Proposed Specifications for 

Implementation of Fifth Power Plan 

Model Conservation Standards for 

New Commercial Buildings

October 13, 2006 
Overview 

The Northwest Power and Conservation Council seeks comment on the attached 

specifications that it proposes to use to implement the Model Conservation Standards for new 

commercial buildings adopted in the Fifth Northwest Electric Power and Conservation Plan. 

Description. The proposed specifications are a compilation of the best provisions of energy 

codes from ASHRAE1 Standard 90.1-2001 and the existing codes adopted by states or local 

jurisdictions in the Pacific Northwest. These provisions are designed to capture the most 

stringent energy provisions for each component of the code and reflect geographic and 

climatic differences within the region, other appropriate considerations, and are designed to 

produce power savings that are cost-effective for the region and economically feasible for 

consumers taking into account financial assistance made available from Bonneville. 

Development of the Specifications. Input into the development of these specifications was 

provided by a technical working group in an effort to provide a consensus approach to 

determining the best elements of existing energy codes. To develop this standard, a 

contractor, Ecotope, reviewed the most widely enforced regional codes to develop a 

composite document that includes the best standard for each component. The codes consulted 

including the Washington and Oregon state energy codes, the Seattle Energy Code, the 

International Energy and Conservation Code adopted in the states of Idaho and Montana and 

the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2001. 

The contractor and the technical working group considered several factors in determining 

which provisions from ASHRAE and the codes of the Northwest states to select for the 

specifications. The recommendations and alterations agreed to by the technical working 

group have been included in the specifications. The measure of cost-effective savings in 

commercial buildings was the most important factor for inclusion. Both efficiency level and 

breadth of scope were considered. But for some elements of the specifications, the clarity of 

the language or ease of implementation was favored over energy savings. ASHRAE was 

used for equipment efficiency levels that fall under federal jurisdiction. In addition, some 

ASHRAE provisions have been adopted by the states and therefore appear in the 

specifications. 

The improvements made by compiling this set of specifications are significant but modest. 

About one-third of the provisions evaluated are identical among the states so there is no 

effective change in efficiency levels between existing state standards and the composite 

model standard. In the lighting provisions, compiling the most stringent lighting power 

density requirements from existing codes results in modest (5 to 30 percent) reductions of 

maximum allowed connected lighting power for some occupancy categories in some 

jurisdictions. But for the most common occupancy categories, differences are zero or 

relatively small. Perhaps more importantly, the number of occupancy categories in the 

 

1 ASHRAE is the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 
lighting tables is reduced thus simplifying the specifications. For mechanical provisions the 

compilation of the best provisions results in changes that primarily extend the scope of 

existing efficiency or control provisions to more systems or buildings. The same is true for 

lighting controls provisions. With regard to envelope insulation levels, Washington 

standards are generally the most stringent and form the bulk of the specifications. For 

glazing the Oregon and Seattle standards prevail. For the performance path, Washington’s 

standard with Seattle amendments is the model provision. In addition, the many different 

climate zone definitions used in ASHRAE, IECC and the state codes were simplified to a 

two-zone system. 

The accompanying document, Summary of Components of the “Best of the Region” Standard 

for New Non-Residential Buildings, summarizes the MCS specifications for new commercial 

buildings and identifies the source code for each. The specifications are in the format of the 

International Energy and Conservation Code (IECC) including the same chapter and section 

numbers, organization, and much of the same administrative language. Thus, the core of the 

specifications appears in Chapter 8. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 are included because they contain 

definitions relied on in Chapter 8. Because the IECC format was used, some of the 

definitions in Chapters 1, 2, and 3 refer to residential buildings. 

 

Cost-Effectiveness and Economic Feasibility. The Council believes that the compiled 

provisions meet the cost-effectiveness and economic feasibility standards set forth in the in 

the Regional Act2

. With regard to cost-effectiveness to the power system, the substantive 

provisions in the attached specifications form the baseline against which energy efficiency 

opportunities in the Fifth Northwest Electric Power and Conservation Plan are compared. In 

the power plan, the Council analyzes many measures beyond the most stringent of the 

existing codes and finds them cost-effective to the power system. Since measures beyond the 

baseline are cost-effective to the power system, the Council believes measures less efficient 

are cost-effective as well. For example, the power plan finds that lighting power densities 10 

to 15 percent lower than those in the specifications are cost-effective to the power system. 

With regard to economic feasibility to the consumer, the Council believes existing code 

provisions easily meet the Council’s test of economic feasibility to the consumer. Energy 

codes represent the minimum efficiency level that it is legal to build. Due to the nature of the 

adoption processes in the states; energy codes represent minimum levels of efficiency that 

are perceived as practicable. The stringency and practicability of codes for commercial 

buildings are largely determined by professional consensus among practitioners participating 

in local code adoption processes. While states differ on whether and how they apply 

economic feasibility tests to the codes they adopt, the Council maintains that any economic 

feasibility test applied by the states directly or implicitly is more difficult to meet than that 

the life-cycle-cost methodology that the Council uses. Detailed life-cycle-cost analyses of 

the economic feasibility of these specifications, which are derived from codes already in 

place in the states, would be expensive and not informative. 

 

2 The Act requires that the Council’s Model Conservation Standards be cost-effective to the power system and economically 

feasible for consumers taking into account any financial assistance made available through Bonneville and the region’s utilities. 

The Council’s test for cost-effectiveness to the power system is explained in the Fifth Northwest Electric Power and 

Conservation Plan, Appendix E. The Council’s test for economic feasibility has historically been based on a life-cycle cost of

owning and operating a building or a home. 
Comments: The Council seeks comment on these specifications. In particular, the Council 

is interested in whether the provisions selected represent the most efficient provisions with 

clear language that can be implemented through the building and code compliance processes. 

Please submit comments by close of business November 7, 2006 to: 

Charlie Grist 

Senior Analyst 

Northwest Power and Conservation Council 

851 SW Sixth Avenue 

Suite 1100 

Portland, OR 97204-1348 

(503) 222-5161 

cgrist@nwcouncil.org 
Chapter 1, Page 1

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT 

SECTION 101 

SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 

101.1 Title. This standard shall be known as the Best 

of the Region Energy Standards, and shall be cited 

as such or as Northwest Baseline Standard. It is 

referred to herein as "this standard." 

101.2 Scope. This standard applies to residential and 

commercial buildings. 

Exception: Existing buildings undergoing repair, 

or change of occupancy except as noted in 

section 101.4.3. This standard applies to 

buildings undergoing substantial remodeling or 

rehabilitation that would be regulated under the 

provisions for new buildings in an existing energy 

code in accordance with Section 101.4.2.

101.3 Intent. This standard shall provide guidance 

for the design and construction of buildings for the 

effective use of energy. This standard is intended to 

provide flexibility to permit the use of innovative 

approaches and techniques to achieve the effective 

use of energy. This standard is not intended to 

abridge safety, health or environmental requirements 

contained in other applicable standards, codes or 

ordinances. 

101.4 Applicability. 

101.4.1 Historic buildings. For any building or 

structure that is listed in the State or National 

Register of Historic Places; designated as a historic 

property under local or state designation law or 

survey; certified as a contributing resource with a 

National Register listed or locally designated historic 

district; or with an opinion or certification that the 

property is eligible to be listed on the National or 

State Registers of Historic Places either individually 

or as a contributing building to a historic district by 

the State Historic Preservation Officer or the Keeper 

of the National Register of Historic Places, the 

specific requirements of this standard may be 

modified for historic buildings and require in lieu 

thereof alternate requirements which will result in a 

comparable degree of energy efficiency. 

101.4.2 Additions, alterations, renovations or 

repairs. Additions, alterations, renovations or repairs 

to an existing building, building system or portion 

thereof will be considered to conform to the 

provisions of this standard as they relate to new 

construction without requiring the unaltered portion(s) 

of the existing building or building system to comply 

with this standard. 

Exceptions: The following need not comply 

provided the energy use of the building is not 

increased. 

1. Storm windows installed over existing 

fenestration. 

2. Glass only replacements in an existing 

sash and frame. 

3. Existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities 

exposed during construction provided 

that these cavities are filled with 

insulation. 

4. Construction where the existing roof, wall 

or floor cavity is not exposed. 

101.4.3 Change in occupancy. This standard shall 

be applicable to buildings undergoing a change in 

occupancy that would result in an increase in 

demand for either fossil fuel or electrical energy. 

101.4.4 Mixed occupancy. Where a building 

includes both residential and commercial 

occupancies, each occupancy shall be separately 

considered and meet the applicable provisions of 

Chapters 4 and 5 for residential and Chapter 8 for 

commercial. 

101.5 Compliance. Residential buildings shall meet 

the provisions of Chapter 4. Commercial buildings 

shall meet the provisions of Chapter 8. 

101.5.1 Compliance materials. Compliance with this 

standard shall be documented using computer 

software, worksheets, compliance manuals and other 

similar materials that meet the intent of this standard. 

The plans and specifications shall show in sufficient 

detail all pertinent data and features of the building 

and the equipment and systems. 

101.5.2 Unconditioned buildings. Unconditioned 

buildings are defined as those that do not contain 

conditioned space, or unconditioned spaces, 

separated from the remainder of the building by 

building thermal envelope assemblies complying with 

this standard. Unconditioned buildings and spaces 

shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope 

provisions of this standard. 
Chapter 1, Page 2

SECTION 102 

MATERIALS, SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 

102.1 Identification. Materials, systems and 

equipment shall be identified in a manner that will 

allow a determination of compliance with the 

applicable provisions of this standard. 

102.1.1 Building thermal envelope insulation. An 

R-value identification mark shall be applied by the 

manufacturer to each piece of building thermal 

envelope insulation 12 inches (305 mm) or greater in 

width. Alternately, the insulation installers shall 

provide a certification listing the type, manufacturer 

and R-value of insulation installed in each element of 

the building thermal envelope. For blown or sprayed 

insulation (fiberglass and cellulose), the initial 

installed thickness, settled thickness, settled R-value, 

installed density, coverage area and number of bags 

installed shall be listed on the certification. For 

sprayed polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation, the 

installed thickness, the areas covered and R-value of 

the installed thickness shall be listed on the 

certification. The insulation installer shall sign, date 

and post the certification in a conspicuous location on 

the job site. 

102.1.1.1 (Supp) Blown or sprayed roof/ceiling 

insulation. The thickness of blown in or sprayed 

roof/ceiling insulation (fiberglass or cellulose) shall be 

written in inches (mm) on markers that are installed 

at least one for every 300 ft

2

 (28 m

2

) throughout the 

attic space. The markers shall be affixed to the 

trusses or joists and marked with the minimum initial 

installed thickness with numbers a minimum of 1 inch 

(25 mm) in height. Each marker shall face the attic 

access opening. Spray polyurethane foam thickness 

and installed R-value shall be listed on certification 

provided by the insulation installer. 

102.1.2 Insulation mark installation. Insulating 

materials shall be installed such that the 

manufacturer's R-value mark is readily observable. 

102.1.3 Fenestration product rating. U-factors of 

fenestration products (windows, doors and skylights) 

shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 100 by 

an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled 

and certified by the manufacturer. 

102.2 Installation. All materials, systems and 

equipment shall be installed in accordance with the 

manufacturer's installation instructions and the locally 

enforced energy code. 

102.2.1 Protection of exposed foundation 

insulation. Insulation applied to the exterior of 

basement walls, crawlspace walls and the perimeter 

of slab-on-grade floors shall have a rigid, opaque and 

weather-resistant protective covering to prevent the 

degradation of the insulation's thermal performance. 

The protective covering shall cover the exposed 

exterior insulation and extend a minimum of 6 inches 

(153 mm) below grade. 

102.3 Maintenance information. Maintenance 

instructions shall be furnished for equipment and 

systems that require preventive maintenance. 

Required regular maintenance actions shall be 

clearly stated and incorporated on a readily 

accessible label. The label shall include the title or 

publication number for the operation and 

maintenance manual for that particular model and 

type of product. 

102.4 Default building component performance 

values. Values in shown in Chapter 5 may be used 

to assess performance of building components. The 

applicability of these values to the building and 

construction details proposed shall be in accordance 

with local energy code guidelines. 

SECTION 103 

ALTERNATE MATERIALS METHOD OF 

CONSTRUCTION, DESIGN OR INSULATING 

SYSTEMS 

103.1 General. This standard is not intended to 

prevent the use of any material, method of 

construction, design or insulating system not 

specifically prescribed herein, provided that such 

construction, design or insulating system meets the 

intent of this standard, defined as any such alternate 

provided it meets or exceeds the provisions of this 

standard and that the material, method, design or 

work offered is for the purpose intended, at least the 

equivalent of that prescribed in this standard in 

quality, strength, effectiveness, fire-resistance, 

durability, safety and the efficient use and 

conservation of energy. 

SECTION 104 

REFERENCED STANDARDS 

104.1 General. The standards, and portions thereof, 

referred to in this standard and listed in Chapter 5 

shall be considered part of the requirements of this 

standard to the extent of such reference. 

104.2 Conflicting requirements. The provisions of 

this standard shall take precedence where the 

provisions of this standard and the referenced 

standards conflict. 
Chapter 2, Page 1

 

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 

GENERAL

201.1 Scope. Unless stated otherwise, the following 

words and terms in this standard shall have the 

meanings indicated in this chapter. 

201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present 

tense include the future; words in the masculine 

gender include the feminine and neuter; the singular 

number includes the plural and the plural includes the 

singular. 

201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Terms that 

are not defined in this standard but are defined in the 

International Building Code, ICC Electrical Code, 

International Fire Code, International Fuel Gas Code, 

International Mechanical Code, International 

Plumbing Code, or the International Residential Code 

shall have the meanings ascribed to them in those 

codes. 

201.4 Terms not defined. Terms not defined by this 

chapter shall have ordinarily accepted meanings 

such as the context implies. 

SECTION 202 

GENERAL DEFINITIONS 

ABOVE GRADE WALL. A wall more than 50 percent 

above grade and enclosing conditioned space. This 

includes between-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of 

floors, roof and basement knee walls, dormer walls, 

gable end walls, walls enclosing a mansard roof, and 

skylight shafts. 

ACCESSIBLE. Admitting close approach as a result 

of not being guarded by locked doors, elevation or 

other effective means (see "Readily accessible"). 

ADDITION. An extension or increase in the 

conditioned space floor area or height of a building or 

structure. 

ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an 

existing structure other than repair or addition that 

requires a permit. Also, a change in a mechanical 

system that involves an extension, addition or change 

to the arrangement, type or purpose of the original 

installation that requires a permit. 

AUTOMATIC. Self-acting, operating by its own 

mechanism when actuated by some impersonal 

influence, as, for example, a change in current 

strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical 

configuration (see "Manual"). 

BASEMENT WALL. A wall 50 percent or more below 

grade and enclosing conditioned space. 

BUILDING. Any structure used or intended for 

supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy. 

BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE. The basement 

walls, exterior walls, floor, roof, and any other 

building element that enclose conditioned space. This 

boundary also includes the boundary between 

conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned 

space. 

COMMERCIAL BUILDING. For this standard, all 

buildings that are not included in the definition of 

Residential Buildings. 

COMPLIANCE APPROACH: The methods available 

for demonstrating compliance with the provisions of 

this standard. Three paths are available: 

o Prescriptive Standard: Individual building 

components comply with the provisions 

described in Sections 402 and 403. Each 

component must meet the performance 

standard as written. 

o Component Performance Standard: 

Individual building components can be 

traded-off against each other to achieve an 

overall heat loss equal to or better than the 

performance that would be achieved using 

the Prescriptive Standard. Only building 

components used in calculating the overall 

building heat loss rate (UA) as defined in 

Section 402.1 can be considered. 

o Systems Analysis Standard: Individual 

building components are combined to 

develop a performance standard which 

includes all HVAC and building shell 

requirements. Compliance is demonstrated 

to be equal to or better than the performance 

that would be achieved by the Prescriptive 

Standard using an energy simulation tool. 

CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA. The horizontal 

projection of the floors associated with the 

conditioned space. 

SECTION 201 
Chapter 2, Page 2

CONDITIONED SPACE. An area or room within a 

building being heated or cooled, containing 

uninsulated ducts, or with a fixed opening directly into 

an adjacent conditioned space. 

CRAWLSPACE WALL. The opaque portion of a wall 

that encloses a crawl space and is partially or totally 

below grade. 

CURTAIN WALL. Fenestration products used to 

create an external non-load bearing wall that is 

designed to separate the exterior and interior 

environments.

DUCT. A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air. 

The air passages of self-contained systems are not to 

be construed as air ducts. 

DUCT SYSTEM. A continuous passageway for the 

transmission of air that, in addition to ducts, includes 

duct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans and accessory 

air-handling equipment and appliances. 

DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete 

independent living facilities for one or more persons, 

including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, 

eating, cooking and sanitation. 

ECONOMIZER, AIR. A duct and damper 

arrangement and automatic control system that 

allows a cooling system to supply outside air to 

reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling 

during mild or cold weather. 

ECONOMIZER, WATER. A system where the supply 

air of a cooling system is cooled indirectly with water 

that is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the 

environment without the use of mechanical cooling. 

ENERGY ANALYSIS. A method for estimating the 

annual energy use of the proposed design and 

standard reference design based on estimates of 

energy use. 

ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATION SYSTEM.

Systems that employ air-to-air heat exchangers to 

recover energy from exhaust air for the purpose of 

preheating, precooling, humidifying or dehumidifying 

outdoor ventilation air prior to supplying the air to a 

space, either directly or as part of an HVAC system. 

ENERGY SIMULATION TOOL. An approved 

software program or calculation-based methodology 

that projects the annual energy use of a building. 

EXTERIOR WALL. Walls enclosing conditioned 

space, including both above grade walls and 

basement walls, which are vertical or sloped at an 

angle 60 degrees or greater from horizontal. 

ENTRANCE DOOR. Fenestration products used for 

ingress, egress and access in non-residential 

buildings, including, but not limited to, exterior 

entrances that utilize latching hardware, automatic 

closers and contain over 50% glass specifically 

designed to withstand heavy use and possibly abuse. 

FACTORY-ASSEMBLED GLAZED FENESTRATION PRODUCT. Fenestration products that are 

shipped to the field as factory-assembled units 

comprised of specified frame and glazing 

components including operable and fixed windows, 

and skylights. 

FENESTRATION. Skylights, roof windows, vertical 

windows (fixed or moveable), opaque doors, glazed 

doors, glazed block, and combination opaque/glazed 

doors. Fenestration includes products with glass and 

nonglass glazing materials. 

HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATOR (HRV). A 

ventilation device designed to provide outdoor air for 

ventilation while recovering energy by heat exchange 

from the exhaust airstream. 

 

HEAT TRAP. An arrangement of piping and fittings, 

such as elbows, or a commercially available heat trap 

that prevents thermosyphoning of hot water during 

standby periods. 

HEATED SLAB. Slab-on-grade construction in which 

the heating elements, hydronic tubing, or hot air 

distribution system is in contact with, or placed within 

or under the slab. 

HUMIDISTAT. A regulatory device, actuated by 

changes in humidity, used for automatic control of 

relative humidity. 

INFILTRATION. The uncontrolled inward air leakage 

into a building caused by the pressure effects of wind 

or the effect of differences in the indoor and outdoor 

air density or both. 

INSULATING SHEATHING. An insulating board with 

a core material having a minimum R-value of R-2. 

LABELED. Devices, equipment, or materials to 

which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or 

other identifying mark of a nationally recognized 

testing laboratory, inspection agency or other 

organization concerned with product evaluation that 

maintains periodic inspection of the production of the 

above-labeled items that attests to compliance with a 

specific standard. 
Chapter 2, Page 3

LISTED. Equipment, appliances, assemblies or 

materials included in a list published by an approved 

testing laboratory, inspection agency or other 

organization concerned with product evaluation that 

maintains periodic inspection of production of listed 

equipment, appliances, assemblies or material, and 

whose listing states either that the equipment, 

appliances, assemblies, or material meets nationally 

recognized standards or has been tested and found 

suitable for use in a specified manner. 

LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING. Lighting equipment 

powered through a transformer such as a cable 

conductor, a rail conductor and track lighting. 

MANUAL. Capable of being operated by personal 

intervention (see "Automatic") 

PROPOSED DESIGN. A description of the proposed 

building used to estimate annual energy use for 

determining compliance based on total building 

performance. 

READILY ACCESSIBLE. Capable of being reached 

quickly for operation, renewal or inspection without 

requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to 

climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to 

portable ladders or access equipment (see 

"Accessible"). 

REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of 

an existing building. 

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. For this standard, 

includes R-3 buildings, as well as R-2 and R-4 

buildings. 

R-VALUE (THERMAL RESISTANCE). The inverse 

of the time rate of heat flow through a body from one 

of its bounding surfaces to the other surface for a unit 

temperature difference between the two surfaces, 

under steady state conditions, per unit area (°Fhr/Btu).

ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide 

weather protection and resistance to design loads. 

The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck 

or a single component serving as both the roof 

covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly includes 

the roof covering, underlayment, roof deck, 

insulation, vapor retarder and interior finish. 

SCREW LAMP HOLDERS. A lamp base that 

requires a screw-in-type lamp, such as a compactfluorescent, incandescent, or tungsten-halogen bulb. 

SERVICE WATER HEATING. Supply of hot water for 

purposes other than comfort heating. 

SITE-BUILT GLAZED PRODUCT. Fenestration 

products that are designed to be field glazed or field 

assembled units comprised of specified frame and 

glazing components including operable and fixed 

windows, curtain walls, window walls, storefronts, 

sloped glazing and skylights. 

SKYLIGHT. Glass or other transparent or translucent 

glazing material installed at a slope of 15 degrees 

(0.26 rad) or more from vertical. Glazing material in 

skylights, including unit skylights, solariums, 

sunrooms, roofs and sloped walls is included in this 

definition. (see "Glazing area"). 

SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT (SHGC). The 

ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through 

the fenestration assembly to the incident solar 

radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted 

solar heat and absorbed solar radiation which is then 

reradiated, conducted or convected into the space. 

STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN. A version of 

the proposed design that meets the minimum 

requirements of this standard and is used to 

determine the maximum annual energy use 

requirement for compliance based on total building 

performance. 

STOREFRONT. A non-residential system of doors 

and windows mulled as a composite fenestration 

structure that has been designed to resist heavy use 

and possible abuse and provide a high level of 

resistance to wind load and impact from wind borne 

debris. Storefront systems include, but are not limited 

to, exterior fenestration systems that span from the 

floor level or above to the ceiling of the same story on 

commercial buildings. 

SUNROOM. A one-story structure attached to a 

dwelling with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent 

of the gross area of the structure's exterior walls and 

roof. 

THERMAL ISOLATION. Physical and space 

conditioning separation from conditioned space(s). 

The conditioned space(s) shall be controlled as 

separate zones for heating and cooling or 

conditioned by separate equipment. 

THERMOSTAT. An automatic control device used to 

maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable set 

point. 

U-FACTOR (THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE). The 

coefficient of heat transmission (air to air) through a 

building component or assembly, equal to the time 

rate of heat flow per unit area and unit temperature 
Chapter 2, Page 4

difference between the warm side and cold side air 

films (Btu/hr-°F). 

VAPOR RETARDER. A vapor resistant material, 

membrane or covering such as foil, plastic sheeting, 

or insulation facing having a permeance rating of 1 

perm or Iess when tested in accordance with the 

desiccant method using Procedure A of ASTM E 96. 

Vapor retarders limit the amount of moisture vapor 

that passes through a material or wall assembly. 

VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process 

of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or 

removing such air from, any space. 

VENTILATION AIR. That portion of supply air that 

comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated 

air that has been treated to maintain the desired 

quality of air within a designated space. 

ZONE. A space or group of spaces within a building 

with heating or cooling requirements that are 

sufficiently similar so that desired conditions can be 

maintained throughout using a single controlling 

device. 
Chapter 3, Page 1

CHAPTER 3 CLIMATE ZONES 

SECTION 301 CLIMATE ZONES 

301.1 General. Climate zones from Table 301.1 shall 

be used in determining the applicable requirements 

from Chapters 4 and 8 for the Pacific Northwest 

region. 

SECTION 302 DESIGN CONDITIONS 

302.1 Interior design conditions. The interior 

design temperatures used for heating and cooling 

load calculations shall be a maximum of 72°F (22°C) 

for heating and minimum of 75°F (24°C) for cooling. 

