Appendix

Table 1. Number of Licensees and Registrants (FY 1993)

Registered Registered

intermediate Registered Licensed Animal exhibitors research,

handlers carriers dealers Licensed Registered facilities
Total United States 280 129 4,154 1,773 55 1,433
Alabama 2 0 15 7 0 14
Alaska 3 5 0 11 0 3
Arizona 12 2 9 31 0 12
Arkansas 0 1 132 23 0 10
California 28 11 59 202 1 175
Colorado 6 3 28 24 1 25
Connecticut 6 2 7 32 1 23
Delaware oO 0 2 1 0 7
District of Columbia 0 0 1) 1 0 7
Florida 27 10 87 224 2 Al
Georgia 22 3 22 32 4 22
Hawaii 31 3 5 15 0 3
Idaho 0 1 3 i 1) 4
Illinois 5 6 97 94 4 66
Indiana 4 3 74 41 0 19
lowa 1 1 391 17 6 20
Kansas i) 1 448 22 1 23
Kentucky 6 0 rt 12 2 10
Louisiana 1 0 19 16 0 13
Maine 1 1 10 7 0 18
Maryland 6 1 11 18 (0) 37
Massachusetts 4 3 23 29 1 88
Michigan. 1 0 44 52 8 41
Minnesota 1 1 109 33 2 32
Mississippi 0 1 6 u 0 7
Missouri 4 0 1,084 38 0 34
Montana 0 0O 8 16 i) 5
Nebraska 1 2 206 12 0 14
Nevada 2 1 7 44 0 4
New Hampshire 1 i) 3 15 0 3
New Jersey 4 1 23 27 1 63
New Mexico 5 3 7 8 1 9
New York 12 10 61 94 1 127
North Carolina 5 3 32 26 6 25
North Dakota 1 1 33 11 1 3
Ohio 3 1 62 46 3 61
Oklahoma 1 te) 354 19 1 18
Oregon 5 2 81 27 0 15
Pennsylvania 14 3 160 83 0 93
Puerto Rico 2 6 4 8 1 13
Rhode Island 0 0 0 7 0 11
South Carolina 7 1 9 11 0 7
South Dakota 0 0 88 16 2 4
Tennessee 2 2 22 22 oO 23
Texas 18 10 212 125 1 82
Utah 5 4 3 9 0 8
Vermont 0 1) 4 5 0 4
Virgin Islands 0 8 0 0 0 0
Virginia 10 2 12 26 2 17
Washingto 4 7 21 26 0 29
0 0 8 7 0 5
7 3 37 68 1 33
Wyoming 0 0 1 1 1 3

18


Summary of Inspections

APHIS/REAC performs prelicensing inspections because
license applicants are required by law to be in full
compliance with regulations and standards before a
license is issued. After a license has been issued, APHIS
performs unannounced inspections and reinspections to
ensure continued compliance with the AWA. Reinspections
are mandatory followup inspections conducted on those
facilities that were found to have one or more violations
that might endanger the health or well-being of the animal.

In FY 1993, APHIS conducted 2,260 prelicensing inspec-
tions, 17,593 compliance inspections, 2,368 carrier
compliance inspections, and 140 auction market inspec-
tions, for a total of 22,361. Agency personnel attempted
but could not complete another 3,186 inspections.

Prelicensing/Preregistration Inspections

Before a license is granted to a dealer or exhibitor
applicant, a prelicensing inspection of their facility must
be passed. This inspection is to determine if the facility
is in compliance with the AWA before granting a license.

For registration purposes, a preinspection is not required.
However, many facilities request REAC consultation.
Whenever possible, REAC honors these requests.

Prelicensing/Preregistration Inspections, FY 1991-93

Compliance Inspections, FY 1991-93

‘Compliance
FY inspections
1993 17,593
1992 17,764
1991 113,762

‘The total compliance inspection number was incorrectly reported as 15,148 in
the FY 1991 Animal Welfare Enforcement report. By mistake, that number
included 1,386 carrier inspections.

Inspections of Animals in Transit

APHIS/REAC conducts unannounced inspections of
registered carriers and intermediate handlers for animals
in transit. Registrants are required to refuse to ship animals
if the shipper does not meet regulatory standards. REAC
inspectors perform unannounced inspections at airports
and intermediate handler facilities to ensure humane
care and handling of animals in transit—especially to
ensure that animals are provided care when there is a
delay involved. Inspectors concentrate their efforts on
times when animals are present for inspections. Inspec-
tions are conducted at major airports as resources allow.

APHIS/REAC intransit inspections for FY 1993 increased
by almost 16 percent over the figures for FY 1992.

Prelicensing Preregistration
Geen na ieee Intransit Inspections, FY 1991-93
FY Total exhibitors facilities
1993 2,260 1,568 47 a Inspections
and 645
1992 3,022 13.022 NA 1993 2,754
1991 2,855, 12,855 NA 1992 2,379
1991 1,631

‘In FY’s 1991 and 1992, only the total prelicensing inspections of dealers and
exhibitors were recorded.

Compliance Inspections
APHIS/REAC routinely makes unannounced inspections

of all licensees and registrants to ascertain compliance
with the regulations. If conditions are discovered that are

not in compliance with the regulations, REAC establishes

a deadline for correction of these items. Inspectors are
required to make a reinspection following this deadline
date. If the conditions remain uncorrected, REAC

documents them for possible legal action. Listed in the
next tabulation are the number of compliance inspections

(including reinspections) for dealers, exhibitors, research

facilities, and intermediate handlers for FY 1991-93.
This listing does not include numbers for prelicensing,
carrier, auction market, or attempted inspections.

12



Appendix

Table 5. Animals Used in Research, With Pain or Distress—No Drugs (FY 1993)

