NUREG/IA-0231

 International 

Agreement Report

An Assessment of TRACE 

V4.160 Code Against PACTEL 

ATWS-10 – 13 and ATWS-20 – 21 

Pressurizer Experiments

Prepared by:

E. Takasuo

VTT Processes

P.O.B. 1604

02044 VTT

Finland 

A. Calvo, NRC Project Manager 

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Washington, DC 20555-0001

June 2010 

Prepared as part of

The Agreement on Research Participation and Technical Exchange 

Under the International Code Assessment and Maintenance Program (CAMP)

 

Published by

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
ABSTRACT 

In this report an assessment of TRACE V4.160 against six pressurizer separate effect 

tests, namely PACTEL ATWS-10 - 13 and ATWS-20 – 21, is presented. The tests were 

conducted at the PACTEL test facility as a part of the ATWS test series in 1998 and they 

consist of four insurge-outsurge transients and two spray transients. A pressurizer model 

which consists of a 30-node pressurizer component, a surge line, a spray line and a 

powered heat structure to simulate the pressurizer wall and heaters was used in the 

simulations. A brief description of the test facility is also given. 

The insurge-outsurge test simulation results show a slightly exaggerated peak pressure 

which may be due to underestimated wall condensation in the insurge. In the simulations 

in which the effectiveness of spray was studied a relatively good agreement between the 

simulation results and the experimental results was found. 

iii 
CONTENTS 

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii 

ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... vii 

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 

2 TEST FACILITY AND EXPERIMENTS ....................................................................... 3 

2.1 PACTEL Facility ....................................................................................................... 3 

2.2 PACTEL Pressurizer component ............................................................................... 4 

2.2.1 PACTEL ATWS-10 – 13 ...................................................................................... 6 

2.2.2 PACTEL ATWS-20 - 21 ...................................................................................... 7 

3 TRACE MODEL .............................................................................................................. 9 

3.1 Heat structures ......................................................................................................... 10 

3.2 Simulation set-up ..................................................................................................... 11 

4 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................... 13 

4.1 ATWS-10 ................................................................................................................. 13 

4.2 ATWS-11 ................................................................................................................. 14 

4.3 ATWS-12 ................................................................................................................. 15 

4.4 ATWS-13 ................................................................................................................. 16 

4.5 ATWS-20 ................................................................................................................. 17 

4.6 ATWS-21 ................................................................................................................. 18 

5 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 21 

6 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 23 

APPENDICES 

A. Model input files 

ATWS-10 input file ..................................................................................................... A-1 

ATWS-20 input file ................................................................................................... A-10

FIGURES 

FIGURE 1. PACTEL TEST FACILITY ............................................................................. 3 

FIGURE 2. SCHEMATIC OF THE PRESSURIZER OF THE PACTEL TEST 

FACILITY. .................................................................................................................. 5 

FIGURE 3. PACTEL PRESSURIZER SPRAY NOZZLE ................................................. 6 

FIGURE 4. SNAP SCHEMATIC OF THE PACTEL PRESSURIZER ........................... 10 

FIGURE 5. PRESSURE DURING THE ATWS-10 TRANSIENT .................................. 14 

FIGURE 6. PRESSURE DURING THE ATWS-11 TRANSIENT .................................. 15 

v 
vi 

FIGURE 7. PRESSURE DURING THE ATWS-12 TRANSIENT .................................. 16 

FIGURE 8. PRESSURE DURING THE ATWS-13 TRANSIENT .................................. 17 

FIGURE 9. PRESSURE DURING THE ATWS-20 TRANSIENT .................................. 18 

FIGURE 10. PRESSURE DURING THE ATWS-21 TRANSIENT ................................ 19 

TABLES

TABLE 1. INITIAL PARAMETERS FOR THE ATWS 10 – 13 TESTS. ......................... 6 

TABLE 2. OPERATOR ACTIONS DURING THE EXPERIMENTS. ............................. 7 

TABLE 3. INITIAL PARAMETERS FOR THE ATWS – 20-21 TESTS. ........................ 7 

TABLE 4. OPERATOR ACTIONS DURING THE EXPERIMENTS. ............................. 8 
ABBREVIATIONS 

ATWS Anticipated Transient Without Scram 

BWR Boiling Water Reactor 

CAMP Thermal Hydraulic Code Applications and Maintenance Program 

ECCS Emergency Core Cooling System 

FINNUS Finnish Research Program on Nuclear Power Plant Safety 1999-2002 

PACTEL Parallel Channel Test Loop 

PRIZER TRACE pressurizer component 

PWR Pressurized Water Reactor 

RELAP Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program 

RETU Finnish Research Program on Reactor Safety 1995-1998 

SAFIR Finnish Research Program on Nuclear Power Plant Safety 2003-2006 

TRAC Transient Reactor Analysis Code 

TRACE TRAC/RELAP Advanced Computational Engine 

USNRC Unites States Nuclear Regulatory Commission 

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland 

VVER Russian type of PWR 

vii 
1 INTRODUCTION 

The PACTEL integral test facility located at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, 

Finland, which is designed to model the thermal hydraulic behavior of a VVER-440 

PWR, was used for pressurizer experiments as a part of the second series of the ATWS 

experiments conducted in 1998. The test series was a part of the TEKOJA project under 

the national reactor safety program RETU. The RETU program was followed by 

FINNUS in 1999 and SAFIR in 2003, the current program in the series of national 

research programs on nuclear safety. 

The pressurizer experiments included four insurge-outsurge tests in which the objective 

was to study steam compressibility under fast nearly isentropic compression and two 

spray tests to investigate the effect of the pressurizer spray. During the tests the primary 

loop and the other parts of the facility are used only to provide water into or remove water 

from the pressurizer through the surge line or the spray line, thus the tests can be 

examined as separate effect pressurizer tests. 