TABLE 301.1 

CLIMATE ZONES BY STATE AND COUNTY 

Washington Zone 1 - Rest of State 

Zone 2 - Ferry County 

 Okanogan County 

 Pend Oreille County 

 Stevens County 

Oregon Zone 1 - All of State 

Idaho Zone 1 - Ada County 

 Benewah County 

 Canyon County 

 Cassia County 

 Elmore County 

 Gooding County 

 Jerome County 

 Kootenai County 

 Latah County 

 Lewis County 

 Lincoln County 

 Minidoka County 

 Nez Perce County 

 Owyhee County 

 Payette County 

 Twin Falls County 

 Washington County 

Zone 2 - Rest of State 

Montana Zone 2 - All of State 
Chapter 8, Page 1

CHAPTER 8 

NON-RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY

SECTION 801 

SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 

801.1 Scope. The requirements contained in this 

chapter are applicable to non-residential buildings, or 

portions of non-residential buildings. 

801.2 (Supp) General. Walls, roof assemblies, floors, 

glazing and slabs on grade which are part of the 

building envelope for buildings where the window and 

glazed door area is not greater than 50 percent of the 

gross area of above-grade walls shall meet the 

requirements of Sections 802.2.1 through 802.2.7, 

as applicable. Buildings with more glazing shall meet 

the applicable provisions of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1. 

801.3 Application. The requirements in Sections 802 

(Building envelope), 803 (Building mechanical 

systems), 804 (Service water heating) and 805 

(Lighting) shall each be satisfied on an individual 

basis. 

Exception: Buildings conforming to Section 

806, provided Sections 802.4, 802.5, 803.2, 

804, 805.1, 805.2, 805.3, 805.4, 805.6 and 

805.7 are each satisfied. 

SECTION 802 BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS

802.1 General 

802.1.1 Insulation and fenestration criteria. The 

building thermal envelope shall meet the 

requirements of Tables 802.2 and 802.3 based on the 

climate zone specified in Chapter 3. Buildings with a 

vertical fenestration area or skylight area that 

exceeds that allowed in Table 802.2 shall comply with 

the building envelope provisions of ASHRAE/IESNA 

90.1. 

802.2 Specific insulation requirements. Opaque 

assemblies shall comply with Table 802.2. 

802.2.1 Roof assembly. The minimum thermal 

resistance (R-value) of the insulating material 

installed either between the roof framing or 

continuously on the roof assembly shall be as 

specified in Table 802.2, based on construction 

materials used in the roof assembly. 

Exception: Continuously insulated roof 

assemblies where the thickness of insulation 

varies 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less and where 

the area weighted U-factor is equivalent to 

the same assembly with the R-value 

specified in Table 802.2. 

Insulation installed on a suspended ceiling with 

removable ceiling tiles shall not be considered part of 

the minimum thermal resistance of the roof insulation. 

802.2.2 Classification of walls. Walls associated 

with the building envelope shall be classified in 

accordance with Section 802.2.2.1 or 802.2.2.2. 

802.2.2.1 Above-grade walls. Above-grade walls 

are those walls covered by Section 802.2.3 on the 

exterior of the building and completely above grade 

or walls that are more than 15 percent above grade. 

802.2.2.2 Below-grade walls. Below-grade walls 

covered by Section 802.2.4 are basement or firststory walls associated with the exterior of the building 

that are at least 85 percent below grade. 

802.2.3 Above-grade walls. The minimum thermal 

resistance (R-value) of the insulating material(s) 

installed in the wall cavity between the framing 

members and continuously on the walls shall be as 

specified in Table 802.2, based on framing type and 

construction materials used in the wall assembly. The 

R-value of integral insulation installed in concrete 

masonry units (CMU) shall not be used in 

determining compliance with Table 802.2. “Mass 

walls” shall include walls weighing at least (1) 35 

pounds per square foot (170 kg/m2

) of wall surface 

area or (2) 25 pounds per square foot (120 kg/m2

) of 

wall surface area if the material weight is not more 

than 120 pounds per cubic foot (1,900 kg/m3

). 

802.2.4 Below-grade walls. The minimum thermal 

resistance (R-value) of the insulating material 

installed in, or continuously on, the below-grade walls 

shall be as specified in Table 802.2, and shall extend 

to a depth of 10 feet (3048 mm) below the outside 

finish ground level, or to the level of the floor, 

whichever is less. 

802.2.5 Floors over outdoor air or unconditioned 
Chapter 8, Page 2

space. The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of 

the insulating material installed either between the 

floor framing or continuously on the floor assembly 

shall be as specified in Table 802.2, based on 

construction materials used in the floor assembly. 

“Mass floors” shall include floors weighing at least (1) 

35 pounds per square foot (170 kg/m2

) of floor 

surface area or (2) 25 pounds per square foot (120 

kg/m2

) of floor surface area if the material weight is 

not more than 12 pounds per cubic foot (1,900 

kg/m3

). 

802.2.6 Slabs on grade. The minimum thermal 

resistance (R-value) of the insulation around the 

perimeter of unheated or heated slab-on-grade floors 

shall be as specified in Table 802.2. The insulation 

shall be placed on the outside of the foundation or on 

the inside of a foundation wall. The insulation shall 

extend downward from the top of the slab for a 

minimum distance as shown in the table or to the top 

of the footing, whichever is less, or downward to at 

least the bottom of the slab and then horizontally to 

the interior or exterior for the total distance shown in 

the table. 

802.2.7 Opaque doors. Opaque doors (doors 

having less than 50 percent glass area) shall meet 

the applicable requirements for doors as specified in 

Table 802.2 and be considered as part of the gross 

area of above-grade walls that are part of the building 

envelope. 

802.3 Fenestration. Fenestration shall comply with 

Table 802.2. 

802.3.1 Maximum area. The vertical fenestration 

area (not including opaque doors) shall not exceed 

the percentage of the gross wall area specified in 

Table 802.2. The skylight area shall not exceed the 

percentage of the gross roof area specified in Table 

802.2. 

802.3.2 Maximum U-factor and SHGC. For vertical 

fenestration, the maximum U-factor and solar heat 

gain coefficient (SHGC) shall be as specified in Table 

802.2, based on the window projection factor. For 

skylights, the maximum U-factor and solar heat gain 

coefficient (SHGC) shall be as specified in Table 

802.2. 

The window projection factor shall be determined in 

accordance with Equation 8-1. 

(Equation 8-1)

PF = A/B 

where: 

PF=Projection factor (decimal). 

A=Distance measured horizontally from the furthest 

continuous extremity of any overhang, 

eave, or permanently attached shading 

device to the vertical surface of the glazing. 

B=Distance measured vertically from the bottom of 

the glazing to the underside of the 

overhang, eave, or permanently attached 

shading device. 

Where different windows or glass doors have 

different PF values, they shall each be 

evaluated separately, or an area-weighted 

PF value shall be calculated and used for 

all windows and glass doors. 

802.4 Air leakage

802.4.1 Window and door assemblies. The air 

leakage of window and sliding or swinging door 

assemblies that are part of the building envelope 

shall be determined in accordance with 

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 or NFRC 400 by 

an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled 

and certified by the manufacturer and shall not 

exceed the values in Section 402.4.2. 

Exception: Site-constructed windows and 

doors that are weatherstripped or sealed in 

accordance with Section 802.4.3. 

 

802.4.2 Curtain wall, storefront glazing and 

commercial entrance doors. Curtain wall, 

storefront glazing and commercial-glazed swinging 

entrance doors and revolving doors shall be tested 

for air leakage at 1.57 pounds per square foot (psf) 

(75 Pa) in accordance with ASTM E 283. For curtain 

walls and storefront glazing, the maximum air 

leakage rate shall be 0.3 cubic feet per minute per 

square foot (cfm/ft2

) (5.5 m3/h × m2) of fenestration 

area. For commercial glazed swinging entrance doors 

and revolving doors, the maximum air leakage rate 

shall be 1.00 cfm/ft2

 (18.3 m3/h × m2) of door area 

when tested in accordance with ASTM E 283. 
Chapter 8, Page 3

802.4.3 Sealing of the building envelope. 

Openings and penetrations in the building envelope 

shall be sealed with caulking materials or closed with 

gasketing systems compatible with the construction 

materials and location. Joints and seams shall be 

sealed in the same manner or taped or covered with 

a moisture vapor-permeable wrapping material. 

Sealing materials spanning joints between 

construction materials shall allow for expansion and 

contraction of the construction materials. 

802.4.4 Outdoor air intakes and exhaust 

openings. Stair and elevator shaft vents and other 

outdoor air intakes and exhaust openings integral to 

the building envelope shall be equipped with not less 

than a Class I motorized, leakage-rated damper with 

a maximum leakage rate of 4 cfm/ft2

 ( 6.8 L/s * m2) at 

1.0 inch water gauge (w.g.) (1250 Pa) when tested in 

accordance with AMCA 500D. 

Exception: Gravity (non-motorized) dampers 

are permitted to be used in buildings less 

than three stories in height above grade. 

802.4.5 Loading dock weatherseals. Cargo doors 

and loading dock doors shall be equipped with 

weatherseals to restrict infiltration when vehicles are 

parked in the doorway. 

802.4.6 Vestibules. A door that separates 

conditioned space from the exterior shall be protected 

with an enclosed vestibule, with all doors opening into 

and out of the vestibule equipped with self-closing 

devices. Vestibules shall be designed so that in 

passing through the vestibule it is not necessary for 

the interior and exterior doors to open at the same 

time. 

Exceptions: 

1. Buildings in Climate Zones 1 and 2 as 

indicated in and Table 301.1. 

2. Doors not intended to be used as a 

building entrance door, such as doors to 

mechanical or electrical equipment rooms. 

3. Doors opening directly from a guestroom 

or dwelling unit. 

4. Doors that open directly from a space less 

than 3,000 square feet (298 m2

) in area. 

5. Revolving doors. 

6. Doors used primarily to facilitate vehicular 

movement or material handling and adjacent 

personnel doors. 

802.4.7 Recessed luminaires. When installed in the 

building envelope, recessed luminaires shall meet 

one of the following requirements: 

1. Type IC (insulation contact) rated, 

manufactured with no penetrations between 

the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling 

cavity and sealed or gasketed to prevent air 

leakage into the unconditioned space. 

2. Type IC or non-IC rated, installed inside a 

sealed box constructed from a minimum 0.5-

inch-thick (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard or 

constructed from a preformed polymeric 

vapor barrier, or other air-tight assembly 

manufactured for this purpose, while 

maintaining required clearances of not less 

than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) from combustible 

material and not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 

from insulation material. 

3. Type IC rated, in accordance with ASTM E 

283 admitting no more than 2.0 cubic feet per 

minute (cfm) (0.944 L/s) of air movement 

from the conditioned space to the ceiling 

cavity. The luminaire shall be tested at 1.57 

psf (75 Pa) pressure difference and shall be 

labeled. 

802.5 Moisture control. All framed walls, floors 

and ceilings not ventilated to allow moisture to 

escape shall be provided with an approved vapor 

retarder having a permeance rating of 1 perm (5.7 

x 10 –11 kg/Pa ⋅ s ⋅ m2

) or less, when tested in 

accordance with the desiccant method using 

Procedure A of ASTM E 96. The vapor retarder 

shall be installed on the warm-in-winter side of the 

insulation. 

 Exceptions:

1. Buildings located in Climate Zones 1 

through 3 as indicated in Table 301.1.

2. In construction where moisture or its 

freezing will not damage the materials. 

3. Where other approved means to avoid 

condensation in unventilated framed wall, 

floor, roof and ceiling cavities are provided. 
Chapter 8, Page 4

Table 802.2 Building Envelope Requirements

Climate Zone 1 Climate Zone 2 

Roofs 

Maximum U-factor requirement, U=.036 U=0.033 

Insulation entirely above deck R-20 ci R-25 ci 

Metal buildings (with R-5 thermal 

blocks1

)

2 R-30 R-30 

Attic and all below deck insulation R-30 R-38 

Walls, Above Grade 

Maximum U-factor requirement, U=0.062 U=0.062 

Mass (added insulation value) R-15, U=0.07 R-15, U=0.07 

CMU R-15, U=0.07 R-15, U=0.07 

Metal building2 R-19+ R-13 R-19+ R-13 

Metal framed R-19+R-3.8 ci R-19+R-3.8 ci 

Wood framed and other R-19 R-19 

Walls, Below Grade 

Maximum U-factor (not including ground 

buffering effects) U=.065 U=.065 

Below grade wall4 R-19 R-19 

Floors 

Maximum U-factor requirement (not 

including buffering effects of adjacent 

spaces) 

U=0.045 U=0.035 

Mass5 R-10 ci, U=0.09 R-10 ci, U=0.09 

Joist/Framing R-19 R-30 

Slab-on-Grade Floors 

Perimeter F-value (Unheated Slabs) F=0.54 F=0.54 

Unheated Slabs5 R-10 for 24 

In. below 

R-10 for 24 

In. below 

Heated Slabs5 R-10ci below R-10ci below 

Opaque Doors 

Swinging Hinged <4' wide U=0.6 , all other 

U=0.2 Hinged <4' wide U=0.6 , all other U=0.2

Roll-up or sliding U=0.6 coil roll up/ U=0.2 other U=0.6 coil roll up/ U=0.2 other 

Windows 

Non-metal Frames U0.35/SHGC 0.4 U0.35/SHGC 0.4 

Metal Frames6 

0%-25% U0.54/SHGC 0.4 U0.50/SHGC 0.4 

25%-30% U0.54/SHGC 0.4 U0.37/SHGC 0.4 

30%-35% U0.37/SHGC 0.4 U0.37/SHGC 0.4 

35%-40% U0.37/SHGC 0.4 Not allowed. 

> 40% Not allowed. Not allowed. 

Skylights7

 <3% U0.6/SHGC 0.4 U0.6/SHGC 0.4 

1.Thermal blocks are a minimum R-5 of rigid insulation, which extends 1" beyond the width of the purtin on each side, perpendicular to the purtin. 

2. Assembly descriptions can be found in Table 802.2(3) 

3. R-5.7 ci may be substituted with concrete block walls complying with A5TM C90, ungrouted or partially grouted at 32 in. or less on center 

vertically and 48 in. or less on center horizontally, with ungrouted cores filled with material having a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.44 8tu-in.lh-f2 F. 

4. When heated slabs are placed below grade, below grade walls must meet the exterior insulation requirements for perimeter insulation according to 

 the heated slab-on-grade construction. 

5. All slabs shall include and R-5 thermal break between the slab edge and the outside or between the slab and the structural concrete. 

6. Percent of gross exterior wall area allowed in glazing. Includes entire rough opening of window systems. 

7. Percent of roof area allowed in skylight glazing. Includes entire rough opening of skylight systems 
Chapter 8, Page 5
Chapter 8, Page 6 

SECTION 803 

BUILDING MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

803.1 General. Mechanical systems and equipment 

serving the building heating, cooling or ventilating 

needs shall comply with Section 803.2 (referred to as 

the mandatory provisions) and either: 

1. Section 803.3 (Simple systems), or 

2. Section 803.4 (Complex systems). 

803.2 Provisions applicable to all Mechanical 

systems.

803.2.1 Calculation of heating and cooling loads. 

Design loads shall be determined in accordance with 

the procedures described in the ASHRAE 

Fundamentals Handbook. Heating and cooling loads 

shall be adjusted to account for load reductions that 

are achieved when energy recovery systems are 

utilized in the HVAC system in accordance with the 

ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment Handbook. 

Alternatively, design loads shall be determined by an 

approved equivalent computation procedure, using 

the design parameters specified in Chapter 3. 

803.2.1.1 Equipment and system sizing. Heating 

and cooling equipment and systems capacity shall 

not exceed the loads calculated in accordance with 

Section 803.2.1. A single piece of equipment 

providing both heating and cooling must satisfy this 

provision for one function with the capacity for the 

other function as small as possible, within available 

equipment options. 

Exceptions: 

1. Required standby equipment and systems 

provided with controls and devices that allow 

such systems or equipment to operate 

automatically only when the primary 

equipment is not operating. 

2. Multiple units of the same equipment type 

with combined capacities exceeding the 

design load and provided with controls that 

have the capability to sequence the operation 

of each unit based on load. 

803.2.2 Packaged Electric Heating and Cooling 

Equipment. If packaged HVAC systems providing 

both heating and cooling with electric energy and 

have a total cooling capacity greater than 20,000 

Btu/h then the heating equipment shall be a heat 

pump. 

Exception: 

Unstaffed equipment shelters or cabinets 

used solely for personal wireless service 

facilities. 

803.2.3 HVAC equipment performance 

requirements. Equipment shall meet the minimum 

efficiency requirements of Tables 803.2.3(1), 

803.2.3(2), 803.2.3(3), 803.2.3(4), 803.2.3(5), 

803.2.3(6), 803.2.3(7), 803.2.3(8), 803.2.3(9), 

803.2.3(10) and 803.2.3(11) when tested and rated in 

accordance with the applicable test procedure. The 

efficiency shall be verified through certification under 

an approved certification program or, if no 

certification program exists, the equipment efficiency 

ratings shall be supported by data furnished by the 

manufacturer. Where multiple rating conditions or 

performance requirements are provided, the 

equipment shall satisfy all stated requirements. 

Where components, such as indoor or outdoor coils, 

from different manufacturers are used, calculations 

and supporting data shall be furnished by the 

designer that demonstrates that the combined 

efficiency of the specified components meets the 

requirements herein. 

Exception: 

Equipment listed in Table 803.3.2(7) not designed 

for operation at ARI Standard test conditions of 

44°F (7°C) leaving chilled water temperature and 

85°F (29°C) entering condenser water 

temperature shall have a minimum full load COP 

and IPLV rating as shown in Tables 803.3.2(8) 

through 803.3.2(10) as applicable. The table 

values are only applicable over the following full 

load design ranges: 

Leaving Chilled Water Temperature: 40 to 48°F (4 

to 9°C) 

Entering Condenser Water Temperature: 75 to 

85°F (24 to 29°C) 

Condensing Water Temperature Rise: 5 to 15°F (3 

to 8°C ) 

Chillers designed to operate outside of these ranges 

shall comply with Section 803.4. 

Gas-fired and oil-fired forced air furnaces with input 

ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/h (65 kW) shall also have an 

intermittent ignition or interrupted device (IID), and 

have either mechanical draft (including power 

venting) or a flue damper. A vent damper is an 

acceptable alternative to a flue damper for furnaces 

where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned 
Chapter 8, Page 7 

space. All furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/h 

(65 kW), including electric furnaces, that are not 

located within the conditioned space shall have jacket 

losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating. 

803.2.4 Permanently installed heating systems 

outside a building. Heating systems installed 

outside a building shall be radiant, gas-fired systems. 

Such heating systems shall be controlled by an 

occupancy sensing device or a timer switch, so that 

the system is automatically de-energized when no 

occupants are present. 

803.2.5 HVAC system controls. Each heating and 

cooling system shall be provided with thermostatic 

controls as required in Sections 803.2.4.1 through 

803.2.4.5. 

803.2.5.1 Thermostatic controls. The supply of 

heating and cooling energy to each zone shall be 

controlled by individual thermostatic controls capable 

of responding to temperature within the zone. At a 

minimum, each floor of a building shall be considered 

as a separate zone. 

Where humidification or dehumidification or both is 

provided, at least one humidity control device shall be 

provided for each humidity control system. 

Exception: Independent perimeter systems 

that are designed to offset only building 

envelope heat losses or gains or both serving 

one or more perimeter zones also served by 

an interior system provided: 

1. The perimeter system includes at least one 

thermostatic control zone for each building 

exposure having exterior walls facing only 

one orientation (within +/- 45 degrees) (0.8 

rad) for more than 50 contiguous feet (15.2 

m); and, 

2. The perimeter system heating and cooling 

supply is controlled by a thermostat(s) 

located within the zone(s) served by the 

system. 

803.2.5.1.1 Heat pump supplementary heat. Heat 

pumps having supplementary electric resistance heat 

shall have controls that, except during defrost, 

prevent supplementary heat operation when the heat 

pump can meet the heating load. 

803.2.5.2 Set point overlap restriction. Where 

used to control both heating and cooling, zone 

thermostatic controls shall provide a temperature 

range or deadband of at least 5°F (2.8°C) within 

which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the 

zone is capable of being shut off or reduced to a 

minimum. 

Exception: Thermostats requiring manual 

changeover between heating and cooling 

modes. 

803.2.5.3 Off-hour controls. Each zone shall be 

provided with thermostatic setback controls that are 

controlled by either an automatic time clock or 

programmable control system. 

Exceptions: 

1. Zones that will be operated continuously. 

2. Zones with a full HVAC load demand not 

exceeding 6,800 Btu/h (2 kW) and having a 

readily accessible manual shutoff switch. 

803.2.5.4 Thermostatic setback capabilities. 

Thermostatic setback controls shall have the 

capability to set back or temporarily operate the 

system to maintain zone temperatures down to 55°F 

(13°C) or up to 85°F (29°C). 

803.2.5.5 Automatic setback and shutdown 

capabilities. Automatic time clock or programmable 

controls shall be capable of starting and stopping the 

system for seven different daily schedules per week 

and retaining their programming and time setting 

during a loss of power for at least 10 hours. 

Additionally, the controls shall have: a manual 

override that allows temporary operation of the 

system for up to 2 hours; a manually operated timer 

capable of being adjusted to operate the system for 

up to 2 hours; or an occupancy sensor. 

803.2.5.6 Shutoff dampers. Both outdoor air supply 

and exhaust ducts shall be equipped with motorized 

dampers that will automatically shut when the 

systems or spaces served are not in use or during 

building warm-up, cool-down, and setback. 

Exceptions: 

1. Gravity dampers shall be permitted in 

buildings less than three stories in height 

2. Systems serving areas which require 

continuous operation. 

3. Combustion air intakes. 

4. Gravity (non-motorized) dampers are 

acceptable in exhaust and relief outlets in the 
Chapter 8, Page 8 

first story and levels below the first story of 

buildings three or more stories in height. 

5. Type 1 Grease hoods exhaust. 

Stair and shaft vents shall be capable of being 

automatically closed during normal building operation 

and are interlocked to open as required by fire and 

smoke detection systems. 

Dampers installed to comply with this section, 

including dampers integral to HVAC equipment, shall 

have a maximum leakage rate when tested in 

accordance with AMCA Standard 500 of: 

a. Motorized dampers in package HVAC: 10 

cfm/ft2 of damper area at 1.0 in. w.g. 

b. All other motorized dampers: 4 cfm/ft2 of 

damper area at 1.0 in. w.g. 

c. Non-motorized dampers: 20 cfm/ft2 of 

damper area at 1.0 in. w.g., except that for 

non-motorized dampers smaller than 24 

inches in either dimension: 40 cfm/ft2 of 

damper area at 1.0 in. w.g. 

Dampers used as a component of packaged HVAC 

equipment shall comply with the damper leakage 

requirements. 

803.2.5.7 Optimum start controls. Separate HVAC 

systems with a design supply air capacity exceeding 

10,000 cfm (4,720 L/s) shall have controls that are 

capable of automatically varying start-up time of 

system to just meet temperature set point at time of 

occupancy. The control algorithm shall, as a 

minimum, be a function of the difference between 

space temperature and occupied setpoint and the 

amount of time prior to scheduled occupancy. 

803.2.6 Ventilation. Ventilation, either natural or 

mechanical, shall be provided in accordance with 

Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code. 

Where mechanical ventilation is provided, the system 

shall provide the capability to reduce the outdoor air 

supply to the minimum required by Chapter 4 of the 

International Mechanical Code. 

803.2.6.1 Ventilation Controls for High-Occupancy 

Areas (Demand Ventilation Controls). The 

following systems shall incorporate means to 

automatically reduce outside air intake below design 

rates when spaces are unoccupied or partially 

occupied (demand ventilation controls): 

a. Single-zone systems where all of the 

following criteria are met: 

1. an air economizer is installed, and 

2. design outside airflow is greater than 

1,200 cfm, and 

3. design occupancy of the spaces served 

by the system is greater than 40 people 

per 1,000 ft2

 of floor area. 

b. All other single-zone where both of the 

following criteria are met: 

1. design outside airflow is greater than 

3,000 cfm, and 

2. large rooms served by multiple 

systems with a combined ventilation 

air capacity of 1,500 CFM and an 

occupant load factor of 20 or less 

must also meet this requirement. 

c. Multiple-zone where both of the following 

criteria are met: 

1. design outside airflow is greater than 

3,000 cfm, and 

2. design occupancy of the spaces 

served by the system is greater than 

100 people per 1,000 ft2 of floor area. 

CO2

 sensors shall be located between one foot and 

six feet above the floor. Ventilation controls shall be 

in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62. 

Demand ventilation controls shall maintain CO2

concentrations less than or equal to 600 ppm plus the 

outdoor air CO2

 concentration in all rooms with CO2

sensors. 

Exception: The outdoor air 

ventilation rate is not required to be 

larger than the design outdoor air 

ventilation rate required by the 

ASHRAE standard 62 regardless of 

CO2

 concentration. 

