Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 123 / Wednesday, June 26, 2013 / Notices 38315 

respondent labor burden; (2) this ICR 

revises the number of respondents based 

on more recent information obtained 

from a 2011 Regulatory Impact Analysis 

(RIA) conducted by EPA. The previous 

ICR estimated 97 existing sources were 

subject to the standard; however, the 

RIA indicates there are approximately 

90 existing sources. This ICR reflects the 

most recent information obtained from 

the 2011 RIA, and contributes to the 

apparent decrease in the respondent and 

Agency labor burdens; and (3) there is 

a slight increase in Agency burden costs 

from the most-recently approved ICR 

due to the use of updated labor rates, 

because this ICR references labor rates 

from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to 

calculate respondent burden costs and 

references labor rates from OPM to 

calculate Agency burden costs. 

Richard T. Westlund, 

Acting Director, Collection Strategies 

Division. 

[FR Doc. 2013–15180 Filed 6–25–13; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

[EPA–HQ–OPP–2013–0152; FRL–9390–8] 

Registration Review; Draft Human 

Health and Ecological Risk 

Assessments; Notice of Availability 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Notice. 

SUMMARY: This notice announces the 

availability of EPA’s draft human health 

and ecological risk assessments for the 

registration review of acetaminophen, 

clofentezine, fluazinam, hexythiazox, 

quinclorac, sulfur, and triflumizole and 

opens a public comment period on these 

documents. Registration review is EPA’s 

periodic review of pesticide 

registrations to ensure that each 

pesticide continues to satisfy the 

statutory standard for registration, that 

is, the pesticide can perform its 

intended function without unreasonable 

adverse effects on human health or the 

environment. As part of the registration 

review process, the Agency has 

completed comprehensive draft risk 

assessments for each of the subject 

chemicals and is making them available 

for public comment. After reviewing 

comments received during the public 

comment period, EPA will issue revised 

risk assessments, if appropriate, explain 

any changes to the draft risk 

assessments, and respond to comments 

and may request public input on risk 

mitigation before completing a proposed 

registration review decision for each of 

the chemicals. Through this program, 

EPA is ensuring that each pesticide’s 

registration is based on current 

scientific and other knowledge, 

including its effects on human health 

and the environment. 

DATES: Comments must be received on 

or before August 26, 2013. 

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, 

identified by docket identification (ID) 

number for the specific pesticide of 

interest provided in Table 1. in Unit III., 

by one of the following methods: 

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// 

www.regulations.gov. Follow the online 

instructions for submitting comments. 

Do not submit electronically any 

information you consider to be 

Confidential Business Information (CBI) 

or other information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute. 

• Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental 

Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/ 

DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. 

NW., Washington, DC 20460–0001. 

• Hand Delivery: To make special 

arrangements for hand delivery or 

delivery of boxed information, please 

follow the instructions at http:// 

www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html. 

Additional instructions on 

commenting or visiting the docket, 

along with more information about 

dockets generally, is available at 

http://www.epa.gov/dockets. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

information about a particular pesticide 

included in this document, contact: The 

Chemical Review Manager identified in 

Table 1. in Unit III. for the pesticide of 

interest. 

For general questions on the 

registration review program, contact: 

Jane Robbins, Pesticide Re-evaluation 

Division (7508P), Office of Pesticide 

Programs, Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., 

Washington, DC 20460–0001; telephone 

number: (703) 308–0048; fax number: 

(703) 305–8005; email address: 

robbins.jane@epa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. General Information 

A. Does this action apply to me? 

This action is directed to the public 

in general, and may be of interest to a 

wide range of stakeholders including 

environmental, human health, farm 

worker, and agricultural advocates; the 

chemical industry; pesticide users; and 

members of the public interested in the 

sale, distribution, or use of pesticides. 

Since others also may be interested, the 

Agency has not attempted to describe all 

the specific entities that may be affected 

by this action. If you have any questions 

regarding the applicability of this action 

to a particular entity, consult the 

Chemical Review Manager identified in 

Table 1. in Unit III. for the pesticide of 

interest. 

B. What should I consider as I prepare 

my comments for EPA? 

