1

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

MEMORANDUM

DATE: October 6, 2015

SUBJECT: Tier I Estimated Drinking Waters Concentrations of Fluazinam and its 

Transformation Products for Use in the Human Health Risk Assessment for the 

Registration of the New Uses on Mayhaw, Cabbage and Chinese cabbage, Cucurbit 

Vegetables, Squash/Cucumber Subgroup 9B, and Root and Tuber Vegetables, 

Tuberous and Corm Subgroup 1C

(PC Code 129098; DP Barcode 426144)

FROM: José Meléndez, Chemist

Environmental Risk Branch 5

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

THROUGH: Mah T. Shamim, Ph.D., Branch Chief

Environmental Risk Branch 5

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

TO: Erik Kraft, Risk Manager Reviewer

Heather Garvie, Review Manager #24

Rachel Holloman, Branch Chief

Fungicide-Herbicide Branch

A. Willis Ertman, Risk Manager Reviewer

Barbara Madden, Minor Use Team Leader

Marion Johnson, Branch Chief

Risk Integration, Minor Use and Emergency Response Branch

Registration Division (7505P)

AND: Christina Swartz, Branch Chief

Registration Action Branch 2

Health Effects Division (7509P)

This memorandum presents the Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) for the 

pyridine fungicide fluazinam, and for its major transformation products DCPA, HYPA, CAPA, 

DAPA and AMPA, for use in the human health risk assessment (Table 1). A request for 
2

registration of various new crops was submitted to the Agency. These included Mayhaw, Cabbage 

and Chinese cabbage (foliar applications), Cucurbit Vegetables – Squash/Cucumber Subgroup 9B, 

and Root and Tuber Vegetables – Tuberous and Corm Subgroup 1C. Based on a review of the use 

information, it was found that the proposed new crops have lower seasonal application rates than 

the previously evaluated uses on turf. The maximum seasonal rates for the newly proposed crops

is for Cucurbit Vegetables – Squash/Cucumber Subgroup 9B at 3.91 lb a.i./A/season, compared to 

8.4 lb a.i./A/season for turf. The use on turf was previously evaluated under DP Barcode D391184, 

dated 08/03/2011 (Table 2). EDWCs for the new uses should be smaller than those already 

calculated for turf; therefore, new surface drinking water values are not required. The values 

reported in the previous assessment can be used to cover the new crops. However, for 

groundwater, new EDWCs were calculated in this assessment using the new model PRZM-GW

(refer to Appendix A).

The previous DWA dated August 3, 2011 (assessment of the use on turf; DP Barcode D391184, 

dated 08/03/2011), has appended to it a copy of a DWA for the uses on lettuce, apples, carrots and 

bulb vegetables, Crop Subgroup 3-07A, DP Barcodes D360713, D365942 & D365948, dated

February 24, 2010. The DWA and its attachment provide specific information about the chemicals 

modeled (i.e., fluazinam, DCPA, HYPA, CAPA, DAPA and AMPA), structures, problem 

formulation and approach taken in modeling the crops, a summary of physicochemical and 

environmental fate properties of the chemicals, previous agricultural and turf uses, mode of action, 

analysis, uncertainties, characterization, etc.

EDWCs were calculated for total fluazinam residues because the environmental fate studies 

indicated that the parent compound undergoes transformation to compounds with a similar 

structure to the parent under most conditions [refer to the Metabolism Assessment Review 

Committee (MARC) decision under DP Barcode D272624 (W. Cutchin, 04/23/2001)].

The EDWCs summarized in Table 1 represent upper-bound estimates of the parent and 

degradates’ concentrations that might be found in surface water and groundwater due to the use of 

fluazinam on turf, as reported previously in DP Barcode D391184 and Appendix A of this DWA. 

It is noted that this is still a screening-level analysis and refinements are possible. Should the 

registrant wish to include new crops, such like watercress to the label, this use will need to be 

assessed in a separate DWA. Should any questions arise, please contact the Environmental Fate 

and Effects Division (EFED) as soon as possible.

