carriers and shippers. Carriers must
have facilities and personnel
adequate to handle animals. They
also must comply with Federal
shipping requirements and refuse to
accept shipments of live animals in
substandard containers.

To ensure compliance by licensed and
registered shippers, inspectors
examine the health aad condition of
animals as they pass through the
airport facilities. For animals in
transit, inspectors monitor the size,
construction, temperature, and venti-
lation of the container; feeding and
watering of the animals; the length
of time animals spend in transit; and
health care for the animals.

APHIS has received help from humane
associations, shippers, and others
in enforcing transportation
standards. Also, a strong working
relationship was developed with the
Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), which
forwarded relevant complaints to
APHIS.

During the year 2,523 airport
inspections and 351 inspections of
intermediate handlers were made.
One charge against an airline was
resolved.

Research funded by APHIS on ventila-
tion and temperature needs of animals
in transit ended at the veterinary
college of Kansas State University.
Studies on effects of transporting
dogs at low temperatures continue at
a Federal Aviation Administration
unit in Oklahoma.

2. Federal Health Certificates

A 1976 amendment to the Act requires
a health certificate for any dog,
cat, or nonhuman primate being
transported. Because the type of
certificate was not specified, the
use of different types has created
confusion and the possibility of
fraud. A new "United States
Interstate and International Health
Certificate” designed by APHIS has
been evaluated in the field and is

currently being printed for
distribution. It will be serially
numbered for improved control.

3. Investigation of Public Complaints

During the year, APHIS officials
continued to put a high priority on
investigating public complaints
involving inhumane treatment of
animals. To help resolve these
public complaints, inspectors made
719 inspections (Appendix, Table 5).

4. Prelicensing Inspections

In 1984, APHIS representatives made
1,070 prelicensing inspections of
facilities requesting licenses to
ensure that facility housing,
equipment, and veterinary care
programs meet Federal standards.

5. Compliance Inspections

Unannounced inspections are conducted
at business sites for all licensees
and registrants of the more than
8,000 businesses that keep regulated
animals. Inspectors concentrate on
facilities with a history of
deficiencies or ones that are
suspected of operating illegally
without a USDA license or registra-
tion. If inspectors find that USDA
regulations and standards are not
met, they record deficiencies on an
inspection form, leaving a copy with
the licensee or registrant involved.

Deficiencies are categorized as
"major" or “minor.” A health or
safety hazard to animals constitutes
a major deficiency. Deadlines are
set for correction of deficiencies;
inspectors make a special effort to
ensure that deficiencies are
corrected within the deadlines.

To further ensure compliance with the
regulations, inspection reports were
reviewed for accuracy and "redflag”
items or indications of perfunctory
inspections. The regional animal
care specialist assured higher
quality inspections by accompanying




Table 2.--Animals used in experimentation, fiscal year 1984

T Number of T Number of animals
State | reporting T T T T TGuinea | T Twiid
| facilities | Total | Dogs | Cats | Primates | pigs [Hamsters | Rabbits | animals

