old chimneys.

Percentages of effects noted by two internet respondents:

objects toppled over or fell off shelves—50%; pictures on

walls moved or were knocked askew—50%; furniture or

appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—50%.

Mercer Island (RCII=6.4, MMI=--) (98040; 47.563N,

122.227W)—An internet respondent driving over Lake

Washington on I-90 just east of Mercer Island said, “I

struggled to control the skidding vehicle and noticed other

drivers with similar problems. I saw light posts wiggling

like worms.”

Percentages of effects noted by 40 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

38%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—73%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—60%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—28%; hairline cracks in walls—28%; a few large

cracks in walls—10%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—10%; major damage to modern chimney—3%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—3%; outside

walls tilted over or collapsed—3%; separation of porch,

balcony or other addition from building—3%.

Mill Creek (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98012; 47.849N,

122.207W)—Percentages of effects noted by 20 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—40%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—65%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—65%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—10%; hairline cracks in walls—35%; a

few large cracks in walls—5%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—5%.

Milton (RCII=6.1, MMI=--) (98354; 47.248N,

122.316W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—25%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—75%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%.

Moclips (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98562; 47.223N,

124.204W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few old

chimneys lost bricks or fell.

Monroe (RCII=6.0, MMI=6) (98272; 47.859N,

121.947W)—Percentages of effects noted by 21 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—48%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—67%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—29%; hairline cracks in walls—43%;

a few large cracks in walls—14%; masonry fell from

block or brick walls—5%.

Montesano (RCII=5.9, MMI=6) (98563; 47.090N,

123.501W)—Percentages of effects noted by nine internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—22%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—56%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—56%; hairline cracks in walls—33%; a few large

cracks in walls—11%.

Morton (RCII=6.4, MMI=6) (98356; 46.558N,

22.250W)—Percentages of effects noted by six internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—67%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—17%; hairline cracks in walls—67%;

a few large cracks in walls—17%; one or several windows

cracked—17%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—

33%.

Mossyrock (RCII=6.4, MMI=5) (98564; 46.513N,

122.479W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:

objects toppled over or fell off shelves; pictures on walls

moved or were knocked askew.

Mountlake Terrace (RCII=5.5, MMI=--) (98043;

47.793N, 122.304W)—Percentages of effects noted by 28

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—11%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—46%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—71%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—11%; hairline cracks in walls—25%;

a few large cracks in walls—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—25%.

Newport Hills (RCII=6.1, MMI=--) (98006; 47.561N,

122.155W)—Percentages of effects noted by 68 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—40%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—68%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—49%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—28%; hairline cracks in walls—34%;

a few large cracks in walls—16%; many large cracks in

walls—1%; one or several windows cracked—1%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—10%; cracks in chimney—

1%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—1%.
39

Normandy Park (RCII=6.3, MMI=6) (98166; 47.455N,

122.347W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—36%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—79%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—79%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—14%; hairline cracks in walls—36%; a

few large cracks in walls—21%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—29%; cracks in chimney—7%.

North Bend (RCII=6.4, MMI=5) (98045; 47.476N,

121.757W)—Percentages of effects noted by 28 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—86%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—71%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—32%; hairline cracks in walls—29%; a

few large cracks in walls—18%; many large cracks in

walls—7%; one or several windows cracked—4%; many

windows cracked or broken out—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—18%; cracks in chimney—11%; masonry

fell from block or brick walls—14%; separation of porch,

balcony or other addition from building—4%.

Ocean Park (RCII=5.5, MMI=5) (98640; 46.503N,

124.044W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—100%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—25%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; hairline cracks in walls—25%.

Onalaska (RCII=5.8, MMI=5 (98570; 46.573N,

122.708W)—Percentages of effects noted by 10 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—40%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—70%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—80%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—30%; hairline cracks in walls—20%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—10%.

Packwood (RCII=5.6, MMI=5) (98361; 46.650N,

121.655W)—Percentages of effects noted by seven internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—29%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—57%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—86%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—14%; hairline cracks in walls—14%;

one or several windows cracked—14%; cracks in chimney—14%.

Parkland (RCII=5.9, MMI=6) (98444; 47.157N,

122.449W)—Percentages of effects noted by 18 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—72%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—72%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—22%; hairline cracks in walls—39%;

one or several windows cracked—17%.

Parkland (Brookdale) (RCII=6.2, MMI=--) (98445;

47.134N, 122.412W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—36%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—79%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—71%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—21%; hairline cracks in walls—21%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—7%; cracks in chimney—7%.

Parkland (Summit) (RCII=6.3, MMI=--) (98446;

47.140N, 122.372W)—Percentages of effects noted by

eight internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking

during the earthquake—25%; objects toppled over or fell

off shelves—75%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—88%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—25%; separation of

porch, balcony or other addition from building—12%.

Port Orchard (RCII=6.4, MMI=--) (98366; 47.505N,

122.615W)—Some homes experienced cracked or broken

chimneys. A commercial building sustained major cracks

in a concrete block wall (press accounts).

An internet respondent fishing in a boat south of Blake

Island and north of Vashon Island said, “The boat felt like

someone was pushing it up from below and letting it drop

back down fairly quickly, like hitting something. There

was a massive green cloud of pollen rising above the

trees.”

Percentages of effects noted by 41 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

54%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—85%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—78%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—37%; hairline cracks in walls—32%; one or several windows cracked—2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—7%; cracks in chimney—2%.

Poulsbo (RCII=5.9, MMI=6) (98370; 47.742N,

122.628W)—Chimneys were damaged on seven homes.

Saint Charles Episcopal Church was damaged (press

reports).

Percentages of effects noted by 34 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—68%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—71%;
40

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—15%; hairline cracks in walls—18%; a few large

cracks in walls—3%; many large cracks in walls—3%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—3%; cracks in chimney—3%; outside walls tilted over or collapsed—3%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—3%.

Puyallup (South Hill) (RCII=6.3, MMI=7) (98373;

47.128N, 122.322W)—Percentages of effects noted by 13

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—46%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—92%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—62%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—31%; hairline cracks in walls—23%; a

few large cracks in walls—8%; one or several windows

cracked—15%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—23%.

Quilcene (RCII=6.4, MMI=7) (98376; 47.832N,

122.858W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—75%; hairline cracks in walls—25%.

Rainier (RCII=6.4, MMI=6) (98576; 46.883N,

122.679W)—Percentages of effects noted by seven internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—57%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—86%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—86%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—57%; hairline cracks in walls—14%.

Redmond (RCII=5.6, MMI=5) (98052; 47.672N,

122.123W)—Percentages of effects noted by 595 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—30%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—57%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—45%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in walls—18%; a

few large cracks in walls—8%; many large cracks in

walls—1%; one or several windows cracked—2%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—4%; masonry fell from block

or brick walls—1%.

Renton (Cascade) (RCII=6.2, MMI=7) (98058; 47.447N,

122.122W)—A Maplewood home was destroyed by an

earth flow triggered by the shock.

Percentages of effects noted by 36 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

39%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—69%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—61%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—28%; hairline cracks in walls—17%; a few large

cracks in walls—11%; many large cracks in walls—3%;

one or several windows cracked—3%; many windows

cracked or broken out—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—8%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—3%.

Renton (Highlands) (RCII=6.1, MMI=--) (98059;

47.467N, 122.151W)—Percentages of effects noted by 19

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—47%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—74%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—68%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—16%; hairline cracks in walls—16%; a

few large cracks in walls—5%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—5%.

Renton (N) (RCII=6.4, MMI=--) (98056; 47.507N,

122.182W)—A landslide dammed the Cedar River; engineers breached the landslide to avoid flooding nearby

homes (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group,

2001).

