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About

Overview

The InterAcademy Council is requested to conduct an independent review of the IPCC processes and 

the procedures by which it prepares its assessments of climate change.

IAC is asked to establish a Committee of experts from relevant fields to conduct the review and to 

present recommendations on possible revisions of IPCC processes and procedures. In particular the 

IAC Committee of experts is asked to recommend measures and actions to strengthen the IPCC’s 

processes and procedures so as to be better able to respond to future challenges and ensure the 

ongoing quality of its reports

About IAC

InterAcademy Council: Mobilizing the world's best science to advise decision-makers on issues of 

global concern

Expert Advice. The InterAcademy Council (IAC) is a multinational organization of science 

academies created to produce reports on scientific, technological, and health issues related to the 

great global challenges of our time, providing knowledge and advice to national governments and 

international organizations. Sound scientific, technological, and medical knowledge is fundamental to 

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addressing critical issues facing the world today – economic transformation and globalization; 

sustainable use of natural resources; reduction of poverty, hunger, and disease.

Sharing Knowledge. At the United Nations in February 2004, the IAC released its first report, 

Inventing a Better Future – A Strategy for Building Worldwide Capacities in Science and Technology. 

A second IAC report, commissioned by the U.N. Secretary-General and published in June 2004, was 

titled Realizing the Promise and Potential of African Agriculture – Science and Technology Strategies 

for Improving Agricultural Productivity and Food Security in Africa. A third report was published in 

June 2006, Women for Science. A fourth report was published in October 2007, Lighting the Way: 

Toward a Sustainable Energy Future. Planned IAC studies will also address critical global issues – 

such as enhancing global surveillance of emerging infectious diseases; improving global water quality 

and availability; and scientific ethics and responsibilities. On 10 March 2010, the Secretary-General 

of the United Nations and the IPCC Chairman requested IAC to undertake a review of the processes 

and procedures of the InterGovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Global Experience. The IAC embodies the collective expertise and experience of national academies 

from all regions of the world. The current eighteen-member InterAcademy Council Board is 

composed of presidents of fifteen academies of science and equivalent organizations—representing 

Brazil, Chile, China, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Turkey, the United 

Kingdom, and the United States, plus the African Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences 

for the Developing World (TWAS)—and representatives of the InterAcademy Panel (IAP) of 

scientific academies, the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological 

Sciences (CAETS), and the InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP) of medical academies. Official 

observers on the IAC Board include the presidents of the International Council for Science (ICSU) 

and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).

Independent Judgment. When requested to provide advice on a particular issue, the IAC assembles 

an international panel of experts. Serving on a voluntary basis, panel members meet and review 

current, cutting-edge knowledge on the topic; and prepare a draft report on its findings, conclusions, 

and recommendations. All IAC draft reports undergo an intensive process of peer-review by other 

international experts. Only when the IAC Board is satisfied that feedback from the peer review has 

been thoughtfully considered and incorporated is a final report released to the requesting organization 

and the public. Every effort is made to ensure that IAC reports are free from any national or regional 

bias.

Diversified Funding. IAC projects are funded by multiple sponsors, including national governments, 

private foundations, and international organizations. Administrative expenses are provided by special 

grants from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Participating academies contribute 

not only intellectual resources but also funding for developing new projects and special activities.

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What do you think?

Submit your comments about the IPCC assessment process to the committee.

Comment

InterAcademy Council

P.O. Box 19121, 1000 GC 

Amsterdam, The Netherlands 

Tel. +31 (0)20 551 0884 

Fax. +31 (0)20 890 8499 

E-mail. secretariat@interacademycouncil.net

Members of the IAC Board represent the following scientific organizations

• Académie des Sciences, France

• Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS)

• Academy of Science of South Africa

• African Academy of Sciences

• Argentina National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences

• Australian Academy of Science

• Brazilian Academy of Sciences

• Chinese Academy of Sciences

• German National Academy of Sciences

• Indian National Science Academy

• Indonesian Academy of Sciences

• InterAcademy Medical Panel

• InterAcademy Panel on International Issues

• International Council for Science (ICSU)