U.S. Total 1,108 2,074,133 201,936 56,910 55,338 561,184 437,123 529,101 232,541

Alabama un 13,792 3,319 700 538 417 4,972 3,264 582
Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CY) 0
Arizona 9 7,248 770 380 338 821 1,229 3,507 203
Arkansas 2 1,545 366 67 2 350 35 721 4
California 94 172,727 8,530 4,245 2,986 += 25,505 47,886 63,297 20,278
Colorado 20 49,632 9,824 2,325 219 9,391 19,100 6,216 2,557
Connecticut qn 17,220 1,653 374 246 7,284 1,698 5,858 107
Delaware 5 19,054 858 0 108 9,860 5,760 1,771 697
Florida 24 18,729 2,965 1,278 893 2,736 1,239 9,017 601
Georgia 12 50,899 3,283 1,476 283 1,903 23,654 18,001 2,299
Hawaii 2 3,349 20 232 120 418 1,890 665 4
Idaho 4 547 35 0 0 117 ) 150 245
Illinois 53 92,164 11,504 2,073 1,624 22,231 7,793 37,438 9,501
Indiana 16 47,179 8,059 3,105 326 18,422 2,331 8,678 6,258
Towa 10 22,263 3,587 1,223 176 4,415 4,935 7,484 443
Kansas 16 52,211 1,044 400 41 10,519 32,940 5,438 1,829
Kentucky 5 5,470 1,075 662 3 1,214 806 1,328 382
Louisiana 10 11,986 1,827 605 3,379 957 1,002 2,813 1,403
Maine 8 958 0 3 0 40 354 391 170
Maryland 18 29,012 2,513 329 687 3,634 8,560 10,700 2,589
Massachusetts 61 69,745 5,448 1,236 953 8,654 21,462 23,837 8,155
Michigan 35 90,207 11,352 2,113 2,503 32,869 12,997 24,730 3,643
Minnesota 15 26,266 5,793 1,204 130 8,983 1,459 7,028 1,669
Mississippi 3 2,710 135 14 64 n7 845 748 187
Missouri 23 75,102 10,671 3,320 «1,936 ~=—18,050 16,905 17,925 6,295
Montana 3 1,650 0) 19 104 998 5 124 400
Nebraska 6 8,518 736 145 28 684 2,862 2,727 1,336
Nevada 1 1,277 180 2 0 755, 24 155 161
New Hampshire 3 2,358 117 337 0 ll 609 678 606
New Jersey 54 168,662 14,199 1,834 «3,281 68,808 22,722 $2,135 5,683
New Mexico 8 8,676 1,422 197 1,160 973° -1,221 433 3,270
New York 91 145,763 12,964 4,786 = 3,747 = 72,371 -15,778 31,069 5,048
North Carolina 15 33,833 5,993 2,371 2,030 7,750 1,497 10,653 3,539
North Dakota 2 764 199 57 0 173 5 313 v7
Ohio 58 72,452 9,767 2,251 816 30,477 «4,722 -18,229 6,190
Oklahoma 1 4,212 1,163 346 201 270 43 1,366 822
Oregon 13 7,640 859 356 2,275 1,519 918 1,437 276
Pennsylvania 74 139,828 10,800 4,239 «2,425 41,085 43,539 34,978 2,762
Rhode Island 7 1,588 221 574 94 108 40 475 76
South Carolina 4 3,903 1,101 334 4 260 755 1,204 245
South Dakota 2 1,234 56 3 C) 121,111 52 0
Tennessee 10 32,320 4,083 604 389 5,329 13,433 6,116 2,366
Texas 58 83,133 11,588 2,326 «4,269 «12,591 19,501 29,152 3,706
Utah 7 14,021 1,146 462 4 6,024 743 4,991 651
Vermont 4 4,158 72 61 0 308 675 2,619 423
Virginia a7 31,518 4,212 1,239 2,967 10,7721, 643 6,297 4,388
Washington 15 35,417 3,300 442 1,417 632 4,579 3,468 21,579
West Virginia 4 2,585 317 78 20 1,350 0 624 196
Wisconsin 15 34,701 3,350 1,048 += 1,638 5,745 11,561 8,421 2,938
Wyoming 3 719 14 20 0 90 412 37 146
Puerto Rico 8 4,254 406 152,842 32 220 669 70
District of

Columbia 7 1,900 559 131 17 98 341 468 286
Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Federal

Agencies 141 347,035 18,481 5,269 «8,055 102,452 68,312 49,206 95,260


be included in the "history of
violation” for future prosecutions.

In FY 1984, APHIS closed 61 cases
with letters of warning stating that
recipients must improve their
handling of animals or face
prosecution (Appendix, Table 6).

Also, 14 notices were issued to air-
lines informing them of instances in
which airline personnel handled
animals improperly. These minor
violations, which generally are
cumulative, remain as open cases for
later prosecution if cited infrac-
tions continue.

Public Information
In FY 1984, APHIS issued 63 press
releases on the animal welfare
program. In early July, the Agency
adopted a new reporting concept that
focused on the outcome of charges
brought against individuals and
businesses failing to comply with all
Federal animal and plant health laws
and regulations. Unless the circum-
stances are unusual, only a summary
of APHIS compliance activity--
including animal welfare--is issued
on a monthly basis. The first APHIS
monthly compliance summary was issued
August 13, 1984.

1. Distributing Information

Press releases are mailed nationally
to humane societies and trade
magazines and locally to newspapers
and television and radio stations in
the localities where violations
occur. In addition, staff officers,
field officials, and information

specialists cooperate in bringing
talks, exhibits, and informative
materials to conventions and exhibi-
tions sponsored by industry and
humane associations.

2. Public Correspondence

APHIS receives inquiries about animal
welfare directly from concerned
groups or individual citizens or
indirectly through referrals from the
President, from Members of Congress,
and from other departments of
Government. This year APHIS
responded to 618 inquiries in
addition to requests filled by
sending documents, lists,
regulations, and procedures.

