officers. As a result of field
investigations, 351 apparent viola-
tions were submitted to the Compliance
and Enforcement Staff for possible
legal action.

5. Reviews

In FY 1986, 643 reviews of persons in
business were conducted to determine
whether they required licensing or
registration.

Special Projects

1. An APHIS-funded project to revise
the Animal Welfare Field Manual was
successfully concluded. The manual is
now condensed with an expanded index
and cross-referencing system. It was
distributed in January 1987.

2. APHIS reached an agreement with
the American Veterinary Medical
Association to cosponsor a Colloquium
on “Alleviation of Pain and Distress
in Animals.” The Colloquium will be
held in Chicago, Illinois, May 15-17,
1987.

3. APHIS has participated ina
consortium of 19 sponsoring groups,
including agricultural and pro-
fessional organizations and Federal
agencies, in the development of "A
Guide for the Care and Use of
Agricultural Animals in Agricultural
Research and Teaching.” Six sub-
committees (dairy and veal, beef
cattle, horses and ponies, poultry,
sheep and goats, and swine), each
composed of an agricultural engineer,
a veterinarian, an animal scientist,
and an industry/producer representa—
tive, are working on development of
the guide. Guidelines are expected to
be available in 1988 for voluntary
adoption by animal care committees and
researchers and teachers at
agricultural institutions.

4. On March 7, 1986, APHIS published
in the Federal Register, Volume 51,

No. 45, a solicitation of information
for drafting proposed regulations and
standards under Public Law 99-198,
which amended the AWA. Comments were
received from over 370 individuals,
industry groups, State and Federal
agencies, and scientific and humane
organizations. To comply with the
December 1985 amendment to the AWA,
these comments were reviewed and
considered during the drafting of
proposed rulemaking.

Public Information

In FY 1986, APHIS issued 12 press
releases on the Animal Welfare
Program.

1. Public Correspondence

APHIS receives inquiries about animal
welfare directly from concerned groups
or individual citizens or indirectly
through referrals from the President,
from Members of Congress, and from
other departments of government. In
FY 1986, APHIS received over 120,000
cards and letters, of which more than
118,000 contained preprinted state-
ments submitted at the behest of
humane organizations requesting full
enforcement of the AWA.

As in FY 1985, public opposition
continued to be directed at trained
animal acts such as wrestling bears or
performances involving animals that
dive from a platform into a tank of
water. Numerous requests were
received to develop regulations
consistent with proposals made by
humane organizations. Questions about
the handling of livestock at markets
and the use of farm animals and rats
and mice in research laboratories were
concerns frequently raised.

2. Freedom of Information Act
Requests

In FY 1986, APHIS received 303
requests resulting in the release of


12

Table 5.—Number of inspections, fiscal year 1986

‘Alleged
State violations
Complaints Prelicensing Compliance Reviews davestigated

U.S. Total 752 1,577 15,853 643 662
Alabama 2 2 93 2 Qo
Alaska oO 0 0 oO 0
arizona 4 0 129 0 2
Arkansas 36 “ 298 Q &
California 39 22 1,209 o 39
Colorado i 12 163 oO 6
Connecticut 8 3 117 ) t)
Delaware 4 1 24 QO. @
Florida iS) 53 764 38 41
Georgia 3 10 228 1 6
Hawaii 2 0 50 QO 2
Idaho 0 u 7 5 3
Illinois 13 26 632 18 29
Indiana Si 37 94 37 7
Towa 36 144 838 114 lu
Kansas 34 282 1,483 2 28
Kentucky 5 7 64 29 0
Louisiana o 9 130 8 2
Maine 5 6 47 16 0
Maryland 31 8 201 Qo il
Massachusetts 4 8 400 oO 31
Michigan 6 4 409 34 13
Minnesota 3 16 264 3 31
Mississippi 6 s 78 - ° "6
Missouri “90 263 1,457 a 123
Montana 3 2 33 0 1
Nebraska 12 108 433 o 12
Nevada 3 2 nm 2 L
New Bampsbire 7 3 58 3 oO
New Jersey 26 B} 267 0 20
New Mexico 2 3 42 15 2
New York 16 9 843 32 45
North Carolina peo 40 216 nu 16
North Dakota 3. 4 70 2 2
Ohio 12 29 547 Q 22
Oklahoma 6 62 340 38 7
Oregon 53 si 244 40 uM
Pennsylvania 42 70 822 oO 40
Rhode Island 3 ce) 72 8 °
South Carolina 4 2 94 15 4
South Dakota 1s 41 208 9 5
Tennessee 9 18 129 238 22
Texas 35 359 784 o 28
Utah 2 3 67 oO QO
Vermont . 5 1 43 2 C)
Virginia 13 5 139 1 1s
Washington 10 4 205 5 3
we Virginia 2 hh 53 10 o
Wisconsin 10 32 480 1 6
Wyoming 10 3 28 12 0
Puerto Rico 2 7 133 0 1
District of

Columbia Qo 0 0 Oy) Qo
Virgin Islands o 0 Qo Q oO


During FY 1986, 138 carriers and 246
intermediate handlers were registered;
12 carriers and 18 intermediate
handlers were new registrants; 4
carriers and 15 handlers voluntarily
terminated their registrations.