Number of Number of Guinea Farm
registrants all Dogs Cats Primates pigs Hamsters: Rabbits animals Other
Total United States 180 160,480 1,942 740 = '1,353 44,788 =~ 56,695 11,600 5,472 37,890
Total Research 160 152,194 1,603 740 «1,068 ~=— 41,433.» 53,800 10,768 5,067 37,715
Federal Agencies 20 8,286 339 te) 285, 3,355 2,895 832 405 175
Alabama 1 102 96 0 6 0 0 0 0 0
Alaska ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arizona 1 6 0) 0 0 0 0 4 2 0
Arkansas 2 8,852 196 0 0 428 284 330 0 7,614
California 16 6,716 113 0) 6 3,433 471 1,255 212 ‘1,226
Colorado 5 6,287 22 0 0) 1,133. 5,032 100 0 0
Connecticut 3 479 14 0) 0 192 10 263 0 0)
Delaware 3 922 25 0 1 820 0 76 0 0
District of Columbia 1 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
Florida 3 159 0 0 14 0 0 112 33 0
Georgia 1 5,274 7 79 0 0 = 4,950 0 B 105
Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Idaho 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
Illinois 8 2,164 267 12 3 1,257 510 88 27 0
Indiana 3 2,157 26 0 14 2,076 0) ML 0 30
Towa 5 20,356 130 165 0 1,925 18,136 0 0 0
Kansas 3 8,284 0 0 20 1,735 5,430 618 38 443
Kentucky 1 108 0 0 0 0 0 108 0 0
Louisiana 1 628 0 0 628 0 0) 0) 0 0)
Maine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )
Maryland 2 64 5 0 2 0) 0 57 0 0
Massachusetts 8 11,496 0 0 22 514 0 62 72 10,826
Michigan 5 3,492 0 183 29 430 1,176 259 1,415 0
Minnesota 4 19,022 231 199 0 179 3,156 598 2,451 12,208
Mississippi 0 0 ) ) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Missouri 5 9,261 93 50 7 2,282 6,637 137 45 ()
Montana 2 318 0 0 0) 310 0) 8 0 0)
Nebraska 3 6,042 55 44 0 31 5,907 0 5 0
Nevada 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0
New Hampshire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
New Jersey 17 4,856 38 0 7 3,290 35 1,405 8 3
New Mexico 0 0 0 0 0) . 0 0 0 0 0
New York 14 7,054 156 0 37 3,261 2,041 61 3 1,495
North Carolina 5 2,082 14 0) 0 465 0 1,033 570 0
North Dakota 0) 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ohio 7 3,517 5 0 89 2,555 0 678 0 190
Oklahoma 1 B 0) 0 0 0 0 0 4B 0)
Oregon 0 0 0 0 0) 0 0) 0 0 0
Pennsylvania 3 10,578 50 8 49 7,075 25 554 0 = 2,817
Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) 0 0)
Rhode Island 1 60 0 0 0 0 0 0) 60 0
South Carolina 0 0) 0 0 0) 0) 0 0 0 0)
South Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 ) ) 0 0) 0
Tennessee 2 2,112 0) 0) 12 0 0 2,100 0) 0
Texas 5 581 0) 0 0 170 0 151 10 250
Utah 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )
Vermont 0 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0) 0 0
Virginia 1 40 0 0 40 0 0 0) 0) 0
Virgin Islands 0) 0 0) 0 ) 0 0 0 0 0
Washington 2 7,825 0 0 2 7,823 0 0 0 0
West Virgini: 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0
Wisconsin 4 1,236 0 0 0 49 0 693 0) 494
Wyoming 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 to) 2
22

Yr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1994 300-122/00103


Animal Welfare Accomplishments for

FY 1993
Average Percent
numberof change Number recon Numberot in
Net ee Seegpections inspections ofstes per ste ——_inspections_—_inspetions
Compliance Inspections’ Inspections Other Than Compliance Inspections
Dealers 4,154 2.10 8,718 6.6 Intransit
carriers 2429 NA 2,368 +16.0
Research . .
facilities 3,149 1.56 4,907 +14 Prelicensing
inspections NA NA 2,260 33.7
Exhibitors 1,828 1.96 3,582 +10.2 .
Auction market
Intermediate inspections NA NA 3140 _
handlers 280 1.38 386 414.2 |
Attempted inspec-
Totals 9,411 1.87 17,593 1.0 tions of dealers
and exhibitors NA NA 33,186 -
‘The total compliance inspection numbers do not include prelicensing, cartier, Totals 129 7,954 _
auction market, or attempted inspections. Compliance inspections are
“unannounced” inspections/reinspections. Prelicensing inspections are
aaa eee ep espcctons could not be performed. Because Total of Compliance and
snsed dealers. Attem; ions cou! . Becau: ‘
Hacer per of cartier sites-can be In the thousands and Varies greatly from year Other Inspections 25,547 _

to year, these sites and inspections are not included in the calculations for total

compliance numbers.

?Transportation Carrier Sites is a category representing commercial airlines.
Each airline may have two or more animal transportation “sites” at each airport
it serves. Due to frequent changes in airline activities and other factors, the
number of sites is constantly changing. REAC inspectors concentrate most of

their efforts on major airports.

2auction Market and Attempted Inspections are categories not previously

reported.
Chart 2
Compliance Inspections
FY 1991-93
20,000
17704 7509

mm 1991

Ml 1992
15,000} (1) 1993 ‘are
10,000 93a

8718
6,980
‘4907
5,000 4 nade
3967 93250 3,582
2.641
245 388 86
o4
Dealers Research Exhibitors Intermediate Totals
facilities handlers

‘Numbers from WBBS reports



Appendix

Table 2. Animals Used in Research (FY 1993)

Number of Number of Guinea Farm

registrants allanimals Dogs Cats Primates pigs Hamsters Rabbits animals‘ Other
Total United States 1,331 2,369,439 106,191 33,991 49,561 392,138 318,268 426,501 365,233 677,556
Total Research 1,184 2,196,271 101,855 32,075 44,375 372,998 295,749 402,008 322,415 624,796
Federal Agencies 147 173,168 4,336 «1,916 5,186 19,140 22,519 24,493 42,818 52,760
Alabama 11 13,912 2,412 316 953 1,647 967 3,130 2,530 1,957
Alaska 3 43 20 11 0 0 ) 12 1) 0
Arizona 8 6,303 771 177 108 1,101 1,245 2,108 784 9
Arkansas 9 15,751 374 79 10 638 963 916 475 12,296
California 139 418,555 4,783 4,092 4,971 35,884 37,795 76,316 202,331 52,383
Colorado 20 19,812 1,972 915 60 2,962 6,961 2,888 2,086 1,968
Connecticut 19 22,002 2,115 142 236 4,370 4,739 5,090 1,446 3,864
Delaware 7 106,380 1,483 160 100 21,066 19,229 3,247 186 60,909
District of Columbia 7 2,741 549 507 8 257 292 500 366 262
Florida 30 22,716 1,996 507 60 1,749 949 1594 3,952 7,909
Georgia 19 70,916 2,264 695 1,725 867 12,171 24,802 3,639 24,753
Hawaii 2 887 i) 9 6 178 346 197 147 4
Idaho 4 486 18 0 0 2 12 45 37 302
Illinois 45 67,355 5,561 1,390 954 18,758 10,163 16,784 6,678 +~—-7,067
Indiana 16 23,467 3,274 268 375 8,596 1,958 5,207 1,203 2,586
Iowa 15 49,977 2,720 915 62 7,646 23,936 7,357 5,595 1,746
Kansas 18 26,381 2,274 849 58 2,437 13,704 1,864 1,618 3,577
Kentucky 7 13,019 493, 315 44 423 2,010 2,139 1,824 5,771
Louisiana u 18,613 1,759 1,185 6,681 1,173 518 3,520 1,457 2,320
Maine 14 1,456 64 60 0 66 83 593 434 156
Maryland 29 24,562 1,768 843 1,194 5,618 3,468 6,970 2,032 2,669
Massachusetts 81 92,782 1,573 274 2,194 11,028 15,150 18,350 7,291 36,922
Michigan 34 56,602 5,560 1,674 1,009 9,111 4,266 14,726 4,960 15,296
Minnesota 24 84,439 4,441 1,069 60 7,515 10,813 6,224 7,395 46,922
Mississippi 5 2,431 796 31 14 6 328 377 497 382
Missouri 31 52,084 5,520 2,810 128 9,217 13,441 12,411 6,559 1,998
Montana 3 1,782 3 23 16 650 i) 897 26 167
Nebraska 14 52,794 1,387 797 54 2,344 23,151 3,822 9,343 11,896
Nevada 2 1,315 143 0 0 532 18 202 171 249
New Hampshire 3 895 8 111 0 26 181 310 235 24
New Jersey 48 150,358 6,995 902 3,094 68,609 16,207 34,899 3,703 15,949
New Mexico 9 2,257 324 24 513, 146 98 57 284 811
New York 110 95,410 6,044 2,313 1,971 28,841 25,716 15,994 4,252 10,279
North Carolina 22 58,255 4,485 730 2,288 13,722 3,490 15,045 4,147 14,348
North Dakota 2 1,340 25 14 i) 68 528 108 313 284
Ohio 54 67,315 3,945 1,437 557 26,031 4,810 17,506 7,621 5,408
Oklahoma 14 3,785 1,028 388 5 55 73 782 352 1,102
Oregon 12 5,228 221 180 682 1,537 786 1,267 497 58
Pennsylvania 83 120,430 6,966 1,993 1,290 48,649 7,327 33,951 4,223 16,031
Puerto Rico 8 2,830 195 i) 2,049 0 56 439 16 75
Rhode Island 6 2,220 38 142 90 308 30 186 569 857
South Carolina 7 6,420 374 380 92 527 791 954 484 2,818
South Dakota 4 457 30 19 6 23 64 165 44 106
Tennessee 18 15,193 1,382 327 317 1,420 1,522 5,934 1,753 2,538
Texas 75 78,004 6,449 1,427 3,450 8,340 6,496 25,032 8,014 18,796
Utah 7 9,835 499 115 3 1,736 546 3,082 583 3,271
Vermont 3 2,627 49 28 0 226 64 845, 90 1,325
Virginia 14 17,438 2,144 397 1,344 1,171 3,441 4,838 = 1,350 2,753
Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0
Washington 25 129,041 1,239 183 2,447 8,446 5,595, 3,388 942 106,801
West Virginia 5 2,842 78 78 0 480 581 89 115 1,421
Wisconsin 26 153,827 3,205 759 3,097 6,682 8,669 10,826 7,713 112,876
Wyoming 2 701 39 15 0 44 2 23 53 525

