Little Rock

Memphis

Jackson

Tulsa

Dallas

Fort Worth

Baton Rouge

New Orleans

Mobile

Birmingham

Montgomery

Nashville

Wichita

Oklahoma City

Omaha

Jefferson City

Saint 

Louis

Springfield

Indianapolis

LexingtonFayette

Des Moines

Chicago

Saint Paul

Minneapolis

Madison

Milwaukee

Lansing

Detroit

Toledo

Cleveland

Pittsburgh

Buffalo

Rochester

Harrisburg

Baltimore

Dover

Philadelphia

Trenton

New York

Albany

Montpelier

Augusta

Concord

Boston

Providence

Hartford

Annapolis

Washington D.C.

Columbus

Charleston Richmond

Virginia Beach

Norfolk

Raleigh

Charlotte

Columbia

Atlanta

Tallahassee

Jacksonville

Miami

Tampa

Saint Petersburg

Houston

Corpus Christi

San Antonio

Austin

Bismarck

Pierre

Frankfort

Lincoln

Topeka

Kansas City Kansas City

Cincinnati

Louisville

Akron

(tg)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ae)

(ab)

(ab)

(ab)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af) (af) (af)

(af)

(af)

(af) (af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af) (af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(af)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(ag)

(aj)

(aj)

(aj)

(aj)

(ai) (ai)

(ai)

(ai) (ai) (ai)

(ai)

(ai)

(ai)

(ai)

(ai)

(ai)

(ai)

(ak)

(ak)

(cm)

(cm)

(cm)

(cp)

(cp)

(cp)

(cp)

(cp)

(cp)

(gt)

(kf)

(gc)

(gc)

(jc)

(jc)

(gl)

(gl)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(ca) (ca)

(ca)

(ca)

(ca)

(ca)

(ca)

(cx) (cx)

(cx)

(cx)

(cx)

(gk)

(jb)

(jb)

(jb)

(jb)

(jb)

(jb)

(jb)

(jb)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(kd)

(km)

(km)

(kt)

(kt)

(kt)

(lk)

(lk)

(lk)

(ln)

(ln)

(na)

(na)

(na) (na)

(kl)

(kl)

(kl)

(kl)

(kl)

(kl)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo) (lo)

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(lp)

(lp)

(lp)

(mt)

(mt)

(mt)

(mt)

(mt)

(mt)

(nb)

(nb)

(qa)

(tq)

(tq)

(tr)

(tr) (wc)

(wc)

(wc)

(xh)

(xi)

(xj)

(xk)

(xk)

(xl)

(xl)

(xl)

(xl)

(xm)

(xm)

(xm)

(xm)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd) (zh)

(zh)

(zh)

(zh)

(zm)

(zm)

(zm)

(zr)

(zr)

(zr)

(zt)

(zt)

(zt)

(zt)

(zt)

(zx)

ac

ac

ah

al al

al

al

al al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al al

al

al al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al al al al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

an

an

an

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

at

bb

bm

bm

bm

cb

cb

cb

cb

cb

cb

cc

cc cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

cd

cd

cd

ce

ce

ce

cf

cf

cf

cf

cf

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

cj

ck

ck

ck

ck

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

co

co

co

co

co

cs

cs

cs

cs

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

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ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed ed