3. Animal Exhibitors

Licensed exhibitors operate animal
acts, carnivals, circuses, public
zoos, roadside zoos, and marine mammal
exhibits. Most of the animals
exhibited are wild or exotic species,
such as lions, tigers, bears, and
elephants. More docile species, such
as sheep and goats, are generally
stocked at children's zoos and petting
zoos.

During FY 1986, 1,322 exhibitors were
licensed and 64 exhibitors were
registered. Also, 129 exhibitors
voluntarily terminated their licenses,
and 17 voluntarily terminated their
registrations.

4. Research Facilities

Research facilities consist of
colleges, pharmaceutical firms,
diagnostic laboratories, cosmetic
testing firms, State-owned clinics,
privately owned medical facilities,
hospitals, and universities.
Elementary and secondary schools are
exempt from registration. Also,
Federal agencies and institutions
using only nonregulated species are
not required to register.

At the close of FY 1986, 1,241 active
research facilities were registered,
including 65 new registrations.
Registrations of 36 research facili-~
ties were terminated in FY 1986. In
addition, 124 institutions reported
that they had not used regulated
animals for 2 years in succession.
Institutions that anticipate future
use of animals in research may ask to
be kept in an “inactive” status.

All non-Federal and Federal research
facilities subject to regulation under
the AWA must comply with regulations
and standards promulgated under the
Act. All non-Federal facilities are
monitored for compliance by APHIS
personnel.

An attending or consulting veterinar~
ian is required to participate
actively in the care of laboratory
animals. Through the cooperative
efforts of research facility
veterinarians and APHIS inspectors,
appropriate veterinary care is
established and maintained.

5. Reports From Research Facilities

The Annual Report of Research
Facilities is required from active,
inactive, and Federal research
facilities by December 1 of each year.
The report helps ensure that humane _
handling, husbandry practices and
veterinary care, and treatment are at
a level consistent with currently
accepted laboratory animal practices
and professional standards.

The institutional animal committee or
the attending veterinarian must
document on the annual report that
anesthetics, analgesics, and tran-
quilizers in painful experiments have
been used in an approved manner. If
pain relief was not provided, the
report must verify that the use of
pharmaceutical agents would have
interfered with the intended purpose
of the research, tests, or
experiments.

In 1986, APHIS received reports from
1,227 institutions, including 1,097
registered facilities and 130 Federal
research facilities (Appendix, Table
2). Institutions that submitted
reports indicating no painful experi-
ments are not included in Table 2.

Of the 1,778,403 animals used in
research under the authority of the


APPENDIX

-++ +++ Table’ 1.—Number_ of active "licensees and registrants, fiscal" year 1986 ~"" 7

Tatermediate ‘Animal exhibitors Registered
handlers Licensed research
vt-c- ‘carriers """"~_*‘“dealers ~~ "~_ "“Licensed “""" "> Registered — “facilities “~~

U.S. Total 384 3,708 1,354 61 1,241
Alabama 1 8 7 oO 12
Alaska 2 1 6 0 2
Arizona 8 13 12 oO 12
Arkansas 2 126 15s 0 6
California 36 103 182 1 168
Colorado 18 45 20 3 23
Connecticut 10 5 v7 0 18
Delaware oO 1 1 ) 8
Florida 26 100 191 2 39
Georgia 2 29 a 4a 15
Hawaii 27 4 4 0 5
Idaho 4 5 8 t) 4
L1linois 9 81 49 4 57
Indiana 3 70 34 oO 21
Towa Oo 430 12 5 15
Kansas 1 556 18 3 21
Kentucky 4 8 5 2 4
Louisiana 1 12 22 O 13
Maine 4 10 9 1 12
Maryland 3 ll u 0 18
Massachusetts: 8 29 33 2 76
Michigan 3 33 46 4 a7
Minnesota 4 82 24 2 20
Mississippi 1 9 8 0 3
Missouri 15 + 660 27 to) 30
Montana t) 6 4 1 3
Nebraska 1 183 i 0 9
Nevada 1 4 27 oO 1
New Hampshire 1 7 10 0 4
New Jersey 12 23 29 O 67
New Mexico 10 5 6 O 12
New York 24 41 47 oO 97
North Carolina 8 41 19 6 18
North Dakota 1 23 5 1 3
Ohio 5 77 49 5 59
Oklahoma 2 248 12 1 4
Oregon 7 106 13 oO 15
Pennsylvania 15 1 57 ° 90
Rhode Island Oo 2 4 o 9
South Carolina 9 14 15 0 5
South Dakota oO. 60 7 oo) 3
Tennessee 3 31 14 o 13
Texas 30 169 7 1 72
Utah 8 6 8 0 8
Vermont 1 9 2 0 4
Virginia 9 19 7 t) 20
Washington 13 23 22 oO 18
West Virginia 1 5 7 9° 6
Wisconsin 8 54 69 1 20
Wyouing 0 3 1 2 4
District of

