Table 2.--Number of canceled licenses and inactive registrations (FY 1977)

State

Licensed
dealers

Animal exhibitors

Licensed | Registered

Registered
research
facilities

TOTAL U.S.

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia

Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Towa

Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri

Montana
Nebraska
Nevada

New Hampshire
New Jersey

New Mexico
New York

North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio

Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina

South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Dist. of Columbia

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21


Licensed Dealers

The Act's Licensing requirement for dealers applies to certain animal
breeders, wholesale pet dealers, suppliers of laboratory animals or ,
specimens, traders and importers of wild animals, animal transporters, and
animal brokers. The 1976 Animal Welfare Act Amendments also require
licensing of dealers handling hunting dogs, guard dogs, and dogs sold for
breeding. However, the 1976 amendments exempt persons with limited sales,
if their gross income is not over $500 per year and sales don't include wild
animals, dogs, or cats.

By the end of FY 1977, the number of active dealers licensed was 4,638
(see Appendix, table 1). During the year, 336 dealers dropped their
licenses and 677 were newly Licensed.

Animal Exhibitors

Exhibitors are persons who exhibit animals to the public for compensation,
if these animals were purchased in commerce or if their intended distribution
affects commerce. The term specifically includes animal acts, carnivals,
circuses, and zoos, whether operated for profit or not. Exhibitors must be
licensed or registered. Licensed and registered exhibitors as well as
Federal agencies exhibiting animals are required to comply with USDA
standards of animal care.

Currently exempt from both licensing and registration under the Act are
private animal collections, purebred dog and cat shows, and fairs
and exhibitions intended to advance agriculture arts and sciences.

At the end of FY 1977, 848 exhibitors were licensed and 396 were
registered. During the year, the number of licensed exhibitors went up by
176 while the number of registrants went down by 68.

The major reason for this change was due to APHIS' reviewing the business
operations of registered exhibitors. They are now required to become
licensed if, in addition to exhibiting, they are engaged in any other
regulated activity.


NORTHERN REGION (Con.)

DISTRICT 2 (MI)
Dr. R. M. Scott

AREA 5 Veterinarian in Charge

5610 Crawfordsville Rd., Suite 1000
Indianapolis, IN 46224

Phone: (317) 269-6132

Dr. Paul Kramer

DISTRICT 1 (IL)
Dr. W. C. Evans
DISTRICT 2 (IN)
Dr. R. R. Geyer

AREA 6 Veterinarian in Charge
555 Wabasha St.

St. Paul, MN 55102

Phone: (612) 725-7691

Dr. B. D. Ward

DISTRICT 1 (MN)
Dr. J. E. Thomas
DISTRICT 2 (WI)
Dr. A. McLaughlin

SOUTHEAST REGION

Regional Director's Office

841 Federal Bldg.

Hyattsville, MD 20782

Phone: (301) 436-8210

Dr. M. J. Tillery, Regional Director
Dr. D. Philson, Asst. Reg. Director

AREA 7 Veterinarian in Charge
Suite 220, Maryland Farms,
Brentwood, TN 37207

Phone: (615) 749-5594

Dr. J. B. Anderson

DISTRICT 1 (KY)
Dr. P. Winner
DISTRICT 2 (TN)
Dr. J. H. Duke

29

SOUTHEAST REGION (Con.)

AREA 8 Veterinarian in Charge
400 Milner Bldg.

Lamar and Pearl Streets
Jackson, MS 39205

Phone: (601) 969-4307

Dr. S. C. Gartman

DISTRICT 1 (MS)

Dr. R. A. Rice
DISTRICT 2 (AL)
Dr. F. Hines

AREA 9 Veterinarian in Charge
P.O. Box 11598

Columbia, SC 29211

Phone: _ (803) 765-5612

Dr. N. Schultz

DISTRICT 1 (SC, NC)
Dr. D. Person
DISTRICT 2 (GA)
Dr. P. M. Eppele

AREA 10 Veterinarian in Charge
P.0. Box 660400

Miami Springs, FL 33166
Phone: (305) 592-3210

Dr. W. W. Bird

DISTRICT 1 (PR, VI)
Dr. C. Miranda
DISTRICT 2 (FL)
Dr. A. E. Hall

SOUTH CENTRAL REGION

Regional Director's Office

844 Federal Bldg.

Hyattsville, MD 20782

Phone: (301) 436-8220

Dr. J. H. Wommack, Regional Director
Dr. L. Hill, Asst. Regional Director

AREA 11 Veterinarian in Charge
Room 532, New Federal Bldg.
200 NW. Sth Street

Oklahoma City, OK 73102
Phone: (405) 231-4335

Dr. Allen G. Spreitzer


‘ ‘hey Need Proper Care To Travel By Air (September 1977)
=. JHEY NEED PROPER CARE TO TRAVEL BY AIR (Poster--September 1977)

The latter three publications were part of a concentrated campaign
to publicize the new animal air transportation regulations. The
campaign was built around the theme, "Pets--they need proper care to travel
by air," and utilized the poster, fact sheet, and leaflet. These materials
were distributed through airlines, travel agents, and practicing
veterinarians. Press releases advising the public of their availability
resulted in numerous requests for the materials.