1. Submitting CBI. Do not submit this 

information to EPA through 

regulations.gov or email. Clearly mark 

the part or all of the information that 

you claim to be CBI. For CBI 

information in a disk or CD–ROM that 

you mail to EPA, mark the outside of the 

disk or CD–ROM as CBI and then 

identify electronically within the disk or 

CD–ROM the specific information that 

is claimed as CBI. In addition to one 

complete version of the comment that 

includes information claimed as CBI, a 

copy of the comment that does not 

contain the information claimed as CBI 

must be submitted for inclusion in the 

public docket. Information so marked 

will not be disclosed except in 

accordance with procedures set forth in 

40 CFR part 2. 

2. Tips for preparing your comments. 

When submitting comments, remember 

to: 

i. Identify the document by docket ID 

number and other identifying 

information (subject heading, Federal 

Register date and page number). 

ii. Follow directions. The Agency may 

ask you to respond to specific questions 

or organize comments by referencing a 

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 

or section number. 

iii. Explain why you agree or disagree; 

suggest alternatives and substitute 

language for your requested changes. 

iv. Describe any assumptions and 

provide any technical information and/ 

or data that you used. 

v. If you estimate potential costs or 

burdens, explain how you arrived at 

your estimate in sufficient detail to 

allow for it to be reproduced. 

vi. Provide specific examples to 

illustrate your concerns and suggest 

alternatives. 

vii. Explain your views as clearly as 

possible, avoiding the use of profanity 

or personal threats. 

viii. Make sure to submit your 

comments by the comment period 

deadline identified. 

3. Environmental justice. EPA seeks to 

achieve environmental justice, the fair 

treatment and meaningful involvement 

of any group, including minority and/or 

low income populations, in the 

development, implementation, and 

enforcement of environmental laws, 

regulations, and policies. To help 

address potential environmental justice 

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38316 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 123 / Wednesday, June 26, 2013 / Notices 

issues, the Agency seeks information on 

any groups or segments of the 

population who, as a result of their 

location, cultural practices, or other 

factors, may have atypical or 

disproportionately high and adverse 

human health impacts or environmental 

effects from exposure to the pesticides 

discussed in this document, compared 

to the general population. 

II. Authority 

EPA is conducting its registration 

review of the pesticides identified in 

this document pursuant to section 3(g) 

of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, 

and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the 

procedural regulations for registration 

review at 40 CFR part 155, subpart C. 

Section 3(g) of FIFRA provides, among 

other things, that the registrations of 

pesticides are to be reviewed every 15 

years. Under FIFRA, a pesticide product 

may be registered or remain registered 

only if it meets the statutory standard 

for registration given in FIFRA section 

3(c)(5). When used in accordance with 

widespread and commonly recognized 

practice, the pesticide product must 

perform its intended function without 

unreasonable adverse effects on the 

environment; that is, without any 

unreasonable risk to man or the 

environment, or a human dietary risk 

from residues that result from the use of 

a pesticide in or on food. 

III. Registration Reviews 

As directed by FIFRA section 3(g), 

EPA is reviewing the pesticide 

registrations for acetaminophen, 

clofentezine, fluazinam, hexythiazox, 

quinclorac, sulfur, and triflumizole to 

ensure that they continue to satisfy the 

FIFRA standard for registration—that is, 

that these pesticides can still be used 

without unreasonable adverse effects on 

human health or the environment. 

At this stage in the registration review 

process, consistent with the final paper, 

announced in the Federal Register issue 

of March 27, 2013 (78 FR 18585) (FRL– 

9382–5), jointly developed with the U.S. 

Department of Agriculture (USDA), the 

National Marine Fisheries Service, and 

the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (‘‘the 

Services’’) to enhance opportunities for 

stakeholder input during pesticide 

registration reviews and endangered 

species consultations, draft 

environmental risk assessments include 

an evaluation of the potential risks to 

federally listed endangered and 

threatened species (hereafter referred to 

as ‘‘listed species’’). EPA intends to 

complete a refined assessment of 

potential risks to individual listed 

species, as needed. The refined listed 

species assessments will be based on the 

recommendations of the National 

Research Council (NRC), which was 

tasked with providing advice on 

ecological risk assessment tools and 

scientific approaches in developing 

listed species risk assessments that are 

compliant with both FIFRA and the 

Endangered Species Act (ESA). The 

NRC report, issued April 30, 2013, 

provides recommendations to ensure 

scientific soundness and maximize the 

utility of risk assessment refinements for 

listed species. Additional information 

can be found at the following Web site: 

http://www8.nationalacademies.org/cp/ 

projectview.aspx?key=49396. Revisions 

to risk assessments will likely reflect 

Agency review of the report and any 

associated methodology and science 

policy based on the report’s 

recommendations. Refinements to the 

listed species assessments may include, 

but not be limited to, the following: 

• More detailed, species-specific 

ecological and biological data. 