The outdoor air CO2

 concentration shall be assumed 

to be 400 ppm without any direct measurement or the 

CO2

 concentration shall be dynamically measured 

using a CO2

 sensor located near the position of the 

outdoor air intake. 
Chapter 8, Page 9 

When the system is operating during hours of 

expected occupancy, the controls shall maintain 

system outdoor air ventilation rates no less than 5 

percent of total system airflow. 

CO2

 sensors shall be certified by the manufacturer to 

have an accuracy of no less than 75 ppm, factory 

calibrated or calibrated at start-up, and certified by 

the manufacturer to require calibration no more 

frequently than once every 5 years. 

803.2.6.2 Enclosed Parking Garage Ventilation.

Garage ventilation fan systems with a total design 

capacity greater than 30,000 cfm shall include the 

equipment specified in (a) and (b) below. Smaller 

systems shall include the equipment specified in 

either (a) or (b). 

d. An automatic control that is capable of 

staging fans or modulating fan volume as 

required to maintain carbon monoxide (CO) 

concentration below a level of 50 ppm as 

stated in ASHRAE Standard 62. This 

provision only applies to garages used 

predominantly by gasoline or diesel powered 

vehicles. 

e. An automatic control that is capable of 

shutting off fans or reducing fan volume 

during periods when the garage is not in use. 

The system shall be equipped with at least 

one of the following: 

i. An automatic timeclock that can start and 

stop the system under different schedules 

for seven different day-types per week, is 

capable of retaining programming and 

time setting during loss of power for a 

period of at least 10 hours, and includes 

an accessible manual override that allows 

temporary operation of the system for up 

to 2 hours. 

ii. An occupant sensor. 

803.2.6.3 Energy recovery ventilation systems. 

Individual fan systems that have both a design supply 

air capacity of 5,000 cfm (2.36 m3

/s) or greater and a 

minimum outside air supply of 70 percent or greater 

of the design supply air quantity shall have an energy 

recovery system that provides a change in the 

enthalpy of the outdoor air supply of 50 percent or 

more of the difference between the outdoor air and 

return air at design conditions. Provision shall be 

made to bypass or control the energy recovery 

system to permit cooling with outdoor air where 

cooling with outdoor air is required. Laboratory fume 

hoods must comply with section 803.2.10.2. 

Exception: An energy recovery ventilation 

system shall not be required in any of the 

following conditions: 

1. Where energy recovery systems are 

prohibited by the International Mechanical 

Code. 

2. Systems serving spaces that are not 

cooled and are heated to less than 60°F 

(15.5°C). 

3. Where more than 60 percent of the 

outdoor heating energy is provided from siterecovered or site solar energy. 

4. Cooling systems in climates with a 1 

percent cooling design wet-bulb temperature 

less than 64 °F (17.7°C). 

5. Systems requiring dehumidification that 

employ series-style energy recovery coils 

wrapped around the cooling coil. 

803.2.7 Duct and plenum insulation and sealing. 

All supply and return air ducts and plenums shall be 

insulated in accordance with Table 803.2.7. 

Exceptions:

1. When located within equipment. 

2. When the design temperature difference 

between the interior and exterior of the duct 

or plenum does not exceed 15°F (∆8°C) 

All joints, longitudinal and transverse seams and 

connections in ductwork shall be securely fastened 

and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives), 

mastic-plus-embedded-fabric systems or tapes. 

803.2.7.1 Rigid fibrous glass ducts. Closure 

systems used to seal rigid fibrous glass duct joints 

shall comply with UL 181 A and shall be marked "181 

A-P" for pressure-sensitive tape, "181 A-M" for mastic 

or "181 A-H" for heat-sensitive tape. 

803.2.7.2 Flexible air ducts. Closure systems used 

to seal flexible air duct joints and flexible air 

connector joints shall comply with UL 181B and shall 

be marked "181 B-FX" for tape or "181 B-M" for 

mastic. Tape shall be a minimum of 12 mil (0.38 mm) 

total thickness, and shall be permitted to be cloth 

backed. 
Chapter 8, Page 10 

803.2.7.3 Metal to metal ducts. Closure systems 

used to seal metal to metal duct joints shall comply 

with UL 181B and shall be marked "181 B-FX" for 

tape or "181 B-M" for mastic. Tape shall be a 

minimum of 12 mil (0.38 mm) total thickness, and 

shall include butyl rubber adhesive/sealant. Joints of 

metal to metal duct systems and their components 

shall not be sealed with cloth backed tapes. 

Unlisted duct tape is not permitted as a sealant on 

any duct. 

Duct connections to flanges of air distribution system 

equipment shall be sealed and mechanically 

fastened. Crimp joints for round ducts shall have a 

contact lap of at least 1.5 inches (38 mm) and shall 

be mechanically fastened by means of at least three 

sheet metal screws or rivets equally spaced around 

the joint. Connections of metal ducts and the inner 

core of flexible ducts shall be mechanically fastened 

per the manufacturers’ installation instructions. 

803.2.7.4 Duct construction. Ductwork shall be 

constructed and erected in accordance with the 

International Mechanical Code. 

803.2.7.4.1 Low and Medium pressure duct 

systems. All ducts and plenums designed to operate 

at a static pressure less than or equal to 3 inches 

w.g. (750 Pa) shall be insulated and sealed in 

accordance with Section 803.2.8. Pressure 

classifications specific to the duct system shall be 

clearly indicated on the construction documents in 

accordance with the International Mechanical Code. 

Exception: 

Continuously welded and locking-type 

longitudinal joints and seams on ducts 

operating at static pressures less than 2 

inches w.g. (500 Pa) pressure classification. 

803.2.7.4.2 High-pressure duct systems. Ducts 

designed to operate at static pressures in excess of 3 

inches w.g. (746 Pa) shall be insulated and sealed in 

accordance with Section 803.2.7. In addition, ducts 

and plenums shall be leak-tested in accordance with 

the SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual 

with the rate of air leakage (CL) less than or equal to 

6.0 as determined in accordance with Equation 8-2. 

(Equation 8-2) 

CL = F × P 0.65

Where: 

F =The measured leakage rate in cfm per 100square 

feet of duct surface. 

P=The static pressure of the test. 

Documentation shall be furnished by the designer 

demonstrating that representative sections totaling at 

least 25 percent of the duct area have been tested 

and that all tested sections meet the requirements of 

this section. 

803.2.8 Piping insulation. All piping serving as part 

of a heating or cooling system shall be thermally 

insulated in accordance with Table 803.2.8. 

Exceptions:

1. Factory-installed piping within HVAC 

equipment tested and rated in accordance 

with a test procedure referenced by this 

code.

2. Piping that conveys fluids that have a 

design operating temperature range between 

55oF (13oC) and 105oF (41oC). 

3. Piping that conveys fluids that have not 

been heated or cooled through the use of 

fossil fuels or electric power. 

4. Runout piping not exceeding 4 feet (1219 

mm) in length and 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter 

between the control valve and HVAC coil. 

803.2.9 HVAC system completion. Prior to the 

issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the design 

professional shall provide evidence of system 

completion in accordance with Sections 803.2.9.1 

through 803.2.9.3. 

803.2.9.1 Air system balancing. Each supply air 

outlet and zone terminal device shall be equipped 

with means for air balancing in accordance with the 

requirements of Chapter 6 of the International 

Mechanical Code. Discharge dampers are prohibited 

on constant volume fans and variable volume fans 

with motors 25 hp (18.6 kW) and larger. 

803.2.9.2 Hydronic system balancing. Individual 

hydronic heating and cooling coils shall be equipped 

with means for balancing and pressure test 

connections. 

803.2.9.3 Manuals. The construction documents 

shall require that an operating and maintenance 

manual be provided to the building owner by the 

mechanical contractor. The manual shall include, at 

least, the following: 

1. Equipment capacity (input and output) and 

required maintenance actions. 
Chapter 8, Page 11 

2. Equipment operation and maintenance 

manuals. 

3. HVAC system control maintenance and 

calibration information, including wiring 

diagrams, schematics, and control sequence 

descriptions. Desired or field-determined 

setpoints shall be permanently recorded on 

control drawings, at control devices or, for 

digital control systems, in programming 

comments. 

4. A complete written narrative of how each 

system is intended to operate. 

803.2.9.4 Systems Commissioning 

803.2.9.4.1 Simple Systems: For simple systems 

and for warehouses and semi-heated spaces, HVAC 

control systems shall be tested to ensure that control 

devices, components, equipment and systems are 

calibrated, adjusted and operate in accordance with 

approved plans and specifications. Sequences of 

operation shall be functionally tested to ensure they 

operate in accordance with approved plans and 

specifications. A complete report of test procedures 

and results shall be prepared and filed with the 

owner. Drawing notes shall require commissioning in 

accordance with this paragraph. 

803.2.9.4.2 Other Systems: All other HVAC control 

systems, and other automatically controlled systems 

for which energy consumption, performance, or mode 

of operation are regulated by this code, shall be 

tested to ensure that control devices, equipment and 

systems are calibrated, adjusted and operate in 

accord with approved plans and specifications. 

Sequences of operation shall be functionally tested to 

ensure they operate in accord with approved plans 

and specifications. 

803.2.9.4.3 Documentation: Drawing notes shall 

require commissioning in accordance with this 

section. Drawing notes may refer to specifications for 

further commissioning requirements. Plans and 

specifications shall require tests mandated by this 

section be performed and the results recorded. Plans 

and specifications shall require preparation of 

preliminary and final reports of test procedures and 

results as described in Section 803.2.9.4.3.1. Plans 

and specifications shall identify the following for each 

test: 

1. Equipment and systems to be tested, 

including the extent of sampling tests, 

2. Functions to be tested (for example, 

calibration, economizer control, etc.), 

3. Conditions under which the test shall be 

performed (for example, winter design 

conditions, full outside air, etc.), 

4. Measurable criteria for acceptable 

performance. 

803.2.9.4.3.1 Commissioning Reports 

803.2.9.4.3.1.1 Preliminary Commissioning 

Report: A preliminary commissioning report of test 

procedures and results shall be prepared. The 

preliminary report shall identify: 

1. Deficiencies found during testing required by this 

section which have not been corrected at the time of 

report preparation and the anticipated date of 

correction. 

2. Deferred tests which cannot be performed at the 

time of report preparation due to climatic conditions. 

3. Climatic conditions required for performance of the 

deferred tests, and the anticipated date of each 

deferred test. 

803.2.9.4.3.1.2 Final Commissioning Report: A 

complete report of test procedures and results shall 

be prepared and filed with the owner. 

803.2.9.4.3.1.3 Acceptance: Buildings or portions 

thereof, required by this code to comply with this 

section, shall not be issued a final certificate of 

occupancy until such time that the building official 

determines that the preliminary commissioning report 

required by this section has been completed 

803.2.10 Exhaust Hoods

803.2.10.1 Kitchen Hoods. Individual kitchen 

exhaust hoods larger than 5000 cfm shall be provided 

with make-up air sized so that at least 50% of 

exhaust air volume be (a) unheated or heated to no 

more than 60oF and (b) uncooled or cooled air 

without the use of mechanical cooling. 

Exceptions: 

1. Where hoods are used to exhaust 

ventilation air which would otherwise 

exfiltrate or be exhausted by other 

fan systems. 

2. Certified grease extractor hoods 

that require a face velocity no greater 

than 60 fpm. 
Chapter 8, Page 12 

803.2.10.2 Fume Hoods. Each fume hood in 

buildings with fume hood systems having a total 

exhaust rate greater than 15,000 cfm shall include at 

least one of the following features: 

1. Variable air volume hood exhaust 

and room supply systems capable of 

reducing exhaust and make-up air 

volume by 50% or less of design 

values. 

2. Direct make-up (auxiliary) air 

supply equal to at least 75% of the 

exhaust rate, heated no warmer than 

2oF below room set point, cooled to 

no cooler than 3oF above room set 

point, no humidification added, and 

no simultaneous heating and cooling 

used for dehumidification control. 

3. Heat recovery systems to 

precondition make-up air in 

accordance with Section 803.2.6.3, 

without using any exception. 

4. Constant volume fume hood 

designed and installed to operate at 

less than 50 fpm face velocity. 
Chapter 8, Page 13

TABLE 803.2.3(1) UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS AND CONDENSING UNITS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, 

MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS also includes TABLE 803.2.3(6) CONDENSING UNITS, 

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment 

Type Size Category

Heating 

Section Type

Sub-Category or 

Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencya

Test 

Procedureb

Air All Split System 13.0 SEER ARI 210/240 

Conditioners, 

Air Cooled 

<65,000 Btu/hc

 Single Package 13.0 SEER 

Split System 10.9 SEER, 12 SEER (as of 

1/23/ 2010) 

Through-theWall, Air 

Cooled 

≤ 30,000 

Btu/hc

All 

Single Package 10.6 SEER, 12.0 SEER (as 

of 1/23/2010) 

Small-Duct 

HighVelocity, Air 

Cooled 

< 65,000 

Btu/hc

All Split System 10 SEER 

Electric 

Resistance (or 

None) 

Split System / Single 

Package 

11.0 EER 

11.4IPLV 

≥65,000 Btu/h ARI 340/360 

and <135,000 

Btu/h 

All other Split System / Single 

Package 

11.0 EER 

11.4IPLV 

Electric 

Resistance (or 

None) 

Split System / Single 

Package 

10.8 EER 

11.2IPLV 

≥135,000 

Btu/h and 

<240,000 

Btu/h All other Split System/ Single 

Package 

10.8 EER 

11.2IPLV 

Electric 

Resistance (or 

None) 

Split System / Single 

Package 

10.0 EER 

10.4IPLV 

≥240,000 

Btu/h and 

<760,000 

Btu/h All other Split System / Single 

Package 

10.0 EER 

10.4IPLV 

Electric 

Resistance (or 

None) 

Split System / Single 

Package 

10.0 EER 

10.4IPLV 

Air 

Conditioners, 

Air Cooled 

≥760,000 

Btu/h 

All other Split System / Single 

Package 10.0 EER / 10.4IPLV 

<65,000 Btu/h All Split System / Single 

Package 

14.0 EER ARI 210/240 

Electric 

Resistance (or 

None) 

Split System / Single 

Package 

≥65,000 Btu/h 14.0 EER 

and <135,000 

Btu/h 

All other Split System \ Single 

Package 

14.0 EER 

Electric 

Resistance (or 

None) 

Split System \ Single 

Package 

≥135,000 14.0 EER 

Btu/h and 

<240,000 

Btu/h All other Split System \ Single 

Package 

14.0 EER 

Electric 

Resistance (or 

None) 

Split System \ Single 

Package 14.0 EER 

Air 

Conditioners, 

Water and 

Evaporatively 

Cooled 

≥240,000 

Btu/h 

All other Split System \ Single 

Package 14.0 EER 

ARI 340/360 
Chapter 8, Page 14

Equipment 

Type Size Category

Heating 

Section Type

Sub-Category or 

Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencya

Test 

Procedureb

Condensing 

Units, Air 

Cooled 

≥135,000 

Btu/h – 10.1 EER 11.2 IPLV 

ARI 365 

Condensing 

Units, Water 

or 

Evaporatively 

Cooled 

≥135,000 

Btu/h 

– 

13.1 EER 13.1 IPLV 

a IPLVs and part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. 

b Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of 

the test procedure. 

c

 Single-phase, air-cooled air-conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER values are those set by 

NAECA. 
Chapter 8, Page 15

TABLE 803.2.3(2) 

UNITARY AND APPLIED HEAT PUMPS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY 

REQUIREMENTS

Equipment 

Type Size Category 

Heating 

Section 

Type 

Sub-Category or 

Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencya Test Procedureb

Air Cooled Split System 13.0 SEER 

(Cooling Mode) 

<65,000 Btu/hc All 

Single Package 13.0 SEER 

Split System 10.9 SEER, 12 SEER 

(as of 1/23/ 2010) 

Through-theWall, Air 

Cooled, 

Cooling Mode 

≤ 30,000 Btu/hc All 

Single Package 10.6 SEER, 12.0 SEER 

(as of 1/23/2010) 

Small-Duct 

High-Velocity, 

Air Cooled, 

Cooling Mode 

< 65,000 Btu/hc All Split System 10 SEER 

ARI 210/240 

Electric 

Resistance 

(or None) 

Split System and 

Single Package 

≥65,000 Btu/h 11.0 EER, 11.4IPLV 

and <135,000 

Btu/h 

All other Split System and 

Single Package 11.0 EER, 11.4IPLV 

Electric 

Resistance 

(or None) 

Split System and 

Single Package ,10.8 EER, 11.2 IPLV ≥135,000 Btu/h 

and 

<240,000 Btu/h All other Split System and 

Single Package 10.8 EER, 11.2 IPLV 

Electric 

Resistance 

(or None) 

Split System and 

Single Package 10.0 EER, 10.4 IPLV 

Air Cooled 

(Cooling 

Mode) 

≥240,000 Btu/h 

All other Split System and 

Single Package 10.0 EER, 10.4 IPLV 

ARI 340/360 

Water-Source 

(Cooling 

Mode) 

<17,000 Btu/h All 86oF Entering Water 14.0 EER ISO-13256-1 

≥17,000 Btu/h 

and <65,000 

Btu/h 

All 86oF Entering Water 14.0 EER ISO-13256-1 

≥65,000 Btu/h 

and <135,000 

Btu/h 

All 86°F Entering Water 14.0 EER ISO-13256-1 

GroundwaterSource 

(Cooling 

Mode) 

<135,000 Btu/h All 59°F Entering Water 16.2 EER ISO-13256-1 

Ground 

Source 

(Cooling 

Mode) 

<135,000 Btu/h All 77°F Entering Water 13.4 EER ISO-13256-1 

Air Cooled – Split System 8.0HSPF 

(Heating 

Mode) 

<65,000 

Btu/hc(Cooling 

Cap.) Single Package 7.5 HSPF 

ARI 210/240 
Chapter 8, Page 16

Equipment 

Type Size Category 

Heating 

Section 

Type 

Sub-Category or 

Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencya Test Procedureb

- Split System 7.1 HSPF, after 

1/23/2010 7.4 HSPF 

Through-theWall, (Air 

Cooled, 

Heating Mode) 

≤30,000 Btu/hc 

(cooling cap.) Single Package 7.0 HSPF, after 

1/23/2010 7.4 HSPF 

Small-Duct 

High-Velocity 

(Air Cooled, 

Heating Mode) 

< 65,000 

Btu/hc (cooling 

cap.) 

- Split System 6.8 HSPF 

– 47°F db/43°F wb 

Outdoor air ≥65,000 Btu/h 3.4 COP ARI 340/360 

and 

<135,000 Btu/h 

(Cooling Cap.) 

 

17°F db/15°F wb 

Outdoor air 

2.4 COP 

– 47°F db/43°F wb 

Outdoor air 3.3 COP 

Air Cooled 

(Heating 

Mode) 

≥135,000 Btu/h 

(Cooling Cap.) 17°F db/15°F wb 

Outdoor air 2.2 COP 

Water-Source 

(Heating 

Mode) 

<135,000 Btu/h 

(Cooling Cap.) 

– 68°F Entering Water 4.6 COP ISO-13256-1 

GroundwaterSource 

(Heating 

Mode) 

<135,000 Btu/h 

(Cooling Cap.) 

– 50°F Entering Water 3.6 COP ISO-13256-1 

Ground 

Source 

(Heating 

Mode) 

<135,000 Btu/h 

(Cooling Cap.) 

– 32°F Entering Water 3.1 COP ISO-13256-1 

a

 IPLVs and Part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. 

b

 Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced 

year version of the test procedure. 

c Single-phase, air-cooled heat pumps < 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER and HSPF values 

are those set by NAECA. 
Chapter 8, Page 17

TABLE 803.2.3(3) 

PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONERS AND 

PACKAGED TERMINAL HEAT PUMPS; Single-Package Vertical Air Conditioners, Single -Package Vertical 

Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps 

Equipment Type

Size Category 

(Input)

Subcategory 

or Rating 

Condition

Minimum 

Efficiency

Test 

Procedure a

PTAC (Cooling Mode) New 

Construction 

All Capacities 95°F db 

Outdoor air 

12.5 – (0.213 × 

Cap/1000)cEER 

PTAC (Cooling Mode) Replacementsb All Capacities 95°F db 

Outdoor air 

10.9 – (0.213 × 

Cap/1000)cEER 

PTHP (Cooling Mode) New 

Construction 

All Capacities 95°F db 

Outdoor air 

12.3 – (0.213 × 

Cap/1000)cEER 

PTHP (Cooling Mode) Replacementsb All Capacities 95°F db 

Outdoor air 

10.8 – (0.213 × 

Cap/1000)c EER 

PTHP (Heating Mode) New 

Construction 

All Capacities 3.2 – (0.026 × 

Cap/1000)cCOP 

PTHP (Heating Mode) Replacementsb All Capacities 2.9 – (0.026 × 

Cap/1000)cCOP 

ARI 

310/380 

SPVAC (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 95°F db/ 75°F 

wb Outdoor air 8.6 EER ARI 390 

SPVHP (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 95°F db/ 75°F 

wb Outdoor air 8.6. EER 

SPVHP (Heating Mode) All Capacities 47°F db/ 43°F 

wb Outdoor air 2.7 COP 

<6000 Btu/h 9.7 SEER 

≥6000 Btu/h and 

<8000 Btu/h 9.7 EER 

≥8000 Btu/h and 

<14,000 Btu/h 9.8 EER 

≥14,000 Btu/h 

and <20,000 

Btu/h 

9.7 SEER 

Room Air Conditioners, 

with Louvered Sides 

≥20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER 

<8000 Btu/h 9.0 EER 

≥8000 Btu/h and 

<20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER Room Air Conditioners, Without 

Louvered Sides 

≥20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER 

Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps with <20,000 Btu/h 9.0 EER 

Louvered Sides ≥20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER 

Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps <14,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER 

without Louvered Sides ≥14,000 Btu/h 8.0 EER 

Room Air Conditioner, All Capacities 8.7 EER 

ANSI/ 

AHAM 

RAC-1 

Casement Only 

Room Air Conditioner, All Capacities 9.5 EER 
Chapter 8, Page 18

Casement–Slider 

a Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced 

year version of the test procedure. 

b Replacement units must be factory labeled as follows: “MANUFACTURED FOR REPLACEMENT 

APPLICATIONS ONLY; NOT TO BE INSTALLED IN NEW CONSTRUCTION 

PROJECTS.” Replacement efficiencies apply only to units with existing sleeves less than 16 in. high and 

less than 42 in. wide. 

c Cap means the rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit’s capacity is less than 7000 Btu/h, 

use 7000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit’s capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the 

calculation. 

TABLE 803.2.3(4) 

WARM AIR FURNACES AND COMBINATION WARM AIR FURNACES/AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS, 

WARM AIR DUCT FURNACES AND UNIT HEATERS, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment Type

Size Category 

(Input)

Subcategory or 

Rating Condition

Minimum 

Efficiencya

Test Procedureb

<225,000 Btu/h 78% AFUE or 

80% Et d

 

DOE 10 CFR Part 430 or 

ANSI Z21.47 

Warm Air Furnace, GasFired 

≥225,000 Btu/h Maximum 

Capacityd

 80% Ec c

 ANSI Z21.47 

<225,000 Btu/h 78% AFUE or 

80% Et d

 

DOE 10 CFR Part 430 or 

UL 727 

Warm Air Furnace, OilFired 

≥225,000 Btu/h Maximum 

Capacitye

 

81% Et f

 UL 727 

Warm Air Furnaces, 

Electric 

All Capacities Maximum 

Capacitye

 

100% Ec c 

Warm Air Duct Furnaces, 

Gas- Fired 

All Capacities Maximum 

Capacitye

 

80% Ec g ANSI Z83.9 

Warm Air Unit Heaters, 

Gas-Fired 

All Capacities Maximum 

Capacitye

 

80% Ec g ANSI Z83.8 

Warm Air Unit Heaters, 

Oil-Fired All Capacities Maximum Capacitye

 

80% Ec g UL 731 

a Et= thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion. 

b Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year 

version of the test procedure. 

c Ec = combustion efficiency. Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IID), have 

jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent 

damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the 

conditioned space. 

d

 Combination units not covered by NAECA (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 

Btu/h) may comply with either rating. 

e Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. 

f

Et = thermal efficiency. Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IID), have jacket 

losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power 

venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where 
Chapter 8, Page 19

combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. 

g Ec = combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion. 