To further promote humane handling and care of animals, APHIS
participated at pet trade shows and displayed its exhibit titled, "APHIS

- LOVES ANIMALS," along with selected publications for distribution to those
affected by animal welfare regulations.

Public Correspondence

During FY 1977, APHIS answered 1,274 lettere on animal care and
treatment including many referred by members of Congress.

For the most part, these letters expressed an opinion, registered
a complaint, or requested information on such animal welfare policies
and issues as:

-- Use and treatment of animals in research work, at zoos and other
animal exhibitions, in the production of movies, and by individual pet
owners (627 letters).

-- USDA's position on the plight of stray and homeless animals, pet
overpopulation, and animal-fighting ventures (166 letters).

-- Pet transportation requirements in the Animal Welfare Act and
the policies of individual carriers (305 letters).

~- Published proposed standards for humane care and treatment of
marine mammals (11 letters).

-- The American Museum of Natural History's animal research projects.
Examples of specific questions are:

1. Why does the USDA allow the cruel and inhumane breeding and
raising of dogs in so-called "puppy mill" operations?

13


776X938-13

Under the Act, sick animals must receive prompt and adequate veterinary
care. This is one of the things APHIS inspectors look for when checking
facilities.

In FY 1977, APHIS inspectors reported that the standards of veterinary
care were met at practically. all registered research sites. Discrepancies
noted at a few registered research facilities were corrected.


inspectors have found these animals to be in very good condition and well
cared for. There are exceptions, and the Department is usually made aware.
of one or two shows a year which are not properly caring for their animals.

The Department usually inspects circuses and animal acts about twice a
year--once in winter quarters and once on the road. However, when a show
with problems is encountered, it may be inspected weekly or monthly, until
the problems are corrected. If necessary, local officials may be brought in
to assist in obtaining compliance. It has been the Department's experience,
however, that the majority of these animals are well cared for. The trainer
must make a living for his family with these animals, and anything which
affects’ the animals' well-being affects his family as well.

The largest number of complaints concerning traveling shows usually
involve small animal acts or "petting zoo" type operations, which work
almost exclusively in shopping malls. This type of operation moves around
rapidly with no set itinerary. By the time complaints are received, the
show has moved on and is very difficult to find. This usually results in
a string of complaints, from city to city, and State to State, until the
show is finally located. There are some very good small shows working this
type of operation, and there are some poor shows, i.e., with respect to care
and treatment of animals. Investigation of legitimate complaints is given
high priority, and the Department has found that less than half of the
complaints investigated involve violations of the Animal Welfare Act or its
regulations. A large number of complaints are the result of misunderstanding,
lack of information, or from placing human characteristics and attributes
to animals. The Department encourages the reporting of possible violations
however, as it would rather investigate 100 complaints than allow one
substandard operation to continue business as usual.

Research Facilities
Research facilities using animals regulated under the Act are subject to
registration which involves no fees. They must comply with regulations and
standards under the Act and undergo inspections. Types of institutions
presently registered are State-owned and privately owned laboratories,
clinics, hospitals, colleges, universities, drug firms, and large scale
diagnostic laboratories.

At the end of FY 1977, a total of 1,024 active research factlittes
were registered, involving inspections at about 2,100 research sites (see
Appendix, table 1).

Exempt from registration as research facilities are schools below the
college level, institutions not using live animals in research, and Federal
agencies. However, Federal agencies must comply with APHIS standards for
animal care and treatment and must send APHIS an annual report on the use
of laboratory animals.


AREA 19 Veterinarian in Charge
P.O. Box 2108

Salem, OR 97308

Phone: (503) 339-5871

Dr. R. L. Evinger

DISTRICT 1 (1D)

Dr. C. Watson
DISTRICT 2 (WA, AK, OR)
Dr. D. Mitchell

4 U, 8, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1978 262-491/65

31


As in the past, the Department relied on Administrative proceedings to
prosecute most alleged violations reported. Minor violations are often closed
with a letter of warning.

