Chart 3

Inspections Conducted

AWA - Licensed & Registered Exhibitors

3,500

3,000 2-385

2,566

2,513 m
2,500

2,000

1,500 1,475

1,322 1353

1,000 ZZ

500 4 512

Z 368

# Facilities # Inspections # Reinspection

Results from WBBS Reports

mTM 1988 g 1987 @ 1986



Table ds--Animale used in experimentation, fiscal year 1988

Number of Number of snimals
State reporting uinea Wile
facilities Total Dogs _Cats___ Primates _ pigs _Hamaters Rabbits animale
U.S. Total 1,091 1,635,288 140,471 42,271 51,641 431,457 331,945 459,254 178,249
Alabama 12 24,861 2,971 sul 447 287 14,562 4,585 1,498
Alaska 2 ct) 8 0 ) 8 0 34 369
Arizona 9 8,594 834 456 181 1,809 2,492 2,729 93
Arkans 7 1,896 22b 95 35 858 158 389 140
California 128 171,290 5,767 3,623 4,149 = 35,532 31,426 74,976 15,817
@lorado 18 25,288 1,938 1,020 114 3,585 12,299 5,343 989
Connecticut 13 16,769 1,982 248 227 4,935 1,716 5,855 1,806
Delavare 7 51,334 1,412 27 141 24,224 18,725 2,668 4,137
Florida 28 23,133 1,958 740 1,269 922 1,962 11,636 4,646
Georgia 13 37,579 2,211 646 = 2,401 308 «18,575 9,060 4,178
Hawaii 2 2,441 10 5 au 244 1,720 420 31
Idaho 3 749 55 0 0 1 140 144 339
4s 80,074 8,942 2,148 1,376 = 22,793 12,132 27,335 5,348
18 44,501 7,730 375 495 19,055 6,129 8,600 2,117
16 30,849 3,816 2,756 199 2,330 14,662 5,285 1,801
20 14,759 1,213 640 n 939 7,978 1,892 2,086
5 6,998 759 420 2 350 922 2,385 2,160
Louisiana 10 14,825 1,405 1,111 4,335 452 938 3,728 2,856
Maine 13 1,098 2 ) 0 44 62 824 166
Maryland 20 32,851 2,784 887 1,480 11,129 3,619 9,390 3,562
63 61,448 2,878 407 1,278 =—«-11,218 «10,755 20,493 14,419
Michigan 36 58,674 8,132 1,984 1,877 20,644 = 5,443 16,891 3,703
Minnesota 14 26,715 5,846 916 123 6,727 2,860 6,715 3,528
Mil ippi 3 3,479 636 102 34 395 140 1,463 689
Missouri 25 37,308 4,990 1,908 170 8,036 11,972 9,461 m7
Montana 3 1,511 0 35 23 463 0 525 465
Nebraska 6 28,514 1,827 645 16 3,961 16,668 4,16L 1,176
Nevada 1 946 172 0 ° 502 24 202 46
New Hampshire 2 1,695 143 470 C) 35 214 256 $77
New Jersey 37 170,405 14,145 1,561 3,325 72,119 23,434 = 48, 906 6,915
New Mexico 8 6,437 1,132 20 1,859 200 1,345 212 1,669
New York 82 114,361 7,958 2,189 2,203 40,338 18,885 26,520 16,268
North Carolina 17 30,987 6,025 1,762 1,750 7,958 1,450 9,804 2,238
North Dakota 2 966 92 48 0 107 ba 266 409
Ohio 54 62,561 8,645 1,730 714 -19,837 5,342 21,282 5,011
Oklahoma 12 8,677 1,253 483 682 299 969 1,484 3,507
Oregon 15 6,397 375 380 1,039 1,836 414 1,941 412
Pennsylvania 80 87,096 6,850 2,916 1,389 39,375 4,249 28,875 3,462
Rhode Leland 6 1,422 182 419 82 39 14 349 217
South Carolina 5 5,099 905 41s 98 92 1,648 1,378 564
South Dakota 3 585 81 41 ) 14 320 129 0
Tennessee 14 19,205 1,188 257 259 5,047 5348 6,805 301
Texas 39 72,284 8,275 1,316 5,169 4,983 16,839 27,653 8,049
Ucah 7 5,974 sal 258 44 612 986 1,500 2,033
Vermont 3 2,542 167 89 12 323 264 1,392 295
Virginia 13 24,968 2,449 942 1,160 6,234 1,557 54249 7,377
Washington 19 25,089 1,621 398 2,486 8,166 = 7,459 3,318 1,641
West Virginia 4 2,053 99 89 4 1,189 ait 266 95
Wisconsio 16 57,043 3,782 1,640 2,173 8,399 9,462 9,477 22,110
Wyoming 1 1,656 0 2 0 100 1,350 53 151
Puerto Rico 7 2,767 240 121,823 34 0 564 94
District of
Columbia 7 5,309 1,084 = 1,075 15 132 1,340 1,183 480
Virgin Ielands 0 ° 0 ° t) tC) C) C) 0
Federal
Agencies 58 110,807 2,740 1,995 4,881 31,968 30,562 23,203 15,458