Columbia 2 oO ° 0 8
Puerto Bico 3 27 10 °O 10
Virgin Islands 8 ° 0) 0 0)




=p" unnted states
3\ Department of
be ‘Agriculture
=" animat and
. Plant Health

Inspection
Service

Animal Welfare

Enforcement
Fiscal Year 1986

Report of the Secretary of Agriculture
to the President of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives


Jable 3-—-Animals experiencing pain or distress Cdrugs omitted because they would interfere with

rch or testing), fiscal year 1986

Number of animals

State reporting Guinea wild
facilities Total Dogs Cats Primates pigs Hamsters Rabbits animals

U.S. Total 193 113,161 2,620 410 860 51,480 32,577 20,331 4,883
Alabama ° o ° “0 C) 0 0 o t)
Alaska r) o C) C) CY) o 0 ) Cy)
arizona 1 34 C) C) Q Ct) r) 34 0
Arkansas 0 0 0 ° 0 0 0 0 0)
California 12 7,221 97 3 69 3,825 1 1,603 1,550
Colorado 1 11s 0) 0) 0 o 0) 54 60
Connecticut 3 1,191 223 o ° 637 o 331 0
Delaware - 3 7,127 14 0 1s 6,828 C) 270 0
Plorida 5 46 Q 18 8 “0 ° 20 0
Georgia 1 22 0 0 10 0 12 .0 0
Bawaii 0) 0 0 o C) 0 C1) 0 C)
Idaho o 0 0 0 ) ) 0 0 0
I1linois 10 1,194 93 ° 35 482 16 503 3
Indiana 5 3,037 54 C) 6 2210 0 767 0
Towa 3 3,464 0 0 0 2 3,662 t) °
Kansas 3 30,924 48 ° O) 9,203 19,785 1,888 Ct)
Kentucky o 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0
Louisiana wit 7 0 13 0 0 0 24 0
Maine 1 4 0 0 0 ) 0 4 0
Maryland 4 305 0 0 0 90 ° 143 72
Massachusetts 6 401 o 0) 56 4h ° 301 )
Michigan 8 3,307 o ° 51 1,489 650 663 454
Minnesota 4 2,911 46 16 0) 2,122 0 714 15
Mississippi 1 36 0 0 0 0 36 0
Missouri 7 1,822 31 43 0 1,298 0 450 0
Moutana ° C) ° 0) ° nn) C) )
Nebraska 1 170 C) C) C) Ct) ° 0 170
Nevada ° 0 0 ° 0 0 r) C) 0
New Hampshire 0 0 0 0 0 0 C) 0 0
New Jersey 20 12,494 335 56 34 1,477 6,472 4,009 wl
New Mexico 2 30 Ci) C) 18 0) () 12 o
New York 16 1,450 113 389 11 4 474 672 87
North Carolina 1 44 6 10 28 o 0 r) C)
Worth Dakota 0 0 0 0 C) 0 0 0 0
Ohio 10 5,361 196 15 172 3,397 0 1,112 469
Oklahoma 0 Cy) 0 0 CO) 0 o 0) 0
Gregon 1 30 0, ° ° o 0 30 0
Pennsylvania 17 3,679 4s 53 4 6 C) 3,471 30
Rhode Island 0 C) C) C) r) 0 0 0 0
South Carolina 2 95 0 +0 0 80 3 12 0
South Dakota 0 C) C) t) 0 ° 0) 0. C)
Tennessee 3 800 62 24 t) 0 0 74 °
Texas 8 2,133 7 0 26 496 0 1,148 450
Utah ° o C) ° 0 ° 0 0 °
Vermont a 30 0 o 0 0 0 50 C)
Virginia 5 4,654 760 32 33 3,625 ° 186 °
Washington 3 6,541 0 0 7 6,474 o 60 0
West Virginia 0 ) 0 ° 0 0 ° 0 °
Wisconsin 1 % 0 Ct) 0 r) 0 34 °
Wyoming C) 0 0 ° 0 0 0 0 0
Puerto Rico 1 30 C) o 0 30 0 0 C)
District of