Table 1. Maximum Tier 1 Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) for drinking water 

assessment based on ground application of fluazinam on turf at a seasonal rate of 8.4 lb a.i./A

Source/Model

Fluazinam Total Residues of Fluazinam1

Acute/ppb Chronic/ppb Acute/ppb Chronic/ppb

Surface Waters/FIRST 217 2 1.47 2262 37.8

Groundwater/PRZM-GW 0.538 0.319 1372 1192

1. Including the following transformation products: DCPA, HYPA, CAPA, DAPA and AMPA.

2. Exceeds the solubility of fluazinam at pH 7 (71 ppb), but not the solubility at pH 11 (350 ppm).

3. For groundwater results, refer to Appendix A.
3

Background and New Use Information

As indicated above, new uses for fluazinam have been requested by the IR-4 Project and the 

registrant, ISK Biosciences Corporation, under Section 3, on mayhaw, cabbage and Chinese 

cabbage (foliar applications), cucurbit vegetables - squash/cucumber Subgroup 9B, and root and 

tuber vegetables – tuberous and corm Subgroup 1C (Table 2). It was found that the maximum 

seasonal application rate for the previously assessed use on turf (8.4 lb a.i./A/season) is much 

higher than for the new uses. The highest new rate is for cucurbit vegetables – squash/cucumber 

Subgroup 9B at 3.91 lb a.i./A/season.

A summary table of the newly proposed use patterns is provided in Table 2. This information is 

based on the proposed Supplemental Labels for the product OMEGA® 500F (EPA Reg. No. 

71512-1), which contains 40.0% a.i. or 4.17 lb a.i./gal of product. The product label claims that it 

is a broad spectrum fungicide for use to control diseases such as hawthorn leaf blight on mayhaw, 

downy mildew on cabbage and Chinese cabbage, and cucurbit vegetables – squash/cucumber 

(melon Subgroup 9B), and late blight on root and tuber vegetables (tuberous and corm Subgroup 

1C).

Table 2. Use information for fluazinam (based on the current and proposed label for Omega 500F, 

EPA Reg. No. 71512-1, and existing label for Fluazinam Turf Fungicide, EPA Reg. No. 71512-20). 

The proposed uses are shaded yellow. Certain previously approved crops are shaded blue.

USE

MAXIMUM 

SINGLE 

APP. RATE

(lb. a.i./A)

NUMBER 

OF APPS.

AT MAX 

RATE

MAXIMUM 

SEASONAL 

APP. RATE 

(lb. a.i./A)

INTERVAL 

BETWEEN 

APPS. (days)

APP. METHOD PHI (days)

Apples, Mayhaw 0.33-0.45 10 4.50 7 - 10 Broadcast 

spray A 28

Brassica (Cole) Leafy 

Vegetables Crop Group 

5, plus Turnip Greens in 

Crop Group 2; such as, but 

not limited to: broccoli; broccoli 

raab (rapini); cabbage, Chinese 

cabbage (napa); cauliflower; 

collards, kale; mizuna; mustard 

spinach; Chinese broccoli; 

Brussels sprouts; Chinese 

cabbage (bok choy); Chinese 

mustard cabbage; cavalo 

broccoli; kohlrabi; mustard 

greens; rape greens, plus turnip 

greens from Crop Group 2

[Transplant 

0.21 lb]

[Soil 

incorporation 

1.36 lb] B

Not 

specified

2.01 for 

soil 

applications

N/A

Soil drench 

after 

transplant or 

soil 

incorporated 

(6-8 inch 

depth, 

transplant the 

seedlings into 

the treated 

band)

20 for 

leafy 

greens 

such as 

mustard 

greens;

50 for 

heading 

vegetable

s such as 

cabbage 

and 

broccoli

Cabbage, Chinese 

cabbage (tight heading 

varieties only; see also same 

crops are mentioned in the 

previous row for soil apps)

0.500 6 3.00 7 Foliar 7
4

USE

MAXIMUM 

SINGLE 

APP. RATE

(lb. a.i./A)

NUMBER 

OF APPS.