ed

ed

ed

el

el

el

el

el

el

el el

el

el

el

el

el

el

es

es es

es

es

es

es es es

es

es

es

es

es

es es

es

es

es

es

es es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es eu

eu

eu

eu

eu

eu

eu

eu

eu

eu

eu

fa

fa

fa

fa

fa

fa fa

ga

ga

ga

ga

ga

ga

ga

ga

ga

gb

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gb

gb

gb

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs

gs gs

gs

gs

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp

hp hp

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

ja

ja

ja

ka

ka

ka

ka

ka

ka

ka

ka

ke

ke

ke

ke

ke

ke

ke

ke

ke

ke ke

ke

ke

ke

ke

ke

ke

ks

ks

la

la

la

la

la la

la

la

la

la

la

la

la

lb

ld

ld

ld

ld

ld

ld

ld

ld

ld

lf

lf

lf

lf

lf

lf

lf

lf

lf

lf

lf lf lf

lf lf

lh

lh

lh

lh

lu

lu

lu

lu lu

lu lu

lu

lu

lu

lu

lu

ma

ma

ma

ma

ma

mb

mb

mc

mc

mc

mc

mc

mc

mc

md

me

me

rb

rc sa

sa

sa

sa

sb

sb

sb

sb

sb

sc

sc

sc

se

sg

sg

sg

sg

ta

ta

tf

th

th

tj

tj

tj

tj

tj

tj

tj

to

to

to

tp

tp

tt

tt

tt

tt tt

tt

tt

tx

tx

tx

ua

wa

wb

wb

wb

za

za

za

za

za

zb

zb

zb

zc

zc

zc

zc

zc

zc

zc

zg

zk

zs

zs

zs

zs

zs

ra

ra ra ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

td

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tc tc

tc

tc

tc

tc

tb

tb

tb

tb tb

tb

tb

tb

tb

tk

tk

tk tk

tk

tk

tk

tk

tk

tk

tk tk

tk

tk

tk

tk

tk

tk

tk

tk

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

tn

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ts

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls

ls ls

lc

lc

lc

lc lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc lc

lc

lc lc

lc

lc

lc

lc lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc

lc lc

lc

lc

lc

lc lc

lc

lc

lc

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg kg

kg

kg kg

kg

kg

kg

kg kg

kg kg kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

gg

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm tm

tm

tm

tm tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tm

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

tl

lc

tn

tn

tl

tl

tk

(zt)

tl

(ao)

(ao)

(ao)

(ao)

(ao)

(ao)

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(ao)

(ao)

(ao)

(ao)

(ao)

(ao) (ao)

(bc)

(bc)

(cm)

(cm)

(cm)

(cm)

(cm)

(cr)

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(ct)

(ct)

(ct)

(ct)

(cx)

(cz)

(cz)

(gd)

(gd)

(gd)

(gd)

(hd)

(hd)

(hd)

(hd)

(hd)

(hd)

(hd)

(hd)

(mh)

(mh)

(mh)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(rg)

(rg)

(rg)

(xe)

(xe)

(xe)

(zo)

(zr)

(zt)

(zt)

(zt)

(zt)

(zt)

bb

bb

bb

bb bb

bb

ba

ba

bb

bm

bm

bm

bm

bm bm

bm

bm

bm

bm

bm

bm

cb

cb cb

cd

cd

cd

cd

cd

cd

cd

cd

ce

ce ce

ce

ce

cf

cf

cf

cf

cf

cf

cg

cg

cg

ck

ck ck

ck

ck

ck

co

co

co

co

co

cq

cq

cq

cq

cq

cs

cs

cu

cu

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

el

el

el el

el

el

el

f

ga

gg

gg

gg gs

gs

hb

hb

hb

hb

hb

hb hb

hb

hb

hb hb

hb

hb

hb

hb

he

he

he

he he

hp

hp

hp

hp hp hp

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hp

hp

hp

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

hs

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ka

ka

lg

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mk

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mo

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rb

rd

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rd

rd

rd

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sb

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sc

sd

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sd

sf sf

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sg

sg

sg

sg tk

tk

tk

tk

ub

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ub

xa

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xa

xa

xa

xa

xa

xa

xa

xa

xb

xb

xb

xb

xb

xb

xc

xc

xc

xc

xc

xc

xc

xc

xc

xc

xc

xc

xd

xg

xg

zb

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zb

zb

zj zj

zj

zj

zn

zn

zn

zn

zn

zp

zp

zp

zu

zu

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zv

zs zs

zs

zs

zs

zs

zs

zs

zs

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zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

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zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl zl

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zl

zl

zl

zl zl

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zl

zl

zl

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zl zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

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zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zl

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

zf

ze

ze

ze

ze

ze

ze

ze

ze

ze

ze

ze

ze

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ze

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zc

zc

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zc

za

za

za

za

za

za

za

za za

za za

za

za

za

za

za

za

za

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za

za

za

za

za

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za

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za

za

za

za

za

za

za

za

sa sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

sa

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

rc

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra

ra ra

ra

ra ra

ra

ra

mb

mb

mb

mb

mb

mb

mb

mb

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mb

mb

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mb

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ma

ma

ma

ma

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ma

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

hc

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

es es

es

es

es

es es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es

es es

es

es

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

ed

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

eb

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

cl

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ci

ch

ch

ch

ch

ch

ch ch

ch

ch

ch

ch

ch

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

ba

ba

ba ba

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ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

ap

an

an

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an

an

an

an

an

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an

an

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an

an

an

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an

an

an

an

an

an

an

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an

aa

aa

aa

aa

aa

aa

aa

(zi)