Columbia O) ° o ° 0 o 0 0 0
Virgin Islands 0 ° 0 ° 0 0 ° ry °
Federal

Agencies 24 10,369 412 38 259 5,663 1,569 998 1,410

10


CONTENTS

Summary (1)
Legislation (1)
Regulations (2)
Organization for Implementation
of the Act (2)
Field Enforcement (2)
Staff Support (2)
Training (3)
Licensing and Registration (3)
Licensed Dealers (3)
Carriers and Intermediate Handlers (3)
Animal Exhibitors (4)
Research Facilities (4)
Reports From Research Facilities (4)
Inspections and Investigations (5)
Prelicensing Inspections (5)
Compliance Inspections (5)
Inspections of Animals in Transit (5)
Complaints and Investigations (5)
Reviews (6)
Special Projects (6)
Public Information (6)
Public Correspondence (6)
Freedom of Information Act Requests (6)
Legislative Recommendations (7)

Appendix

Table 1. Number of active licensees and
registrants (8)

Table 2. Animals used in experimenta-
tion (9)

Table 3. Animals experiencing pain or
distress (drugs omitted
because they would interfere
with the purpose of research or
testing) (10)

Table 4. Animals to which pain-relieving
drugs were administered to
avoid pain or distress (11)

Table 5. Number of inspections (12)

Separates (Lists)
Licensed Dealers
Registered Research Facilities
Licensed Exhibitors
Registered Exhibitors
Registered Carriers and
Intermediate Handlers


Regulations

Administration and enforcement of the
AWA are assigned to the USDA. The Act
directs the USDA to develop regula-
tions ensuring the humane care and
treatment of animals. The regulations
are published in Title 9 of the Code
of Federal Regulations, and include
minimum standards for handling,
housing, feeding, and watering
animals; for sheltering them from
extremes of weather and temperature;
and for separating incompatible
animals. Standards for sanitation,
ventilation, veterinary care, and
transportation are also included.

Birds, laboratory rats and mice,
horses, and other farm animals are
excluded from regulation.

The 1985 amendment to the AWA directs
the Department to develop and
implement standards requiring exercise
for dogs and a physical environment
for primates that will promote their
psychological well-being. The
amendment also requires that standards
be developed to minimize pain and
distress for animals used in

research facilities; to ensure that
alternatives to painful research are
considered; to ensure the proper use
of tranquilizers, analgesics, and
anesthetics, and to require consulta-
tion with a doctor of veterinary
medicine in the use of such drugs; to
provide for proper presurgical and
postsurgical care of animals; to
prohibit the use of paralytics without
anesthesia; and to restrict the use of
animals in multiple major operative
experiments.

During FY 1986, most of these new
regulations and standards were drafted
and submitted for departmental and
legal clearance. They should be
published as proposed rulemaking in
early 1987. Requirements for the
exercise of dogs and for an environ-
ment to promote the psychological
well-being of primates will be drafted
and published during FY 1987.

2

Organization for Implementation of the
ie
G

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service (APHIS) is the Agency within
the USDA responsible for enforcing the
AWA. Enforcement is directed by the
Agency's Assistant Deputy
Administrator for Domestic Programs
through four regional offices located
in Englewood, Colorado; Fort Worth,
Texas; Scotia, New York; and Tampa,
Florida.

1. Field Enforcement

Licensing, registration, and
inspection are accomplished by a field
force of APHIS employees directed by
Area Veterinarians in Charge, who are
generally located in State capitals.
Field officials conducting animal
welfare activities include veterinary
medical officers, compliance officers,
and animal health technicians. Six
veterinarians serve as animal care
specialists and provide full-time
coordination of animal welfare
activities in each of the four
regions.

2. Staff Support

The Animal Care Staff supports the
program through the development of
policies, procedures, and regulations
to achieve national objectives. The
staff plans and conducts training at
the national level. When requested by
a regional director, it conducts
reviews in the field to assess the
effectiveness of the animal welfare
program.

The Compliance and Enforcement Staff
supports program activities by
consulting about investigations,
reviewing reports of alleged viola-
tions for prosecution or other action,
and coordinating training of
compliance officers.