• International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences

• Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

• Science Council of Japan

• The Royal Society, United Kingdom

• Turkish Academy of Sciences

• U.S. National Academy of Sciences

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• About 

◦ Overview

◦ About IAC

◦ Media

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◦ Bios

◦ Statement of Task

• Action Plan 

◦ Review Steps

◦ Submit Comments

• Report 

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• News

Media Contacts

William Kearney 

InterAcademy Council 

U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 

+1 202-334-2144; wkearney@interacademycouncil.net

 

Irene van Houten 

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 

+31 20 5510733 

irene.van.houten@bureau.knaw.nl 

 

Alice Henchley 

The Royal Society, London 

+44 207 451 2514 

alice.henchley@royalsociety.org

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What do you think?

Submit your comments about the IPCC assessment process to the committee.

Comment

InterAcademy Council

P.O. Box 19121, 1000 GC 

Amsterdam, The Netherlands 

Tel. +31 (0)20 551 0884 

Fax. +31 (0)20 890 8499 

E-mail. secretariat@interacademycouncil.net

Members of the IAC Board represent the following scientific organizations

• Académie des Sciences, France

• Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS)

• Academy of Science of South Africa

• African Academy of Sciences

• Argentina National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences

• Australian Academy of Science

• Brazilian Academy of Sciences

• Chinese Academy of Sciences

• German National Academy of Sciences

• Indian National Science Academy

• Indonesian Academy of Sciences

• InterAcademy Medical Panel

• InterAcademy Panel on International Issues

• International Council for Science (ICSU)

• International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences

• Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

• Science Council of Japan

• The Royal Society, United Kingdom

• Turkish Academy of Sciences

• U.S. National Academy of Sciences

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• Home

• InterAcademy Council website

• Contact

• About 

◦ Overview

◦ About IAC

◦ Media

• Committee 

◦ Bios

◦ Statement of Task

• Action Plan 

◦ Review Steps

◦ Submit Comments

• Report 

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• Action Plan - Commitee Process

Action Plan - Commitee Process

• Establishment of Committee

The study is conducted by a committee selected expressly for that purpose. A careful 

search and selection process is followed to assemble an impartial committee of the 

highest competence and with the necessary range of expertise.

◦

• Information Gathering & Analysis

The committee meets several times to gather input, deliberate, and prepare a report. 

Information is also gathered and discussed between meetings.

◦

• Report Preparation

The report is the product of a consensus-building process. Several drafts are often 

required to produce a report that clearly presents the commitee’s conclusions and 

recommendations.

◦

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• Peer Review

The report is peer reviewed using guidelines established by IAC to help ensure the report 

meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the 

committee task. The review of the report is overseen by individuals appointed by the 

IAC, who are responsible for ensuring that all review comments were carefully 

considered. 

◦

• Final Report

The revised report is approved for release by the IAC. Responsibility for the final content 

of the report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the IAC.

◦

InterAcademy Council

P.O. Box 19121, 1000 GC 

Amsterdam, The Netherlands 

Tel. +31 (0)20 551 0884 

Fax. +31 (0)20 890 8499 

E-mail. secretariat@interacademycouncil.net

Members of the IAC Board represent the following scientific organizations

• Académie des Sciences, France

• Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS)

• Academy of Science of South Africa

• African Academy of Sciences

• Argentina National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences

• Australian Academy of Science

• Brazilian Academy of Sciences

• Chinese Academy of Sciences

• German National Academy of Sciences

• Indian National Science Academy

• Indonesian Academy of Sciences

• InterAcademy Medical Panel

• InterAcademy Panel on International Issues

• International Council for Science (ICSU)

• International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences

• Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

• Science Council of Japan

• The Royal Society, United Kingdom

• Turkish Academy of Sciences

• U.S. National Academy of Sciences

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• Home

• InterAcademy Council website

• Contact

• About 

◦ Overview

◦ About IAC

◦ Media

• Committee 

◦ Bios

◦ Statement of Task

• Action Plan 

◦ Review Steps

◦ Submit Comments

• Report 

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• Public Comments

Public Comments

A critical element of the InterAcademy Council committee’s analysis is the opinions of 

knowledgeable experts and thoughtful observers regarding IPCC’s processes and procedures for 

producing assessments.