The test facility contains a relatively comprehensive instrumentation and the tests are very 

well documented in comparison to the other pressurizer tests of which data is available 

and which are collected together in the OECD Separate Effect Test Validation Matrix 

(Aksan et al., 1993). The tests listed in the Validation Matrix are also remarkably older 

than the PACTEL ATWS tests. Being more recent and documented in detail, the 

PACTEL tests provide a valuable addition to the assessment case database of TRACE 

and other thermal hydraulic codes. 

In this report, a study on the capability of the TRACE V4.160 code to predict pressurizer 

behavior during transients against the background provided by the experimental data of 

the PACTEL ATWS tests is presented. The PRIZER component of TRACE is used to 

represent the pressurizer in the simulations. TRACE has been designed to perform bestestimate analyses of loss of coolant accidents, operational transients and other accident 

scenarios in PWRs, BWRs and experimental facilities designed to simulate transients in 

reactor systems. The code is the latest in the series of advanced codes developed at the 

USNRC. The aim of the TRACE code development is to consolidate the capabilities of 

the legacy codes, TRAC-P, TRAC-B and RELAP into a modernized code whose models 

include i.e. 3D flow calculation simulation in the reactor vessel, generalized heat transfer, 

reflood and level tracking. 

1 
2 TEST FACILITY AND EXPERIMENTS 

2.1 PACTEL Facility 

The PACTEL test facility is a three-loop volume-scaled test facility designed to model 

the thermal hydraulic behavior of the Soviet-design VVER-440 reactors currently in 

operation in Loviisa, Finland. The volume scaling ratio of the facility is 1:305 but the 

major components of the facility preserve a 1:1 elevation equivalence to the reference 

reactor to ensure that the gravitational forces are equal to the reference reactor. The 

facility consists of a primary system, the secondary sides of steam generators and the 

ECCS. The maximum thermal power of the facility is 1 MW and the maximum operating 

pressure and temperature 8.0 MPa and 300oC, respectively. A general view of the facility 

is presented in Fig. 1. (Tuunanen et al., 1998) 

Figure 1. PACTEL test facility (Tuunanen et al., 1998).

3 
2.2 PACTEL Pressurizer component 

The pressurizer component of the PACTEL test facility is a steel container with the total 

height of 8.8 m and the inner diameter of 13.97 cm. The pressurizer surge line is 

connected to the Loop 1 of the facility, and a spray line is installed on the top of the tank. 

The pressurizer is made of two parts of equal diameter which are joined with flanges. The 

total heater power of the pressurizer is 13 kW which is distributed by three electrical 

heaters whose nominal powers are 2 kW, 4 kW and 7 kW (Tuunanen et al., 1998). The 

schematic of the PACTEL pressurizer is shown in Fig. 2 and the spray nozzle in Fig. 3. 

The instrumentation of the test facility consists of temperature, pressure, differential 

pressure and flow transducers. In the pressurizer, there are seven fluid temperature 

measurements located in the centerline of the pressurizer, four structure temperature 

measurements, three of which are at the heaters and one in the upper part of the 

pressurizer, and six differential pressure transducers. A pressure transducer is installed on 

the top of the pressurizer. The temperature measurements of the facility use K-type 

mineral insulated thermocouples with the diameter varying from 0.5 mm to 3 mm, 

depending on the measurement location. (Tuunanen et al., 1998) 

4 
Figure 2. Schematic of the pressurizer of the PACTEL test facility (Tuunanen et al., 1998). 

5 
Figure 3. PACTEL pressurizer spray nozzle (Tuunanen et al., 1998).

2.2.1 PACTEL ATWS-10 – 13 

The objective of the insurge experiments from ATWS-10 to ATWS-13 was to study 

steam compression under fast nearly isentropic compression. The procedure of the 

experiments was as follows. At first, a 100 s steady-state period was run with the heater 

power being 4 kW. At 100 s the heater was switched off and injection of nearly saturated 

water into the pressurizer using the high pressure piston pump began. A suitable core 

power was maintained to prevent the cooling of the facility. When the pressure was 

reaching 7.8 MPa the injection was stopped and draining began. A draining valve of 2 

mm in diameter was opened in the cold leg. The primary circuit and the other components 

of the facility were used only to inject and drain water to and from the pressurizer. A low 

core power was maintained to prevent cooling of the facility. The initial state at the 

beginning of the experiments is given in Table 1. The operator actions during the 

experiments are presented in Table 2. (Riikonen, 1998). 

Table 1. Initial parameters for the ATWS 10 – 13 tests. 

Parameter ATWS-10 ATWS-11 ATWS-12 ATWS-13 

Pressure 5.9 MPa 5.9 MPa 6.0 MPa 6.0 Mpa 

Water level 3.3 m 3.5 m 3.5 m 5.0 m 

Mass flow rate 0.367 kg/s 0.217 kg/s 0.100 kg/s 0.100 kg/s 

Core power 380 kW 245 kW 150 kW 150 kW 

6 
Table 2. Operator actions during the experiments.

Event ATWS-10 ATWS-11 ATWS-12 ATWS-13 

Test begins 0 s 0 s 0 s 0 s 

Heaters off 100 s 100 s 100 s 100 s 

Power increase 116 s 111 s 109 s 109 s 

Insurge on 120 s 119 s 117 s 119 s 

Insurge stopped 221 s 297 s 570 s 444 s 

Draining begins 221 s 297 s 580 s 444 s 

Core power off 221 s 305 s 602 s 456 s 

Draining ends 407 s 502 s 813 s 593 s 

End of test 500 s 600 s 1000 s 700 s 

The analysis of the relationship between steam pressure and volume during a polytropic 

process showed that the steam reality coefficient ranged from 0.70 to 0.82. The highest 

values were obtained for the fastest process (ATWS-10) and the smallest for the slowest 

process (ATWS-13). The steam temperature was observed to follow the saturation 

temperature until at the end of the expansion the steam began to superheat slightly. 