• More detailed and accurate 

information on chemical use patterns. 

• Sub-county level spatial proximity 

data depicting the co-occurrence of 

potential effects areas and listed species 

and any designated critical habitat. 

In the event that a draft risk 

assessment shows risks of concern to 

human health or the environment for a 

specific chemical, EPA reserves the 

right to initiate mitigation at this stage 

of registration review. This effort to 

mitigate a chemical’s risks early in the 

registration review process is consistent 

with the Agency’s approach for 

registration review. Where risks are 

identified early in the registration 

review process and opportunities for 

early mitigation exist, the Agency may 

pursue those opportunities as they arise, 

rather then waiting for completion of a 

chemical’s registration review in order 

to mitigate risks. The public comment 

period for the draft risk assessments 

allows members of the public to provide 

comments and suggestions for revising 

the draft risk assessments and for 

reducing risks. 

Pursuant to 40 CFR 155.53(c), EPA is 

providing an opportunity, through this 

notice of availability, for interested 

parties to provide comments and input 

concerning the Agency’s draft human 

health and ecological risk assessments 

for acetaminophen, clofentezine, 

fluazinam, hexythiazox, quinclorac, 

sulfur, and triflumizole. Such comments 

and input could address, among other 

things, the Agency’s risk assessment 

methodologies and assumptions, as 

applied in these draft risk assessments. 

The Agency will consider all comments 

received during the public comment 

period and make changes, as 

appropriate, to the draft human health 

and ecological risk assessments. EPA 

will then issue revised risk assessments, 

if appropriate, explain any changes to 

the draft risk assessment, and respond 

to comments. In the Federal Register 

notice announcing the availability of the 

revised risk assessments, if the revised 

risk assessments indicate risks of 

concern, the Agency may provide a 

comment period for the public to submit 

suggestions for mitigating the risks 

identified in those revised risk 

assessments before developing proposed 

registration review decisions on 

acetaminophen, clofentezine, fluazinam, 

hexythiazox, quinclorac, sulfur, and 

triflumizole. At present, EPA is 

releasing registration review draft risk 

assessments for the pesticide cases 

identified in the following table and 

further described in this unit. 

TABLE 1—REGISTRATION REVIEW DRAFT RISK ASSESSMENTS

Registration review case name and No. Pesticide docket 

identification (ID) No. 

Chemical review manager, telephone number, and 

email address 

Acetaminophen, Case No. 7610 ...................................... EPA–HQ–OPP–2012–0145 Bonnie Adler, (703) 308–8523, adler.bonnie@epa.gov. 

Clofentezine, Case No. 7602 ........................................... EPA–HQ–OPP–2006–0240 Wilhelmena Livingston, (703) 308–8025, livingston.wilhelmena@epa.gov. 

Fluazinam, Case No. 7013 ............................................... EPA–HQ–OPP–2009–0039 Steven Snyderman, (703) 347–0249, 

snyderman.steven@epa.gov. 

Hexythiazox, Case No. 7404 ............................................ EPA–HQ–OPP–2006–0114 Molly Clayton, (703) 603–0522, clayton.molly@epa.gov. 

Quinclorac, Case No. 7222 .............................................. EPA–HQ–OPP–2007–1135 Wilhelmena Livingston, (703) 308–8025, livingston.wilhelmena@epa.gov. 

Sulfur, Case No. 0031 ...................................................... EPA–HQ–OPP–2008–0176 Jose Gayoso, (703) 347–8652, gayoso.jose@epa.gov. 

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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 123 / Wednesday, June 26, 2013 / Notices 38317 

TABLE 1—REGISTRATION REVIEW DRAFT RISK ASSESSMENTS—Continued 

Registration review case name and No. Pesticide docket 

identification (ID) No. 