3. Freedom of Information Requests

Regulated persons and humane groups
use the Freedom of Information Act
to obtain documents involving animal
welfare. In 1984, APHIS received 252
requests resulting in the release of
19,729 documents--mainly copies of
forms, records, inspection reports,
and forms used to apply for licenses
or registrations. This was a 75-
percent increase in requests and a
223-percent increase in released
documents over FY 1983. Humane
societies accounted for 125 of the
requests.

Legislative Recommendations

The Department is continuing to
analyze concerns related to enforcing
the AWA. At this point, no sugges-
tions for amending the Act are
contemplated.


Table 6.--Number of cases closed, fiscal year 1984)

T

1
State

l

Total
closed

T
| By |
| Prosecution |

Cases closed
without prejudice*

T
|
!
i

Warning
issued

Information
Letters

U.S. Total

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia

Hawail
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Towa

Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri

Montana
Nebraska
Nevada

New Hampshire
New Jersey

New Mexico
New York

North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio

Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina

South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

Puerto Rico
District of
Columbia
Virgin Islands

145

Rroow

0
0

COLCo Hoare LwokGo ceoorn weoout Horoyw arwoo

ouron

OOH CO CONDH NOLCND NOGOH BOoKvw GOo0uU HOOD CHOCO RNOOH

ooooo

25

C005 C0000 coHoe HOHKWO WOooeGe NOOHN GOOCH GOoHFoD NOOOHK HOOoO

N

oo

*Includes cases for which further action is not warranted.

61

ONCOO CONDO HOUHY CONBO FOOHH HOOND DOKOH wWOBMaGD HO000 wBO000

°

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14

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13


United States
Department of
Agriculture

Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection
Service

Animal Welfare
Enforcement
Fiscal Year 1984

Report of the Secretary of Agriculture to
the President of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives


Table 4.--Animals to vhich pain relieving drugs were administered to avoid pain or distress, fiscal year 1984

T Number of | Number of animals
State | reporting T T T T Guinea | T T Wild
| facilities | Total | Dogs | Cats | Primates | pigs |Hameters | Rabbits | animale

U.S. Total 792 665,543 139,947 41,927 20,561 123,475 128,515 173,263 37,855
Alabama 10 8,971 3,191 554 124 277 2,808 1,725 292
Alaska ° 0 0 0 0 0) 0 0 0
Arizona 7 3,237 668 370 83 408 725 | 922 61
Arkansas 2 1,092 364 67 2 350 35 274 0)
California 61 74,169 6,922 3,321 905 4,679 31,316 21,745 5,281
Colorado 13 10,799 5,570 1,453 28 978 486 1,656 628
Connecticut 10 7,448 1,447 aul 158 3,334 1,132 1,010 56
Delaware 4 6,718 79 0 30 5,994 30 535 50
Florida 15 8,380 2,756 1,105 218 80 370 3,680 a7.
Georgia 9 40,951 2,345 1,228 128 1,604 18,115 16,888 643
Hawaii 2 240 0 2 55 0 O) 183 0
:daho 2 302 31 ) 0) 34 ) 88 149
illinois 35 27,048 7,565 1,071 824 5,641 2,623 5,743 3,581
indiana 10 15,404 5,939 3,045 93° 4,057 1,195 845, 230
lowa 7 9,958 3,371 752 133 2,054 730 2,719 199
Kansas 12 4,652 662 169 18 360 2,350 1,043 50
Kentucky 4 2,964 996 606 3 497 295 227 340
Louisiana 5 5,009 1,611 435 552 119 646 718 928
Maine 6 602 0 3 0 34 354 211 0
Maryland 12 13,635 2,138 294 469 1,702 1,986 6,788 258
Massachusetts 43 28,727 4,378 = 1,033 735 3,850 7,053 10,439 1,239
Michigan 25 22,224 6,425 1,769 487 9,312 704 3,348 179
Minnesota 10 17,009 5,348 1,163 55 6,052 888 2,070 1,433
Mississippi 2 1,392 114 10 64 300 183 716 5
Missouri 17 15,792 7,040 631 180 375 1,735 4,627 1,204
Montana 2 102 0 19 0 0 0) 0) 83
Nebraska 3 2,982 420 122 28 270 1,582 423 137
Nevada 1 240 180 0 0 0 0 60 0
New Hampshire 2 471 11s 336 ) 0) ° 4 16
New Jersey 35 38,387 5,066 1,027 732 23,209 3,559 3,723, 1,071
New Mexico 5 1,133 532 197 52 141 62 84 65
New York 68 37,668 6,509 3,710 797 10,255 5,567 8,278 = 2,552
North Carolina 10 11,927 4,639 1,212 220 533 175 3,350 1,798
North Dakota 1 393 130 33 0 6 0 210 14
Ohio 45 23,733 7,529 1,729 269 4,130 =—-1,500 7,948 628
Oklahoma 9 2,704 1,065 297 89 158 43 766 286
Oregon 8 4,304 334 276 825 1,389 567 881 32
Pennsylvania 51 31,894 5,752 2,646 1,058 += 9,287 3,739 7,833 1,579
Rhode Island 5 1,219 187 552 8 108 40 324 0)
South Carolina 4 2,255 1,027 329 1 149 398 138 213
South Dakota 2 1,183 56 3 0 o 1,111 13 °
Tennessee 6 7,693 3,155 318 64 912 1,271 1,795 178
Texas 38 36,072 8,939 1,968 2,189 2,514 6,096 13,187 1,179
Ucah 6 3,923 1,123 459 0 0 12 2,184 145
Vermont 3 3,754 59 60 0 300 605 2,439 291
Virginia n 11,092 2,514 1,052 1,042, 1,206 ~—-1,561 2,748 969
Washington 10 10,416 2,471 344 840 321 4,297 2,115 28
West Virginia 3 799 215 22 0 360 ) 178 24
Wisconsin 12 7,055 1,731 679 508 793 389 2,607 348
Wyoming 2 241 7 2 0 ° 232 ° 0
Puerto Rico 4 2,460 386 12 2,002 20 20 0 20
District of