AT MAX 

RATE

MAXIMUM 

SEASONAL 

APP. RATE 

(lb. a.i./A)

INTERVAL 

BETWEEN 

APPS. (days)

APP. METHOD PHI (days)

Bushberry Crop 

Subgroup 13-07B; such 

as, but not limited to: Aronia 

berry, blueberry (highbush and 

lowbush), Chilean guava, 

currant (Buffalo, black, red, and 

Native), elderberry, European 

barberry, gooseberry, highbush 

cranberry, honeysuckle, 

huckleberry, jostaberry, 

juneberry, lingonberry, salal, 

and sea buckthorn

0.652 6 (at the 

max rate) 3.91 7-10 Ground C 30

Carrots 0.521 4 2.09

1st app 

interval 14 

days; 

subsequent 

apps at 7 

days

Ground D 7

Ginseng 0.521-0.782 4 3.13 7-14 Ground D 30

Lettuce (head and leaf) 0.521-0.782 1 0.782 N/A

Ground D: 

foliar band, 

broadcast 

spray or soil 

drench

30

Edible-Podded Legume 

Vegetables Crop 

Subgroup 6A, except 

peas; such as, but not limited 

to: Phaseolus spp. Such as: 

runner bean, snap bean, wax 

bean; Vigna spp. Such as: 

asparagus bean, Chinese 

longbean, moth bean, yardlong 

bean; jackbean, and sword bean

0.261-0.443 2 0.912 7-10

Ground, 

Sprinkler 

irrigation

14

Succulent Bean Crop 

Subgroup 6B; such as, but 

not limited to lima bean and 

broad bean

14

Dry Bean Crop 

Subgroup 6C, except 

Peas and Soybeans; such 

as, but not limited to dried 

cultivars of bean: Lupinus spp.; 

Phaseolus spp, such as kidney 

beans, dry lima bean, navy bean, 

pinto bean; Vigna spp., such as 

adzuki bean; and broad bean, 

such as lablab bean

30

Bulb Vegetables Crop 

Subgroup 3-07A; Includes 

bulb daylily, bulb fritillaria, 

bulb garlic, bulb great headed 

garlic, bulb serpent garlic, bulb 

lily, bulb onion, bulb Chinese 

onion, pearl onion, bulb potato 

onion, bulb shallot, and 

cultivars, varieties, and/or 

hybrids of these

0.521 6 3.13 7-10

Ground 

(minimum 5 

gal/A), or 

sprinkler 

irrigation

7
5

USE

MAXIMUM 

SINGLE 

APP. RATE

(lb. a.i./A)

NUMBER 

OF APPS.

AT MAX 

RATE

MAXIMUM 

SEASONAL 

APP. RATE 

(lb. a.i./A)

INTERVAL 

BETWEEN 

APPS. (days)

APP. METHOD PHI (days)

Cucurbit Vegetables, 

Melon Subgroup 9A; 

Includes Citron melon; 

Muskmelon, including hybrids 

and/or varieties of Cucumis 

melo (including true cantaloupe, 

cantaloupe, casaba, Santa Claus 

melon, Crenshaw melon, 

honeydew melon, honey balls, 

Persian melon, golden pershaw 

melon, mango melon, pineapple

melon, snake melon); and 

watermelon, including hybrids 

and/or varieties of Citrullus spp.

0.391-0.782 6 4.69 7-10 Foliar E 30

Cucurbit Vegetables, 

Squash/Cucumber 

Subgroup 9B; Includes 

Chayote (fruit); Chinese 

waxgourd (Chinese preserving

melon) Benincasa hispida; 

cucumber; gherkin; edible gourd 

(Lagenaria spp. i.e. spaghetti 

squash, hyotan, cucuzza), (Luffa 

acutangula, L. cylindrical i.e.

hechima, Chinese okra); 

Momordica spp.(bitter melon, 

balsam pear, balsam apple, 

Chinese cucumber); pumpkin; 

squash, summer (Cucurbita 

pepo i.e. crookneck squash, 

straightneck squash, scallop 

squash, vegetable marrow, 

zucchini); winter squash, 

(Cucurbita maxima; C. 

moschata i.e. butternut squash,

Calabaza, hubbard squash), (C. 

mixta; C. pepo i.e. acorn 

squash); including hybrids 

and/or varieties of these

0.391-0.782

1 (soil)

4 (foliar)

5 (total)

3.91 7

At plant or 

transplantbanded soil 

drench F;

or Foliar

7

Fruiting Vegetable, 

Pepper/ Eggplant 

Subgroup 8-10B; Includes 

African eggplant; bell pepper; 

eggplant; martynia; nonbell 

pepper; okra; pea; eggplant; 

pepino; roselle; scarlet eggplant; 

cultivars, varieties, and/ or 

hybrids of these

0.521-0.782 6 4.69 7-14 Foliar E, F 30

Peanut 0.521-0.782

2 at max 

rate or 3 

at 0.70

lb a.i./A

2.09 21-28

Ground, 

Sprinkler 

irrigation G

Do not 

apply 

w/in 30 d 

of 

threshing 

for 

harvest
6

USE

MAXIMUM 

SINGLE 

APP. RATE

(lb. a.i./A)

NUMBER 

OF APPS.