The aggregated written input, with all names and affiliations removed, will be made available to the 

public following release of the report. 

Thank you for your input. 

Answer Questionnaire

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What do you think?

Submit your comments about the IPCC assessment process to the committee.

Comment

InterAcademy Council

P.O. Box 19121, 1000 GC 

Amsterdam, The Netherlands 

Tel. +31 (0)20 551 0884 

Fax. +31 (0)20 890 8499 

E-mail. secretariat@interacademycouncil.net

Members of the IAC Board represent the following scientific organizations

• Académie des Sciences, France

• Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS)

• Academy of Science of South Africa

• African Academy of Sciences

• Argentina National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences

• Australian Academy of Science

• Brazilian Academy of Sciences

• Chinese Academy of Sciences

• German National Academy of Sciences

• Indian National Science Academy

• Indonesian Academy of Sciences

• InterAcademy Medical Panel

• InterAcademy Panel on International Issues

• International Council for Science (ICSU)

• International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences

• Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

• Science Council of Japan

• The Royal Society, United Kingdom

• Turkish Academy of Sciences

• U.S. National Academy of Sciences

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• Contact

• About 

◦ Overview

◦ About IAC

◦ Media

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◦ Bios

◦ Statement of Task

• Action Plan 

◦ Review Steps

◦ Submit Comments

• Report 

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• Committee Biographies

IAC Review of IPCC

Biographies of Review Committee

Harold T. SHAPIRO (Canada/US), economist and President Emeritus of Princeton University and 

the University of Michigan, is a professor in the Department of Economics and the Woodrow Wilson 

School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. His fields of special interest in 

economics include econometrics, bioethics, science policy and the evolution of postsecondary 

education. He joined the faculty of the University of Michigan, where in 1977 he was named Vice 

President for Academic Affairs and elected President in 1980. In 1988, he took office as President of 

Princeton University, serving in that position until 2001 when he became President Emeritus. He 

continued to teach during his presidencies at both Princeton and Michigan. He served as a member 

and Vice Chair of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology from 1990 to 1992 

during the administration of President George H. W. Bush. He also served President Bill Clinton’s 

administration as Chair of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission from 1996 to 2001. He is 

author of several books, including A Larger Sense of Purpose: Higher Education and Society

(Princeton University Press, 2005). In 2008, he was awarded the Clark Kerr Medal for Distinguished 

Leadership in Higher Education, presented annually by the University of California–Berkeley 

Academic Senate. He is an elected Member of the Institute of Medicine of the United States National 

Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. He is a Fellow of the College of 

Physicians of Philadelphia, an active Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, and a 

Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He serves on a number of 

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boards of charitable, medical, and educational institutions, including the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; 

Technion–Israel Institute of Technology; the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; 

and DeVry Inc., where he is Chairman of the Board. Dr. Shapiro received his undergraduate degree 

from McGill University in 1956 and his Ph.D. from Princeton in 1964, both in economics. 

Roseanne DIAB (South Africa) is the Executive Officer of the Academy of Science of South Africa 

(ASSAf) and Emeritus Professor and Honorary Senior Research Associate at the University of 

KwaZulu-Natal in Durban. She is a Member of ASSAf and is recognized for her research 

contributions in the field of atmospheric sciences, particularly air quality and tropospheric ozone. She 

chairs the Editorial Board of the South African Journal of Science, and serves on the Editorial boards 

of the South African Geographic Journal, and Atmospheric Environment. Prof Diab has been a 

Fulbright senior research scholar, and has served as a member of a number of international 

commissions, including the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (CACGP), 

the International Ozone Commission (IOC) and the Scientific Steering Committee of Stratospheric 

Ozone Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC). She is a fellow of the South African 

Geographical Society and of the University of Natal. Dr. Diab has a Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences 

from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (USA).