Percentages of effects noted by 18 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

56%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—89%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—44%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—39%; hairline cracks in walls—22%; a few large

cracks in walls—6%; many large cracks in walls—11%;

one or several windows cracked—11%; many windows

cracked or broken out—11%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—17%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—

11%.

Riverton Heights (RCII=6.3, MMI=--) (98168; 47.489N,

122.302W)—Percentages of effects noted by 33 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—48%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—70%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—58%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in walls—24%; a

few large cracks in walls—15%; many large cracks in

walls—3%; one or several windows cracked—6%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—24%; cracks in chimney—

3%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—3%; outside

walls tilted over or collapsed—3%.

Rockport (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98283; 48.470N,

121.555W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few modern

chimneys cracked; many small objects overturned and fell.

Rosburg (RCII=6.2, MMI=5) (98643; 46.307N,

123.657W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the
41

earthquake—100%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—100%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; cracks in chimney—50%.

Roy (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98580; 46.956N, 122.448W)—

Percentages of effects noted by eight internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

38%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—50%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—50%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—12%; hairline cracks in walls—25%.

Seattle (Ballard) (RCII=5.5, MMI=--) (98107; 47.670N,

122.376W)—Percentages of effects noted by 51 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—25%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—63%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—73%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—20%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; a

few large cracks in walls—2%; major damage to old chimney—2%.

Seattle (Beacon Hill) (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98144;

47.585N, 122.300W)—Many bottles and cans fell and

broke inside coolers and a few things fell off shelves at

two stores.

Percentages of effects noted by 73 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

37%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—48%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—48%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—23%; hairline cracks in walls—19%; a few large

cracks in walls—4%; many large cracks in walls—5%;

one or several windows cracked—3%; many windows

cracked or broken out—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—8%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—

5%.

Seattle (Capitol Hill) (RCII=6.2, MMI=7) (98102;

47.630N, 122.321W)—The Flentrop Organ in Saint Marks

Episcopal Cathedral was heavily damaged (Seattle Post

Intelligencer, March 3, 2001, p. A6, col. 1). The USGS

field team observed a few bricks off parapets and chimneys; stores reported several dozen to a hundred items off

shelves.

Percentages of effects noted by 68 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

53%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—81%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—63%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—26%; hairline cracks in walls—31%; a few large

cracks in walls—7%; many large cracks in walls—4%;

one or several windows cracked—13%; many windows

cracked or broken out—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—7%; cracks in chimney—4%; major damage to

old chimney—3%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—3%.

Seattle (Columbia) (RCII=5.7, MMI=6) (98118;

47.541N, 122.275W)—A glass shop reported that two

pieces of glass tipped over and an empty file cabinet

stacked on top of another empty file cabinet slid several

inches; customers from the neighborhood said drawers

facing north or south opened but those facing east or west

did not. A grocery worker watched cola bottles fall; the

store was closed several hours for clean up. At Seward

Park nothing fell in the park office, but old cracks were

enlarged on the patio between the office and a playground;

a picnic shed on the hill above the office leaned but did

not collapse; at the ranger’s home in the park, pictures

propped on a shelf fell down and several knickknacks fell

off the window sills.

Percentages of effects noted by 21 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—57%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—57%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—14%; hairline cracks in walls—19%; a few large

cracks in walls—5%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—5%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition

from building—5%.

Seattle (Crown Hill) (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98117;

47.687N, 122.377W)—Percentages of effects noted by 48

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—42%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—73%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—54%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—19%; hairline cracks in walls—31%; a

few large cracks in walls—4%; many large cracks in

walls—2%; one or several windows cracked—4%; many

windows cracked or broken out—2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—2%; cracks in chimney—2%; masonry

fell from block or brick walls—2%; separation of porch,

balcony or other addition from building—2%.

Seattle (Delridge) (RCII=6.2, MMI=7) (98106; 47.534N,

122.355W)—The USGS field team observed several damaged chimneys. A waterfront restaurant sustained many

broken windows, minor cracks in columns and lost $3,000

in wine.

Percentages of effects noted by 17 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

35%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—71%;
42

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—71%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—35%; hairline cracks in walls—12%; a few large

cracks in walls—12%; many windows cracked or broken

out—6%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition

from building—6%.

Seattle (Haller Lake) (RCII=5.5, MMI=6) (98133;

47.738N, 122.343W)—Percentages of effects noted by 62

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—44%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—44%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—56%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—15%; hairline cracks in walls—26%; a

few large cracks in walls—5%; one or several windows

cracked—2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—6%;

cracks in chimney—2%; separation of porch, balcony or

other addition from building—2%.

Seattle (Lake City) (RCII=5.9, MMI=—) (98125;

47.717N, 122.302W)—Percentages of effects noted by 56

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—30%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—68%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—54%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—11%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; a

few large cracks in walls—7%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—9%; cracks in chimney—2%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—2%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—4%.

Seattle (Laurelhurst) (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98105;

47.663N, 122.302W)—Books spilled from shelves and

bookracks were distorted (Nisqually Earthquake

Clearinghouse Group, 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by 137 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

29%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—54%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—50%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—19%; hairline cracks in walls—23%; a few large

cracks in walls—9%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—7%; major damage to old chimney—1%; masonry

fell from block or brick walls—1%.

Seattle (Lincoln Park) (RCII=6.2, MMI=--) (98136;

47.540N, 122.388W)—Percentages of effects noted by 21

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—62%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—76%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—57%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—19%; hairline cracks in walls—5%; a

few large cracks in walls—10%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—5%; cracks in chimney—5%.

Seattle (Magnolia Bluffs) (RCII=5.8, MMI=6) (98199;

47.649N, 122.396W)—The reinforced concrete framework

of the Magnolia Viaduct was damaged and the bridge was

closed (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group,

2001). The USGS field team observed isolated chimney

damage in this area and talked to a guard at Pier 90 who

saw ground rolling in the paved lot and a large piece of

concrete falling from the nearby Magnolia Viaduct.

Percentages of effects noted by 20 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

45%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—70%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—60%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—15%; hairline cracks in walls—15%; ceiling tiles

or lighting fixtures fell—5%; cracks in chimney—5%.

Seattle (Montlake) (RCII=6.1, MMI=7) (98112; 47.640N,

122.310W)—In the Montlake district dozens of homes had

severe chimney damage (press reports).

Percentages of effects noted by 39 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

26%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—77%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—64%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—13%; hairline cracks in walls—33%; a few large

cracks in walls—10%; one or several windows cracked—

8%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—3%; cracks in

chimney—18%; major damage to old chimney—8%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—5%.

Seattle (Queen Anne W) (RCII=6.2, MMI=7) (98119;

47.638N, 122.364W)—The USGS field teams observed

chimneys that lost bricks, cracked at the roof line or fell

above the roof line. Two tombstones overturned in a cemetery.

Percentages of effects noted by 70 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

43%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—66%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—63%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—27%; hairline cracks in walls—21%; a few large

cracks in walls—11%; many large cracks in walls—1%;

one or several windows cracked—3%; ceiling tiles or

lighting fixtures fell—6%; cracks in chimney—3%; major

damage to old chimney—1%; masonry fell from block or

brick walls—4%.

Seattle (Shoreline) (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98177;

47.747N, 122.369W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14
43

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—43%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—71%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—79%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—21%; hairline cracks in walls—29%.

Seattle (Shorewood) (RCII=5.7, MMI=--) (98146;

47.501N, 122.354W)—Percentages of effects noted by 16

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—69%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—56%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—19%; hairline cracks in walls—25%.

Seattle (Skyway) (RCII=6.2, MMI=--) (98178; 47.499N,

122.247W)—Percentages of effects noted by eight internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—62%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—62%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—75%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—38%; hairline cracks in walls—12%; a

few large cracks in walls—12%; one or several windows

cracked—12%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—12%;

cracks in chimney—12%; major damage to old chimney—

12%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—12%.