Columbia 5 1,021 502 123 0 8 0 175 213
Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 Oo) 0 0 0)
Federal

Agencies 118 93,699 16,344 = 5,008 += 4,493«15,315 19,930 23,600 9,009


remain valid until terminated volun-
tarily by the licensee, revoked or
suspended by the USDA, or terminated
automatically if not renewed when
the annual fee is due.

The fee is determined by two
graduated schedules, one for dealers
and another for exhibitors. Dealers
(including operators of auction
sales) pay between $5 and $500;
exhibitors, between $5 and $100.
Collections are deposited in the
U.S. Treasury as "miscellaneous
receipts.” During FY 1984,

$143,086 in fees was collected

from 4,659 license holders.

Research facilities, carriers, and
intermediate handlers are required to
register with the USDA, but no fee is
required. Certain exhibitors can
register rather than become licensed.
Registrations continue in effect
until facilities are disbanded or
merged with those of another regis~
trant. In FY 1984, there were

1,267 registrants.

1. Licensed Dealers

Licensed dealers include breeders,
wholesale pet dealers, operators of
auction sales, suppliers of labora-
tory animals, traders and importers
of wild animals, and animal brokers.
In FY 1984, there were 3,365 licensed
dealers; 488 of these were new
licensees (Appendix, Table 1).

Licenses for 603 dealers were surren-
dered to or canceled by APHIS. The
licenses of six dealers were sus-
pended through administrative pro-
cedures after APHIS inspectors

found serious violations.

2. Carriers and Intermediate Handlers

Most registered carriers are
airlines, although railroads, motor
carriers, and shipping lines also
qualify. Intermediate handlers are
agents taking custody of animals in
connection with their transportation
in commerce. Most are kennels that
offer airport pickup and delivery
service for pets.

In FY 1984, 130 carriers and 228
intermediate handlers were registered
(Appendix, Table 1); 11 carriers and
17 intermediate handlers were new
registrants; 5 carriers and 12
intermediate handlers voluntarily
terminated their registrations.

3. Animal Exhibitors

Licensed exhibitors operate animal
acts, carnivals, circuses, public
zoos, roadside zoos, and marine
mammal exhibits. Most of the animals
exhibited are wild or exotic species,
such as lions, tigers, bears, and
elephants. More docile species,

such as sheep and goats, are stocked
at children's zoos and petting zoos.

During FY 1984, there were 1,294
licensed exhibitors and 83 registered
exhibitors (Appendix, Table 1).
Also, 110 exhibitors voluntarily
terminated their licenses, and 18
voluntarily terminated their
registrations.

Self-regulation, especially among
public zoos, is being strengthened.
By December 31, 1985, the American
Association of Zoological Parks and
Aquariums will require all members to
comply with standards that exceed
Federal requirements.

4. Research Facilities

Almost all registered research
facilities are State-owned or
privately owned clinics, hospitals,
laboratories, universities, colleges,
drug firms, cosmetic testing firms,
or diagnostic laboratories. Exempt
from registration as research
facilities are elementary and
secondary schools, institutions using
only exempt species of live animals,
and Federal agencies.