Carlos Henrique de BRITO CRUZ (Brazil) is the Scientific Director of the São Paulo Research 

Foundation (FAPESP), in Brazil, and Professor at the "Gleb Wataghin" Physics Institute at the 

University of Campinas (Unicamp). Previously he served as Rector of the University of Campinas 

(Unicamp; 2002-2005), President of FAPESP (1996-2002), Dean of Research at Unicamp (1994-

1998) and as Director of the Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute at Unicamp (1991-1994 and 1998-

2002). From 1995 to 1999 served as Vice-President of the Brazilian Physics Society (SBF). Brito 

Cruz served in several committees in funding agencies, science related organizations and universities 

and presently he presides the Council for Technology and Competitiveness at the Federation of 

Industries of the State of São Paulo (FIESP) and is a member of the Telefónica I+D Advisory Board 

and the Microsoft Research External Research Advisory Board. His research interests are the study of 

ultrafast phenomena using femtosecond lasers, in which he leads a research laboratory at the Physics 

Institute at Unicamp, and science policy. He authored or co-authored more than 100 scientific papers 

and conference presentations, supervised 11 Doctoral Thesis (two in co-supervision) and 10 Master 

Dissertations (one as co-supervisor). In 2000 he was awarded the Order of Scientific Merit by 

thePresident of Brazil for his contributions to science and technology, and in 2004 he received the 

"Conrado Wessel" General Science Prize for his scientific career. Brito Cruz has been faculty at 

Unicamp since 1982. During 1986 and 1987 he worked as a resident visitor at AT&T Bell 

Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey and in 1990 he had a three-month visitor engagement at Bell 

Labs, Murray Hill, New Jersey. Prof. Brito Cruz also worked short terms as a visitor at the Quantum 

Optics Laboratory at the University of Rome(1981-1982) and at the Laboratoire de Physique des 

Solides at the Université Pierre and Marie Curie in Paris (1988). Brito Cruz graduated in Electronics 

Engineering from the Aeronautics Technology Institute (ITA) in 1978, received a M.Sc. degree in 

physics in 1980, and a D.Sc. degree in physics in 1983, both from the "Gleb Wataghin" Physics 

Institute at Unicamp. He is a member of the Academy of Sciences of the State of São Paulo (ACIESP) 

and the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (ABC).

Maureen CROPPER (United States)is a Professor of Economics at the University of Maryland, a 

Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future, and a former Lead Economist at the World Bank. She has 

served as chair of the Environmental Protection Agency’s Science Advisory Board Environmental 

Economics Advisory Committee and as president of the Association of Environmental and Resource 

Economists. She is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and a Research 

Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Her research has focused on valuing 

environmental amenities (especially environmental health effects), on the discounting of future health 

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benefits, and on the tradeoffs implicit in environmental regulations. Her current research focuses on 

energy efficiency in India, on the impact of climate change on migration, and on the benefits of 

collective action in pandemic flu control. Dr. Cropper received a B.A. in Economics from Bryn Mawr 

College (summa cum laude, 1969) and a Ph.D. in Economics from Cornell University (1973).

Jingyun FANG (China) is Cheung Kong Professor and Chair, Department of Ecology, College of 

Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, in Beijing. He also serves as Academic 

Director of the College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, where he also taught as a professor 

from 1997 to today. His research interests include terrestrial carbon cycle, biodiversity and 

biogeography of plants, land use and land use change, and applications of remote sensing in 

ecology. From 1995 to 1997, he was Senior Scientist and Associate Director at Key Laboratory of 

Systems Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science. He worked as an assistant from May 1989 to 

November 1992, then as an associate scientist from December 1992 to December 1994 in the Center 

for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is a member of the Academy of 

Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has been 

awarded the HeLiangHeLi Science and Technology Progress Award (Life Science); Chang Jiang 

Scholars Achievement Award, China Ministry of Education and Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Foundation; 

National Natural Science Award of the State Council (the second class); and Natural Science Award 

of the China Ministry of Education (the first class). He was also recipient of the Yangtze Scholarship, 

China Ministry of Education and Yangtze Group. Dr. Fang holds a Ph.D. in biology from Osaka City 

University (Osaka, Japan).