During compression the condensed mass was 56%-64% of the initial mass. At the end of 

the experiment the steam mass was reduced to 82%-89% of the initial value. (Riikonen, 

1998) 

2.2.2 PACTEL ATWS-20 - 21 

The effect of the pressurizer spray was studied in the experiments ATWS-20 and ATWS21. After a steady-state period water (20◦C-25◦C) was sprayed to the pressurizer through 

the spray line. The pressurizer heaters were controlled by automation. The spray was 

stopped when the pressure was reaching 6.0 MPa. In the ATWS-20 experiment all the 

heaters were on at 660s and the pressure began to increase. To prevent further pressure 

increase the heaters were switched off between 890 s and 906 s (Riikonen, 1998). The 

initial state and the operator actions during the test are given in Tables 3 and 4, 

respectively. Table 3. Initial parameters for the ATWS – 20-21 tests.

Parameter ATWS-20 ATWS-21 

Pressure 7.5 MPa 7.5 MPa 

Water level 5.6 m 5.6 m 

Mass flow rate 0.00667 kg/s 0.0167 kg/s 

7 
Table 4. Operator actions during the experiments.

Event ATWS-20 ATWS-21 

Test begins 0 s 0 s 

Spray on 100 s 200 s 

7 kW heater off 890 s - 

4 kW heater off 903 s - 

2 kW heater off 906 s - 

Spray off 1500 s 1220 s 

End of test 1500 s 1220 s 

Similarly to the previous tests, the steam temperature followed saturation temperature. In 

addition to the spray condensation, there was condensation of steam on the pressurizer 

walls and on the water surface. The condensed mass was 35%-55% of the initial mass. 

(Riikonen, 1998) 

8 
3 TRACE MODEL 

The PRIZER component is designed to represent the pressurizer in TRACE and it is also 

used in the current study. Normally, the PRIZER models the pressurizer reservoir, with 

the connecting surge line modeled by a PIPE or TEE component. The PRIZER 

component can be connected by its both junctions to other 1D hydraulic components. The 

PRIZER component provides special functions for steady-state calculations. These are 

simulation of a BREAK component to set the system pressure and to permit the fluid to 

swell or contact as a response to temperature changes, without requiring the user to model 

these boundary conditions separately, and calculation of the effects of gravity head and 

thermal non-equilibrium in the fluid to prevent small secondary transients at the 

beginning of a transient calculation. The PRIZER component provides a representation of 

heaters and sprays by manipulating the energy deposited in or extracted from the liquid in 

the tank. The component creates a vertical stack of cells and calculates a collapsed liquid 

level. (Spore et al., 2000) 

In the PRIZER component the operation of heaters and spray is controlled by a userdefined heater cutoff level and a user-defined pressure setpoint. In the case of spray the 

model is not fully mechanistic because a) the reduction in pressure relies on condensation 

of steam on the liquid pool surface as opposed to the spray itself, b) removing energy 

from the liquid results in artificially sub-cooling the entire water pool, c) there is net 

energy extraction from the PRIZER which does not actually occur and d) there are no 

mass flows associated with the spray in the PRIZER. For these reasons, the pressurizer 

spray is modeled by a separate boundary condition on top of the PRIZER component. A 

separate power component is also used to model the pressurizer heaters. 

The surge line is modeled by a three-cell pipe. At the beginning of the line which 

represents the connection to the loop there is a boundary condition component FILL. This 

is a mass-flow type boundary condition used for both defining the insurge mass flow rate 

and outsurge rate. The mass flow table option of the FILL is used to determine the 

changes in the flow rate with respect to time throughout the simulation. Usually, the 

BREAK component which imposes a pressure boundary condition is used to define the 

outflow. In this case, however, it is considered more convenient to set the outsurge flow 

rate directly to correspond the exact average flow rate measured at the facility, rather than 

attempt to model the actual geometry and flow resistance of the discharge orifice to 

obtain the appropriate flow rate. 

The graphical user interface SNAP is used for model construction and simulation control. 

A SNAP layout of the 30-cell model is shown in Fig. 13. The nodalization of the 

PRIZER, the surge line and the spray line can also be seen in the figure. The input files 

for the ATWS-10 and ATWS-20 cases are presented in Appendix 1. The input files for 

the other transients are similar to these files, except for the values for the initial and 

boundary conditions which are set according to Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. 

9 
Figure 4. SNAP schematic of the PACTEL pressurizer including the FILL for surge line injection 

(11), the surge line and the FILL for spray (111). The width-length ratio of the PRIZER is 2:1.

3.1 Heat structures 

The wall is divided into five radial heat transfer nodes and 30 axial nodes. The wall is 

simulated using a cylindrical heat structure component attached to the PRIZER. The axial 

conduction option is enabled as well as the liquid level tracking. A boundary condition 

for a constant heat transfer coefficient is defined at the outer surface of the heat structure 

which is in contact with the surroundings. A constant temperature of 25oC is given to the 

10 
11 

surroundings and the heat transfer coefficient between the inside wall and the 

environment is calculated from the evaluated heat loss of the facility under normal 

operation temperature. The coefficient for the PACTEL pressurizer is 3.44 W/(m2K). A 

power component of the type “Table lookup power” is created and connected to the heat 

structure to represent the pressurizer heaters. 