AT MAX 

RATE

MAXIMUM 

SEASONAL 

APP. RATE 

(lb. a.i./A)

INTERVAL 

BETWEEN 

APPS. (days)

APP. METHOD PHI (days)

Root and Tuber 

Vegetables, Tuberous 

and Corm Subgroup 

1C; Arracacha; arrowroot; 

artichoke, Chinese; artichoke, 

Jerusalem; canna, edible; 

cassava, bitter and sweet; 

chayote (root); chufa; dasheen 

(taro); ginger; leren; potato; 

sweet potato; tanier; turmeric; 

yam bean; yam, true; cultivars, 

varieties, and/or hybrids of these

0.179-0.261 7 1.82 7-10

Ground or 

Aerial, 

Sprinkler 

irrigation

14

Soybeans 0.391-0.521 2 1.04 10-14 Ground or 

Aerial H NS

Turf grasses only on 

golf courses (tees, greens, 

fairways and roughs)

0.700 12 8.41 14 Ground I N/A

N/A=not applicable.

A. Applications based on a tree size requiring a dilute spray of 200 gal/A B. For transplants, assume maximum rate; the recommended application rate is 6.45 oz/100 gal, but the spray volume 

is not specified. When soil incorporated, apply in a minimum spray volume of 50 gal/A.

C. Do not use an adjuvant in the spray mixture. Applications should correspond roughly with apps at green tip, pink 

tip, early bloom, full bloom, blossom drop, and small green fruit to some blue fruit.

D. Carrots: Apply in 30-50 gal water/A as a directed band spray over the crop. Ginseng: Apply in a minimum of 100 

gal water/A. Lettuce: Apply in a minimum of 50 gal water/A

E. Use sufficient water to provide coverage of foliage. May be applied through sprinkler system irrigation equipment. F. The initial application may be made as a soil drench at transplanting.

G. Apply at 45-70 days after planting. H. Ground or aerial. The first application should be applied at R1 (early bloom) to R2 (full bloom) stage of 

development and if needed at stage R3 (early pod formation). Do not apply after growth stage R3. I. Apply Fluazinam Turf in sufficient water to obtain adequate uniform coverage of the turf.

Data Gaps

In the Preliminary Risk Assessment for Registration Review, a number of the environmental 

fate studies were listed as supplemental. Additionally, the following data gaps still exist:

850.6100: Environmental Chemistry Methods (ECMs) and Independent Laboratory 

Validations (ILVs) for Soil, Water and Sediment. The registrant submitted various methods

and validation studies of which a number of them were found to be unacceptable or 

supplemental/upgradable. These studies or upgrades should be submitted to the Agency.

Note that the ECM/ILV results are not used as an input parameter value in the aquatic models 

used in this DWA.
7

Appendix A. Tier 1 EDWCs for Groundwater Using PRZM-GW

PRZM-GW v.1.07

Conceptual Model

Figure A-1 depicts the general groundwater scenario concept for estimating pesticide 

concentrations in drinking water as implemented in PRZM-GW. This conceptual model is based 

on a rural drinking water well beneath an agricultural field (a high pesticide use area) drawing 

from an unconfined, high water-table aquifer.

Figure A-1. General Groundwater Scenario Concept for Estimating Pesticide 

Concentrations in Drinking Water as Implemented in PRZM-GW; The black line through the 

soil profile represents the decline in degradation with respect to the depth.

The depth of the well is site specific (i.e., scenario specific). The well extends into a shallow 

unconfined aquifer and has a well-screen1 that starts at the top and extends down into the aquifer. 

The length of the well-screen represents the region of the aquifer where drinking water is collected. 

The well-screen length is well-specific and can be adjusted. Processes included in the conceptual 

model that influence pesticide transport through the soil profile include water flow, chemical 

specific dissipation and transportation parameters (i.e., degradation and sorption), and crop 

specific factors, including transpiration, pesticide interception and management practices.