19


Appendix

Table 4. Animals Used in Research, With Pain or Distress—With Drugs (FY 1993)

Number of Number of Guinea Farm
registrants allanimals Dogs Cats Primates pigs Hamsters Rabbits animals Other

Total United States 963 926,990 64,739 18,905 19,461 113,197 112,784 186,250 255,497 156,157
Total Research 833 874,259 61,164 17,251 17,269 108,183 107,241 168,459 246,612 148,080
Federal Agencies 130 52,731 «3,575 «1,654 ~— 2,192 5,014 5,543 17,791 8,885 8,077
Alabama 7 6,259 1,664 131 62 222 368 2,490 391 931
Alaska 2 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arizona 6 4,920 675 17 30 704 1,029 1,542 763 0
Arkansas 8 1,573 35 74 0 172 333 212 275 472
California 89 273,775 3,297 2,901 1,547 7,393 22,344 33,599 189,181 13,513
Colorado 15 5,855 565 58 20 1,343 216 1,843 1,214 596
Connecticut 15 13,519 1,958 135 213 1,234 1,665 4,094 1,226 2,994
Delaware 5 21,058 624 81 87 5,555 11,736 400 139 2,436
District of Columbia 5 2,301 548 507 0 250 140 276 366 214
Florida 15 19,335 1,938 496 31 1,449 482 4,218 3,696 7,025
Georgia 7 31,528 1,154 204 1,275 459 5,592 12,578 3,160 7,106
Hawaii 2 676 ) 9 0) 0 346 174 147 0
Idaho 2 244 18 0) 0) 50 0 17 n 148
Illinois 32 25,236 3,093, 731 385 6,832 3,621 6,383 1,919 2,272
Indiana 10 10,930 2,491 224 uM 1,830 1,294 2,357 502 2,221
Towa 9 7,418 1,767 86 62 512 277 2,935 561 1,218
Kansas 10 2,418 456 99 28 34 851 365 221 364
Kentucky 7 6,473 434 267 44 373 1,354 848 228 2,925
Louisiana 7 8,927 1,243 359 779 1,118 94 3,079 243 2,012
Maine 6 315 63 49 0 0 70 20 97 16
Maryland 23 16,270 1,728 826 953 3,392 1,287 3,989 1,956 2,139
Massachusetts 59 49,981 1,190 267 1,795 4,276 12,228 9,919 4,556 15,750
Michigan 26 19,167 2,882 1,116 264 1,783 1,802 5,755 1,666 3,899
Minnesota 18 16,071 3,353 314 12 4,994 786 2,823 2,151 1,638
Mississippi 4 2,143 786 31 14 0 328 357 426 201
Missouri 23 17,052 1,765 666 103 2,382 3,903 5,381 1,372 1,480
Montana 3 514 3 19 0 62 0 353 23 54
Nebraska 12 4,495 389 306 14 232 628 565 861 1,500
Nevada 2 177 2 0 0 0 0 4 171 0
New Hampshire 3 641 8 55 0 16 105 212 235 10
New Jersey 37 51,103 3,188 378 1,413 20,615 3,882 6,589 3,309 11,729
New Mexico 8 1,146 109 0 306 19 64 18 279 351
New York 74 35,816 3,329 1,215 872 8,432 6,125 8,205 3,675 3,963
North Carolina 19 27,076 3,349 424 1,047 5,268 2,437 4,973 2,588 6,990
North Dakota 2 301 ) 0) 0 60 0 8 34 199
Ohio 44 26,767 3,138 905 231 3,724 3,282 5,701 7,206 —-2,580
Oklahoma 9 1,800 342 291 3 22 0 599 38 505
Oregon 8 4,223 188 114 380 1,440 373 1,230 496 2
Pennsylvania 53 38,418 2,713 1,010 630 14,978 4,360 6,465 2,106 6,156
Puerto Rico 3 1,430 24 0 1,299 0 6 18 16 67
Rhode Island 4 1,684 37 142 76 308 0 124 454 543
South Carolina 6 3,368 347 358 92 172 714 558 481 646
South Dakota 2 266 22 9 6 16 47 157 9 0
Tennessee 13 8,047 1,066 256 179 410 1,012 2,412 1,525 1,187
Texas 50 40,217 4,937 784 1,039 3,835 4,949 13,495 3,385 7,793
Utah 5 1,083 166 25 0 40 0 402 425 25
Vermont 2 1,221 47 28 0 0 0 573 0 573
Virginia 12 10,564 1,242 355 335 1,038 2,950 3,543 1,046 55
Virgin Islands 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Washington 18 12,436 967 163 1,163 485 2,932 2,551 766 3,409
West Virginia 5 1,723 78 78 0 446 301 44 115, 661
Wisconsin 15 36,034 1,687 513 469 202 926 4,004 887 27,346
Wyoming 2 245 39 15 0 6 2 2 15 166

21


Special Projects

Special projects are those activities where REAC employees
make program presentations to requesting groups, partici-
pate in major scientific/industry meetings, and write articles
for professional publications. The sectors began reporting
these activities in FY 1993; headquarters information on
special projects is not available for FY 1993 but will be
tracked in future Animal Welfare Enforcement reports.

