Summary Health Statistics

for U.S.Adults: National

Health Interview Survey,

2007

Series 10, Number 240 May 2009
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Pleis JR, Lucas JW. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health

Interview Survey, 2007. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

10(240). 2009.

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Series 10, Number 240

Summary Health Statistics for

U.S.Adults: National Health

Interview Survey, 2007

Data From the National Health

Interview Survey

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Maryland

May 2009

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2009–1568
National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D., Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Co-Deputy Director

Michael H. Sadagursky, Acting Co-Deputy Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for

Planning, Budget, and Legislation

Michael H. Sadagursky, Associate Director for

Management and Operations

Lawrence H. Cox, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

Linda B. Torian, Acting Director for Information Technology

Linda B. Torian, Acting Director for Information Services

Linda T. Bilheimer, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis

and Epidemiology

Charles J. Rothwell, M.S., Director for Vital Statistics

Jane E. Sisk, Ph.D., Director for Health Care Statistics

Jane F. Gentleman, Ph.D., Director for Health Interview

Statistics

Clifford L. Johnson, M.S.P.H., Director for Health and

Nutrition Examination Surveys

Division of Health Interview Statistics

Jane F. Gentleman, Ph.D., Director

Anne K. Stratton, M.S., Deputy Director

Eve Powell-Griner, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for

Science

Marcie L. Cynamon, M.A., Chief, Survey Planning and

Special Surveys Branch

Eve Powell-Griner, Ph.D., Chief, Data Analysis and Quality

Assurance Branch

Anne K. Stratton, M.S., Acting Chief, Data Production and

Systems Branch
Contents
 

Abstract ................................................................................................ 1 
 

Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 
 

Methods ................................................................................................ 2 
 

Data Source ........................................................................................... 2 
 

Estimation Procedures................................................................................... 3 
 

Transition to the 2000 Census-Based Weights................................................................ 3 
 

Age Adjustment ........................................................................................ 3 
 

Sample Reductions in the 2007 National Health Interview Survey ............................................... 3 
 

New Metropolitan Statistical Area Definitions ............................................................... 4 
 

Income and Poverty Status Changes ....................................................................... 4 
 

Limitations of the Data .................................................................................. 4 
 

Variance Estimation and Significance Testing ................................................................ 5 
 

Further Information ..................................................................................... 5 
 

Selected Highlights ....................................................................................... 5 
 

Selected Circulatory Conditions ........................................................................... 5 
 

Selected Respiratory Conditions........................................................................... 6 
 

Selected Cancers ....................................................................................... 6 
 

Diabetes, Ulcers, Kidney Disease, Liver Disease, and Arthritis and Chronic Joint Symptoms ......................... 6 
 

Pain ................................................................................................. 7 
 

Hearing and Vision Trouble and Absence of Natural Teeth ..................................................... 7 
 

Feelings of Sadness, Hopelessness, Worthlessness, or That Everything is an Effort.................................. 8 
 

Feelings of Nervousness or Restlessness .................................................................... 8 
 

Work-Loss Days and Bed Days ........................................................................... 9 
 

Difficulties in Physical Functioning ........................................................................ 9 
 

Respondent-Assessed Health Status ........................................................................ 10 
 

Current Health Status Relative to Health Status 1 Year Ago .................................................... 11 
 

Current Cigarette Smoking Status.......................................................................... 11 
 

Alcohol Drinking Status ................................................................................. 11 
 

Leisure-Time Physical Activity Status and Frequency of Vigorous Leisure-Time Physical Activity .................... 12 
 

Body Mass Index....................................................................................... 12 
 

Usual Place of Health Care............................................................................... 13 
 

Number of Office Visits to a Doctor or Other Health Professional in the Past 12 Months ............................ 13 
 

Length of Time Since Last Contact with a Doctor or Other Health Professional .................................... 14 
 

Length of Time Since Last Contact with a Dentist or Other Dental Health Professional .............................. 15 
 

HIV Testing Status ..................................................................................... 15 
 

References .............................................................................................. 15 
 

Appendix I.............................................................................................. 108 
 

Technical Notes on Methods.............................................................................. 108 
 

Appendix II ............................................................................................. 112 
 

Definitions of Selected Terms............................................................................. 112 
 

Appendix III............................................................................................. 117 
 

Tables of Unadjusted (Crude) Estimates .................................................................... 117 
 

iii
Detailed Tables

1.	 Frequencies of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 17 
 

2.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and
 

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ..................................................... 19 
 

3.	 Frequencies of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 21 
 

4.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and
 

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ..................................................... 23 
 

5.	 Frequencies of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ..... 25 
 

6.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected
 

characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................................... 27 
 

7.	 Frequencies of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 29 
 

8.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age
 

and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................. 31 
 

9.	 Frequencies of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among persons 18 years of age and over, by
 

selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ............................................................. 33 
 

10.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among
 

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................. 35 
 

11.	 Frequencies of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among persons 18 years of age and over, by
 

selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ............................................................. 37 
 

12.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among
 

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................. 39 
 

13.	 Frequencies of feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything is an effort among persons 18
 

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ....................................... 41 
 

14.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything
 

is an effort among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............. 44 
 

15.	 Frequencies of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected
 

characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................................... 47 
 

16.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years
 

of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ............................................ 49 
 

17.	 Frequencies of work-loss days experienced in the past 12 months by employed persons 18 years of age and over,
 

numbers (with standard errors) of work-loss days per employed person, frequencies of bed days experienced in the
 

past 12 months by all persons 18 years of age and over, and numbers (with standard errors) of bed days per person,
 

by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .......................................................... 51 
 

18.	 Frequencies of difficulties in physical functioning among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 53 
 

19.	 Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of difficulties in physical functioning among persons 18 years of
 

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................................. 56 
 

20.	 Frequency distributions of respondent-assessed health status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected
 

characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................................... 59 
 

21.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of respondent-assessed health status among persons
 

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007..................................... 61 
 

22.	 Frequency distributions of current health status relative to health status 1 year ago among persons 18 years of age
 

and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................. 63 
 

23.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current health status relative to health status 1 year ago
 

among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007........................ 66 
 

24.	 Frequency distributions of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected
 

characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................................... 69 
 

25.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years
 

of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ............................................ 71 
 

26.	 Frequency distributions of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected
 

characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................................... 73 
 

27.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of
 

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................................. 75 
 

iv
28.	 Frequency distributions of leisure-time physical activity status and number of periods per week of vigorous leisuretime physical activity lasting 10 minutes or more among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 77 
 

29.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of leisure-time physical activity status and number of
 

periods per week of vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting 10 minutes or more among persons 18 years of
 

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................................. 80 
 

30.	 Frequency distributions of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 83 
 

31.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and
 

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ..................................................... 85 
 

32.	 Frequency distributions of having a usual place of health care among persons 18 years of age and over, and of type
 

of place among those persons 18 years of age and over with a usual place of health care, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 87 
 

33.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of having a usual place of health care among persons
 

18 years of age and over, and of type of place among those persons 18 years of age and over with a usual place of
 

health care, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ................................................ 89 
 

34.	 Frequency distributions of number of office visits to a doctor or other health care professional in the past 12 months
 

among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007........................ 92 
 

35.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of number of office visits to a doctor or other health
 

care professional in the past 12 months among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 94 
 

36.	 Frequency distributions of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other health care professional among
 

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................. 96 
 

37.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other
 

health care professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007.... 98 
 

38.	 Frequency distributions of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other dental health professional among
 

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................. 100 
 

39.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other
 

dental health professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 . . 102
 

40.	 Frequency distributions of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among persons 18 years of age and over,
 

by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .......................................................... 104 
 

41.	 Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among
 

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................. 106 
 

Appendix Tables

I.	 Age distribution and age-adjustment weights used in age adjusting data shown in Tables 1–41 ................... 108 
 

II.	 Weighted counts (in thousands) and weighted percentages of adults (18 years of age and over) with unknown health
 

information: National Health Interview Survey, 2007 ..................................................... 109 
 

III.	 Weighted counts (in thousands) and weighted percentages of persons with unknown information on selected
 

sociodemographic characteristics: National Health Interview Survey, 2007 .................................... 110 
 

IV.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over,
 

by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .......................................................... 117 
 

V.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over,
 

by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .......................................................... 119 
 

VI.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected
 

characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................................... 121 
 

VII.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age and
 

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ..................................................... 123 
 

VIII.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among persons
 

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007..................................... 125 
 

IX.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among persons
 

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007..................................... 127 
 

X.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything is
 

an effort among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ................ 129 
 

XI.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years of age
 

and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .................................................. 131 
 

v
XII.	 Crude percentages (with standard errors) of difficulties in physical functioning among persons 18 years of age and
 

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ..................................................... 133 
 

XIII.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of respondent-assessed health status among persons 18 years of
 

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................................. 136 
 

XIV.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current health status relative to health status 1 year ago among
 

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................. 138 
 

XV.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years of
 

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .............................................. 141 
 

XVI.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and
 

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ..................................................... 143 
 

XVII.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of leisure-time physical activity status and number of periods per
 

week of vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting 10 minutes or more among persons 18 years of age and
 

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ..................................................... 145 
 

XVIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over, by
 

selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ............................................................. 148 
 

XIX.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of having a usual place of health care among persons 18 years of
 

age and over, and of type of place among those persons 18 years of age and over with a usual place of health care,
 

by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 .......................................................... 150 
 

XX.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of number of office visits to a doctor or other health care
 

professional in the past 12 months among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:
 

United States, 2007................................................................................. 152 
 

XXI.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other health
 

care professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007 ......... 154 
 

XXII.	 Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other dental
 

health professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007........ 156 
 

XXIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among persons
 

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007..................................... 158 
 

vi
Objectives

This report presents health statistics

from the 2007 National Health Interview

Survey (NHIS) for the civilian

noninstitutionalized adult population,

classified by sex, age, race and ethnicity,

education, family income, poverty status,

health insurance coverage, marital status,

and place and region of residence.

Estimates are presented for selected

chronic conditions and mental health

characteristics, functional limitations,

health status, health behaviors, health

care access and utilization, and human

immunodeficiency virus testing.

Percentages and percent distributions are

presented in both age adjusted and

unadjusted versions.

Source of Data

NHIS is a household, multistage

probability sample survey conducted

annually by interviewers of the U.S.

Census Bureau for the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention’s

National Center for Health Statistics. In

2007, data were collected on 23,393

adults in the Sample Adult questionnaire.

The conditional response rate was

78.3%, and the final response rate was

67.8%. The health information for adults

in this report was obtained from one

randomly selected adult per family. In

very rare instances where the sample

adult was not able to respond for him- or

herself, a proxy was used.

Highlights

In 2007, 61% of adults 18 years of

age or over reported excellent or very

good health. Sixty-one percent of adults

never participated in any type of vigorous

leisure-time physical activity, and 15% of

adults did not have a usual place of

health care. Eleven percent of adults had

been told by a doctor or health

professional that they had heart disease,

and 23% had been told on two or more

visits that they had hypertension. Twenty

percent of all adults were current

smokers and 21% were former smokers.

Based on estimates of body mass index,

35% of adults were overweight and 26%

were obese.

Keywords: adult health c chronic

conditions c health behavior c health

utilization c mental health c HIV

Summary Health Statistics for
 

U.S. Adults: National Health

Interview Survey, 2007

By John R. Pleis, M.S., and Jacqueline W. Lucas, M.P.H.,

Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction
 

This report is one in a set of reports

summarizing data from the 2007

National Health Interview Survey

(NHIS), a multipurpose health survey

conducted by the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention’s (CDC)

National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS). This report provides national

estimates for a broad range of health

measures for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population of adults.

Two other reports in this year’s set

provide estimates for selected health

measures for the U.S. population and for

children under 18 years of age (1,2).

These three volumes of descriptive

statistics and highlights are published

for each year of the NHIS (3–5), and

since 1997 have replaced the annual,

one-volume Current Estimates series (6).

Estimates are presented here for

selected chronic conditions, selected

mental health characteristics, functional

limitations, health status, health

behaviors, health care access and

utilization, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing status,

and are derived from the Sample Adult

Core component of the annual NHIS

Basic Module. These health estimates

are shown in Tables 1–41 for various

subgroups of the population, including

those defined by sex, age, race and

ethnicity, education (for persons aged 25

years or over), family income, poverty

status, health insurance coverage,

marital status, place of residence, and

region of residence. Appendix I contains

brief Technical Notes and detailed

information about age adjustment and

unknown values (Tables I–III), Appendix

II contains definitions of selected terms

used in this report, and Appendix III

contains tables of unadjusted health

estimates.

The NHIS has been an important

source of information about health and

health care in the United States since it

was first conducted in 1957. Given the

ever-changing nature of the U.S.

population, the NHIS questionnaire has

been revised every 10 to 15 years, with

the latest revision occurring in 1997.

The first design changes were

introduced in 1973 and the first

procedural changes in 1975 (7). In 1982,

the NHIS questionnaire and data

preparation procedures of the survey

were extensively revised. The basic

concepts of the NHIS changed in some

cases, and in other cases the concepts

were measured in a different way. A

more complete explanation of the 1982

changes is in Appendix IV of Series 10,

No. 150 (8). In 1985, a new sample

design for NHIS and a different method

of presenting sampling errors were

introduced (9,10). In 1995, another

change in the sample design was

introduced, including the oversampling

of black and Hispanic or Latino

persons (11).

The 1997 NHIS featured both a

substantially revised instrument (in

terms of questionnaire content) and a

new means of administration (i.e.,

computer-assisted personal

interviewing). This new design improves

the ability of the NHIS to provide

important health information. However,

comparisons of NHIS data collected

before and after the beginning of 1997

should not be undertaken without a

careful examination of the changes

across survey instruments (6,8,10).

Page 1
Page 2 [ Series 10, No. 240

In response to the changing

demographics of the U.S. population, in

1997 the Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) issued new standards for

the collection of data on race and

Hispanic or Latino origin (12). Most

notably, the new standards allow

respondents to the census and federal

surveys to indicate more than one group

in answering questions on race.

Additionally, the category ‘‘Asian or

Pacific Islander’’ is now split into two

distinct categories, ‘‘Asian’’ and ‘‘Native

Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander’’

(NHOPI), for data collection purposes.

Although the NHIS had allowed

respondents to choose more than one

race group for many years, the NHIS

became completely compliant with all of

the new race and ethnicity standards

with the fielding of the 1999 survey.

The tables in this report reflect these

new standards. The text in this report

uses shorter versions of the new OMB

race and Hispanic or Latino origin terms

for conciseness, but the tables use the

complete terms. For example, the

category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino, black

or African American, single race’’ in the

tables is referred to as ‘‘non-Hispanic

black’’ in the text.

As has been mentioned previously,

the sample for the NHIS is redesigned

and redrawn about every 10 years to

better measure the changing U.S.

population and to meet new survey

objectives. A new sample design for the

NHIS was implemented in 2006. The

fundamental structure of the new 2006

NHIS sample design is very similar

to the previous 1995–2005 NHIS

sample design, including state-level

stratification. The new sample design

reduced the NHIS sample size by about

13% compared with the 1995–2005

NHIS. Oversampling of the black and

Hispanic populations has been retained

in 2006 (and beyond) to allow for more

precise estimation of health

characteristics in these growing minority

populations. The new sample design

also oversamples the Asian population.

In addition, the sample adult selection

process has been revised so that when

black, Hispanic, or Asian persons aged

65 years or over are present, they have

an increased chance of being selected as

the sample adult.

Additionally, beginning with the

2003 NHIS, editing procedures were

changed to maintain consistency with

the U.S. Census Bureau procedures for

collecting and editing data on race and

ethnicity. As a result of these changes,

in cases where ‘‘Other race’’ was

mentioned along with one or more

OMB race groups, the ‘‘Other race’’

response is dropped, and the OMB race

group information is retained on the

NHIS data file. In cases where ‘‘Other

race’’ was the only race response, it is

treated as missing and the race is

imputed. Although this change has

resulted in an increase in the number of

persons in the OMB race category

‘‘White’’ because this is numerically the

largest group, the change is not expected

to have a substantial effect on the

estimates in this report. More

information about the race and ethnicity

editing procedures used by the Census

Bureau can be found at the following

website: http://www.census.gov/popest/

archives/files/MRSF-01-US1.pdf.

Methods

Data Source

The main objective of the NHIS is

to monitor the health of the U.S.

population through the collection and

analysis of data on a broad range of

health topics. The target population for

the NHIS is the civilian

noninstitutionalized population of the

United States. Persons excluded are

patients in long-term care institutions

(e.g., nursing homes for the elderly;

hospitals for the chronically ill, disabled,

or retarded; and wards for abused or

neglected children), correctional

facilities (e.g., prisons or jails, juvenile

detention centers, halfway houses),

active duty Armed Forces personnel

(although their civilian family members

are included); and U.S. nationals living

in foreign countries. Each year, a

representative sample of households

across the country is selected for the

NHIS using a multistage cluster sample

design. Details on sample design used

for the 1995–2005 NHIS can be found

in ‘‘Design and Estimation for the

National Health Interview Survey,

1995–2004’’ (11). A new report

providing a complete description of the

2006 NHIS sample design is being

developed. Trained interviewers from

the U.S. Census Bureau visit each

selected household and administer the

NHIS in person. Detailed interviewer

instructions can be found in the NHIS

Field Representative’s Manual (13).

The annual NHIS questionnaire,

now called the Basic Module or Core,

consists of three main components: the

Family Core, the Sample Adult Core,

and the Sample Child Core. The Family

Core collects information for all family

members regarding household

composition and sociodemographic

characteristics, along with basic

indicators of health status, activity

limitations, and utilization of health care

services. All members of the household

17 years of age and over who are at

home at the time of the interview are

invited to participate and respond for

themselves. For children and for adults

not available during the interview,

information is provided by a

knowledgeable adult family member (18

years of age or over) residing in the

household. Although considerable effort

is made to ensure accurate reporting, the

information from both proxies and

self-respondents may be inaccurate

because the respondent is unaware of

relevant information, has forgotten it,

does not wish to reveal it to an

interviewer, or does not understand the

intended meaning of the question.

The Sample Adult and Sample

Child Cores obtain additional

information on the health of one

randomly selected adult and child in the

family. The sample adult responds for

himself or herself, and a knowledgeable

adult in the family provides proxy

responses for the sample child. In rare

instances when the sample adult is

mentally or physically incapable of

responding, proxy responses are

accepted for this person. The Sample

Adult Core, the primary source of data

for this report, collects information on

health conditions, activity limitations,

health behaviors, and access to and

utilization of health care services from

one randomly selected adult per family.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 3

The information regarding demographic

characteristics in this report is obtained

from the Family Core.

The interviewed sample for 2007

consisted of 29,266 households, which

yielded 75,764 persons in 29,915

families. There were 29,875 adults

eligible for the Sample Adult

questionnaire. Data were collected for

23,393 adults, a conditional response

rate of 78.3% (the number of completed

Sample Adult interviews divided by the

total number of eligible sample adults).

The unconditional or final response rate

for the Sample Adult Core component

was calculated by multiplying the

conditional rate by the overall family

response rate of 86.6%, yielding a final

Sample Adult component response rate

of 67.8% (14).

Estimation Procedures

The Sample Adult weights were

used to produce the national health

estimates contained in this report. For

each health measure, both weighted

frequencies and percentages (or rates)

for all adults and for various subgroups

of the adult population are shown. All

counts are expressed in thousands.

Counts for persons of unknown status

with respect to health characteristics of

interest are not shown separately in the

tables, nor are they included in the

calculation of percentages (or rates), to

make the presentation of the data more

straightforward. For all health measures

in this report, the percentages with

unknown values are typically small

(generally less than 1%) and are shown

in Table II in Appendix I. Nevertheless,

these unknown cases are included in the

total population counts shown in

selected tables. Therefore, it should be

noted that the reader may obtain slightly

different percentages than those shown

in the tables if percentages are

calculated based on the frequencies and

population counts presented in the

tables.

In addition, some of the

sociodemographic variables that are

used to delineate various subgroups of

the population have unknown values.

For most of these variables, the

percentage unknown is small. However,

in the case of family income, there is no

income information for about 6% of

sample adults in the 2007 survey, and

about 21% of sample adults only

provided a broad range for their family’s

income (refer to the section on Income

and Poverty Status Changes for more

information). Poverty status, which is

based on family income, has a high

nonresponse rate as a result (see

Appendix I) (15). Missing data on

family income and personal earnings in

the NHIS have been imputed by NCHS

analysts using multiple-imputation

methodology. Five ASCII data sets

containing imputed values for the survey

year and additional information about

the imputed income files can be found

at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.

However, income and poverty estimates

in this publication are based only on

reported income and may differ from

other measures that are based on

imputed data (which were not available

when this report was prepared). Health

estimates for sample adults with these

unknown sociodemographic

characteristics are not shown in the

tables. See Table III in Appendix I for

more information on the extent of

unknown data for income and poverty

status.

Transition to the 2000

Census-Based Weights

In Summary Health Statistics

reports prior to 2003, the weights for the

NHIS data were derived from 1990

census-based postcensal population

estimates. Beginning with the 2003 data,

NHIS transitioned to weights derived

from the 2000 census-based population

estimates. The impact of this transition

was assessed for the 2002 NHIS by

comparing estimates for selected health

characteristics using the 1990

census-based weights with those using

the 2000 census-based weights.

Although the effect of new population

controls on survey estimates differed by

type of health characteristic, the effect

of this change on health characteristic

rates was small but was somewhat

larger for weighted frequencies (16).

Age Adjustment

Beginning with the 2002 Summary

Health Statistics report, estimates have

been provided in two sets of tables.

Percentages in the first set (Tables 1–41)

were age adjusted to the 2000 U.S.

standard population. Age adjustment

was used to permit comparison among

various sociodemographic subgroups

that may have different age structures

(17,18). The age groups used for age

adjustment in this report are 18–44,

45–64, 65–74, and 75 years and over,

unless otherwise noted (see Table I in

Appendix I). Health insurance and

education are restricted to certain age

groups and are therefore adjusted

accordingly (see relevant footnotes on

tables for age groups). The age-adjusted

estimates shown in the tables may not

match age-adjusted estimates for the

same health characteristic in other

reports if different age groups were used

for age adjustment. Tables IV–XXIII in

Appendix III provide unadjusted

estimates so that readers may compare

current estimates with those published in

the 1997–2001 Summary Health

Statistics reports and may see the effects

of age adjustment on the 2007 estimates

(see Appendix I for details on age

adjustment). Frequency tables have been

removed from the set of unadjusted

tables in Appendix III to eliminate

redundancy in the report.

Sample Reductions in the

2007 National Health

Interview Survey

As in 2002–2004 and 2006, the

2007 National Health Interview Survey

(NHIS) was faced with a budget

shortfall. As a result, NCHS and the

Division of Health Interview Statistics

decided to reduce the size of the 2007

NHIS sample. The goal of the 2007

sample cuts was strictly monetary

savings. The NHIS sample was reduced

by approximately 50% during

July–September 2007. The 2007 sample

reduction was implemented in the same

way and during the same time of year

as the 2006 sample reduction. Overall,

about 13% of the households in the
Page 4 [ Series 10, No. 240

2007 NHIS sample were deleted from

interviewers’ assignments. This cutback

was in addition to the previously

mentioned 13% reduction due to the

new sample design in 2006.