(zi)

(zi)

(zh)

(zh)

(zh)

(zh)

(zh) (zh)

(zh)

(zh)

(zh)

(zh)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd) (zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(zd)

(rh)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(lo)

(ec)

(ec)

(ec)

(ec)

(ec)

(ea)

(ea)

(ea)

(ea)

(db)

(db)

(db)

(db)

(db)

(db)

(db)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da) (da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(da)

(cw)

(cw)

(cw)

(cw)

(cw) (cv)

(cv)

(cv)

(cv)

(cv)

(cv)

(cv)

(cv)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

(bd)

al

al

al

al

al

al

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(ec)

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tl

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mc

ml

ed

eb

eb

kg

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 KILOMETERS

SCALE 1: 2 500 000

50 50 0 100 150 200 250 MILES

Base modified and reprojected from U.S. Geological Survey 

Digital Line Graphs (DLG), 1:2,000,000

National Atlas of the United States

(Streams and Waterbodies, preliminary version, 2003; 

State Boundaries, 2002; and Cities and Towns, 2002)

Grid created for this map by the authors.

Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection

Geology compiled 1998–2000 from 31 published maps of the 

“Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States,”

(U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I–1420).

Map edited by Diane E. Lane

Digital database by Charles A. Bush and Jean N. Pennell

Digital cartography by Diane E. Lane, Nancy Shock, and William Sowers

Manuscript approved for publication January 29, 2003

SURFICIAL DEPOSITS

GLACIAL DEPOSITS (TILL)

Till of late Wisconsin and Holocene(?) age1

Clayey till

Ground-moraine deposits

End-moraine deposits

Loamy till

Ground-moraine deposits

End-moraine deposits

Stagnation-moraine deposits

Flood-scoured till

Sandy till

Ground-moraine deposits

End-moraine deposits

Clayey to sandy till

Collapsed till and glacial-lake deposits

Till, ice-contact deposits, glaciofluvial deposits, and glaciolacustrine 

deposits of late Wisconsin and Illinoian age

Till of Illinoian age

Clayey to loamy till

Loamy till

Ground-moraine deposits

End-moraine deposits

Loamy till of Illinoian and pre-Illinoian age

Till of pre-Illinoian age

Clayey to loamy till

Clayey to sandy till

Loamy till

Discontinuous till, discontinuous glaciofluvial deposits, and 

concentrations of erratic boulders and cobbles

GLACIOTECTONIC DEPOSITS

Surficial deposits, surficial materials, and bedrock masses that were 

deformed and (or) transported intact by glacial ice

LACUSTRINE (LAKE) DEPOSITS

Beach sand and dune sand of Holocene age (in beaches, spits, 

and barriers)

Glacial and postglacial lake deposits of Holocene and late 

Wisconsin age1, 2

Clay and silt

Silt and sand

Sand and gravel

Clay, silt, sand, and gravel

Density-current underflow-fan deposits

Delta deposits

Slack-water lake deposits and alluvium of late Wisconsin age

Lake deposits of Illinoian age

Glacial-lake clay and silt

Slack-water lake deposits and alluvium

Lake deposits of pre-Illinoian age

Glacial-lake clay and silt

Slack-water lake deposits and alluvium

Marl of Holocene and late and middle Wisconsin(?) age

Pluvial clay, silt, sand, and dolomite of late Pleistocene age

PALUDAL (MARSH AND SWAMP) DEPOSITS

Inland deposits of Holocene and late Wisconsin age

Peat and muck

Fresh-water swamp deposits

Coastal deposits of Holocene age

Fresh-water coastal-marsh peat and clay

Swamp deposits and dune sand

Mangrove-swamp deposits

Algal mat and carbonate deposits

Fresh-water, brackish-water, and (or) saline-marsh deposits of 

Holocene and late Wisconsin age

MARINE DEPOSITS

Glaciomarine deposits of late Wisconsin age

Clay and silt

Sand and gravel

Delta deposits

Glaciomarine deposits and till

Beach deposits of Holocene age (in beaches, spits, tombolos, 

hooks, and barriers)