Special Projects

Sector
FY offices Headquarters
1993 1,540 NA

16

Legislative Recommendations

Because of issues that arose during FY 1993 concerning
enforcement, USDA is reviewing its statutory authority to
determine whether any changes need to be made. If
the Department determines changes are necessary, we
will forward a legislative proposal to Congress.


Reports From Research Facilities

Each research facility registered under the AWA and
each Federal research facility is required to submit an
annual report, signed and certified by the Institu-
tional Official, covering the previous fiscal year. The
report lists the number and species of animals used
in research, testing, and experimentation, and it
indicates whether pain-relieving drugs were admin-
istered. If such drugs were not administered, the
report must explain why the use of pain-relieving
drugs would have interfered with the research or
experiment. The report must also assure that
professionally acceptable standards, including the
appropriate use of pain-relieving drugs, were
followed; that each principal investigator considered
alternatives to painful procedures; and that the
facility adhered to the regulations under the AWA
and that any exception to such adherence was
justified by the principal investigator and approved
by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

In FY 1993, 2,369,439 warmblooded animals were
used in research, testing, or experimentation. This
number excludes birds, laboratory rats and mice, and
farm animals used in agricultural research. Chart 4
shows the number and species of animals used in
research for FY 1993. Chart 5 shows the number and
percentages of animals used in research that involved
no pain or distress, or where the pain or distress was
alleviated with drugs, or where there was pain or
distress but no drugs were used because they would
interfere with the research or test results. The tables
in the appendix contain further details.

In FY 1993, there were 74 research facilities and

79 Federal research facilities whose data are not
included in this report because they either (1) did not
submit a report or (2) submitted it too late for
tabulation. It is a violation of the AWA for a facility,
whether active or inactive, not to submit a timely
report. The violating parties are subject to legal
action.

Chart 4

Animals Used in Research, Experiments,
Testing, and Teaching
FY 1993

Farm animals

Other animals

Total

0 1,500,000

Chart 5

Animals Experiencing Pain and/or Distress, Pain/Distress

Relief, or No Pain/Distress During Experiments
FY 1993

Pain andlor
with no drugs

Pain andor
distress.
alleviated
‘No pain

pal
distress:
Total animats
used in
research

a T T T
0 1,500,000

Numbers from APHIS form 7023



Regulations

‘With regard to animals used in research, the Improved
Standards for Laboratory Animals Act required the
Secretary of Agriculture to promulgate standards for the
exercise of dogs and for a physical environment adequate
to promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman
primates. Additional requirements of the 1985 amend-
ments included the establishment of Institutional Animal
Care and Use Committees at research facilities; standards
to ensure that pain and distress are minimized and that
anesthetics, analgesics, and tranquilizers are used
appropriately; and standards that require a researcher to
consider alternatives to painful procedures. In order to
implement the Improved Standards for Laboratory
Animals Act, the final regulations for Parts 1 and 2 were
published on August 31, 1989; those for Part 3 were
published on February 15, 1991.

Revised standards for guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits
were published in final form in the Federal Register on
July 15, 1990, and became effective on August 15, 1990.
These standards increased the minimum space require-
ments and provided additional requirements to protect
animals being transported via common carrier.

On April 5, 1990, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's
(USDA) APHIS published a notice in the Federal Register
of its intent to regulate horses used for biomedical or
other nonagricultural research, and other farm animals
used for biomedical or other nonagricultural research or
for nonagricultural exhibition. The final rule became
effective on June 4, 1990. Until specific regulations can
be promulgated, the standards in Title 9, Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR), Subpart F, for “other warmblooded.
animals” will be applied. Specific regulations for farm
animals are currently being considered.

The Pet Protection Act, which was passed in November
1990 by Congress as part of the Food, Agriculture,
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, sets specific
holding periods for animals in public or private pounds
or shelters and requires certification that the holding
period has been met. The regulations for this Act,
proposed on November 15, 1991, were published as a
final rule on July 22, 1993, and became effective August
23, 1993.

Expenditures for FY 1993

The FY 1993 Animal Welfare program obligated
$9,188,000, for activities related to animal welfare. The
tabulation below indicates APHIS’ animal-welfare-related
expenditures for FY 1993 and the preceding 2 fiscal years.

Expenditures for Animal Welfare, FY 1991-93

Annual expenditures.
for animal welfare

FY enforcement’
(Millions)
1993 $9.188
1992 - $9.094
1991 $8.967

With the FY 1993 budget, Regulatory Enforcement no longer receives a
portion of its operating expenses from the Animal Care budget. Regulatory
Enforcement’s budget is now a line item.


Compliance Inspections Made During FY 1991-93

Total Number of

facilities Total inspections
FY (sites) inspections per site
1993 7,695 "17,593 1.87
411)
1992 7,751 "17,764 1.87
(9,483)
1991 7,811 213,762 1.40

(9,832)

"The total compliance inspections do not include prelicensing, carrier, auction
market, or attempted inspections. Compliance inspections are “unannounced”
inspections/reinspections. Prelicensing inspections are “announced”
inspections. Inspections at auction markets are made to locate unlicensed
dealers. Attempted inspections are those that could not be performed. Carter
inspections are not included because the number of sites varies greatly from
year to year.

In the FY 1991 Animal Welfare Enforcement report, carrier inspection numbers
were accidentally included in this category. The correct inspection number is
13762, The ste Inspection rate Should be 1.40 instead of the 1.54 reported in

Legislative History

In 1966, Congress enacted Public Law 89-544, known as
the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act. This law regulated
dealers who handle dogs and cats, as well as laboratories
that use dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, and
nonhuman primates in research.

The first amendment to the Laboratory Animal Welfare
Act was passed in 1970 (P.L. 91-579) and changed the
name of the law to the Animal Welfare Act. This
amendment authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to
regulate other warmblooded animals when used in
research, exhibition, or the wholesale pet trade.

An amendment in 1976 (P.L. 94-279) prohibited most
animal fighting ventures and regulated the commercial
transportation of animals. In 1985, the Improved
Standards for Laboratory Animals Act was enacted as
part of the Food Security Act and further amended the
AWA. These amendments required the Secretary to
issue additional standards for the use of animals in
research.

In 1990, injunctive relief and pet protection provisions
were passed as part of the Food, Agriculture, Conserva-
tion, and Trade Act of 1990. The injunctive relief
provision authorized the Secretary to seek an injunction
to stop a licensed entity from continuing to violate the
AWA while charges are pending (Injunctions pertain to
cases of stolen animals or in cases where an animal’s
health is in serious danger). The pet protection provi-
sion mandated that the Secretary issue additional
regulations pertaining to random source dogs and cats.
(Section 1, 9 CFR A, Part 1, defines random source
animals as “dogs and cats obtained from animal pounds
or shelters, auction sales, or from any person who did
not breed and raise them on his or her premises.”)