New Metropolitan

Statistical Area Definitions

OMB defines metropolitan areas

according to published standards that are

applied to U.S. Census Bureau data. The

definition of a metropolitan area is

periodically reviewed. For NHIS data

from 1995 through 2005, the

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

definition was based on the 1993 OMB

standards using the 1990 census.

Beginning in 2006, the 2003 OMB

standards, based on Census 2000, are

used for NHIS data. The 2003 criteria

for designating MSAs differ from the

1993 criteria in substantial ways,

including simplification of the

classification criteria of metropolitan

areas as well as the addition of a new

category—micropolitan area—for some

of the nonmetropolitan counties. These

changes may lessen the comparability of

estimates by place of residence in 2006

and beyond with estimates from earlier

years. Analysts who compare NHIS

frequencies across this transition in

OMB standards need to recognize that

some of the differences may be due to

the change in the definitions of

metropolitan areas. In the tables for this

report, place of residence is based on

variables in the 2007 in-house

Household data file indicating MSA

status and MSA size. These variables

are collapsed into three categories

based on Census 2000 population:

MSAs with a population of 1,000,000

or more, MSAs with a population of

less than 1,000,000, and areas that are

not within an MSA. Areas not in an

MSA include both micropolitan areas

and areas outside the core-based

statistical areas. For additional

information about metropolitan

statistical areas see the census website:

http://www.census.gov/population/www/

estimates/metrodef.html.

Income and Poverty Status

Changes

Starting with the 2007 NHIS, the

income amount follow-up questions,

which had been in place since 1997,

were replaced with a series of unfolding

bracket questions. This decision was

based on (a) the relatively poor

performance of the 1997–2006 versions

of the follow-up income amount

questions, and (b) the results of a 2006

field test that compared unfolding

bracket follow-up questions to the

income amount follow-up questions

used since 1997. For more information

about the 2006 field test, data analysts

should refer to Appendix I.

The unfolding bracket method

utilized a series of closed-ended income

range questions (e.g., ‘‘Is it less than

$50,000?’’) for respondents who failed

to provide the exact amount of the

family’s income. The closed-ended

income range questions were

constructed so that each successive

question established a smaller range for

the amount of the family’s income in

the last calendar year.

Based on results from the 2006

field test, the unfolding bracket

follow-up income questions performed

better than the follow-up income

questions used from 1997 to 2006. For

example, the percentage of unknown

responses for a three-category poverty

status variable was 17% using the

income bracket follow-up questions

compared with 31% using the income

follow-up questions used from 1997 to

2006.

Because of these positive results,

the unfolding bracket income

follow-up questions were implemented

during the first quarter of the 2007

NHIS. Due to the differences in the

income follow-up questions between

1997 and 2006 and 2007, income and

poverty status estimates from 2007

may not be comparable with those

from prior years.

Limitations of the Data

As mentioned previously, the

redesigned NHIS is quite different in

content, format, and mode of data

collection from earlier versions of the

survey. These changes can make it

complex to compare 1997–2007 NHIS

estimates with those of earlier years.

The 2006–2007 NHIS is based on a

different sample design, including the

oversampling of all Asians as well as

Hispanic, black, or Asian sample adults

at least 65 years of age, and a

permanent sample reduction of 13%,

compared with the 1997–2005 NHIS.

The change in sample design should be

considered when comparing estimates

from the 2006–2007 NHIS with those

from earlier years. Beginning in 2003,

the NHIS uses weights derived from the

2000 census-based population estimates.

Analysts who compare NHIS

frequencies across this transition, e.g.,

comparing 2005 with 2002, need to

recognize that some of the observed

differences may be due to the change in

the population estimates. Unadjusted

percentage estimates shown in the

Appendix III tables of this report may

be compared with those published in

Summary Health Statistics reports of

1997–2001, which did not contain

age-adjusted estimates. Age-adjusted

estimates in this report should not be

compared with earlier unadjusted

estimates unless it can be demonstrated

that the effect of age adjustment is

minimal.

It is important to note that

frequencies are underestimates due to

item nonresponse and unknowns, both

of which are excluded from the tables

(with the exception of the ‘‘All persons’’

or ‘‘Total’’ columns shown in each

table). See Appendix I for more

information about the number of

unknowns with respect to each health

characteristic.

Interpretation of estimates should be

made only after reviewing Appendix I,

which contains important information

about the methods used to obtain the

estimates, changes in the survey

instrument, and any measurement issues

that are currently being evaluated.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 5

Variance Estimation and

Significance Testing

NHIS data are based on a sample

of the population, and are, therefore,

subject to sampling error. Standard

errors are reported to indicate the

reliability of the estimates. Estimates

and standard errors were calculated

using SUDAAN software that takes

into account the complex sampling

design of the NHIS. The Taylor

series linearization method was used

for variance estimation in

SUDAAN (19).

Standard errors are shown for all

percentages in the tables (but not for the

frequencies). Estimates with relative

standard errors of greater than 30% and

less than or equal to 50% are considered

statistically unreliable and are indicated

with an asterisk (*). Estimates with a

relative standard error greater than 50%

are indicated with a dagger (†) and the

estimates are not shown. The statistical

significance of differences between

point estimates was evaluated using

two-sided t-tests at the 0.05 level and

assuming independence. Terms such as

‘‘greater than,’’ ‘‘less than,’’ ‘‘more

likely,’’ ‘‘less likely,’’ ‘‘compared with,’’

or ‘‘opposed to’’ indicate a significant

difference between estimates, whereas

‘‘similar,’’ ‘‘no difference,’’ or

‘‘comparable’’ indicate that the

estimates are not significantly

different. A lack of commentary about

any two estimates should not be

interpreted to mean that a t-test was

performed and the difference was

found to be not significant.

Furthermore, these tests did not take

multiple comparisons into account.

Further Information

Data users can obtain the

latest information about NHIS

from the NCHS website:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.

The website features downloadable

public-use data and documentation for

recent National Health Interview

Surveys, as well as important

information about any modifications

or updates to the data and/or

documentation.

Researchers may also wish to join

the NHIS electronic mail list. To do so,

go to http://www.cdc.gov/subscribe.html.

Fill in the appropriate information, and

click the ‘‘National Health Interview

Survey (NHIS) researchers’’ box,

followed by the ‘‘Subscribe’’ button at

the bottom of the page. The Listserv

consists of approximately 4,000 NHIS

data users located around the world who

receive e-news about NHIS data (e.g.,

new releases of data or modifications to

existing data), publications, conferences,

and workshops.

Selected Highlights

In the following section, brief,

bulleted summaries of the estimates

shown in Tables 1–41 are presented.

Estimates were age adjusted by the

direct method using the 2000 U.S.

population as the standard population. In

most cases, the age groups used to

adjust estimates are the same age groups

presented in the tables (see table notes

for age adjustment groups). All

estimates were calculated using the

Sample Adult Weight variable, which is

calibrated by NCHS staff to produce

numbers consistent with estimates of the

adult civilian noninstitutionalized

population of the United States by sex,

age, and race and ethnicity, based on

projections from the 2000 U.S. Census.

Selected Circulatory

Conditions (Tables 1,2)

+	 Overall, 11% of adults 18 years of

age and over had ever been told by

a doctor or other health professional

they had heart disease, 6% had ever

been told they had coronary heart

disease, 23% had been told on two

or more visits that they had

hypertension, and 2% had ever been

told they had experienced a stroke.

+	 Among adults 18 years of age and

over, men were more likely to have

ever been told they had coronary

heart disease than were women. No

differences were seen in the

prevalence of hypertension between

men and women.

+	 There was a positive relationship

between age and the presence of

heart disease (including coronary

heart disease), hypertension, and

stroke; as age increased, the

percentages of adults with these

conditions also increased.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, Asian adults were less

likely to have ever been told they

had any type of heart disease than

were white adults. Asian adults and

white adults were less likely to have

been told they had hypertension

compared with black adults.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, Hispanic

adults were less likely to have been

told than they had any type of heart

disease than non-Hispanic white

adults. Thirty-two percent of

non-Hispanic black adults had ever

been told they had hypertension

compared with 21% of Hispanic

adults and 23% of non-Hispanic

white adults.

+	 Education was inversely associated

with heart disease (any type),

hypertension, and stroke; as the

educational level increased, the

percentages of adults with these

conditions decreased.

+	 Poverty level was inversely

associated with heart disease (any

type) and hypertension; adults in

families that were poor and near

poor were more likely to have ever

been told they had these conditions

than were adults in families that

were not poor.

+	 Among adults under age 65 years,

those covered by Medicaid or

‘‘other’’ insurance were more likely

to have been told they had heart

disease (any type), hypertension, or

stroke than those with either private

insurance or no insurance. Among

adults 65 years and over, those

covered by Medicaid and Medicare

were more likely to have been told

they had heart disease (any type),

hypertension, or stroke than those

with either Medicare alone or

private insurance.
Page 6 [ Series 10, No. 240

+	 Thirty-five percent of non-Hispanic

black women had hypertension

compared with 22% of non-Hispanic

white women and 22% of Hispanic

women. Twenty-nine percent of

non-Hispanic black men had

hypertension compared with 23% of

non-Hispanic white men and 19% of

Hispanic men. Non-Hispanic white

men had the highest percentage of

heart disease (any type) compared

with other single race sex-ethnicity

groups.

Selected Respiratory

Conditions (Tables 3,4)

+	 Overall, 2% of adults 18 years of

age and over had ever been told by

a doctor or other health professional

they had emphysema. Eleven

percent had ever been told they had

asthma and 7% still had asthma.

Eight percent of adults had been

told in the past 12 months that they

had hay fever, 11% had been told

they had sinusitis, and 3% had been

told they had chronic bronchitis.

+	 Women were more likely to have

been told they had asthma, hay

fever, sinusitis, or chronic bronchitis

than were men. Men were more

likely to have been told they had

emphysema than were women.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, Asian adults were less

likely to have been told in the past

12 months they had sinusitis or to

have been ever told they had asthma

than either black or white adults.

+	 Hispanic adults had lower rates of

asthma, hay fever, sinusitis, and

chronic bronchitis than non-Hispanic

white adults and had lower rates for

sinusitis and chronic bronchitis than

did non-Hispanic black adults.

+	 Adults with a bachelor’s degree or

higher were less likely to have been

told they had emphysema or chronic

bronchitis when compared with

other education groups.

+	 Adults in poor families had higher

percentages of emphysema, asthma,

and chronic bronchitis than adults in

families that were not poor.

However, adults in families that

were not poor had higher

percentages of hay fever than adults

in poor families.

+	 Among adults under age 65 years,

those insured by Medicaid had

higher percentages of emphysema,

asthma, and chronic bronchitis than

those with private insurance or who

were uninsured. Similarly, among

adults age 65 years and over, those

insured by Medicaid and Medicare

had higher percentages of

emphysema, asthma, and chronic

bronchitis than those with only

Medicare health care coverage.

+	 The percentage of adults with

sinusitis was higher in the South

than in any other region of the

United States. The percentage of

adults with hay fever was highest in

the West and the Northeast.

+	 Compared with other single race

sex-ethnicity groups, white

non-Hispanic women and black

non-Hispanic women were the most

likely to have sinusitis or chronic

bronchitis.

Selected Cancers

(Tables 5,6)

+	 Overall, 7% of adults 18 years of

age and over had ever been told by

a doctor or other health professional

they had some form of cancer.

+	 As age increased, the percentage of

adults who had ever been told by a

doctor or other health professional

that they had cancer, breast cancer,

or prostate cancer increased.

+	 Eight percent of non-Hispanic white

adults had ever been told they had

some form of cancer compared with

5% of non-Hispanic black adults

and 4% of Hispanic adults.

+	 When considering single race

sex-ethnicity groups, non-Hispanic

white women and men had the

highest overall percentages of ever

having been told by a doctor or

other health professional that they

had cancer.

Diabetes, Ulcers, Kidney

Disease, Liver Disease, and

Arthritis and Chronic Joint

Symptoms (Tables 7,8)

+	 Overall, 8% of adults 18 years of

age and over had ever been told by

a doctor or other health professional

that they had diabetes, 6% had ever

been told they had an ulcer, 2% had

been told in the past 12 months that

they had kidney disease, and 1%

had been told in the past 12 months

that they had liver disease.

+	 Twenty percent of adults had ever

been told by a doctor or other health

care professional that they had some

form of arthritis, rheumatoid

arthritis, gout, lupus, or

fibromyalgia, and 24% had chronic

joint symptoms (e.g., pain or

stiffness in or around a joint in the

past 30 days that began more than 3

months ago).

+	 Women were more likely to be

diagnosed with arthritis or to have

chronic joint symptoms than were

men.

+	 Age was positively associated both

with arthritis diagnosis and the

presence of chronic joint symptoms.

Fifty-three percent of adults 75

years of age and over had an

arthritis diagnosis compared with

7% of adults 18–44 years of age;

43% of adults 75 years of age and

over had chronic joint symptoms

compared with 13% of adults 18–44

years of age.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, American Indian and

Alaska Native adults as well as

black adults had higher percentages

of diabetes compared with white

adults. Asian adults were less likely

to have arthritis or chronic joint

symptoms than white adults, black

adults, and American Indian or

Alaska Native adults.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, Hispanic

adults and non-Hispanic black adults

were more likely to have been told

by a doctor or other health
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 7

professional that they had diabetes

compared with non-Hispanic white

adults. Hispanic adults were less

likely to have arthritis or chronic

joint symptoms compared with

non-Hispanic white adults and

non-Hispanic black adults.

+	 There was an inverse relationship of

diabetes with level of education:

13% of adults with less than a high

school diploma had diabetes

compared with 6% of adults with a

bachelor’s degree or higher. A

similar pattern was seen for ulcers,

kidney disease, liver disease,

arthritis, and chronic joint

symptoms.

+	 Adults in poor families were more

likely to have ever been told by a

doctor or other health professional

they had diabetes, ulcers, kidney

disease, arthritis, or chronic joint

symptoms than were adults in

families that were not poor.

+	 Among adults under age 65 years,

those covered by Medicaid had

higher percentages of diabetes,

ulcers, kidney disease, liver disease,

arthritis, and chronic joint symptoms

than those covered by private

insurance or who were uninsured.

Among adults aged 65 years and

over, those covered by Medicaid and

Medicare had higher percentages of

diabetes, arthritis, and chronic joint

symptoms than those with private

insurance or who had only Medicare

health care coverage.

+	 When results are considered by sex

and ethnicity, non-Hispanic white

men and women were less likely to

have been told they had diabetes

than Hispanic or non-Hispanic black

men and women. Hispanic men and

women and non-Hispanic black men

were less likely to have chronic

joint symptoms than were

non-Hispanic white men and women

and non-Hispanic black women.

Pain (Tables 9,10)

+	 During the 3 months prior to the

interview, 12% of adults had

experienced a migraine or severe

headache, 13% had experienced pain

in the neck area, 25% had

experienced pain in the lower back,

and 4% had experienced pain in the

face or jaw area.

+	 Women were more likely to

experience pain (in the form of

migraines, neck pain, lower back

pain, or face or jaw pain) than men.

Women were twice as likely to

experience migraines or severe

headaches, or pain in the face or

jaw, than men.

+	 The percentage of persons

experiencing migraines or severe

headaches was inversely related to

age. Fifteen percent of adults 18–44

years of age experienced a migraine

or severe headache in the 3 months

prior to the interview compared with

12% of adults 45–64 years of age,

6% of adults 65–74 years of age,

and 4% of adults 75 years of age

and over.

+	 Adults 18–44 years of age were less

likely to have experienced pain in

the lower back during the 3 months

prior to the interview compared with

older adults.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, Asian adults were less

likely to have pain in the lower back

when compared with white adults

and black adults.

+	 Adults with a bachelor’s degree or

higher were less likely to have

migraine headaches, neck pain, or

lower back pain compared with

adults who did not graduate from

high school.

+	 Adults in poor and near poor

families were more likely to

experience migraine headaches, neck

pain, or lower back pain in the 3

months prior to the interview than

were adults in families that were not

poor.

+	 Among adults under age 65, those

covered by Medicaid were more

likely to have migraine headaches,

neck pain, lower back pain, or pain

in the face or jaw compared with

those with private insurance or those

who were uninsured. Among adults

age 65 years and over, those

covered by Medicaid and Medicare

were more likely to have migraine

headaches, neck pain, lower back

pain, or pain in the face or jaw than

those with private insurance or only

Medicare health care coverage.

Hearing and Vision

Trouble and Absence of

Natural Teeth

(Tables 11,12)

+	 Overall, 15% of adults 18 years of

age and over experienced some

hearing difficulty without a hearing

aid (defined as ‘‘a little trouble

hearing,’’ ‘‘moderate trouble,’’ ‘‘a lot

of trouble,’’ or ‘‘deaf’’). Men were

more likely to have experienced

hearing trouble than were women.

+	 Ten percent of the adult population

experienced vision trouble (defined

as trouble seeing, even with glasses

or contact lenses). Women were

more likely to have experienced

vision trouble than men.

+	 Eight percent of the adult population

in the United States had lost all their

natural teeth.

+	 Age was positively associated with

hearing difficulties (without a

hearing aid), vision trouble (even

with glasses or contact lenses), and

the loss of all natural teeth; as age

increased, the percentages of adults

with these conditions also increased.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, Asian adults and black

adults were less likely to have

experienced some form of hearing

difficulty (without a hearing aid)

than were white adults and

American Indian or Alaska Native

adults. Six percent of Asian adults

had experienced some form of

vision trouble (even with glasses or

contact lenses) compared with 10%

of white adults, 11% of black adults,

and 18% or American Indian or

Alaska Native adults.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, 17% of

non-Hispanic white adults

experienced some form of hearing

difficulty (without a hearing aid)

compared with 8% of non-Hispanic

black adults and 11% of Hispanic

adults. Non-Hispanic black adults

were more likely to have lost all

their natural teeth than were

Hispanic adults or non-Hispanic
Page 8 [ Series 10, No. 240

white adults.

+	 Absence of all natural teeth was

inversely associated with education;

15% of adults with less than a high

school diploma had lost all their

natural teeth compared with 3% of

adults with a bachelor’s degree or

higher.

+	 Sixteen percent of adults in poor

families experienced vision trouble

(even with glasses or contact lenses)

compared with 9% of adults in

families that were not poor. The

poor and near poor were more likely

to have lost all their natural teeth

than those who were not poor.

+	 Among adults under age 65 years,

those covered by Medicaid were

more likely to have hearing trouble,

vision trouble (even with glasses or

contact lenses), or absence of all

natural teeth compared with those

with private insurance or no

insurance. Among adults age 65

years and over, those covered by

Medicaid and Medicare were more

likely to have vision trouble (even

with glasses or contact lenses), or

absence of all natural teeth, than

those with only Medicare health

care coverage or private insurance.

+	 Adults not living in an MSA were

more likely to have hearing

difficulty (without a hearing aid),

vision trouble (even with glasses or

contact lenses), or absence of all

natural teeth compared with those

living in a large MSA.

+	 When results are considered by sex

and ethnicity, non-Hispanic white

men were more likely to have had

hearing trouble compared with other

men or women.

Feelings of Sadness,

Hopelessness, Worthlessness,

or That Everything is an

Effort (Tables 13,14)

+	 Overall, 10% of adults experienced

feelings of sadness for all, most, or

some of the time during the 30 days

prior to the interview; 6% felt

hopelessness; 5% felt worthlessness;

and 13% felt like everything was an

effort for all, most, or some of the

time during the same time period.

+	 Twelve percent of women felt sad

for all, most, or some of the time

during the 30 days prior to the

interview compared with 8% of

men. Women were also more likely

to have feelings of hopelessness,

worthlessness, or that everything is

an effort during the 30 days prior to

the interview than were men.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, nonHispanic white adults were less

likely to have feelings of sadness

all, most, or some of the time during

the 30 days prior to the interview

than either non-Hispanic black

adults or Hispanic adults.

Non-Hispanic black adults were

more likely to feel that everything is

an effort all, most, or some of the

time during the 30 days prior to the

interview than either non-Hispanic

white adults or Hispanic adults.

+	 Level of education was inversely

associated with feelings of sadness,

hopelessness, worthlessness, or that

everything is an effort; the highest

percentage of adults with these

feelings was for adults with less

than a high school diploma, and

those least likely to have these

feelings were those with a

bachelor’s degree or higher.

+	 Adults in poor families were at least

twice as likely as adults in families

that were not poor to feel sad,

hopeless, worthless, or that

everything is an effort for all, most,

or some of the time during the 30

days prior to the interview.

+	 Among adults under age 65, 25% of

those who had Medicaid health care

coverage experienced feelings of

sadness for all, most, or some of the

time during the 30 days prior to the

interview compared with 15% of

those who were uninsured and 6%

of those who had private health

insurance. Also, adults under age 65

years who had Medicaid health care

coverage were nearly twice as likely

to feel hopeless, worthless, or that

everything is an effort for all, most,

or some of the time during the 30

days prior to the interview than

were adults under age 65 years who

were either uninsured or who had

private health insurance.

+	 Among adults aged 65 years and

over, 19% of those who had

Medicaid and Medicare health care

coverage experienced feelings of

sadness for all, most, or some of the

time during the 30 days prior to the

interview compared with 11% of

those who had only Medicare health

care coverage and 8% of those who

had private health insurance. Also,

adults aged 65 years and over who

had Medicaid and Medicare health

care coverage were at least two

times as likely to feel everything is

an effort for all, most, or some of

the time during the 30 days prior to

the interview as those who had

private health insurance or only

Medicare health care coverage.

+	 Divorced adults were more likely to

have feelings of sadness or that

everything is an effort compared

with adults who were married or

adults who have never married.

Feelings of Nervousness or

Restlessness (Tables 15,16)

+	 Overall, 13% of adults experienced

feelings of nervousness and 15% of

adults experienced feelings of

restlessness for all, most, or some of

the time during the 30 days prior to

the interview.

+	 Sixteen percent of women felt

nervous for all, most, or some of the

time during the 30 days prior to the

interview compared with 11% of

men. Similarly, women were more

likely to feel restless all, most, or

some of the time during the 30 days

prior to the interview than were

men.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, nonHispanic white adults had more

feelings of nervousness or

restlessness compared with

non-Hispanic black adults and

Hispanic adults.

+	 Level of education was inversely

associated with feelings of

nervousness or restlessness; the

highest percentage of adults with

these feelings were adults with less

than a high school diploma, and

those least likely to have these
feelings were those with a
 

bachelor’s degree or higher.
 

+	 Adults in poor families were more

likely than adults in families that

were not poor to feel nervous or

restless for all, most, or some of the

time during the 30 days prior to the

interview.

+	 Among adults under age 65 years,

26% of those who had Medicaid

health care coverage experienced

feelings of nervousness for all, most,

or some of the time during the 30

days prior to the interview compared

with 15% of those who were

uninsured and 12% of those who

had private health insurance. Also,

adults under age 65 years who had

Medicaid health care coverage were

more likely to experience feelings of

restlessness for all, most, or some of

the time during the 30 days prior to

the interview than those adults under

age 65 years who were either

uninsured or who had private health

insurance.

+	 Among adults aged 65 years and

over, 25% of those who had

Medicaid and Medicare health care

coverage experienced feelings of

nervousness for all, most, or some

of the time during the 30 days prior

to the interview compared with 11%

of those who had only Medicare

health care coverage or 11% of

those who had private health

insurance. Also, adults age 65 years

and over who had Medicaid and

Medicare health care coverage were

more likely to experience feelings of

restlessness for all, most, or some of

the time during the 30 days prior to

the interview than were adults age

65 years and over who had only

Medicare health care coverage or

private health insurance.