In cases concerning violations which are not minor, an administrative
proceeding is initiated by the filing and service of a complaint.
Penalties are recommended on a case by case basis. In addition to
suspending or revoking a license, or imposing a money penalty, the Secretary
of Agriculture may also order a person to cease and desist from continuing
a violation. Any person who knowingly fails to obey such cease and
desist order is subject to civil penalty of $500 for each offense.

PUBLIC INFORMATION ACTIVITIES

Public information support for Veterinary Services’ animal welfare
activities is handled by the APHIS Information Division. Information
materials generated on animal welfare are distributed through public
media. Mailings are made to target audiences such as humane societies;
publishers of trade magazines; and other national, regional, State,
and local organizations that publish information on animal welfare.
Regional information offices of APHIS distribute information of local
interest to newspapers and other local media.

Press Releases and Publications
Press releases issued on animal welfare principally report
charges against licensees and registrants and the outcome of these
procedures. APHIS finds that when it publicizes animal welfare
violations, people take notice and become more diligent in upholding
Federal standards of animal care.
During FY 1977, APHIS issued 36 press releases on the animal
welfare program, plus the following new or revised publications:
+ LICENSING AND REGISTRATION UNDER THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT
Dealers, Exhibitors, Researchers, Transporters (Revised July 1977)
-- THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT, How It Protects Your Dog and Cat
(April 1977; Slightly Revised--September 1977)

-- APHIS FACTS ABOUT ... PETS

12


Animal
Welfare
Enforcement

1977

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY

OF AGRICULTURE

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE
AND THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
OF REPRESENTATIVES

> United States Issued

‘8 Department April 1978
28 of Agriculture


REGULATORY CHANGES

As directed by the Animal Welfare Act Amendments of 1976, the Department
promulgated regulations and standards relative to the humane care and
handling of certain warmblooded animals while transported in commerce.

Final rulemaking, which became effective in September 1977, concerned health
certification, minimum age for puppies and kittens, shipments of certain
animals transported in commerce and transportation standards for shipping
containers, scheduling of shipments, feeding and watering, care in transit,
handling, temperatures, and terminal facilities.

No funds were appropriated for enforcement of the 1976 Animal Welfare
Act Amendments in fiscal years 1976 and 1977. For fiseal year 1978, a
total of $508,000 was appropriated for enforcement of the animal transportation
provisions. No funds were appropriated for enforeing the animal fighting
prohibitions of the Act.

Proposed Federal Health Certificates

Section 2.79 of the Animal Welfare Act regulations requires that
dogs, cats, and nonhuman primates shipped by any dealer, research
facility, exhibitor, operator of an auction sale, or department, agency,
or instrumentality of the Federal, State, or local governments, must be
accompanied by a health certificate issued by a licensed veterinarian no more
than 10 days before delivery for transportation. Exempted are pet animals
shipped by a private citizen who does not meet the definition of a dealer,
research facility, or exhibitor. Animals transported by private vehicle are
also exempted.

The Department proposes to print and distribute the Individual Animal
Health Certificate (VS Form 18-1) and the Multiple Animal Health Certificate
(VS Form 18-2) for this purpose. These certificates also meet the needs of
various industry related groups, as well as the certification requirements for
export to foreign countries, and the requirements of most States
of destination.

The Department consulted with the United States Animal Health Association
and final agreement was reached on the basic format for the Individual
Animal Health Certificates (VS Form 18-1) and VS Form 18-2. Both forms
are now in the final drafting stages for printing.

APHIS would accept the certificate in place of two types of shipping
forms presently required. The certificate also would be designed to meet
requirements of all governmental and private agencies and organizations
that require certification of health or status of immunization against
disease. And it would also meet certification requirements for international
shipment of dogs and cats. Potentially, the certificate would avoid
duplication of forms and save money and effort for all who are involved in
shipping dogs and cats.

17


U.S. Animal Health Association.

Western World Pet Supply Association.

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association.

Ohio Federation of Dog Fanciers.

Midwest Professional Dog Breeders and Brokers Association.
Michigan Veterinary Medical Association.

American Association for Laboratory Animal Science.

Ohio Veterinary Medical Association.

International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine.

PROPOSED COVERAGE OF MARINE MAMMALS

The Animal Welfare Act of 1970 covers most warmblooded animals.
Certain groups were given temporary exempt status for one reason or another.
Marine or aquatic mammals were included on the exempt list because
sufficient information was not available at the time on which to base
sound enforceable regulations.

The Marine Mammal Commission was created under the Marine Mammal
Protection Act of 1972. The Commission, along with its committee of
nine scientific advisors, was to be an advisory commission to all Federal
Government agencies on any matter that involved marine mammals.