Louise O. FRESCO (The Netherlands) is currently University Professor, University of Amsterdam, 

The Netherlands where she concentrates on issues of sustainability and scientific policy. She is a 

recognized global leader in issues of food and agriculture and a member of the Royal Netherlands 

Academy of Arts and Sciences, and foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture 

and Forestry and the Real Academia de Ingeniería. She worked at the United Nations Food and 

Agriculture Organization from 1997 through to 2006 – first as Director of Research, Extension and 

Training, and later as Assistant Director-General covering agriculture, biodiversity, water, climate 

change, soils, plant animal production, veterinary health and food and nutrition. She oversaw major 

reforms toward more flexibility in responding to worldwide agricultural crises and increased 

collaboration with the private sector and nongovernmental organizations. She has extensive 

understanding of international environmental negotiations and UN processes and has participated in 

many of the major environmental treaty meetings. Fresco obtained a Ph.D. in tropical agronomy (cum 

laude) from Wageningen University, where she held the chair of professor of plant production 

systems and led the Department of Agronomy where she pioneered many interdisciplinary research 

programs, including land use and soil nutrient modeling. She has published over 100 scientific papers 

and three books (while reports written while at the UN were not published by name), and hundreds of 

articles on popular science in Dutch. She served extensively on boards and evaluation committees for 

several Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centers. She was the 

founding chair of LUCC, a joint IGBP and IHDP program and land use and cover change. She is a 

member of the Socio-Economic Council of The Netherlands, the highest advisory body of the 

country. Beyond her scientific work serves as a non-executive director of Unilever International and 

as a board member of Rabobank, one of the largest cooperative banks in the world. She is deeply 

committed to shaping policy on sustainable agriculture and food consumption, the effects of climate 

change on vegetation and land use, and forging partnerships between the scientific, government and 

the non-governmental and private sector communities.

Syukuro MANABE (Japan/US) is a meteorologist who pioneered the use of computers to simulate 

global climate change and natural climate variations. He is currently a senior meteorologist at the 

Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Princeton University. Working at the Geophysical 

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Fluid Dynamics Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), first 

in Washington, D.C. and later in Princeton, New Jersey, he worked with director Joseph Smagorinsky 

to develop three-dimensional models of the atmosphere. He first came to the United States to work at 

the General Circulation Research Section of the U.S. Weather Bureau, now the Geophysical Fluid 

Dynamics Laboratory of NOAA, continuing until 1997. From 1997 to 2001, he worked at the Frontier 

Research System for Global Change in Japan serving as Director of the Global Warming Research 

Division. He is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, and a foreign member 

of Japan Academy, Academia Europaea and the Royal Society of Canada. In 1992, he was the first 

recipient of the Blue Planet Prize of the Asahi Glass Foundation. In 1997 he was awarded the Volvo 

Environmental Prize from the Volvo Environmental Foundation. He has also been honored with the 

American Meteorological Society’s Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, the American Geophysical 

Union’s Revelle Medal, and the Milutin Milankovitch Medal from the European Geophysical Society. 

Dr. Manabe received a Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo in 1958

Goverdhan MEHTA (India) is National Research Professor and Bhatnagar 

Fellow, Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He is a 

leading researcher in the area of chemical sciences and specializes in the area of organic 

chemistry. He is author of over 400 research papers and has delivered over 200 lectures in major 

conferences around the world. He is on the editorial boards of leading international journals in 

chemical sciences and organic chemistry and serves on the advisory boards of many research and 

development outfits and foundations worldwide. He has previously held positions as the Director of 

the Indian Institute of Science (1998-2005) and the President (Vice Chancellor) of the University of 