+	 Adults who were married were the

least likely to have feelings of

nervousness or restlessness

compared with adults who were

divorced or separated, never

married, or living with a partner.

+	 Adults who did not live in a MSA

were more likely to have feelings of

restlessness when compared with

adults who lived in a large MSA.

Work-Loss Days and Bed

Days (Table 17)

+	 Employed adults 18 years of age

and over experienced an average of

4 work-loss days per person due to

illness or injury in the past 12

months, for a total of approximately

628 million work-loss days.

+	 Adults 18 years of age and over

experienced an average of 5 bed

days per person due to illness or

injury in the past 12 months, for a

total of 992 million bed days.

+	 Women experienced an average of 6

bed days per person due to illness or

injury in the past 12 months

compared with an average of 4 bed

days per person for men.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, nonHispanic black adults had an

average of 6 bed days per person

due to illness or injury in the past

12 months compared with an

average of 4 bed days per person for

Hispanic adults. The comparison

between non-Hispanic black and

non-Hispanic white adults was not

statistically significant.

+	 Adults with less than a high school

diploma had an average of 7 bed

days per person due to illness or

injury in the past 12 months

compared with 3 bed days per adult

with at least a bachelor’s degree.

+	 Adults in poor families averaged 9

bed days per person due to illness or

injury in the past 12 months

compared with 3 bed days per

person among adults in families that

were not poor.

+	 Among adults under age 65 years,

those who had Medicaid health care

coverage averaged 13 bed days per

person due to illness or injury in the

past 12 months compared with 3

bed days per person for those who

had private health insurance and 4

bed days per person for those who

were uninsured. Among adults at

least 65 years of age, those with

Medicaid and Medicare health care

coverage had 13 bed days per

person compared with 5 bed days

per person for those with private

insurance. The comparison between

Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 9

persons with Medicaid and Medicare

health care coverage and those with

only Medicare health care coverage

was not statistically significant.

+	 Adults who were divorced or

separated had 7 bed days per person

due to illness or injury in the past

12 months compared with 4 bed

days per person for those who were

married, 3 bed days per person for

those who were living with a

partner, and 3 bed days per person

for those who were never married.

+	 When results are considered by sex

and ethnicity, non-Hispanic black

women had 7 bed days per person

due to illness or injury in the past

12 months compared with 5 bed

days per person for Hispanic

women. The difference between

non-Hispanic black women and

non-Hispanic white women was not

statistically significant. Hispanic

men had 2 bed days per person

compared with 4 bed days per

person for non-Hispanic white men.

The difference between Hispanic

men and non-Hispanic black men

was not statistically significant.

Difficulties in Physical

Functioning (Tables 18,19)

+	 Overall, 15% of adults had great

difficulty with at least one of nine

physical activities performed without

help and without the use of special

equipment (responding ‘‘very

difficult to do’’ or ‘‘can’t do at all’’

to walking a quarter of a mile;

climbing 10 steps without resting;

standing for 2 hours; sitting for 2

hours; stooping, bending, or

kneeling; reaching over the head;

using the fingers to grasp or handle

small objects; lifting or carrying 10

pounds; or pushing or pulling large

objects).

+	 Only 2% of adults had difficulty

grasping or handling small objects;

9% had difficulty standing for 2

hours, or stooping, bending, or

kneeling; 7% had difficulty walking

a quarter of a mile; 6% had

difficulty pushing or pulling large

objects; and 5% had difficulty

climbing 10 steps without resting.
Page 10 [ Series 10, No. 240

+	 Seventeen percent of women had at

least one physical difficulty

compared with 12% of men, and

more women than men had

difficulty performing each of the

nine physical activities.

+	 Age was positively associated with

the presence of at least one physical

difficulty; as age increased, the

percentage of adults finding at least

one of these activities very difficult

or impossible to do also increased.

The percentage of adults with this

level of difficulty in each of the nine

activities increased sharply both at

age 65 years and at age 75 years

and over.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, 18% of black adults had at

least one physical difficulty

compared with 14% of white adults

and 9% of Asian adults.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, a higher

percentage of non-Hispanic black

adults found at least one of the nine

physical activities very difficult or

impossible to do, compared with

non-Hispanic white adults and

Hispanic adults.

+	 Level of education was inversely

associated with difficulty in any and

in each of the nine activities; as

education increased, the percentage

of adults with difficulty performing

the nine physical activities

decreased.

+	 Adults in poor families were more

than twice as likely to have

difficulty with each of the nine

activities as were adults in families

that were not poor.

+	 Among all ages, Medicaid health

care coverage was associated with

increased difficulty in performing at

least one of the nine physical

activities. For adults less than 65

years of age, those with Medicaid

health care coverage were at least

three times as likely to have at least

one physical difficulty when

compared with adults with private

insurance and adults who were

uninsured. Similarly for adults at

least 65 years of age, 61% of those

with Medicaid and Medicare health

care coverage reported at least one

physical difficulty compared with

35% of those with private insurance

and 38% of those with only

Medicare health care coverage.

+	 When results are considered by

single race, sex, and ethnicity,

non-Hispanic black women were

more likely to find at least one of

the nine physical activities very

difficult or impossible to do, when

compared with the other combined

single race, sex, and ethnicity

groupings.

Respondent-Assessed

Health Status

(Tables 20,21)

+	 Overall, 61% of adults 18 years of

age and over were in excellent or

very good health, 26% were in good

health, and 13% were in fair or poor

health.

+	 Health status was inversely

associated with age; as age

increased the percentage of adults

with excellent health or very good

health decreased, and the percentage

of adults with fair or poor health

increased.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, 43% of American Indian

or Alaska Native adults had

excellent or very good health

compared with 63% of white adults,

59% of Asian adults, and 53% of

black adults.

+	 When considering results by single

race and ethnicity, non-Hispanic

white adults were more likely to

have excellent or very good health

and were less likely to have fair or

poor health than either non-Hispanic

black or Hispanic adults.

+	 Level of education was positively

associated with health status; 74%

of adults with a bachelor’s degree or

higher were in excellent or very

good health compared with 38% of

adults with less than a high school

diploma. Twenty-eight percent of

adults with less than a high school

diploma were in fair-to-poor health

compared with 6% of adults with a

bachelor’s degree or higher.

+	 Adults in families that were not

poor were more likely to have

excellent or very good health

compared with adults in poor and

near poor families, and adults in

near poor and poor families were

two to three times as likely to have

fair or poor health compared with

adults in families that were not poor.

+	 Among adults under age 65 years,

73% of those with private health

insurance had excellent or very good

health compared with 55% of adults

under age 65 without health

insurance coverage and 38% of

adults with Medicaid health care

coverage. Only 6% of adults under

age 65 years with private health

insurance were in fair or poor health

compared with 14% of those

without health insurance coverage

and 33% of those with Medicaid

health care coverage.

+	 Among adults age 65 years and

over, 52% of those who had

Medicaid and Medicare health care

coverage had fair or poor health

compared with 29% of those with

only Medicare health care coverage

and 22% of those with private

health insurance.

+	 Married adults were less likely to

have fair or poor health compared

with adults who were widowed,

divorced or separated, never

married, or were living with a

partner.

+	 Adults who did not live in an MSA

were more likely to have fair or

poor health than adults who lived in

a large or small MSA.

+	 Adults living in the South were

more likely to have fair or poor

health compared with adults living

in other regions.

+	 Sixty-four percent of non-Hispanic

white women were in excellent or

very good health compared with

50% of Hispanic women and 51%

of non-Hispanic black women.

Conversely, only 12% of nonHispanic white women were in fair

or poor health compared with 19%

of Hispanic women and 21% of

non-Hispanic black women.

Similarly, 64% of non-Hispanic

white men were in excellent or very
good health compared with 56% of

Hispanic men and 54% of nonHispanic black men. Only 12% of

non-Hispanic white men were in fair

or poor health compared with 15%

of Hispanic men and 17% of

non-Hispanic black men.

Current Health Status

Relative to Health Status

1 Year Ago (Tables 22,23)

+	 Among adults with excellent or

very good health in 2007, the

health of 79% was about the same

as a year ago and the health of

17% had improved. Among adults

with good health in 2007, the

health of 73% was about the same

as a year ago, the health of 19%

had improved, and the health of

9% was worse than in 2006.

Among adults with fair or poor

health in 2007, the health of 54%

was about the same as a year ago,

the health of 15% had improved,

and the health of 32% was worse

than last year.

Current Cigarette Smoking

Status (Tables 24,25)

+	 Overall, 20% of adults 18 years of

age and over were current cigarette

smokers, 21% were former smokers,

and 59% had never smoked at least

100 cigarettes in their lifetime.

Twenty-two percent of men were

current smokers compared with 18%

of women. Sixty-five percent of

women had never smoked compared

with 53% of men.

+	 As age increased, the percentage of

current smokers decreased.

However, adults who were 18–44

years of age were more likely to

have never smoked than adults 45

years of age and over.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, 9% of Asian adults were

current smokers compared with 19%

of black adults, 20% of white adults,

and 28% of American Indian or

Alaska Native adults.

+	 Fifty-four percent of non-Hispanic

white adults had never smoked

compared with 67% of non-Hispanic

black adults and 71% of Hispanic

adults.

+	 Hispanic adults were nearly one-half

as likely to be everyday smokers

when compared to non-Hispanic

white and non-Hispanic black adults.

However, no statistically significant

differences were seen for some day

smokers by race and ethnicity.

+	 Adults with at least a bachelor’s

degree were less likely than other

adults to be current smokers and

more likely to have never smoked.

+	 Adults in families that were not

poor were less likely to be current

smokers and more likely to be

former smokers than adults in

families that were near poor or poor.

+	 Among adults under 65 years of

age, 17% with private health

insurance coverage were current

smokers compared with 33% who

were uninsured and 33% who had

Medicaid health care coverage. In

addition, adults under 65 years of

age who had private health

insurance coverage were more likely

to have never smoked than adults in

this age group who were uninsured

or who had Medicaid health care

coverage.

+	 Adults living in the West were more

likely to have never smoked

compared with adults living in other

regions.

+	 Eight percent of Hispanic women

were current smokers compared with

15% of non-Hispanic black women

and 21% of non-Hispanic white

women. Eighty-one percent of

Hispanic women and 73% of

non-Hispanic black women had

never smoked compared with 58%

of non-Hispanic white women.

Among men, 17% of Hispanic men,

24% of non-Hispanic black men,

and 24% of non-Hispanic white men

were current smokers; 60% of

Hispanic men and 57% of

non-Hispanic black men had never

smoked compared with 49% of

non-Hispanic white men.

Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 11

Alcohol Drinking Status

(Tables 26,27)

+	 Overall, 49% of adults 18 years of

age and over were current regular

drinkers, 12% were current

infrequent drinkers, 6% were former

regular drinkers, 8% were former

infrequent drinkers, and 24% were

lifetime abstainers.

+	 Fifty-eight percent of men were

current regular drinkers compared

with 40% of women. Men were also

more likely to be former regular

drinkers than were women. Women

were more likely to be current or

former infrequent drinkers or

lifetime abstainers than were men.

+	 As age increased, the percentage of

adults who were current regular

drinkers decreased.

+	 Asian adults were more likely to be

lifetime abstainers compared with

other single race groups (excluding

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific

Islander).

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, 54% of

non-Hispanic white adults were

current regular drinkers compared

with 38% of Hispanic adults and

36% of non-Hispanic black adults.

Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic

black adults were almost twice as

likely as non-Hispanic white adults

to be lifetime abstainers.

+	 Educational attainment and family

income were positively associated

with current regular drinking status

and inversely associated with being

a lifetime abstainer.

+	 Among adults under 65 years of

age, 57% of those who had private

health insurance coverage were

current regular drinkers compared

with 47% of those who were

uninsured and 29% of those who

had Medicaid health care coverage.

+	 Among adults aged 65 years and

over, 35% of those who had private

health insurance coverage were

current regular drinkers compared

with 28% of those who had only

Medicare health care coverage and

11% of those who had Medicaid and

Medicare health care coverage.
Page 12 [ Series 10, No. 240

+	 Adults who were living with a

partner were more likely to be

current regular drinkers compared

with other marital status categories.

+	 Regionally, 28% of adults living in

the South were lifetime abstainers,

in contrast to 25% in the West, 21%

in the Midwest, and 19% in the

Northeast.

+	 Twenty-two percent of non-Hispanic

white women were lifetime

abstainers compared with 50% of

Hispanic women and 42% of

non-Hispanic black women.

Conversely, 47% of non-Hispanic

white women were current regular

drinkers compared with 27% of

non-Hispanic black women and 21%

of Hispanic women. Among men,

14% of non-Hispanic white men

were lifetime abstainers compared

with 21% of Hispanic men and 25%

of non-Hispanic black men; 62% of

non-Hispanic white men were

current regular drinkers compared

with 54% of Hispanic men and 47%

of non-Hispanic black men.

Leisure-Time Physical

Activity Status and

Frequency of Vigorous

Leisure-Time Physical

Activity (Tables 28,29)

+	 When considering all leisure-time

physical activity, 39% of adults were

considered inactive, 30% of adults

had some leisure-time physical

activity, and 31% of adults engaged

in leisure-time physical activity on a

regular basis. Regarding vigorous

leisure-time physical activity, 61%

of adults 18 years of age and over

never engaged in any periods of

vigorous leisure-time physical

activity lasting 10 minutes or more

per week, and 24% engaged in such

activity three or more times per

week.

+	 Regarding all leisure-time physical

activity, women were more inactive

than men and men engaged in

leisure-time physical activity on a

regular basis more often than

women. Regarding vigorous

leisure-time physical activity, 56%

of men never engaged in periods of

vigorous leisure-time physical

activity lasting 10 minutes or more

per week compared with 66% of

women. Twenty-seven percent of

men engaged in such activities three

or more times per week compared

with 22% of women.

+	 When all leisure-time physical

activity is considered by single race

and ethnicity, non-Hispanic white

adults were more active than

Hispanic adults or non-Hispanic

black adults. Regarding vigorous

leisure-time physical activity, 58%

percent of non-Hispanic white adults

never engaged in periods of

vigorous leisure-time physical

activity compared with 69% of

non-Hispanic black adults and 72%

of Hispanic adults. Twenty-seven

percent of non-Hispanic white adults

engaged in such activities three or

more times per week compared with

19% of non-Hispanic black adults

and 18% of Hispanic adults.

+	 When considering all leisure-time

physical activity, inactive adults

were more likely to have lower

levels of educational attainment and

income and were more likely to be

poor or near poor. The converse was

true for adults who engaged in

leisure-time physical activity on a

regular basis. Regarding vigorous

leisure-time physical activity,

educational attainment, family

income, and nonpoverty status were

inversely associated with engaging

in periods of vigorous leisure-time

physical activity; 84% of adults with

less than a high school diploma

never engaged in periods of

vigorous leisure-time physical

activity compared with 46% of

adults with a bachelor’s degree or

higher; 76% of adults in poor

families never engaged in periods of

vigorous leisure-time physical

activity compared with 55% of

adults in families that were not poor.

Thirty-five percent of adults with a

bachelor’s degree or higher engaged

in vigorous leisure-time physical

activity three or more times a week

compared with 10% of adults with

less than a high school diploma.

Twenty-eight percent of adults in

families that were not poor engaged

in vigorous leisure-time physical

activity three or more times a week

compared with 15% of those in poor

families.

+	 Regarding overall leisure-time

physical activity status, adults living

in a MSA were less likely to be

inactive and more likely to engage

in leisure-time physical activity on a

regular basis than were adults who

did not live in a MSA. Also, a

higher percentage of adults who did

not reside in an MSA had never

engaged in periods of vigorous

leisure-time physical activity lasting

10 minutes or more per week

compared with adults who resided in

an MSA.

+	 When considering overall

leisure-time physical activity, adults

living in the South were more likely

to be inactive and less likely to have

engaged in any leisure-time physical

activity when compared with other

regions. In addition, a greater

percentage of adults in the South

never engaged in any periods of

vigorous leisure-time physical

activity lasting 10 minutes or more

per week compared with adults

living in other regions.

Body Mass Index

(Tables 30,31)

+	 Based on their body mass index, 2%

of adults 18 years of age and over

were underweight, 37% were at a

healthy weight, 35% were

overweight (but not obese), and 26%

were obese.

+	 Forty-four percent of women were

at a healthy weight compared with

30% of men. Forty-two percent of

men were overweight (but not

obese) compared with 28% of

women. Women were nearly three

times as likely to be underweight

than were men. Obesity percentages

were similar between men and

women.

+	 When results are considered by

single race without regard to

ethnicity, 57% of Asian adults were

at a healthy weight compared with

37% of white adults, 33% of
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 13

American Indian or Alaska Native

adults, and 28% of black adults.

Black adults and American Indian or

Alaska Native adults were three to

four times as likely to be obese as

Asian adults. White adults were

about three times as likely as Asian

adults to be obese.

+ When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, 36% of

non-Hispanic black adults were

obese compared with 28% of

Hispanic adults and 25% of

non-Hispanic white adults. Hispanic

adults were more likely to be

overweight (but not obese) than

either non-Hispanic white or

non-Hispanic black adults.

+ Educational attainment was

positively associated with a healthy

weight and inversely associated with

being obese.

+ Thirty-four percent of adults under

age 65 who had Medicaid health

care coverage were obese compared

with 25% of those who had private

health insurance and 28% of those

who were uninsured. Among adults

age 65 years and over, there were

no statistically significant differences

in obesity by insurance (private,

Medicaid and Medicare, only

Medicare).

+ Adults who did not live in an MSA

were more likely to be obese than

adults who lived in an MSA.

+ Obesity percentages were highest in

the Midwest and the South.

+ Forty-seven percent of non-Hispanic

white women were at a healthy

weight compared with 36% of

Hispanic women and 28% of

non-Hispanic black women; 31% of

non-Hispanic white men, 28% of

non-Hispanic black men, and 26%

of Hispanic men were at a healthy

weight. Thirty-nine percent of

non-Hispanic black women were

obese compared with 28% of

Hispanic women and 23% of

non-Hispanic white women; 31%

of non-Hispanic black men, 27%

of Hispanic men, and 26% of

non-Hispanic white men were

obese.

Usual Place of Health Care

(Tables 32,33)

+ Overall, 15% of adults 18 years of

age and over were without a usual

place of health care. Of those with a

usual place of care, 79% considered

a doctor’s office or HMO to be their

usual place of care, 18% considered

a clinic or health center to be their

usual place of care, and 2%

considered a hospital emergency

room or outpatient department to be

their usual place of health care.

+ Twenty percent of men were without

a usual place of health care

compared with 11% of women. Of

those with a usual place of care,

men were more likely to consider a

hospital emergency room or

outpatient department to be their

usual place of health care than were

women.

+ Not having a usual place of health

care was inversely related to age; as

age increased, the percentage of

adults without a usual place of

health care decreased.

+ When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, 26% of

Hispanic adults did not have a usual

place of care compared with 13% of

non-Hispanic white adults and 14%

of non-Hispanic black adults. Of

those adults with a usual place of

care, 82% of non-Hispanic white

adults considered a doctor’s office

or an HMO to be their usual place

of care compared with 77% of

non-Hispanic black adults and 66%

of Hispanic adults. One percent of

non-Hispanic white adults who had

a usual place of care considered a

hospital emergency room or

outpatient department their usual

place of care, compared with 6% of

non-Hispanic black adults and 4%

of Hispanic adults.

+ Adults with higher educational

attainment and higher family income

were more likely to have a usual

place of health care and to consider

a doctor’s office or HMO as their

usual place of care than those with

lower educational attainment and

family income.

+	 Among adults under 65 years of

age, 48% of those who were

uninsured did not have a usual place

of health care compared with 10%

of those adults with private health

care coverage and 10% of those

adults with Medicaid health care

coverage.

+	 Among adults aged 65 years and

over with a usual place of care, 21%

of those who had Medicaid and

Medicare health care coverage

considered a clinic or health center

their usual place of care compared

with 13% of those who had private

health insurance and 13% of those

who had only Medicare health care

coverage.

+	 Of those adults with a usual place of

health care, adults who did not live

in an MSA were more likely to

consider a health center or clinic

their usual place of care than were

adults living in an MSA.

+	 Eighteen percent of adults living in

the South and 17% of adults living

in the West were without a usual

place of care compared with 14% in

the Midwest and 11% in the

Northeast.

+	 Thirty-three percent of Hispanic

men did not have a usual place of

care compared with 18% of

non-Hispanic black men and 17% of

non-Hispanic white men. Eighteen

percent of Hispanic women were

without a usual place of care

compared with 11% of non-Hispanic

black women and 10% of

non-Hispanic white women.

Number of Office Visits to

a Doctor or Other Health

Professional in the Past 12

Months (Tables 34,35)

+	 Overall, 20% of adults 18 years of

age and over did not make an office

visit to a doctor or other health

professional in the past 12 months,

18% had one office visit, 26% had

2–3 visits, 23% had 4–9 visits, and

13% had 10 or more visits.
Page 14 [ Series 10, No. 240

+	 Twenty-seven percent of men and

14% of women had no office visits

to a doctor or other health

professional in the past 12 months.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, 31% of

Hispanic adults had no visits to a

doctor or other health professional

in the past 12 months compared

with 20% of non-Hispanic black

adults and 17% of non-Hispanic

white adults. Hispanic adults were

also less likely to have made two or

more office visits in the past 12

months compared with non-Hispanic

black and non-Hispanic white adults.

+	 Office visits to a doctor or other

health professional in the past 12

months were inversely related to the

level of education; 28% of adults

with less than a high school diploma

had no office visits compared with

14% of adults with at least a

bachelor’s degree.

+	 Adults in families that were not

poor were more likely to have had

an office visit to a doctor or other

health professional in the past 12

months compared with other adults.

Adults in families that were poor

were more likely to have made 10

or more office visits to a doctor or

other health professional in the past

12 months than were adults who

were not poor.

+	 Among adults under 65 years of

age, 46% who were uninsured had

no visits to a doctor or other health

professional in the past 12 months

compared with 17% with private

health care coverage and 15% with

Medicaid health care coverage.

Adults in this age group who were

covered by Medicaid or other forms

of insurance were more likely to

have 10 or more office visits in the

past 12 months than those with

private insurance or no insurance

coverage.

+	 Eleven percent of adults aged 65

years and over with only Medicare

health care coverage had no visits to

a doctor or other health professional

in the past 12 months compared

with 7% of those with private health

insurance coverage and 7% of those

with Medicaid and Medicare health

care coverage. Adults in this age

group who were covered by

Medicaid and Medicare were more

likely to have 10 or more office

visits in the past 12 months than

those with private or only Medicare

health care coverage.

+	 Twenty-two percent of adults who

lived in the West and 21% of adults

in the South had no visits to a

doctor or other health professional

in the past 12 months compared

with 19% of adults in the Midwest

and 17% of those in the Northeast.

+	 Forty percent of Hispanic men did

not visit a doctor or other health

professional in the past 12 months

compared with 27% of non-Hispanic

black men and 23% of non-Hispanic

white men. Twenty percent of

Hispanic women did not visit a

doctor or other health professional

in the past 12 months compared

with 14% of non-Hispanic black

women and 12% of non-Hispanic

white women.