Seattle (Wallingford) (RCII=5.7, MMI=--) (98103;

47.673N, 122.343W)—Residents reported pictures were

askew and small objects fell.

Percentages of effects noted by 113 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

23%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—63%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—53%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—15%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; a few large

cracks in walls—4%; many large cracks in walls—1%;

one or several windows cracked—3%; ceiling tiles or

lighting fixtures fell—3%; cracks in chimney—3%; major

damage to old chimney—2%; masonry fell from block or

brick walls—1%.

Seattle (Wedgwood) (RCII=5.8, MMI=--) (98115;

47.685N, 122.297W)—Percentages of effects noted by 91

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—32%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—69%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—62%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—20%; hairline cracks in walls—16%; a

few large cracks in walls—5%; many large cracks in

walls—1%; one or several windows cracked—3%; ceiling

tiles or lighting fixtures fell—4%; cracks in chimney—

3%; outside walls tilted over or collapsed—1%; separation

of porch, balcony or other addition from building—1%.

Seattle (World Trade Center) (RCII=6.0, MMI=--)

(98121; 47.615N, 122.345W)—Percentages of effects

noted by 124 internet respondents: difficulty standing or

walking during the earthquake—31%; objects toppled over

or fell off shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—56%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—24%; hairline cracks in

walls—29%; a few large cracks in walls—12%; many

large cracks in walls—1%; many windows cracked or broken out—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—10%;

major damage to old chimney—1%; masonry fell from

block or brick walls—3%; separation of porch, balcony or

other addition from building—1%.

Silverdale (RCII=5.8, MMI=6) (98383; 47.662N,

122.698W)—Press reported some chimney damage and

nine homes damaged in all.

Percentages of effects noted by 33 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

61%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—70%;

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—52%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—12%; hairline cracks in walls—27%; ceiling tiles

or lighting fixtures fell—9%; cracks in chimney—3%.

Silverdale (NW) (RCII=5.9, MMI=--) (98315; 47.692N,

122.716W)—Percentages of effects noted by 11 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—55%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—45%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—82%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—27%; hairline cracks in walls—27%;

many large cracks in walls—9%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—18%; cracks in chimney—9%.

Skykomish (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98288; 47.692N,

121.371W)—Postal questionnaires reported: exterior walls

sustained large cracks; interior walls split at seams; several

old chimneys lost bricks; a few windows cracked; in some

buildings almost all small objects overturned and fell;

many knickknacks broke and many items were shaken off

store shelves; large furniture and heavy appliances were

displaced; small appliances overturned.

Sultan (RCII=6.4, MMI=6) (98294; 47.859N,

121.737W)—Percentages of effects noted by eight internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—38%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—88%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—75%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—50%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—12%.
44

Sumner (RCII=6.4, MMI=7) (98390; 47.189N,

122.180W)—Bricks fell from the old (about 1920s) bell

tower of the United Methodist Church (press reports). The

USGS field team observed isolated chimney damage.

Percentages of effects noted by 40 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—70%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—62%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—35%; hairline cracks in walls—25%; a few large

cracks in walls—12%; many large cracks in walls—3%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—8%; cracks in chimney—5%; major damage to old chimney—3%; separation

of porch, balcony or other addition from building—3%.

Suquamish (RCII=6.1, MMI=6) (98392; 47.734N,

22.557W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over,

or became displaced—33%; a few large cracks in walls—

33%.

Tacoma (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98418; 47.252N,

122.460W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few old

chimneys twisted, leaned, lost bricks or fell; a few windows cracked; small appliances overturned and fell to the

floor; a few tombstones twisted or fell.

Tacoma (RCII=6.2, MMI=--) (98443; 47.204N,

122.373W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

50%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became

displaced—50%; a few large cracks in walls—50%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—50%; masonry fell from

block or brick walls—50%.

Tacoma (Downtown) (RCII=5.7, MMI=7) (98402;

47.255N, 22.441W)—Half a dozen bricks and three coping stones fell from the rear facade of a century-old high

school (press reports).

Percentages of effects noted by 39 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

26%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—49%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—54%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in walls—33%; a few large

cracks in walls—13%; many large cracks in walls—3%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—5%.

Tacoma (Franklin Park) (RCII=6.0, MMI=--) (98405;

47.248N, 122.464W)—Percentages of effects noted by 41

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—44%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—59%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—46%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—17%; hairline cracks in walls—24%; a

few large cracks in walls—7%; one or several windows

cracked—2%; many windows cracked or broken out—2%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—2%; cracks in chimney—2%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—2%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—5%.

Tacoma (Garfield Park) (RCII=5.9, MMI=--) (98403;

47.264N, 122.458W)—Percentages of effects noted by 12

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—75%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—17%; hairline cracks in walls—33%; a

few large cracks in walls—8%; one or several windows

cracked—8%.

Tacoma (Hillsdale) (RCII=5.7, MMI=--) (98404;

47.211N, 122.413W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—43%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—43%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—29%; hairline cracks in walls—14%; a

few large cracks in walls—7%.

Tacoma (Jefferson Park) (RCII=6.2, MMI=--) (98406;

47.263N, 122.499W)—Percentages of effects noted by 25

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—44%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—76%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—60%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—20%; hairline cracks in walls—40%; a

few large cracks in walls—12%; one or several windows

cracked—8%; many windows cracked or broken out—4%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—12%; cracks in chimney—8%; major damage to old chimney—4%; masonry

fell from block or brick walls—8%.

Tacoma (Lincoln Park) (RCII=5.7, MMI=--) (98408;

47.207N, 122.444W)—Percentages of effects noted by 15

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—33%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—47%; hairline cracks in walls—27%; a few large
45

cracks in walls—7%; separation of porch, balcony or

other addition from building—7%.

Tacoma (Point Defiance Park) (RCII=6.3, MMI=--)

(98407; 47.282N, 122.504W)—A landslide at Salmon

Beach damaged nine homes and forced evacuation of others (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by 21 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

48%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—86%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—76%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—14%; hairline cracks in walls—52%; a few large

cracks in walls—5%; one or several windows cracked—

5%; many windows cracked or broken out—5%; cracks in

chimney—14%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—

5%.

Tacoma (Port of Tacoma) (RCII=6.0, MMI=--) (98422;

47.295N, 122.398W)—The Port of Tacoma reported

buckled pavement and structural damage to three buildings (Nisqually Earthquake Clearinghouse Group, 2001,

March 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by 10 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—40%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—50%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—20%; hairline cracks in walls—30%.

Tacoma (Port of Tacoma) (RCII=6.0, MMI=7) (98421;

7.266N, 122.401W)—Percentages of effects noted by

seven internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking

during the earthquake—71%; objects toppled over or fell

off shelves—57%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—86%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—43%; hairline cracks in

walls—14%.

Tacoma (South) (RCII=5.8, MMI=6) (98409; 47.208N,

122.478W)—Merchants in the Tacoma Mall reported

“minor damage from toppled shelves, broken glassware

and oozing bottles.” Fallen items cluttered each of RiteAid’s aisles (Tacoma News Tribune, March 1, 3001).

Percentages of effects noted by 34 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

44%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—56%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—47%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—3%; hairline cracks in walls—15%; a few large

cracks in walls—9%; one or several windows cracked—

3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—9%.

Tacoma (Tacoma Community College) (RCII=6.4,

MMI=--) (98465; 47.249N, 122.527W)—Percentages of

effects noted by two internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—100%; pictures on walls

moved or were knocked askew—100%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—50%; hairline cracks in walls—50%.

Tokeland (RCII=--, MMI=6) (98590; 46.747N,

124.046W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few old

chimneys cracked; a few windows cracked; a few small

objects overturned and fell; several knickknacks broke;

many items were shaken off store shelves.