Hyderabad (1994-1998). He has been the President of the Indian National Science Academy (1999-

2001) and founding Co-Chair of the InterAcademy Council (2001-2006). He is a Fellow of the Royal 

Society, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Fellow of the Academy of 

Sciences of the Developing World (TWAS). Among the more than 30 medals and awards and 

numerous honorary doctorate degrees, he was awarded the civilian honor of Padma Sri (2000) by the 

President of India and Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur (2004) by the President of France. He is 

deeply interested in issues related to science and policy, science for sustainable development and is 

passionately committed to promoting and fostering international collaboration in science and 

technology with the object of bridging the knowledge divide. 

José Mario MOLINA-Pasquel Henríquez (Mexico/US) was a co-recipient (along Paul J. Crutzen 

and F. Sherwood Rowland) of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in elucidating the threat 

to the Earth’s ozone layer of chlorofluorocarbon gases. Between 1974 and 2004, he held research and 

teaching posts at the University of California, Irvine, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech, and the 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he held a joint appointment in the Department of 

Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and the Department of Chemistry. On July 1, 2004, he 

joined the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, and 

the Center for Atmospheric Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He is a member of 

the Pontifical Academy of Science, United States National Academy of Sciences, United States 

Institute of Medicine, and The National College of Mexico. He serves on the boards of several 

environmental organizations and also sits on a number of scientific committees, including the U.S. 

President's Committee of Advisors in Science and Technology, the Institutional Policy Committee, 

the Committee on Global Security and Sustainability of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur 

Foundation, and the Mario Molina Center. He has also received more than 18 honorary 

degrees. Asteroid 9680 Molina is named in his honor. After completing his basic studies in Mexico 

City and Switzerland, Dr. Molina earned a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering at the National 

Autonomous University of Mexico in 1965; a postgraduate degree from the Albert Ludwigs 

University of Freiburg, West German in 1967; and a doctoral degree in chemistry from the University 

of California, Berkeley, in 1972.He was an author of the IPCC fourth assessment.

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Sir Peter WILLIAMS FRS (United Kingdom) is Honorary Treasurer and Vice President of the 

Royal Society, Chancellor of the University of Leicester, and Chairman of the National Physical 

Laboratory. He is a non-executive director of GKN plc and of W.S. Atkins plc and a Trustee of Marie 

Curie Cancer Care. Previously, he was Chairman and Chief Executive of Oxford Instruments plc, 

Deputy Chief Executive of VG Instruments Ltd., Master of St. Catherine’s College Oxford, Chairman 

of Trustees of the Science Museum, Chairman of the Engineering & Technology Board, and 

Chairman of the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council. He was knighted in 1998 and is a 

Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Royal Academy of Engineering. Sir Peter has a Ph.D. in 

physics from Cambridge and began his academic career in Cambridge and Imperial College and then 

moved into private industry in 1975, returning to academic life as Master of St. Catherine’s Oxford in 

2000. 

Ernst-Ludwig WINNACKER (Germany) is Secretary General of the Human Frontier Science 

Program (HSFP). He was the first Secretary General of the European Research Council (January 2007 

- June 2009). After post-doctoral work in 1972, he became Assistant and then DFG Visiting Professor 

at the Institute for Genetics at the University of Cologne. In 1977 he took up the position of Associate 

Professor at the Institute of Biochemistry at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich where he 

was made full professor in 1980. His main fields of research are virus/cell interaction, the 

mechanisms of gene expression in higher cells, and prion diseases. From 1984 to 1997, he was 

Director of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the University of Munich Gene Center. In 1998 he 

was elected President of the German Research Foundation (DFG), a position he held until the end of 

2006. From 2003 to 2004 he was Chairman of the European Heads of Research Councils 

(EUROHORCs) and, from 2000 to 2004, Member of the European Group on Life Science 

(established by European Commissioner for Research Philippe Busquin). Prizes and distinctions 

include the Arthur Burckhardt Prize and the Zimmermann Prize for Cancer Research. Among other 

memberships, he is a member of the United States Institute of Medicine, of the Academia Europea 

and the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Dr. Winnacker holds a Dr. honoris causa 

from the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna and is a member of the Bavarian 