Chemical review manager, telephone number, and 

email address 

Triflumizole, Case No. 7003 ............................................. EPA–HQ–OPP–2006–0115 Steven Snyderman, (703) 347–0249, 

snyderman.steven@epa.gov. 

• Acetaminophen. The registration 

review docket for acetaminophen (EPA– 

HQ–OPP–2012–0145) opened in the 

Federal Register issue of March 28, 

2012 (77 FR 18810) (FRL–9342–1). 

Acetaminophen (also known by the 

brand name Tylenol) is registered for 

use as a vertebrate pesticide to control 

the invasive brown tree snake in Guam. 

The snakes ingest baited mice, which 

are lethal to the snake. One FIFRA 

section 3 product is registered, and two 

FIFRA section 18 registrations are held 

by USDA Animal Plant Health 

Inspection Service. The Agency has 

conducted a quantitative ecological risk 

and endangered species assessment for 

acetaminophen based on the available 

information and on the limited use of 

this pesticide active ingredient. There 

was no need for a human health risk 

assessment due to acetaminophen’s 

well-studied pharmaceutical use and 

extremely limited opportunities for 

exposure from its pesticidal use on 

Guam. In addition, EPA has determined 

that no new data are needed to support 

the registration review decision for 

acetaminophen. 

• Clofentezine. The registration 

review docket for clofentezine (EPA– 

HQ–OPP–2006–0240) opened in the 

Federal Register issue of March 28, 

2007 (72 FR 14548) (FRL–8118–3). 

Clofentezine is an acaricide that is 

currently registered as a liquid 

formulation for use on almonds, apples, 

apricots, cherries, Christmas trees, 

grapes, nectarines, ornamentals 

(greenhouse and outdoor), peaches, 

pears, persimmons, and walnuts. There 

are currently no residential uses 

associated with clofentezine. The 

Agency has conducted a human health 

risk assessment for both dietary (food 

and drinking water) and occupational 

exposure pathways. The Agency has 

also conducted a quantitative ecological 

risk assessment, which includes a 

screening-level listed species 

assessment. EPA acknowledges that 

further refinements to the listed species 

assessment will be completed in future 

revisions and requests public comment 

on specific areas that will reduce the 

uncertainties associated with the 

characterization of risk to listed species 

identified in the current assessment. 

• Fluazinam. The registration review 

docket for fluazinam (EPA–HQ–OPP– 

2009–0039) opened in the Federal 

Register issue of September 23, 2009 (74 

FR 48559) (FRL–8434–6). Fluazinam is 

a pyridine fungicide registered for 

agricultural use on a variety of crops, 

including but not limited to melons, 

peanuts, peppers/eggplants, potatoes, 

and soybeans. Fluazinam is also 

registered for non-agricultural use on 

golf course turf. The Agency has 

conducted a human health risk 

assessment for dietary (food and 

drinking water), residential and 

occupational exposure pathways. An 

addendum to the most recent human 

health risk assessment was completed to 

incorporate information received shortly 

after the completion of the risk 

assessment. The addendum and risk 

assessment are available in the 

registration review docket. The Agency 

has also conducted a quantitative 

ecological risk assessment, which 

includes a screening-level listed species 

assessment. EPA acknowledges that 

further refinements to the listed species 

assessment will be completed in future 

revisions and requests public comment 

on specific areas that will reduce the 

uncertainties associated with the 

characterization of risk to listed species 

identified in the current assessment. 

• Hexythiazox. The registration 

review docket for hexythiazox (EPA– 

HQ–OPP–2006–0114) opened in the 

Federal Register issue of February 2, 

2007 (72 FR 5050) (FRL–8113–1). 

Hexythiazox is an acaricide that acts 

primarily as a mite growth inhibitor/ 

ovicide and is used to control mites. It 

is registered for use on a variety of 

agricultural crops, turf, and various 

residential plants. The Agency has 

conducted a human health risk 

assessment for dietary (food and 

drinking water), residential, and 

occupational exposure pathways. The 

Agency has conducted a quantitative 

ecological risk assessment, which 

includes a screening-level listed species 

assessment. EPA acknowledges that 

further refinements to the listed species 

assessment will be completed in future 

revisions and requests public comment 

on specific areas that will reduce the 

uncertainties associated with the 

characterization of risk to listed species 

identified in the current assessment. 