3.2 Simulation set-up 

The maximum timestep used in the simulations was 0.05 s and the number of pressure 

iterations was 20. The default criterion of 0.0001 was used for pressure convergence. The 

interval for writing to the graphics output file used for plotting the results was 0.5 s. 
4 RESULTS 

In this chapter the code simulation results are compared to the experimental data and a 

brief analysis of the results is presented for each case. 

4.1 ATWS-10 

The measured and the calculated pressure during the ATWS-10 transient are shown in 

Fig. 5. TRACE calculation shows a slightly higher maximum pressure than was 

measured. The deviation is approximately 0.6 MPa. The final pressure is somewhat lower 

than the initial pressure since heat is lost through the pressurizer walls to the environment. 

The accuracy of the pressure measurement for this particular test according to the routine 

error estimates which are run for each PACTEL test was ±0.094 MPa at most. This is also 

true for the other experiments presented here. 

During an insurge transient the dominating heat transfer mechanism is condensation of 

steam at the pressurizer walls. As a result of the piston effect, in which a saturated layer is 

formed on top of the pool surface isolating the steam volume from the cooler insurge 

water, the condensation at the phase interface is practically negligible. The slightly 

exaggerated pressure increase may be due to the inaccuracy of the heat transfer 

correlation used by the code for the flow condition present in the test. According to the 

TRAC-M (TRACE) Theory Manual (Spore et al., 2000) the heat transfer correlation for 

wall condensation for low Reynolds numbers, which is based on a theoretical analysis by 

Nusselt, underestimates the wall condensation by approximately 20% and the 

condensation might not be able to limit the pressure rise effectively. 

13 
Figure 5. Pressure during the ATWS-10 transient.

4.2 ATWS-11 

The ATWS-11 pressure calculation is compared to the experimental data in Fig. 6. The 

calculated and measured pressure curves are very similar to the ATWS-10 transient. In 

this test the insurge flow rate is smaller than in the previous experiment and the pressure 

rise is not as rapid. At around 200 s into the test the calculated pressure starts to increase 

more rapidly than the measured pressure resulting in a 0.6 MPa higher peak pressure than 

was measured at the test facility. 

The pressure drop during the outsurge period is computed accurately, ending to a steadystate with the pressure being around 5.4 MPa. During the outsurge phase the steam is 

expanded, the pressure drops and the governing heat transfer mechanism is flashing of 

water to steam which starts when the decreasing saturation temperature reaches the water 

temperature and water becomes superheated. 

14 
Figure 6. Pressure during the ATWS-11 transient.

4.3 ATWS-12 

In this experiment the insurge flow rate is remarkably lower than in the previous 

transients. The pressure comparison is shown in Fig. 7. The peak pressure is predicted to 

be approximately 1.1 MPa higher than the measured peak pressure which is a significant 

deviation. 

15 
Figure 7. Pressure during the ATWS-12 transient.

4.4 ATWS-13 

In this experiment the insurge flow rate is the same as in the ATWS-12 transient but the 

initial water level is higher. The calculated pressure shows an even greater deviation from 

the measured pressure as seen in Fig. 8. The TRACE simulation predicts the maximum 

pressure to be as much as 1.5 MPa higher. 

The error in the pressure behavior increases when the insurge mass flow is decreased and 

the process is slower. The cause for this observation is not clear. One possibility is that 

the heat losses are not calculated correctly when the temperature inside the container 

increases. When the transient is fast the heat losses to the environment have very little 

effect on the system behavior but their effect becomes more significant in the case of 

slow processes. The difference between the initial and final pressures gives an idea of the 

total heat losses in the process and it seems to correlate with the measured data. It seems 

unlikely that inaccuracy in the heat loss calculation could cause such a large deviation 

since the pressure behavior is not very sensitive to the heat lost through the pressurizer 

walls. 

16 
Figure 8. Pressure during the ATWS-13 transient.

4.5 ATWS-20 

The measured pressure and the calculated pressure for the ATWS-20 spray transient are 

presented in Fig. 9. TRACE predicts the pressure decrease phases between 100 s – 660 s 

and 900 s – 1500 s with a very good accuracy. At 660 s, when the pressure has decreased 

to about 7.1 MPa the 7 kW heater is turned on and the full heater power of 13 kW is 

utilized. Because of this the pressure increases until all the heaters are switched off at 

around 900 s according to Table 4. TRACE predicts the pressure rise during this period to 

be too rapid. 

17 
Figure 9. Pressure during the ATWS-20 transient.

4.6 ATWS-21 

The simulation of this simple transient shows a good agreement with the measured 

pressure as seen in Fig. 10. The deviation is 0.1 MPa at most throughout the transient 

which is a remarkably accurate result, taking into account that the error in the pressure 

measurement might be close to 0.1 MPa according to the error estimates. The reported 

maximum error in the spray mass flow rate measurement is ±0.000793 kg/s. 

In this case all the heaters are on from approximately 400 s on but the spray rate is high 

enough to keep the pressure decreasing steadily. 

18 
19 

Figure 10. Pressure during the ATWS-21 transient.
5 CONCLUSIONS 

The simulation results obtained for the slow insurge followed by an outsurge transients 

(ATWS-10 and ATWS-11) are in relatively good agreement with the experimental 

results. The deviation from the experimental results becomes greater in the ATWS-12 and 

ATWS-13 cases. The cause of this discrepancy is not clear. One possible explanation is 

that the heat losses during the temperature increase in the pressurizer are not accurately 

computed since the contribution of the heat losses to the system behavior becomes more 

important in slower processes. 

Generally, TRACE slightly exaggerates the pressure increase for the insurge transients. 