Glossary of Terms

Airport inspection—Individual airline inspections of ramps
and cargo and baggage areas made at airports for
compliance with the AWA regulations and standards.

Alleged violation—A violation of the Animal Welfare Act
regulations or standards that has been documented as
existing but has not been legally concluded.

Complaints—(1) A civil or administrative complaint
informs the alleged violator of the AWA about allegations
charged against him/her. (2) A public complaint is
information received from citizens, humane groups, or
others concerning possible violations of the AWA,
regulations, or standards at animal facilities.

Compliance—Compliance indicates that a facility meets
all of the regulatory requirements set forth in the AWA
regulations and standards.

Enforcement—The activities undertaken by USDA and
APHIS/REAC personnel to ensure that the AWA’s
regulations and standards are met. Enforcement includes
developing alleged violation cases and taking action in
the form of Letters of Warning, warning tickets, stipula-
tions, administrative complaints, hearings, trials, and
other legal procedures and methods to obtain compliance.

Inspections—

© Compliance inspection—An inspection completed,
after licensing or registration, to determine the
facility’s compliance with the AWA regulations and
standards. Compliance inspections include
reinspections but not prelicensing inspections.

¢ Prelicensing inspection—An inspection made, after
application for licensure has been submitted, to
ascertain compliance with the AWA regulations and
standards prior to licensing the facility. Preregistration
inspections, although not required, are often per-
formed upon request of the facility.

© Reinspection—An inspection made following a
compliance inspection in which one or more viola-
tions were documented.

Investigation—Inquiries and examination of allegation(s)
that a person or facility is not complying with the AWA
or its regulations or standards.

Random source dogs and cats—Animals acquired from
animal pounds and shelters, auction sales, or from any
person who did not breed and raise the animals on his
or her premises.

Registered research facility—

© An active registered research facility is a USDA-
registered research facility that currently utilizes animals
covered by the AWA for teaching, testing, or experi-
mentation.

© An inactive registered research facility is a USDA-
registered research facility that currently does not
utilize or hold animals covered by the AWA for
teaching, testing, or experimentation.

Searches—Activity associated with finding unlicensed or
unregistered persons or animal facilities.

Site—The physical location where animals are used,
housed, or maintained by a licensed or registered
facility. A licensed or registered facility may have one
or more animal sites. A site may be a room, building,
outdoor run area, or similar type of facility used to hold
or work on animals.

Stipulation—An agreement by a violator to accept
assessment of a civil penalty, license suspension, or
combination of both. The stipulation procedure is used
instead of formal administrative hearings. Alleged
violators are offered the opportunity to waive a hearing
by agreeing to enter into a stipulation, in which case they
will pay a specified civil penalty and/or have their
license suspended for a specified period.

Violation—An area or item, at a registered or licensed

facility, found to be out of compliance with the regula-
tions or standards of the AWA.

17


Licensing and Registration

The AWA regulations require the licensing of animal
dealers, exhibitors, and operators of animal auction sales
where animals regulated under the AWA are sold.
Licenses are valid unless the licensee terminates the
license voluntarily or fails to renew it, or the license is
suspended or revoked by an Administrative Law Judge in
an enforcement proceeding. The Department terminates
licenses that are not renewed within the time require-
ments set forth in the regulations. Following the
investigation of an alleged violation, a license may be
revoked or suspended by an Administrative Law Judge
after notice and opportunity for a hearing. Licensing fees
for dealers and exhibitors are determined by a gradu-
ated schedule listed in the regulations [9 CFR 2.6(5)(o)].
Dealers pay between $30 and $750, and exhibitors pay
between $30 and $300 per year. These fees are depos-
ited as “miscellaneous receipts” in the U.S. Treasury.

The AWA also requires all carriers, intermediate handlers,
exhibitors not subject to licensing, and non-Federal
research facilities to register with the Secretary of Agricul-
ture. There is no charge to register.

Chart 3

Research Facilities

Research facilities that use animals include hospitals,
colleges and universities, diagnostic laboratories, and
many private firms in the pharmaceutical and biotech-
nology industries.

All such research facilities are required to comply with the
AWaA’s regulations. Even though Federal facilities are
not registered or inspected under the AWA, they are
responsible for maintaining compliance with the AWA’s
regulations and standards. The AWA requires that non-
Federal research facilities receive at least one unannounced
inspection per year to determine compliance. This rate
of inspection was accomplished in FY 1993. Listed
below are the number of active and inactive registered
research facilities for FY 1991-93. Chart 3 shows the
number of inspections of research facilities for FY 1991-93.

Registered Research Facilities, FY 1991-93

Total Active Inactive Additional
FY sites facilities facilities sites
1993 3,149 1,400 33 1,716
1992 3,205 1,473 54 1,678
1991 3,495 1,391 83 2,021

'Refer to the definition of site in the glossary of terms.

Registered Research Facilities
FY 1991-93

“includes facilty plus additional housing sites.
‘Numbers from WBBS reports

6,000
5,000 — 4,907
Mi 1901
MB 1992 4,303
CI 1993
4,000 3,745
3,495,
3.205 3,149
3,000 +
2,000 +
1,474 15274 agg
1,000 4
° T
Number of *Number of Number of inspections,
facilities sites including reinspections





Ives

Iture

Icu

he Secretary of Agr
to the President of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representat

iscal Year 1993

Enforcement

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Report of t

Animal Welfare

United States
tment of
Plant Health
Inspection
APHIS 41-35-022

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Animal and

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Carriers and Intermediate Handlers

Carriers registered with USDA include airlines, motor
freight lines, railroads, and other shipping lines. Registered
intermediate handlers include ground freight handlers.

Intermediate handlers usually provide services for
animals between consignor and carrier and from carrier
to consignee. They also care for animals delayed in
transit.

The number of registered carriers and intermediate
handlers for the past 3 years is listed in the next tabulation.
The number of carrier and intermediate handler inspec-
tions is shown on chart 7.

Chart 7

Registered Carriers and Intermediate Handlers,
FY 1991-93

Registered Intermediate
FY carriers! handlers
1993 129 280
1992 136 282
1991 141 301

°The site count for carriers is based on the number of transportation companies
under lation. The actual number of sites held by these companies is in the
thousands and varies greatly from year to year.

Carriers and Intermediate Handlers
FY 1991-93

3,000

2,500 —

2,000 4

1,500 +

1,000

500

141 136 129

2784

1631

of

Carrier
inspections handlers

T
Intermediate Intermediate
handler

inspections

Carriers

Numbers from WEBS reports

T

Total cartier and

intermediate handler
inspections

10


Animal Exhibitors

Licensed exhibitors operate animal acts, carnivals,
circuses, public zoos, roadside zoos, and marine mammal
displays. Most of the animals exhibited are wild or
exotic species not native to the United States (e.g.,
nonhuman primates, hoof stock, carnivores, and wild
rodents), but exhibited species may also include domestic
farm animals and wild animals native to this country.
During FY 1993, 1,773 exhibitors held USDA licenses,
and 55 were registered. Licensed exhibitors are those
entities that either obtain or dispose of animals in
commerce or exhibit them for compensation. Registered
exhibitors do not buy, sell, or transport animals and do
not accept compensation. Listed below are the number
of exhibitors regulated during FY 1991-93. Chart 6 shows
the number of inspections for that same period. APHIS
Animal Care personnel conducted 1.96 inspections per
exhibitor facility during FY 1993 as compared with 1.94
in FY 1992.