Length of Time Since Last

Contact with a Doctor or

Other Health Professional

(Tables 36,37)

+	 Overall, 67% of adults 18 years of

age and over last contacted a doctor

or other health professional within

the previous 6 months; 15% last

contacted a doctor or other health

professional more than 6 months

ago, but not more than 1 year ago;

8% last contacted a doctor or other

health professional more than 1 year

ago, but not more than 2 years ago;

5% last contacted a doctor or other

health professional more than 2

years ago but not more than 5 years

ago; and 3% last contacted a doctor

or other health professional more

than 5 years ago. Two percent of

adults had never contacted a doctor

or other health professional.

+	 Seventy-four percent of women last

contacted a doctor or other health

professional within the previous 6

months, and 15% last contacted a

doctor or other health professional

more than 6 months but not more

than 1 year ago. In contrast, 60% of

men last contacted a doctor or other

health professional within the

previous 6 months, and 16% last

contacted a doctor or other health

professional more than 6 months but

not more than 1 year ago. Men were

more likely to have last contacted a

doctor a year or more ago, as well

as to have never contacted a doctor,

than were women.

+	 Older adults (aged 65 years and

over) were more likely to have had

more recent contact (within the past

6 months) with a doctor or other

health professional than were

younger adults (under 65 years of

age).

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, Hispanic

adults were less likely to have had

more recent contact (within the past

6 months) with a doctor or other

health professional than either

non-Hispanic white adults or

non-Hispanic black adults. Hispanic

adults were two times as likely to

have never had contact with a

doctor or other health professional

as non-Hispanic black adults, and at

least four times as likely to have

never had contact with a doctor or

other health professional than were

non-Hispanic white adults.

+	 Adults with less than a high school

diploma were less likely to have last

seen a doctor within the last 6

months, and were more likely to

have never seen a doctor, than

adults with more education.

+	 Adults in families that were not

poor were more likely to have had

more recent contact (within the past

6 months) with a doctor or other

health professional than adults in

poor or near poor families.

+	 Adults under 65 years of age who

were uninsured were much less

likely to have last contacted a doctor

or other health professional within

the previous 6 months than were

insured adults.

+	 Hispanic men were less likely to

have seen a doctor or other health

professional within the previous 6

months compared with non-Hispanic

black and non-Hispanic white men;

7% of Hispanic men had never seen

or talked to a doctor or other health

professional compared with 4% of
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 15

non-Hispanic black men and 2% of

non-Hispanic white men. Also,

among women, Hispanic women

were less likely to have had contact

with a doctor in the last 6 months

compared with non-Hispanic black

and non-Hispanic white women.

Length of Time Since Last

Contact with a Dentist or

Other Dental Health

Professional (Tables 38,39)

+	 Overall, 44% of adults 18 years of

age and over last contacted a dentist

or other dental health professional

within the previous 6 months; 18%

more than 6 months ago, but not

more than 1 year ago; 13% more

than 1 year ago, but not more than 2

years ago; 11% more than 2 years

ago, but not more than 5 years ago;

and 12% last contacted a dentist or

other dental health professional

more than 5 years ago. Two percent

of adults had never contacted a

dentist or other dental health

professional.

+	 Forty-seven percent of women last

contacted a dentist or other dental

health professional within the

previous 6 months compared with

41% of men.

+	 When results are considered by

single race and ethnicity, nonHispanic white adults were more

likely to have contacted a dentist or

other dental health professional

within the previous 6 months (49%)

than either non-Hispanic black

adults (33%) or Hispanic adults

(31%). Five percent of Hispanic

adults had never contacted a dentist

compared with 2% of non-Hispanic

black adults and 1% of nonHispanic white adults.

+	 Adults with higher educational

attainment and higher family income

were considerably more likely to

have contacted a dentist or other

dental health professional in the last

6 months than were those with

lower educational attainment and

lower family income.

+	 Among adults under 65 years of

age, 53% of adults with private

health care coverage had contact

with a dentist or other dental health

professional within the past 6

months compared with 31% of

adults with Medicaid health care

coverage and 19% of adults who

were uninsured.

+	 Among adults aged 65 years and

over, 51% of adults with private

health care coverage had contact

with a dentist or other dental health

professional within the past 6

months compared with 32% of

adults who had only Medicare

health care coverage and 22% of

adults who had Medicaid and

Medicare health care coverage.

+	 Married adults were more likely to

have had more recent dental contact

(6 months or less) when compared

to other marital status categories.

+	 Adults who did not live in an MSA

were less likely to have had contact

with a dentist or other dental health

professional within the past 6

months than adults who lived in an

MSA.

HIV Testing Status

(Tables 40,41)

+	 Overall, 37% of adults 18 years of

age and over had ever been tested

for HIV.

+	 Women were more likely to have

ever been tested for HIV than were

men.

+	 HIV testing status was inversely

related to age; 47% of adults aged

18–44 had ever been tested for HIV

compared with 33% of those aged

45–64, 15% aged 65–74, and 8%

aged 75 and over.

+	 When considering results by single

race without regard to ethnicity,

52% of black adults had ever been

tested for HIV compared with 41%

of American Indian or Alaska Native

adults, 35% of white adults, and

31% of Asian adults.

+	 When considering results by single

race and ethnicity, 52% of

non-Hispanic black adults had ever

been tested for HIV compared with

38% of Hispanic adults and 34% of

non-Hispanic white adults.

+	 A higher percentage of adults who

had some college and those with at

least a bachelor’s degree, had ever

been tested for HIV compared with

adults with less education.

+	 Among adults under age 65, 55% of

those who had Medicaid health care

coverage had ever been tested for

HIV compared with 40% of those

who had private health insurance

and 41% who were uninsured.

+	 Fifty percent of those who were

living with a partner and 49% of

adults who were divorced or

separated had ever been tested for

HIV compared with 37% of married

adults and 34% of never married

adults.

+	 Adults who did not live in an MSA

or resided in a small MSA were less

likely to have ever been tested for

HIV than adults who lived in a large

MSA.

+	 Adults who lived in the South were

more likely to have ever been tested

for HIV than adults who lived in

other regions.

+	 Fifty-four percent of non-Hispanic

black women had ever been tested

for HIV compared with 44% of

Hispanic women and 37% of

non-Hispanic white women. Fifty

percent of non-Hispanic black men

had ever been tested for HIV

compared with 33% of Hispanic

men and 32% of non-Hispanic white

men.

References

1.	 Bloom B, Cohen RA, Freeman G.

Summary Health Statistics for U.S.

Children: National Health Interview

Survey, 2007. Vital Health Stat

10(239). 2009.

2.	 Adams PF, Barnes PM, Vickerie JL.

Summary Health Statistics for the U.S.

Population: National Health Interview

Survey, 2007. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

10(238). 2008.

3.	 Pleis JR, Lethbridge-Çejku, M.

Summary Health Statistics for U.S.

Adults: National Health Interview

Survey, 2006. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

10(235). 2007.

4.	 Bloom B, Cohen RA. Summary Health

Statistics for U.S. Children: National

Health Interview Survey, 2006.
Page 16 [ Series 10, No. 240

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 10(234). 2007.

5. Adams PF, Lucas JW, Barnes PM.

Summary Health Statistics for the U.S.

Population: National Health Interview

Survey, 2006. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

10(236). 2008.

6. Adams PF, Hendershot GE, Marano

MA. Current estimates from the

National Health Interview Survey,

1996. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 10(200).

1999.

7. Kovar MG, Poe GS. The National

Health Interview Survey design,

1973–84, and procedures, 1975–83.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 1(18). 1985.

8. National Center for Health Statistics.

Current estimates from the National

Health Interview Survey: United States,

1982. Vital Health Stat 10(150). 1985.

9. Massey JT, Moore TF, Parsons VL,

Tadros W. Design and estimation for

the National Health Interview Survey,

1985–94. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(110).

1989.

10. Moss AJ, Parsons VL. Current

estimates from the National Health

Interview Survey: United States, 1985.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 10(160). 1986.

11. Botman SL, Moore TF, Moriarity CL,

Parsons VL. Design and estimation for

the National Health Interview Survey,

1995–2004. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(130).

2000.

12. Office of Management and Budget.

Revisions to the Standards for the

Classification of Federal Data on Race

and Ethnicity. Federal Register 1997;

62(210):58782–90.

13. U.S. Census Bureau. National Health

Interview Survey Field Representative’s

Manual. HIS–100–C. U.S. Department

of Commerce acting as a collecting

agent for the U.S. Public Health

Service. 2007. Available from:

ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/

NCHS/Survey_Questionnaires/NHIS/

2007/frmanual.pdf.

14. National Center for Health Statistics.

Data file documentation, National

Health Interview Survey, 2007

(machine-readable data file and

documentation). National Center for

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention, Hyattsville,

MD. 2007. Available from:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.

15. DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor BD, Smith J.

U.S. Census Bureau. Current

Population Reports, Series P60–233,

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance

Coverage in the United States, 2006.

U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC. 2007. Available from:

http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs/

p60-233.pdf.

16. Lynch C, Parsons V. The impact of

2000 census-based population controls

on health estimates in the National

Health Interview Survey. 2004.

Proceedings of the American Statistical

Association, Survey Research Methods

Section [CD-ROM], Alexandria, VA:

American Statistical Association: 1–8.

2004.

17. Day JC. Population projections of the

United States by age, sex, race, and

Hispanic origin: 1995 to 2050, U.S.

Bureau of the Census, Current

Population Reports, P25–1130.

Washington, DC. U.S. Government

Printing Office. 1996. Available from:

http://www.census.gov/prod/1/pop/

p25-1130/.

18. Klein RJ, Schoenborn CA. Age

adjustment using the 2000 projected

U.S. population. Healthy People

Statistical Notes, no. 20. Hyattsville,

MD: National Center for Health

Statistics. 2001.

19. Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN

(Release 9.0.1) [Computer Software].

Research Triangle Park, NC: Research

Triangle Institute. 2005.

20. Simpson G, Bloom B, Cohen RA,

Parsons PE. 1997 Access to health care,

Part 1: Children. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

10(196). 1997.

21. Bloom B, Simpson G, Cohen RA, and

Parsons PE. Access to health care. Part

2: Working-age adults. National Center

for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

10(197). 1997.

22. Cohen RA, Bloom B, Simpson G, and

Parsons PE. Access to health care. Part

3: Older adults. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

10(198). 1997.
2007

Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 17

Table 1. Frequencies of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States,

Selected circulatory diseases1

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years of

age and over

Heart disease2

All types Coronary3 Hypertension4 Stroke

Total6

................................. 223,181 25,095

Number in thousands5

13,674 52,920 5,426

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

107,750

115,431

12,790

12,305

8,099

5,575

24,959

27,961

2,293

3,133

Age

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

4,591

9,266

5,199

6,040

1,041

5,091

3,571

3,971

9,094

24,383

9,763

9,679

285

2,156

1,205

1,780

Race

1 race7

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races8 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

24,638

21,439

2,384

201

607

†

457

†

339

13,434

11,666

1,321

*78

370

–

240

†

*159

52,229

42,217

7,681

474

1,758

*98

691

*52

398

5,334

4,211

829

†

199

–

91

†

*83

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

1,969

947

23,126

19,676

2,292

1,136

597

12,538

10,618

1,270

4,537

2,381

48,383

38,021

7,581

489

249

4,937

3,764

812

Education10

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED11 .................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

5,459

6,770

6,304

5,584

3,568

4,187

3,239

2,510

10,152

16,316

13,268

11,586

1,449

1,789

1,254

846

Family income12

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

10,612

11,879

3,546

3,391

1,928

3,014

6,236

5,875

2,025

1,727

869

1,254

20,319

26,760

6,681

7,747

4,851

7,481

2,779

1,952

702

673

281

296

Poverty status13

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

23,083

31,110

139,879

2,897

3,957

14,326

1,648

2,347

7,451

5,653

8,027

30,880

775

1,251

2,469

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

8,680

1,907

1,175

2,043

6,535

938

2,778

965

†

3,423

993

795

889

4,290

728

1,914

594

†

22,094

3,965

2,387

4,973

11,302

1,440

5,298

1,319

*74

1,154

459

446

382

1,510

308

853

304

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 18 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 1. Frequencies of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States,

2007—Con.

Selected circulatory diseases1

All persons Heart disease2

18 years of

Selected characteristic age and over All types Coronary3 Hypertension4 Stroke

Marital status Number in thousands5

Married ............................... 124,214 14,388 8,244 31,345 2,808

Widowed .............................. 14,080 4,076 2,564 7,571 1,277

Divorced or separated ...................... 24,008 3,330 1,781 7,332 890

Never married ........................... 45,472 2,245 711 4,629 240

Living with a partner ....................... 14,619 1,027 361 1,879 184

Place of residence15

Large MSA ............................. 111,359 10,588 5,759 23,556 2,212

Small MSA ............................. 73,818 8,500 4,401 17,754 1,877

Not in MSA ............................. 38,004 6,007 3,514 11,610 1,336

Region

Northeast .............................. 38,209 4,237 2,168 8,675 878

Midwest ............................... 53,802 6,721 3,645 13,000 1,265

South ................................ 81,850 9,125 5,175 20,802 2,223

West ................................. 49,320 5,012 2,686 10,443 1,060

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 15,375 966 607 2,042 188

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 14,482 1,003 529 2,495 301

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 73,878 10,321 6,598 18,442 1,638

White, single race, female .................. 79,480 9,355 4,021 19,578 2,126

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 11,482 909 507 2,953 263

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 14,092 1,383 763 4,628 549

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had: hypertension (or high blood pressure), coronary heart disease, angina
 

(or angina pectoris), heart attack (or myocardial infarction), any other heart condition or disease not already mentioned, or a stroke. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Heart disease includes coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, or any other heart condition or disease.
 

3Coronary heart disease includes coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, or heart attack.
 

4Persons had to have been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure to be classified as hypertensive.
 

5Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequencies (see Appendix I), but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

10Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

13 Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

15MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 19

Table 2. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected circulatory diseases1

Heart disease2

Selected characteristic All types Coronary3 Hypertension4 Stroke

Percent5 (standard error)

Total6 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total6 (crude)............................

11.2 (0.24)

11.3 (0.27)

6.1 (0.18)

6.1 (0.20)

23.2 (0.29)

23.7 (0.35)

2.4 (0.12)

2.4 (0.12)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

12.5 (0.37)

10.2 (0.30)

8.0 (0.30)

4.5 (0.20)

23.3 (0.43)

22.9 (0.39)

2.3 (0.17)

2.5 (0.15)

Age7

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

4.1 (0.24)

12.2 (0.47)

27.1 (1.13)

35.8 (1.23)

0.9 (0.10)

6.7 (0.36)

18.6 (0.97)

23.6 (1.07)

8.2 (0.32)

32.1 (0.62)

50.9 (1.18)

57.4 (1.35)

0.3 (0.05)

2.8 (0.24)

6.3 (0.57)

10.6 (0.79)

Race

1 race8

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races9 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

11.1 (0.24)

11.4 (0.27)

10.2 (0.53)

10.5 (2.50)

6.9 (0.88)

†

17.3 (2.44)

†

21.0 (3.52)

6.0 (0.18)

6.1 (0.20)

6.0 (0.43)

*5.6 (1.77)

4.3 (0.73)

–

9.6 (1.95)

†

9.8 (2.52)

23.1 (0.29)

22.2 (0.32)

31.7 (0.81)

25.5 (3.29)

19.5 (1.28)

*28.5 (9.30)

28.3 (2.51)

20.9 (5.36)

25.8 (3.53)

2.4 (0.12)

2.2 (0.12)

3.7 (0.39)

†

2.6 (0.58)

–

4.1 (1.21)

†

*5.9 (1.99)

Hispanic or Latino origin10 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

8.8 (0.62)

8.2 (0.80)

11.4 (0.26)

11.8 (0.30)

10.1 (0.54)

5.7 (0.52)

5.7 (0.72)

6.1 (0.19)

6.2 (0.21)

5.9 (0.45)

20.6 (0.76)

19.8 (1.02)

23.6 (0.32)

22.5 (0.36)

32.0 (0.81)

2.5 (0.35)

2.3 (0.44)

2.4 (0.12)

2.2 (0.12)

3.7 (0.39)

Education11

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED12 .................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

15.2 (0.68)

11.1 (0.46)

13.4 (0.56)

11.4 (0.50)

9.7 (0.51)

6.7 (0.34)

7.1 (0.42)

5.6 (0.37)

29.7 (0.90)

26.9 (0.65)

27.2 (0.70)

22.2 (0.58)

4.0 (0.38)

2.9 (0.26)

2.7 (0.25)

1.9 (0.24)

Family income13

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

13.8 (0.42)

10.5 (0.34)

11.8 (0.65)

10.5 (0.61)

10.3 (0.82)

9.1 (0.74)

7.9 (0.32)

5.5 (0.26)

6.7 (0.54)

5.6 (0.46)

5.3 (0.68)

4.1 (0.52)

27.3 (0.48)

21.7 (0.41)

22.0 (0.79)

22.1 (0.79)

22.2 (1.03)

21.5 (0.82)

3.6 (0.23)

1.8 (0.15)

2.3 (0.30)

2.3 (0.33)

1.4 (0.30)

1.4 (0.31)

Poverty status14

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

15.0 (0.80)

12.9 (0.65)

10.8 (0.31)

8.9 (0.64)

7.6 (0.51)

5.7 (0.23)

29.5 (0.93)

26.6 (0.85)

21.9 (0.37)

4.2 (0.41)

4.2 (0.45)

1.9 (0.14)

Health insurance coverage15

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

6.2 (0.25)

13.9 (0.95)

12.5 (1.46)

6.0 (0.46)

31.5 (1.13)

42.0 (3.02)

27.4 (1.43)

37.2 (3.19)

†

2.3 (0.16)

7.5 (0.73)

7.8 (1.01)

2.7 (0.32)

20.7 (1.02)

32.7 (2.98)

18.9 (1.28)

22.9 (2.59)

†

15.5 (0.36)

28.9 (1.18)

26.2 (2.09)

15.1 (0.69)

54.3 (1.19)

65.1 (3.07)

52.4 (1.64)

50.9 (3.44)

*35.4 (11.82)

0.8 (0.09)

3.5 (0.53)

4.3 (0.74)

1.2 (0.22)

7.3 (0.62)

13.8 (2.17)

8.4 (0.86)

12.0 (2.33)

–

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 20 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 2. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected circulatory diseases1

Heart disease2

Selected characteristic All types Coronary3 Hypertension4 Stroke

Marital status Percent5 (standard error)

Married ...............................

Widowed ..............................

Divorced or separated ......................

Never married ...........................

Living with a partner .......................

11.1 (0.33)

18.9 (3.71)

12.9 (0.69)

9.8 (0.69)

13.1 (1.63)

6.3 (0.25)

7.7 (0.98)

6.8 (0.46)

4.4 (0.51)

7.5 (1.38)

23.2

31.1

27.9

21.2

20.1

(0.42)

(3.48)

(0.84)

(0.94)

(1.73)

2.2 (0.16)

3.5 (0.55)

3.3 (0.36)

1.5 (0.31)

3.1 (0.89)

Place of residence16

Large MSA .............................

Small MSA .............................

Not in MSA .............................

10.0

11.5

14.0

(0.33)

(0.43)

(0.68)

5.6 (0.25)

5.9 (0.31)

7.8 (0.47)

21.6

23.7

26.9

(0.42)

(0.53)

(0.69)

2.1 (0.16)

2.5 (0.23)

2.9 (0.24)

Region

Northeast ..............................

Midwest ...............................

South ................................

West .................................

10.6

12.3

11.3

10.2

(0.58)

(0.49)

(0.41)

(0.51)

5.3 (0.41)

6.7 (0.37)

6.4 (0.32)

5.5 (0.35)

21.3

23.4

25.1

21.0

(0.69)

(0.61)

(0.48)

(0.57)

2.2 (0.27)

2.3 (0.20)

2.7 (0.23)

2.2 (0.20)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male .....................

Hispanic or Latina, female ....................

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male....................

White, single race, female ..................

Black or African American, single race, male .......

Black or African American, single race, female ......

9.6 (0.99)

8.4 (0.78)

13.4 (0.46)

10.6 (0.38)

9.6 (0.85)

10.5 (0.70)

6.9 (0.89)

4.9 (0.61)

8.4 (0.34)

4.3 (0.24)

5.7 (0.67)

6.0 (0.56)

19.0

21.9

23.4

21.6

28.7

34.5

(1.14)

(1.00)

(0.53)

(0.49)

(1.30)

(0.99)

2.2 (0.51)

2.9 (0.48)

2.1 (0.18)

2.2 (0.16)

2.8 (0.59)

4.2 (0.52)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had: hypertension (or high blood pressure), coronary heart disease, angina
 

(or angina pectoris), heart attack (or myocardial infarction), any other heart condition or disease not already mentioned, or a stroke. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Heart disease includes coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, or any other heart condition or disease.
 

3Coronary heart disease includes coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, or heart attack.
 

4Persons had to have been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure to be classified as hypertensive.
 

5Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

8In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

9The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

10Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

11Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years,
 

45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over.
 

12GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

13The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

14Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

15Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using
 

two age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons aged 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

16MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table IV in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
2007

Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 21

Table 3. Frequencies of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States,

Selected respiratory conditions1

All persons

18 years Asthma

of age Chronic

Selected characteristic and over Emphysema Ever had Still has Hay fever Sinusitis bronchitis

Number in thousands2

Total3................................. 223,181 3,736 24,402 16,177 16,882 25,953 7,604

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

107,750

115,431

2,018

1,718

10,383

14,020

5,825

10,351

7,120

9,763

9,748

16,205

2,559

5,045

Age

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

226

1,765

861

884

12,996

7,895

2,030

1,481

7,996

5,476

1,591

1,113

7,420

7,210

1,302

950

10,261

11,154

2,589

1,949

2,515

3,226

1,050

813

Race

1 race4

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races5 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

3,612

3,341

210

†

*21

–

*124

–

*105

23,824

19,997

2,699

*241

842

†

579

*55

247

15,781

13,229

2,025

*146

357

†

396

†

165

16,589

14,265

1,489

*159

675

–

293

†

168

25,555

21,990

2,872

186

502

†

398

†

271

7,367

6,356

825

*58

121

†

237

†

161

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

262

97

3,474

3,093

199

2,687

1,331

21,715

17,615

2,585

1,664

784

14,512

11,743

1,963

1,471

862

15,411

12,933

1,447

2,053

1,161

23,900

20,080

2,817

503

206

7,101

5,914

805

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED8

..................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

1,288

1,310

831

268

3,011

5,068

5,936

6,174

2,329

3,560

4,168

3,683

1,876

3,156

4,675

5,883

3,329

6,841

7,028

7,146

1,520

2,353

2,042

1,076

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

2,158

1,366

514

531

*203

*118

9,084

13,457

3,062

4,285

2,167

3,943

6,503

8,502

2,037

2,849

1,384

2,233

4,445

11,099

2,081

3,021

2,080

3,917

8,488

14,967

3,104

4,467

3,055

4,340

3,882

3,139

818

992

707

621

Poverty status10

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

23,083

31,110

139,879

596

937

1,725

3,315

3,853

14,644

2,454

2,649

9,290

1,312

2,186

11,903

2,552

3,491

17,229

1,244

1,584

3,865

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

777

409

448

348

904

178

431

210

†

13,770

2,497

927

3,591

2,044

343

798

312

†

8,637

1,979

618

2,212

1,516

305

647

228

†

10,814

1,184

585

2,036

1,409

152

521

153

†

15,530

1,834

1,085

2,912

2,496

346

1,269

404

†

2,892

1,023

576

1,226

1,004

226

420

209

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 22 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 3. Frequencies of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States,

2007—Con.