The Commission has recommended that the Department remove marine
mammals from the list of exempt animals and bring them under the full
coverage of the Animal Welfare Act. To support this recommendation,
the Commission assembled the necessary technical and scientific information
and furnished it to the Department which used it as the basis for proposed
regulations. The Secretary is now prepared to remove marine mammals from
exemption.

On August 18, 1977, a proposed rule-making was published in the Federal
Register which would set standards and provide regulations for the humane
handling, care, treatment, and transportation of marine mammals. A 60-day
comment period was designated to allow public comment on the proposed
regulations. During the comment period, three informal public hearings
were held at different locations in the United States for the purpose of
inviting public comment. Hearing notices were published in the Federal
Register. Meetings were held in Los Angeles, CA, on September 26, 1977,
Miami Springs, FL, on September 29, 1977, and in College Park, MD, on
October 18, 1977. The proceedings of the hearings were recorded as a
matter of public record.

The comment period ended on October 18, 1977, and the Department is
currently evaluating the comments, both oral and written, and is in the
process of rewriting the regulations for publication at a later date. At
this time, the Department is considering publishing the regulations as a
xeproposed rule-making because of several radical changes that are being
considered as a result of public comments. The final rule-making will
follow after a brief comment period and will become effective shortly
thereafter.

15


776X945~-23

APHIS inspectors make unannounced calls at licensees' and registrants’

facilities to make sure they are complying with rules, regulations and
standards.

During FY 1977, APHIS conducted 2,423 prelicensing inspections (see
Appendix, Table 6).


INTRODUCTION

The Animal Welfare Act is administered by the Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
It is composed of laws passed in 1966, 1970, and 1976. The intent of this
legislation is to protect large groups of nonfarm animals from substandard
care and treatment. The activities of animal dealers, exhibitors, operators
of auction sales, research facilities, carriers, and other persons subject
to the Act are regulated by APHIS' Veterinary Services.

Formerly, APHIS submitted its annual report to Congress on a calendar
year basis. Pursuant to the regulations published under the 1976 amendments
to the Animal Welfare Act, the Agency now reports on the Federal fiscal
year basis. The changeover resulted in some overlapping of information
and data. This report covers the last 9 months (January 1 - September 30)
of FY 1977. The first 3 months of FY 1977 (October 1 - December 31, 1976)
were included in the 1976 calendar year report.

Enforcement Officials
Veterinary Services has a field force operating from 18 areas and 40
district offices throughout the United States (see Appendix, address list).
This field force consists of veterinarians, investigators, and animal
health technicians.

Animal Welfare enforcement in the field is coordinated by the Animal
Care Staff, located in Hyattsville, MD., near Washington, D.C. (see Appendix,
address list). This six-member staff consists of specialists in various
aspects of humane animal care. It is responsible for formulating, organizing,
and executing national programs of inspection and humane handling, including
safe transport, of laboratory, exhibition, and pet animals. It also
evaluates programs and procedures, organizes and conducts training courses,
and assists in administration of the Act nationwide. Further, it coordinates
investigations of alleged violations of regulations.


on

Table 4.--"Other" an:

{male used in experimentation (FY1977*)

*Period covered:

1/1/77 - 9/30/77.

(A tabulation of animals listed as “other” in Table 3)

State Guinea pigs Hamsters Rabbits Wild animals
TOTAL U.S. 348,741 393,533 439,003 46,535
Alabama 427 1,168 2,163 114
Alaska 20 4 - 278
Arizona 1,516 207 1,715 155
Arkansas - - 115 10
California 28,715 16,324 47,480 6,673
Colorado 6,345 2,316 4,610 461
Connecticut 6,106 3,918 4,448 565
Delaware 3,625 2,220 648 32
Florida 2,350 2,230 12,628 778
Georgia 1,109 15,275 3,699 777
Hawaii 354 624 79 69
Idaho 126 48 116 704
T1linois 16,854 22,014 35,849 2,879
Indiana 15,720 4,968 7,683 1,226
Towa 16,412 44,628 5,766 539
Kansas 11,127 31,014 5,212 1,670
Kentucky 1,440 4,022 985 15
Louisiana 1,491 1,299 1,827 739
Maine 46 162 5,399 46
Maryland 7,809 5,689 7,611 85
Massachusetts 17,040 13,279 14,951 3,116
Michigan 16,429 23,945 15,583 3,158
Minnesota 5,254 1,773 5,690 1,959
Mississippi 128 1,487 626 52
Missouri 7,131 17,678 13,705 1,954
Montana 351 46 242 123
Nebraska 879 9,859 1,503 405
Nevada 140 2 52 199
New Hampshire 79 1,416 333 200
New Jersey 30,735 39,965 79,965 943
New Mexico 1,171 6,586 538 317
New York 44,723 28,796 36,661 6,301
North Carolina 6,093 5,418 6,265 242
North Dakota 151 40 397 89
Ohio 15,748 5,700 12,379 755
Oklahoma 337 134 303 -
Oregon 494 252 1,424 1,248
Pennsylvania 24,342 28,342 28,012 2,239
Rhode Island 84 551 293 209