Chart 6

Regulated Exhibitors, FY 1991-93

Exhibitor

FY Total Licensed Registered
1993 1,828 1,773 55
1992 1,672 1,618 54
1991 1,495 1,444 51

Licensed and Registered Exhibitors
FY 1991-93

4,000
3,500 4 Ml 1901
Hl i992
3,000 4 1 1993
2,500 4

2,000 4

1,500
1,000
5004

o4

‘Numbers from WBBS reports

3,582

Number of facilities Number of inspections,
including reinspections



Organization and Administration of the AWA

USDA is charged with developing and implementing
regulations to support the AWA. These regulations,
which appear in 9 CFR, Parts 1-3, provide minimum
standards for the care and handling of covered animals.
Included are requirements for handling, housing,
feeding, sanitation, ventilation, shelter from extreme
weather, veterinary care, and separation of species
when necessary. Birds and laboratory rats and mice are
currently excluded from these regulations, but legal
action pending at the end of FY 1993 may cause their
inclusion.

Within USDA, APHIS is responsible for administering the
AWA. The REAC unit of APHIS has direct responsibility
for administration of this program. REAC was estab-
lished within APHIS in 1988 to administer and enforce
the AWA and the Horse Protection Act.

The Animal Care component of APHIS/REAC allows
APHIS to give exclusive attention and visibility to the
Animal Care program. Employees of Animal Care devote
100 percent of their efforts to animal care. These
personnel are highly qualified and have an excellent
professional support system and communication network.
All of these individuals are highly trained, and some
have specialized interest and expertise in such areas as
the care of laboratory animals, zoo animals, and marine
mammals.

The Regulatory Enforcement component of APHIS/REAC
brings together the professional investigators of the
agency into a single unit. Regulatory enforcement is an
integral part of an overall approach to achieving compli-
ance with APHIS regulations through sound enforce-
ment and strong educational efforts.

APHIS/REAC Headquarters Activities

The assistant deputy administrator for Animal Care
supervises the inspection field force. The Animal Care
staff provides technical support and assists in developing
program direction, goals, priorities, policies, procedures,
and regulations to carry out the Animal Care program
effectively and efficiently. The Animal Care staff serves
as the source of the agency’s expertise in the areas of
laboratory animals and research facilities, horse protec-
tion, exhibition animals, and animal dealers.

In cooperation with APHIS’ Recruitment and Develop-
ment group, the Animal Care staff provides program
training for Animal Care personnel. The staff also
cooperates with other Federal agencies in enforcing the
AWA and in maintaining liaison and working relations
with regulated professional groups, industry organizations,
humane groups, and other concerned groups or indi-
viduals.

6

The Regulatory Enforcement staff has the enforcement
function for all APHIS programs. This includes, but is
not limited to, investigation of violations of the AWA
regulations, the documentation of evidence, and the
development of alleged violation cases for prosecution.
Regulatory Enforcement personnel work closely with
USDA's Office of the General Counsel in the prosecution
of violators.

APHIS/REAC Field Activities

The Animal Care program is regionally administered
through sector offices in Annapolis, MD, Minneapolis,
MN, Sacramento, CA, Fort Worth, TX, and Tampa, FL.
Each sector office is responsible for administering the
AWA in the specific States within its jurisdiction. Based
at each sector office is a supervisory veterinary medical
officer who manages the Animal Care program and a
supervisory investigator who manages the Regulatory
Enforcement program. Licensing, registration, and
investigation of complaints and alleged violations are
accomplished by APHIS/REAC administrative, technical,
and clerical employees also based at the sector offices.
The Animal Care field force consists of veterinary
medical officers and animal care inspectors. Regulatory
Enforcement field personnel are investigators who are
responsible for investigating alleged compliance viola-
tions.

Training

Two inspectors completed the Exhibition Animal
Internship Program during FY 1993. Specialized training
in animal exhibition, husbandry, and management was
provided to a participating field veterinary medical
officer in a 13-week program and to an animal care
inspector in a 7-week program. They spent varying
periods of time at zoological institutions working with
the staff and studying the operations and management
of zoos and aquariums. Curriculum development
involved coordinated liaison with the member institu-
tions of the American Association of Zoological Parks
and Aquariums (AAZPA). AAZPA members are actively
involved in the further development of this internship.


Appendix

Table 3. Animals Used in Research, No Pain or Distress—No Drugs (FY 1993)