This may indicate that the wall condensation during the compression of steam is 

underestimated. A further assessment of the heat transfer correlations used in the code for 

the PRIZER component and possibly incorporating a more suitable correlation for wall 

condensation could improve the pressurizer calculation. Keeping in mind that the ability 

of thermal hydraulic codes to predict phenomena occurring in the pressurizer such as 

spray injection has generally not been good since the models are not fully mechanistic 

and there are aspects which are not taken into account in the models, there is a potential to 

significantly improve the performance of the pressurizer model in these types of separate 

effect test simulations by incorporating more detailed heat transfer models into the code. 

The simulation results obtained for spray transients ATWS-20 and ATWS-21 agree well 

with the experimental results. An exception is the pressure rise which is too rapid in the 

ATWS-20 transient during the period when all the heaters are on. Based on the results, a 

simple spray transient, without simultaneous insurge or outsurge flows in the surge line or 

rapid heater-induced enthalpy changes, is accurately computed by TRACE. To complete 

the validation of the TRACE pressurizer model separate calculations on more complex 

cases such as simultaneous insurge and spray cooling are recommended. 

The model built for current simulation has some drawbacks. A single channel pressurizer 

was used in all the cases but it is not capable of simulating convection in the water 

volume and mixing of hot and cold water which may be of importance in cases where 

heaters play an important role on the overall heat transfer processes in the system. 

21 
6 REFERENCES 

Aksan, N., D’Auria, F., Glaeser, H., Pochard, R., Richards, C., Sjoberg, A. 1993. 

OECD/NEA-CSNI Separate Effects Test Matrix for Thermal-hydraulic Code Validation. 

Volume 1. Phenomena Characterisation and Selection of Facilities and Tests. 

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OCDE/GD (94)/82. Paris. 

678 p. 

Riikonen, V. 1998. ATWS Experiments with PACTEL: Pressurizer Experiments. Espoo, 

VTT Energy, TEKOJA 1/98. 11 p. 

Spore, J.W., Elson, J.S., Jolly-Woodruff, S.J., Knight T.D., Lin, J.-C., Nelson, R.A., 

Pasamehmetoglu, K.O., Steinke, R.G., Unal, C., Mahaffy, J.H., Murray, C. 2000. TRACM/FORTRAN 90 (Version 3.0) Theory Manual. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los 

Alamos. LA-UR-00-910. 923 p. 

TRACE V4.160 User’s Manual. Volume 1: Input Specification. 2005. USNRC, Division 

of System Analysis and Regulatory Effectiveness. Washington DC. 600 p. 

Tuunanen, J., Kouhia, J., Purhonen, H., Riikonen, V., Puustinen, M., Semken, R.S., 

Partanen, H., Saure, I., Pylkkö, H. 1998. General description of the PACTEL test facility. 

Espoo, VTT, VTT Tiedote – Research Note No. 1929. 35 p. 

23 
APPENDIX A 

MODEL INPUT FILES 
ATWS-10 input file 

free format 

* 

************* 

* main data * 

************* 

* 

* numtcr ieos inopt nmat id2o 

 1 0 1 0 0 

* 

* 

***************** 

* namelist data * 

***************** 

* 

 &inopts 

 dtstrt=-1.0, 

 iconht=0, 

 nsdl=0, 

 nsdu=500, 

 nspl=0, 

 nspu=500, 

 usesjc=3, 

 npower=1, 

 nhtstr=1, 

 igas=1 

 &end 

* 

*************** 

* Model Flags * 

*************** 

* 

* dstep timet 

 0 0.0 

* stdyst transi ncomp njun ipak 

 0 1 8 5 0 

* epso epss 

 1.0E-4 1.0E-4 

* oitmax sitmax isolut ncontr nccfl 

 20 10 0 0 0 

* ntsv ntcb ntcf ntrp ntcp 

 1 0 0 0 0 

* 

************************* 

* component-number data * 

************************* 

* 

* iorder* 1 11 61 71 111s 

* iorder* 121 131 141e 

* 

* 

************************************************** 

* Starting Signal Variable Section of Model * 

************************************************** 

* 

* idsv isvn ilcn icn1 icn2 

 1 0 0 0 0 

************************************************** 

* Finished Signal Variable Section of Model * 

************************************************** 

* 

* 

* 

* 

A-1
******* type num userid component name 

prizer 1 1 unnamed 

* ncells nodes jun1 jun2 

 30 0 12 10 

* ichf iconc qp3in 

 1 0 0.0 

* radin th houtl houtv toutl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* toutv qheat pset dpmax zhtr 

 0.0 0.0 6.0E6 1.0E6 7.0 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333e 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3e 

* fa * 5.85349E-4 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 7.1E-5e 

* fric * 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.1e 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0e 

* hd * 0.0273 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 3.0E-3e 

* nff * 1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 1e 

* alp * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* alp * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

A-2
* alp * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.75s 

* alp * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* alp * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* alp * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* alp * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* alp * 1.0 1.0e 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0e 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0e 

* tl * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tl * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tl * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tl * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tl * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tl * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tl * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tl * 547.64 547.64e 

* tv * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tv * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tv * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tv * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tv * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tv * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tv * 547.64 547.64 547.64 547.64s 

* tv * 547.64 547.64e 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6s 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6s 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6s 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6s 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6s 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6s 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6 5.9E6s 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6e 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0e 