Maximiliansorden for the Sciences and the Art since 1999 . He is the recipient of the 2009 

International Science and Technology Cooperation Award of the People’s Republic of China, of the 

Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star of Japan (2009), of the Commanders’s Cross of the 

Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (2007). He was named a Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur 

in 2006 and received the Commander’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of 

Germany in 2006. Dr. Winnacker who is the author of several books and textbooks, among them 

“From Genes to Clones”, studied chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH 

Zurich) where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1968, and completed post-doctorates at the University of 

California in Berkeley and the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm from 1968 to 1972.

Abdul Hamid ZAKRI (Malaysia) is Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of Malaysia and holder 

of the Tuanku Chancellor Chair at Universiti Sains Malaysia. He was the former Director of the 

Institute of Advanced Studies, United Nations University, and Co-Chair of the Millennium Ecosystem 

Assessment. He is a member of the Arab Fund Fellowship Program, Senior Advisory Group on 

Technical Assistance and Cooperation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the 

Executive Board of International Council for Science (ICSU). He served as the Secretary General of 

the Society for the Advancement of Breeding Researches in Asia and Oceania (SABRAO) from 1981-

1989 and was Deputy Vice-Chancellor at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia from 1992-2000. He was 

the Founding President of the Genetics Society of Malaysia. His professional interests include 

biodiplomacy, education for sustainable development, and biotechnology and biodiversity policies for 

developing countries. Recipient of a Fulbright-Hays Fellowship (1981) and a Gold Medal Award 

from the Rotary Research Foundation (1999), he is a Fellow of the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, 

the Academy of Sciences of the Developing World (TWAS), the World Academy of Art and Science, 

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and the Islamic World Academy of Sciences. In 1998 he received the Langkawi Award, a national 

laureate for outstanding contribution in the field of environment in Malaysia. Three species known to 

science are named after him: a beetle (Paleosepharia zakrii); a cicada (Pomponia zakrii ), and a 

pitcher plant (Nepenthes zakriana ).

InterAcademy Council

P.O. Box 19121, 1000 GC 

Amsterdam, The Netherlands 

Tel. +31 (0)20 551 0884 

Fax. +31 (0)20 890 8499 

E-mail. secretariat@interacademycouncil.net

Members of the IAC Board represent the following scientific organizations

• Académie des Sciences, France

• Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS)

• Academy of Science of South Africa

• African Academy of Sciences

• Argentina National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences

• Australian Academy of Science

• Brazilian Academy of Sciences

• Chinese Academy of Sciences

• German National Academy of Sciences

• Indian National Science Academy

• Indonesian Academy of Sciences

• InterAcademy Medical Panel

• InterAcademy Panel on International Issues

• International Council for Science (ICSU)

• International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences

• Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

• Science Council of Japan

• The Royal Society, United Kingdom

• Turkish Academy of Sciences

• U.S. National Academy of Sciences

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Review of the Intergovernmental Panel on 

Climate Change (IPCC)

Review Committee Statement of Task

INTRODUCTION

1. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced on 10 March 2010 that the 

InterAcademy Council is requested by the United Nations to undertake an independent review of the 

processes and procedures of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IAC CoChairs have subsequently received official letters, with a Terms of Reference, from Secretary-General 

Ban Ki-moon and IPCC Chair Pachauri requesting IAC to review the IPCC.

1.1 The InterAcademy Council is requested to conduct an independent review of the IPCC processes 

and the procedures by which it prepares its assessments of climate change. IAC is asked to establish a 

Committee of experts from relevant fields to conduct the review and to present recommendations on 

possible revisions of IPCC processes and procedures. In particular the IAC Committee of experts is 

asked to recommend measures and actions to strengthen the IPCC’s processes and procedures so as to 

be better able to respond to future challenges and ensure the ongoing quality of its reports

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1.2 Under terms of agreement with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the 

World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a substantive progress report from IAC is requested by 

30 August 2010 in order for IAC recommendations to be available for the October 2010 meeting of 

IPCC to launch the 5th IPCC Assessment process. A final published report is requested by 30 October 

2010.