20

Number of Number of Guinea Farm
registrants all animals Dogs Cats Primates pigs Hamsters Rabbits animals Other
Total United States 993 1,281,969 39,510 14,346 28,747 234,153 148,789 228,651 104,264 483,509
Total Research 900 1,169,818 39,088 14,084 26,038 223,382 134,708 222,781 70,736 439,001
Federal Agencies 93 112,151 422 262 2,709 10,771 14,081 5,870 33,528 44,508
Alabama 10 7,551 652 185 885 1,425 599 640 2,139 ‘1,026
Alaska 1 23 0 rt 0 0 0 12 0 0
Arizona 5 1,377 96 0 78 397 216 562 19 9
‘Arkansas 8 5,326 143 5 10 38 346 374 200 4,210
California 105 138,064 1,373. s«1,191 3,418 = 25,058 14,980 41,462 12,938 37,644
Colorado 16 7670 = 1,385 857 40 486 1,713 945 872 1,372
Connecticut 15 8004 143, 7 23 2,944 3,064 733 220 870
Delaware 7 ~~ 84,400 834 79 12 14,691 7,493 2,771 47 58,473
District of Columbia 4 428 1 0 8 7 152 224 0 36
Florida 20 3,222 58 ML 15 300 467 1,264 223, 884
Georgia 13 34,114 1,043 412 450 408 —-1,629-——12,224 406 17,542
Hawaii 1 211 0 0 6 178 0 23 0 4
Idaho 4 235 0 0 0 22 12 21 26 154
Illinois 36 -39,955 2,201 647 566 10,669 6,032 10,313. «4,732 4,795
Indiana 11 10,380 757 44 350 4,690 664 2,839 701 335
Iowa 11 22,203 823 664 0 5,209 5,523 4,422 5,034 528
Kansas 15 15,679 ‘1,818 750 10 668 = 7,423 881 1,359 2,770
Kentucky 5 6,438 59 48 0 50 656 1,183 1,596 2,846
Louisiana 9 9,058 516 826 5,274 55 424 441 1,214 308
Maine 1 1,141 1 u 0 66 13 573 337 140
Maryland 23 8,228 35 7 239 2,226 2,181 2,924 16 530
Massachusetts 62 31,305 383 7 377 6,238 2,922 8,369 2,663 10,346
Michigan 24 33,943 2,678 375 716 6,898 1,288 8,712 1,879 11,397
Minnesota 16 49,346 857 556 48 2,342 6,871 2,803 2,793 33,076
Mississippi 2 288 10 0 0 6 0 20 71 181
Missouri 25 25,771 -3,662——-2,094 8 4553 2,901 6,893 5,142 518
Montana 3 950 0 4 16 278 0 536 3 113
Nebraska 11 42,257 943 447 40 2,081 16,616 3,257 8,477 «10,396
Nevada 1 1,138 141 0 0 532 18 198 0 249
New Hampshire 2 254 0 56 0 10 76 98 0) 14
New Jersey 43 94,399 3,769 524 1,604 44,704 12,290 26,905 3860 4,217
New Mexico 7 4111 215 24 207 127 34 39 5 460
New York 86 52,540 2,559 1,098 )= 1,062, 17,148 17,550 7,728 574 4,821
North Carolina 20. 29,097 1,122 306 = 1,241 7,989 1,053 9,039 989 7,358
* North Dakota 2 1,039 25 14 0 8 528 100 279 85
Ohio 40 37,031 802 532 237 «19,752 1,528 11,127 415 2,638
Oklahoma 12 1,942 686 97 2 33 B 183 an 597
Oregon 8 1,005 33 66 302 97 413 37 1 56
Pennsylvania 58 71,434 = 4,203 975 611 26,596 2,942 »—- 26,932 2,117 7,058
Puerto Rico 6 1,400 171 0 750 0 50 421 0 8
Rhode Island 5 476 1 0 14 0 30 62 55 314
South Carolina 6 3,052 27 22 0 355 7 396 3 2,172
South Dakota 3 191 8 10 0) 7 17 8 35 106
Tennessee 15 5,034 316 71 126 1,010 510 1,422 228 = «1,351
Texas 54 37,206 = 1,512 643 2,411 4,335 «1,547 11,386 4,619 10,753
Utah 6 8,752 333 90 3 1,696 546 2,680 158 3,246
Vermont 2 1,406 2 0 0 226 64 272 90 752
Virginia 13 6,834 902 42 969 133 491 1,295 304 2,698
Virgin Islands 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0) 0) 0 0
Washington 16 108,780 272 20 1,282 138 (2,663 837 176 103,392
West Virginia 2 1,119 0 0 0 34 280 45 0 760
Wisconsin 19 116,557 1,518 246 2,628 6,431 7,743 6,129 6,826 85,036
Wyoming 1 454 0 0 0) 38 0 21 38 357


Report of 1993 Activities

Each year, the Secretary of Agriculture reports on
administration and enforcement activities of the Animal
Welfare Act (AWA) (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.) as required
by section 25 of the AWA. Furthermore, section 25
states that: “[t)his report as well as any supporting
documents, data, or findings shall not be released to
any other persons, non-Federal agencies, or organiza-
tions unless and until it has been made public by an
appropriate committee of the Senate or the House of
Representatives.”

The present report covers fiscal year (FY) 1993, from
October 1, 1992, through September 30, 1993.

Chart 1

Summary

In FY 1993, 17,593 compliance inspections and
reinspections were conducted by the Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Regulatory Enforce-
ment and Animal Care (REAC) field personnel at 9,411
facilities and sites. But the 17,593 figure excludes three
important categories of inspection work: prelicensing
and carrier inspections (2,260 and 2,368 performed) and
inspections at auction market (140 performed).' Across
all categories, APHIS REAC personnel performed 22,361
inspections during FY 1993. They attempted another
3,186 inspections that could not be completed because
(1) representatives of the inspected entities were not
onsite or (2) airport facilities were found to have no
animals present.

The average number of compliance inspections per site
in FY 1993 was 1.87. The number of field inspectors
(veterinary medical officers and animal care inspectors)
at the end of FY 1993 was 88, 2 more than at the end of
FY 1992.

: Carrier inspections are not included in the 17,593 figure because the total

number of sites is in the thousands and varies greatly from year to year.

Prelicensing inspections are excluded because they are not compliance

inspections. Attempted inspections and auction market inspections are also not

Gompliance inspections. APHIS inspects auction markets to locate unlicensed
lers.

Animal Welfare Accomplishments
FY 1991-93

Dealer
inspections*

6,889

8,718

3,987
Research 4,839
inspections* |4,907

Exhibitor 3,250
3,582

Prelicensing
inspections 3,022

z

Att

tempted NA
‘epections F318

Wl 1991
ME 1992
(2 1993

T T
0 2,000 4,000

“Includes reinspections.
Numbers from Work-Based Budget System (WBBS) reports

T
6,000

T
8,000 10,000



Complaints

APHIS/REAC investigates complaints about licensed or
registered facilities to ensure that regulated animals are
receiving proper care. The agency searches continually for
dealers, exhibitors, or research facilities that are unlicensed
or unregistered, The number of searches for unlicensed
or unregistered facilities and the number of complaints
investigated during FY 1991-93 are tabulated next.

Complaints Investigated and Searches Made,
FY 1991-93

FY Complaints Searches
1993 689 2,984
1992 589 2,490
1991 7 1,844

Violations and Investigations

Violations and investigations are combined in this report.
When it is determined that a facility is not in compliance
with the AWA standards, REAC Animal Care inspectors
discuss corrective measures with the responsible official.

REAC Regulatory Enforcement personnel investigate
alleged violations when corrective measures have not been
taken by licensees or registrants as required. There are
several ways to settle a violation case. Less serious
violations may be settled with an official notice of warning.
More serious violations may be settled with a stipulation’
offer. Cases appearing to warrant prosecution are for-
warded to USDA’s Office of the General Counsel (OGC).
OGC reviews the case to determine if there is a legally
sufficient basis to pursue an enforcement action and
prosecutes these cases on behalf of APHIS. Cases may be
resolved by license suspensions, revocations, cease-and-
desist orders, civil penalties, or combinations of these
through administrative procedures.

4In FY 1992, a stipulation system was implemented. Stipulations allow alleged
violators to pay a fine, have their license suspended, or both, before court
proceedings to close the case. A stipulation is not used in cases where the

animals’ health or well-being is affected. Those alleged violations are routed
directly to OGC.

Numbers of Investigations Conducted and Disposition,
FY 1991-93

Cases Investigated and Reviewed

Submitted to
Regulatory
Enforcement Submitted
FY Cases staff to OGC
1993 921 92 169
1992 980 105 107
1991 701 125 92
Cases Resolved
Official Stipulation Decision
warning offered/settled and order
1993 597 181/141 29
1992 616 7169/115 63
1991 485 NA 78
Sanctions Imposed
Fines Revocations Cease-and-
imposed and suspensions desist orders
1993 3$165,250 8 22
1992 $286,450 14 48
1991 $213,350 37 62

‘This figure includes cases submitted to the Regulatory Enforcement staff during
FY 1992 but not resolved until FY 1993.

FY 1992 is the first year for the stipulation system.
AIncludes $67,500 collected for 141 stipulations settled in FY 1993.