Winslow (RCII=5.9, MMI=6) (98110; 47.645N,

122.531W)—See Bainbridge Island/Winslow.

Yelm (RCII=5.6, MMI=5) (98597; 46.921N, 122.588W)—

An observer at home said, “Nearly all items not secured

ended up on the floor. Lighter items (picture frames, models) were thrown across rooms up to 10 feet.”

Percentages of effects noted by 21 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

57%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—48%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—52%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—24%; hairline cracks in walls—19%.

RCII 4.5-5.4 (or MMI 5 for communities with no RCII) 

in British Columbia

Aldergrove (RCII=--, MMI=5) (49.050N, 122.470W)

Chemainus (RCII=--, MMI=5) (49.010N, 123.780W)

Coquitlam (RCII=--, MMI=5) (49.230N, 122.800W)

Cranbrook (RCII=--, MMI=5) (49.510N, 115.760W)

Grantham’s Landing (RCII=--, MMI=5) (49.420N,

123.500W)

Oliver (RCII=--, MMI=5) (49.190N, 119.820W)

Sasseenos (Sooke) (RCII=--, MMI=5) (48.370N,

123.720W)

Sidney (RCII=5.3, MMI=--) (48.650N, 123.400W)—

Percentages of effects noted by three internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—33%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—33%;

hairline cracks in walls—33%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—33%.
46

RCII 4.5-5.4 (or MMI 5 for communities with no RCII) 

in Idaho

Nordman (RCII=--, MMI=5) (Zip Code 83848; 48.567N,

116.921W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects overturned and fell; a few knickknacks broke;

hanging pictures swung out of place.

RCII 4.5-5.4 (or MMI 5 for communities with no RCII) 

in Oregon

Astoria (RCII=4.9, MMI=5) (Zip Code 97103; 46.156N,

123.798W)—Percentages of effects noted by 24 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—21%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—38%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—38%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—8%; hairline cracks in walls—17%.

Bay City (RCII=—, MMI=5) (97107; 45.520N,

123.876W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few windows cracked; a few small objects overturned and fell;

many items were shaken off store shelves.

Cloverdale (RCII=4.8, MMI=3) (97112; 45.286N,

123.836W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew.

Gaston (RCII=4.5, MMI=0) (97119; 45.443N,

123.167W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet

respondents: objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

67%.

Gladstone (RCII=4.5, MMI=--) (97027; 45.390N,

122.590W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:

hairline cracks in walls.

Hammond (RCII=4.6, MMI=--) (97121; 46.198N,

123.953W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—100%.

Irrigon (RCII=--, MMI=5) (97844; 45.888N,

119.507W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few knickknacks broke; hanging pictures fell.

Nehalem (RCII=4.8, MMI=4) (97131; 45.722N,

123.905W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%; a few large cracks in walls—50%.

Rainier (RCII=4.5, MMI=5) (97048; 46.065N,

122.967W)—There was little or no damage to buildings

(Clatskanie Chief, March 8, 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by six internet respondents:

objects toppled over or fell off shelves—17%; pictures on

walls moved or were knocked askew—33%; furniture or

appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—17%;

hairline cracks in walls—17%.

Rockaway Beach (RCII=--, MMI=5) (97136; 45.615N,

123.940W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few windows cracked; a few small objects overturned and fell;

heavy appliances were displaced by inches; a few items

were shaken off store shelves.

Saint Helens (RCII=4.9, MMI=6) (97051; 45.861N,

122.828W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few old

chimneys cracked, twisted, leaned, lost bricks or fell; a

few windows cracked.

Percentages of effects noted by five internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

20%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—20%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—40%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became 

displaced—20%; hairline cracks in walls—40%.

Seaside (RCII=4.6, MMI=--) (97138; 45.970N,

123.879W)—Percentages of effects noted by 10 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—10%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—20%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—60%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; cracks in

chimney—10%.

Timber (RCII=--, MMI=5) (97144; 45.727N,

123.312W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects overturned and fell; a few dinnerware items and

knickknacks broke; a few people ran out of buildings; 

people had difficulty maintaining balance and walking; felt

by many.

Tygh Valley (RCII=—, MMI=5) (97063; 45.232N,

121.297W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects overturned and fell; hanging pictures swung out of

place; a few people ran out of buildings; people had difficulty maintaining balance; felt by many.

Warrenton (RCII=4.8, MMI=5) (97146; 46.145N,

123.925W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—25%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—25%; hairline cracks in

walls—25%; a few large cracks in walls—25%.
47

Wemme (RCII=5.0, MMI=--) (97067; 45.340N,

121.960W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:

objects toppled over or fell off shelves.

RCII 4.5-5.4 (or MMI 5 for communities with no RCII) 

in Washington

Aberdeen (RCII=5.4, MMI=6) (Zip Code 98520;

46.984N, 123.796W)—Percentages of effects noted by 31

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—35%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—39%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—45%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—16%; hairline cracks in walls—16%; a

few large cracks in walls—6%; many large cracks in

walls—3%.

Acme (RCII=4.6, MMI=5) (98220; 48.675N, 122.191W)

—Effects noted by one internet respondent: difficulty

standing or walking during the earthquake; pictures on

walls moved or were knocked askew.

Addy (RCII=5.0, MMI=--) (99101; 48.448N, 117.892W)

—Percentages of effects noted by three internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—67%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

33%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

33%; hairline cracks in walls—33%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—33%.

Amanda Park (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98526; 47.471N,

123.907W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects overturned and fell; a few knickknacks broke; a

few items were shaken off store shelves.

Anacortes (RCII=4.5, MMI=--) (98221; 48.500N,

122.631W)—The 145-foot tall Morrison Mill smokestack,

built in 1926, was cracked and subsequently taken down

(Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 5, 2001).

Percentages of effects noted by 29 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

21%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—17%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—34%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became 

displaced—10%; hairline cracks in walls—7%; a few large

cracks in walls—3%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—3%.

Arlington (RCII=5.0, MMI=6) (98223; 48.183N,

122.112W)—Percentages of effects noted by 21 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—24%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—33%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—48%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—10%; hairline cracks in walls—29%;

cracks in chimney—5%.

Baring (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98224; 47.758N, 121.448W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: several small objects

overturned and a few fell; contents fell out of heavy appliances; several items were shaken off store shelves.

Beaver (RCII=4.8, MMI=5) (98305; 8.067N, 124.305W)

—Effects noted by one internet respondent: objects toppled over or fell off shelves; pictures on walls moved or

were knocked askew.

Bellevue (Midlakes) (RCII=5.4, MMI=6) (98005;

47.615N, 122.166W)—Postal questionnaires reported:

exterior walls of solid brick and concrete blocks sustained

large cracks; interior walls sustained a few large cracks

and split at seams; a few windows cracked; many dinnerware items and knickknacks broke; large furniture and

heavy appliances were displaced; approaches to highway

bridges settled; moderate landslides occurred; ground

slumps appeared in road fill.

Percentages of effects noted by 84 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—40%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—51%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—12%; hairline cracks in walls—12%; a few large

cracks in walls—4%; one or several windows cracked—

2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—6%; separation

of porch, balcony or other addition from building—1%.

Blaine (RCII=4.5, MMI=5) (98230; 48.964N, 122.732W)

—Percentages of effects noted by 15 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—7%;

objects toppled over or fell off shelves—27%; pictures on

walls moved or were knocked askew—20%; hairline

cracks in walls—13%.

Bow (RCII=4.5, MMI=4) (98232; 48.562N, 122.413W)—

Percentages of effects noted by five internet respondents:

objects toppled over or fell off shelves—20%; pictures on

walls moved or were knocked askew—40%.

Bridgeport (RCII=5.4, MMI=--) (98813; 48.016N,

119.703W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake;

objects toppled over or fell off shelves; pictures on walls

moved or were knocked askew.