Quartz beach sand

Beach shell-fragment and shell sand

Beach mud

Beach sand and dune sand

Beach sand, dune sand, and delta deposits of Holocene and late 

Pleistocene age

Coastal-plain marine deposits of Holocene age

Back-island slope, wash-over channel, lagoon, and windtidal-flat deposits

Delta deposits

Coastal-plain marine deposits of late and middle Pleistocene age

Oolitic limestone

Coralline limestone

Coastal-plain marine deposits (lagoon and beach deposits) of 

Pleistocene age

Coastal-plain marine deposits of Pleistocene and Pliocene age

Beach and near-shore deposits

Back-barrier and lagoon deposits

Sand

Delta deposits

Coastal-plain marine deposits (marine sand and alluvial sand) of 

early Pleistocene and Pliocene age

EOLIAN (WINDBLOWN) DEPOSITS

“Clay dune” deposits of Holocene age

Loess of Holocene and late Wisconsin age

Loess of Holocene and late and middle Pleistocene age

Loess, loessal alluvium, and loessal colluvium of late and middle 

Pleistocene age

Sand and silt of Holocene and late Wisconsin age

Sand of Holocene and late Pleistocene age

Dune sand

Sheet sand

Sheet sand, loess, loessal alluvium, and loessal colluvium of 

Holocene and Pleistocene age

ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS (ALLUVIUM)