13


Public Information

APHIS issued 22 press releases conceming animal
welfare during FY 1993. These included reports of
animal welfare cases resolved, suspension of licenses,
and new regulations. The agency revised and reprinted
“Licensing and Registration Under the Animal Welfare
Act” and published a poster entitled “Humane Handling
of Animals: It’s the Law” for air-cargo areas at airports.

Public Correspondence

During FY 1993, APHIS received and responded to
numerous inquiries about animal welfare from indi-
vidual citizens and concerned groups. Also, APHIS
received correspondence referred through the Office of
the President and members of Congress. Other Federal
agencies also refer animal welfare concerns to APHIS for
appropriate responses. Listed in the next tabulation are
the numbers of animal welfare inquiries received by
APHIS during FY 1991-93.

Animal Welfare Correspondence Received by APHIS,
FY 1991-93

Correspondence Correspondence
received by received by
FY headquarters sector offices!
1993 76,359 12,221
1992 16,424 NA
1991 36,951 NA

‘Information on the correspondence received by sector offices is not available
for years before 1993.

*The lower numbers for FY 1992 and 1993 are probably due to the fact that
there were no major regulatory proposals either year.

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Requests

In FY 1993, APHIS received 482 FOIA requests related to
animal welfare. Just over 500 work hours were required
to compile the requested FOIA information. The
following tabulation lists the numbers of such requests
received for the past 3 fiscal years.

Animal-Welfare-Related FOIA Requests Received by
APHIS, FY 1991-93

FOIA Sheets of Person
FY requests paper hours!
1993 482 NA 503
1992 573 47,426 NA
1991 655 48,274 NA

*Reponting the number of hours spent on completing FOIA requests gives a
more accurate representation of APHIS work in the FOIA area than counting
the sheets of paper produced, as we did in prior years.

15


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Licensed Dealers

Persons selling regulated animals for research or teaching;
wild or exotic animals for exhibition, in retail channels,
or for pets; or domestic pet animals at the wholesale
level must be licensed by APHIS/REAC. There are two
classes of licensees. The A class licensees are breeders
that deal only in animals that they breed and raise. The
B class licensees include brokers, bunchers, and operators
of auction sales. The number of licensed dealers for FY
1991-93 is listed in the next tabulation. The number of
dealer inspections for the same period is shown on
chart 8, The per-year inspection rate for FY 1993 is 2.10,
compared to 2.16 for FY 1992. (The slight decrease in the
inspection rate is most likely due to the increased
emphasis on special investigations of alleged violators in
FY 1993. These investigations take a considerable amount
of the inspectors’ time and, therefore, decrease the
number of routine inspections possible.) Prelicensing
inspections are excluded from this total because they are
not compliance inspections. The total of prelicensing
inspections for dealers in FY 1993 was 1,568.

Chart 8

Licensed Dealers, FY 1991-93

FY Total

Class A

Class B

1993 4,154
1992 4,324
1991 4,400

3,042
3,334

. 3,496

1,112

Licensed Dealers
FY 1991-93

10,000

I 1991
Hl 1992
8,000 4] 2) 1993

6,000

“io 4926 4,154

of

‘Numbers from WEBS reports

9,397
8,718

Number of facilities Number of inspections,
including reinspections

11


Liaison With Other Federal Agencies

APHIS/REAC represents USDA on the Interagency
Research Animal Committee, whose members come from
Federal agencies involved in the care and use of animals
in biomedical research. This committee is responsible for
interagency coordination of animal care and use concerns
and for making contributions to policy development. It
also serves as a forum for information exchange and
regulation development.

REAC works closely with the Animal Welfare Information
Center (AWIC), a part of the National Agricultural Library.
In FY 1993, several training sessions on alternative
methods of research were presented by REAC staff
personnel at AWIC training sessions. AWIC was congres-
sionally mandated in the 1985 Improved Standards for
Laboratory Animals Act. AWIC’s mission is to provide
information on (1) methods of humane animal care and
use; (2) alternatives to the use of live animals in research;
(3) possible duplications of research involving animals;
(4) materials for the training of personnel; and (5) other
topics that support the administration and regulatory
requirements of the AWA. AWIC’s work has evolved into
a broad spectrum of activities including responses to
reference requests, preparation of publications on current
topics related to animal welfare, publication of a news-
letter focused on issues of the regulated community
(with a distribution of about 5,400), and conducting
workshops on how to address the informational require-
ments of the AWA. AWIC conducts a significant outreach
program to inform the public about the resources
available upon request. Center personnel give presenta-
tions and workshops at various professional society
conferences and at the National Institutes of Health's
Office for Protection from Research Risks. AWIC also
prepares articles for professional journals, presents
exhibits at subject-related meetings, and participates in
organizing animal research related conferences. In FY
1993, AWIC staff responded to about 3,000 requests for
information and publications. In all, about 56,000
publications, newsletters and promotional items were
distributed, and AWIC workshops and presentations
were provided to more than 1,000 people.

APHIS/REAC also maintains close working relationships
with the following Federal agencies regarding regulation
and enforcement of the AWA: the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services’ National Institutes of Health
and Food and Drug Administration, the Department of
Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Marine
Mammal Commission, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s
National Marine Fisheries Service, and the U.S. Depart-
ment of the Interior’s Fish and Wildlife Service.

14

Other Activities

Animal welfare regulations governing captive marine
mammals are undergoing review and revision. An
Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking was published
in August 1993. A liaison committee from REAC, the
National Marine Fisheries Service, the Fish and Wildlife
Service, and the Marine Mammal Commission was formed
to evaluate the comments elicited by this Advanced
Notice and to monitor the rulemaking process.

APHIS’ Animal Care personnel actively participate in
organizations concerned with the humane care of
animals. REAC maintains an active role in the AAZPA,
the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science,
International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine,
the Alliance for Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums,
the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory
Animal Care, and the Society of Marine Mammalogy.
REAC is also represented in the United States Animal
Health Association and has members on both its animal
welfare and zoological committees. REAC Animal Care
personnel from headquarters and the field are often
invited by Federal agencies and nongovernmental
organizations to give presentations concerning animal
welfare.

A paper entitled “Zoo Animal Welfare,” submitted during
FY 1993 to the Office International des Epizooties (OIE)
by APHIS’ Animal Care staff, was published in OIE’s
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 13(1), March 1994.

During FY 1993, REAC continued working with member
institutions of the AAZPA toward the successful comple-
tion of the first Exhibition Animal Intern Program.

A joint project between USDA, the Federal Aviation
Administration, and the carrier industry continued a study
begun in 1992 to measure and evaluate physical condi-
tions within the cargo holds of commercial aircraft
transporting regulated animals. When completed, this
study will make available more information on monitoring
ventilation, humidity, and temperature aboard aircraft to
benefit the well-being of animals transported in cargo
holds.

In FY 1993, REAC personnel worked closely with
representatives from several regulated entities to develop a
new Research Intern Program. During FY 1994, selected
interns will undertake 6 weeks of instruction at cooper-
ating facilities, augmenting their knowledge of research
and improving their inspection abilities. Participants will
subsquently use their newly acquired knowledge and
skills to train other inspectors.