Brush Prairie (RCII=5.4, MMI=--) (98606; 45.730N,

122.484W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet
48

respondents: objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

50%; hairline cracks in walls—50%.

Burlington (RCII=4.6, MMI=4) (98233; 48.479N,

122.334W)—Percentages of effects noted by 16 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—25%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—25%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—25%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—6%; hairline cracks in walls—12%;

cracks in chimney—6%.

Carbonado (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98323; 47.080N,

122.051W)—Postal questionnaires reported: exterior walls

sustained large cracks; several small objects overturned

and fell and knickknacks broke.

Cashmere (RCII=4.5, MMI=5) (98815; 47.517N,

120.503W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

25%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

50%.

Castle Rock (RCII=4.5, MMI=5) (98611; 46.278N,

122.914W)—Percentages of effects noted by 11 internet

respondents: pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—18%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—9%; hairline cracks in walls—9%.

Cathlamet (RCII=5.1, MMI=6) (98612; 46.195N,

123.363W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—33%.

Chelan (RCII=4.7, MMI=5) (98816; 47.848N,

120.027W)—Percentages of effects noted by nine internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—11%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—33%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—67%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—11%.

Clinton (RCII=5.2, MMI=5) (98236; 47.951N,

122.392W)—Percentages of effects noted by five internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—20%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—80%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—80%.

Copalis Crossing (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98536; 47.125N,

124.135W)—Postal questionnaires reported: interior walls

sustained hairline cracks; a few small objects overturned

and fell and knickknacks broke; hanging pictures fell.

Coulee Dam (RCII=4.6, MMI=4) (99116; 48.174N,

119.181W)—Percentages of effects noted by 6 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—17%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—83%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—33%; hairline cracks in

walls—17%.

Coupeville (RCII=5.0, MMI=6) (98239; 48.219N,

122.682W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—7%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

29%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

50%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became

displaced—7%; hairline cracks in walls—7%; ceiling tiles

or lighting fixtures fell—7%; separation of porch, balcony

or other addition from building—7%.

Edmonds (RCII=5.3, MMI=5) (98020; 47.801N,

122.367W)—Percentages of effects noted by 19 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—32%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—42%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—63%; hairline cracks in walls—16%; ceiling tiles

or lighting fixtures fell—5%.

Edmonds (NE) (RCII=5.4, MMI=--) (98026; 47.823N,

122.334W)—Percentages of effects noted by 25 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—48%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—32%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—64%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—24%; hairline cracks in walls—32%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—4%.

Electric City (RCII=--, MMI=5) (99123; 47.926N,

119.037W)—Postal questionnaires reported: interior walls

sustained hairline cracks.

Eltopia (RCII=--, MMI=5) (99330; 46.475N, 119.101W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small objects overturned and fell; hanging pictures swung out of place; felt

by many.

Entiat (RCII=4.9, MMI=7) (98822; 47.706N, 120.276W)

—Percentages of effects noted by three internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

33%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

33%; hairline cracks in walls—33%.

Ethel (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98542; 46.536N, 122.776W)—

Postal questionnaires reported: a few small objects over-
49

turned and fell; small appliances were displaced; a few

items were shaken off store shelves.

Everett (Beverly Park) (RCII=4.9, MMI=--) (98203;

47.942N, 122.222W)—Percentages of effects noted by 49

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—22%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—22%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—39%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—4%; hairline cracks in walls—16%; a

few large cracks in walls—16%; one or several windows

cracked—2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—8%.

Everett (downtown) (RCII=5.3, MMI=6) (98201;

47.988N, 122.201W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a

few mobile homes fell off their foundations; exterior walls

sustained large cracks; interior walls sustained a few large

cracks and split at seams; a few old chimneys twisted,

leaned, lost bricks or fell; some windows were broken out;

in some buildings almost all small objects overturned and

fell and almost all knickknacks broke; almost all items

were shaken off store shelves; large furniture and heavy

appliances were displaced; retaining walls partially fell; a

few tombstones twisted or fell.

Percentages of effects noted by 46 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

35%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—35%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—46%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—17%; hairline cracks in walls—17%; a few large

cracks in walls—7%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures

fell—2%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—2%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—2%.

Everett (S) (RCII=4.8, MMI=5) (98204; 47.902N,

122.247W)—Percentages of effects noted by 32 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—28%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—16%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—41%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—6%; hairline cracks in walls—16%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—12%.

Everett (SE) (RCII=5.3, MMI=--) (98208; 47.895N,

122.199W)—Percentages of effects noted by 23 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—48%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—26%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—52%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—4%; hairline cracks in walls—22%; a

few large cracks in walls—4%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—4%.

Freeland (RCII=4.6, MMI=5) (98249; 48.034N,

122.564W)—Percentages of effects noted by eight internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—12%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—38%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—25%.

Grandview (RCII=4.5, MMI=3) (98930; 46.254N,

119.916W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—50%.

Granite Falls (RCII=5.0, MMI=5) (98252; 48.079N,

121.943W)—Percentages of effects noted by nine internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—33%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—44%; hairline cracks in walls—22%.

Harrah (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98933; 46.410N, 20.574W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small objects

overturned and fell and knickknacks broke; a few items

were shaken off store shelves.

Hoodsport (RCII=5.0, MMI=5) (98548; 47.424N,

123.174W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—25%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—25%.

Hoquiam (RCII=5.2, MMI=7) (98550; 46.982N,

123.884W)—Percentages of effects noted by eight internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—75%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—25%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—62%; hairline cracks in walls—38%; a few large

cracks in walls—25%; cracks in chimney—12%.

Humptulips (RCII=5.3, MMI=5) (98552; 47.136N,

123.972W)—Percentages of effects noted by two internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—100%.

Kalama (RCII=4.6, MMI=5) (98625; 46.011N,

122.817W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet

respondents: pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—33%; a few large cracks in walls—67%; one or

several windows cracked—33%.

Kelso (RCII=5.4, MMI=6) (98626; 46.148N, 122.887W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: drywall split at seams;

in some buildings almost all small objects overturned and
50

fell; heavy appliances were displaced by inches; many

items were shaken off store shelves.

Percentages of effects noted by 24 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

42%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—50%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—67%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became 

displaced—17%; hairline cracks in walls—33%.

Kenmore (RCII=5.4, MMI=6) (98028; 47.758N,

122.243W)—Percentages of effects noted by 45 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—38%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—53%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—62%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—11%; hairline cracks in walls—7%; a

few large cracks in walls—2%; many large cracks in

walls—2%; one or several windows cracked—4%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—2%.

Kettle Falls (RCII=4.7, MMI=--) (99141; 48.636N,

118.055W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:

objects toppled over or fell off shelves.

Keyport (RCII=4.6, MMI=--) (98345; 47.702N,

122.620W)—Percentages of effects noted by 16 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—12%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—19%; hairline cracks in walls—6%.

La Center (RCII=4.8, MMI=--) (98629; 45.881N,

122.624W)—Effects noted by one internet respondent:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew.

Lake Stevens (RCII=5.0, MMI=6) (98258; 48.017N,

122.067W)—Percentages of effects noted by 20 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—25%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—35%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—10%; hairline cracks in walls—5%; a

few large cracks in walls—5%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—5%; cracks in chimney—5%; masonry fell

from block or brick walls—5%.

Langley (RCII=5.4, MMI=5) (98260; 48.019N,

122.453W)—Percentages of effects noted by 10 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—40%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—70%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—50%; hairline cracks in walls—20%; many windows cracked or broken out—10%.

Long Beach (RCII=4.9, MMI=5) (98631; 46.377N,

124.047W)—Percentages of effects noted by seven internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—29%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—29%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—43%; hairline cracks in walls—29%.