Selected respiratory conditions1

All persons

18 years Asthma

of age Chronic

Selected characteristic and over Emphysema Ever had Still has Hay fever Sinusitis bronchitis

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married ............................... 124,214 1,870 11,691 7,900 10,319 15,850 3,783

Widowed .............................. 14,080 747 1,563 1,243 896 1,870 900

Divorced or separated ...................... 24,008 648 3,198 2,224 1,864 3,501 1,177

Never married ........................... 45,472 219 5,651 3,236 2,556 3,455 1,057

Living with a partner ....................... 14,619 246 2,226 1,524 1,225 1,218 663

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................. 111,359 1,237 11,683 7,474 8,597 11,700 3,031

Small MSA ............................. 73,818 1,455 8,724 5,769 5,521 8,903 2,774

Not in MSA ............................. 38,004 1,044 3,995 2,934 2,764 5,350 1,799

Region

Northeast .............................. 38,209 456 4,460 2,932 3,163 3,950 1,085

Midwest ............................... 53,802 983 6,141 4,245 3,387 6,096 1,733

South ................................ 81,850 1,527 8,131 5,464 5,850 11,604 3,346

West ................................. 49,320 770 5,670 3,535 4,483 4,303 1,440

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 15,375 90 1,137 515 646 918 190

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 14,482 172 1,550 1,149 825 1,135 313

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 73,878 1,703 7,658 4,397 5,521 7,690 1,989

White, single race, female .................. 79,480 1,390 9,956 7,346 7,412 12,390 3,925

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 11,482 102 904 589 514 750 227

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 14,092 *96 1,681 1,373 933 2,067 578

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

– Quantity zero.
 

1Respondents were asked in two separate questions if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had emphysema or asthma. Respondents who had been told they had
 

asthma were asked if they still had asthma. Respondents were asked in three separate questions if they had been told by a doctor or other health professional in the past 12 months that they had hay
 

fever, sinusitis, or bronchitis. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequencies (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 23

Table 4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected respiratory diseases1

Asthma

Chronic

Selected characteristic Emphysema Ever had Still has Hay Fever Sinusitis bronchitis

Percent2 (standard error)

Total3 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total3 (crude)............................

1.6 (0.10)

1.7 (0.10)

11.0 (0.25)

10.9 (0.25)

7.3 (0.22)

7.3 (0.22)

7.5 (0.22)

7.6 (0.22)

11.4 (0.30)

11.6 (0.30)

3.4 (0.14)

3.4 (0.14)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

1.9 (0.17)

1.4 (0.12)

9.7 (0.36)

12.2 (0.36)

5.4 (0.28)

9.0 (0.32)

6.5 (0.29)

8.4 (0.31)

9.0 (0.39)

13.8 (0.40)

2.4 (0.18)

4.2 (0.21)

Age4

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

0.2 (0.06)

2.3 (0.22)

4.5 (0.48)

5.2 (0.57)

11.7 (0.40)

10.4 (0.44)

10.6 (0.73)

8.8 (0.72)

7.2 (0.34)

7.2 (0.36)

8.3 (0.64)

6.6 (0.61)

6.7 (0.31)

9.5 (0.38)

6.8 (0.64)

5.6 (0.52)

9.3 (0.37)

14.7 (0.50)

13.5 (0.82)

11.6 (0.86)

2.3 (0.17)

4.2 (0.28)

5.5 (0.55)

4.8 (0.51)

Race

1 race5

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races6 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

1.6 (0.09)

1.7 (0.11)

0.9 (0.22)

†

*0.3 (0.13)

–

*5.2 (1.68)

–

*6.7 (2.33)

10.9 (0.25)

11.1 (0.29)

10.2 (0.60)

10.8 (2.63)

7.9 (0.97)

*13.2 (6.56)

18.9 (2.27)

*17.6 (5.69)

15.4 (3.25)

7.2 (0.22)

7.3 (0.26)

7.7 (0.52)

6.7 (1.68)

3.5 (0.54)

†

13.0 (1.84)

†

10.4 (2.58)

7.4 (0.23)

7.8 (0.26)

5.6 (0.46)

*7.5 (2.40)

6.7 (0.84)

–

9.4 (1.77)

*13.4 (5.99)

10.0 (2.59)

11.4 (0.30)

11.9 (0.35)

11.2 (0.60)

7.8 (1.78)

5.0 (0.73)

†

14.7 (2.33)

†

18.4 (3.23)

3.3 (0.14)

3.4 (0.16)

3.2 (0.34)

*3.6 (1.59)

1.3 (0.36)

†

9.0 (1.90)

†

10.5 (2.79)

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

1.3 (0.23)

1.0 (0.27)

1.7 (0.10)

1.8 (0.12)

0.9 (0.22)

9.1 (0.57)

6.9 (0.62)

11.4 (0.29)

11.7 (0.35)

10.1 (0.60)

5.9 (0.45)

4.1 (0.49)

7.5 (0.25)

7.7 (0.31)

7.7 (0.53)

5.4 (0.46)

5.7 (0.65)

7.8 (0.25)

8.3 (0.30)

5.6 (0.47)

7.4 (0.53)

7.3 (0.72)

12.1 (0.33)

12.8 (0.40)

11.3 (0.61)

1.8 (0.26)

1.3 (0.28)

3.6 (0.15)

3.7 (0.18)

3.2 (0.34)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED9

..................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

3.8 (0.38)

2.1 (0.22)

1.8 (0.24)

0.6 (0.12)

10.1 (0.61)

9.2 (0.49)

11.7 (0.52)

10.8 (0.50)

7.8 (0.55)

6.4 (0.44)

8.2 (0.45)

6.6 (0.40)

6.3 (0.49)

5.6 (0.35)

9.0 (0.44)

10.1 (0.49)

10.5 (0.67)

12.0 (0.52)

13.7 (0.55)

12.4 (0.56)

4.9 (0.46)

4.1 (0.31)

4.1 (0.30)

2.0 (0.22)

Family income10

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

2.9 (0.23)

1.2 (0.13)

1.7 (0.28)

1.7 (0.30)

*0.9 (0.30)

*0.4 (0.17)

13.3 (0.46)

10.3 (0.36)

10.1 (0.68)

11.3 (0.68)

9.0 (0.81)

10.3 (0.71)

9.5 (0.40)

6.6 (0.31)

6.7 (0.60)

7.5 (0.59)

5.9 (0.67)

5.9 (0.54)

6.5 (0.32)

8.3 (0.31)

6.9 (0.54)

7.9 (0.52)

8.5 (0.71)

9.7 (0.65)

12.2 (0.46)

11.2 (0.39)

10.3 (0.60)

11.5 (0.66)

12.2 (1.00)

10.7 (0.73)

5.6 (0.31)

2.5 (0.17)

2.7 (0.31)

2.7 (0.34)

3.0 (0.43)

1.6 (0.26)

Poverty status11

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

3.3 (0.41)

3.3 (0.42)

1.3 (0.12)

14.9 (0.80)

12.6 (0.69)

10.6 (0.34)

11.3 (0.70)

8.7 (0.59)

6.7 (0.29)

6.3 (0.54)

7.2 (0.53)

8.3 (0.31)

12.4 (0.80)

11.7 (0.67)

12.1 (0.41)

6.0 (0.54)

5.4 (0.52)

2.8 (0.17)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

0.5 (0.08)

3.1 (0.42)

4.0 (0.83)

1.1 (0.23)

4.3 (0.51)

8.0 (1.69)

4.2 (0.63)

8.2 (1.89)

†

10.9 (0.35)

17.5 (1.11)

13.5 (1.69)

9.6 (0.62)

9.8 (0.70)

15.4 (2.21)

7.9 (0.85)

12.2 (2.27)

†

6.8 (0.29)

14.0 (0.96)

8.5 (1.31)

5.9 (0.51)

7.3 (0.57)

13.7 (2.06)

6.4 (0.80)

8.9 (2.00)

†

8.3 (0.33)

8.5 (0.84)

7.0 (1.01)

5.7 (0.44)

6.8 (0.64)

6.8 (1.64)

5.1 (0.66)

5.9 (1.43)

†

11.9 (0.42)

13.1 (0.99)

12.2 (1.27)

8.3 (0.54)

12.0 (0.79)

15.5 (2.27)

12.5 (1.11)

15.4 (2.28)

†

2.2 (0.16)

7.3 (0.75)

7.1 (1.35)

3.6 (0.36)

4.8 (0.48)

10.1 (1.95)

4.1 (0.56)

8.0 (1.80)

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 24 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 4. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected respiratory diseases1

Asthma

Chronic

Selected characteristic Emphysema Ever had Still has Hay Fever Sinusitis bronchitis

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married ............................... 1.4 (0.12) 9.4 (0.33) 6.3 (0.28) 8.1 (0.32) 12.4 (0.44) 2.9 (0.19)

Widowed .............................. 2.8 (0.55) 13.7 (3.30) 12.6 (3.28) 9.4 (2.64) 14.3 (3.08) *10.7 (3.58)

Divorced or separated ...................... 2.2 (0.27) 12.9 (0.72) 8.7 (0.59) 7.4 (0.59) 13.4 (0.71) 4.3 (0.40)

Never married ........................... 1.2 (0.29) 11.4 (0.60) 7.0 (0.50) 6.5 (0.53) 8.8 (0.57) 2.9 (0.34)

Living with a partner ....................... 3.2 (0.95) 12.6 (1.33) 8.5 (1.23) 8.6 (0.99) 9.2 (1.22) 5.8 (1.03)

Place of residence13

Large MSA ............................. 1.2 (0.13) 10.5 (0.36) 6.7 (0.31) 7.6 (0.33) 10.4 (0.40) 2.7 (0.18)

Small MSA ............................. 1.9 (0.20) 11.9 (0.47) 7.9 (0.41) 7.4 (0.40) 11.9 (0.56) 3.7 (0.26)

Not in MSA ............................. 2.2 (0.23) 10.6 (0.56) 7.6 (0.53) 7.2 (0.49) 13.6 (0.77) 4.4 (0.39)

Region

Northeast .............................. 1.1 (0.18) 11.8 (0.62) 7.7 (0.51) 8.2 (0.59) 10.1 (0.70) 2.8 (0.31)

Midwest ............................... 1.8 (0.22) 11.6 (0.59) 7.9 (0.55) 6.3 (0.46) 11.2 (0.69) 3.2 (0.27)

South ................................ 1.8 (0.16) 10.0 (0.38) 6.7 (0.33) 7.0 (0.34) 14.0 (0.47) 4.0 (0.25)

West ................................. 1.6 (0.21) 11.5 (0.52) 7.2 (0.44) 8.9 (0.49) 8.6 (0.56) 2.9 (0.27)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 0.9 (0.25) 7.4 (0.77) 4.0 (0.61) 4.2 (0.51) 6.0 (0.70) 1.4 (0.35)

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 1.7 (0.36) 10.9 (0.77) 8.0 (0.67) 6.3 (0.69) 8.5 (0.68) 2.2 (0.38)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 2.1 (0.20) 10.6 (0.49) 6.0 (0.40) 7.3 (0.38) 10.2 (0.54) 2.6 (0.24)

White, single race, female .................. 1.5 (0.14) 12.7 (0.49) 9.3 (0.43) 9.3 (0.42) 15.3 (0.54) 4.7 (0.28)

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 1.4 (0.39) 7.8 (0.88) 5.2 (0.73) 4.7 (0.76) 6.7 (0.81) 2.1 (0.48)

Black or African American, single race, female ...... *0.7 (0.31) 11.9 (0.79) 9.8 (0.71) 6.5 (0.66) 14.9 (0.92) 4.1 (0.48)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

– Quantity zero.
 

1Respondents were asked in two separate questions if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had emphysema or asthma. Respondents who had been told they had
 

asthma were asked if they still had asthma. Respondents were asked in three separate questions if they had been told by a doctor or other health professional in the past 12 months that they had hay
 

fever, sinusitis, or bronchitis. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix I), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74
 

years, and 75 years and over.
 

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold.
 

‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different
 

income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix I). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two
 

age groups: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, for persons under age 65, and two age groups: 65–74 years and 75 years and over, for persons aged 65 years and over.
 

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table V in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 25

Table 5. Frequencies of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

Males

18 years

of age

and over

Females

18 years

of age

and over

Any

cancer

Selected type of cancer1

Breast

cancer

Cervical

cancer

Prostate

cancer

Number in thousands2

Total3................................. 223,181 107,750 115,431 16,370 2,630 1,011 2,037

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

107,750

115,431

107,750

...

. . .

115,431

7,152

9,218

†

2,616

. . .

1,011

2,037

...

Age

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

55,258

37,077

8,816

6,600

55,632

39,059

10,442

10,297

2,085

6,305

3,757

4,223

178

1,028

626

798

437

417

*92

*65

–

543

651

843

Race

1 race4

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races5 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

106,222

88,047

11,867

1,168

4,976

164

1,529

145

813

113,953

92,768

14,499

1,054

5,461

171

1,477

233

764

16,284

14,906

1,030

*46

282

†

86

†

*54

2,607

2,323

227

†

*55

–

†

†

†

998

885

100

†

†

–

†

–

†

2,037

1,697

272

†

*43

–

–

–

–

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

15,375

9,714

92,375

73,878

11,482

14,482

8,596

100,949

79,480

14,092

775

381

15,595

14,191

1,008

161

*85

2,469

2,183

215

62

*35

949

825

*98

118

*47

1,919

1,579

272

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED8

..................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

14,661

26,139

22,735

28,984

15,130

29,224

27,546

27,987

2,542

4,741

3,871

4,892

507

845

616

639

169

261

325

184

387

534

420

680

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

30,245

66,972

15,068

19,337

12,396

20,171

39,494

63,192

15,179

18,381

11,797

17,835

5,721

8,908

2,295

2,250

1,527

2,836

1,023

1,224

309

273

250

392

452

530

180

*127

*114

*109

687

1,165

351

363

*120

331

Poverty status10

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

23,083

31,110

139,879

9,389

14,335

71,299

13,693

16,775

68,579

1,266

2,156

10,419

266

324

1,516

144

179

614

*64

249

1,385

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

63,757

4,715

3,558

19,941

8,887

798

4,176

1,446

79

64,113

9,725

3,376

17,033

11,985

1,440

5,991

1,165

144

6,060

777

503

1,025

5,192

415

1,830

533

†

935

154

*66

†

879

*92

377

*76

–

413

150

*48

244

*79

†

*59

–

–

449

†

*53

†

931

*108

307

*149

–

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 26 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 5. Frequencies of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

All persons Males Females Selected type of cancer1

18 years 18 years 18 years

of age of age of age Any Breast Cervical Prostate

Selected characteristic and over and over and over cancer cancer cancer cancer

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married ............................... 124,214 62,486 61,728 9,732 1,314 350 1,605

Widowed .............................. 14,080 2,818 11,261 2,610 694 *96 230

Divorced or separated ...................... 24,008 9,804 14,203 2,313 483 280 123

Never married ........................... 45,472 24,772 20,701 1,032 92 124 *42

Living with a partner ....................... 14,619 7,545 7,074 671 † 161 †

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................. 111,359 53,275 58,084 6,950 1,414 418 802

Small MSA ............................. 73,818 36,210 37,608 5,977 809 293 822

Not in MSA ............................. 38,004 18,265 19,738 3,443 408 301 412

Region

Northeast .............................. 38,209 18,213 19,996 2,831 521 204 323

Midwest ............................... 53,802 25,825 27,977 4,087 673 211 543

South ................................ 81,850 39,058 42,792 6,090 915 407 844

West ................................. 49,320 24,655 24,666 3,362 522 190 327

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 15,375 15,375 . . . 225 – . . . 118

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 14,482 . . . 14,482 550 161 62 . . .

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 73,878 73,878 . . . 6,337 † . . . 1,579

White, single race, female .................. 79,480 . . . 79,480 7,855 2,177 825 . . .

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 11,482 11,482 . . . 445 † . . . 272

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 14,092 . . . 14,092 562 206 *98 . . .

. . . Category not applicable.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.
 

1Respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had a cancer or a malignancy of any kind. They were then asked to name the kind of cancer
 

they had. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Unknowns for the rows or columns are not included in the frequencies (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this tables are
 

rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 27

Table 6. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007

Selected type of cancer1

Selected characteristic

Any

cancer

Breast

cancer

Cervical

cancer

Prostate

cancer

Percent2 (standard error)

Total3 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total3 (crude)............................

7.3 (0.19)

7.3 (0.21)

1.2 (0.07)

1.2 (0.08)

0.9 (0.09)

0.9 (0.09)

2.1 (0.16)

1.9 (0.15)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

7.1 (0.28)

7.6 (0.25)

†

2.1 (0.13)

...

0.9 (0.09)

2.1 (0.16)

...

Age4

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

1.9 (0.15)

8.3 (0.38)

19.6 (0.92)

25.0 (1.12)

0.2 (0.04)

1.4 (0.14)

3.3 (0.40)

4.7 (0.55)

0.8 (0.12)

1.1 (0.18)

*0.9 (0.27)

*0.6 (0.26)

–

1.5 (0.25)

7.4 (0.89)

12.8 (1.47)

Race

1 race5

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races6 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

7.3 (0.19)

7.9 (0.22)

4.6 (0.40)

*2.1 (0.93)

3.3 (0.63)

†

3.9 (1.11)

†

*4.1 (1.48)

1.2 (0.07)

1.2 (0.08)

1.1 (0.18)

†

*0.7 (0.26)

–

†

†

†

0.9 (0.09)

0.9 (0.10)

0.7 (0.20)

†

†

–

†

–

†

2.2 (0.16)

2.1 (0.17)

3.6 (0.68)

†

*1.5 (0.68)

–

–

–

–

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

3.8 (0.38)

3.5 (0.49)

7.6 (0.21)

8.4 (0.24)

4.7 (0.40)

0.8 (0.16)

*0.8 (0.24)

1.2 (0.08)

1.3 (0.09)

1.0 (0.18)

*0.4 (0.13)

*0.4 (0.19)

0.9 (0.10)

1.0 (0.12)

0.7 (0.20)

1.6 (0.41)

*1.1 (0.46)

2.2 (0.17)

2.1 (0.18)

3.6 (0.69)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED9

..................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

6.7 (0.42)

7.7 (0.41)

8.5 (0.41)

10.0 (0.47)

1.4 (0.19)

1.3 (0.15)

1.4 (0.17)

1.4 (0.19)

1.0 (0.26)

1.0 (0.20)

1.2 (0.19)

0.7 (0.17)

2.2 (0.44)

2.1 (0.31)

2.6 (0.36)

2.9 (0.36)

Family income10

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

7.1 (0.33)

7.8 (0.29)

7.7 (0.49)

7.3 (0.52)

7.9 (0.70)

8.4 (0.68)

1.2 (0.12)

1.1 (0.12)

1.0 (0.18)

0.9 (0.19)

1.4 (0.41)

1.2 (0.33)

1.2 (0.18)

0.8 (0.12)

1.1 (0.26)

*0.8 (0.27)

*0.9 (0.28)

*0.6 (0.18)

2.0 (0.26)

2.5 (0.26)

2.6 (0.49)

2.7 (0.48)

*1.6 (0.60)

2.5 (0.55)

Poverty status11

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

6.5 (0.55)

6.9 (0.46)

7.8 (0.26)

1.4 (0.30)

1.0 (0.17)

1.1 (0.10)

1.2 (0.25)

1.1 (0.27)

0.9 (0.12)

*1.0 (0.33)

2.0 (0.43)

2.4 (0.22)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

4.2 (0.21)

5.6 (0.71)

5.7 (0.92)

3.1 (0.35)

25.0 (1.04)

18.5 (2.58)

18.0 (1.21)

20.9 (2.55)

†

0.6 (0.08)

1.1 (0.25)

*0.6 (0.22)

†

4.2 (0.45)

*4.1 (1.59)

3.7 (0.61)

*3.0 (1.11)

–

0.6 (0.10)

1.7 (0.44)

*1.7 (0.68)

1.4 (0.30)

*0.7 (0.24)

†

*1.0 (0.39)

–

–

0.6 (0.11)

†

*0.8 (0.37)

†

10.7 (1.07)

*14.0 (4.30)

7.5 (1.38)

11.7 (3.19)

–

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 28 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 6. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007—Con.

Selected type of cancer1

Any Breast Cervical Prostate

Selected characteristic cancer cancer cancer cancer

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married ............................... 7.4 (0.27) 1.0 (0.10) 0.6 (0.09) 2.3 (0.20)

Widowed .............................. 6.4 (0.57) 1.8 (0.26) *0.5 (0.19) 2.3 (0.57)

Divorced or separated ...................... 8.7 (0.60) 1.9 (0.27) 1.6 (0.31) 1.2 (0.28)

Never married ........................... 5.3 (0.60) 0.8 (0.23) *0.8 (0.32) *0.9 (0.35)

Living with a partner ....................... 9.4 (1.43) † 2.2 (0.62) *2.6 (1.21)

Place of residence13

Large MSA ............................. 6.5 (0.25) 1.3 (0.12) 0.7 (0.11) 1.9 (0.21)

Small MSA ............................. 8.1 (0.37) 1.1 (0.13) 0.8 (0.15) 2.6 (0.29)

Not in MSA ............................. 7.7 (0.46) 0.9 (0.15) 1.5 (0.28) 1.9 (0.35)

Region

Northeast .............................. 7.0 (0.43) 1.3 (0.18) 1.0 (0.23) 1.8 (0.31)

Midwest ............................... 7.4 (0.36) 1.2 (0.16) 0.8 (0.18) 2.3 (0.37)

South ................................ 7.5 (0.34) 1.1 (0.12) 1.0 (0.14) 2.6 (0.29)

West ................................. 6.9 (0.39) 1.1 (0.15) 0.7 (0.16) 1.5 (0.26)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 2.8 (0.51) – . . . 1.6 (0.41)

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 4.7 (0.60) 1.4 (0.30) *0.4 (0.13) . . .

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 8.2 (0.36) † . . . 2.1 (0.18)

White, single race, female .................. 8.7 (0.32) 2.3 (0.16) 1.0 (0.12) . . .

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 5.5 (0.75) † . . . 3.6 (0.69)

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 4.3 (0.49) 1.6 (0.30) 0.7 (0.20) . . .

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

. . . Category not applicable.

– Quantity zero.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

1Respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had a cancer or a malignancy of any kind. They were then asked to name the kind of cancer

they had. A person may be represented in more than one column.

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Further, the denominators for calculating cervical cancer and prostate cancer

percentages are sex-specific, while the denominators for calculating breast cancer percentages encompass all adults. Percentages in this table are rounded.

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over.