The following is a brief description of the PRZM-GW model. More information is available 

at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/ (accessed 06/25/2015).

Tier 1 groundwater estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) for a 

chemical, resulting from its use on a crop are derived with PRZM-GW (Pesticide 

 1 A well screen is a filtering device that allows groundwater from unconsolidated and semi-consolidated aquifers to 

enter the well while at the same time keeping the majority of sand and gravel out of the well.
8

Root Zone Model for Groundwater, version 1.07, March 6, 2014), using the 

GW-GUI (Graphical User Interface, version 1.07, March 6, 2014). PRZM-GW 

is a one-dimensional, finite-difference model that estimates the concentrations 

of pesticides in groundwater. It accounts for pesticide fate in the crop root 

zone by simulating pesticide transport and degradation through the soil profile 

after a pesticide is applied to an agricultural field. PRZM-GW permits the 

assessment of multiple years of pesticide application (up to 100 years) on a 

single site. Six standard scenarios, each representing a different region known 

to be vulnerable to groundwater contaminations, are available for use with 

PRZM-GW for risk assessment purposes. In PRZM-GW simulations, each of 

these standard scenarios is used. PRZM-GW output values represent pesticide 

concentrations in a vulnerable groundwater supply that is located directly 

beneath a rural agricultural field.

Input Parameters for PRZM-GW and Results

For input parameters used in this model, refer to Table A-1.

Table A-1. PRZM-GW Input Parameters for modeling ground applications of fluazinam on turf

PARAMETER (units) VALUE1 SOURCE COMMENT

Application date 

(day/month)

10-04

Turf is usually a 

permanent crop. 

First application 

was set to occur 

at crop 

emergence.

Delmarva emergence 10-04, crop maturation 30-

05, harvest 15-06

01-01 FL citrus crop emergence 01-01, crop maturation 

01-02, harvest 31-12

15-02 FL potatoes emergence 15-02, crop maturation 

01-05, harvest 01-06

01-05 GA coast emergence 01-05, crop maturation 01-

08, harvest 01-10

15-05 NC coast emergence 15-05, crop maturation 01-

08, harvest 01-11

01-05 WI sand emergence 01-05, crop maturation 21-

07, harvest 20-10

Maximum Application Rate

(kg a.i./ha) 1.884

Label

Maximum rate allowed is 0.700 lb a.i./A x 12 

applications at 14 day interval. Due to limitations 

in the PRZM-GW model, only 5 applications 

could be modeled; therefore, the application rate 

was adjusted accordingly.

Number of Applications 

per Year 5

Retreatment Intervals 

(days) 14

Chemical Application 

Method (CAM) 2 Label Foliar

Incorporation Depth (cm) 0 Label Apply Fluazinam Turf in sufficient water to 

obtain adequate uniform coverage of the turf.

Air diffusion coefficient 

(cm2/day) 0 N/A Assuming no volatilization.

Vaporization enthalpy 

(kcal/mol) 0 N/A Assuming no volatilization.

Henry’s Law Constant 

(atm-m3/mol) 0 N/A Assuming no volatilization.
9

PARAMETER (units) VALUE1 SOURCE COMMENT

Partition Coefficient (KOC; 

mL/gOC) 1958 42248628, 

42974913

Sorption is correlated with OCRepresents the 

average KOC value among four values ranging 

from 1705 to 2316 ml/gOC.

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 

Half-life (days)

293

(Parent 

only2

) 42208413, 

42208414

Represents the 90% upper confidence bound on 

the mean of two half-life values (152 DFOP, 221

SFO days; Mean 186.5 days; Std. Dev. 48.79 

days; n=2, t90, n-1 = 3.078).

247 

(TTRs2

)

Represents the 90% upper confidence bound on 

the mean of two half-life values (247 - DFOP, 

247 - SFO days; Mean 247 days; Std. Dev. 0 

days; n=2, t90, n-1 = 3.078).

Hydrolysis Half-life (days)

42 (Parent 

only) 42208412 The transformation product CAPA reaches a 

maximum at the end of the study at pH 7. 0 (TTR) 1 Parameters are selected as per “Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters for Modeling Pesticide Concentrations in 

Groundwater Using the Pesticide Root Zone Model” v.1.0, dated October 15, 2012. 2 The representative half-lives for the TTRs were higher than for the parent alone, since for the TTRs both half-lives

were the same value, which results in a slightly smaller half-life for modeling the TTRs, compared to the half-life for

modeling the parent alone.