* 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

fill 11 1 unnamed 

* jun1 ifty ioff 

 11 5 0 

* iftr ifsv nftb nfsv nfrf 

 0 1 7 1 0 

* twtold rfmx concin felv 

 0.0 1.0E20 0.0 0.0 

* dxin volin alpin vlin tlin 

 3.15 1.843851E-3 0.0 0.0 547.0 

* pin pain flowin vvin tvin 

 5.9E6 0.0 0.0 0.0 547.0 

A-3
* vmscl vvscl 

 1.0 1.0 

* 

* vmtbl * 0.0 0.0s 

* vmtbl * 119.0 0.0s 

* vmtbl * 120.0 0.3666s 

* vmtbl * 220.0 0.3666s 

* vmtbl * 221.0 -0.215s 

* vmtbl * 406.0 -0.215s 

* vmtbl * 407.0 0.0e 

* 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

pipe 61 1 unnamed 

* ncells nodes jun1 jun2 epsw 

 2 0 11 1 0.0 

* nsides 

 0 

* ichf iconc iacc ipow npipes 

 1 0 0 0 1 

* radin th houtl houtv toutl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* toutv pwin pwoff rpwmx pwscl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* dx * 3.15 3.15e 

* vol * 1.84385E-3 1.84385E-3e 

* fa * 5.85349E-4 5.85349E-4 5.85349E-4e 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.1e 

* grav * -1.0 0.0 0.0e 

* hd * 0.0273 0.0273 0.0273e 

* nff * 1 1 1e 

* alp * 0.0 0.0e 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0e 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0e 

* tl * 547.64 547.64e 

* tv * 547.64 547.64e 

* p * 5.9E6 5.9E6e 

* pa * 0.0 0.0e 

* 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

pipe 71 1 unnamed 

* ncells nodes jun1 jun2 epsw 

 1 0 1 12 0.0 

* nsides 

 0 

* ichf iconc iacc ipow npipes 

 1 0 0 0 1 

* radin th houtl houtv toutl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* toutv pwin pwoff rpwmx pwscl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* dx * 1.47e 

* vol * 8.60464E-4e 

* fa * 5.85349E-4 5.85349E-4e 

* fric * 0.1 0.1e 

* grav * 0.0 1.0e 

* hd * 0.0273 0.0273e 

* nff * 1 1e 

* alp * 0.0e 

* vl * 0.0 0.0e 

* vv * 0.0 0.0e 

* tl * 547.64e 

* tv * 547.64e 

* p * 5.9E6e 

* pa * 0.0e 

* 

* 

A-4
******* type num userid component name 

fill 111 1 unnamed 

* jun1 ifty ioff 

 9 2 0 

* twtold rfmx concin felv 

 0.0 1.0E20 0.0 0.0 

* dxin volin alpin vlin tlin 

 0.3 1.756048E-4 0.0 0.0 547.0 

* pin pain flowin vvin tvin 

 5.9E6 0.0 0.0 0.0 547.0 

* 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

pipe 121 1 unnamed 

* ncells nodes jun1 jun2 epsw 

 1 0 10 9 0.0 

* nsides 

 0 

* ichf iconc iacc ipow npipes 

 1 0 0 0 1 

* radin th houtl houtv toutl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* toutv pwin pwoff rpwmx pwscl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* dx * 0.3e 

* vol * 1.75605E-4e 

* fa * 7.1E-5 7.1E-5e 

* fric * 0.1 0.1e 

* grav * 1.0 1.0e 

* hd * 3.0E-3 3.0E-3e 

* nff * 1 1e 

* alp * 1.0e 

* vl * 0.0 0.0e 

* vv * 0.0 0.0e 

* tl * 547.64e 

* tv * 547.64e 

* p * 5.9E6e 

* pa * 0.0e 

* 

* 

******************************************** 

* Starting Heat Structure Section of Model * 

******************************************** 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

htstr 131 0 unnamed 

* nzhstr ittc hscyl ichf 

 30 0 1 1 

* nopowr plane liqlev iaxcnd 

 0 3 1 1 

* nmwrx nfci nfcil hdri hdro 

 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 

* nhot nodes irftr nzmax irftr2 

 0 5 0 100 0 

* dtxht(1) dtxht(2) dznht hgapo 

 2.0 10.0 1.0E-3 6300.0 

* 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2e 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

A-5
* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1e 

* hcomon1 * 1 1 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 2 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 3 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 4 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 5 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 6 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 7 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 8 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 9 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 10 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 11 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 12 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 13 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 14 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 15 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 16 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 17 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 18 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 19 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 20 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 21 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 22 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 23 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 24 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 25 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 26 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 27 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 28 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 29 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 30 0 0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

A-6
* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333e 

* rdx * 1.0e 

* radrd * 0.06985 0.073425 0.077 0.080575 0.08415e 

* matrd * 6 6 6 6e 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1e 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0 547.0 547.0s 

* rftn * 547.0 547.0e 

* fpuo2 * 0.0e 

* ftd * 1.0e 

* gmix * f 0.0e 

* gmles * 0.0e 

* pgapt * 0.0e 

* plvol * 0.0 e 

* pslen * 0.0 e 

* clenn * 0.0 e 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

A-7
* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0e 

******************************************** 

* Finished Heat Structure Section of Model * 

******************************************** 

* 

* 

* 

* 

***************************************** 

* Starting Power Components * 

***************************************** 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

power 141 1 unnamed 

* numpwr chanpow 

 1 0 

* htnum * 131e 

* irpwty ndgx ndhx nrts nhist 

 6 0 0 10 0 

* irpwtr irpwsv nrpwtb nrpwsv nrpwrf 

 0 1 3 0 0 

* izpwtr izpwsv nzpwtb nzpwsv nzpwrf 

 0 1 1 0 0 

* ipwrad ipwdep promheat decaheat wtbypass 

 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* nzpwz nzpwi nfbpwt nrpwr nrpwi 