CHARGE TO REVIEW COMMITTEE 

2. A Review Committee is appointed by the IAC Co-Chairs to undertake a review of the 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The IAC Review Committee will take into account the 

following IPCC official documents: “Principles Governing IPCC Work”, including their Appendices: 

Appendix A “Procedures for the preparation, review, acceptance, adoption, approval and publication 

of the IPCC reports” and its Annexes (hereinafter referred to as “IPCC Procedures”), Appendix B 

“Financial Procedures for the IPCC”, and Appendix C “Rules of Procedures for the Election of the 

IPCC Bureau and Any Task Force Bureau”. The Review Committee is requested to perform the 

following tasks:

2.1. Review the IPCC procedures for preparing assessment reports including, but not restricted to:

i. Data quality assurance and data quality control;

Guidelines for the types of literature appropriate for inclusion in IPCC assessments, with 

special attention to the use of non peer-reviewed literature; 

ii.

iii. Procedures for expert and governmental review of IPCC materials;

iv. Handling of the full range of scientific views; and

Procedures for correcting errors identified after approval, adoption and acceptance of a 

report.

v.

2.2. Analyze the overall IPCC process, including the management and administrative functions within 

IPCC, and the role of UNEP and WMO, the United Nations system and other relevant stakeholders, 

with a view to strengthen and improve the efficiency of the assessment work and effectively ensure 

the consistent application of the IPCC Procedures.

2.3. Analyze appropriate communication strategies and the interaction of IPCC with the media to 

ensure that the public is kept apprised of its work.

2.4. Prepare a report on the outcome of the activities referred to above, including:

Methodology of the report preparation and measures taken to ensure high quality of the 

report findings;

i.

ii. Recommendations for amendments to the IPCC procedures;

Recommendations concerning strengthening the IPCC process, institutions and 

management functions; 

iii.

iv. Any other related recommendations; and

v. Outline of a plan for the implementation of recommendations.

EXPECTED RESULTS AND OUTCOMES

3. The IAC Review of IPCC is anticipated to achieve the following results and outcomes:

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A review report prepared in time for the 32nd Session of the IPCC in October 2010 and 

for consideration by the Secretary General of the United Nations, the Executive Director 

of UNEP and the Secretary General of WMO including the review findings and 

recommendations;

i.

ii. Regional and disciplinary balance of the IPCC assessment work improved;

Scientific credibility and policy relevance of the IPCC products, the IPCC process, 

institutions and management functions strengthened;

iii.

Scientists and experts, media and the general public have improved access to outcomes of 

the IPCC work.

iv.

PROJECT TIME FRAME

4. Ending date for implementation of the IAC activities:

30 August 2010: Submittal to UN of Final Report

Receive Copy of Report To U.N.

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What do you think?

Submit your comments about the IPCC assessment process to the committee.

Comment

InterAcademy Council

P.O. Box 19121, 1000 GC 

Amsterdam, The Netherlands 

Tel. +31 (0)20 551 0884 

Fax. +31 (0)20 890 8499 

E-mail. secretariat@interacademycouncil.net

Members of the IAC Board represent the following scientific organizations

• Académie des Sciences, France

• Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS)

• Academy of Science of South Africa

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• African Academy of Sciences

• Argentina National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences

• Australian Academy of Science

• Brazilian Academy of Sciences

• Chinese Academy of Sciences

• German National Academy of Sciences

• Indian National Science Academy

• Indonesian Academy of Sciences

• InterAcademy Medical Panel

• InterAcademy Panel on International Issues

• International Council for Science (ICSU)

• International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences

• Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

• Science Council of Japan

• The Royal Society, United Kingdom

• Turkish Academy of Sciences

• U.S. National Academy of Sciences

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