Results are provided in Table A-2 for the parent alone and Table A-3 for the TTRs. Given 

that in all cases the run was incomplete, extended weather files were used to estimate groundwater 

EDWCs. Since the maximum number of applications in PRZM-GW is 500 per run, the application 

rate for the 12 applications was divided by 5 applications (times 100 years = 500 applications). 

This approach was taken to obtain upper bound values of groundwater EDWCs; however, should 

it be required, additional refinements could be explored.

Table A-2. Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) resulting from the use of fluazinam 

on turf, runs for the parent alone, with extended weather files

Crop/Scenario

Highest Daily 

Value

(μg/L)

Post Breakthrough 

Average

(μg/L)

Average Simulation 

Breakthrough Time

(days)

Turf/Tier I Delmarva 0.0863 0.0695 24,612

Turf/Tier I FL citrus 0.538 0.319 20,346

Turf/Tier I FL potatoes 5.53 x 10-5 Incomplete Incomplete

Turf/Tier I GA coast 1.48 x 10-4 1.11 x 10-4 33,583

Turf/Tier I NC coast 9.9 x 10-4 3.6 x 10-4 20,383

Turf/Tier I WI sand 9.34 x 10-3 6.91x10-3 28,579

Table A-3. Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) resulting from the use of fluazinam 

on turf, runs for the TTRs, with extended weather files

Crop/Scenario

Highest Daily 

Value

(μg/L)

Post Breakthrough 

Average

(μg/L)

Average Simulation 

Breakthrough Time

(days)

Turf/Tier I Delmarva 26.5 22.8 24,612

Turf/Tier I FL citrus 103 101 20,346

Turf/Tier I FL potatoes 0.00173 Incomplete Incomplete

Turf/Tier I GA coast 5.17 4.82 33,583

Turf/Tier I NC coast 11.7 11.1 20,383

t t

t s

n input

n

= + −

1 2

90 1

/

, ( )
10

Crop/Scenario

Highest Daily 

Value

(μg/L)

Post Breakthrough 

Average

(μg/L)

Average Simulation 

Breakthrough Time

(days)

Turf/Tier I WI sand 137 119 28,579

Example Output File from PRZM-GW

For the FL citrus scenario, for the TTRs, the following output file was obtained.

Groundwater Analysis for Fluazinam and the Florida Citrus - FL Central 

Ridge, Polk County - (Tampa) Met File (12842.Dvf) - Astatula Sand, 

Hrgb A Scenario

Estimated groundwater concentrations and breakthrough times for Fluazinam are presented in 

Table 1 for the Florida Citrus - FL Central Ridge, Polk County - (Tampa) Met File (12842.dvf) -

Astatula sand, hrgb A groundwater scenario. A graphical presentation of the daily 

concentrations in the aquifer is presented in Figure 1. These values were generated with the 

PRZM-GW (Version 1.07). Critical input values for the model are summarized in Tables 2 and 3.

Table 1. Groundwater Results for Fluazinam and the Florida Citrus - FL Central Ridge, Polk 

County - (Tampa) Met File (12842.dvf) - Astatula sand, hrgb A Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 103

Post-Breakthrough Mean 

Concentration (ppb)

 101

Entire Simulation Mean 

Concentration (ppb)

 66.5

Average Breakthrough 

Time (days)

20346.26

Throughputs 1.777329

Table 2. Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Fluazinam.

Koc (ml/g) 1958

Surface Soil Half Life (days) 247

Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0

Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0

Henry's Constant 0.0

Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0
11

Table 3. Pesticide application scheme used for Fluazinam. This application scheme was 

applied every year of the simulation.

Application Days 

Relative to 

Emergence Date 

(01/01)

Application Method Application Rate

(kg/ha)

0 Above canopy application 1.884

14 Above canopy application 1.884

28 Above canopy application 1.884

42 Above canopy application 1.884

56 Above canopy application 1.884

Figure 1. Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Fluazinam and the Florida Citrus - FL Central Ridge, 

Polk County - (Tampa) Met File (12842.Dvf) - Astatula Sand, Hrgb A Scenario