# Patent

## Title
Rapid setting cement

## Abstract

A cement formula including mono potassium phosphate, mono ammonium phosphate, magnesia, and fly ash exhibits rapid setting and high strength characteristics.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 and applicable foreign and international law and incorporates in their entirety the following U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/574,006 filed May 21, 2004.
This application also incorporates by reference in their entireties and for all purposes, the following U.S. patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,285,758; 3,357,843; 3,879,209; 3,960,580; 4,059,455; 4,152,167; 4,394,174; 4,786,328; 4,836,854; 5,645,518; 5,830,815; 5,846,894; 6,133,498; 6,136,088; 6,153,809; 6,204,214; 6,518,212; and 6,569,263.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to cement, particularly cement that develops strength rapidly for patching or repairing cementitious surfaces or structures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are many situations which require cement structure to be repaired. Most notably, roadways frequently wear and degrade resulting in holes, cracks, etc.
One problem with some cement repair formulas is that they take too long to develop sufficient strength to permit resumed use of the cement structure. This can be a major problem if the cement structure is, for example, a heavily traveled road.
Rapid setting formulas have been used in the past. However, these formulas suffer from a variety of problems. For example, rapid setting cement formulas sometimes use ammonium phosphate which produces noxious ammonia gas when mixed.
Some cement formulas set too fast, allowing insufficient time to work the material into the desired location and form.


DESCRIPTION
Improved cement formulations provide modern, all season, repair and anchoring materials in a single component, inorganic, high performance cement. Exemplary cement formulas adhere to concrete, masonry, metal, asphalt, and to itself, without the need of a bonding agent and may be used both inside and outside and in hot and cold temperatures.
The described formulas have been formulated for repair and anchoring of work that requires exceptional bonding, adhesion and strength. The formulas have been designed for jobs where availability of working time for the repair is limited or “down time” must be minimized.
A preferred formulation is shown below:













Neat Cement Formula:



















Hardburnt, high purity Magnesia (MgO)
30.0%



Anhydrous Mono Potassium Phosphate
24.0%



Mono Ammonium Phosphate
 6.0%



Fly Ash F
40.4%




 100%























Blended Cement ready to use:



















Hardburnt, high purity Magnesia (MgO)
12.4%



Anhydrous Mono Potassium Phosphate
10.0%



Mono Ammonium Phosphate
 2.5%



Fly Ash F
16.5%



Silica Sand 16 mesh
29.3%



Silica Sand 30 mesh
29.3%




 100%










The total phosphate, including mono potassium phosphate (MKP) and mono ammonium phosphate (MAP), may be selected in the approximate range of 10% to 45% (w/w) of the total neat formula (excluding sand and water). For some applications the total phosphate amount should be in the range of 25% to 35% of the total neat formula.
The total phosphate component may be a mixture of MKP and MAP. MAP is important for increasing the reaction speed, providing faster setting and strength development. However, the MAP component should be minimized to avoid noxious ammonia odors. Preferably the MAP component is selected from the approximate range of 2% to 20% of the total neat formula. For some applications the MAP component should be in the range of 2% to 10%.
The following factors may affect the formulation. A formula incorporating MKP without MAP may be too slow to set (up to 45 minutes); and may show slow strength gain and low ultimate strength and low exotherm. Low amounts of MAP in addition to MKP showed surprising large gains in set speed and rapid strength development. High amounts of MAP, however, may cause the cement to set too fast and may produce an objectionable ammonia odor.
Another factor is the cost of MKP, which is much higher than MAP. This may influence the amount of MKP used. With MKP it is possible to use lower %'s of a higher purity MgO, the next most costly ingredient, and we can use higher amounts of FAF, the least costly ingredient. Also, since FAF is considered a waste material, using higher %'s contributes to the “green” (environmental) nature of the cement.
Advantages of improved cement formula, known as “TectoniteTM Cement” follow. TectoniteTM Cement allows the user sufficient working time (approximately 15 minutes at 72 F) without compromising high early strength development (approximately 3,000 psi in 30 minutes and 4,000 psi in 60 minutes). TectoniteTM Cement has a uniform color that cures closely to the color of Portland cement concrete. TectoniteTM Cement is smooth in texture in order to allow feathering in cosmetic repairs, while maintaining strength in structural repairs (minimum 1⁄4′′ thickness). TectoniteTM Cement requires less water than prior formulas. It is recommended that a ratio of 6 parts cement to 1 part water be used. The water cement mixture should be barely pourable. Water in excess of the recommended amount will weaken the cement's ultimate strength.
In cold weather applications it is recommended that for best results the repair area should be warmed as well as using warm mixing water.
Characteristics
High Strength—TectoniteTM achieves, in around a half an hour, compressive strengths attained by ordinary Portland cement in 28 days.
Fast Set—TectoniteTM sets in about 15 minutes (at 72 F) from the time of hydration and is traffic ready in about thirty minutes.
Tenacious Bond—TectoniteTM achieves, at a fraction of the cost of complicated epoxy cements, a chemical bond with materials to which it is applied.
Some Recommended Uses