TABLE 803.2.3(5) 

BOILERS, GAS- AND OIL-FIRED, MINIMUM 

EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment 

Typea 

Size Category 

(Input) 

Subcategory or 

Rating Condition 

Minimum 

Efficiencyb Test Procedurec

Boilers, <300,000 Btu/h Hot Water 80% AFUE 

Steam 75% AFUE 

DOE 10 CFR Part 430 

Gas-Fired 

≥300,000 Btu/h and Maximum 

Capacityd 75% Et b

 H.I. Htg Boiler Std. 

≤2,500,000 Btu/h 

>2,500,000 Btu/ha Hot Water 80% Ec

>2,500,000 Btu/ha Steam 80% Ec

<300,000 Btu/h 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR Part 430 

Boilers, Oil-Fired 

≥300,000 Btu/h and Maximum 

Capacityd 78% Et b

 H.I. Htg Boiler Std. 

≤2,500,000 Btu/h 

>2,500,000 Btu/ha Hot Water 83% Ec

>2,500,000 Btu/ha Steam 83% Ec

Oil-Fired 

(Residual) ≥300,000 Btu/h and Maximum 

Capacityd

 78% Et b H.I. Htg Boiler Std. 

≤2,500,000 Btu/h 

>2,500,000 Btu/ha Hot Water 83% Ec

>2,500,000 Btu/ha Steam 83% Ec

a These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 8,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers, 

and to all packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged 

boilers. 

b Et = thermal efficiency. See reference document for detailed information. c Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year 

version of the test procedure. 

d

 Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. 
Chapter 8, Page 20

TABLE 803.2.3(7) 

WATER CHILLING PACKAGES, MINIMUM\ 

EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment Type Size Category

Subcategory or 

Rating 

Condition

Minimum 

Efficiencya Test 

Procedureb

Air Cooled, with Condenser, 

Electrically Operated 

All Capacities 2.80 COP 3.05 

IPLV 

Air Cooled, without Condenser, 

Electrically Operated 

All Capacities 3.10 COP 3.45 

IPLV 

ARI 550/590 

Water Cooled, Electrically 

Operated, Positive Displacement 

(Reciprocating) 

All Capacities 4.20 COP 5.05 

IPLV 

ARI 550/590 

<150 tons 4.45 COP 5.20 

IPLV 

≥150 tons and 

<300 tons 

 4.90 COP 5.60 

IPLV 

Water Cooled, Electrically 

Operated, Positive Displacement 

(Rotary Screw and Scroll) 

≥300 tons 5.50 COP 6.15 

IPLV 

ARI 550/590 

<150 tons 5.00 COP 5.25 

IPLV 

≥150 tons and 

<300 tons 

5.55 COP 5.90 

IPLV 

Water Cooled, Electrically 

Operated, Centrifugal 

≥300 tons 6.10 COP 6.40 

IPLV 

ARI 550/590 

Air-Cooled Absorption Single 

Effect 

All Capacities 0.60 COP 

Water-Cooled Absorption Single 

Effect 

All Capacities 0.70 COP 

Absorption Double Effect, 

Indirect-Fired 

All Capacities 1.00 COP 1.05 

IPLV 

Absorption Double Effect, DirectFired 

All Capacities 1.00 COP 1.00 

IPLV 

ARI 560 

a

 The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low-temperature applications where 

the design leaving fluid temperature is <40°F. 

b

 Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced 

year version of the test procedure. 
Chapter 8, Page 21

TABLE 803.2.3(8) 

COPs AND IPLVs FOR NONSTANDARD 

CENTRIFUGAL CHILLERS < 150 TONS

Centrifugal Chillers < 150 tons 

COPstd= 5.00; IPLVstd= 5.25 

 Condenser Flow Rate 

Leaving 

Chilled 

Water 

Temperature 

(°F) 

Entering 

Condenser 

Water 

Temperature 

(°F) 

LIFTa 

(°F) 2 gpm/ton 2.5 gpm/ton 3 gpm/ton 4 gpm/ton 5 gpm/ton 6 gpm/ton 

 CO

P NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC

40 75 35 5.11 5.35 5.33 5.58 5.48 5.73 5.67 5.93 5.79 6.06 5.88 6.15 

40 80 40 4.62 4.83 4.92 5.14 5.09 5.32 5.27 5.52 5.38 5.63 5.45 5.70 

40 85 45 3.84 4.01 4.32 4.52 4.58 4.79 4.84 5.06 4.98 5.20 5.06 5.29 

41 75 34 5.19 5.43 5.41 5.66 5.56 5.81 5.75 6.02 5.89 6.16 5.99 6.26 

41 80 39 4.73 4.95 5.01 5.24 5.17 5.41 5.35 5.60 5.46 5.71 5.53 5.78 

41 85 44 4.02 4.21 4.46 4.67 4.70 4.91 4.94 5.17 5.06 5.30 5.14 5.38 

42 75 33 5.27 5.51 5.49 5.74 5.64 5.90 5.85 6.12 6.00 6.27 6.11 6.39 

42 80 38 4.84 5.06 5.10 5.33 5.25 5.49 5.43 5.67 5.53 5.79 5.61 5.87 

42 85 43 4.19 4.38 4.59 4.80 4.81 5.03 5.03 5.26 5.15 5.38 5.22 5.46 

43 75 32 5.35 5.59 5.57 5.82 5.72 5.99 5.95 6.23 6.11 6.39 6.23 6.52 

43 80 37 4.94 5.16 5.18 5.42 5.32 5.57 5.50 5.76 5.62 5.87 5.70 5.96 

43 85 42 4.35 4.55 4.71 4.93 4.91 5.13 5.12 5.35 5.23 5.47 5.30 5.54 

44 75 31 5.42 5.67 5.65 5.91 5.82 6.08 6.07 6.34 6.24 6.53 6.37 6.67 

44 80 36 5.03 5.26 5.26 5.50 5.40 5.65 5.58 5.84 5.70 5.96 5.79 6.05 

44 85 41 4.49 4.69 4.82 5.04 5.00 5.25 5.20 5.43 5.30 5.55 5.38 5.62 

45 75 30 5.50 5.75 5.74 6.00 5.92 6.19 6.19 6.47 6.38 6.68 6.53 6.83 

45 80 35 5.11 5.35 5.33 5.58 5.48 5.73 5.67 5.93 5.79 6.06 5.88 6.15 

45 85 40 4.62 4.83 4.92 5.14 5.09 5.32 5.27 5.52 5.38 5.63 5.45 5.70 

46 75 29 5.58 5.84 5.83 6.10 6.03 6.30 6.32 6.61 6.54 6.84 6.70 7.00 

46 80 34 5.19 5.43 5.41 5.66 5.56 5.81 5.75 6.02 5.89 6.16 5.99 6.26 

46 85 39 4.73 4.95 5.01 5.24 5.17 5.41 5.35 5.60 5.46 5.71 5.53 5.78 

47 75 28 5.66 5.92 5.93 6.20 6.15 6.43 6.47 6.77 6.71 7.02 6.88 7.20 

47 80 33 5.27 5.51 5.49 5.74 5.64 5.90 5.85 6.12 6.00 6.27 6.11 6.39 

47 85 38 4.84 5.06 5.10 5.33 5.25 5.49 5.43 5.67 5.53 5.79 5.61 5.87 

48 75 27 5.75 6.02 6.04 6.32 6.28 6.56 6.64 6.94 6.89 7.21 7.09 7.41 

48 80 32 5.35 5.59 5.57 5.82 5.72 5.99 5.95 6.23 6.11 6.39 6.23 6.52 

48 85 37 4.94 5.16 5.18 5.42 5.32 5.57 5.50 5.76 5.62 5.87 5.70 5.96 

Condenser 

DTb 14.04 11.23 9.36 7.02 5.62 4.68 5.50 5.76 5.62 5.87 5.70 5.96 

a

 LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature 

b

 Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (°F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) c All NPLV values shown are NPLV except at conditions of 3 gpm/ton Condenser Flow Rate with 44°F Leaving Chilled 

Water Temperature and 85°F Entering Condenser Water Temperature 

which is IPLV 

Kadj = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 - 0.000045595(X)3 where X = Condenser DT + LIFT 

COPadj = Kadj * COPstd 
Chapter 8, Page 22

TABLE 803.2.3(9) 

COPs AND IPLV FOR NONSTANDARD 

CENTRIFUGAL CHILLERS 

≥ 150 TONS, ≤ 300 TONS 

Centrifugal Chillers ≥150 tons, ≤300 tons 

COPstd= 5.55; IPLVstd= 5.90 

 Condenser Flow Rate 

Leaving 

Chilled 

Water 

Temperature 

(°F) 

Entering 

Condenser 

Water 

Temperature 

(°F) 

LIFTa 

(°F) 2 gpm/ton 2.5 gpm/ton 3 gpm/ton 4 gpm/ton 5 gpm/ton 6 gpm/ton 

 CO

P NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC

40 75 35 5.65 6.03 5.90 6.29 6.05 6.46 6.26 6.68 6.40 6.83 6.51 6.94 

40 80 40 5.10 5.44 5.44 5.80 5.62 6.00 5.83 6.22 5.95 6.35 6.03 6.43 

40 85 45 4.24 4.52 4.77 5.09 5.06 5.40 5.35 5.71 5.50 5.87 5.59 5.97 

41 75 34 5.74 6.13 5.80 6.38 6.14 6.55 6.36 6.79 6.51 6.95 6.62 7.06 

41 80 39 5.23 5.58 5.54 5.91 5.71 6.10 5.91 6.31 6.03 6.44 6.11 6.52 

41 85 44 4.45 4.74 4.93 5.26 5.19 5.54 5.46 5.82 5.60 5.97 5.69 6.07 

42 75 33 5.83 6.22 6.07 6.47 6.23 6.65 6.47 6.90 6.63 7.07 6.75 7.20 

42 80 38 5.35 5.71 5.64 6.01 5.80 6.19 6.00 6.40 6.12 6.53 6.20 6.62 

42 85 43 4.63 4.94 5.08 5.41 5.31 5.67 5.56 5.93 5.69 6.07 5.77 6.16 

43 75 32 5.91 6.31 6.15 6.56 6.33 6.75 6.58 7.02 6.76 7.21 6.89 7.35 

43 80 37 5.46 5.82 5.73 6.11 5.89 6.28 6.08 6.49 6.21 6.62 6.30 6.72 

43 85 42 4.81 5.13 5.21 5.55 5.42 5.79 5.66 6.03 5.78 6.16 5.86 6.25 

44 75 31 6.00 6.40 6.24 6.66 6.43 6.86 6.71 7.15 6.90 7.36 7.05 7.52 

44 80 36 5.56 5.93 5.81 6.20 5.97 6.37 6.17 6.58 6.30 6.72 6.40 6.82 

44 85 41 4.96 5.29 5.33 5.68 5.55 5.90 5.74 6.13 5.86 6.26 5.94 6.34 

45 75 30 6.08 6.49 6.34 6.76 6.54 6.98 6.84 7.30 7.06 7.53 7.22 7.70 

45 80 35 5.65 6.03 5.90 6.29 6.05 6.46 6.26 6.68 6.40 6.83 6.51 6.94 

45 85 40 5.10 5.44 5.44 5.80 5.62 6.00 5.83 6.22 5.95 6.35 6.03 6.43 

46 75 29 6.17 6.58 6.44 6.87 6.66 7.11 6.99 7.46 7.23 7.71 7.40 7.90 

46 80 34 5.74 6.13 5.80 6.38 6.14 6.55 6.36 6.79 6.51 6.95 6.62 7.06 

46 85 39 5.23 5.58 5.54 5.91 5.71 6.10 5.91 6.31 6.03 6.44 6.11 6.52 

47 75 28 6.26 6.68 6.56 6.99 6.79 7.24 7.16 7.63 7.42 7.91 7.61 8.11 

47 80 33 5.83 6.21 6.07 6.47 6.23 6.64 6.47 6.90 6.63 7.07 6.75 7.20 

47 85 38 5.35 5.70 5.64 6.01 5.80 6.19 6.00 6.40 6.12 6.52 6.20 6.61 

48 75 27 6.36 6.78 6.68 7.12 6.94 7.40 7.34 7.82 7.62 8.13 7.83 8.35 

48 80 32 5.91 6.30 6.15 6.56 6.33 6.75 6.58 7.02 6.76 7.21 6.89 7.35 

48 85 37 5.46 5.82 5.73 6.10 5.89 6.28 6.08 6.49 6.21 6.62 6.30 6.71 

Condenser DTb 14.04 11.23 9.36 7.02 5.62 

a

 LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature 

b

 Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (°F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) c All NPLV values shown are NPLV except at conditions of 3 gpm/ton Condenser Flow Rate with 44°F Leaving Chilled 

Water Temperature and 85°F Entering Condenser Water Temperature 

which is IPLV 

Kadj = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 - 0.000045595(X)3 

where X = Condenser DT + LIFT 
Chapter 8, Page 23

COPadj = Kadj * COPst 
Chapter 8, Page 24

TABLE 803.2.3(10) 

COPs AND IPLVs FOR NONSTANDARD 

CENTRIFUGAL CHILLERS > 300 TONS

Centrifugal Chillers > 300 Tons 

COPstd= 6.10; IPLVstd= 6.40 

 Condenser Flow Rate 

Leaving 

Chilled 

Water 

Temperature 

(°F) 

Entering 

Condenser 

Water 

Temperature 

(°F) 

LIFTa 

(°F) 2 gpm/ton 2.5 gpm/ton 3 gpm/ton 4 gpm/ton 5 gpm/ton 6 gpm/ton 

 CO

P NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC COP NPLVC

40 75 35 6.23 6.55 6.50 6.83 6.68 7.01 6.91 7.26 7.06 7.42 7.17 7.54 

40 80 40 5.63 5.91 6.00 6.30 6.20 6.52 6.43 6.76 6.56 6.89 6.65 6.98 

40 85 45 4.68 4.91 5.26 5.53 5.58 5.86 5.90 6.20 6.07 6.37 6.17 6.48 

41 75 34 6.33 6.65 6.60 6.93 6.77 7.12 7.02 7.37 7.18 7.55 7.30 7.67 

41 80 39 5.77 6.06 6.11 6.42 6.30 6.62 6.52 6.85 6.65 6.99 6.74 7.08 

41 85 44 4.90 5.15 5.44 5.71 5.72 6.01 6.02 6.33 6.17 6.49 6.27 6.59 

42 75 33 6.43 6.75 6.69 7.03 6.87 7.22 7.13 7.49 7.31 7.68 7.44 7.82 

42 80 38 5.90 6.20 6.21 6.53 6.40 6.72 6.61 6.95 6.75 7.09 6.84 7.19 

42 85 43 5.11 5.37 5.60 5.88 5.86 6.16 6.13 6.44 6.28 6.59 6.37 6.69 

43 75 32 6.52 6.85 6.79 7.13 6.98 7.33 7.26 7.63 7.45 7.83 7.60 7.98 

43 80 37 6.02 6.32 6.31 6.63 6.49 6.82 6.71 7.05 6.85 7.19 6.94 7.30 

43 85 42 5.30 5.57 5.74 6.03 5.98 6.28 6.24 6.55 6.37 6.70 6.46 6.79 

44 75 31 6.61 6.95 6.89 7.23 7.09 7.45 7.40 7.77 7.61 8.00 7.77 8.16 

44 80 36 6.13 6.44 6.41 6.73 6.58 6.92 6.81 7.15 6.95 7.30 7.05 7.41 

44 85 41 5.47 5.75 5.87 6.17 6.10 6.40 6.33 6.66 6.47 6.79 6.55 6.89 

45 75 30 6.71 7.05 6.99 7.35 7.21 7.58 7.55 7.93 7.78 8.18 7.96 8.36 

45 80 35 6.23 6.55 6.50 6.83 6.68 7.01 6.91 7.26 7.06 7.42 7.17 7.54 

45 85 40 5.63 5.91 6.00 6.30 6.20 6.52 6.43 6.76 6.56 6.89 6.65 6.98 

46 75 29 6.80 7.15 7.11 7.47 7.35 7.72 7.71 8.10 7.97 8.37 8.16 8.58 

46 80 34 6.33 6.65 6.60 6.93 6.77 7.12 7.02 7.37 7.18 7.55 7.30 7.67 

46 85 39 5.77 6.06 6.11 6.42 6.30 6.62 6.52 6.85 6.65 6.99 6.74 7.08 

47 75 28 6.91 7.26 7.23 7.60 7.49 7.87 7.89 8.29 8.18 8.59 8.39 8.82 

47 80 33 6.43 6.75 6.69 7.03 6.87 7.22 7.13 7.49 7.31 7.68 7.44 7.82 

47 85 38 5.90 6.20 6.21 6.53 6.40 6.72 6.61 6.95 6.75 7.09 6.84 7.19 

48 75 27 7.01 7.37 7.36 7.74 7.65 8.04 8.09 8.50 8.41 8.83 8.64 9.08 

48 80 32 6.52 6.85 6.79 7.13 6.98 7.33 7.26 7.63 7.45 7.83 7.60 7.98 

48 85 37 6.02 6.32 6.31 6.63 6.49 6.82 6.71 7.05 6.85 7.19 6.94 7.30 

Condenser DTb 14.04 11.23 9.36 7.02 5.62 4.68 

a LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature 

b

 Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (°F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) c

 All NPLV values shown are NPLV except at conditions of 3 gpm/ton Condenser Flow Rate with 44°F Leaving Chilled 

Water Temperature and 85°F Entering Condenser Water Temperature 

which is IPLV 

Kadj = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X) + 0.0062692(X)2 - 0.000045595(X)3 
Chapter 8, Page 25

where X = Condenser DT + LIFT 

COPadj = Kadj * COPstd 
Chapter 8, Page 26

TABLE 803.2.3(11) 

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR 

HEAT REJECTION EQUIPMENT

Equipment Type

Total System 

Heat Rejection 

Capacity at 

Rated 

Conditions

Subcategory or Rating 

Condition

Performance 

Requireda,b

Test 

Procedurec

Propeller or Axial 

Fan Cooling Towers 

All 95°F Entering Water 85°F 

Leaving Water 75°F wb Outdoor 

air 

≥38.2 gpm/hp CTI ATC-105 

Centrifugal Fan 

Cooling Towers 

All 95°F Entering Water 85°F 

Leaving Water 75°F wb Outdoor 

air 

≥20.0 gpm/hp CTI ATC-105 

Air-Cooled 

Condensers 

All 125°F Condensing Temperature 

R-22 Test Fluid 190°F Entering 

Gas Temperature 15°F 

Subcooling 95°F Entering b

 

≥176,000 

Btu/h·hp 

ARI 460 

a For purposes of this table, cooling tower performance is defined as the maximum flow rating of the tower 

divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. 

b For purposes of this table, air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the 

refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. 

c

 Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced 

year version of the test procedure. 
Chapter 8, Page 27

TABLE 803.2.7 

MINIMUM DUCT INSULATION 

Duct Type Duct Location Insulation

R-Value – 

Zone 1

Zone 

2

Supply, R-8 R-12 

Return 

Not within conditioned space: On exterior of building, on roof, in attic, in 

enclosed ceiling space, in walls, in garage, in crawl spaces R-7 R-8 

Outside Air 

Intake 

Within conditioned space R-7 R-7 

Supply, 

Return, 

Outside air 

intake 

Not within conditioned space: in concrete, in ground R-5.3 R-5.3 

Supply with 

supply air 

temperature 

<55°F or 

>105°F 

Within conditioned space R-3.3 R-3.3 

NOTE: Requirements apply to the duct type listed, whether heated or mechanically cooled. 

Mechanically cooled ducts requiring insulation shall have a vapor retarder, with a perm rating not greater 

than 0.5 and all joints sealed. 

INSULATION TYPES: Minimum densities and out of package thickness. Nominal Rvalues are for the insulation as installed and do not include air film resistance. 

INSTALLED: 

R-3.3 1.0 inch 1.5 to 3.0 lb/cu.ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber blanket or equivalent to 

provide an installed total thermal resistance of at least R-3.3. 

R-5.3 2.0 inch 0.75 lb/cu.ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket, 1.5 inch 1.5 to 3.0 lb/cu.ft. duct 

liner, mineral or glass fiber blanket, 1.5 inch 3.0 to 7.0 lb/cu.ft. mineral or glass 

fiber board or equivalent to provide an installed total thermal resistance of at 

least R-5.3. 

R-7 3.0 inch 0.75 lb/cu.ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket, 2.0 inch 1.5 to 3.0 lb/cu.ft. duct 

liner, mineral or glass fiber blanket, 2.0 inch 3.0 to 7.0 lb/cu.ft. mineral or glass 

fiber board or equivalent to provide an installed total thermal resistance of at 

least R-7. 

TABLE 803.2.8 

MINIMUM PIPE INSULATIONa

(thickness in inches) 

Fluid Nominal Pipe Diameter 

 1.5" > 1.5" 

Steam 1% 3 

Hot water 1 2 

Chilled water, 

brine or 

refrigerant 

1 1 1/2 

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, British thermal unit per inch/h' ft2. of = W per 25 mm/K. 

a. Based on insulation having a conductivity (k) not exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h' ft2. 
Chapter 8, Page 28

803.3 Simple HVAC systems and equipment. This 

section applies to buildings served by unitary or 

packaged HVAC equipment listed in Tables 

803.2.3(1) through 803.2.3(5), each serving one zone 

and controlled by a single thermostat in the zone 

served. It also applies to two-pipe heating systems 

serving one or more zones, where no cooling system 

is installed. 

This section does not apply to fan systems serving 

multiple zones, non-unitary or non-packaged HVAC 

equipment and systems or hydronic or steam heating 

and hydronic cooling equipment and distribution 

systems that provide cooling or cooling and heating 

which are covered by Section 803.4. 

803.3.1 Cooling with outdoor air. Supply air 

economizers shall be provided on each cooling 

system. 

Economizers shall be capable of operating at 100-

percent outdoor air, even if additional mechanical 

cooling is required to meet the cooling load of the 

building. 

Systems shall provide a means to relieve excess 

outdoor air during economizer operation to prevent 

over-pressurizing the building. The relief air outlet 

shall be located to avoid recirculation into the 

building. 

Where a single room or space is supplied by multiple 

air systems, the aggregate capacity of those systems 

shall be used in applying this requirement. 

Exceptions: 

1. Systems with air or evaporatively cooled 

condensers and which serve spaces with 

open case refrigeration or that require 

filtration equipment in order to meet the 

minimum ventilation requirements of Chapter 

4 of the International Mechanical Code. 

2. Systems at locations where the quality of 

the outdoor air is so poor as to require 

extensive treatment of the air. 

3. Systems serving only residential spaces 

and hotel or motel guest rooms. 

4. Cooling equipment with direct expansion 

coils rated at less than 54,000 Btu/hr. (15,827 

W) total cooling capacity. 

The total capacity of all such units without 

economizers shall not exceed 240,000 

Btu/hr. (70,342 W) per building area served 

by one utility meter or service, or 10 percent 

of its total installed cooling capacity, 

whichever is greater. That portion of the 

equipment serving dwelling units and guest 

rooms is not included in determining the total 

capacity of units without economizers. 

5. Ground-coupled heat pumps with cooling 

capacity of 54,000 Btu/hr. (15,827 W) or less. 

6. Internal/external zone heat recovery is 

used. 

803.3.1.1 Integration. Economizer systems shall be 

capable of providing partial cooling even when 

additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the 

remainder of the cooling load. 

Exceptions: 

1. Direct–expansion systems may include 

controls to reduce the quantity of outdoor air 

as required to prevent coil frosting, but not 

less than required by this code, at the lowest 

step of compressor unloading. 

2. Individual direct–expansion units that have 

a cooling capacity of 7.5 tons (53 kW) 

(nominal) or less with single compressors 

may use economizer controls that preclude 

economizer operation whenever mechanical 

cooling is required simultaneously. 

803.3.2 Hydronic system controls. Hydronic 

systems of at least 300,000 Btu/h (87,930 W) design 

output capacity supplying heated and chilled water to 

comfort conditioning systems shall include controls 

that meet the requirements of Section 803.4.3. 

803.4 Complex HVAC systems and equipment. 

This section applies to buildings served by HVAC 

equipment and systems not covered in Section 803.3. 

803.4.1 Zone isolation controls. A system serving 

multiple occupancies or floors in the same building 

shall be independently zoned and equipped with 

isolation devices capable of automatically shutting off 

the supply of conditioned air and outside air to and 

from each isolated area. Each isolated area shall be 

controlled independently and satisfy temperature 

setback (Section 803.2.5.4) and optimum start control 

requirements. The central fan system air volume shall 

be reduced through fan speed reduction. 

Exception: 

A cooling system less than 240,000 Btu/hr 

(70 kW) or a heating system with less than 

300,000 Btu/hr (88 kW) total capacity does 

not need to meet this requirement. 