Ice-contact deposits of late Wisconsin and Holocene(?) age1

Ice-contact silt and sand

Ice-contact sand and gravel

Kame end-moraine or kame interlobate-moraine deposits

Subaerial and submarine kame-fan deposits

Glaciolacustrine kame-delta deposits

Marine kame-delta deposits

Ice-contact deposits and till

Ice-contact deposits and glacial-lake deposits

Ice-contact sand and gravel of Illinoian age

Glaciofluvial (outwash) deposits of late Wisconsin and 

Holocene(?) age1

Outwash sand

Outwash sand and gravel

Outwash deposits and till

Outwash deposits and ice-contact deposits

Outwash deposits, ice-contact deposits, and glacial-lake deposits

Glaciofluvial (outwash) deposits of Illinoian age

Outwash silt, sand, and gravel

Outwash silt, outwash sand, and alluvium

Glaciofluvial (outwash) deposits of pre-Illinoian age

Outwash sand and gravel

Outwash sand and gravel and till

Catastrophic glacial outburst-flood deposits of late Wisconsin age

Flood deposits

Flood deposits and flood-scoured till

Alluvial, outwash, ice-contact, and glacial-lake deposits of 

Holocene and late Wisconsin age

Alluvial, outwash, ice-contact, and glacial-lake deposits of 

middle Pleistocene age

Channel and flood-plain alluvium of Holocene and late 

Wisconsin age

Alluvial deposits, lake deposits, and eolian deposits of Holocene 

and late and middle Pleistocene age

Channel and flood-plain alluvium of Holocene and Pleistocene age

Alluvial deposits and estuarine marine deposits of Holocene,

Pleistocene, and Pliocene age

Channel and flood-plain alluvium of late and middle Pleistocene age

Cemented channel and flood-plain alluvium, fan alluvium, 

sheetwash alluvium, and pediment(?) alluvium

Alluvial-delta deposits

Alluvium of Pleistocene age beneath terraces, in paleovalleys, 

and on upland surfaces

Arkosic alluvium of middle and early Pleistocene and Pliocene age

Channel and flood-plain alluvium of early Pleistocene and 

Pliocene age

Cemented alluvium

Alluvial deposits and lake deposits

Alluvial-fan and sheetwash-fan deposits of Holocene and late 

and middle Pleistocene age

Sheetwash alluvium of Holocene and late Wisconsin age

Sheetwash alluvium

Sheetwash alluvium in badland terrain

Sheetwash alluvium and lake deposits

MASS-MOVEMENT DEPOSITS

Slump-block, earthflow, and mudflow deposits of Holocene age

Landslide deposits of Holocene and late Wisconsin age

Landslide deposits, bouldery colluvium, and sheetwash alluvium

Landslide deposits, disintegration residuum, and sheetwash 

alluvium

Loamy solifluction deposits, colluvium, and decomposition 

residuum of Holocene and late and middle Pleistocene age

Loamy solifluction deposits of late Wisconsin age

Colluvium, sheetwash alluvium, and landslide deposits of 

Holocene and late Wisconsin age

Colluvium of Holocene and late Pleistocene age

Clayey chert-clast colluvium

Gravelly colluvium

Colluvium of Holocene and late and middle Pleistocene age

Crystalline-boulder colluvium

Diabase- and basalt-clast colluvium

Resistant-block or resistant-boulder colluvium and rock waste

Sandstone-block or sandstone-boulder colluvium

Carbonate-boulder or carbonate-clast colluvium

Clastic-clast colluvium

Locally gypsiferous clastic-clast colluvium and solution residuum

Acid shale–chip colluvium

Calcareous shale–chip and siltstone-clast colluvium

Shale-clast, chalk-clast, and chalky limestone–clast colluvium

Calcrete-clast colluvium

Chert-clast colluvium

Sandy to clayey colluvium

Colluvium complex

Colluvium and loess

Colluvium and solution residuum

Colluvium, decomposition residuum, and solution residuum

Colluvium of Quaternary age

Colluvium and sheetwash alluvium

Colluvium, decomposition residuum, and solution residuum

Colluvium and decomposition residuum of Quaternary and 

Tertiary age

Colluvium and alluvium of Pleistocene age

 RESIDUAL MATERIALS

Grus of Quaternary and Tertiary age

Glaciated granitic grus

Feldspathic sandy grus

Disintegration residuum of Holocene and late Wisconsin age

Smectitic disintegration residuum and sheetwash alluvium on 

bentonitic shale, micaceous shale, and soft clayey shale

Silty clay loam disintegration residuum and sheetwash alluvium

Loamy disintegration residuum and sheetwash alluvium on 

clayey shale

Loamy disintegration residuum, sheetwash alluvium, and 

colluvium on sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Loamy disintegration residuum, sheetwash alluvium, and 

colluvium on sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, claystone, 

shale, and lignite

Sandy disintegration residuum, sheetwash alluvium, and 

colluvium on soft sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Disintegration residuum of Holocene and late and middle 