Longview (RCII=5.4, MMI=6) (98632; 46.151N,

122.963W)—Ceiling tiles fell at the Fred Meyer store

(Daily News, March 1, 2001). The USGS field team visited a WalMart where enough items fell to fill a dozen

shopping carts.

Percentages of effects noted by 68 internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

40%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—47%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—54%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—10%; hairline cracks in walls—22%; one or several windows cracked—1%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—3%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—

1%.

Lopez (RCII=4.7, MMI=--) (98261; 48.521N, 122.967W)

—Percentages of effects noted by five internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—20%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

40%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

40%; hairline cracks in walls—20%.

Lynnwood (RCII=5.2, MMI=5) (98036; 47.812N,

122.288W)—Percentages of effects noted by 29 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—28%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—38%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—41%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—14%; hairline cracks in walls—17%; a

few large cracks in walls—7%; one or several windows

cracked—3%; masonry fell from block or brick walls—

3%.

Lynnwood (N) (RCII=4.8, MMI=6) (98037; 47.851N,

122.282W)—Percentages of effects noted by 46 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—24%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—41%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—30%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—4%; hairline cracks in walls—7%.

Marysville (NW) (RCII=5.0, MMI=--) (98271; 48.097N,

122.198W)—Percentages of effects noted by 18 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—50%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—22%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked
51

askew—39%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—6%; hairline cracks in walls—17%.

Matlock (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98560; 47.178N, 123.338W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: interior walls sustained

hairline cracks; a few small objects overturned and fell

and knickknacks broke; a few items were shaken off store

shelves.

McChord AFB (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98438; 47.134N,

122.496W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few windows cracked; several small objects overturned and fell

and a few knickknacks broke; a few items were shaken off

store shelves.

Methow (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98834; 48.090N, 120.006W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small objects

overturned and fell and knickknacks broke; a few items

were shaken off store shelves.

Mount Vernon (RCII=4.7, MMI=5) (98273; 48.416N,

122.327W)—Percentages of effects noted by 33 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—27%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—21%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—33%; hairline cracks in walls—18%; a few large

cracks in walls—3%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—3%.

Mount Vernon (S) (RCII=4.6, MMI=--) (98274;

48.379N, 122.286W)—Percentages of effects noted by 14

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—21%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—14%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—43%; hairline cracks in walls—29%; one or several windows cracked—7%.

Mukilteo (RCII=4.8, MMI=--) (98275; 47.920N,

122.302W)—Percentages of effects noted by 20 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—15%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—35%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—45%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—5%; hairline cracks in walls—10%.

Naselle (RCII=5.1, MMI=--) (98638; 46.353N,

123.804W)—Percentages of effects noted by five internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—80%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—40%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—80%.

Oak Harbor (RCII=4.8, MMI=5) (98277; 48.315N,

122.637W)—Percentages of effects noted by 63 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—29%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—29%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—48%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—6%; hairline cracks in walls—11%; a

few large cracks in walls—2%; one or several windows

cracked—2%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—2%;

separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—2%.

Olalla (RCII=5.4, MMI=--) (98359; 47.424N,

122.575W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet

respondents: objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

100%.

Olga (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98279; 48.656N, 122.836W)—

Postal questionnaires reported: interior walls sustained

hairline cracks; people had difficulty maintaining balance;

vibration was described as strong; earth noise was

described as strong.

Orondo (RCII=4.8, MMI=4) (98843; 47.697N,

120.172W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—33%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—33%.

Pacific Beach (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98571; 47.198N,

124.159W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects overturned and fell; a few items were shaken off

store shelves.

Parkland (Pac. Luth. U.) (RCII=5.2, MMI=--) (98447;

47.145N, 122.441W)—Percentages of effects noted by 12

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—17%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—33%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—33%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—25%; hairline cracks in walls—33%;

many windows cracked or broken out—8%; ceiling tiles

or lighting fixtures fell—8%.

Point Roberts (RCII=4.7, MMI=4) (98281; 48.988N,

123.055W)—Percentages of effects noted by six internet

respondents: pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—83%; hairline cracks in walls—17%; cracks in

chimney—17%.

Port Angeles (RCII=4.8, MMI=5) (98362; 48.106N,

123.438W)—Percentages of effects noted by 50 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—26%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—10%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—38%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or
52

became displaced—16%; hairline cracks in walls—14%; a

few large cracks in walls—6%; many large cracks in

walls—2%; one or several windows cracked—2%; many

windows cracked or broken out—2%; ceiling tiles or

lighting fixtures fell—4%; major damage to old chimney—2%; major damage to modern chimney—2%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—2%; outside

walls tilted over or collapsed—2%; separation of porch,

balcony or other addition from building—2%.

Port Hadlock (RCII=5.2, MMI=5) (98339; 48.035N,

122.768W)—Percentages of effects noted by five internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—40%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—60%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—40%.

Port Ludlow (RCII=4.9, MMI=5) (98365; 47.922N,

122.690W)—Percentages of effects noted by six internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—17%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—50%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—67%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—17%.

Randle (RCII=5.3, MMI=6) (98377; 46.549N,

121.856W)—The Silver Creek Bridge sustained cracks in

columns and was given a 5-ton weight limitation (The

Chronicle, Centralia/Chehalis, Washington, March 6,

2001, p. A9).

Percentages of effects noted by six internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

33%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—33%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—50%;

furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became 

displaced—17%; hairline cracks in walls—33%; a few

large cracks in walls—17%.

Raymond (RCII=5.4, MMI=6) (98577; 46.671N,

123.693W)—Postal questionnaires reported: one entire

block of buildings was condemned; exterior walls sustained large cracks and partially collapsed; clay tile sustained large cracks; interior walls sustained a few large

cracks and split at seams; a few old chimneys twisted or

leaned; a few windows cracked; many small objects overturned and fell.

Percentages of effects noted by three internet respondents:

difficulty standing or walking during the earthquake—

67%; objects toppled over or fell off shelves—67%; 

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—100%.

Redmond (E) (RCII=5.3, MMI=--) (98053; 47.646N,

122.039W)—Percentages of effects noted by 49 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—18%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—59%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—53%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—12%; hairline cracks in walls—18%;

ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—2%.

Riverside (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98849; 48.488N,

119.580W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few items

were shaken off store shelves.

Ryderwood (RCII=4.6, MMI=6) (98581; 46.375N,

123.043W)—Postal questionnaires reported: interior walls

sustained hairline cracks; a few old chimneys cracked;

many small objects overturned and fell; many knickknacks

broke; large furniture and heavy appliances were displaced.

Percentages of effects noted by two internet respondents:

pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—100%.

Salkum (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98582; 46.515N,

122.645W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects overturned and fell; a few knickknacks broke; a

few items were shaken off store shelves.

Seattle (University of Washington) (RCII=5.4, MMI=6)

(98195; 47.654N, 122.296W)—Percentages of effects

noted by 126 internet respondents: difficulty standing or

walking during the earthquake—27%; objects toppled over

or fell off shelves—40%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—25%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or became displaced—18%; hairline cracks in

walls—18%; a few large cracks in walls—13%; many

large cracks in walls—2%; one or several windows

cracked—4%; ceiling tiles or lighting fixtures fell—10%;

masonry fell from block or brick walls—2%; separation of

porch, balcony or other addition from building—1%.

Sedro Woolley (RCII=4.5, MMI=5) (98284; 48.527N,

122.233W)—Percentages of effects noted by 16 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—12%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—25%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—38%; hairline cracks in walls—25%.

Sekiu (RCII=5.4, MMI=5) (98381; 48.303N,

124.468W)—Percentages of effects noted by four internet

respondents: objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

25%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

25%; hairline cracks in walls—75%.
53

Silver Creek (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98585; 46.549N,

122.476W)—Postal questionnaires reported: several small

objects overturned and fell; a few knickknacks broke;

small appliances were displaced; a few items were shaken

off store shelves; hanging pictures fell.