803.4.2 Economizers. Supply air economizers shall 

be provided on each cooling system. Economizers 

shall be capable of operating at 100 percent outside 
Chapter 8, Page 29

air, even if additional mechanical cooling is required 

to meet the cooling load of the building. 

Exception: 

Systems utilizing water economizers that are 

capable of cooling supply air by direct or 

indirect evaporation or both and providing 

100 percent of the expected system cooling 

load at outside air temperatures of 50%F 

(10%C) dry bulb/45%F (7%C) wet bulb and 

below. 

803.4.3 Separate Air Distribution Systems: Zones 

with special process temperature requirements 

and/or humidity requirements shall be served by 

separate air distribution systems from those serving 

zones requiring only comfort conditions; or shall 

include supplementary control provisions so that the 

primary systems may be specifically controlled for 

comfort purposes only. 

Exception: 

Zones requiring only comfort heating 

or comfort cooling that are served by 

a system primarily used for process 

temperature and humidity control 

provided that: 

1. The total supply air to those 

comfort zones is no more 

than 25% of the total system 

supply air, or 

2. The total conditioned floor 

area of the zones is less than 

1,000 ft2

. 

803.4.4 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling: 

Systems which provide heating and cooling 

simultaneously to a zone are prohibited. Zone 

thermostatic and humidistatic controls shall be 

capable of operating in sequence the supply of 

heating and cooling energy to the zone. Such 

controls shall prevent: 

a. Reheating for temperature control. 

b. Recooling for temperature control. 

c. Mixing or simultaneous supply of air that has 

been previously mechanically heated and air 

that has been previously cooled, either by 

economizer systems or by mechanical 

refrigeration. 

d. Other simultaneous operation of heating and 

cooling systems to the same zone. 

e. Reheating for humidity control. 

Exception: 

Zones for which the volume of air that is 

reheated, recooled, or mixed is no greater 

than the larger of the following: 

a. The volume of air required to meet 

the ventilation requirements 

ASHRAE 62 for the zone. 

b. 0.4 cfm/ft2 of the zone conditioned 

floor area, provided that the 

temperature of the primary system air 

is, by design or through reset 

controls, 0-12oF below the design 

space heating temperature when 

outside air temperatures are below 

60oF for reheat systems and the cold 

deck of mixing systems and 0-12oF 

above design space temperature 

when outside air temperatures are 

above 60oF for recooling systems 

and the hot deck of mixing systems. 

For multiple zone systems, each 

zone need not comply with this 

exception provided the average of all 

zones served by the system that 

have both heating and cooling ability 

comply. 

c. 300cfm. This exception is for zones 

whose peak flow rate totals no more 

than 10% of the total fan system flow 

rate. 

d. Any higher rate that can be 

demonstrated, to the satisfaction of 

the building official, to reduce overall 

system annual energy usage by 

offsetting reheat/recool energy losses 

through a reduction in outdoor air 

intake in accordance with the multiple 

space requirements defined in 

ASHRAE Standard 62. 

e. Zones where special pressurization 

relationships, cross-contamination 

requirements, or code-required 

minimum circulation rates are such 

that variable air volume systems are 

impractical. 

f. Zones where at least 75% of the 

energy for reheating or for providing 

warm air in mixing systems is 

provided from a site-recovered 

(including condenser heat) or sitesolar energy source. 

g. Zones where specific humidity levels 

are required to satisfy process 

needs, such as computer rooms, 

museums, surgical suites, and 

buildings with refrigeration systems, 
Chapter 8, Page 30

such as supermarkets, refrigerated 

warehouses and ice arenas. 

803.4.5 Electric Motor Efficiency: Design A & B 

squirrel-cage, T-frame induction permanently wired 

polyphase motors of 1 hp or more having 

synchronous speeds of 3,600, 1,800 and 1,200 rpm 

shall have a nominal full-load motor efficiency no less 

than the corresponding values for energy efficient 

motors provided in Table 803.4.1. 

Exceptions: 

1. Motors used in systems 

designed to use more than one 

speed of a multi-speed motor. 

2. Motors used as a component of 

the equipment meeting the 

minimum equipment efficiency 

requirements of Section 803.2.3 

and Tables 803.2.3(1) through 

803.2.3(11) provided that the 

motor input is included when 

determining the equipment 

efficiency. 

3. Motors that are an integral part 

of specialized process 

equipment. 

4. Where the motor is integral to a 

listed piece of equipment for 

which no complying motor has 

been approved. 

Fan motors less than 1 hp in series terminal units 

shall: 

1. Be electronically-commutated motors, or 

2. Have a minimum motor efficiency of 65% when 

rated in accordance with NEMA Standard MG-1 at full 

load rating conditions. 

803.4.6 Variable air volume (VAV) fan control. 

Individual VAV and VVT fans with motors of 5 

horsepower (3.75 kW) or greater shall be: 

1. Driven by a mechanical or electrical 

variable speed drive; or 

2. The fan motor shall have controls or 

devices that will result in fan motor demand 

of no more than 30 percent of their design 

wattage at 50 percent of design air flow when 

static pressure set point equals one-third of 

the total design static pressure, based on 

manufacturer’s certified fan data. 

For systems with direct digital control of individual 

zone boxes reporting to the central control panel, the 

static pressure set point shall be reset based on the 

zone requiring the most pressure, i.e., the set point is 

reset lower until one zone damper is nearly wide 

open. 

803.4.7 Large volume single zone fan systems. 

Fan systems over 15,000 (7 m3/s) cfm that serve 

single zone areas including but not limited to 

gymnasiums, cafeterias, auditoriums or warehouses, 

are required to reduce airflow based on space 

thermostat heating and cooling demand. A two-speed 

motor or variable frequency drive shall reduce airflow 

to a maximum 60 percent of peak airflow or minimum 

ventilation air requirement, whichever is greater. 

Exception: 

Systems where the function of the supply air 

is for purposes other than temperature 

control, such as maintaining specific humidity 

levels or supplying an exhaust system. 

803.4.8 Supply-air temperature reset controls. 

Multiple zone HVAC systems must include controls 

that automatically reset the supply-air temperature in 

response to representative building loads, or to 

outdoor air temperature. The controls must be 

capable of resetting the supply air temperature at 

least 25 percent of the difference between the design 

supply-air temperature and the design room air 

temperature. 

Exceptions: 

1. Systems that prevent re-heating, recooling, or mixing of heated and cooled 

supply air. 

2. 75 percent of the energy for reheating is 

from site recovered or site solar energy 

sources. 

3. Zones with peak supply air quantities of 

300 cfm or less. 

803.4.9 Motor efficiency of electric motors serving 

built–up HVAC systems (fans, compressors, 

chillers and pumps). Electric motors, which are 

NEMA Design A & B squirrel–cage T–frame induction 

permanently wired polyphase motors of 1 horsepower 

or more and which serve built– up HVAC systems, 

shall have a nominal full–load motor efficiency no 

less than corresponding values for energy efficient 

motors provided in Table 803.4.3. 
Chapter 8, Page 31

Exceptions: 

1. Motors used in systems designed to use 

more than one speed of a multi-speed motor. 

2. Factory–installed motors for HVAC 

equipment meeting the equipment efficiency 

requirements of Section 803.4.8. 

803.4.10 Variable speed drives. Pump motors, and 

fan motors serving non-VAV systems of 10 

horsepower and greater which serve variable flow air 

or liquid systems shall be controlled by a variable 

speed drive. This includes custom and packaged air 

handlers serving variable air volume fan systems, 

heating and cooling hydronic pumping systems with 

modulating control valves, and cooling tower fans. 

Variable inlet vanes, throttling valves (dampers), 

scroll dampers or bypass circuits shall not be 

allowed. 

Exceptions: 

1. Axial vane fans with variable pitch control. 

2. Dedicated equipment circulation pumps 

designed to meet minimum flow requirements 

established by manufacturer, such as boiler 

or chiller auxiliary circulation pumps. 

803.4.11 Hydronic systems controls. The heating 

of fluids that have been previously mechanically 

cooled and the cooling of fluids that have been 

previously mechanically heated shall be limited in 

accordance with Sections 803.4.3.1 through 

803.4.3.3. Hydronic heating systems comprised of 

multiple-packaged boilers and designed to deliver 

conditioned water or steam into a common 

distribution system shall include automatic controls 

capable of sequencing operation of the boilers. 

Hydronic heating systems comprised of a single 

boiler and greater than 500,000 Btu/h input design 

capacity shall include either a multi-staged or 

modulating burner. 

803.4.11.1 Three-pipe system. Hydronic systems 

that use a common return system for both hot water 

and chilled water are prohibited. 

803.4.11.2 Two-pipe changeover system. Systems 

that use a common distribution system to supply both 

heated and chilled water shall be designed to allow a 

dead band between changeover from one mode to 

the other of at least 15°F (8.3°C) outside air 

temperatures; be designed to and provided with 

controls that will allow operation in one mode for at 

least 4 hours before changing over to the other mode; 

and be provided with controls that allow heating and 

cooling supply temperatures at the changeover point 

to be no more than 30°F (16.7°C) apart. 

803.4.11.3 Hydronic (water loop) heat pump 

systems. Hydronic heat pumps connected to a 

common heat pump water loop with central devices 

for heat rejection and heat addition shall have 

controls that are capable of providing a heat pump 

water supply temperature dead band of at least 

20%F (11.1%C) between initiation of heat rejection 

and heat addition by the central devices. For Climate 

Zones 3 through 8 as indicated in Table 301.1, if a 

closed-circuit cooling tower is used, either an 

automatic valve shall be installed to bypass all but a 

minimal flow of water around the tower, or lower 

leakage positive closure dampers shall be provided. If 

an open-circuit tower is used directly in the heat 

pump loop, an automatic valve shall be installed to 

bypass all heat pump water flow around the tower. If 

an open-circuit cooling tower is used in conjunction 

with a separate heat exchanger to isolate the cooling 

tower from the heat pump loop, then heat loss shall 

be controlled by shutting down the circulation pump 

on the cooling tower loop. Each hydronic heat pump 

on the hydronic system having a total pump system 

power exceeding 10 horsepower (hp) (7.5 kW) shall 

have a two-position valve. 

Exception: 

 Where a system loop temperature 

optimization controller is installed and can 

determine the most efficient operating 

temperature based on real time conditions of 

demand and capacity, dead bands of less 

than 20%F (∆11.1%C) shall be permitted. 

803.4.11.4 Part load controls. Hydronic systems 

greater than or equal to 300,000 Btu/h (87,930 W) in 

design output capacity supplying heated or chilled 

water to comfort conditioning systems shall include 

controls that have the capability to: 

1. Automatically reset the supply-water 

temperatures using zone-return water 

temperature, building-return water 

temperature, or outside air temperature as an 

indicator of building heating or cooling 

demand. The temperature shall be capable of 

being reset by at least 25 percent of the 

design supply-to-return water temperature 

difference; or 

2. Reduce system pump flow by at least 50 

percent of design flow rate utilizing adjustable 

speed drive(s) on pump(s), or multiple-staged 

pumps where at least one-half of the total 

pump horsepower is capable of being 

automatically turned off or control valves 

designed to modulate or step down, and 

close, as a function of load, or other 
Chapter 8, Page 32

approved means. 

803.4.11.5 Pump isolation. Chilled water plants 

including more than one chiller shall have the 

capability to reduce flow automatically through the 

chiller plant when a chiller is shut down. Chillers 

piped in series for the purpose of increased 

temperature differential, shall be considered as one 

chiller. 

Boiler plants including more than one boiler shall 

have the capability to reduce flow automatically 

through the boiler plant when a boiler is shut down. 

803.4.11.6 Heat rejection equipment fan speed 

control. Each fan powered by a motor of 7.5 hp (5.6 

kW) or larger shall have the capability to operate that 

fan at two-thirds of full speed or less, and shall have 

controls that automatically change the fan speed to 

control the leaving fluid temperature or condensing 

temperature/pressure of the heat rejection device. 

Exception: 

Factory-installed heat rejection devices within 

HVAC equipment tested and rated in 

accordance with Tables 803.2.3(6) through 

803.2.3(11). 

803.4.12 Requirements for complex mechanical 

systems serving multiple zones Sections 

803.4.5.1 through 803.4.5.3 shall apply to complex 

mechanical systems serving multiple zones. Supply 

air systems serving multiple zones shall be systems 

which, during periods of occupancy, are designed 

and capable of being controlled to reduce primary air 

supply to each zone to one of the following before 

reheating, recooling or mixing takes place: 

1. Thirty percent of the maximum supply air 

to each zone. 

2. Three hundred cfm (142 L/s) or less where 

the maximum flow rate is less than 10 

percent of the total fan system supply airflow 

rate. 

3. The minimum ventilation requirements of 

Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical 

Code. 

Exception: 

The following define when individual zones or 

when entire air distribution systems are 

exempted from the requirement for VAV 

control: 

1. Zones where special pressurization 

relationships or cross-contamination 

requirements are such that VAV systems are 

impractical. 

2. Zones or supply air systems where at least 

75 percent of the energy for reheating or for 

providing warm air in mixing systems is 

provided from a site-recovered or site-solar 

energy source. 

3. Zones where special humidity levels are 

required to satisfy process needs. 

4. Zones with a peak supply air quantity of 

300 cfm (142 L/s) or less and where the flow 

rate is less than 10 percent of the total fan 

system supply airflow rate. 

5. Zones where the volume of air to be 

reheated, recooled or mixed is no greater 

than the volume of outside air required to 

meet the minimum ventilation requirements 

of Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical 

Code. 

6. Zones or supply air systems with 

thermostatic and humidistatic controls 

capable of operating in sequence the supply 

of heating and cooling energy to the zone(s) 

and which are capable of preventing 

reheating, recooling, mixing or simultaneous 

supply of air that has been previously cooled, 

either mechanically or through the use of 

economizer systems, and air that has been 

previously mechanically heated. 

803.4.12.1 Single duct variable air volume (VAV) 

systems, terminal devices. Single duct VAV 

systems shall use terminal devices capable of 

reducing the supply of primary supply air before 

reheating or recooling takes place. 

803.4.12.2 Dual duct and mixing VAV systems, 

terminal devices. Systems that have one warm air 

duct and one cool air duct shall use terminal devices 

which are capable of reducing the flow from one duct 

to a minimum before mixing of air from the other duct 

takes place. 

803.4.12.3 Single fan dual duct and mixing VAV 

systems, economizers. Individual dual duct or 

mixing heating and cooling systems with a single fan 

and with total capacities greater than 90,000 Btu/h 

[(26 375 W) 7.5 tons] shall not be equipped with air 

economizers. 

803.4.12.4 Air transport energy. The energy 

demand of each HVAC fan system shall be limited as 

specified in Sections 803.4.12.4.1 and 803.4.12.4.2. 

For the purposes of determining allowable fan motor 

horsepower, maximum combined fan motor 
Chapter 8, Page 33

horsepower is the sum of the motor brake 

horsepower of all fans operating at design conditions, 

including supply fans, return/exhaust fans and fanpowered terminal units. 

Exceptions: 

1. Individual HVAC fan systems with total 

nameplate fan system motor horsepower of 

7.5 or less. 

2. Individual exhaust fans with nameplate fan 

horsepower of 1 hp or less. 

3. Induction/dilution exhaust fans used in 

hospitals and laboratories. 

4. Fan-powered, parallel airflow terminal units 

where the fan does not operate in cooling 

mode. 

803.4.12.4.1 Constant volume fan systems. For fan 

systems which provide a constant air volume 

whenever the fans are operating, the power required 

by the motors for the combined fan system at design 

conditions shall not exceed Formula CV-1 shown 

below. This requirement includes 2- speed motors. 

Formula CV-1 

BHP = Design Airflow (CFM)*4.3 4131 

Fan systems with filtration systems that have a 

pressure drop at design air flow in excess of 1” w.c. 

when the filters are clean heat recovery, or direct 

evaporative humidifier/cooler may use Formula CV-2: 

Formula CV-2 

BHP = CFM * (P.D. + 4.3) 4131 

where: 

BHP = the maximum combined fan brake motor 

horsepower. 

CFM = the maximum design supply air flow in cubic 

feet per minute. 

PD = the combined pressure drop at design air flow 

of all filtering systems in excess of 1” w.c. when the 

filters are clean plus the pressure drop of heat 

recovery and direct evaporative humidifier/cooler in 

inches water gauge. 

Exception: 

Hospital and laboratory fan systems that 

incorporate flow control devices for 

maintaining precise pressurization control 

may use Section 803.4.12.4.2. 

803.4.12.4.2 Variable air volume (VAV) fan 

systems. For fan systems which are able to vary 

system air volume automatically as a function of load, 

the power required by the motors for the combined 

fan system shall not exceed Formula VAV-1 shown 

below. 

Formula VAV-1 

BHP = Design Airflow (CFM) * 6.0 4131 

Fan systems with filtration systems that have a 

pressure drop at design air flow in excess of 1” w.c. 

when the filters are clean heat recovery, or direct 

evaporative humidifier/cooler may use Formula VAV2: 

Formula VAV-2 

BHP = CFM * (P.D. + 6.0)4131 

where: 

BHP =the maximum combined fan brake motor 

horsepower. 

CFM = the maximum design supply air flow in cubic 

feet per minute. 

PD = the combined pressure drop at design air flow 

of all filtering systems in excess of 1” w.c. when the 

filters are clean plus the pressure drop of heat 

recovery and direct evaporative humidifier/cooler in 

inches water gauge and additional pressure drops for 

hospitals and laboratories that have fully ducted 

return and/or exhaust systems or return and/or 

exhaust airflow control devices or high filtration as 

specified in the following table: 

ADDITIONAL PD FOR HOSPITALS AND 

LABORATORIES 

Measure Additional PD 

Fully ducted return and/or exhaust air systems 0.5 in 

w.c. 

Return and/or exhaust air flow control devices 0.5 in 

w.c. 

Filter systems of individual filter efficiency >85% 0.5 

in w.c. 

803.4.12.2.3 Selecting and sizing nameplate motor 

horsepower: Selected fan motor shall be no larger 

than the first available motor size greater than the 

brake horsepower. 

Exceptions: 

1. Constant volume fans: Where the first 

available motor larger than the brake 

horsepower has a nameplate rating within 

22% of the brake horsepower, the next larger 

nameplate motor size may be selected. 

2. Fans with variable speed: Where the motor 

is controlled by a variable speed drive and 
Chapter 8, Page 34

where the first available motor larger than the 

brake horsepower has a nameplate rating 

within 50% of the brake horsepower, the next 

larger nameplate motor size may be 

selected. 

803.4.13 Alternate fan power Calculation 

803.4.13.1 Fan System Power Limitation: Each 

HVAC system at fan system design conditions shall 

not exceed the allowable fan system motor 

nameplate hp [Option 1] or fan system bhp [Option 2] 

as shown in Table 803.4.1. 

The Motor Nameplate hp option is a simplified option 

that does not require complex engineering 

calculations. 

TABLE 803.4.1 Fan Power Limitation 

 Limit Constant Volume Variable Volume 

Option 1: Fan 

System Motor 

Nameplate hp 

Allowable 

Nameplate 

Motor hp 

hp≤ CFMS*0.0011 hp≤ CFMS*0.0015 

Option 2: Fan 

System bhp 

Allowable Fan 

System bhp bhp≤ CFMS * 0.00094 + A bhp≤ CFMS * 0.0013 + A 

where: 

CFMS = the maximum design supply fan air flow in cubic feet per minute 

hp = the maximum combined motor nameplate horsepower 

bhp = the maximum combined fan brake horsepower 

 A = Sum of [PD x CFMD / 4131] 

where: 

 PD = Each applicable pressure drop adjustment in inches of w.c. 

 CFMD = the design air flow through each applicable device in cubic feet per minute 

803.4.13.2 Series Fan Powered Terminal Systems. 

All series fan powered systems shall utilize option 2 

from Table 803.4.1. Equivalent brake horsepower for 

fan powered boxes shall be calculated using the 

following methods and added to the brake 

horsepower of the central system. Published ARI 

watts per CFM data will be converted to brake 

horsepower by multiplying the rated data by 0.90 

(typical central fan motor efficiency) and a correction 

factor (CF) for differences in operating profiles 

between central and terminal fans. ARI watts per cfm 

will be selected for the next rating point higher than 

the box operating point. 

803.4.13.2.1 Series BHP. Series bhp = ARI 

watts/cfm * central fan motor efficiency * CF 

where: 

 CF = 1.5 for constant speed fan powered 

boxes, 1.0 for fan powered boxes controlled to 

reduce flow to less than 60% of design flow during 

system ventilation and heating operation. 

Exceptions:

1. Hospital and Laboratory Systems 

that utilize flow control devices on 

exhaust and/or return for maintaining 

precise pressure control may use 

Variable Volume Fan Power 

Limitation. 

2. Individual exhaust fans with motor 

nameplate horsepower of 1 hp or 

less. 

3. Fans exhausting air from fume 

hoods. (Note: If this exception is 

taken, no related exhaust side credits 

shall be taken from Table 803.4.2 

and the Fume Exhaust Exception 

Deduction must be taken from Table 

803.4.2). 

4. Fan-powered, parallel airflow 

terminal units where the fan does not 

operate in cooling mode. 

5. Fans used only for emergency 

smoke control. 
Chapter 8, Page 35

6. Relief fans that run only during the 

economizer operation to relieve 

excess building pressure. 

TABLE 803.4.2 Fan Power Limitation Pressure Drop Adjustment 

 Device Adjustment 

Credits 

Fully ducted return and/or exhaust air systems 0.5 in w.c. (total credit per system) 

Return and/or exhaust air flow control devices 0.5 in w.c (total credit per system) 

Exhaust filters, scrubbers, or other exhaust 

treatment. 

The pressure drop of device calculated at design 

condition air velocity. 

Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 9 thru 12 0.5 in w.c. 

Particulate Filtration Cdit: MERV 13 thru 15 0.9 in w.c. 

Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 16 and 

greater 

Pressure drop calculated at 2x clean filter pressure 

drop at design condition air velocity. 

Carbon and Other Non-Loading Filters Clean filter pressure drop at design condition air 

velocity. 

Heat Recovery; Evaporative Humidifier/Cooler The pressure drop of device calculated at design 

condition air velocity. 

Sound Attenuation Section The pressure drop of device calculated at design 

condition air velocity. 

Deductions 

Fume Hood Exhaust Exception 

(required if 6.5.3.1.1 Exception (c) is taken) 

-1.0 in w.c. 

For dual duct dual fan systems, limitations apply to 

both heating and cooling fan system design 

conditions determined individually.

 

803.4.13.3 Motor Nameplate Horsepower: For 

each fan, the selected fan motor shall be no larger 

than the first available motor size greater than the 

brake horsepower. The fan brake horsepower must 

be indicated on the design documents to allow for 

compliance verification. 

Exceptions: 

1. For fans less than 6 bhp, where the first 

available motor larger than the brake 

horsepower has a nameplate rating within 

50% of the brake horsepower, the next larger 

nameplate motor size may be selected. 

2. For fans 6 bhp and larger, where the first 

available motor larger than the brake 

horsepower has a nameplate rating within 

30% of the brake horsepower, the next larger 

nameplate motor size may be selected. 

Table 803.4.3 Energy-efficient Electric Motors Nominal Full-Load Efficiency 

SYNCHRONOUS OPEN MOTORS ENCLOSED MOTORS 

SPEED (RPM) 3,000 1,800 1,200 3,600 1,800 1,200 

Horsepower Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency 

1 --- 82.5 80.0 75.5 82.5 80.0 

1.5 82.5 84.0 84.0 82.5 84.0 85.5 

2 84.0 84.0 85.5 84.0 84.0 86.5 

3 84.0 86.5 86.5 85.5 87.5 87.5 

5 85.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 

7.5 87.5 88.5 88.5 88.5 89.5 89.5 

10 88.5 89.5 90.2 89.5 89.5 89.5 

15 89.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 91.0 90.2 

20 90.2 91.0 91.0 90.2 91.0 90.2 

25 91.0 91.7 91.7 91.0 92.4 91.7 

30 91.0 92.4 92.4 91.0 92.4 91.7 

40 91.7 93.0 93.0 91.7 93.0 93.0 

50 92.4 93.0 93.0 92.4 93.0 93.0 

60 93.0 93.6 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.6 

75 93.0 94.1 93.6 93.0 94.1 93.6 

100 93.0 94.1 94.1 93.6 94.5 94.1 
Chapter 8, Page 36

125 93.6 94.5 94.1 94.5 94.5 94.1 

150 93.6 95.0 94.5 94.5 95.0 95.0 

200 94.5 95.0 94.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 

SECTION 804 

SERVICE WATER HEATING 

804.1 General. This section covers the minimum 

efficiency of, and controls for, service water-heating 

equipment and insulation of service hot water piping.