Chart 6

Dealers, Exhibitors, Carriers, Research Facilities, Intermediate Handlers

Number of Inspections/Reinspections

Exhibitor
Reinspecttion

Research
Reinspection

Dealer
Reinspection

Intermediate _P

Handlers

Carriers

Exhibitors -

*Research
(Sites)

Research
Facilities

Dedlers

Results from

i OT

DION
LL

TOOT
LLL

7,590)

ie) 900 1,800 2,700 3,600 4,500 5,400

WBBS Reports | m 1988 a 1987

m 1986

6,300 7,200 8,100
«These colurnns indicate the average
numbers of research facility animal

sites to be inspected for each fiscal.

13


Chart 5

Inspections Conducted

AWA - Registered Intermediate Handlers

350
300 298

275 274 272

l Hii
250
250 246
iH

200 LZ.

150

ZZ
100 ZZ

50 ZZ

# Facilities # Inspections

Results from WBBS Reports

1988 1987 gy 1986 |

11


Glossary of Terms

Airport Inspection - Individual airline inspections of
cargo and baggage areas made at airports for compli-
ance with the AWA regulations and standards.

Alleged Violation - A violation of the Act, regulations or
standards that has been documented as existing but has
not been legally concluded.

Complaints - (1) A civil or administrative complaint:
Informs the alleged violator of the AWA allegations
charged against him/her. (2) A public complaint is
information received from citizens, humane groups, or
others concerning possible violations of the Act,
regulations or standards at animal facilities.

Compliance - Compliance is meeting all the regulatory
requirements set forth in the AWA regulations and
standards.

Compliance Inspection - An inspection completed, after
licensing or registration, to determine the facility's
compliance with the AWA regulations and standards.

Enforcement - Enforcing the AWA regulations and
standards by developing alleged violation cases and
taking action in the form of Letters of Warning, warning
tickets, administrative complaints, hearings, trials, and
other legal procedures and methods to attain compli-
ance.

Investigation - Inquiries and examinations of certain
allegation(s) that a person or facility is not complying
with the AWA, regulations, or standards.

Prelicensing Inspection - Inspection made, after applica-
tion for license has been submitted, to ascertain compli-
ance with the AWA regulations and standards prior to
licensing the facility.

Reinspections - Inspections made following a compli-
ance inspection in which one or more violations were
documented.

Searches - Activity associated with finding unlicensed/
unregistered persons or animal facilities.

Site - The physical location where animals are used,
housed, or maintained by a licensed or registered
facility. A licensed/registered facility may have one or
more animal sites. A site may be a room, a building, an
outdoor run area, or similar type facility used to hold or
work on animals.

Violation - An area or item, at a registered or licensed
facility, alleged by the APHIS inspector as not being in
compliance with the regulations or standards of the
AWA.