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table VI in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 29

Table 7. Frequencies of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007

All persons Selected diseases and conditions

18 years

of age Kidney Liver Arthritis Chronic joint

Selected characteristic and over Diabetes1 Ulcers1 disease2 disease2 diagnosis3 symptoms3

Number in thousands4

Total5................................. 223,181 17,273 14,501 3,343 2,649 46,429 53,945

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,750 8,391 6,591 1,482 1,200 18,584 23,574

Female ............................... 115,431 8,882 7,910 1,861 1,449 27,845 30,371

Age

18–44 years ............................ 110,890 2,432 4,616 759 749 7,810 14,776

45–64 years ............................ 76,136 8,093 5,641 1,226 1,374 21,428 24,820

65–74 years ............................ 19,258 3,840 2,119 593 368 8,322 7,140

75 years and over......................... 16,897 2,908 2,125 766 158 8,870 7,210

Race

1 race6

................................ 220,175 17,014 14,280 3,231 2,562 45,726 52,982

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,815 12,936 12,567 2,547 2,181 39,515 45,344

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,366 2,857 1,226 576 243 4,801 5,580

American Indian or Alaska Native .............. 2,222 325 *162 † † 522 611

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,437 823 300 *74 97 846 1,407

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ......... 335 † † – – † †

2 or more races7 ......................... 3,006 259 221 *112 *87 703 963

Black or African American, white .............. 378 † † † † *60 *61

American Indian or Alaska Native, white.......... 1,578 181 148 *55 *75 492 667

Hispanic or Latino origin8 and race

Hispanic or Latino ......................... 29,857 2,316 1,190 429 388 3,410 4,645

Mexican or Mexican American ................ 18,309 1,422 688 282 220 1,742 2,584

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... 193,324 14,957 13,311 2,914 2,261 43,019 49,300

White, single race ....................... 153,359 10,765 11,460 2,163 1,841 36,523 41,227

Black or African American, single race ........... 25,574 2,822 1,185 576 243 4,662 5,455

Education9

Less than a high school diploma ................ 29,790 4,394 3,009 898 640 8,623 8,821

High school diploma or GED10 ................. 55,363 5,498 3,928 1,195 738 14,350 15,303

Some college............................ 50,281 3,781 3,879 703 803 12,298 15,046

Bachelor’s degree or higher................... 56,971 3,225 2,880 438 369 10,161 12,296

Family income11

Less than $35,000 ........................ 69,738 7,556 6,425 1,877 1,257 18,202 19,731

$35,000 or more.......................... 130,163 7,871 7,108 1,176 1,226 24,069 29,848

$35,000–$49,999 ........................ 30,247 2,488 2,153 404 419 6,160 7,484

$50,000–$74,999 ........................ 37,717 2,526 2,059 452 407 6,712 8,148

$75,000–$99,999 ........................ 24,193 1,291 1,097 *157 *163 4,466 5,457

$100,000 or more........................ 38,006 1,567 1,799 *163 237 6,729 8,760

Poverty status12

Poor ................................. 23,083 2,277 1,919 504 500 4,850 5,743

Near poor .............................. 31,110 3,103 2,630 881 498 7,278 8,334

Not poor............................... 139,879 9,196 8,337 1,445 1,335 27,982 33,363

Health insurance coverage13

Under age 65 years:

Private .............................. 127,870 6,293 6,236 749 1,142 20,061 26,510

Medicaid ............................. 14,440 1,608 1,336 557 470 3,050 3,868

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,933 869 599 273 214 2,275 2,337

Uninsured ............................ 36,974 1,716 2,062 379 286 3,761 6,721

Age 65 years and over:

Private .............................. 20,872 3,490 2,508 687 286 9,882 8,223

Medicaid and Medicare .................... 2,238 669 384 179 *35 1,282 1,068

Medicare only .......................... 10,166 1,985 1,015 393 155 4,636 3,825

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,612 531 334 *98 *51 1,322 1,160

Uninsured ............................ 223 *67 † – – *53 *60

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 30 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 7. Frequencies of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007—Con.

All persons Selected diseases and conditions

18 years

of age Kidney Liver Arthritis Chronic joint

Selected characteristic and over Diabetes1 Ulcers1 disease2 disease2 diagnosis3 symptoms3

Marital status Number in thousands4

Married ............................... 124,214 10,249 7,768 1,645 1,334 27,914 31,398

Widowed .............................. 14,080 2,304 1,457 571 137 6,822 5,756

Divorced or separated ...................... 24,008 2,434 2,399 511 625 6,328 7,568

Never married ........................... 45,472 1,625 1,818 411 326 3,158 6,012

Living with a partner ....................... 14,619 622 1,027 *191 221 2,091 3,049

Place of residence14

Large MSA ............................. 111,359 7,744 6,029 1,319 1,241 20,442 23,510

Small MSA ............................. 73,818 5,631 4,985 1,266 872 15,896 19,160

Not in MSA ............................. 38,004 3,899 3,487 758 536 10,092 11,275

Region

Northeast .............................. 38,209 2,522 1,928 537 350 7,983 8,574

Midwest ............................... 53,802 4,223 4,086 739 685 12,190 13,657

South ................................ 81,850 6,825 5,346 1,267 816 16,684 19,368

West ................................. 49,320 3,704 3,142 799 797 9,571 12,345

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 15,375 1,113 517 204 155 1,180 2,179

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 14,482 1,203 673 224 234 2,230 2,466

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 73,878 5,319 5,260 911 828 14,988 18,105

White, single race, female .................. 79,480 5,447 6,200 1,251 1,013 21,535 23,122

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 11,482 1,176 539 285 138 1,535 1,982

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 14,092 1,647 646 291 105 3,126 3,472

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

– Quantity zero.
 

1In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had: an ulcer (including a stomach, duodenal, or peptic ulcer) or diabetes
 

(or sugar diabetes; female respondents were instructed to exclude pregnancy-related diabetes). Responses from persons who said they had ‘‘borderline’’ diabetes were treated as unknown with
 

respect to diabetes. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had been told in the last 12 months by a doctor or other health professional that they had: weak or failing kidneys (excluding kidney stones,
 

bladder infections, or incontinence) or any kind of liver condition.
 

3Respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia. Those that answered
 

yes were classified as having an arthritis diagnosis. Respondents were also asked: ‘‘During the past 30 days, have you had pain, aching or stiffness in or around a joint?’’ (excluding back and neck)
 

and, if yes, ‘‘Did your joint symptoms first begin more than 3 months ago?’’ Respondents with symptoms that began more than 3 months ago were classified in this table as having chronic joint
 

symptoms.
 

4Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequencies (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

6In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

7The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

8Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

9Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

10GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

11The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

12Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

13Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

14MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 31

Table 8. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected diseases and conditions

Selected characteristic Diabetes1 Ulcers1

Kidney

disease2

Liver

disease2

Arthritis

diagnosis3

Chronic joint

symptoms3

Percent4 (standard error)

Total5 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total5 (crude)............................

7.6 (0.21)

7.8 (0.22)

6.4 (0.20)

6.5 (0.20)

1.5 (0.09)

1.5 (0.09)

1.1 (0.08)

1.2 (0.08)

20.3 (0.31)

20.8 (0.36)

23.6 (0.37)

24.2 (0.40)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

8.0 (0.31)

7.3 (0.26)

6.3 (0.29)

6.7 (0.25)

1.4 (0.13)

1.6 (0.13)

1.1 (0.11)

1.2 (0.11)

17.5 (0.44)

22.8 (0.43)

21.9 (0.46)

25.2 (0.50)

Age6

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

2.2 (0.19)

10.7 (0.42)

20.3 (0.95)

17.6 (1.00)

4.2 (0.24)

7.4 (0.38)

11.0 (0.72)

12.6 (0.86)

0.7 (0.09)

1.6 (0.16)

3.1 (0.43)

4.5 (0.49)

0.7 (0.09)

1.8 (0.16)

1.9 (0.32)

0.9 (0.21)

7.1 (0.31)

28.2 (0.65)

43.4 (1.25)

52.7 (1.36)

13.3 (0.41)

32.6 (0.70)

37.2 (1.16)

42.9 (1.30)

Race

1 race7

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races8 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

7.6 (0.21)

6.8 (0.23)

12.3 (0.59)

17.2 (3.07)

8.9 (1.02)

*20.6 (7.04)

10.3 (1.91)

*14.0 (5.16)

10.5 (2.24)

6.4 (0.20)

6.8 (0.23)

5.2 (0.38)

*6.5 (2.60)

3.0 (0.56)

†

8.0 (1.56)

†

9.8 (2.44)

1.5 (0.09)

1.4 (0.09)

2.5 (0.30)

†

*0.9 (0.27)

–

*3.6 (1.11)

†

*3.9 (1.70)

1.1 (0.08)

1.2 (0.09)

0.9 (0.15)

†

0.9 (0.26)

–

*3.1 (1.02)

†

*5.2 (1.93)

20.2 (0.32)

20.8 (0.36)

20.4 (0.71)

26.8 (2.80)

9.9 (1.04)

†

27.4 (2.54)

31.3 (5.17)

30.6 (3.63)

23.5 (0.37)

24.2 (0.42)

22.6 (0.81)

29.7 (3.13)

14.6 (1.29)

†

34.8 (2.92)

30.2 (5.78)

42.9 (4.20)

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

11.1 (0.64)

12.5 (0.90)

7.3 (0.22)

6.4 (0.25)

12.5 (0.59)

4.9 (0.43)

5.2 (0.65)

6.7 (0.23)

7.2 (0.27)

5.1 (0.39)

1.8 (0.27)

2.1 (0.45)

1.4 (0.09)

1.3 (0.10)

2.5 (0.31)

1.6 (0.25)

1.7 (0.39)

1.1 (0.08)

1.1 (0.10)

0.9 (0.16)

15.7 (0.77)

14.9 (0.97)

21.0 (0.35)

21.8 (0.40)

20.3 (0.72)

19.0 (0.83)

19.3 (1.16)

24.4 (0.41)

25.3 (0.47)

22.7 (0.82)

Education10

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED11 .................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

13.2 (0.61)

9.2 (0.46)

7.8 (0.47)

6.4 (0.40)

9.2 (0.62)

6.7 (0.39)

8.0 (0.49)

5.3 (0.35)

2.7 (0.32)

2.0 (0.24)

1.5 (0.19)

1.0 (0.17)

2.1 (0.28)

1.3 (0.17)

1.6 (0.18)

0.7 (0.12)

25.0 (0.85)

23.8 (0.69)

25.5 (0.65)

19.3 (0.61)

27.0 (0.91)

26.1 (0.77)

30.1 (0.73)

22.1 (0.67)

Family income12

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

10.4 (0.37)

6.5 (0.29)

8.2 (0.57)

7.2 (0.60)

5.9 (0.67)

4.5 (0.53)

8.9 (0.39)

5.7 (0.29)

7.1 (0.56)

5.8 (0.56)

4.6 (0.53)

5.2 (0.54)

2.6 (0.19)

1.0 (0.12)

1.3 (0.24)

1.4 (0.25)

*0.9 (0.36)

*0.5 (0.16)

1.9 (0.18)

0.9 (0.11)

1.4 (0.29)

1.1 (0.20)

*0.8 (0.25)

0.6 (0.13)

24.3 (0.54)

19.4 (0.42)

20.4 (0.78)

19.2 (0.83)

19.3 (1.04)

19.0 (0.86)

27.5 (0.62)

23.1 (0.50)

24.7 (0.93)

22.2 (0.89)

23.2 (1.15)

23.0 (0.94)

Poverty status13

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

12.2 (0.67)

10.6 (0.72)

6.6 (0.26)

9.3 (0.68)

8.7 (0.65)

6.1 (0.25)

2.6 (0.30)

2.9 (0.35)

1.1 (0.10)

2.5 (0.31)

1.8 (0.31)

0.9 (0.09)

25.2 (0.86)

24.1 (0.82)

19.8 (0.38)

28.2 (0.96)

27.8 (0.93)

23.3 (0.47)

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

4.4 (0.19)

12.0 (1.16)

9.8 (1.32)

5.3 (0.46)

17.1 (0.92)

30.5 (2.89)

19.9 (1.37)

20.6 (2.68)

*17.3 (5.29)

4.7 (0.23)

9.4 (1.09)

6.3 (0.91)

5.9 (0.44)

12.0 (0.76)

17.2 (2.20)

10.0 (0.95)

13.2 (2.20)

†

0.5 (0.07)

4.1 (0.60)

3.2 (0.84)

1.0 (0.18)

3.3 (0.42)

8.0 (1.48)

3.9 (0.61)

*3.8 (1.30)

–

0.8 (0.10)

3.4 (0.50)

2.1 (0.45)

0.9 (0.18)

1.4 (0.26)

*1.5 (0.64)

1.5 (0.38)

*1.9 (0.80)

–

14.1 (0.37)

22.1 (1.17)

25.8 (1.84)

11.6 (0.61)

47.7 (1.18)

57.6 (3.14)

45.7 (1.65)

51.1 (3.23)

*13.6 (5.21)

19.3 (0.44)

27.7 (1.30)

27.2 (1.79)

19.7 (0.77)

39.7 (1.14)

48.8 (2.93)

37.6 (1.55)

44.7 (3.37)

*24.9 (10.58)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 32 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 8. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected diseases and conditions

Kidney Liver Arthritis Chronic joint

Selected characteristic Diabetes1 Ulcers1 disease2 disease2 diagnosis3 symptoms3

Marital status Percent4 (standard error)

Married ............................... 7.6 (0.28) 6.0 (0.27) 1.3 (0.11) 1.0 (0.10) 20.7 (0.46) 23.6 (0.49)

Widowed .............................. 9.9 (1.38) *7.0 (2.80) *3.2 (1.22) † 26.6 (3.32) 29.5 (3.85)

Divorced or separated ...................... 9.2 (0.50) 9.7 (0.61) 2.2 (0.29) 2.1 (0.28) 24.1 (0.83) 28.6 (0.95)

Never married ........................... 8.1 (0.72) 5.3 (0.49) 2.0 (0.39) 1.3 (0.23) 15.6 (0.89) 19.9 (0.89)

Living with a partner ....................... 6.8 (1.03) 7.6 (0.99) *1.7 (0.64) 1.8 (0.43) 22.9 (1.84) 28.0 (1.89)

Place of residence15

Large MSA ............................. 7.2 (0.27) 5.5 (0.26) 1.3 (0.11) 1.1 (0.10) 18.8 (0.43) 21.1 (0.48)

Small MSA ............................. 7.6 (0.38) 6.7 (0.39) 1.7 (0.18) 1.2 (0.16) 21.3 (0.59) 25.6 (0.70)

Not in MSA ............................. 8.9 (0.54) 8.5 (0.53) 1.8 (0.23) 1.3 (0.18) 23.1 (0.82) 27.2 (0.98)

Region

Northeast .............................. 6.3 (0.44) 4.9 (0.39) 1.3 (0.21) 0.9 (0.15) 19.8 (0.71) 21.6 (0.74)

Midwest ............................... 7.7 (0.43) 7.5 (0.50) 1.4 (0.16) 1.2 (0.16) 21.9 (0.65) 24.8 (0.77)

South ................................ 8.3 (0.34) 6.5 (0.32) 1.6 (0.14) 1.0 (0.11) 20.1 (0.54) 23.3 (0.67)

West ................................. 7.6 (0.47) 6.4 (0.39) 1.7 (0.20) 1.6 (0.21) 19.3 (0.66) 24.6 (0.71)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 11.2 (1.01) 4.6 (0.63) 2.0 (0.49) 1.1 (0.29) 11.2 (1.07) 17.4 (1.17)

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 10.9 (0.85) 5.3 (0.63) 1.8 (0.34) 1.9 (0.39) 19.5 (1.01) 20.3 (1.13)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 6.8 (0.38) 7.0 (0.39) 1.2 (0.14) 1.1 (0.14) 19.2 (0.57) 23.6 (0.61)

White, single race, female .................. 6.1 (0.32) 7.4 (0.34) 1.4 (0.16) 1.2 (0.14) 24.0 (0.56) 26.8 (0.65)

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 12.2 (1.04) 5.5 (0.69) 2.6 (0.50) 1.2 (0.26) 15.9 (1.06) 18.9 (1.14)

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 12.7 (0.74) 4.9 (0.47) 2.3 (0.34) 0.7 (0.19) 23.6 (1.02) 25.5 (1.10)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.
 

1In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had: an ulcer (including a stomach, duodenal, or peptic ulcer) or diabetes
 

(or sugar diabetes; female respondents were instructed to exclude pregnancy-related diabetes). Responses from persons who said they had ‘‘borderline’’ diabetes were treated as unknown with
 

respect to diabetes. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had been told in the last 12 months by a doctor or other health professional that they had: weak or failing kidneys (excluding kidney stones,
 

bladder infections, or incontinence) or any kind of liver condition.
 

3Respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia. Those that answered
 

yes were classified as having an arthritis diagnosis. Respondents were also asked: ‘‘During the past 30 days, have you had pain, aching or stiffness in or around a joint?’’ (excluding back and neck)
 

and, if yes, ‘‘Did your joint symptoms first begin more than 3 months ago?’’ Respondents with symptoms that began more than 3 months ago were classified in this table as having chronic joint
 

symptoms.
 

4Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

6Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

10 Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74
 

years, and 75 years and over.
 

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

13Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two
 

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

15MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and
 

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table VII in Appendix III.
 

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 33

Table 9. Frequencies of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years of

age and over

Migraines or

severe

headaches1

Pain in

neck2

Pain in

lower back3

Pain in

face or

jaw4

Number in thousands5

Total6................................. 223,181 27,364 29,019 57,070 9,062

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

107,750

115,431

7,956

19,409

11,665

17,354

25,334

31,736

2,581

6,481

Age

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

16,427

9,277

1,075

585

11,833

12,073

2,833

2,280

24,555

21,860

5,650

5,005

4,649

3,455

607

350

Race

1 race7

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races8 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

26,792

22,241

3,010

463

1,049

†

572

*51

351

28,485

24,727

2,473

336

897

†

534

*43

378

56,016

47,523

6,006

543

1,799

*146

1,053

115

657

8,825

7,532

814

*192

264

†

237

†

*156

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

3,462

1,928

23,902

19,132

2,933

3,321

1,925

25,698

21,729

2,408

6,851

3,955

50,218

41,463

5,666

970

516

8,092

6,711

759

Education10

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED11 .................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

3,829

6,771

7,199

5,832

4,610

7,458

7,850

6,909

9,436

15,831

14,353

11,976

1,173

2,124

2,644

1,882

Family income12

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

11,023

14,522

3,468

4,660

2,471

3,922

11,076

15,716

4,004

4,398

2,824

4,490

21,864

30,466

7,571

9,420

5,500

7,975

3,769

4,583

1,112

1,278

1,015

1,179

Poverty status13

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

23,083

31,110

139,879

4,395

4,967

15,654

3,762

4,937

17,219

7,292

9,353

33,672

1,579

1,478

5,074

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

15,407

3,544

1,388

5,344

801

254

495

*87

†

15,039

2,677

1,414

4,722

2,806

490

1,461

315

†

28,685

5,360

2,462

9,725

6,304

985

2,622

681

*47

4,751

1,297

572

1,484

482

165

237

*53

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 34 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 9. Frequencies of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

All persons Migraines or Pain in

18 years of severe Pain in Pain in face or

Selected characteristic age and over headaches1 neck2 lower back3 jaw4

Marital status Number in thousands5

Married ............................... 124,214 14,808 16,312 31,507 4,696

Widowed .............................. 14,080 884 1,929 4,199 452

Divorced or separated ...................... 24,008 3,742 4,363 7,708 1,446

Never married ........................... 45,472 5,353 4,462 9,228 1,842

Living with a partner ....................... 14,619 2,531 1,870 4,290 612

Place of residence15

Large MSA ............................. 111,359 12,720 12,933 25,926 4,160

Small MSA ............................. 73,818 9,539 10,362 20,034 3,323

Not in MSA ............................. 38,004 5,106 5,724 11,110 1,579

Region

Northeast .............................. 38,209 4,322 4,808 9,897 1,465

Midwest ............................... 53,802 6,387 6,868 13,983 2,212

South ................................ 81,850 10,237 10,071 19,654 3,420

West ................................. 49,320 6,418 7,272 13,536 1,965

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 15,375 872 1,377 3,034 253

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 14,482 2,590 1,943 3,818 717

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 73,878 5,828 8,862 18,743 1,765

White, single race, female .................. 79,480 13,304 12,866 22,720 4,945

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 11,482 731 824 2,095 229

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 14,092 2,202 1,584 3,570 530

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have a severe headache or migraine?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and
 

conversely, not to report fleeting or minor aches or pains. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have neck pain?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report
 

fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

3Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have low back pain?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report
 

fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

4Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have facial ache or pain in the jaw muscles or the joint in front of the ear?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had
 

lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

5Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequencies (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

10Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

13Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

15MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 35

Table 10. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among persons 18

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

Migraines or

severe

headaches1

Pain

in neck2

Pain in

lower back3

Pain in

face or jaw4

Percent5 (standard error)

Total6 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total6 (crude)............................

12.3 (0.28)

12.3 (0.27)

12.8 (0.28)

13.0 (0.28)

25.4 (0.38)

25.6 (0.38)

4.0 (0.17)

4.1 (0.17)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

7.3 (0.32)

17.2 (0.44)

10.7 (0.39)

14.8 (0.38)

23.4 (0.51)

27.2 (0.51)

2.4 (0.19)

5.6 (0.27)

Age7

18–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

14.8 (0.43)

12.2 (0.47)

5.6 (0.51)

3.5 (0.42)

10.7 (0.36)

15.9 (0.51)

14.7 (0.86)

13.5 (0.87)

22.2 (0.53)

28.7 (0.63)

29.4 (1.04)

29.7 (1.16)

4.2 (0.24)

4.5 (0.28)

3.2 (0.40)

2.1 (0.33)

Race

1 race8

................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..............

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .........

2 or more races9 .........................

Black or African American, white ..............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white..........

12.2 (0.28)

12.5 (0.31)

11.1 (0.59)

18.8 (3.94)

9.6 (0.99)

†

18.2 (2.39)

*13.1 (5.31)

22.7 (3.87)

12.8 (0.28)

13.4 (0.32)

9.6 (0.57)

16.1 (2.95)

8.8 (0.96)

†

17.1 (2.28)

*17.0 (5.43)

23.3 (3.75)

25.3 (0.38)

26.0 (0.43)

23.0 (0.82)

24.2 (3.08)

17.8 (1.46)

37.1 (9.44)

36.2 (3.32)

31.8 (7.24)

42.0 (5.00)

4.0 (0.17)

4.2 (0.19)

3.0 (0.32)

*8.1 (2.89)

2.5 (0.50)

†

7.5 (1.70)

†

*9.8 (3.06)

Hispanic or Latino origin10 and race

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American ................

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

11.4 (0.63)

10.6 (0.79)

12.6 (0.31)

13.0 (0.36)

11.2 (0.61)

12.5 (0.67)

12.7 (0.93)

13.1 (0.31)

13.9 (0.37)

9.5 (0.58)

24.3 (0.94)

23.3 (1.24)

25.7 (0.42)

26.7 (0.50)

22.4 (0.81)

3.4 (0.35)

3.0 (0.46)

4.2 (0.19)

4.5 (0.23)

2.9 (0.32)

Education11

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED12 .................

Some college............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

13.9 (0.81)

12.8 (0.58)

13.9 (0.54)

9.8 (0.47)

15.3 (0.72)

13.1 (0.56)

15.5 (0.61)

12.0 (0.51)

31.2 (0.97)

28.3 (0.72)

28.6 (0.71)

21.2 (0.66)

4.0 (0.44)

3.9 (0.31)

5.1 (0.33)

3.2 (0.25)

Family income13

Less than $35,000 ........................

$35,000 or more..........................

$35,000–$49,999 ........................

$50,000–$74,999 ........................

$75,000–$99,999 ........................

$100,000 or more........................

