#### Mary Geraldine Neville, Plaintiff in Error, v. City of Chicago, Defendant in Error.

Gen. No. 19,704.

(Not to be reported in full.)

Error to the Superior Court of Cook county; the Hon. Charles A. McDonald, Judge, presiding. Heard in the Branch Appellate Court at the October term,'1913.

Reversed and remanded.

Opinion filed February 4, 1915.

Statement of the Case.

Action by Mary Geraldine Neville against the city of Chicago for damages for injuries resulting from a *373fall on a defective sidewalk. From a judgment in favor of defendant, plaintiff brings error.

The essential facts are stated in a review of a former trial in the opinion filed in *Neville v. City of Chicago,*154 Ill. App. 537. Upon the second trial, it was clearly shown that the sidewalk upon which the accident occurred was at that time old and worn, was affected by dry-rot and had been frequently repaired. While several witnesses called by defendant testified that they had never seen any holes in the sidewalk, all of them practically admitted that the walk was in the condition above stated. The manner in which the accident occurred was not disputed. The real dispute in the case arose upon the claim of the plaintiff that certain ailments that developed long after the accident were directly caused by the accident. Most of the evidence on this point was given by physicians. Some of the evidence of these physicians was opinion evidence, and some was as to matters of fact. The physician who attended the plaintiff at the time of the accident testified only as to the plaintiff’s injuries at that time and his treatment for a week or two thereafter. At the defendant’s request, the court gave to the jury the following instructions:

“The court instructs you that you are to judge of the credibility of doctors and experts the same as of the credibility of other witnesses. You are not bound to take as absolutely true the testimony of any doctor or expert, but you are authorized to consider the apparent consistency, fairness and congruity of such testimony; the probability or improbability of the same; the motive, temper, feeling or bias of the witness, if any, his interest or lack of interest, if any, in the result of the case; and to give such credit to such testimony as, under all the circumstances, you believe it to be entitled to, and no more.”

A. W. Fulton and T. F. Laramie, for plaintiff in error.

*374Abstract of the Decision.

1. Witnesses, § *253*
      ***
      *—effect of calling attention to witnesses or particular testimony.*The practice of calling special attention to particular witnesses or particular testimony in instructions to the jury may so effect the result as to constitute reversible error.

2. Instructions, § *101*—credibility of particular classes of persons.*Where othér instructions given were a sufficient guide to the jury in weighing the evidence, including that of doctors, a special instruction as to the testimony and credibility of the doctors was *held*to be reversible error, the jury being informed that they were not bound to take as absolutely true the testimony of any doctor or expert, which, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, could hardly fail to convey the impression that the testimony of the doctors should be scrutinized more closely than that of other witnesses.

3. Instructions, § *95*—credibility of witnesses.*The principle that a jury is not bound to accept as true the testimony of any witness, if there are any facts or circumstances tending to discredit his evidence, is not peculiarly or especially applicable to the testimony of doctors or experts, so that such experts should not be singled out in announcing the general rule to the jury.

4. Municipal, Corporations, § *994*—what constitutes negligence in care of side ■valle.*In an action against a city for personal injuries from a fall on a defective sidewalk, evidence *held*to show defendant negligent, so as to require a reversal of a judgment on a verdict of no* guilty.

William H. Sexton and N. L. Piotrowski, for defendant in error; David R. Levy, of counsel.

See Illinois Notes Digest, Vols. XI to XV, and Cumulative Quarterly, same topic and section number.

Mr. Presiding Justice Fitch

delivered the opinion of the court.