804.2 Service water-heating equipment 

performance efficiency. Water-heating equipment 

and hot water storage tanks shall meet the 

requirements of Table 804.2. The efficiency shall be 

verified through data furnished by the manufacturer 

or through certification under an approved 

certification program.

804.3 Temperature controls. Service water-heating 

equipment shall be provided with controls to allow a 

setpoint of 110°F (43°C) for equipment serving 

dwelling units and 90°F (32°C) for equipment serving 

other occupancies. The outlet temperature of 

lavatories in public facility rest rooms shall be limited 

to 110°F (43°C).

804.4 Heat traps. Water-heating equipment not 

supplied with integral heat traps and serving noncirculating systems shall be provided with heat traps 

on the supply and discharge piping associated with 

the equipment.

804.5 Pipe insulation. For automatic-circulating hot 

water systems, piping shall be insulated with 1 inch 

(25 mm) of insulation having a conductivity not 

exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h × ft2 × °F (1.53 W per 

25 mm/m2 × K). The first 8 feet (2438 mm) of piping in 

non-circulating systems shall be insulated with 1.0 

inch (12.7 mm) of material having a conductivity not 

exceeding 0.27 Btu per inch/h × ft2

 × °F (1.53 W 

per 25 mm/m2 × K). 

804.6 Hot water system controls. Automaticcirculating hot water system pumps or heat trace 

shall be arranged to be turned off automatically when 

the hot water system is not in operation. 

804.7 Heat recovery for service water heating. 

Condenser heat recovery shall be installed for 

heating or reheating of service hot water provided the 

facility operates 24 hours a day, the total installed 

heat capacity of water-cooled systems exceeds 

6,000,000 Btu/hr of heat rejection, and the design 

service water heating load exceeds 1,000,000 Btu/h. 

The required heat recovery system shall have the 

capacity to provide the smaller of: 

1. Sixty percent of the peak heat rejection 

load at design conditions; or 

2. The preheating required to raise the peak 

service hot water draw to 85°F (29°C). 

Exceptions:

1. Facilities that employ condenser heat 

recovery for space heating or reheat 

purposes with a heat recovery design 

exceeding 30 percent of the peak watercooled condenser load at design conditions. 

2. Facilities that provide 60 percent of their 

service water heating from site solar or site 

recovered energy or from other sources. 

804.8 Pools. Pools shall be provided with energy 

conserving measures in accordance with Sections 

804.8.1 through 804.8.4. 

804.8.1 Pool heaters. All pool heaters shall be 

equipped with a readily accessible on-off switch to 

allow shutting off the heater without adjusting the 

thermostat setting. Pool heaters fired by natural gas 

shall not have continuously burning pilot lights. 

804.8.2 Time switches. Time switches that can 

automatically turn off and on heaters and pumps 

according to a preset schedule shall be installed on 

swimming pool heaters and pumps. 

Exceptions:

1. Where public health standards require 24-

hour pump operation. 

2. Where pumps are required to operate 

solar-and waste-heat-recovery pool heating 

systems. 

804.8.3 Pool covers. Heated pools shall be 

equipped with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at 

the water surface. Pools heated to more than 90o

F 

(32o

C) shall have a pool cover with a minimum 

insulation value of R-12. 

804.8.4 Pool Heat recovery. Heated indoor 

swimming pools and Spas or Hot tubs over 200 

square feet in size shall provide for energy 

conservation by at least one of the following methods: 

1. The ventilating system shall provide a heat 

recovery of 70 percent at winter design 

conditions; 
Chapter 8, Page 37

2. Heat recovered through dehumidification 

shall be used to heat pool, spa or hot tub 

room supply air. 

Exception: Pools heated by renewable 

energy or waste heat recovery sources 

capable of providing at least 70 percent of 

the heating energy required over an 

operating season. 
Chapter 8, Page 38

Table 804.2: Minimum Performance Of Water Heating Equipment 

EQUIPMENT TYPE SIZE CATEGORY 

(input) 

SUBCATEGORY OR 

RATING CONDITION 

PERFORMANCE 

REQUIRED a, b TEST PROCEDURE 

Water heaters, 

Electric 

,.12W 

> 12W 

,. 24 amps and 

250 volts

Resistance 

Resistance 

Heat Pump 

0.97 - 0.00132V, EF 

1.73V + 155 SL, Btu/h 

0.93 - 0.00132V, EF 

DOE 10 CFR, Part 430 

ANSI Z21.10.3 

DOE 10 CFR, Part 430 

Storage water 

heaters, Gas 

,. 75,000 Btu/h 

> 75,000 Btu/h 

and 

,. 155,000 Btu/h 

> 155,000 Btu/h 

20 gal 

< 4,000 

Btu/h/gal 

< 4,000 

Btu/h/gal 

0.67 - 0.0019V, EF 

80%Et 

(Q/800 + 110.{V) SL, 

Btu/h 

80%E 

(Q/800 + 110.{V) SL, 

Btu/h 

DOE 10 CFR, Part 430 

ANSI Z21.10.3 

ANSI Z21.10.3 

Instantaneous water 

heaters, Gas 

> 50,000 Btu/h 

and 

< 200,000 Btu/hc 

200,000 

Btu/h 

> 200,000 Btu/h 

4,000 (Btu/h)/gal 

and < 2 gal 

4,000 (Btu/h)/gal 

and < 10 gal 

4,000 Btu/h/gal 

and 10 gal 

0.62 - 0.0019V EF 

80%Et 

80%Et 

(Q/800 + 110 .{V) SL, 

Btu/h 

DOE 10 CFR, Part 430 

ANSI Z21.10.3 

ANSI Z21.10.3 

Storage water 

heaters, Oil 

,. 105,000 Btu/h 

> 105,000 Btu/h 

20 gal 

< 4,000 Btu/h/gal 

0.59 - 0.0019V, EF 

78%E 

(Q/800 + 110 .{V) SL, 

Btu/h 

DOE 10 CFR, Part 430 

ANSI Z21.10.3 

Instantaneous water 

heaters, Oil 

,. 210,000 Btu/h 

> 210,000 Btu/h 

> 210,000 Btu/h 

4,000 Btu/h/gal and 

< 2 gal 

4,000 Btu/h/gal and 

< 10 gal 

4,000 Btu/h/gal and 

< 10 gal 

0.59 - 0.0019V, EF 

80%Et 

78%E 

(0/800 + 110 .{V) SL, 

Btu/h 

DOE 10 CFR, Part 430 

ANSI Z21.10.3 

ANSI Z21.10.3 
Chapter 8, Page 39

EQUIPMENT TYPE SIZE CATEGORY 

(input) 

SUBCATEGORY OR 

RATING CONDITION 

PERFORMANCE 

REQUIRED a, b TEST PROCEDURE 

Hot water supply 

boilers, Gas and Oil 300,000 Btu/h 

and < 12,500,000 

Btu/h 

4,000 Btu/h/gal and 

< 10 gal 

4,000 Btu/h/gal and 

10 gal 

80%Et 

80%Et 

(Q/800 +110.{V) SL, 

Btu/h

ANSI Z21.10.3 

Pool heaters, Gas 

and Oil All --- 78%Et ASHRAE 146 

Pool heaters, Heat 

Pump 

All --- 4.0 COP ARI 1160 

Unfired storage 

tanks All --- 

Minimum insulation 

requirement: R-12.5 

(h-ft2

 – °F)/Btu 

(none) 

For SI: °C = WF) - 32] /1.8 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 British thermal unit per hour per 

gallon = 0.078 W/L. 

a. Energy factor (EF) and thermal efficiency (Et) are minimum requirements. In the EF equation, V is the rated volume in gallons. 

b. Standby loss (SL) is the maximum Btu/h based on a nominal 70°F temperature difference between stored water and ambient 

requirements. In the SL equation, Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/h. In the SL equation for electric water heaters, V is the 

rated volume in gallons. In the SL equation for oil and gas water heaters and boilers, V is the rated volume in gallons. 

c. Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 200,000 Btu/h must comply with these requirements if the water heater is 

designed to heat water to temperatures 180°F or higher. 

SECTION 805 

ELECTRICAL POWER AND 

LIGHTING SYSTEMS 

805.1 General. This section covers lighting system 

controls, the connection of ballasts, the maximum 

lighting power for interior and exterior applications, 

and the minimum acceptable lighting equipment.

805.2 Lighting controls. Lighting systems shall be 

provided with controls as required in Sections 

805.2.1, 805.2.2, 805.2.3 and 805.2.4.

805.2.1 Interior lighting controls. Each space, 

enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, shall be 

provided with lighting controls located within that 

space. The lighting controls, whether one or more, 

shall be capable of turning off all lights within the 

space. The controls shall be readily accessible, at the 

point of entry/exit, to personnel occupying or using 

the space. 

Exceptions: The following lighting controls may 

be centralized in remote locations: 

1. Lighting controls for spaces which must be 

used as a whole. 

2. Controls requiring trained operators. 

3. Areas designated as security or emergency 

areas that must be continuously lighted. 

4. Lighting in stairways or corridors that are 

elements of the means of egress. 

805.2.1.1 Control Zone Size: The maximum lighting 

power that may be controlled from a single switch or 

automatic control shall not exceed that which is 

provided by a 20 ampere circuit loaded to not more 

than 80%. A master control may be installed provided 

the individual switches retain their capability to 

function independently. Circuit breakers may not be 

used as the sole means of switching. 

Exceptions: 

1. Industrial or manufacturing process areas, 

as may be required for production. 

2. Areas less than 5% of the building footprint 

for footprints over 100,000 ft2. 

805.2.1 Interior lighting controls. Each space, 

enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, shall be 

provided with lighting controls located within that 

space. The maximum lighting power that may be 

controlled from a single switch or automatic control 
Chapter 8, Page 40

shall not exceed that which is provided by a 20 

ampere circuit loaded to not more than 80%. 

The lighting controls, whether one or more, shall be 

capable of turning off all lights within the space. The 

controls shall be readily accessible, at the point of 

entry/exit, to personnel occupying or using the space. 

A master control may be installed provided the 

individual switches retain their capability to function 

independently. Circuit breakers may not be used as 

the sole means of switching. 

The following lighting controls may be centralized in 

remote locations: 

1. Lighting controls for spaces which must be 

used as a whole. 

2. Controls requiring trained operators. 

3. Lighting in stairways or corridors that are 

elements of the means of egress. 

Exceptions: 

1. Industrial or manufacturing process areas, 

as may be required for production. 

2. Areas designated as security or 

emergency areas that must be continuously 

lighted. 

3. Areas less than 5% of the building footprint 

for footprints over 100,000 ft2. 

805.2.1.2 Daylight Zone Control: All daylit zones, 

both under overhead glazing and adjacent to vertical 

glazing, shall be provided with individual controls, or 

daylight- or occupant-sensing automatic controls, 

which control the lights independent of general area 

lighting. 

Contiguous daylight zones adjacent to vertical glazing 

are allowed to be controlled by a single controlling 

device provided that they do not include zones facing 

more than two adjacent cardinal orientations (i.e. 

north, east, south, and west). Daylight zones under 

overhead glazing more than 15 feet from the 

perimeter shall be controlled separately from daylight 

zones adjacent to vertical glazing. 

Exception: 

Daylight spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling 

height partitions and containing 2 or fewer light 

fixtures are not required to have a separate 

switch for general area lighting Industrial or 

manufacturing process areas, as may be 

required for production. 

805.2.2 Additional controls. Each area that is 

required to have a manual control shall have 

additional controls that meet the requirements of 

Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2. 

805.2.2.1 Light reduction controls. Each area that 

is required to have a manual control shall also allow 

the occupant to reduce the connected lighting load in 

a reasonably uniform illumination pattern by at least 

50 percent. Lighting reduction shall be achieved by 

one of the following or other approved method: 

1. Controlling all lamps or luminaires; 

2. Dual switching of alternate rows of 

luminaires, alternate luminaires or alternate 

lamps; 

3. Switching the middle lamp luminaires 

independently of the outer lamps; or 

4. Switching each luminaire or each lamp. 

Exceptions:

1. Areas that have only one luminaire. 

2. Areas that are controlled by an occupantsensing device. 

3. Corridors, storerooms, restrooms or public 

lobbies. 

4. Guestrooms (see Section 805.2.3). 

5. Spaces that use less than 0.6 watts per 

square foot (6.5 W/m2

). 

805.2.2.2 Automatic lighting shutoff. Buildings 

larger than 5,000 square feet (465 m2

) and office 

occupancies over 2000 square feet of contiguous 

area shall be equipped with an automatic control 

device to shut off lighting in those areas. Automatic 

controls shall be an occupancy sensor, time switch or 

other device capable of automatically shutting off lighting 

that complies with Section 805.2.2.2.1. 

Offices less than 300 square feet (27.9 m2), meeting and 

conference rooms, and school classrooms shall be 

equipped with occupancy sensors that comply with 

Section 805.2.2.2.1. 

Exceptions: 

1. Emergency and pathway lights as required by code. 

2. Where the system is serving an area that must be 

continuously lit. 

3. Display and accent lighting, including plug–in, track 

and display case lighting, shall be separately controlled. 

4. Switching for industrial or manufacturing process 

facilities as may be required for production. 

5. Hospitals and laboratory spaces. 

6. Areas in which medical or dental tasks are performed. 

7. Mechanical and electrical equipment rooms. 

805.2.2.2.1 Occupancy sensors. Occupancy sensors 

shall be capable of automatically turning off all the lights 

in an area, no more than 30 minutes after the area has 
Chapter 8, Page 41

been vacated. Lighting fixtures controlled by occupancy 

sensors shall have a wall-mounted, manual switch 

capable of turning on and off lights when the space is 

occupied. 

805.2.2.2.2 Automatic time switches. Automatic time 

switches shall have a minimum 7-day clock and be 

capable of being set for 7 different day types per week. 

Automatic time switches shall also have program backup capabilities, which prevent the loss of program and 

time settings for at least 10 hours, if power is 

interrupted. 

Automatic time switches shall incorporate an over-ride 

switching device that: 

1. Is readily accessible, 

2. Is located so that a person using the device can see 

the effects of the control, 

3. Is manually operated, 

4. Allows the lighting to remain on for no more than 2 

hours when an over-ride is initiated, and 

5. Controls an area not exceeding 2,000 ft2 (186 m2).

 Exception: Guestrooms (see Section 805.2.3). 

a. Lighting in spaces where patient care is directly 

provided. 

b. Spaces where an automatic shutoff would 

endanger occupant safety or security. 

In malls and arcades, auditoriums, single-tenant retail 

spaces, industrial facilities and arenas, where 

captive-key override is utilized, override time may 

exceed 2 hours. In these spaces the area controlled 

may not exceed 20,000 square feet (1860 m2). 

805.2.2.2.2.1 Holiday scheduling. If an automatic 

time switch control device is installed in accordance 

with Section 805.2.2.2, Item 1, it shall incorporate an 

automatic holiday scheduling feature that turns off all 

loads for at least 24 hours, and then resumes the 

normally scheduled operation. 

Exception: 

Retail stores and associated malls, 

restaurants, grocery stores, churches and 

theaters do not need to meet this holiday 

scheduling requirement. 

805.2.3 Guestrooms. Guestrooms in hotels, motels, 

boarding houses or similar buildings shall have at 

least one master switch at the main entry door that 

controls all permanently wired luminaires and 

switched receptacles, except those in the 

bathroom(s). Suites shall have a control meeting 

these requirements at the entry to each room or at 

the primary entry to the suite. 

805.2.4 Exterior Lighting Controls. Lighting for all 

exterior applications, including signs, shall be capable 

of being automatically switched off during daylight 

hours and non-use nighttime hours by either a 

combination of timer and photocell, or a timer with 

astronomic control. Astronomical time switches shall 

be capable of retaining programming and the time 

setting during loss of power for a period of at least 10 

hours. 

Exception: 

Lighting for covered vehicle entrances or 

exits from buildings or parking structures 

where required for safety, security, or eye 

adaptation. 

805.2.5 Commissioning Requirements. For lighting 

controls which include daylight or occupant sensing 

automatic controls, automatic shut-off controls, 

occupancy sensors, or automatic time switches, the 

lighting controls shall be tested to ensure that control 

devices, components, equipment and systems are 

calibrated, adjusted and operate in accordance with 

approved plans and specifications. Sequences of 

operation shall be functionally tested to ensure they 

operate in accordance with approved plans and 

specifications. A complete report of test procedures 

and results shall be prepared and filed with the 

owner. Drawing notes shall require commissioning in 

accordance with this paragraph. 

805.3 Tandem wiring. The following luminaires 

located within the same area shall be tandem wired: 

1. Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or 

odd-numbered lamp configurations, that are recessmounted within 10 feet (3048 mm) center-to-center of 

each other. 

2. Fluorescent luminaires equipped with one, three or 

any other odd-numbered lamp configuration, that are 

pendant- or surface-mounted within 1 foot (305 mm) 

edge-to-edge of each other. 

Exceptions:

1. Where electronic high-frequency ballasts are 

used. 

2. Luminaires on emergency circuits. 

3. Luminaires with no available pair in the 

same area. 

805.4 Exit signs. Internally illuminated exit signs 

shall not exceed 5 Watts per side.

805.5 Interior lighting power requirements. A 

building complies with this section if its total 

connected lighting power calculated under Section 
Chapter 8, Page 42

805.5.1 is no greater than the interior lighting power 

calculated under Section 805.5.2.

805.5.1 Total connected interior lighting power.

The total connected interior lighting power (Watts) 

shall be the sum of the watts of all interior lighting 

equipment as determined in accordance with 

Sections 805.5.1.1 through 805.5.1.4.

Exceptions: The connected power associated 

with the following lighting equipment is not 

included in calculating total connected lighting 

power. 

1. Specialized medical, dental and research 

lighting. 

2. Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, 

museums and monuments. 

3. Emergency lighting automatically off during 

normal building operation. 

805.5.1.1 Screw lamp holders. The wattage shall be 

the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire. 

805.5.1.2 Low-voltage lighting. The wattage shall 

be the specified wattage of the transformer supplying 

the system. 

805.5.1.3 Other luminaires. The wattage of all other 

lighting equipment shall be the wattage of the lighting 

equipment verified through data furnished by the 

manufacturer or other approved sources. 

805.5.1.4 Line-voltage lighting track and plug-in 

busway. The wattage shall be the greater of the 

wattage of the luminaires determined in accordance 

with Sections 805.5.1.1 through 805.5.1.3 or 50 

W/linear foot (98W/lin m). 

805.5.2 Interior Lighting Power. The total interior 

lighting power (Watts) is the sum of all interior lighting 

powers for all areas in the building covered in this 

permit. The interior lighting power is the floor area for 

each building area type listed in Table 805.5.2 times 

the value from Table 805.5.2 for that area. For the 

purposes of this method, an “area” shall be defined 

as all contiguous spaces that accommodate or are 

associated with a single area type as listed in Table 

805.5.2. When this method is used to calculate the 

total interior lighting power for an entire building, each 

building area type shall be treated as a separate 

area. 

805.6 Exterior lighting. When the power for exterior 

lighting is supplied through the energy service to the 

building, all exterior lighting, other than low-voltage 

landscape lighting, shall comply with Sections 

805.6.1 and 806.6.2. 

Exception: Where approved because of 

historical, safety, signage or emergency 

considerations. 

805.6.1 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting. All 

exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at 

greater than 100 watts shall contain lamps having a 

minimum efficacy of 60 lumens per watt unless the 

luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor or qualifies 

for one of the exceptions under Section 805.6.2. 

805.6.2 Exterior Building Lighting Power. The total 

exterior lighting power allowance for all exterior 

building applications is the sum of the individual 

lighting power allowances based on the densities 

permitted in Table 805.6.2 for these applications plus 

an additional unrestricted allowance of 5% of that 

sum. Tradeoffs are allowed only among exterior 

lighting applications listed in the Table 805.6.2 

Tradable Surfaces section. Exterior lighting for all 

applications (except those included in the exceptions 

to Section 805.6.2) shall comply with the 

requirements of Section 805.6.1. 

Exceptions: Lighting used for the following 

exterior applications is exempt when equipped 

with a control device independent of the control of 

the non-exempt lighting: 

a. specialized signal, directional, and marker 

lighting associated with transportation; 

b. advertising signage or directional signage; 

c. integral to equipment or instrumentation and 

is installed by its manufacturer; 

d. theatrical purposes, including performance, 

stage, film production and video production; 

e. athletic playing areas; 

f. temporary lighting; 

g. industrial production, material handling, 

transportation sites, and associated storage 

areas; 

h. theme elements in theme/amusement parks; 

and 

I. used to highlight features of public 

monuments and registered historic landmark 

structures or buildings.

805.7 Electrical energy consumption. In buildings 

having individual dwelling units, provisions shall be 

made to determine the electrical energy consumed by 

each tenant by separately metering individual 

dwelling units. 
Chapter 8, Page 43

TABLE 805.5.2 

INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES 

Building Area Type a

 (W/ft2) 

Automotive Facility 0.9 

Convention Center 1.2 

Court House 1.2 

Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 1.4 

Dining: All Other 1.0 

Dormitory 1.0 

Exercise Center 1.0 

Gymnasium/Auditorium 1.0 

Healthcare-Clinic 1.0 

Hospital/Nursing Home 1.2 

Hotel, Common 1.0 

Library 1.3 

Manufacturing Facility 1.3 

Motel 1.0 

Motion Picture Theater 1.0 

Multi-Family, Common Area 0.7 

Museum 1.1 

Office 1.0 

Penitentiary 1.0 

Performing Arts Theater 1.0 

Police Station 1.0 

Fire Station 0.8 

Post Office 1.1 

Religious Building 1.0 

Retail b 1.5 

School/University 1.1 

Sports Arena 1.0 

Transportation Terminals 1.0 

Warehouse 0.8 

Workshop 1.4 

TABLE 805.6.2 

 Lighting Power Densities for Building Exteriors 

Uncovered Parking Areas 

Uncovered Parking Lots and drives 0.15W/ft2 

Building Grounds 

Walkways less than 10 feet wide 1.0W/linear foot 

Walkways 10 feet wide or greater 0.2W/sf 

Plaza areas 0.2W/ft2 

Tradable Surfaces 

(Lighting power 

densities for 

uncovered parking 

areas, building 

grounds, building 

entrances and exits, 

canopies and 

overhangs and 

outdoor sales areas 

may be traded.) Special Feature Areas 1.0 W/ft2
Chapter 8, Page 44

Stairways 1.0 W/ft2 

Building Entrances and Exits 

Main entries 30 W/linear foot of door width 

Other doors 20 W/linear foot of door width 

Canopies and Overhangs 

Sales Canopies (free standing, attached and 

overhangs) 

Non-sales Canopies 

1.00W/ft2 

0.2W/ft2 

Outdoor Sales 

Open areas (including vehicle sales lots) 0.5W/ft2 

Building Facades 0.15 W/ft2 for each illuminated wall or 

surface or 5.0 W/linear foot for each 

illuminated wall or surface length 

Automated teller machines and night depositories 270 W per location plus 90 W per 

additional ATM per location 

Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at 

guarded facilities 

1.25 W/ft2of uncovered area (covered 

areas are included in the “Canopies and 

Overhangs” section of “Tradable 

Surfaces”) 

Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, 

ambulance and other emergency service vehicles 

0.5 W/ft2of uncovered area (covered 

areas are included in the “Canopies and 

Overhangs” section of “Tradable 

Surfaces”) 

Covered Parking, Garages 0.2 W/ft2

Non-Tradable 

Surfaces (Lighting 

power density 

calculations for the 

following applications 

can be used only for 

the specific 

application and cannot be traded 

between surfaces or 

with other exterior 

lighting. The 

following allowances 

are in addition to any 

allowance otherwise 

permitted in the 

“tradable Surfaces” 

section of this table.) 

a

 In cases where both a general building area type and a more specific building area type are listed, the more specific 

building area type shall apply. 

b

 Where lighting equipment is specified to be installed to highlight specific merchandise in addition to lighting 

equipment specified for general lighting and is switched or dimmed on circuits different from the circuits for general 

lighting, and fixtures swivel in 2 dimensions, the smaller of the actual wattage of the lighting equipment installed 

specifically for merchandise, or 1.5 W/ft2 times the area of the specific display but not to exceed 50% of the floor 

area, shall be added to the interior lighting power determined in accordance with this line item.
Chapter 8, Page 45

SECTION 806 

NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DESIGN BY 

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 

806.1 Scope 

806.1.1 General: This Section establishes design 

criteria in terms of total energy consumption of a 

building, including all of its systems. General 

principles and requirements are outlined in Section 

806.2. Specific modeling assumptions are listed in 

Section 806.3. 

806.1.2 Application: Due to the various assumptions 

that are necessary, the results of the analysis shall not 

be construed as a guarantee of the actual energy 

performance of the project. 