South Carolina 402 2,219 1,008 13
South Dakota 300 445 177 47
Tennessee 2,479 5,718 5,291 223
Texas 9,564 17,321 18,347 2,378
Utah 661 20 1,812 381
Vermont 46 770 1,006 111
Virginia 4,361 1,483 6,413 755
Washington 13,393 2,500 4,922 184
West Virginia 1,432 116 914 -
Wisconsin 5,036 6,493 7,108 456
Wyoming 80 261 79 126
Puerto Rico 2 - 215 -
Virgin Islands - - - -
Dist. of Columbia 358 1,279 975 37
Federal Agencies 17,656 11,440 23,141 502

23


Table 7.--Number of ci

a closed (1977)

State

Total
closed

Penalty
imposed

Cases closed
without prejudice*

Notice
issued

TOTAL U.S.

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia

Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa

Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri

Montana
Nebraska
Nevada

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio

Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands

71

PRE RORNI

2
1
1
1
2

pret

wet

21

wie

15

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*Includes cases which further action is not warranted.

35

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27


CONTENTS

The Animal Welfare Act... + +s e+ ee ees
Introduction . . 6 6 ee ee ee he ee ee
Enforcement Officials .. 1... +e eee
Protected Animals... 6 ee ee ee ee

Licensees and Registrants... . +++ +e eee ee
Cancelled Licenses and Inactive Registrations .

License Fees... + + © © ee ee ees
Licensed Dealers . . 2 6 2 ee ee eee
Animal Exhibitors ... ee ew
Circuses and Traveling Animal Acts...
Research Facilities... 2... + sees
Reports from Research Facilities ......-+.
Registered Research Facilities .....
Federal Laboratories .... +++ +++
Adequate Veterinary Care... + eee
Inspections .... + +e + eee oe oe
New Animal Welfare Specialist unit eee
Investigations of Public Complaints .. .
Prelicensing Inspections ..... +. -
Recurring Compliance Inspections ... .
In-Transit Inspections ......++-+-.
Searches . . 1. 1 6 ee eee ee ees
Prosecuting Apparent Violations ...... =.
Notice of Apparent Violations ......
Legal Action... 2 6 ee ee ee eee
Public Information Activities .....+-.--
Press Releases and Publications .....
Public Correspondence .. . ee ee ee
Freedom of Information Activity eee ee
National Meetings ... 2. see ee eee
Proposed Coverage of Marine Mammals .....
Commercial Carriers and Intermediate Handlers
Now Under Act... ee ee ee eee eee
Regulatory Changes . - 2 2 se eee ee ee ee
Proposed Federal Health Certificates ..
Implementing the Animal Fighting Ban. .
Legislative Recommendations ......-.
Appendix (Tables 1-7)... 2. 1. ee ee eee
Address List of APHIS Officials ..... +.
Separates
List of Licensed Dealers
List of Registered Research Facilities
List of Licensed Exhibitors
List of Registered Exhibitors

Page

»
WODDADADADAUSWWUNNNNEEE


Animal
Welfare
Enforcement

1977

Report of the Secretary
of Agriculture
to the President of the Senate

and the Speaker of the House
of Representatives


In

3.

general, the following areas are being considered:

Retain definitions in Section 2 of the Act, especially
the terms "dealer" and “exhibitor” and their relation
to the term "retail pet store".

The term "less than a substantial portion of his income"
which appears in section 3 of the Act.

In addition to the above, there is a need to consider
amending Section 13 of the Act. Presently, it requires
that any dog or cat (or other animal designated by the
regulations) which is delivered (by specified persons)

in commerce, or received for transportation in commerce,
must be accompanied by a certificate issued by a licensed
veterinarian. The Department has an established system
for the accreditation of veterinarians who perform official
duties with regard to animal health laws and regulations.
Under this system, the veterinarian is responsible to the
Department for the proper performance of his duties as an
accredited veterinarian. Under consideration is an
amendment to Section 13 which would require the health
certificate to be issued by a USDA accredited veterinarian.

19


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25