Skamokawa (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98647; 46.295N,

123.433W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects fell; a few knickknacks broke.

Snohomish (RCII=5.4, MMI=6) (98290; 47.895N,

122.072W)—Percentages of effects noted by 23 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—35%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—43%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—57%; hairline cracks in walls—26%; cracks in

chimney—4%; separation of porch, balcony or other addition from building—4%.

Snohomish (S) (RCII=4.9, MMI=--) (98296; 47.831N,

122.118W)—Percentages of effects noted by 13 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—31%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—46%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—38%; hairline cracks in walls—23%.

South Bend (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98586; 46.654N,

23.820W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects overturned and fell; a few knickknacks broke; a

few items were shaken off store shelves.

Stanwood (RCII=4.5, MMI=5) (98292; 48.201N,

122.378W)—Percentages of effects noted by 35 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—9%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—11%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—51%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—9%; hairline cracks in walls—23%; a

few large cracks in walls—3%; outside walls tilted over or

collapsed—3%; separation of porch, balcony or other

addition from building—3%.

Stehekin (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98852; 48.298N,

120.755W)—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small

objects overturned and fell; a few broke; a few items were

shaken off store shelves.

Tacoma (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98413; 47.208N,

122.481W)—Postal questionnaires reported: people had

difficulty maintaining balance.

Tacoma (Camp Murray) (RCII=4.7, MMI=--) (98430;

47.114N, 122.571W)—Percentages of effects noted by

five internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking

during the earthquake—60%; objects toppled over or fell

off shelves—20%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—40%.

Tacoma (Univ. Puget Sound) (RCII=5.4, MMI=--)

(98416; 47.263N, 122.482W)—Percentages of effects

noted by 15 internet respondents: difficulty standing or

walking during the earthquake—20%; objects toppled

over or fell off shelves—33%; pictures on walls moved or

were knocked askew—40%; furniture or appliances slid,

toppled over, or became displaced—7%; hairline cracks in

walls—27%; a few large cracks in walls—33%; one or

several windows cracked—7%.

Toledo (RCII=5.1, MMI=6) (98591; 46.440N,

122.827W)—Percentages of effects noted by five internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—20%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—60%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—60%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—20%.

Vader (RCII=5.3, MMI=6) (98593; 46.399N, 122.958W)

—The USGS field team observed isolated chimney damage.

Effects noted by one internet respondent: objects toppled

over or fell off shelves.

Vancouver (Salmon Crest) (RCII=4.5, MMI=--) (98686;

45.712N, 122.632W)—Percentages of effects noted by 13

internet respondents: difficulty standing or walking during

the earthquake—23%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—8%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—46%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—8%; hairline cracks in walls—15%; a

few large cracks in walls—15%.

Wauna (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98395; 47.365N, 122.698W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: a few windows cracked;

a few small objects overturned and fell; several items were

shaken off store shelves.

Westport (RCII=4.9, MMI=5) (98595; 46.884N,

124.106W)—Percentages of effects noted by three internet

respondents: objects toppled over or fell off shelves—

67%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked askew—

33%; hairline cracks in walls—67%.

Whidbey Island Naval Air Station (RCII=4.5, MMI=--)

(98278; 48.295N, 122.690W)—Percentages of effects

noted by 16 internet respondents: difficulty standing or

walking during the earthquake—6%; objects toppled over

or fell off shelves—31%; pictures on walls moved or were

knocked askew—38%; hairline cracks in walls—19%.
54

Woodinville (RCII=5.4, MMI=5) (98072; 47.768N,

122.127W)—Percentages of effects noted by 53 internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—34%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—43%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—60%; furniture or appliances slid, toppled over, or

became displaced—11%; hairline cracks in walls—21%; a

few large cracks in walls—6%; ceiling tiles or lighting

fixtures fell—4%; masonry fell from block or brick

walls—2%.

Woodland (RCII=4.7, MMI=5) (98674; 45.922N,

122.713W)—Percentages of effects noted by nine internet

respondents: difficulty standing or walking during the

earthquake—11%; objects toppled over or fell off

shelves—22%; pictures on walls moved or were knocked

askew—33%; hairline cracks in walls—44%.

Yacolt (RCII=--, MMI=5) (98675; 45.862N, 122.428W)

—Postal questionnaires reported: a few small objects

overturned and fell; a few items were shaken off store

shelves.

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) 

in British Columbia

Burnaby, Cherryville, Chilliwack, Delta, Duncan,

Gibsons, Kelowna, Keremeos, Ladner, Ladysmith,

Lillooet, Merritt, Mission, New Westminster, North

Vancouver, Parksville, Penticton, Port Alberni, Port

Coquitlam, Port Moody, Port Renfrew, Princeton,

Qualicum Beach, Richmond, Saanichton, Sardis,

Squamish, Summerland, Surrey, Vancouver, Victoria, View

Royal, West Vancouver

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) 

in Idaho

Hayden Lake (83835), Sandpoint (83864)

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) 

in Montana

Troy (59935)

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) 

in Oregon

Aloha (N) (97006), Aloha (S) (97007), Amity (97101),

Beaverton (97005), Beaverton (S) (97008), Bend (S)

(97702), Blachly (97412), Boring (97009), Cornelius

(97113), Depoe Bay (97341), Eagle Creek (97022), East

Portland (97214), Forest Grove (97116), Government

Camp (97028), Grand Ronde (97347), Hebo (97122),

Hillsboro (N) (97124), Hillsboro (S) (97123), Hood River

(97031), Hubbard (97032), Kenton (97217), Lake Oswego

(W) (97035), Lakeside (97449), Lents (97266), Lincoln

City (97367), Mcminnville (97128), Midway (97216),

Milwaukie (97222), Monroe (97456), Multnomah

(97219), North Powder (97867), Odell (97044), Oregon

City (97045), Otis (97368), Parkrose (97220), Portland

(Bridlemile) (97221), Portland (Cedar Mill) (97229),

Portland (Downtown) (97204), Portland (Holladay Park)

(97232), Portland (Hollywood) (97213), Portland

(Homestead) (97201), Portland (Int. Airport) (97218),

Portland (Irvington) (97212), Portland (Mt. Tabor Park)

(97215), Portland (N. Downtown) (97209), Portland (NW

Downtown) (97210), Portland (NW Hillside) (97205),

Portland (Overlook Park) (97227), Portland (Powell Butte

Park) (97236), Portland (Reed Coll.) (97202), Portland

(Rockwood) (97233), Portland (St. Johns) (97203),

Portland (Woodstock) (97206), Rickreall (97371),

Rockwood Corners (97230), Saint Paul (97137), Sandy

(97055), Scotts Mills (97375), Sheridan (97378),

Sherwood (97140), The Dalles (97058), Tigard (97223),

Tigard (97224), Tillamook (97141), Tolovana Park

(97145), Troutdale (97060), Tualatin (97062), Vernonia

(97064), Warren (97053), West Slope (97225), Wilsonville

(97070)