806.2 General Principles and Requirements 

806.2.1 Energy Analysis: Compliance with this 

Standard will require an analysis of the annual energy 

usage, hereinafter called an annual energy analysis. 

 A building designed in accordance with this 

Standard will be deemed as complying, if: 

1. The calculated annual energy consumption is 

not greater than that of a corresponding 

“standard design,” as defined below and in 

Section 806.3; and, 

2. Whose enclosure elements and energyconsuming systems comply with Sections 801 

through 805. Buildings shall only vary from 

those requirements in Sections 802.2, 802.3, 

803.2.2, 803.2.3, 803.2.5, 803.2.6, 803.4, 

805.5 and 805.6 where those variations have 

been accurately and completely modeled. 

Where variations are not specifically analyzed, 

the building shall comply with these 

requirements. 

 For a proposed building design to be considered 

similar to a “standard design,” it shall utilize the same 

energy source(s) for the same functions and have 

equal floor area and the same ratio of envelope area 

to floor area, environmental requirements, occupancy, 

climate data and usage operational schedule. Inputs 

to the energy analysis relating to occupancy and 

usage shall correspond to the expected occupancy 

and usage of the building. 

 Except as noted below, the systems identified, and, 

to the extent possible, the assumptions made in 

assigning energy inputs to each system, shall be the 

same for the standard design and the proposed 

design. When electrically driven heat pumps, other 

than multiple units connected to a common water 

loop, are employed to provide all or part of the heat for 

the proposed design, the standard design shall also, 

for the purposes of the analysis, assume that an 

electrically driven heat pump, in conformance with 

Section 803 and having capacity at least as great as 

those used in the proposed design are employed. 

806.2.2 Design: The standard design and the 

proposed design shall be designed on a common 

basis as specified herein: 

a. The comparison shall be expressed as kBtu input 

per square foot of conditioned floor area per year at 

the building site. For buildings which use electricity as 

the only fuel source, comparisons may be expressed 

in kWh. When converting electricity in kWh to kBtu a 

multiplier of 3.413 kWh/kBtu shall be used. 

b. If the proposed design results in an increase in 

consumption of one energy source and a decrease in 

another energy source, even though similar sources 

are used for similar purposes, the difference in each 

energy source shall be converted to equivalent energy 

units for purposes of comparing the total energy used. 

806.2.3 Analysis Procedure: The analysis of the 

annual energy usage of the standard and the 

proposed building and system design shall meet the 

following criteria: 

a. The building heating/cooling load calculation 

procedure used for annual energy consumption 

analysis shall be detailed to permit the evaluation of 

effect of factors specified in Section 806.2.4. 

The calculation procedure used to simulate the 

operation of the building and its service systems 

through a full-year operating period shall be detailed 

to permit the evaluation of the effect of system design, 

climatic factors, operational characteristics and 

mechanical equipment on annual energy usage. 

Manufacturer’s data or comparable field test data shall 

be used when available in the simulation of systems 

and equipment. The calculation procedure shall be 

based upon 8,760 hours of operation of the building 

and its service systems and shall utilize simulation 

programs listed in section 806.4. 

806.2.4 Calculation Procedure: The calculation 

procedure shall cover the following items: 

a. Design requirements: Design heating conditions 

and design cooling conditions as defined in Chapter 2. 

b. Climatic data: Coincident hourly data for 

temperatures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of 

typical days in the year representing seasonal 

variation. 

c. Building data: Orientation, size, shape, mass, air 

and heat transfer characteristics. 

d. Operational characteristics: Temperature, 

humidity, ventilation, illumination and control mode for 

occupied and unoccupied hours. 

e. Mechanical equipment: Design capacity and part 

load profile. 

f. Building loads: Internal heat generation, lighting, 

equipment and number of people during occupied and 

unoccupied periods. 
Chapter 8, Page 46

806.2.5 Documentation: All analyses submitted shall 

be accompanied by an energy analysis comparison 

report. The report shall provide technical detail on the 

standard and proposed building and system designs, 

and on the data used in and resulting from the 

comparative analysis in order to verify that both the 

analysis and the designs meet the criteria of Section 

806.1. 

 The calculation procedure for the standard design 

and the proposed design shall separately identify the 

calculated annual energy consumption for each 

different occupancy type, if possible, for each of the 

following end uses: 

a. Interior lighting; g. Parking ventilation/fans; 

b. Parking lighting; h. Exhaust fans; 

c. Exterior lighting; i. Service water hearing; 

d. Space heating; j. Elevators; and 

e. Space cooling; k. Appliances. 

f. Interior ventilation/fans; 

 Energy consumption of the following items shall be 

included but is not required to be separated out by 

each individual item: 

a. Office equipment; 

b. Refrigeration other than comfort cooling; 

c. Cooking; and 

d. Any other energy-consuming equipment. 

 The specifications of the proposed building project 

used in the analysis shall be as similar as is 

reasonably practical to those in the plans submitted 

for a building permit. 

806.3 Specific Modeling Assumptions: 

806.3.1 General: The specific modeling assumptions 

consist of methods and assumptions for calculating 

the standard energy consumption for the standard 

building and the proposed energy consumption of the 

proposed design. In order to maintain consistency 

between the standard and the proposed design 

energy consumptions, the input assumptions in this 

section shall be used. 

 “Prescribed” assumptions shall be used without 

variation. “Default” assumptions shall be used unless 

the designer can demonstrate that a different 

assumption better characterizes the building’s use 

over its expected life. Any modification of a default 

assumption shall be used in modeling both the 

standard building and the proposed design unless the 

designer demonstrates a clear cause to do otherwise. 

806.3.2 Orientation, Shape and Internal Loads: 

The standard building shall consist of the same 

number of stories and gross floor area for each story 

as the proposed design. Each floor shall be oriented 

exactly as the proposed design. The geometric form 

shall be the same as the proposed design. Internal 

loads shall be modeled as follows. These guidelines 

are not intended as requirements or recommendations 

for systems to be used in the proposed building or for 

the calculation of the proposed energy consumption. 

806.3.2.1 Occupancy: Occupancy schedules shall 

be default assumptions. The same assumptions shall 

be made in computing proposed energy consumption 

as were used in calculating the standard energy 

consumption. Occupancy levels vary by building type 

and time of day. Table 806.3.1 establishes the 

density presented as ft2

/person of conditioned floor 

area that will be used by each building type. Tables 

806.3.2 establish the percentage of the people that 

are in the building by hours of the day for each 

building type. 

806.3.2.2 Lighting: The interior and exterior lighting 

power allowance for calculating the standard energy 

consumption shall be determined from Sections 805.5 

and 805.6. The lighting power used to calculate the 

proposed energy consumption shall be the actual 

lighting power of the proposed lighting design. 

Exempt lighting in the standard design shall be equal 

to the exempt lighting in the proposed design. 

 Lighting levels in buildings vary based on the type of 

uses within buildings, by area and by time of day. 

Table 806.3.2 contains the lighting energy profiles 

which establish the percentage of the lighting load that 

is switched ON in each prototype or reference building 

by hour of the day. These profiles are default 

assumptions and can be changed if required when 

calculating the standard energy consumption to 

provide, for example, a 12-hour rather than an 8-hour 

work day or to reflect the use of automatic lighting 

controls. The lighting schedules used in the standard 

and proposed designs shall be identical and shall 

reflect the type of controls to be installed in the 

proposed design. The controls in the proposed 

design shall comply with the requirements in Section 

805.2 and no credit shall be given for the use of any 

additional controls, automatic or otherwise. 

806.3.2.3 Receptacle: Receptacle loads and profiles 

are default assumptions. The same assumptions 

shall be made in calculating proposed energy 

consumption as were used in calculating the standard 

energy consumption. Receptacle loads include all 

general service loads that are typical in a building. 

These loads should include additional process 

electrical usage but exclude HVAC primary or 

auxiliary electrical usage. Table 806.3.1 establishes 

the density in W/ft2

 to be used. The receptacle energy 

profiles shall be the same as the lighting energy 

profiles in Tables 806.3.2. This profile establishes the 

percentage of the receptacle load that is switched ON 

by hour of the day and by building type. 

806.3.3 Envelope 

806.3.3.1 Insulation and Glazing: Glazing area and 

U-factor of the standard building envelope shall be 

determined by using Table 802.2 and Section 802.2.2. 

The insulation characteristics and glazing area are 

prescribed assumptions for the standard building for 

calculating the standard energy consumption. In the 

calculation of the proposed energy consumption of the 
Chapter 8, Page 47

proposed design, the envelope characteristics of the 

proposed design shall be used. The standard design 

shall use the maximum glazing areas listed in Table 

802.2 for the appropriate use. 

 The distribution of vertical glazing in the gross wall 

area of the standard design shall be equal to the 

distribution of vertical glazing in the proposed design 

or shall constitute an equal percentage of gross wall 

area on all sides of the standard building. The 

distribution of overhead glazing in the gross 

roof/ceiling area of the standard design shall be equal 

to the distribution of overhead glazing in the proposed 

design. The distribution of doors in the gross opaque 

wall area of the standard design shall be identical to 

the distribution of doors in the proposed design. 

806.3.3.2 Infiltration: For standard and proposed 

buildings, infiltration assumptions shall be equal. 

806.3.3.3 Envelope and Ground Absorptivities: 

For the standard building, absorptivity assumptions 

shall be default assumptions for computing the 

standard energy consumption and default 

assumptions for computing the proposed energy 

consumption. The solar absorptivity of opaque 

elements of the building envelope shall be assumed to 

be 70%. The solar absorptivity of ground surfaces 

shall be assumed to be 80% (20% reflectivity). 

806.3.3.4 Window Treatment: No draperies or blinds 

shall be modeled for the standard or proposed 

building. 

806.3.3.5 Shading: For the standard building and the 

proposed design, shading by permanent structures 

and terrain shall be taken into account for computing 

energy consumption whether or not these features are 

located on the building site. A permanent fixture is 

one that is likely to remain for the life of the proposed 

design. Credit may be taken for external shading 

devices that are part of the proposed design. 

806.3.4 HVAC Systems and Equipment: For the 

standard building, the HVAC system used shall be the 

system type used in the proposed design. If the 

proposed HVAC system type does not comply with 

Section 803, the standard design system shall comply 

in all respects with that section. 

EXCEPTION: A prototype HVAC system may be 

used as a standard design if the proposed design 

system cannot be modified to comply with Section 

803. Use of prototype HVAC systems shall only be 

permitted for the building types listed below. For 

mixed-use buildings, the floor space of each building 

type is allocated within the floor space of the standard 

building. The specifications and requirements for the 

HVAC systems of prototype buildings shall be those 

in Table 806.3.3. 

1. assembly 6. restaurant 

2. health/institutional 7. retail (mercantile) 

3. hotel/motel 8. school (educational) 

4. light manufacturing 9. warehouse (storage) 

5. office (business) 

806.3.4.1 HVAC Zones: HVAC zones for calculating 

the standard energy consumption and proposed 

energy consumption shall consist of at least four 

perimeter zones and one interior zone per floor, with 

at least one perimeter zone facing each orientation. 

The perimeter zones shall be 15 feet in width or onethird the narrow dimension of the building when this 

dimension is between 30 and 45 feet inclusive, or half 

the narrow dimension of the building when this 

dimension is less than 30 feet. 

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Building types such as 

assembly or warehouse may be modeled as a single 

zone if there is only one space. 

2. Thermally similar zones, such as those facing 

one orientation on different floors, may be grouped 

together for the standard and/or proposed building 

simulation. 

806.3.4.2 Process Equipment Sizing: Process 

sensible and latent loads shall be equal in calculating 

both the standard energy consumption and the 

proposed energy consumption. The designer shall 

document the installation of process equipment and 

the size of process loads. 

806.3.4.3 HVAC Equipment Sizing: The equipment 

shall be sized to include the capacity to meet the 

process loads. For calculating the proposed energy 

consumption, actual air flow rates and installed 

equipment size shall be used in the simulation. 

Equipment sizing in the simulation of the proposed 

design shall correspond to the equipment intended to 

be selected for the design and the designer shall not 

use equipment sized automatically by the simulation 

tool. 

 Equipment sizing for the standard design shall be 

based on the same as the proposed design or lesser 

sizing ratio of installed system capacity to the design 

load for heating and for cooling. 

 Chilled water systems for the standard building shall 

be modeled using a reciprocating chiller for systems 

with total cooling capacities less than 175 tons, and 

centrifugal chillers for systems with cooling capacities 

of 175 tons or greater. For systems with cooling 

capacities of 600 tons or more, the standard energy 

consumption shall be calculated using two centrifugal 

chillers, lead/lag controlled. Chilled water shall be 

assumed to be controlled at a constant 44°F 

temperature rise, from 44°F to 56°F, operating at 65% 

combined impeller and motor efficiency. Condenser 

water pumps shall be sized using a 10°F temperature 

rise, operating at 60% combined impeller and motor 

efficiency. The cooling tower shall be an open circuit, 

centrifugal blower type sized for the larger of 85°F 

leaving water temperature or 10°F approach to design 

wet bulb temperature. The tower shall be controlled to 

provide a 65°F leaving water temperature whenever 

weather conditions permit, floating up to design 

leaving water temperature at design conditions. 
Chapter 8, Page 48

806.3.4.4 Fans: The power of the combined fan 

system per air volume at design conditions (w/cfm) of 

the proposed design shall be equal to that of the 

standard design. 

 Variable air volume fan systems in the standard 

building shall be variable speed. 

806.3.5 Service Water Heating: The service water 

heating loads for prototype buildings are defined in 

terms of Btu/person-hour in Table 806.3.1. The 

values in the table refer to energy content of the 

heated water. The service water heating loads from 

Table 806.3.1 are default for all buildings. The same 

service-water-heating load assumptions shall be 

made in calculating proposed energy consumption as 

were used in calculating the standard energy 

consumption. The service water heating system for 

the standard building shall be modeled based on a 

design in accordance with ASHRAE HVAC 

Applications Handbook and meeting all the 

requirements of Section 804. 

806.3.6 Controls 

806.3.6.1: All occupied conditioned spaces in 

standard and proposed design buildings in all climates 

shall be simulated as being both heated and cooled. 

EXCEPTIONS: 1. If a building or portion of a 

building is to be provided with only heating or cooling, 

both the standard building and the proposed design 

shall be simulated using the same assumptions. 

2. If warehouses are not intended to be 

mechanically cooled, both the standard and proposed 

energy consumption shall be modeled assuming no 

mechanical cooling. 

806.3.6.2: Space temperature controls for the 

standard building shall be set at 70°F for space 

heating and 75°F for space cooling, with a dead band 

in accordance with Section 803.2.5. The system shall 

be OFF during off-hours according to the appropriate 

schedule in Tables 806.3.2, except that the heating 

system shall cycle ON if any space should drop below 

the night setback setting of 55°F. There shall be no 

similar set point during the cooling season. Lesser 

dead band ranges may be used in calculating the 

proposed energy consumption. 

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Setback shall not be modeled in 

determining either the standard or proposed energy 

consumption if setback is not realistic for the 

proposed design, such as a facility being operated 24 

hours/day. For instance, health facilities need not 

have night setback during the heating season. 

2. If dead band controls are not to be installed, the 

proposed energy consumption shall be calculated 

with both heating and cooling thermostat set points 

set to the same value between 70°F and 75°F 

inclusive, assumed to be constant for the year. 

806.3.6.3: When providing for outdoor air ventilation 

to calculate the standard energy consumption, 

controls shall be assumed to close the outside air 

intake to reduce the flow of outside air to 0.0 CFM 

during “setback” and “unoccupied” periods. 

Ventilation using inside air may still be required to 

maintain scheduled setback temperature. Outside air 

ventilation, during occupied periods, shall be as 

required by ASHRAE Standard 62-2004. 

806.3.6.4: If humidification is to be used in the 

proposed design, the same level of humidification and 

system type shall be used in the standard building. 

806.3.6.5: There shall be no credit in the proposed 

design for control of parking garage ventilation. 
Chapter 8, Page 49

TABLE 806.3.1 

Acceptable Occupancy Densities, Receptacle Power Densities 

and Service Hot Water Consumption1

Building Type 

Occupancy Density2 

Sq.Ft./Person 

(Btu/h . ft2) 

Receptacle 

Power Density3

Watts/Sq.Ft. 

(Btu/h . ft2) 

Service Hot Water 

Quantities4

Btu/h . Person 

Assembly 50 (4.60) 0.25 (0.85) 215 

Health/Institutional 200 (1.15) 1.00 (3.41) 135 

Hotel/Motel 250 (0.92) 0.25 (0.85) 1,110 

Light Manufacturing 750 (0.31) 0.20 (0.68) 225 

Office 275 (0.84) 0.75 (2.56) 175 

Parking Garage NA NA NA 

Restaurant 100 (2.30) 0.10 (0.34) 390 

Retail 300 (0.77) 0.25 (0.85) 135 

School 75 (3.07) 0.50 (1.71) 215 

Warehouse 15,000 (0.02) 0.10 (0.34) 225 

1. The occupancy densities, receptacle power densities, and service hot water consumption values are from 

ASHRAE Standard 90.1and addenda. 

2. Values are in square feet of conditioned floor area per person. Heat generation in Btu per person per hour is 230 

sensible and 190 latent. Figures in parenthesis are equivalent Btu per hour per square foot. 

3. Values are in Watts per square foot of conditioned floor area. Figures in parenthesis are equivalent Btu per hour 

per square foot. These values are the minimum acceptable. If other process loads are not input (such as for 

computers, cooking, refrigeration, etc.), it is recommended that receptacle power densities be increased until 

total process energy consumption is equivalent to 25% of the total. 

4. Values are in Btu per person per hour. 
Chapter 8, Page 50

TABLE 806.3.2A 

Assembly Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2 (1-2 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

3 (2-3 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

4 (3-4 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

5 (4-5 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

6 (5-6 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 On Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

7 (6-7 am) 0 0 0 40 5 5 On On On 0 0 0 0 0 0 

8 (7-8 am) 0 0 0 40 30 30 On On On 0 0 0 0 0 0 

9 (8-9 am) 20 20 10 40 30 30 On On On 0 0 0 0 0 0 

10 (9-10 am) 20 20 10 75 50 30 On On On 5 5 5 0 0 0 

11 (10-11 

am) 

20 20 10 75 50 30 On On On 5 5 5 0 0 0 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

80 60 10 75 50 30 On On On 35 20 10 0 0 0 

13 (12-1 pm) 80 60 10 75 50 65 On On On 5 0 0 0 0 0 

14 (1-2 pm) 80 60 70 75 50 65 On On On 5 0 0 0 0 0 

15 (2-3 pm) 80 60 70 75 50 65 On On On 5 0 0 0 0 0 

16 (3-4 pm) 80 60 70 75 50 65 On On On 5 0 0 0 0 0 

17 (4-5 pm) 80 60 70 75 50 65 On On On 5 0 0 0 0 0 

18 (5-6 pm) 80 60 70 75 50 65 On On On 0 0 0 0 0 0 

19 (6-7 pm) 20 60 70 75 50 65 On On On 0 0 0 0 0 0 

20 (7-8 pm) 20 60 70 75 50 65 On On On 0 65 65 0 0 0 

21 (8-9 pm) 20 60 70 75 50 65 On On On 0 30 30 0 0 0 

22 (9-10 pm) 20 80 70 75 50 65 On On On 0 0 0 0 0 0 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

10 10 20 25 50 5 On On On 0 0 0 0 0 0 

24 (11-12 

am) 

0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

 

Total/Day 710 750 700 1155 800 845 1800 1700 1700 70 125 115 0 0 0 

Total/Week 50.50 hours 74.20 hours 124 hours 5.9 hours 0 hours

Total/Year 2633 hours 3869 hours 6465 hours 308 hours 0 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 51

TABLE 806.3.2B 

Health Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 0 0 0 10 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

2 (1-2 am) 0 0 0 10 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

3 (2-3 am) 0 0 0 10 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

4 (3-4 am) 0 0 0 10 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

5 (4-5 am) 0 0 0 10 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

6 (5-6 am) 0 0 0 10 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

7 (6-7 am) 0 0 0 10 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

8 (7-8 am) 10 10 0 50 20 5 On On On 17 1 1 2 2 0 

9 (8-9 am) 50 30 5 90 40 10 On On On 58 20 1 75 46 2 

10 (9-10 am) 80 40 5 90 40 10 On On On 66 28 1 100 70 2 

11 (10-11 

am) 

80 40 5 90 40 10 On On On 78 30 1 100 70 2 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

80 40 5 90 40 10 On On On 82 30 1 100 70 2 

13 (12-1 pm) 80 40 5 90 40 10 On On On 71 24 1 75 51 2 

14 (1-2 pm) 80 40 5 90 40 10 On On On 82 24 1 100 51 2 

15 (2-3 pm) 80 40 5 90 40 10 On On On 78 23 1 100 51 2 

16 (3-4 pm) 80 40 5 90 40 10 On On On 74 23 1 100 51 2 

17 (4-5 pm) 80 40 0 30 40 5 On On On 63 23 1 100 51 0 

18 (5-6 pm) 50 10 0 30 40 5 On On On 41 10 1 100 25 0 

19 (6-7 pm) 30 10 0 30 10 5 On On On 18 1 1 52 2 0 

20 (7-8 pm) 30 0 0 30 10 5 On On On 18 1 1 52 0 0 

21 (8-9 pm) 20 0 0 30 10 5 On On On 18 1 1 52 0 0 

22 (9-10 pm) 20 0 0 30 10 5 On On On 10 1 1 28 0 0 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

0 0 0 30 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

24 (11-12 

am) 

0 0 0 10 10 5 On On On 1 1 1 0 0 0 

 

Total/Day 850 380 40 1060 550 160 2400 2400 2400 783 249 24 1136 540 16 

Total/Week 46.70 hours 60.10 hours 168 hours 41.88 hours 62.36 hours

Total/Year 2435 hours 3134 hours 8760 hours 2148 hours 3251 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 52

TABLE 806.3.2C 

Hotel/Motel Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 90 90 70 20 20 30 On On On 20 20 25 40 44 55 

2 (1-2 am) 90 90 70 15 20 30 On On On 15 15 20 33 35 55 

3 (2-3 am) 90 90 70 10 10 20 On On On 15 15 20 33 35 43 

4 (3-4 am) 90 90 70 10 10 20 On On On 15 15 20 33 35 43 

5 (4-5 am) 90 90 70 10 10 20 On On On 20 20 20 33 35 43 

6 (5-6 am) 90 90 70 20 10 20 On On On 25 25 30 33 35 43 

7 (6-7 am) 70 70 70 40 30 30 On On On 50 40 50 42 40 52 

8 (7-8 am) 40 50 70 50 30 40 On On On 60 50 50 42 32 52 

9 (8-9 am) 40 50 50 40 40 40 On On On 55 50 50 52 45 65 

10 (9-10 am) 20 30 50 40 40 30 On On On 45 50 55 52 45 65 

11 (10-11 

am) 

20 30 50 25 30 30 On On On 40 45 50 40 42 53 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

20 30 30 25 25 30 On On On 45 50 50 51 60 60 

13 (12-1 pm) 20 30 30 25 25 30 On On On 40 50 40 51 65 53 

14 (1-2 pm) 20 30 20 25 25 20 On On On 35 45 40 51 65 51 

15 (2-3 pm) 20 30 20 25 25 20 On On On 30 40 30 51 65 50 

16 (3-4 pm) 30 30 20 25 25 20 On On On 30 40 30 51 65 44 

17 (4-5 pm) 50 30 30 25 25 20 On On On 30 35 30 63 65 64 

18 (5-6 pm) 50 50 40 25 25 20 On On On 40 40 40 80 75 62 

19 (6-7 pm) 50 60 40 60 60 50 On On On 55 55 50 86 80 65 

20 (7-8 pm) 70 60 60 80 70 70 On On On 60 55 50 70 80 63 

21 (8-9 pm) 70 60 60 90 70 80 On On On 50 50 40 70 75 63 

22 (9-10 pm) 80 70 80 80 70 60 On On On 55 55 50 70 75 63 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

90 70 80 60 60 50 On On On 45 40 40 45 55 40 

24 (11-12 

am) 

90 70 80 30 30 30 On On On 25 30 20 45 55 40 

 

Total/Day 1390 1390 1300 855 785 810 2400 2400 2400 915 930 900 1217 1303 1287 

Total/Week 96.40 hours 58.70 hours 168.0 hours 64.05 hours 86.75 hours

Total/Year 5026 hours 3061 hours 8760 hours 3340 hours 4523 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 53