Pleistocene age

Cemented, gravelly disintegration residuum

Quartz-sand disintegration residuum

Disintegration residuum on clastic rocks

Disintegration residuum on clastic rocks and carbonate rocks

Stony, gypsiferous disintegration residuum

Silty-clay disintegration residuum and gypsiferous solution 

residuum

Decomposition residuum and colluvium of Holocene and late and 

middle Pleistocene age on igneous and metamorphic rocks

Decomposition residuum of Quaternary and Tertiary age on 

sand and gravel

Decomposition residuum on sand and gravel beneath high 

stream terraces and in alluvial fans

Decomposition residuum on upland sand and gravel and on 

paleochannel fill deposits

Chert-pebble decomposition residuum on channel gravel and sand

Crumbly quartz-clast decomposition residuum on sand and gravel

Decomposition residuum on sand or mixed-composition sand 

and gravel on upland surfaces

Quartz-pebble, chert-pebble, and quartzite-pebble 

decomposition residuum on sand and gravel on upland 

surfaces

Decomposition residuum of Quaternary age on sedimentary 

rocks that contain swelling-clay minerals or that weather 

to form swelling-clay minerals

Smectitic-clay decomposition residuum

Sand, silt, and smectitic-clay decomposition residuum

Gravel, sand, silt, and smectitic-clay decomposition residuum

Decomposition residuum complex

Decomposition residuum complex

Decomposition residuum of Quaternary and Tertiary age on 

other sedimentary rocks

Clayey to sandy decomposition residuum

Ferruginous sand and clay decomposition residuum

Decomposition residuum and colluvium on shale, siltstone, 

and sandstone

Decomposition residuum on sandstone, siltstone, shale, 

limestone, and dolomite

Decomposition residuum and colluvium on arkose, sandstone, 

argillite, shale, and conglomerate

Clayey to sandy decomposition residuum and solution residuum

Cherty decomposition residuum, solution residuum, and 

colluvium on limestone, shale, and sandstone

Clayey to sandy decomposition residuum and solution residuum 

on sandstone, quartzite, shale, dolomite, and cherty 

limestone

Clayey to sandy decomposition residuum and solution residuum 

on clay, shale, coal, sandstone, and limestone

Loamy decomposition residuum and colluvium on sedimentary 

rocks of mixed composition

Solution residuum of Quaternary and Tertiary age

Chert-poor or chert-free, clayey to sandy solution residuum

Cherty, clayey to sandy solution residuum

Solution residuum complex

Cherty, quartz-sand solution residuum

Sandy solution residuum

Plastic-clay solution residuum and cherty colluvium

Solution residuum and decomposition residuum

Clayey to sandy, saprolitized sand and gravel of Quaternary and 

Tertiary age

Saprolite of Quaternary and Tertiary age on crystalline igneous 

and metamorphic rocks

Clayey to sandy saprolite on granite, gneiss, schist, and other 

felsic, mafic, and ultramafic igneous and metamorphic 

rocks

Micaceous saprolite on felsic micaceous schist or rocks of 

mixed composition

Clayey saprolite on diabase and basalt

Clayey saprolite on nephelene syenite

Clayey to sandy saprolite on phyllite, argillite, slate, marble, 

greenstone, serpentinite, metabasalt, metarhyolite, and 

other felsic metavolcanic rock

Quartz-rich saprolite of Quaternary and Tertiary age

OTHER MATERIALS

BAKED AND FUSED BEDROCK (CLINKER) OF QUATERNARY AGE

Clinker and colluvium

MAN-MADE LAND

Man-made land

Contact

Limit of glacial advance—Dashed where inferred. Hachures point 

in direction of glaciated area

Late Wisconsin—Southern limit of glaciation during Late 

Wisconsin time, 35,000–11,150 yr ago

Illinoian—Southern limit of glaciation during Illinoian time, 

310,000–128,000 yr ago

Illinoian or pre-Illinoian—Southern limit of glaciation during 

Illinoian or pre-Illinoian time, earlier than 128,000 yr ago

Pre-Illinoian—Southern limit of glaciation prior to Illinoian time, 

earlier than 310,000 yr ago

gg

gs

(gt)

(gl)

(gk)

ga

(gd)

gb

(gc)

ah

(ak)

(ag)

(ab)

al

(ai)

an

(ae)

(ao)

ap

at

ac

aa

(aj)

(af)

wb

wa

(wc)

ja

(jc)

(jb)

(na)

(nb)

(cp)

cj

cg

cd

ce

cb

cq

cc

cl

(cv)

cf

cs

co

ci

ck

ch

cu

(cx)

(cr)

(cm)

(ca)

(cz)

(cw)

(ct)

ua

ub

(xm)

(xh)

(xi)

(xk)

(xl)

(xj)

xg

xc

xa

xb

xd

(xe)

(zx)

zb

zk

zn

zg

zc

zl

ze

zp

zu

zj

zv

za

zf

(zd)

zs

(zt)

(zo)

(zh)

(zi)

(zr)

(zm)

rc

ra

rb

rd

re

(rg)

(rh)

sg

sa

sb

se

sf

sc

sd

(qa)

f

Any use of trade names in this publication is for

descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey Information Services 

Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225

1–888–ASK–USGS

ArcInfo files and PDF files for this publication are available at

http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2003/i-2789

GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS SERIES I–2789 

Pamphlet accompanies map

INTRODUCTION

Letters in parentheses (left column of the following list) indicate map units that 

include deposits or materials of two or more genetic categories. The significance of 

time divisions (for example, Holocene, Pleistocene, Wisconsin, Illinoian, pre-Illinoian) 

is indicated in table 1, which is in the pamphlet that accompanies this map sheet.

tc

td

tl

tm

tn

to

ts

tt

tx

(tq)

(tg)

ta

tk

tj

tf

tp

th

tb

(tr)

fa

(lk)

lc

lf

ls

lu

lh

ld

(lo)

la

(ln)

lb

(lp)

lm

lg

hp

hs

hb

(hd)

ha

he

hc

mc

me

md

(mt)

bb

ba

bm

(bd)

(bc)

mk

(db)

mo

ml

(mm)

mb

ma

ms

(da)

(mh)

ee

el

eb

(ea)

eu

ed

es

(ec)

ks

kg

ke

(kf)

(kd)

(km)

(kt)

(kl)

ka

MAP OF SURFICIAL DEPOSITS AND MATERIALS IN THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL UNITED STATES 

(EAST OF 102 ̊ WEST LONGITUDE)