17


Animal Welfare
Enforcement

Fiscal Year 1988

Report of the Secretary of Agriculture to the
President of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives

United States Animal and Regulatory
Department of Plant Health Enforcement and
Agriculture Inspection Animal Care

Service


Table 4.--Animale experiencing pain or distress (drugs omitted because they would interfere with

che purpose of research or testing), fiscal year 1988

Number of Nuaber of aniaale
State reporting Guinea Wiid
facilities Total Dogs __Cats___ Primates pigs Hamsters Rabbits _ animals
U.S, Total 167 90,400 1,548 124 1,422 41,054 18,457 22,672 $4123
Alabama 0 C) ° C) Co) 0 0) C) °
Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 0 c) 0 C)
Arizona 1 84 0 0 0 0 0 84 )
Arkansas 0 0 ° ° 0 0 0 0 0
California 10 10,222 19 0 37 4,866 1,970 1,952 1,378
Colorado 1 100 ) 0 ° C) ) 0 100
Gnnecticut 4 859 204 4 36 130 61 424 °
Delava 3 3,407 1 0 37 3,081 0 288 °
Florida 2 147 0 0 ) C) ° 6 141
Georgia 3 2,634 0 0 18 0 8 2,608 0
Hawaii 1 236 10 0 0 ° 0) 226 0
° o 0 0 0 o 0 0 o

Illinois 6 m 1 3 26 126 a1 462 12
Indiana 5 5,069 43 ° 6 4,154 272 594 C)
Towa 3 5,733 40 0 0 0 5,693 0 o
Kansas 3 196 2 8 C) 279 50 457 0
Keatucky 0 0 0 ° 0 0 0 0 C)
Louisiana 1 445 o 7 438 ) ° ) C)
Maine 1 2 0 0 C) 0 ° 2 0
Maryland 4 430 0 0 0 70 ° 108 252
Massachusetts = 4 388 0 0 0 50 252 86 )
Michigan 5 2,105 0 0 39 733 0 133 -1,200
Minnesota 3 1,180 0 10 0 884 48 178 60
Mi ippi 0 0 C) 0 0 0 0 0 °
Missouri 5 7,396 4 ° 0 S44 6,741 32 75
Montana 0 ° ° 0 0 Co) ° C) °
Nebraska 0 ° 0 0 0 C) 0 ) 0
Nevada 0 0 0 ° 0 C) ° 0 °
New Hampshire 0 C) 0 ° 0 0) 0 C) Q
New Jersey 18 10,005 308 26 137 4,648 6 4,880 0
New Mexico 1 36 0 C) C) 0 C) 36 0
New York 12 1,514 142 19 3 16 837 391 46
North Carolina 1 24 0 6 4 0 Q 14 0
North Dakota ) 0 0 ° ° 0 ° ° °
Ohio 10 2,009 2 a 36 1,572 16 61 292
Oklahoma 0) Co) ° ° 0 o 0 C) 0
Oregon 0 ° oy 0 0 0 0 C) 0
Pennsylvania = 12 7,193 20 ° 0 2,281 C) 4,837 35
Rhode Island 0 ° Q o ° ° ° ° °
South Carolina 1 15 0 0 0 15 ° 0 0
South Dakota 0 0 0 Cy) C) 0 OC) 0 0
Tennessee 3 1,853 ° 0 0 C) 0 1,853 )
Texas 10 1,672 65 25 30 220 214 948 170
Utah 2 91 ° 2 0 0 Q 36 53
Vermont 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Virginia 3 3,135 312 ° 36 1,736 0 0 = 1,051
Washington 2 7,020 0 ° 2 7,018 0 ° 0
West Virginia 0 0 C) 0 0 0 0 ) 0
Wisconsin 4 396 10 uw C) 34 0 339 °
Wyoming o ° 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Puerto Rico ° 0 C) 0 ° 0 C) ° 0
District of

Columbia 1 101 0 0 ° 0 0 101 0
Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Federal