TABLE 806.3.2D 

Light Manufacturing Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

2 (1-2 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

3 (2-3 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

4 (3-4 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

5 (4-5 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

6 (5-6 am) 0 0 0 10 5 5 Off Off Off 8 8 7 0 0 0 

7 (6-7 am) 10 10 5 10 10 5 On On Off 7 7 4 0 0 0 

8 (7-8 am) 20 10 5 30 10 5 On On Off 19 11 4 35 16 0 

9 (8-9 am) 95 30 5 90 30 5 On On Off 35 15 4 69 14 0 

10 (9-10 am) 95 30 5 90 30 5 On On Off 38 21 4 43 21 0 

11 (10-11 

am) 

95 30 5 90 30 5 On On Off 39 19 4 37 18 0 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

95 30 5 90 30 5 On On Off 47 23 6 43 25 0 

13 (12-1 pm) 50 10 5 80 15 5 On On Off 57 20 6 58 21 0 

14 (1-2 pm) 95 10 5 90 15 5 On On Off 54 19 9 48 13 0 

15 (2-3 pm) 95 10 5 90 15 5 On On Off 34 15 6 37 8 0 

16 (3-4 pm) 95 10 5 90 15 5 On On Off 33 12 4 37 4 0 

17 (4-5 pm) 95 10 5 90 15 5 On On Off 44 14 4 46 5 0 

18 (5-6 pm) 30 5 5 50 5 5 On On Off 26 7 4 62 6 0 

19 (6-7 pm) 10 5 0 30 5 5 On Off Off 21 7 4 20 0 0 

20 (7-8 pm) 10 0 0 30 5 5 On Off Off 15 7 4 12 0 0 

21 (8-9 pm) 10 0 0 20 5 5 On Off Off 17 7 4 4 0 0 

22 (9-10 pm) 10 0 0 20 5 5 On Off Off 8 9 7 4 0 0 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

5 0 0 10 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

24 (11-12 

am) 

5 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

 

Total/Day 920 200 60 1040 280 120 1600 1200 0 537 256 113 555 151 0 

Total/Week 48.60 hours 56.00 hours 92.00 hours 30.54 hours 29.26 hours

Total/Year 2534 hours 2920 hours 4797 hours 1592 hours 1526 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 54

TABLE 806.3.2E 

Office Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

2 (1-2 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

3 (2-3 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

4 (3-4 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

5 (4-5 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

6 (5-6 am) 0 0 0 10 5 5 Off Off Off 8 8 7 0 0 0 

7 (6-7 am) 10 10 5 10 10 5 On On Off 7 7 4 0 0 0 

8 (7-8 am) 20 10 5 30 10 5 On On Off 19 11 4 35 16 0 

9 (8-9 am) 95 30 5 90 30 5 On On Off 35 15 4 69 14 0 

10 (9-10 am) 95 30 5 90 30 5 On On Off 38 21 4 43 21 0 

11 (10-11 

am) 

95 30 5 90 30 5 On On Off 39 19 4 37 18 0 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

95 30 5 90 30 5 On On Off 47 23 6 43 25 0 

13 (12-1 pm) 50 10 5 80 15 5 On On Off 57 20 6 58 21 0 

14 (1-2 pm) 95 10 5 90 15 5 On On Off 54 19 9 48 13 0 

15 (2-3 pm) 95 10 5 90 15 5 On On Off 34 15 6 37 8 0 

16 (3-4 pm) 95 10 5 90 15 5 On On Off 33 12 4 37 4 0 

17 (4-5 pm) 95 10 5 90 15 5 On On Off 44 14 4 46 5 0 

18 (5-6 pm) 30 5 5 50 5 5 On On Off 26 7 4 62 6 0 

19 (6-7 pm) 10 5 0 30 5 5 On Off Off 21 7 4 20 0 0 

20 (7-8 pm) 10 0 0 30 5 5 On Off Off 15 7 4 12 0 0 

21 (8-9 pm) 10 0 0 20 5 5 On Off Off 17 7 4 4 0 0 

22 (9-10 pm) 10 0 0 20 5 5 On Off Off 8 9 7 4 0 0 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

5 0 0 10 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

24 (11-12 

am) 

5 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 5 4 0 0 0 

 

Total/Day 920 200 60 1040 280 120 1600 1200 0 537 256 113 555 151 0 

Total/Week 48.60 hours 56.00 hours 92.00 hours 30.54 hours 29.26 hours

Total/Year 2534 hours 2920 hours 4797 hours 1592 hours 1526 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 55

TABLE 806.3.2F 

Parking Garage Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 100 100 100 

2 (1-2 am) 100 100 100 

3 (2-3 am) 100 100 100 

4 (3-4 am) 100 100 100 

5 (4-5 am) 100 100 100 

6 (5-6 am) 100 100 100 

7 (6-7 am) 100 100 100 

8 (7-8 am) 100 100 100 

9 (8-9 am) 100 100 100 

10 (9-10 am) 100 100 100 

11 (10-11 

am) 

 100 100 100 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

 NA 100 100 100 NA 

13 (12-1 pm) 100 100 100 

Based on 

likely use 

 

Included with 

other occupancies 

14 (1-2 pm) 100 100 100 

15 (2-3 pm) 100 100 100 

16 (3-4 pm) 100 100 100 

17 (4-5 pm) 100 100 100 

18 (5-6 pm) 100 100 100 

19 (6-7 pm) 100 100 100 

20 (7-8 pm) 100 100 100 

21 (8-9 pm) 100 100 100 

22 (9-10 pm) 100 100 100 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

 100 100 100 

24 (11-12 

am) 

 100 100 100 

 

Total/Day 2400 2400 2400 

Total/Week 168 hours 

Total/Year 8760 hours 

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 56

TABLE 806.3.2G 

Restaurant Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 15 30 20 15 20 20 On On On 20 20 25 0 0 0 

2 (1-2 am) 15 25 20 15 15 15 On On On 15 15 20 0 0 0 

3 (2-3 am) 5 5 5 15 15 15 On On On 15 15 20 0 0 0 

4 (3-4 am) 0 0 0 15 15 15 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

5 (4-5 am) 0 0 0 15 15 15 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

6 (5-6 am) 0 0 0 20 15 15 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

7 (6-7 am) 0 0 0 40 30 30 Off Off Off 0 0 0 0 0 0 

8 (7-8 am) 5 0 0 40 30 30 On Off Off 60 0 0 0 0 0 

9 (8-9 am) 5 0 0 60 60 50 On Off Off 55 0 0 0 0 0 

10 (9-10 am) 5 5 0 60 60 50 On On Off 45 50 0 0 0 0 

11 (10-11 

am) 

20 20 10 90 80 70 On On On 40 45 50 0 0 0 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

50 45 20 90 80 70 On On On 45 50 50 0 0 0 

13 (12-1 pm) 80 50 25 90 80 70 On On On 40 50 40 0 0 0 

14 (1-2 pm) 70 50 25 90 80 70 On On On 35 45 40 0 0 0 

15 (2-3 pm) 40 35 15 90 80 70 On On On 30 40 30 0 0 0 

16 (3-4 pm) 20 30 20 90 80 70 On On On 30 40 30 0 0 0 

17 (4-5 pm) 25 30 25 90 80 60 On On On 30 35 30 0 0 0 

18 (5-6 pm) 50 30 35 90 90 60 On On On 40 40 40 0 0 0 

19 (6-7 pm) 80 70 55 90 90 60 On On On 55 55 50 0 0 0 

20 (7-8 pm) 80 90 65 90 90 60 On On On 60 55 50 0 0 0 

21 (8-9 pm) 80 70 70 90 90 60 On On On 50 50 40 0 0 0 

22 (9-10 pm) 50 65 35 90 90 60 On On On 55 55 50 0 0 0 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

35 55 20 50 50 50 On On On 45 40 40 0 0 0 

24 (11-12 

am) 

20 35 20 30 30 30 On On On 25 30 20 0 0 0 

 

Total/Day 750 740 485 1455 1365 1115 2000 1800 1700 790 730 625 0 0 0 

Total/Week 49.75 hours 97.55 hours 135 hours 53.05 hours 0 hours

Total/Year 2594 hours 5086 hours 7039 hours 2766 hours 0 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 57

TABLE 806.3.2H 

Retail Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 4 11 7 0 0 0 

2 (1-2 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 10 7 0 0 0 

3 (2-3 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 8 7 0 0 0 

4 (3-4 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 4 6 6 0 0 0 

5 (4-5 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 4 6 6 0 0 0 

6 (5-6 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 4 6 6 0 0 0 

7 (6-7 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 On On Off 4 7 7 0 0 0 

8 (7-8 am) 10 10 0 20 10 5 On On Off 15 20 10 12 9 0 

9 (8-9 am) 20 20 0 50 30 10 On On On 23 24 12 22 21 0 

10 (9-10 am) 50 50 10 90 60 10 On On On 32 27 14 64 56 11 

11 (10-11 

am) 

50 60 20 90 90 40 On On On 41 42 29 74 66 13 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

70 80 20 90 90 40 On On On 57 54 31 68 68 35 

13 (12-1 pm) 70 80 40 90 90 60 On On On 62 59 36 68 68 37 

14 (1-2 pm) 70 80 40 90 90 60 On On On 61 60 36 71 69 37 

15 (2-3 pm) 70 80 40 90 90 60 On On On 50 49 34 72 70 39 

16 (3-4 pm) 80 80 40 90 90 60 On On On 45 48 35 72 69 41 

17 (4-5 pm) 70 80 40 90 90 60 On On On 46 47 37 73 66 38 

18 (5-6 pm) 50 60 20 90 90 40 On On Off 47 46 34 68 58 34 

19 (6-7 pm) 50 20 10 60 50 20 On On Off 42 44 25 68 47 3 

20 (7-8 pm) 30 20 0 60 30 5 On On Off 34 36 27 58 43 0 

21 (8-9 pm) 30 20 0 50 30 5 On On Off 33 29 21 54 43 0 

22 (9-10 pm) 0 10 0 20 10 5 Off On Off 23 22 16 0 8 0 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 13 16 10 0 0 0 

24 (11-12 

am) 

0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 8 13 6 0 0 0 

 

Total/Day 720 750 280 1115 985 525 1500 1600 900 662 690 459 844 761 288 

Total/Week 46.30 hours 70.85 hours 100 hours 44.59 hours 52.69 hours

Total/Year 2414 hours 3694 hours 5214 hours 2325 hours 2747 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 58

TABLE 806.3.2I 

School Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 3 3 0 0 0 

2 (1-2 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 3 3 0 0 0 

3 (2-3 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 3 3 0 0 0 

4 (3-4 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 3 3 0 0 0 

5 (4-5 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 3 3 0 0 0 

6 (5-6 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 3 3 0 0 0 

7 (6-7 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 3 3 0 0 0 

8 (7-8 am) 5 0 0 30 5 5 On Off Off 10 3 3 0 0 0 

9 (8-9 am) 75 10 0 85 15 5 On On Off 34 3 5 30 0 0 

10 (9-10 am) 90 10 0 95 15 5 On On Off 60 5 5 30 0 0 

11 (10-11 

am) 

90 10 0 95 15 5 On On Off 63 5 5 30 0 0 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

80 10 0 95 15 5 On On Off 72 5 5 30 0 0 

13 (12-1 pm) 80 10 0 80 15 5 On On Off 79 5 5 30 0 0 

14 (1-2 pm) 80 0 0 80 5 5 On Off Off 83 3 5 30 0 0 

15 (2-3 pm) 80 0 0 80 5 5 On Off Off 61 3 3 30 0 0 

16 (3-4 pm) 45 0 0 70 5 5 On Off Off 65 3 3 15 0 0 

17 (4-5 pm) 15 0 0 50 5 5 On Off Off 10 3 3 0 0 0 

18 (5-6 pm) 5 0 0 50 5 5 On Off Off 10 3 3 0 0 0 

19 (6-7 pm) 15 0 0 35 5 5 On Off Off 19 3 3 0 0 0 

20 (7-8 pm) 20 0 0 35 5 5 On Off Off 25 3 3 0 0 0 

21 (8-9 pm) 20 0 0 35 5 5 On Off Off 22 3 3 0 0 0 

22 (9-10 pm) 10 0 0 30 5 5 On Off Off 22 3 3 0 0 0 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 12 3 3 0 0 0 

24 (11-12 

am) 

0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 9 3 3 0 0 0 

 

Total/Day 710 50 0 990 170 120 1500 500 0 691 80 84 285 0 0 

Total/Week 36.00 hours 52.40 hours 80.00 hours 36.19 hours 14.25 hours

Total/Year 1877 hours 2732 hours 4171 hours 1887 hours 743 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 59

TABLE 806.3.2J 

Warehouse Occupancy1

Schedule for 

Occupancy 

Schedule for 

Lighting Receptacle 

Schedule for 

HVAC System 

Schedule for 

Service Hot Water 

Schedule for 

Elevator 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Percent of 

Maximum Load 

Hour of Day 

(Time) 

Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun Wk Sat Sun 

1 (12-1 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 2 2 2 0 0 0 

2 (1-2 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 2 2 2 0 0 0 

3 (2-3 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 2 2 2 0 0 0 

4 (3-4 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 2 2 2 0 0 0 

5 (4-5 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 5 2 2 0 0 0 

6 (5-6 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 7 2 2 0 0 0 

7 (6-7 am) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 7 2 2 0 0 0 

8 (7-8 am) 15 0 0 40 5 5 On Off Off 10 2 2 0 0 0 

9 (8-9 am) 70 20 0 70 8 5 On On Off 30 6 2 0 0 0 

10 (9-10 am) 90 20 0 90 24 5 On On Off 36 12 2 0 0 0 

11 (10-11 

am) 

90 20 0 90 24 5 On On Off 36 12 2 30 0 0 

12 (11-12 

pm) 

90 20 0 90 24 5 On On Off 46 17 2 0 0 0 

13 (12-1 pm) 50 10 0 80 5 5 On On Off 57 4 4 0 0 0 

14 (1-2 pm) 85 10 0 90 5 5 On On Off 43 4 4 0 0 0 

15 (2-3 pm) 85 10 0 90 5 5 On On Off 38 2 2 0 0 0 

16 (3-4 pm) 85 10 0 90 5 5 On On Off 40 2 2 40 0 0 

17 (4-5 pm) 20 0 0 90 5 5 On Off Off 30 2 2 0 0 0 

18 (5-6 pm) 0 0 0 30 5 5 Off Off Off 18 2 2 0 0 0 

19 (6-7 pm) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 3 2 2 0 0 0 

20 (7-8 pm) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 3 2 2 0 0 0 

21 (8-9 pm) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 3 2 2 0 0 0 

22 (9-10 pm) 0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 3 2 2 0 0 0 

23 (10-11 

pm) 

0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 3 2 2 0 0 0 

24 (11-12 

am) 

0 0 0 5 5 5 Off Off Off 3 2 2 0 0 0 

 

Total/Day 680 120 0 915 180 120 1000 800 0 429 91 52 70 0 0 

Total/Week 35.20 hours 48.75 hours 58.00 hours 22.88 hours 3.50 hours

Total/Year 1835 hours 2542 hours 3024 hours 1193 hours 182 hours

Wk = Weekday 

1. Schedules for occupancy, lighting, receptacle, HVAC system, and service hot water are from ASHRAE 

Standard 90.1 and addendums, except that 5% emergency lighting has been added for all off hours. 

Elevator schedules, except for restaurants, are from the U.S. Department of Energy Standard Evaluation 

Techniques except changed to 0% when occupancy is 0%. These values may be used only if actual 

schedules are not known.
Chapter 8, Page 60

TABLE 806.3.3 

HVAC Systems of Prototype Buildings3

Use System # Remarks 

1. Assembly 

 a. Churches (any size) 1 

 b. ≤ 50,000 ft2

 or ≤ 3 floors 1 or 3 Note 2 

 c. > 50,000 ft2

 or > 3 floors 3 

2. Health 

 a. Nursing Home (any size) 2 

 b. ≤ 15,000 ft2 1 

 c. > 15,000 ft2

 and ≤ 50,000 ft2 4 Note 3 

 d. > 50,000 ft2 5 Note 3,4 

3. Hotel/Motel 

 a. ≤ 3 Stories 2 Note 6 

 b. > 3 Stories 6 Note 7 

4. Light Manufacturing 1 or 3 

5. Office 

 a. ≤ 20,000 ft2 1 

 b. > 20,000 ft2

 and either 

≤ 3 floors or ≤ 75,000 ft2

4 

 c. > 75,000 ft2

 or > 3 floors 5 

6. Restaurant 1 or 3 Note 2 

7. Retail 

 a. ≤ 50,000 ft2 1 or 3 Note 2 

 b. > 50,000 ft2 4 or 5 Note 2 

8. Schools 

 a. ≤ 75,000 ft2

 or ≤ 3 floors 1 

 b. > 75,000 ft2

 or > 3 floors 3 

9. Warehouse Note 5 

Footnote to Table 3-3: The systems and energy types presented in this 

table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for the 

proposed design. Floor areas in the table are the total conditioned floor 

areas for the listed use in the building. The number of floors indicated in the 

table is the total number of occupied floors for the listed use. 

TABLE 806.3.3 (Continued) 

HVAC System Descriptions for Prototype Buildings1

HVAC Component System #1 System #2 

System Description Packaged rooftop single 

zone, one unit per zone 

Packaged terminal air 

conditioner with space heater 

or heat pump, heating or 

cooling unit per zone 

Fan system 

 Design Supply 

 Circulation Rate 

Note 10 Note 11 

 Supply Fan Control Constant volume Fan cycles with call for 

heating or cooling 

 Return Fan Control NA NA 

Cooling System Direct expansion air cooled Direct expansion air cooled 

Heating System Furnace, heat pump or 

electric resistance 

Heat pump with electric 

resistance auxiliary or air 

conditioner with space heater 

Remarks Drybulb economizer per 

Section 803.3.1, heat 

recovery if required by 

Section 803.2.6 

No economizer, if not required 

by Section 803.3.1 
Chapter 8, Page 61

TABLE 806.3.3 (Continued) 

HVAC System Descriptions for Prototype Buildings1

HVAC Component System #3 System #4 

System Description Air handler per zone with 

central plant 

Packaged rooftop VAV with 

perimeter reheat and fanpowered terminal units 

Fan system 

 Design Supply 

 Circulation Rate 

Note 10 Note 10 

 Supply Fan Control Constant volume Variable Air Volume systems 

with controls per Section 

803.4 

 Return Fan Control Constant volume Variable Air Volume systems 

with controls per Section 

803.4 

Cooling System Chilled water (Note 12) Direct expansion air cooled 

Heating System Hot water (Note 13) Hot water (Note 13) or electric 

resistance 

Remarks Drybulb economizer per 

Section 803.3.1, heat 

recovery if required by 

Section 803.2.6 

Drybulb economizer per 

Section 803.3.1. Minimum 

VAV setting per Section 

803.4.3 Exception 1, Supply 

air reset by zone of greatest 

cooling demand, heat 

recovery if required by 

Section 803.2.6. 

TABLE 806.3.3 (Continued) 

HVAC System Descriptions for Prototype Buildings1

HVAC Component System #5 System #6 

System Description Built-up central VAV with 

perimeter reheat and fanpowered terminal units 

Four-pipe fan coil per zone 

with central plant 

Fan system 

 Design Supply 

 Circulation Rate 

Note 10 Note 10 

 Supply Fan Control VAV with air-foil centrifugal 

fan and AC frequency 

variable speed drive 

Fan cycles with call for 

heating or cooling 

 Return Fan Control VAV with air-foil centrifugal 

fan and AC frequency 

variable speed drive 

NA 

Cooling System Chilled water (Note 12) Chilled water (Note 12) 

Heating System Hot water (Note 13) or 

electric resistance 

Hot water (Note 13) or electric 

resistance 

Remarks Drybulb economizer per 

Section 803.3.1. Minimum 

VAV setting per Section 

803.4.3 Exception 1, Supply 

air reset by zone of greatest 

cooling demand, heat 

recovery if required by 

Section 803.2.6. 

No economizer, if not required 

by Section 803.3.1 
Chapter 8, Page 62

Numbered Footnotes for Table 806.3.3 

HVAC System Descriptions for Prototype Buildings 

1. The systems and energy types presented in this Table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for 

the proposed design. 

2. For occupancies such as restaurants, assembly and retail that are part of a mixed use building which, according 

to Table 806.3.3, includes a central chilled water plant (systems 3, 5, or 6), chilled water system type 3 or 5 shall 

be used as indicated in the table. 

3. Constant volume may be used in zones where pressurization relationships must be maintained by code. Where 

constant volume is used, the system shall have heat recovery if required by Section 803.2.6. VAV shall be used 

in all other areas, in accordance with Section 803.4. 

4. Provide run-around heat recovery systems for all fan systems with a minimum outside air intake greater than 

70%. Recovery effectiveness shall be 0.50. 

5. If a warehouse is not intended to be mechanically cooled, both the standard and proposed designs shall be 

calculated assuming no mechanical cooling. 

6. The system listed is for guest rooms only. Areas such as public areas and back-of-house areas shall be served 

by system 4. Other areas such as offices and retail shall be served by systems listed in Table 806.3.3 for these 

occupancy types. 

7. The system listed is for guest rooms only. Areas such as public areas and back-of- house areas shall be served 

by system 5. Other areas such as offices and retail shall be served by systems listed in Table 806.3.3 for these 

occupancy types. 

8. Reserved. 

9. Reserved. 

10. Design supply air circulation rate shall be based on a supply-air to room-air temperature difference of 20°F. A 

higher supply-air temperature may be used if required to maintain a minimum circulation rate of 4.5 air changes 

per hour or 15 cfm per person to each zone served by the system, at design conditions. If return fans are 

specified, they shall be sized for the supply fan capacity less the required minimum ventilation with outside air, or 

75% of the supply fan capacity, whichever is larger. Except where noted, supply and return fans shall be 

operated continuously during occupied hours. 

11. Fan energy when included in the efficiency rating of the unit as defined in Section 803.2.3, need not be modeled 

explicitly for this system. The fan shall cycle with calls for heating or cooling. 

12. Chilled water systems shall be modeled using a reciprocating chiller for systems with total cooling capacities less 

than 175 tons, and centrifugal chillers for systems with cooling capacities of 175 tons or greater. For systems 

with cooling capacities of 600 tons or more, the standard design energy consumption shall be calculated using 

two centrifugal chillers, lead/lag controlled. Chilled water shall be assumed to be controlled at a constant 44°F. 

Chiller water pumps shall be sized using a 12°F temperature rise, from 44°F to 56°F, operating at 65% combined 

impeller and motor efficiency. Condenser water pumps shall be sized using a 10°F temperature rise, operating 

at 60% combined impeller and motor efficiency. The cooling tower shall be an open circuit, centrifugal blower 

type sized for the larger of 85°F leaving water temperature or 10°F approach to design wet bulb temperature. 

The tower shall be controlled to provide a 65°F leaving water temperature whenever weather conditions permit, 

floating up to design leaving water temperatures at design conditions. Chilled water supply temperature shall be 

reset in accordance with Section 803.4.11.4. 

13. Hot water system shall include a natural draft fossil fuel or electric boiler. The hot water pump shall be sized 

based on a 30°F temperature drop, from 180°F to 150°F, operating at a combined impeller and motor efficiency 

of 60%. Hot water supply temperature shall be reset in accordance with Section 803.4.11.4. 

SECTION 806.4 SUGGESTED SOFTWARE FOR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS APPROACH 

Blast 3.0 (Level 334) 

Blast Support Office 

University of Illinois 

Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 

1206 W. Green Street, Room 140, MEB 

Urbana, IL 61801 

(217) 244-8182 
Chapter 8, Page 63

DOE 2.1E 

Energy Science Technology Software Center (ESTSC) 

PO Box 1220 

Oakridge, TN 37831-1020 

(423) 576-2606 

DOE 2.1E or DOE 2.2 

James J. Hirsch & Associates 

Building Performance Analysis 

Software & Consulting 

12185 Presilla Road 

Camarillo, CA 93012-9243 

(805) 532-1045 

EnergyPlus 

Kathy Ellington 

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) 

Building 90, Room 3147 

Berkeley, CA 94720-0001 

(510) 486-5711 

ESAS 

Ross Meriweather Consulting, Engineering 

3315 Outrider 

San Antonio, TX 78247-4405 

(210) 490-7081 

ESP-II 

Automated Procedures for Engineering Consultants, Inc. 

40 W Fourth Centre, Suite 2100 

Dayton, OH 45402 

(937) 228-2602 

HAP 3.24 

Carrier Building Systems and Services 

3215 S 116th Street, Suite 133 

Tukwila, WA 98168 

(206) 439-0097 

Trace 600 Version 18.11 or Trace 700 

The Trane Co. 

3600 Pammel Creek Rd. 

Lacrosse, WI 54601 

(608) 787-3926 

________________________________________ 

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