 0 0 0 1 0 

* react tneut rpwoff rrpwmx rpwscl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0E20 1.0 

* rpowri zpwin zpwoff rzpwmx 

 4000.0 0.0 -1.0E19 1.0E20 

* extsou pldr pdrat fucrac 

 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 

* rdpwr * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0e 

* cpowr * 1.0e 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0e 

* rpwtbr* 0.0 4000.0s 

A-8
* rpwtbr* 99.0 4000.0s 

* rpwtbr* 100.0 0.0e 

***************************************** 

* Finished Power Components * 

***************************************** 

* 

* 

* 

end 

* 

***************** 

* Timestep Data * 

***************** 

* dtmin dtmax tend rtwfp powerc 

 1.0E-6 0.05 500.0 10.0 0.0 

* edint gfint dmpint sedint 

 10.0 0.5 100.0 1.0 

* 

* endflag

 -1.0

A-9
ATWS-20 input file 

free format 

* 

************* 

* main data * 

************* 

* 

* numtcr ieos inopt nmat id2o 

 1 0 1 0 0 

* 

* 

***************** 

* namelist data * 

***************** 

* 

 &inopts 

 dtstrt=0.05, 

 iconht=0, 

 nsdl=0, 

 nsdu=500, 

 nspl=0, 

 nspu=500, 

 usesjc=3, 

 npower=1, 

 nhtstr=1, 

 igas=1 

 &end 

* 

*************** 

* Model Flags * 

*************** 

* 

* dstep timet 

 0 0.0 

* stdyst transi ncomp njun ipak 

 0 1 8 5 0 

* epso epss 

 1.0E-4 1.0E-4 

* oitmax sitmax isolut ncontr nccfl 

 20 10 0 0 0 

* ntsv ntcb ntcf ntrp ntcp 

 1 0 0 0 0 

* 

************************* 

* component-number data * 

************************* 

* 

* iorder* 1 11 61 71 111s 

* iorder* 121 131 141e 

* 

* 

************************************************** 

* Starting Signal Variable Section of Model * 

************************************************** 

* 

* idsv isvn ilcn icn1 icn2 

 1 0 0 0 0 

************************************************** 

* Finished Signal Variable Section of Model * 

************************************************** 

* 

* 

* 

A-10
* 

******* type num userid component name 

prizer 1 1 unnamed 

* ncells nodes jun1 jun2 

 30 0 12 10 

* ichf iconc qp3in 

 1 0 0.0 

* radin th houtl houtv toutl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* toutv qheat pset dpmax zhtr 

 0.0 0.0 6.0E6 1.0E6 7.0 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dx * 0.2933333 0.2933333e 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3s 

* vol * 4.49618E-3 4.49618E-3e 

* fa * 5.85349E-4 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279 0.0153279s 

* fa * 0.0153279 0.0153279 7.1E-5e 

* fric * 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.1e 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* grav * 1.0 1.0 1.0e 

* hd * 0.0273 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397 0.1397s 

* hd * 0.1397 0.1397 3.0E-3e 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 -1 -1s 

* nff * -1 -1 1e 

* alp * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

A-11
* alp * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* alp * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* alp * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* alp * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9091s 

* alp * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* alp * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0s 

* alp * 1.0 1.0e 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0e 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0e 

* tl * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tl * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tl * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tl * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tl * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tl * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tl * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tl * 563.685 563.685e 

* tv * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tv * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tv * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tv * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tv * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tv * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tv * 563.685 563.685 563.685 563.685s 

* tv * 563.685 563.685e 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6s 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6s 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6s 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6s 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6s 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6s 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6 7.5E6s 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6e 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* pa * 0.0 0.0e 

* 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

fill 11 1 unnamed 

* jun1 ifty ioff 

 11 2 0 

* twtold rfmx concin felv 

 0.0 1.0E20 0.0 0.0 

* dxin volin alpin vlin tlin 

 3.15 1.843851E-3 0.0 0.0 563.0 

* pin pain flowin vvin tvin 

 7.5E6 0.0 0.0 0.0 563.0 

* 

A-12
* 

******* type num userid component name 

pipe 61 1 unnamed 

* ncells nodes jun1 jun2 epsw 

 2 0 11 1 0.0 

* nsides 

 0 

* ichf iconc iacc ipow npipes 

 1 0 0 0 1 

* radin th houtl houtv toutl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* toutv pwin pwoff rpwmx pwscl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* dx * 3.15 3.15e 

* vol * 1.84385E-3 1.84385E-3e 

* fa * 5.85349E-4 5.85349E-4 5.85349E-4e 

* fric * 0.0 0.0 0.1e 

* grav * -1.0 0.0 0.0e 

* hd * 0.0273 0.0273 0.0273e 

* nff * 1 1 1e 

* alp * 0.0 0.0e 

* vl * 0.0 0.0 0.0e 

* vv * 0.0 0.0 0.0e 

* tl * 563.0 563.0e 

* tv * 563.0 563.0e 

* p * 7.5E6 7.5E6e 

* pa * 0.0 0.0e 

* 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

pipe 71 1 unnamed 

* ncells nodes jun1 jun2 epsw 

 1 0 1 12 0.0 

* nsides 

 0 

* ichf iconc iacc ipow npipes 

 1 0 0 0 1 

* radin th houtl houtv toutl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* toutv pwin pwoff rpwmx pwscl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* dx * 1.47e 