At the end of FY 1984, there were
1,184 active research facilities,
including 60 new registrations
(Appendix, Table 1).

Registrations for 42 research
facilities were terminated during the


REPORT OF 1984 ACTIVITIES

The Secretary of Agriculture annually
reports on enforcement and administra-—
tion of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
(7 U.S.C. 2131, et seq-), as required
by section 25 of the Act. This
section states: “This report as well
as any supporting documents, data,

or findings shall not be released to
any other persons, non-Federal
agencies, or organizations unless and
until it has been made public by an
appropriate committee of the Senate
or the House of Representatives.”

The present report covers Fiscal Year
(FY) 1984, which began October 1,
1983, and ended September 30, 1984.

Summary

Compliance inspections to enforce the
AWA during FY 1984 were made at an
average rate of 2.6 times per year at
5,926 licensed or registered
facilities. When these inspections
disclosed deficiencies, USDA
inspectors counseled the owners on
the corrections necessary to bring
their facilities into compliance

and forwarded reports of their
inspections for appropriate action.

Legal action was taken against
flagrant and chronic offenders.
Ninety new cases of apparent viola-
tions were forwarded for prosecution
after thorough investigation. Forty
five cases were resolved through
administrative procedures. This
resulted in monetary penalties,
license suspensions or revocations,
cease-and-desist orders, or a
combination of these. Another 61
minor violations were resolved
through letters of warning that
included a specific deadline for
compliance.

Reports were submitted by 967 active
registered research facilities and
141 Federal research facilities.
These reports show that 62 percent of
- federally protected laboratory
animals were not exposed to painful
or distressing procedures. Another

32 percent received appropriate pain
relief. In 6 percent, pain relief
was not provided because it would
have interfered with test results.
Researchers were required to include
in their reports an explanation
describing the human and animal
benefits received from these
experiments.

Legislation

Animal welfare legislation, as first
enacted in 1966 (Public Law 89-544),
regulated trade in dogs and cats

procured for laboratory research, as
well as dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea
pigs, rabbits, and nonhuman primates
held by certain research facilities.

Amendments in 1970 broadened coverage
to most other warmblooded animals,
including those used in research,
exhibition, and the wholesale pet
trade. An amendment in 1976 (Public
Law 94-279) extended coverage
further, notably over live-animal
transportation.

Funding for animal welfare enforce-
ment for FY 1984 was $4.88 million.

Regulations

Administration and enforcement of the
AWA is assigned to the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA).

The Act directs the USDA to develop
regulations assuring humane care and
treatment of animals. These
regulations include minimum standards
for handling, housing, feeding, and
watering animals; for sheltering them
from extremes of weather and tempera~
ture; and for separating incompatible
animals. Standards for sanitation,
ventilation, veterinary care, and
transportation are also included

in the regulations.

Birds, laboratory rats and mice,
horses not used for research, and
other farm animals are exempt from
regulation.

Changes proposed in 1983 to the
marine mammal standards were


CONTENTS

Summary (1)
Legislation (1)
Regulations (1)
Organization for Implementation
of the Act (2)
Field Enforcement (2)
Staff Support (2)
Training (2)
Licensing and Registration (2)
Licensed Dealers (3)
Carriers and Intermediate Handlers (3)
Animal Exhibitors (3)
Research Facilities (3)
Reports from Research Facilities (4)
Inspections and Investigations (4)
Inspections of Animals in Transit (4)
Federal Health Certificates (5)
Investigation of Public Complaints (5)
Prelicensing Inspections (5)
Compliance Inspections (5)
Reviews (6)
Apparent Violations (6)
Summary Actions (6)
Legal Action (6)
Letters of Warning (6)
Public Information (7)
Distributing Information (7)
Public Correspondence (7)
Freedom of Information Requests (7)
Legislative Recommendations (7)

May 1985

Appendix

Table 1. Number of active licensees and
registrants (8)

Table 2. Animals used in experimenta—
tion (9)

Table 3. Animals experiencing pain or
distress (drugs omitted
because they would interfere
with the purpose of research or
testing) (10)

Table 4. Animals to which pain-relieving
drugs were administered to
avoid pain or distress (11)

Table 5. Number of inspections (12)

Table 6. Number of cases closed (13)

Separates (Lists)

Licensed Dealers

Registered Research Facilities

Licensed Exhibitors

Registered Exhibitors

Registered Carriers and
Intermediate Handlers