• Quinclorac. The registration review 

docket for quinclorac (EPA–HQ–OPP– 

2007–1135) opened in the Federal 

Register issue of December 19, 2007 (72 

FR 71893) (FRL–8342–9). Quinclorac is 

an herbicide for the selective postemergent control of various annual 

grasses and broadleaf weeds. The 

variety of end-use products containing 

quinclorac are currently registered on 

rice, sorghum, and wheat. Additionally, 

quinclorac is registered for use by 

commercial applicators and 

homeowners on lawns, parks, in and 

around ornamentals, and golf courses. 

The Agency has conducted a human 

health risk assessment for dietary (food 

and drinking water), residential, and 

occupational exposure pathways in 

support of registration review, and for 

new proposed use on rhubarb, and low 

growing berry (except for strawberry), 

subgroup 13–07H. The Agency has 

conducted a quantitative ecological risk 

assessment, which includes a screeninglevel listed species assessment. EPA 

acknowledges that further refinements 

to the listed species assessment will be 

completed in future revisions and 

requests public comment on specific 

areas that will reduce the uncertainties 

associated with the characterization of 

risk to listed species identified in the 

current assessment. 

• Sulfur. The registration review 

docket for sulfur (EPA–HQ–OPP–2008– 

0176) opened in the Federal Register 

issue of March 26, 2008 (73 FR 16011) 

(FRL–8356–4). Elemental sulfur is a 

naturally occurring component of the 

earth’s core and crust and is ubiquitous 

in the environment. Sulfur has been 

used as a pesticide in the United States 

since the 1920s, and is currently 

registered for use as an insecticide and 

fungicide on a wide range of field and 

greenhouse-grown food and feed crops, 

livestock (and livestock quarters), and 

indoor and outdoor residential sites. 

Use sites include berries, field crops, 

ornamentals, pets (dogs), root crops, tree 

fruit, vegetables, and turf (including 

residential lawns and golf courses). 

Sulfur is also registered for use in gas 

cartridge products, which are used for 

vertebrate pest control in a variety of 

sites. The Agency has conducted a 

qualitative human health risk 

assessment. The Agency has also 

conducted a quantitative ecological risk 

assessment, which includes a screeninglevel listed species assessment. EPA 

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38318 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 123 / Wednesday, June 26, 2013 / Notices 

acknowledges that further refinements 

to the listed species assessment will be 

completed in future revisions and 

requests public comment on specific 

areas that will reduce the uncertainties 

associated with the characterization of 

risk to listed species identified in the 

current assessment. The human health 

risk assessment includes all uses of 

sulfur, including gas cartridges. The 

most recent ecological risk assessment 

includes all uses except gas cartridges. 

A separate ecological risk assessment for 

gas cartridge uses was conducted in 

2010 and can be found in the sulfur 

registration review docket. 

• Triflumizole. The registration 

review docket for triflumizole (EPA– 

HQ–OPP–2006–0115) opened in the 

Federal Register issue of March 28, 

2007 (72 FR 14548) (FRL–8118–3). 

Triflumizole is a broad spectrum, 

imidazole fungicide (group 3) that 

inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. 

It is registered for use on a variety of 

agricultural crops, ornamentals in 

greenhouses/shade houses, interior 

scapes, and Christmas trees/conifers on 

nurseries and plantations. It is also 

registered for use as a pre-plant 

pineapple seed treatment. The Agency 

has conducted a human health risk 

assessment for dietary (food and 

drinking water), residential and 

occupational exposure pathways. The 

Agency has also conducted a 

quantitative ecological risk assessment, 

which includes a screening-level listed 

species assessment. EPA acknowledges 

that further refinements to the listed 

species assessment will be completed in 

future revisions and requests public 

comment on specific areas that will 

reduce the uncertainties associated with 

the characterization of risk to listed 

species identified in the current 

assessment. 

1. Other related information. 

Additional information on these 

pesticides is available on the chemical 

pages for these pesticides in Chemical 

Search, http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ 

chemicalsearch, and in each chemical’s 

individual docket listed in Table 1. in 

Unit III. Information on the Agency’s 

registration review program and its 

implementing regulation is available at 

http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/ 

registration_review. 