By

David S. Fullerton, Charles A. Bush, and Jean N. Pennell

2003 Printed on recycled paper

28 ̊

32 ̊

78 ̊

36 ̊

40 ̊

72 ̊

44 ̊

72 ̊

28 ̊

84 ̊

96 ̊

28 ̊

28 ̊

32 ̊

36 ̊

40 ̊

44 ̊

48 ̊

102 ̊

96 ̊

90 ̊

48 ̊

84 ̊

78 ̊

102 ̊ 90 ̊

———1Some glacial, ice-contact, glaciofluvial, and glacial-lake deposits in northeastern Minnesota, 

northern Wisconsin, and northern Michigan may be earliest Holocene in age.

2Nonglacial lakes persisted in parts of some of the basins of former large glacial lakes long 

after meltwater ceased to enter those basins. The sediments deposited in the late Wisconsin 

glacial lakes and the Holocene postglacial lakes in the same basins have not been distinguished.

INDEX TO INTERNATIONAL MAP OF THE WORLD 1:1,000,000 TOPOGRAPHIC SERIES

Published maps in the “Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States” (U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous 

Investigations Series I–1420) shown in yellow.

CHESAPEAKE BAY NJ - 18

HUDSON RIV

NK

ER

- 18

NJ - 16

BLUE RIDGE

NJ - 17

LAKE ERIE

NK - 17

SUDBURY

NL - 17

LAKE SUPERIOR NL - 16

CHICAGO

NK - 16

N

BOSTON K - 19

QUEBEC NL - 19 OTTAWA NL - 18

LAKE NIPIGON

NM - 16

LOOKOUT MTN

NI - 16

SAVANNAH

NI - 17

LOUISVILLE

HATTERAS

NI - 18

JACKSONVILLE

NH - 17

FLORIDA KEYS

MONTERREY NG - 17

NG - 14

WHITE LAKE

NH - 15

VICKSBURG

NI - 15

OZARK PLATEAU

NJ - 15 WICHITA

NJ - 14

DALLAS

NI - 14

AUSTIN

NH - 14

SANTA FE

NI-13

CHIHUAHUA

NH - 13

PIKES PEAK

NJ - 13

SONORA

NH - 12

GILA RIVER

NI - 12 LOS ANGELES

NI - 11

 NI - 10

 POINT

CONCEP-

 TION

GRAND CANYON

NJ - 12 MOUNT WHITNEY

NJ - 11

NJ-10

FR SAN ANCISCO BAY

MT. SHASTA

NK - 10

OWYHEE RIVER

NK - 11

GREAT SALT LAKE

NK - 12

CASCADE RANGE

NL - 10

SNAKE RIVER

NL - 11 YELLOWSTONE

NL - 12

VANCOUVER

NM - 10

KOOTENAY LAKE

NM - 11 LETHBRIDGE

NM - 12

REGINA

NM - 13

WINNIPEG

NM - 14

BIG HORN MTS

NL - 13

DAKOTAS

NL - 14

CHEYENNE

NK - 13

PLATTE RIVER

NK - 14

LAKE OF

THE WOODS

NM - 15

MINNEAPOLIS

NL - 15

DES MOINES

NK - 15

MOBILE

NH - 16

QUEBEC

ALBERTA

SASKATCHEWAN MANITOBA

BRITISH COLUMBIA

WASHINGTON

OREGON IDAHO

MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA

WYOMING

SOUTH DAKOTA

CALIFORNIA

NEVADA

UTAH COLORADO KANSAS

ARIZONA NEW MEXICO

TEXAS LA

OKLAHOMA ARKANSAS TENNESSEE

MO

NEBRASKA

IOWA

MINNESOTA

WI

IL IN

KENTUCKY

MI

OHIO

MS AL

FL

GEORGIA

SC

NORTH CAROLINA

VIRGINIA

WV MD

PA

NJ

CT RI

NEW YORK MA

VT

NH

MAINE

ONTARIO

DE

126 ̊ 120 ̊ 114 ̊ 108 ̊ 102 ̊ 96 ̊ 90 ̊ 66 ̊

48 ̊

44 ̊

40 ̊

36 ̊

32 ̊

28 ̊

24 ̊

84 ̊ 78 ̊ 72 ̊