16.8 (0.56)

10.8 (0.34)

11.4 (0.66)

11.9 (0.66)

9.7 (0.71)

10.0 (0.66)

16.2 (0.47)

12.1 (0.39)

13.2 (0.72)

11.7 (0.66)

11.5 (0.87)

11.9 (0.76)

31.6 (0.69)

23.5 (0.49)

25.0 (0.91)

24.9 (0.86)

23.1 (1.16)

20.9 (0.92)

5.6 (0.34)

3.4 (0.20)

3.6 (0.37)

3.3 (0.36)

3.9 (0.52)

3.0 (0.36)

Poverty status14

Poor .................................

Near poor ..............................

Not poor...............................

18.7 (0.94)

16.3 (0.76)

11.1 (0.34)

17.6 (0.82)

16.5 (0.75)

12.1 (0.38)

33.5 (1.21)

30.6 (0.91)

23.9 (0.48)

7.0 (0.58)

4.9 (0.48)

3.6 (0.20)

Health insurance coverage15

Under age 65 years:

Private ..............................

Medicaid .............................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..............................

Medicaid and Medicare ....................

Medicare only ..........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ............................

12.3 (0.38)

24.6 (1.22)

20.8 (1.88)

14.5 (0.73)

3.8 (0.42)

11.4 (1.86)

4.9 (0.70)

*3.2 (1.04)

†

11.5 (0.38)

19.1 (1.09)

17.5 (1.55)

13.2 (0.67)

13.5 (0.79)

22.0 (2.63)

14.4 (1.12)

12.1 (2.16)

†

22.0 (0.48)

37.8 (1.50)

33.3 (2.27)

27.1 (0.88)

30.3 (1.04)

44.3 (3.11)

25.8 (1.42)

25.9 (3.00)

*18.1 (8.00)

3.7 (0.22)

9.1 (0.96)

7.9 (1.19)

4.1 (0.40)

2.3 (0.33)

7.4 (1.65)

2.3 (0.49)

*2.0 (0.68)

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 36 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 10. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among persons 18

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Migraines or

severe Pain Pain in Pain in

Selected characteristic headaches1 in neck2 lower back3 face or jaw4

Marital status Percent5 (standard error)

Married ............................... 12.3 (0.39) 12.8 (0.39) 25.0 (0.51) 3.8 (0.24)

Widowed .............................. 12.0 (3.11) 14.4 (3.24) 31.3 (4.57) *2.7 (0.89)

Divorced or separated ...................... 16.2 (0.80) 17.8 (0.82) 30.8 (1.01) 5.7 (0.49)

Never married ........................... 10.6 (0.59) 11.4 (0.68) 23.2 (0.92) 3.9 (0.42)

Living with a partner ....................... 15.0 (1.12) 14.0 (1.49) 32.3 (1.87) 4.0 (0.67)

Place of residence16

Large MSA ............................. 11.3 (0.37) 11.5 (0.38) 23.3 (0.51) 3.7 (0.21)

Small MSA ............................. 12.9 (0.50) 14.0 (0.52) 27.1 (0.72) 4.5 (0.32)

Not in MSA ............................. 14.4 (0.71) 14.5 (0.65) 28.5 (0.94) 4.3 (0.44)

Region

Northeast .............................. 11.6 (0.56) 12.5 (0.71) 25.7 (1.07) 3.9 (0.39)

Midwest ............................... 11.9 (0.61) 12.6 (0.56) 25.9 (0.73) 4.1 (0.33)

South ................................ 12.5 (0.46) 12.1 (0.46) 23.8 (0.65) 4.1 (0.29)

West ................................. 13.0 (0.59) 14.6 (0.56) 27.2 (0.68) 4.0 (0.37)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 5.7 (0.71) 10.3 (0.97) 21.0 (1.28) 1.8 (0.35)

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 17.4 (1.00) 14.6 (0.98) 27.5 (1.24) 5.1 (0.59)

Not Hispanic or Latino

White, single race, male ..................... 8.1 (0.44) 11.7 (0.49) 25.2 (0.67) 2.4 (0.23)

White, single race, female .................. 17.8 (0.59) 16.0 (0.52) 28.0 (0.67) 6.4 (0.37)

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 6.2 (0.73) 7.2 (0.85) 18.3 (1.21) 2.0 (0.44)

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 15.3 (0.88) 11.3 (0.77) 25.5 (1.02) 3.7 (0.44)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have a severe headache or migraine?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and
 

conversely, not to report fleeting or minor aches or pains. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have neck pain?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report
 

fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

3Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have low back pain?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report
 

fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

4Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have facial ache or pain in the jaw muscles or the joint in front of the ear?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had
 

lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

5Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

8In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

9The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

10Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

11Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74
 

years, and 75 years and over.
 

12GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

13The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

14Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

15Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two
 

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

16MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and
 

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table VIII in Appendix III.
 

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 37

Table 11. Frequencies of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007

All persons Selected sensory problems1 Absence

18 years of all

of age Hearing Vision natural

Selected characteristic and over trouble trouble teeth1

Number in thousands2

Total5 ........................................ 223,181 33,318 22,378 16,997

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

107,750

115,431

19,287

14,030

9,063

13,315

7,724

9,273

Age

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

6,597

13,400

5,739

7,581

7,596

9,297

2,472

3,012

2,066

5,606

4,284

5,041

Race

1 race6 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races7 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

32,660

29,618

1,926

321

667

*128

657

†

446

21,897

18,358

2,586

356

569

†

481

†

312

16,697

13,997

1,896

208

564

†

299

†

242

Hispanic or Latino origin8 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

2,290

1,286

31,028

27,502

1,876

2,481

1,475

19,897

16,131

2,536

1,404

563

15,592

12,759

1,844

Education9

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED10 ........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

6,325

10,326

8,335

6,864

4,398

6,311

5,630

3,971

5,707

5,923

3,254

1,544

Family income11

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

13,124

17,058

4,309

5,081

3,097

4,571

10,290

10,525

2,662

3,117

1,812

2,934

8,860

6,525

2,354

1,889

960

1,323

Poverty status12

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

23,083

31,110

139,879

3,321

5,062

20,131

3,345

4,214

12,202

2,286

3,783

7,937

Health insurance coverage13

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

12,907

2,130

1,641

3,288

7,873

795

3,487

1,089

*71

9,647

2,237

1,102

3,805

2,980

559

1,478

422

*36

3,832

1,230

855

1,664

4,511

953

3,151

655

*52

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 38 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 11. Frequencies of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

All persons Selected sensory problems1 Absence

18 years of all

of age Hearing Vision natural

Selected characteristic and over trouble trouble teeth1

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married....................................... 124,214 20,180 11,493 8,933

Widowed...................................... 14,080 4,605 2,569 3,929

Divorced or separated ............................. 24,008 4,194 3,337 2,237

Never married .................................. 45,472 2,637 3,175 1,192

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,619 1,640 1,779 642

Place of residence14

Large MSA .................................... 111,359 13,990 9,771 6,582

Small MSA .................................... 73,818 11,551 7,949 6,105

Not in MSA .................................... 38,004 7,777 4,658 4,310

Region

Northeast ..................................... 38,209 5,373 3,231 2,806

Midwest ...................................... 53,802 8,795 5,624 4,530

South........................................ 81,850 11,468 8,317 6,612

West ........................................ 49,320 7,682 5,207 3,049

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 15,375 1,286 1,052 641

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 14,482 1,004 1,429 763

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 73,878 16,285 6,528 5,878

White, single race, female.......................... 79,480 11,217 9,603 6,881

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 11,482 784 904 692

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 14,092 1,092 1,632 1,152

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1Respondents were asked, ‘‘These next questions are about your hearing WITHOUT the use of hearing aids or other listening devices. Is your hearing excellent, good, a little trouble hearing, moderate

trouble, a lot of trouble, or are you deaf?’’ For this table ‘‘A little trouble hearing,’’ ‘‘Moderate trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ and ‘‘Deaf’’ are combined into one category. Data analysts should note that this

question contains more response levels that the 2006 version, which had the following categories: ‘‘Good,’’ ‘‘A little trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ ‘‘Deaf.’’ In 2006, hearing trouble was defined by the

following categories: ‘‘A little trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ and ‘‘Deaf.’’ Estimates of hearing trouble for 2007 may not be comparable with earlier years. A person may be represented in more than one
 

column.
 

2Regarding their vision, respondents were asked, ‘‘Do you have any trouble seeing, even when wearing glasses or contact lenses?’’ Respondents were also asked, ‘‘Are you blind or unable to see at
 

all?’’ For this table, ‘‘Any trouble seeing’’ and ‘‘Blind’’ are combined into one category. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

3Respondents were asked, ‘‘Have you lost all of your upper and lower natural (permanent) teeth?’’ A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

4Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequencies (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

6In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

7The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

8Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

9Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

10GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

11The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

12Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

13Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

14MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 39

Table 12. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among persons 18 years

of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected sensory problems1

Selected characteristic

Hearing

trouble

Vision

trouble

Absence of all

natural teeth

Percent2 (standard error)

Total5 (age adjusted) ..............................

Total5 (crude) ...................................

14.7 (0.27)

14.9 (0.29)

9.9 (0.26)

10.0 (0.26)

7.6 (0.21)

7.6 (0.22)

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

18.4 (0.42)

11.6 (0.33)

8.5 (0.34)

11.2 (0.38)

7.7 (0.30)

7.6 (0.26)

Age6

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

6.0 (0.28)

17.6 (0.55)

29.8 (1.05)

45.0 (1.29)

6.9 (0.31)

12.2 (0.48)

12.9 (0.83)

17.9 (0.99)

1.9 (0.17)

7.4 (0.42)

22.4 (1.01)

30.1 (1.17)

Race

1 race7 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races8 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

14.6 (0.26)

15.7 (0.30)

8.5 (0.51)

18.1 (2.59)

8.0 (0.84)

31.6 (7.61)

24.3 (2.87)

†

27.9 (3.69)

9.8 (0.26)

9.9 (0.29)

10.5 (0.57)

18.2 (3.13)

5.7 (0.73)

†

16.9 (2.45)

*9.7 (4.56)

20.6 (3.74)

7.6 (0.21)

7.5 (0.23)

9.0 (0.52)

13.9 (1.89)

7.0 (0.84)

†

12.9 (2.14)

†

15.5 (3.01)

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

10.8 (0.67)

11.7 (0.89)

15.3 (0.29)

16.6 (0.33)

8.4 (0.51)

9.9 (0.63)

10.1 (0.84)

10.0 (0.29)

10.1 (0.33)

10.6 (0.59)

7.4 (0.53)

6.2 (0.69)

7.7 (0.23)

7.6 (0.26)

8.9 (0.53)

Education10

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED11 ........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

18.0 (0.77)

17.3 (0.58)

17.6 (0.63)

13.6 (0.52)

13.4 (0.72)

10.9 (0.49)

11.3 (0.54)

7.3 (0.42)

15.3 (0.61)

9.6 (0.47)

7.2 (0.41)

3.2 (0.31)

Family income12

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

17.1 (0.49)

14.3 (0.36)

14.4 (0.70)

14.9 (0.67)

15.3 (0.91)

12.7 (0.78)

14.6 (0.56)

8.2 (0.31)

8.8 (0.58)

8.6 (0.58)

7.8 (0.73)

7.4 (0.57)

11.0 (0.37)

5.8 (0.29)

7.8 (0.55)

5.7 (0.48)

4.8 (0.69)

4.2 (0.53)

Poverty status13

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

16.9 (0.86)

16.3 (0.75)

14.7 (0.32)

16.0 (0.92)

14.0 (0.74)

8.7 (0.29)

12.5 (0.66)

12.3 (0.61)

6.1 (0.25)

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

9.2 (0.31)

15.3 (1.08)

18.9 (1.71)

9.9 (0.58)

37.9 (1.13)

35.8 (3.11)

34.3 (1.66)

42.4 (3.32)

*33.2 (11.57)

7.2 (0.28)

16.0 (1.10)

12.6 (1.42)

10.9 (0.68)

14.4 (0.86)

25.2 (2.53)

14.6 (1.15)

16.5 (2.37)

*12.5 (5.62)

2.7 (0.19)

9.1 (0.89)

8.9 (1.27)

5.2 (0.46)

21.8 (0.94)

42.9 (3.18)

31.3 (1.61)

25.7 (3.05)

*16.6 (6.61)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 40 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 12. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among persons 18 years

of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected sensory problems1

Hearing Vision Absence of all

Selected characteristic trouble trouble natural teeth

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married....................................... 15.4 (0.37) 8.8 (0.33) 6.9 (0.28)

Widowed...................................... 15.8 (3.12) 11.7 (2.55) 10.0 (0.72)

Divorced or separated ............................. 16.2 (0.73) 13.2 (0.75) 9.1 (0.61)

Never married .................................. 10.5 (0.78) 8.7 (0.61) 6.3 (0.64)

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 (1.70) 13.6 (1.43) 7.9 (1.39)

Place of residence15

Large MSA .................................... 13.0 (0.35) 8.8 (0.35) 6.3 (0.29)

Small MSA .................................... 15.5 (0.51) 10.7 (0.48) 8.4 (0.40)

Not in MSA .................................... 18.2 (0.71) 11.4 (0.65) 9.5 (0.47)

Region

Northeast ..................................... 13.4 (0.55) 8.1 (0.50) 6.9 (0.41)

Midwest ...................................... 16.0 (0.52) 10.3 (0.57) 8.3 (0.48)

South........................................ 14.1 (0.46) 10.1 (0.47) 8.2 (0.36)

West ........................................ 15.6 (0.58) 10.5 (0.48) 6.4 (0.39)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 12.7 (1.11) 8.5 (0.96) 7.6 (0.86)

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 9.1 (0.75) 11.3 (0.86) 7.4 (0.75)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 21.0 (0.53) 8.5 (0.41) 7.7 (0.37)

White, single race, female.......................... 12.6 (0.40) 11.5 (0.49) 7.5 (0.33)

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 8.7 (0.87) 8.4 (0.80) 7.9 (0.88)

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 8.4 (0.67) 12.1 (0.80) 9.5 (0.63)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.
 

1Respondents were asked, ‘‘These next questions are about your hearing WITHOUT the use of hearing aids or other listening devices. Is your hearing excellent, good, a little trouble hearing, moderate trouble,
 

a lot of trouble, or are you deaf?’’ For this table ‘‘A little trouble hearing,’’ ‘‘Moderate trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ and ‘‘Deaf’’ are combined into one category. Data analysts should note that this question contains
 

more response levels that the 2006 version, which had the following categories: ‘‘Good,’’ ‘‘A little trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ and ‘‘Deaf.’’ In 2006, hearing trouble was defined by the following categories: ‘‘A little
 

trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ and ‘‘Deaf.’’ Estimates of hearing trouble for 2007 may not be comparable with earlier years. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Regarding their vision, respondents were asked, ‘‘Do you have any trouble seeing, even when wearing glasses or contact lenses?’’ Respondents were also asked, ‘‘Are you blind or unable to see at
 

all?’’ For this table, ‘‘Any trouble seeing’’ and ‘‘Blind’’ are combined into one category. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

3Respondents were asked, ‘‘Have you lost all of your upper and lower natural (permanent) teeth?’’ A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

4Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

6Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

10Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over.

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

13Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons aged 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.

15MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table IX in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything is an effort among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

Selected mental health characteristics1

eristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

Sadness

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Hopelessness

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Worthlessness

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Everything is an effort

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Number in thousands2

..................... 223,181 6,306 15,521 4,366 8,279 3,871 6,521 10,583 16,898

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.....................

107,750

115,431

2,284

4,022

6,008

9,513

1,615

2,752

3,251

5,028

1,434

2,437

2,667

3,854

4,404

6,179

6,878

10,020

...............................................................

.....................

110,890

76,13619,258

16,897

2,865

2,578

422

441

7,3255,485

1,479

1,232

1,9241,923

346

173

4,016

3,177

650

437

1,6001,703

274

294

3,207

2,333

558

422

5,075

4,066

791

650

8,6325,577

1,479

1,210

.....................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.....................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

220,175180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

6,0724,750

982

*131

209

–

233

†

*114

15,233

12,118

2,172

†

696

†

288

†

193

4,2333,557

509

†

148

–

133

†

*74

8,0726,465

1,098

*179

309

†

207

†

*114

3,7803,279

345

*48

*107

–

*92

†

†

6,2765,099

784

*137

236

†

245

†

183

10,230

7,955

1,809

135

311

†

352

*32

218

16,55913,565

2,137

*195

656

†

339

†

181

n6 and race

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

29,857

18,309

193,324153,359

25,574

1,211

644

5,0953,724

951

2,140

1,169

13,381

10,116

2,152

821

461

3,5452,824

494

1,195

684

7,0855,397

1,075

631

323

3,2402,695

331

756

463

5,7654,476

765

1,344

761

9,2386,821

1,753

1,707

965

15,19112,091

2,070

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

1,754

1,958

1,171

659

3,219

4,487

3,731

1,963

1,042

1,524

877

380

1,998

2,442

2,129

867

1,052

1,226

811

301

1,337

1,990

1,705

666

2,029

3,214

2,549

1,276

2,931

4,602

3,828

3,148

e9

.....................

.....................

...............................................................

.....................

69,738

130,163

30,24737,71724,193

38,006

3,751

2,200

914665

*363

258

7,768

6,762

2,1762,312

979

1,295

2,772

1,363

423400

*332

209

4,602

3,242

1,1631,177

299

604

2,484

1,229

359397

*310

*163

3,662

2,442

900829

237

476

5,971

4,080

1,3601,419

658

642

7,424

8,457

2,6412,418

1,274

2,124

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 41
sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything is an effort among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

Selected mental health characteristics1

eristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

Sadness

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Hopelessness

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Worthlessness

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Everything is an effort

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

s10 Number in thousands2

.....................

.....................

.....................

23,083

31,110

139,879

1,711

1,383

2,421

3,093

3,074

7,590

1,257

1,028

1,548

1,809

1,982

3,601

1,110

825

1,488

1,451

1,693

2,647

2,480

2,639

4,368

2,854

3,156

9,130

overage11

.....................

.....................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.....................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

1,896

1,276

427

1,820

346

132

282

*77

†

5,993

2,251

956

3,541

1,374

288

855

160

†

1,354

833

396

1,215

215

*65

181

*58

–

2,988

1,501

646

2,047

493

205

302

*76

†

1,137

785

290

1,091

304

*65

104

*95

–

2,403

1,166

572

1,392

508

96

332

*32

†

3,941

1,821

753

2,571

680

227

422

*108

†

8,095

2,072

939

3,028

1,449

308

660

250

†

s

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

124,214

14,080

24,008

45,472

14,619

2,598

638

1,300

1,364

391

6,540

1,536

2,624

3,355

1,417

1,924

281

920

871

345

3,482

654

1,597

1,584

942

1,696

267

895

682

303

2,954

547

1,096

1,396

521

4,615

788

1,983

2,453

719

8,126

1,269

2,218

3,664

1,579

nce12

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.....................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111,359

73,818

38,004

3,032

2,028

1,245

7,348

5,079

3,093

1,866

1,542

959

3,635

3,038

1,606

1,668

1,273

930

2,605

2,604

1,312

4,699

3,651

2,233

7,462

6,128

3,308

.....................

.....................

.....................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38,209

53,80281,850

49,320

800

1,4542,705

1,347

2,784

3,7385,568

3,431

589

1,114

1,831

832

1,399

1,6763,364

1,840

483

976

1,656

757

936

1,570

2,645

1,369

1,536

2,472

4,410

2,164

2,755

4,081

6,1783,884

city

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

ale ...................

male ..................

15,37514,482

73,878

79,480

11,482

14,092

438

773

1,345

2,379

285666

761

1,379

3,972

6,143

807

1,345

323

498

1,030

1,794

147347

382812

2,175

3,222

375700

234397

979

1,715

91

240

254502

1,851

2,625

257

508

515

829

2,904

3,917

643

1,110

647

1,060

5,049

7,043

779

1,291

Page 42[ Series 10, No. 240

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
ed how often in the past 30 days they felt: so sad that nothing could cheer them up, hopeless, worthless, or that everything was an effort. Respondents could choose from among five response categories:
 

ime,’’ ‘‘A little of the time,’’ or ‘‘None of the time.’’ For this table, ‘‘All’’ and ‘‘Most’’ are combined, and ‘‘Some’’ is shown separately.
 

frequencies (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 43
(with standard errors) of feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything is an effort among persons 18 years of age and

nited States, 2007

Selected mental health characteristics1

Sadness Hopelessness Worthlessness Everything is an effort

All or most Some of All or most Some of All or most Some of All or most Some of

eristic of the time the time of the time the time of the time the time of the time the time

Percent2 (standard error)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 (0.13) 7.0 (0.21) 1.9 (0.11) 3.7 (0.15) 1.7 (0.11) 3.0 (0.14) 4.8 (0.17) 7.7 (0.22)

..................... 2.9 (0.13) 7.1 (0.21) 2.0 (0.12) 3.8 (0.15) 1.8 (0.11) 3.0 (0.14) 4.8 (0.18) 7.7 (0.21)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 (0.16) 5.7 (0.29) 1.5 (0.14) 3.0 (0.20) 1.3 (0.13) 2.5 (0.19) 4.1 (0.24) 6.5 (0.29)

..................... 3.5 (0.20) 8.3 (0.28) 2.4 (0.17) 4.4 (0.21) 2.1 (0.17) 3.4 (0.19) 5.4 (0.24) 8.9 (0.31)

..................... 2.6 (0.18) 6.7 (0.31) 1.8 (0.16) 3.7 (0.21) 1.5 (0.15) 2.9 (0.20) 4.6 (0.26) 7.9 (0.31) 
 ..................... 3.4 (0.24) 7.3 (0.36) 2.6 (0.24) 4.2 (0.27) 2.3 (0.23) 3.1 (0.23) 5.4 (0.31) 7.4 (0.36) 
 ..................... 2.2 (0.35) 7.9 (0.65) 1.8 (0.33) 3.5 (0.45) 1.5 (0.28) 3.0 (0.47) 4.2 (0.49) 7.9 (0.66) 
 

..................... 2.7 (0.38) 7.5 (0.64) 1.1 (0.22) 2.7 (0.36) 1.8 (0.36) 2.6 (0.37) 4.0 (0.44) 7.4 (0.66) 
 

..................... 2.8 (0.13) 7.0 (0.21) 1.9 (0.11) 3.7 (0.15) 1.7 (0.11) 2.9 (0.14) 4.7 (0.17) 7.6 (0.22) 
 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 (0.14) 6.8 (0.24) 2.0 (0.13) 3.6 (0.17) 1.8 (0.13) 2.9 (0.15) 4.4 (0.19) 7.7 (0.24) 
 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 (0.35) 8.4 (0.49) 1.9 (0.26) 4.2 (0.35) 1.3 (0.19) 3.0 (0.33) 6.8 (0.50) 8.1 (0.54) 
 

..................... *5.9 (1.97) 10.5 (3.02) † *7.6 (2.33) *2.0 (0.89) *6.3 (2.36) *5.5 (1.65) 9.9 (2.56) 
 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 (0.44) 6.9 (0.88) 1.4 (0.38) 2.9 (0.52) *1.0 (0.33) 2.4 (0.55) 2.9 (0.53) 6.3 (0.96) 
 

..................... – † – † – † † † 
 

..................... 7.8 (1.55) 10.3 (1.97) 4.2 (1.17) 7.4 (1.84) *3.2 (1.18) 8.0 (1.65) 12.9 (2.12) 11.7 (2.18) 
 