2. Information submission 

requirements. Anyone may submit data 

or information in response to this 

document. To be considered during a 

pesticide’s registration review, the 

submitted data or information must 

meet the following requirements: 

• To ensure that EPA will consider 

data or information submitted, 

interested persons must submit the data 

or information during the comment 

period. The Agency may, at its 

discretion, consider data or information 

submitted at a later date. 

• The data or information submitted 

must be presented in a legible and 

useable form. For example, an English 

translation must accompany any 

material that is not in English and a 

written transcript must accompany any 

information submitted as an 

audiographic or videographic record. 

Written material may be submitted in 

paper or electronic form. 

• Submitters must clearly identify the 

source of any submitted data or 

information. 

• Submitters may request the Agency 

to reconsider data or information that 

the Agency rejected in a previous 

review. However, submitters must 

explain why they believe the Agency 

should reconsider the data or 

information in the pesticide’s 

registration review. 

As provided in 40 CFR 155.58, the 

registration review docket for each 

pesticide case will remain publicly 

accessible through the duration of the 

registration review process; that is, until 

all actions required in the final decision 

on the registration review case have 

been completed. 

List of Subjects 

Environmental protection, 

Acetaminophen, Clofentezine, 

Fluazinam, Hexythiazox, Pesticides and 

pests, Quinclorac, Sulfur, Triflumizole. 

Dated: June 19, 2013. 

Michael Goodis, 

Acting Director, Pesticide Re-Evaluation 

Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. 

[FR Doc. 2013–15304 Filed 6–25–13; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

[FRL–9827–4] 

Integrated Science Assessment for 

Lead 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Notice of availability. 

SUMMARY: EPA is announcing the 

availability of a final document titled, 

‘‘Integrated Science Assessment for 

Lead’’ (EPA/600/R–10/075F). The 

document was prepared by the National 

Center for Environmental Assessment 

(NCEA) within EPA’s Office of Research 

and Development as part of the review 

of the national ambient air quality 

standards (NAAQS) for lead (Pb). 

DATES: The document will be available 

on or around June 26, 2013. 

ADDRESSES: The ‘‘Integrated Science 

Assessment for Lead’’ will be made 

available primarily through the Internet 

on the NCEA home page under the 

Recent Additions and Publications 

menus at http://www.epa.gov/ncea. A 

limited number of CD–ROM or paper 

copies will be available. Contact Ms. 

Marieka Boyd by phone: 919–541–0031; 

fax: 919–541–5078; or email: 

boyd.marieka@epa.gov to request either 

of these, and please provide your name, 

your mailing address, and the document 

title, ‘‘Integrated Science Assessment for 

Lead’’ (EPA/600/R–10/075F) to facilitate 

processing of your request. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

technical information, contact Dr. Ellen 

Kirrane, NCEA; telephone: 919–541– 

1340; facsimile: 919–541–2985; or 

email: Kirrane.ellen@epa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

Section 108 (a) of the Clean Air Act 

directs the Administrator to identify 

certain pollutants, which among other 

things, ‘‘cause or contribute to air 

pollution which may reasonably be 

anticipated to endanger public health or 

welfare’’ and to issue air quality criteria 

for them. These air quality criteria are 

to ‘‘accurately reflect the latest scientific 

knowledge useful in indicating the kind 

and extent of all identifiable effects on 

public health or welfare which may be 

expected from the presence of [a] 

pollutant in the ambient air. . . .’’ 

Under section 109 of the Act, EPA is 

then to establish NAAQS for each 

pollutant for which EPA has issued 

criteria. Section 109 (d) of the Act 

subsequently requires periodic review 

and, if appropriate, revision of existing 

air quality criteria to reflect advances in 

scientific knowledge on the effects of 

the pollutant on public health or 

welfare. EPA is also to periodically 

review and, if appropriate, revise the 

NAAQS, based on the revised air quality 

criteria. 

Pb is one of six ‘‘criteria’’ pollutants 

for which EPA has established NAAQS. 

Periodically, EPA reviews the scientific 

basis for these standards by preparing 

an Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) 

(formerly called an Air Quality Criteria 

Document). The ISA provides a concise 

review, synthesis, and evaluation of the 

most policy-relevant science to serve as 

a scientific foundation for the review of 

the NAAQS. The Clean Air Scientific 

Advisory Committee (CASAC), an 

independent science advisory 

committee whose review and advisory 

functions are mandated by Section 109 

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