Agencies 2. 13,262 225 3 537 8,537 2,258 1,464 238


Chart 8

Inspections Conducted

- Licensed Dealers

AWA

8,000

7,000

7,590

6,000

5,000

7 IO

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,990

1,000

1,178

1,109

ZZ

# Facilities

Results from WBBS Reports

# Inspections

# Reinspection

t
,o 1988 B 1987

@ 1986

15


Chart 1

Percent of Animals Used In
Experiments Involving Pain

58.2

SJ Drugs Used for Pain
M No Pain or Distress
@ Pain — No Drugs Used

Results From VS Form 18—23


consists of Veterinary Medical Officers, Animal Health
Technicians, and Investigators who perform the compli-
ance inspections and investigations.

Sector offices are located in: Annapolis, Maryland;
Minneapolis, Minnesota; Sacramento, California; Fort
Worth, Texas; and Tampa, Florida.

2. REAC Headquarters Activities

The Animal Care unit of REAC supervises the inspection
field force and provides direction for the program by
establishing goals and priorities, and by developing
policies, procedures, and regulations to accomplish
these national goals. The Animal Care unit, in coopera-
tion with the Recruitment and Development unit,
provides program training for animal care personnel.
The Animal Care unit is also responsible for cooperating
with other Federal agencies in enforcing the Act, and for
maintaining liaison and working relations with regu-
lated industry organizations, humane groups, and other
concerned persons and groups.

The Regulatory Enforcement unit has the enforcement
function for APHIS programs. This includes the investi-
gation of violations of the Act, regulations, and stan-
dards; the documentation of evidence; and the develop-
ment of alleged violation cases for prosecution. The
Regulatory Enforcement staff works closely with the
Office of the General Counsel in the prosecution of
violators.

3. Training

Due to program and personnel changes associated with
the reorganization of APHIS, it was not feasible to train
personnel at the level of training accomplished in FY
1986 and FY 1987. However, some training did occur at
national, regional and State levels. In-depth and more
varied training programs are being developed and
implemented for the new REAC unit in FY 1989 in order
to improve inspector knowledge and ability, and to
improve the quality, uniformity, and efficiency of
inspections.

Under the direction of the APHIS Recruitment and
Development unit and the Animal Care unit of REAC
training courses are being developed that will address
components of animal care such as in-depth uaining
courses in laboratory animal medicine, marine mam
mals, zoo animal medicine, and other animal care
concerns.

Courses will also be offered that include intern training
in laboratory animal and zoo animal medicine. Paruci-
pants will have an opportunity to improve their skills
and knowledge in particular fields of animal care as
well as learn the public/industry concerns in animal
care.

Licensing and Registration

The AWA regulations require the licensing of dealers,
exhibitors, and the operators of animal auction sales
where dogs or cats are sold. Licenses are valid unless
the licensee terminates the license voluntarily or fails to
renew the license. The Department terminates licenses
that are not renewed within the time requirements set
forth in the regulations. Following the investigation of
an alleged violation, a license may be revoked or
suspended by an Administrative Law Judge after a
notice and an opportunity for a hearing.

The fees for dealers and exhibitors are determined by a
graduated schedule listed in the regulations (9 CFR).
The dealers pay between $5 and $500, and exhibitors
pay $5 to $100. These fees are deposited as "miscellane-
ous receipts" with the U.S. Treasury.

1. Research Facilities

Research facilities are comprised of Federal and non-
Federal facilities. These facilities include hospitals,
colleges, universities, and private firms such as pharma-
ceutical companies and diagnostic laboratories.

All Federal and non-Federal facilities are required to be
in compliance with AWA regulations. Federal facilities
are not registered or inspected under the AWA, but
Agency heads (Federal) are responsible for maintaining
compliance with the AWA regulations and standards.
Non-Federal research facilities receive unannounced
inspections on a regular basis to determine compliance
with regulations and standards. Listed below are the
number of registered research facilities for FY 1986-
1988.