* vol * 8.60464E-4e 

* fa * 5.85349E-4 5.85349E-4e 

* fric * 0.1 0.1e 

* grav * 0.0 1.0e 

* hd * 0.0273 0.0273e 

* nff * 1 -1e 

* alp * 0.0e 

* vl * 0.0 0.0e 

* vv * 0.0 0.0e 

* tl * 563.0e 

* tv * 563.0e 

* p * 7.5E6e 

* pa * 0.0e 

* 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

fill 111 1 unnamed 

* jun1 ifty ioff 

 9 5 0 

* iftr ifsv nftb nfsv nfrf 

 0 1 5 0 0 

* twtold rfmx concin felv 

 0.0 1.0E20 0.0 0.0 

* dxin volin alpin vlin tlin 

 0.3 1.756048E-4 0.0 0.0 298.0 

* pin pain flowin vvin tvin 

A-13
 7.5E6 0.0 0.0 0.0 373.0 

* vmscl vvscl 

 1.0 1.0 

* 

* vmtbl * 0.0 0.0s 

* vmtbl * 99.0 0.0s 

* vmtbl * 100.0 6.667E-3s 

* vmtbl * 1499.0 6.667E-3s 

* vmtbl * 1500.0 0.0e 

* 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

pipe 121 1 unnamed 

* ncells nodes jun1 jun2 epsw 

 1 0 10 9 0.0 

* nsides 

 0 

* ichf iconc iacc ipow npipes 

 1 0 0 0 1 

* radin th houtl houtv toutl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* toutv pwin pwoff rpwmx pwscl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* dx * 0.3e 

* vol * 1.75605E-4e 

* fa * 7.1E-5 7.1E-5e 

* fric * 0.1 0.1e 

* grav * 1.0 1.0e 

* hd * 3.0E-3 3.0E-3e 

* nff * 1 1e 

* alp * 1.0e 

* vl * 0.0 0.0e 

* vv * 0.0 0.0e 

* tl * 563.0e 

* tv * 564.0e 

* p * 7.5E6e 

* pa * 0.0e 

* 

* 

******************************************** 

* Starting Heat Structure Section of Model * 

******************************************** 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

htstr 131 0 unnamed 

* nzhstr ittc hscyl ichf 

 30 0 1 1 

* nopowr plane liqlev iaxcnd 

 0 3 1 1 

* nmwrx nfci nfcil hdri hdro 

 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 

* nhot nodes irftr nzmax irftr2 

 0 5 0 100 0 

* dtxht(1) dtxht(2) dznht hgapo 

 2.0 10.0 1.0E-3 6300.0 

* 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2 2 2s 

* idbcin * 2 2e 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

A-14
* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1 1 1s 

* idbcon * 1 1e 

* hcomon1 * 1 1 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 2 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 3 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 4 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 5 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 6 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 7 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 8 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 9 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 10 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 11 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 12 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 13 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 14 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 15 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 16 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 17 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 18 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 19 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 20 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 21 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 22 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 23 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 24 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 25 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 26 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 27 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 28 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 29 0 0e 

* hcomon1 * 1 30 0 0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* htc2 * 3.44 298.0e 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

A-15
* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333 0.2933333s 

* dhtstrz * 0.2933333 0.2933333e 

* rdx * 1.0e 

* radrd * 0.06985 0.073425 0.077 0.080575 0.08415e 

* matrd * 6 6 6 6e 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1 1 1s 

* nfax * 1 1e 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0 563.0 563.0s 

* rftn * 563.0 563.0e 

* fpuo2 * 0.0e 

* ftd * 1.0e 

* gmix * f 0.0e 

* gmles * 0.0e 

* pgapt * 0.0e 

* plvol * 0.0 e 

* pslen * 0.0 e 

* clenn * 0.0 e 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

* burn * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0s 

A-16
* burn * 0.0 0.0e 

******************************************** 

* Finished Heat Structure Section of Model * 

******************************************** 

* 

* 

* 

* 

***************************************** 

* Starting Power Components * 

***************************************** 

* 

******* type num userid component name 

power 141 1 unnamed 

* numpwr chanpow 

 1 0 

* htnum * 131e 

* irpwty ndgx ndhx nrts nhist 

 6 0 0 10 0 

* irpwtr irpwsv nrpwtb nrpwsv nrpwrf 

 0 1 11 0 0 

* izpwtr izpwsv nzpwtb nzpwsv nzpwrf 

 0 1 1 0 0 

* ipwrad ipwdep promheat decaheat wtbypass 

 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

* nzpwz nzpwi nfbpwt nrpwr nrpwi 

 0 0 0 1 0 

* react tneut rpwoff rrpwmx rpwscl 

 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0E20 1.0 

* rpowri zpwin zpwoff rzpwmx 

 4000.0 0.0 -1.0E19 1.0E20 

* extsou pldr pdrat fucrac 

 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 

* rdpwr * 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0e 

* cpowr * 1.0e 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 1.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0s 

* zpwtb1* 0.0e 

* rpwtbr* 0.0 4000.0s 

* rpwtbr* 105.0 4000.0s 

A-17
A-18

* rpwtbr* 106.0 6000.0s 

* rpwtbr* 659.0 6000.0s 

* rpwtbr* 660.0 1.3E4s 

* rpwtbr* 889.0 1.3E4s 

* rpwtbr* 890.0 6000.0s 

* rpwtbr* 902.0 6000.0s 

* rpwtbr* 903.0 2000.0s 

* rpwtbr* 905.0 2000.0s 

* rpwtbr* 906.0 0.0e 

***************************************** 

* Finished Power Components * 

***************************************** 

* 

* 

* 

end 

* 

***************** 

* Timestep Data * 

***************** 

* dtmin dtmax tend rtwfp powerc 

 1.0E-6 0.05 1500.0 10.0 0.0 

* edint gfint dmpint sedint 

 10.0 0.5 100.0 1.0 

* 

* endflag 

 -1.0