High Traffic Areas



Roadways - Concrete & Asphalt (Easy color matching)



Potholes, Curbs, Sidewalks, Culverts, Pits, and Truck Docks



Bridges, Irrigation Structures, Tanks & Dams



Walls, Seawalls, Runways, Aprons & Parking Structures



Steps, Floors & Corridors



Spillways & Platforms Subject to High/Low Temperatures



Irregular Repairs -



Fast set often allows for hand held forms.



Broken Corners



Chipped Steps & Abutments



Cracked and Spalled Areas



Free Form Contour Repair



Concave/Convex Surfaces



Difficult Verticals & Angles



Anchoring & Re-Anchoring



Iron & Steel Anchoring



Easy Cleanup



Competitive with fast epoxies, less expensive



Guy Wires - Poles & Posts



Signs - Parking Meters



Bolts - Frames & Rails



Hand rails



Machinery Bases










TectoniteTM is fast setting. In hot weather, cold components will retard set time. In cold weather, warm components will accelerate set time. In normal temperatures (70–75 F), allow no more than 15 minutes for hydrating, mixing, placing, and finishing. Add only enough water to create a thick, barely pourable, mixture in accordance with recommendations. Prior to mixing large volumes, mix a cup-sized quantity to get a “feel” for consistency and set time. Store in a dry place. Moisture and/or high humidity will affect performance and reduce the one-year shelf life.
Area(s) to be repaired must be clean. Remove standing water. For best results, product should not be used for patches less than 1⁄4 inch deep; for deep repairs, 3⁄8 inch non-calcareous aggregate at rate of 20–25 lbs. per 60 lbs. of cement may be added. Apply in multiple layers, allowing cement to cool between pours. In warm weather (80–110 F.°), cool repair area with cold water; in cold weather (30–45 F.°), heat repair area until warm to the touch. No moist cure is required. Air cure and protect from inclement weather until final set.
Mixing Ratios
It is recommended that a ratio of 6 parts cement to 1 part water be used, in order to produce a mix that is just barely pourable. Water in excess of the recommended amount may weaken the cement's ultimate strength.
Performance Data













ASTM C 109-93 Compressive
2,787 PSI (19.2)/4,025


Strength PSI.
PSI (27.8)/


30 Minutes/1 Hour/28 days
6,500 PSI (44.8)


ASTM C 157, ASTM C 928-92a
−0.002%, −0.007%


Length Change


28 Day Dry, 28 Day Wet


ASTM C 78-84 Flexural Strength
576 PSI (4.0), 626 PSI


1 Hour, 1 Day, 28 Days
(4.3), 760 PSI (5.2)


ASTM C 882-87 Bond Strength with


Portland Cement


1 Day-Portland Cement Failed, Bond Held
2,000 PSI (13.8)


7 Day-Portland Cement Failed, Bond Held
2,213 PSI (15.3)


ASTM 666-90 Freeze/Thaw Resistance
Freeze-thaw durable


300 cycles





( ) = MPa
















Section I - Material Identification


















Trade/Material Name:
Tectonite TM (SF) Cement



Description:
Magnesium Oxyphosphate Cement



Other Designations:
Magnesium Oxide (Mag-Ox)