1988 1,308 (2,878 sites)
1987 1,260 (2,772 sites)
1986 1,241 (2,730 sites)

2. Reports from Research Facilities

An Annual Report of Research Facilities is required of all
research facilities registered under the AWA. As part of
the report, certification by the Institutional Animal
Committee or the attending veterinarian is required to
attest that the amount of analgesics, anesthetic, and
uanquilizing drugs used on animals during actual
research, testing, or experimentation including postop-
erative and post-procedural care was deemed appropri-
ate to relieve pain and distress for the subject animal.

The Annual Report for Research Facilities is due Decem-
ber 1 of each year. The report is concerned with the
appropriate use of anesthetics, analgesics, and tranquil-
izer drugs. If pain relief was not administered, the
report must justify the lack of pain relieving procedures
by verifying that the use of drugs would have interfered
with the research or experiment.


Report of 1988 Activities

The Secretary of Agriculture annually reports on en-
forcement and administration of the Animal Welfare Act
(AWA) (7 U.S.C. 2131, et. seq.) as required by Section 25
of the Act. Section 25 also states that, “This report as
well as any supporting documents, data, or findings
shall not be released to any other persons, non-Federal
agencies, or organizations unless and unti it has been
made public by an appropriate committee of the Senate
or the House of Representatives.”

The present report covers Fiscal Year (FY) 1988, which
began October 1, 1987, and ended September 30, 1988.

Summary

Inspections. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
officials inspected 7,434 licensed or registered facilities
(8,861 sites) at an average rate of 1.73 inspections per
site during FY 1988 (Table 1).

Table 1
Number of inspections made during FY 1986-1988.
Average

Total Facilities Total Inspection
Gites) Inspections _Rate (per site)

1988 7,434 15,296 1.73
(8,861)*

1987 6,872 14,675 1.78
(8,244)

1986 6,748 17,430 2.15
(8,099)

*Research facilities have an average of 2.2 animal sites per facility.

Violations.— When violations are disclosed as a result
of these inspections, the Animal and Plant Health In-
spection Service (APHIS) inspectors meet with the
owners/managers to discuss the necessary corrections
to meet compliance standards.

If facilities have repeated violations or have flagrant
violations, APHIS takes appropriate action against them.
Table 2 summarizes the general resolution of cases for
FY 1986-1988.

Table 2

Summary for FY 1986-1988 of (1) alleged violation cases
submitted to OGC; (2) those cases settled by imposition
of license suspension or revocations, cease and desist
orders, or combination of penalties issued by APHIS;
and (3) Letters of Warning by APHIS.

Cases Suspension —_—_Letters of
Subminedto Revocation, Waming,
Office of Cease and Waming
Gen. Counsel Desist Tickets
1988 184 179 314
1987 145 4 328
1986 9 68 88°

* Warning Tickets were not issued until 1987.

Regulations.— The Improved Standards for Laboratory
Animals Act was passed in December 1985 as part of
the Food Security Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-198).
During FY 1988, APHIS continued working to develop
regulations to implement the amendments.

The amendments require dogs in licensed or registered
facilities to be exercised and require an appropriate en-
vironment to be provided to promote the psychological
well-being of nonhuman primates. Also, research
facilities coming under the Act are required to establish
an Institutional Animal Committee to approve research
protocols and monitor the use of animals in

research in order to minimize pain and distress to the
animals.

Appropriation for FY 1988

The FY 1988 Animal Welfare Program was appropriated
$6.19 million, with $750,000 of this amount directed to
the National Agricultural Library (NAL) for development
and operation of the Animal Welfare Information Center
(AWIC).

The AWIC was established in response to the Animal
Welfare Act Amendments of 1985. The Center provides
information to enhance employee training, to prevent
unintended duplication of research, and to encourage
improved methods of animal experimentation, includ-
ing methods that could reduce or replace animal use
and minimize pain and distress to animals.

Table 3 indicates the AWA appropriations for FY 1988
and the preceding two fiscal years, plus the budget
reductions for each year and the adjusted appropriation.