RCII 3.5-4.4 (or MMI 4 for communities with no RCII) 

in Washington

Ariel (98603), Bellingham (downtown) (98225),

Bellingham (NE) (98226), Bingen (98605), Camas

(98607), Carlton (98814), Chewelah (99109), Colville

(99114), Connell (99326), Cusick (99119), Deming

(98244), East Wenatchee (98802), Eastsound (98245),

Ellensburg (98926), Everson (98247), Felida (98685),

Ferndale (98248), Ford (99013), Forks (98331), Friday

Harbor (98250), Grandview (98930), Grayland (98547),

Hazel Dell (98665), Ilwaco (98624), Inchelium (99138),

Keller (99140), Lyman (98263), Lynden (98264), Malaga

(98828), Manson (98831), Mead (99021), Moxee City

(98936), Naches (98937), Omak (98841), Orchards

(98662), Pateros (98846), Port Angeles (W) (98363),

Prosser (99350), Quincy (98848), Republic (99166),

Ridgefield (98642), Royal City (99357), Selah (98942),

Stevenson (98648), Sunnyside (98944), Terrace Heights

(98901), Thorp (98946), Tonasket (98855), Trout Lake

(98650), Twisp (98856), Vancouver (Carter Park) (98660),

Vancouver (Cascade Park) (98684), Vancouver (Evergreen

Park) (98661), Vancouver (Leverich Park) (98663),
55

Vancouver (McLaughlin) (98664), Vancouver (Proebstel)

(98682), Washougal (98671), Wenatchee (98801), Wide

Hollow (98908), Yakima (98902), Yakima (SW) (98903)

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII)in

British Columbia

CFB Esquimalt Victor, Comox, Courtenay, Gabriola

Island, Grand Forks, Hope, Kamloops, Nanaimo, Nanoose

Bay, Shawnigan Lake, Sooke, South Surrey, Trail, Union

Bay

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) 

in Idaho

Bonners Ferry (83805), Coeur D’ Alene (83814), Coeur

D’Alene (N) (83815), Fernwood (83830), Moscow

(83843), Naples (83847), Pinehurst (83850), Post Falls

(83854), Priest River (83856), Saint Maries (83861),

White Bird (83554)

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) 

in Montana

Kalispell (59901), Trout Creek (59874)

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) 

in Oregon

Albany (97321), Arlington (97812), Aurora (97002),

Banks (97106), Boardman (97818), Brightwood (97011),

Brooks (97305), Canby (97013), Cascade Locks (97014),

Cheshire (97419), Clackamas (97015), Coos Bay (97420),

Corvallis (97331), Corvallis (N) (97330), Corvallis (S)

(97333), Dallas (97338), Dayton (97114), Deadwood

(97430), Deer Island (97054), Eddyville (97343), Elmira

(97437), Eugene (97401), Eugene (N) (97404), Fairview

(97024), Fossil (97830), Foster (97345), Gresham (N)

(97030), Gresham (S) (97080), Hermiston (97838),

Independence (97351), Lafayette (97127), Lake Oswego

(E) (97034), Lebanon (97355), Logsden (97357), Marcola

(97454), Molalla (97038), Mount Hood (97041), Newberg

(97132), Newport (97365), Oak Grove (97267), Philomath

(97370), Portland (97231), Portland (Concordia) (97211),

Prineville (97754), Reedsport (97467), Rhododendron

(97049), Salem (NE) (97303), Salem (NW) (97304),

Salem (Rosedale) (97306), Salem (S) (97302), Salem (SE)

(97301), Scappoose (97056), Siletz (97380), Silverton

(97381), Southbeach (97366), Toledo (97391), Waldport

(97394), West Linn (97068), Willamina (97396),

Woodburn (97071), Yamhill (97148)

RCII 2.5-3.4 (or MMI 3 for communities with no RCII) 

in Washington

Almira (99103), Amboy (98601), Beverly (99321), Carson

(98610), Cedonia (99137), Chattaroy (99003), Cheney

(99004), Coulee City (99115), Cowiche (98923), Curlew

(99118), Custer (98240), Ephrata (98823), Glenwood

(98619), Granger (98932), Ione (99139), Kennewick (S)

(99337), Kennewick (W) (99338), Klickitat (98628),

Liberty Lake (99019), Loomis (98827), Loon Lake

(99148), Mabton (98935), Mansfield (98830), Marlin

(98832), Mattawa (99349), Mazama (98833), Moses Lake

(98837), Newport (99156), Nine Mile Falls (99026),

Okanogan (98840), Oroville (98844), Othello (99344),

Prescott (99348), Pullman (99163), Quinault (98575),

Rice (99167), Richland (99352), Rosewood (99208),

Spokane (99299), Spokane (99223), Spokane (Audubon

Park) (99205), Spokane (E. Downtown) (99202), Spokane

(Fox Hills) (99207), Spokane (Highland) (99204),

Spokane (Holmberg Park) (99218), Spokane(NE) (99217),

Spokane (Spokane Falls) (99201), Spokane (Trentwood)

(99216), Springdale (99173), Toutle (98649), Underwood

(98651), Vancouver (Fisher) (98683), Veradale (99037),

Wapato (98951), Washington State University (99164),

Washtucna (99371), Wauconda (98859), West Richland

(99353), White Salmon (98672), White Swan (98952),

Winthrop (98862)

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) 

in British Columbia

Powell River, Vernon

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) 

in Idaho

Athol (83801), Boise (83704), Boise (83705), Clark Fork

(83811), Genesee (83832), Lewiston (83501), Moyie

Springs (83845), Rathdrum (83858), Sagle (83860),

Wallace (83873)

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) 

in Montana

Drummond (59832), Heron (59844), Lincoln (59639),

Plains (59859), Polson (59860), Whitefish (59937)
56

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) 

in Oregon

Baker (97814), Bandon (97411), Beaver Creek (97004),

Blue River (97413), Brownsville (97327), Cascadia

(97329), Columbia City (97018), Coquille (97423),

Corbett (97019), Dayville (97825), Estacada (97023),

Eugene (S) (97405), Eugene (SE) (97403), Eugene (W)

(97402), Florence (97439), Gates (97346), Gervais

(97026), Halfway (97834), Halsey (97348), Huntington

(97907), Jefferson (97352), Klamath Falls (97601),

Lexington (97839), Milton-Freewater (97862), Monmouth

(97361), Mosier (97040), Mount Angel (97362), Mulino

(97042), Powell Butte (97753), Prospect (97536),

Roseburg (97470), Rufus (97050), Scio (97374), Shaniko

(97057), Shedd (97377), Spray (97874), Springfield (E)

(97478), Springfield (W) (97477), Stanfield (97875),

Stayton (97383), Swisshome (97480), Tangent (97389),

Terrebonne (97760), Turner (97392), Veneta (97487),

Warm Springs (97761)

RCII 2.0-2.4 (or MMI 2 for communities with no RCII) 

in Washington

Benton City (99320), Bickleton (99322), Evans (99126),

Fairchild Air Force Base (99011), Harrington (99134),

Hartline (99135), Kennewick (99336), La Crosse (99143),

Lowden (99360), Manito (99203), Mesa (99343),

Northport (99157), Palouse (99161), Pasco (99301),

Paterson (99345), Rock Island (98850), Saint John

(99171), Spokane (99212), Spokane (Chester) (99206),

Spokane (Spokane Falls CC) (99224), Sprague (99032),

Tekoa (99033), Tieton (98947), Toppenish (98948),

Waitsburg (99361), Walla Walla (99362), Warden (98857),

Zillah (98953)

Acknowledgements

John Cassidy and Stephen Halchuk of the Geological Survey of Canada

provided Canadian macroseismic observations.

We thank the more than 12,000 people who volunteered macroseismic

information to the CII Web-site.

We thank Bill Bakun and Sue Hough for helpful reviews.

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References to newspapers are given in the body of the text

in the format: (Newspaper name or abbreviation,

month/day/year). The following abbreviations are used for

newspapers: “Chronicle”—The Chronicle,

Centralia/Chehalis, Wash.; “News Tribune”—The

(Tacoma, Wash.) News Tribune; “Olympian”—The

(Olympia, Wash.) Olympian; ); “Post-Intelligencer”—

The Seattle Post-Intelligencer; “Times”—The Seattle

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2001: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute,

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Western Mountain Region: MSA-126, April-June

1965, 129 p.

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