CAS:
None assigned



Chemical Name:
Magnesium Oxyphosphate Cement



Manufacturer:
Tectonics International, per above




















Section II - Ingredients and Hazards













Exposure Limits



CAS

(Respirable Dust OHSA


Ingredient Name
Number
Percent
PEL)





Dead burned
1309-48-4
25–40
10 mg/m3 


magnesite


Nitrogen
10101-89-0
 5–12
5 mg/m3


Phosphate
7722-78-1
10–15
1 mg/m3


(AS P205)


Phosphate (AS H3
7722-78-1
10–15
1 mg/m3


PO4)


Crystalline Quartz
14808-60-1
50–75
.01 mg/m3  


Fly Ash
68131-74-8
10–50
5 mg/m3









This material contains less than 1% free silica. The respirable dust Permissible Exposure Limit (“PEL”) for this material would be: 3.3 mg/M3 for total dust and 5 mg/M3 for respirable dust.










Section III - Physical Data
















Appearance & Odor
Granular Gray powder - no odor


Boiling Point & Evaporation Rate
N/A


Vapor Pressure
N/A


Specific Gravity, H2O = 1
3.20–3.40


Water Solubility (%)
Nil


Vapor Density, air = 1
N/A


Melting Point
>2,200° F.


% Volatile by Volume
0









EXPERIMENT
Comparison of new formula vs. old formula (“neat”) exotherms: (Note: Neat cement with sand will show a little slower set time and lower exotherm.)
The cement formulas that were compared are shown below:












Old Formula











%







MC-92 PV MgO
57



Agrium 11-52-0
26



MAP



Pozzolanic NW FAF
17




 100%











New Formula











%







BayMag 96 SR MgO
30



Rotem 0-52-34 MKP
25



Agrium 11-52-0 MAP
 5



Pozzolanic NW FAF
40




 100%






















Old Formula










Time
Temp.







 0
 71 F.



 1 min.
 71 F.



 2
 74 F.



 3
 78 F.



 4
 83 F.



 5
 88 F.



 5.5
 90 F. Set



 6
 94 F.



 7
113 F.



 8
122 F.



 9
211 F. Max











New Formula










Time
Temp.







 0
 71 F.



 1 min.
 71 F.



 2
 71 F.



 3
 74 F.



 4
 76 F.



 5
 79 F.



 6
 83 F.



 7
 86 F.



 8
 92 F.



 9
100 F.



10
114 F.



11
123 F. Set



12
135 F.



13
143 F.



14
154 F.



15
163 F.



16
173 F.



17
174 F. Max










The specific embodiments disclosed and illustrated herein should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention, as understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art. Numerous variations are possible without falling outside the scope of the appended claims. The subject matter of the invention includes all novel and nonobvious combinations and subcombinations of the various elements, features, functions, and/or properties disclosed herein.

## Claims

1. A composition for making cement comprising MgO being approximately 15% to 45% of the total weight of the composition, monoammonium phosphate being approximately 2% to 20% of the total weight of the composition, monopotassium phosphate, the monoammonium phosphate plus monopotassium phosphate together being approximately 10% to 45% of the total weight of the composition, and fly ash being approximately 25% to 55% of the total weight of the composition.

2. The composition of claim 1, further comprising sand.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the weight of sand is in the range of 45% to 75% of the total composition weight.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the MgO is hardburnt high purity.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the MgO is about 30% of the total weight of the composition.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the monoammonium phosphate is about 24% of the total weight of the composition.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the monopotassium phosphate is about 24% of the total weight of the composition.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the fly ash is about 40% of the total weight of the composition.