..................... † † † *10.4 (4.80) † † *11.9 (5.03) † 
 

..................... *7.4 (2.24) 13.2 (3.36) *4.6 (1.79) *7.7 (2.60) † 11.6 (2.78) 15.2 (3.07) 12.2 (3.16) 
 

n7 and race
 

..................... 4.9 (0.44) 7.5 (0.55) 3.1 (0.36) 4.3 (0.39) 2.6 (0.35) 2.6 (0.34) 4.8 (0.42) 6.2 (0.49) 
 

..................... 4.6 (0.62) 6.7 (0.64) 3.1 (0.52) 4.1 (0.50) 2.4 (0.48) 2.8 (0.54) 4.6 (0.59) 6.1 (0.68) 
 

..................... 2.6 (0.14) 7.0 (0.22) 1.8 (0.12) 3.7 (0.17) 1.7 (0.12) 3.0 (0.15) 4.8 (0.20) 8.0 (0.24) 
 

..................... 2.4 (0.16) 6.7 (0.26) 1.8 (0.15) 3.6 (0.19) 1.8 (0.15) 3.0 (0.17) 4.5 (0.22) 8.1 (0.27) 
 

..................... 3.7 (0.36) 8.6 (0.50) 1.9 (0.26) 4.2 (0.35) 1.3 (0.20) 3.1 (0.33) 6.8 (0.52) 8.1 (0.54) 
 

..................... 6.0 (0.45) 11.0 (0.63) 3.7 (0.39) 7.1 (0.54) 3.7 (0.38) 4.7 (0.44) 7.1 (0.52) 10.0 (0.65) 
 

..................... 3.7 (0.32) 8.3 (0.44) 2.8 (0.27) 4.5 (0.34) 2.2 (0.25) 3.7 (0.29) 5.9 (0.41) 8.5 (0.45) 
 

..................... 2.2 (0.21) 7.5 (0.40) 1.7 (0.21) 4.2 (0.33) 1.6 (0.20) 3.3 (0.29) 5.0 (0.34) 7.7 (0.45) 
 

..................... 1.1 (0.15) 3.4 (0.28) 0.7 (0.12) 1.5 (0.17) 0.5 (0.12) 1.2 (0.16) 2.2 (0.26) 5.5 (0.35) 
 

e10

..................... 5.7 (0.29) 11.5 (0.42) 4.3 (0.28) 7.0 (0.35) 3.8 (0.27) 5.5 (0.29) 9.0 (0.39) 11.0 (0.46) 
 

..................... 1.7 (0.15) 5.3 (0.26) 1.0 (0.13) 2.5 (0.18) 0.9 (0.13) 1.9 (0.16) 3.1 (0.20) 6.6 (0.27) 
 

..................... 3.1 (0.40) 7.3 (0.60) 1.4 (0.27) 3.9 (0.44) 1.2 (0.26) 3.0 (0.40) 4.5 (0.46) 8.9 (0.64) 
 ..................... 1.8 (0.29) 6.2 (0.50) 1.0 (0.25) 3.1 (0.38) 1.1 (0.26) 2.2 (0.31) 3.7 (0.44) 6.5 (0.50) 
 ..................... 1.3 (0.38) 4.2 (0.53) *1.2 (0.38) 1.2 (0.27) *1.2 (0.40) 0.9 (0.21) 2.5 (0.43) 5.4 (0.58) 
 

..................... 0.7 (0.15) 3.4 (0.47) 0.5 (0.14) 1.6 (0.28) *0.4 (0.14) 1.3 (0.27) 1.7 (0.29) 5.8 (0.50) 
 

Page 44[ Series 10, No. 240
(with standard errors) of feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything is an effort among persons 18 years of age and

nited States, 2007—Con.

Selected mental health characteristics1

Sadness Hopelessness Worthlessness Everything is an effort

All or most Some of All or most Some of All or most Some of All or most Some of

eristic of the time the time of the time the time of the time the time of the time the time

s11 Percent2 (standard error)

..................... 7.9 (0.60) 14.5 (0.79) 5.9 (0.56) 8.1 (0.56) 5.3 (0.54) 6.5 (0.52) 11.3 (0.73) 12.9 (0.77)

..................... 4.7 (0.42) 10.1 (0.64) 3.5 (0.39) 6.6 (0.53) 2.8 (0.35) 5.6 (0.53) 8.8 (0.59) 10.4 (0.67)

..................... 1.7 (0.14) 5.5 (0.24) 1.1 (0.12) 2.5 (0.16) 1.1 (0.12) 1.9 (0.15) 3.1 (0.20) 6.7 (0.26)

verage12

..................... 1.5 (0.13) 4.7 (0.23) 1.0 (0.12) 2.3 (0.17) 0.9 (0.11) 1.9 (0.16) 3.1 (0.20) 6.5 (0.26)

..................... 9.2 (0.80) 16.1 (1.05) 6.1 (0.71) 10.8 (0.90) 5.7 (0.72) 8.3 (0.85) 13.2 (0.96) 14.7 (1.09)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 (0.83) 12.5 (1.47) 5.1 (0.92) 8.6 (1.31) 3.7 (0.72) 7.2 (1.13) 10.0 (1.23) 12.4 (1.68)

..................... 5.1 (0.46) 9.6 (0.57) 3.4 (0.36) 5.6 (0.44) 3.1 (0.36) 3.8 (0.37) 7.2 (0.53) 8.3 (0.57)

..................... 1.7 (0.28) 6.7 (0.58) 1.0 (0.23) 2.4 (0.38) 1.5 (0.30) 2.5 (0.43) 3.3 (0.38) 7.1 (0.63)

..................... 6.1 (1.40) 13.2 (1.94) *3.0 (0.92) 9.6 (1.74) *3.0 (0.99) 4.5 (1.25) 10.5 (1.96) 14.4 (2.26)

..................... 2.8 (0.55) 8.6 (0.85) 1.8 (0.42) 3.0 (0.55) 1.1 (0.28) 3.4 (0.58) 4.3 (0.64) 6.7 (0.78)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3.1 (1.05) 6.5 (1.56) *2.3 (1.00) *3.0 (0.97) *3.8 (1.24) *1.3 (0.57) *4.3 (1.34) 10.2 (2.10)

..................... † † – † – † † †

s
 

..................... 2.1 (0.17) 5.3 (0.24) 1.5 (0.14) 2.8 (0.19) 1.4 (0.14) 2.4 (0.17) 3.7 (0.22) 6.7 (0.29) 
 

..................... *7.3 (3.31) 21.9 (4.57) 1.5 (0.36) *14.5 (4.54) † *10.1 (4.14) *7.0 (2.41) 15.4 (4.41) 
 

..................... 5.5 (0.49) 10.7 (0.67) 3.6 (0.38) 6.7 (0.56) 3.7 (0.41) 4.7 (0.44) 7.8 (0.59) 9.3 (0.60) 
 

..................... 3.2 (0.37) 8.0 (0.61) 2.1 (0.28) 3.7 (0.40) 1.8 (0.28) 3.4 (0.40) 5.5 (0.47) 8.3 (0.59) 
 

..................... 2.9 (0.56) 8.8 (1.05) 2.3 (0.50) 5.9 (0.78) 2.9 (0.83) 3.3 (0.62) 4.9 (0.73) 10.1 (1.13) 
 

nce13

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 (0.18) 6.8 (0.29) 1.7 (0.17) 3.3 (0.19) 1.5 (0.17) 2.4 (0.17) 4.2 (0.24) 6.8 (0.29) 
 

..................... 2.7 (0.20) 6.9 (0.37) 2.1 (0.21) 4.1 (0.31) 1.7 (0.16) 3.6 (0.29) 5.0 (0.31) 8.4 (0.41) 
 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 (0.36) 8.1 (0.51) 2.5 (0.25) 4.3 (0.41) 2.5 (0.31) 3.4 (0.30) 6.1 (0.47) 9.0 (0.54) 
 

..................... 2.1 (0.23) 7.3 (0.50) 1.5 (0.22) 3.8 (0.33) 1.3 (0.20) 2.5 (0.27) 4.1 (0.37) 7.4 (0.49) 
 

..................... 2.7 (0.28) 7.1 (0.45) 2.1 (0.28) 3.1 (0.29) 1.8 (0.26) 3.0 (0.27) 4.6 (0.37) 7.8 (0.42) 
 

..................... 3.3 (0.22) 6.9 (0.31) 2.2 (0.18) 4.1 (0.26) 2.0 (0.18) 3.3 (0.24) 5.4 (0.30) 7.6 (0.36) 
 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 (0.26) 7.0 (0.47) 1.7 (0.23) 3.8 (0.34) 1.5 (0.21) 2.8 (0.31) 4.4 (0.35) 8.0 (0.49) 
 

city

..................... 3.8 (0.62) 5.3 (0.76) 2.3 (0.49) 2.5 (0.39) 1.8 (0.45) 1.6 (0.37) 3.5 (0.53) 4.6 (0.64)

..................... 6.0 (0.65) 9.8 (0.81) 3.8 (0.50) 6.0 (0.65) 3.3 (0.54) 3.6 (0.50) 6.1 (0.63) 7.7 (0.67)

..................... 1.8 (0.21) 5.5 (0.36) 1.4 (0.18) 3.0 (0.26) 1.3 (0.17) 2.5 (0.23) 3.9 (0.31) 7.0 (0.38)

..................... 3.0 (0.25) 7.8 (0.37) 2.2 (0.21) 4.1 (0.27) 2.2 (0.23) 3.4 (0.25) 4.9 (0.30) 9.1 (0.40)

ale ................... 2.4 (0.49) 7.4 (0.79) 1.2 (0.34) 3.2 (0.50) 0.7 (0.20) 2.4 (0.46) 5.5 (0.76) 6.6 (0.74)

male .................. 4.7 (0.53) 9.7 (0.67) 2.5 (0.40) 5.0 (0.50) 1.7 (0.30) 3.7 (0.45) 7.9 (0.70) 9.2 (0.74)

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 45
ed how often in the past 30 days they felt: so sad that nothing could cheer them up, hopeless, worthless, or that everything was an effort. Respondents could choose from among five response categories:
 

ime,’’ ‘‘A little of the time,’’ or ‘‘None of the time.’’ For this table, ‘‘All’’ and ‘‘Most’’ are combined, and ‘‘Some’’ is shown separately.
 

denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two age groups for persons under
 

wo age groups for persons age 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table
 

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 

Page 46[ Series 10, No. 240
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 47

Table 15. Frequencies of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

Nervousness1

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Restlessness1

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Number in thousands2

Total3 ........................................ 223,181 8,176 21,203 10,631 22,519

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

107,750

115,431

2,932

5,244

8,534

12,669

4,600

6,030

10,142

12,377

Age

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

3,909

3,054

657

556

11,056

7,190

1,578

1,379

5,744

3,653

724

510

11,443

7,852

1,771

1,453

Race

1 race4 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races5 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

7,970

6,848

769

*83

250

†

205

†

145

20,820

17,483

2,294

*177

839

†

383

*46

198

10,258

8,933

920

*125

*259

†

373

†

254

22,165

18,771

2,516

*174

676

†

354

†

164

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

1,192

655

6,984

5,801

730

2,225

1,192

18,978

15,498

2,195

1,393

777

9,238

7,706

884

2,003

1,048

20,516

16,938

2,437

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED8 .........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

1,914

2,399

1,747

928

3,050

5,388

4,980

4,690

2,059

2,826

2,700

1,368

3,112

5,824

5,418

5,041

Family income9

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

4,465

3,309

1,076

865

614

754

8,673

11,295

3,021

3,470

1,651

3,152

5,332

4,842

1,529

1,281

976

1,056

8,953

12,292

3,042

3,696

1,745

3,809

Poverty status10

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

23,083

31,110

139,879

2,090

1,624

3,584

3,056

4,013

12,129

2,369

2,123

5,212

3,080

3,930

13,264

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

2,980

1,440

638

1,876

529

212

378

*83

†

11,345

2,216

972

3,618

1,720

316

701

167

*52

4,438

1,849

721

2,341

579

200

334

110

†

11,807

2,430

1,218

3,743

1,785

376

841

185

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 48 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 15. Frequencies of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007—Con.

All persons Nervousness1 Restlessness1

18 years

of age All or most Some of All or most Some of

Selected characteristic and over of the time the time of the time the time

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married....................................... 124,214 3,753 10,260 5,133 10,579

Widowed...................................... 14,080 669 1,510 594 1,514

Divorced or separated ............................. 24,008 1,443 2,954 1,552 3,017

Never married .................................. 45,472 1,753 4,627 2,371 5,203

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,619 545 1,814 972 2,145

Place of residence12

Large MSA .................................... 111,359 3,707 9,459 4,476 10,183

Small MSA .................................... 73,818 2,398 8,077 3,747 8,120

Not in MSA .................................... 38,004 2,071 3,668 2,408 4,215

Region

Northeast ..................................... 38,209 1,370 3,996 1,707 4,510

Midwest ...................................... 53,802 1,858 5,285 2,487 5,681

South........................................ 81,850 3,489 7,111 4,368 7,694

West ........................................ 49,320 1,458 4,811 2,069 4,635

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 15,375 346 906 543 761

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 14,482 846 1,318 850 1,242

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 73,878 2,104 6,342 3,415 7,726

White, single race, female.......................... 79,480 3,697 9,156 4,292 9,212

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 11,482 277 816 306 1,057

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 14,092 454 1,379 578 1,380

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1In two separate questions, respondents were asked how often they felt nervous or restless in the past 30 days. Respondents could choose among five response categories: ‘‘All of the time,’’ ‘‘Most of
 

the time,’’ ‘‘Some of the time,’’ ‘‘A little of the time,’’ or ‘‘None of the time.’’ For this table, ‘‘All’’ and ‘‘Most’’ are combined, and ‘‘Some’’ is shown separately.
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequencies (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 49

Table 16. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years of age and

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Nervousness1 Restlessness1

Selected characteristic

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Percent2 (standard error)

Total3 (age adjusted) ..............................

Total3 (crude) ...................................

3.7 (0.16)

3.7 (0.16)

9.6 (0.25)

9.6 (0.25)

4.8 (0.18)

4.8 (0.18)

10.2 (0.26)

10.2 (0.25)

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

2.7 (0.19)

4.6 (0.24)

8.0 (0.34)

11.2 (0.34)

4.3 (0.25)

5.3 (0.26)

9.5 (0.37)

10.9 (0.35)

Age4

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

3.6 (0.23)

4.1 (0.28)

3.5 (0.47)

3.4 (0.45)

10.1 (0.36)

9.6 (0.41)

8.4 (0.74)

8.4 (0.70)

5.2 (0.27)

4.9 (0.30)

3.9 (0.47)

3.1 (0.42)

10.4 (0.39)

10.5 (0.41)

9.4 (0.72)

8.8 (0.75)

Race

1 race5 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races6 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

3.7 (0.16)

3.8 (0.18)

3.0 (0.31)

*3.4 (1.30)

2.4 (0.57)

†

6.7 (1.50)

†

8.8 (2.49)

9.6 (0.25)

9.9 (0.29)

8.9 (0.55)

8.2 (1.88)

8.0 (0.97)

†

12.8 (2.14)

*12.7 (5.35)

13.4 (3.14)

4.7 (0.18)

5.1 (0.21)

3.5 (0.33)

*5.1 (1.64)

*2.4 (0.75)

†

11.9 (2.11)

*12.4 (5.63)

15.4 (3.50)

10.2 (0.26)

10.5 (0.30)

9.6 (0.58)

*7.6 (2.30)

6.3 (0.89)

†

12.0 (2.14)

†

10.3 (2.54)

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

4.5 (0.42)

4.2 (0.51)

3.7 (0.18)

3.8 (0.21)

2.9 (0.32)

7.8 (0.55)

7.0 (0.62)

10.0 (0.28)

10.4 (0.33)

8.8 (0.55)

5.1 (0.44)

4.8 (0.59)

4.9 (0.20)

5.2 (0.24)

3.4 (0.34)

7.4 (0.58)

6.5 (0.62)

10.8 (0.29)

11.4 (0.35)

9.6 (0.59)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED9 .........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

6.6 (0.52)

4.4 (0.33)

3.4 (0.29)

1.7 (0.20)

10.4 (0.60)

9.9 (0.52)

10.0 (0.47)

8.2 (0.43)

7.2 (0.54)

5.3 (0.39)

5.3 (0.38)

2.4 (0.23)

10.5 (0.66)

10.7 (0.50)

10.8 (0.54)

8.9 (0.46)

Family income10

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

6.7 (0.34)

2.6 (0.19)

3.6 (0.42)

2.3 (0.34)

2.4 (0.47)

2.2 (0.35)

12.9 (0.46)

8.8 (0.31)

10.1 (0.69)

9.4 (0.58)

7.0 (0.69)

8.1 (0.61)

8.1 (0.37)

3.7 (0.22)

5.1 (0.53)

3.4 (0.38)

3.9 (0.54)

2.9 (0.38)

13.3 (0.45)

9.5 (0.35)

10.2 (0.74)

10.0 (0.68)

7.1 (0.66)

10.4 (0.72)

Poverty status11

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

9.9 (0.70)

5.5 (0.48)

2.6 (0.18)

13.6 (0.77)

13.2 (0.79)

8.8 (0.30)

10.9 (0.74)

7.1 (0.58)

3.8 (0.21)

14.0 (0.73)

12.9 (0.74)

9.6 (0.32)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

2.4 (0.18)

10.3 (0.88)

8.6 (1.35)

5.3 (0.48)

2.6 (0.39)

9.8 (1.83)

3.8 (0.62)

*3.3 (1.11)

†

9.1 (0.31)

15.8 (1.02)

13.3 (1.74)

10.0 (0.56)

8.4 (0.69)

14.6 (2.21)

7.1 (0.81)

6.6 (1.54)

*13.9 (5.48)

3.6 (0.21)

13.2 (1.00)

9.4 (1.37)

6.4 (0.51)

2.8 (0.36)

9.2 (1.66)

3.4 (0.62)

4.4 (1.27)

†

9.5 (0.35)

17.2 (1.32)

17.5 (2.09)

10.5 (0.56)

8.8 (0.67)

17.4 (2.39)

8.5 (0.90)

7.4 (1.71)

*9.7 (4.79)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 50 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 16. Age-adjusted percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years of age and

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Nervousness1 Restlessness1

Selected characteristic

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married.......................................

Widowed......................................

Divorced or separated .............................

Never married ..................................

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.0 (0.21)

*7.2 (2.50)

5.9 (0.49)

4.0 (0.38)

3.9 (0.85)

8.4 (0.33)

14.7 (4.17)

12.8 (0.76)

10.0 (0.70)

11.0 (1.03)

4.2 (0.25)

*6.7 (2.46)

6.3 (0.50)

5.0 (0.42)

5.8 (0.74)

8.5 (0.33)

12.0 (3.53)

12.6 (0.73)

11.1 (0.70)

13.0 (1.13)

Place of residence13

Large MSA ....................................

Small MSA ....................................

Not in MSA ....................................

3.4 (0.21)

3.3 (0.25)

5.6 (0.52)

8.6 (0.32)

11.1 (0.47)

10.0 (0.68)

4.1 (0.23)

5.1 (0.33)

6.7 (0.55)

9.2 (0.33)

11.1 (0.51)

11.3 (0.72)

Region

Northeast .....................................

Midwest ......................................

South........................................

West ........................................

3.7 (0.37)

3.5 (0.33)

4.3 (0.27)

3.0 (0.31)

10.7 (0.65)

10.0 (0.51)

8.8 (0.40)

9.9 (0.52)

4.6 (0.41)

4.7 (0.35)

5.4 (0.33)

4.2 (0.36)

12.1 (0.65)

10.8 (0.58)

9.5 (0.40)

9.5 (0.50)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................

Hispanic or Latina, female ...........................

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...........................

White, single race, female..........................

Black or African American, single race, male ..............

Black or African American, single race, female .............

2.4 (0.49)

6.5 (0.67)

2.9 (0.26)

4.7 (0.31)

2.3 (0.47)

3.3 (0.44)

5.8 (0.75)

9.6 (0.80)

8.8 (0.44)

12.0 (0.46)

7.3 (0.80)

9.9 (0.75)

3.8 (0.58)

6.3 (0.68)

4.8 (0.33)

5.6 (0.33)

2.6 (0.47)

4.1 (0.49)

5.6 (0.76)

9.2 (0.83)

10.8 (0.50)

12.0 (0.49)

9.1 (0.90)

9.9 (0.73)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1In two separate questions, respondents were asked how often they felt nervous or restless in the past 30 days. Respondents could choose among five response categories: ‘‘All of the time,’’ ‘‘Most of
 

the time,’’ ‘‘Some of the time,’’ ‘‘A little of the time,’’ or ‘‘None of the time.’’ For this table, ‘‘All’’ and ‘‘Most’’ are combined, and ‘‘Some’’ is shown separately.
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74
 

years, and 75 years and over.
 

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two
 

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XI in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 51

Table 17. Frequencies of work-loss days experienced in the past 12 months by employed persons 18 years of age and over, numbers (with

standard errors) of work-loss days per employed person, frequencies of bed days experienced in the past 12 months by all persons 18

years of age and over, and numbers (with standard errors) of bed days per person, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Employed persons All persons

All employed Work-loss All persons

persons days in Work-loss 18 years Bed days Bed days

18 years of the past days per of age in the past per

Selected characteristic age and over 12 months1 person and over 12 months1 person

Number in Mean Number in Mean

thousands2 (standard error)2 thousands2 (standard error)2

Total3 ................................... 157,912 627,639 4.0 (0.16) 223,181 991,962 4.5 (0.21)

Sex

Male ................................... 84,431 315,884 3.8 (0.22) 107,750 369,575 3.5 (0.26)

Female .................................. 73,481 311,755 4.3 (0.23) 115,431 622,387 5.5 (0.30)

Age

18–44 years ............................... 93,106 316,260 3.5 (0.16) 110,890 353,973 3.2 (0.23)

45–64 years ............................... 58,128 284,104 5.0 (0.32) 76,136 424,751 5.7 (0.41)

65–74 years ............................... 5,198 23,276 4.6 (0.89) 19,258 98,385 5.2 (0.73)

75 years and over ........................... 1,480 *4,000 *2.7 (1.11) 16,897 114,853 7.1 (0.90)

Race

1 race4 .................................. 155,715 618,089 4.0 (0.16) 220,175 972,041 4.5 (0.21)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,900 502,317 4.0 (0.18) 180,815 789,021 4.5 (0.24)

Black or African American ..................... 18,525 81,905 4.5 (0.39) 26,366 144,282 5.6 (0.55)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 1,581 *9,286 *6.0 (1.91) 2,222 5,019 2.3 (0.54)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,535 23,588 3.2 (0.77) 10,437 29,373 2.9 (0.72)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 174 † † 335 † †

2 or more races5 ............................ 2,197 9,551 4.4 (0.85) 3,006 19,920 6.7 (1.39)

Black or African American, white ................. 283 † † 378 † †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 1,071 3,944 3.7 (0.87) 1,578 10,888 6.9 (1.93)

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 21,827 72,373 3.4 (0.34) 29,857 106,393 3.6 (0.47)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 13,637 44,965 3.3 (0.44) 18,309 57,258 3.2 (0.58)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 136,085 555,266 4.2 (0.17) 193,324 885,569 4.7 (0.23)

White, single race .......................... 107,932 437,645 4.1 (0.20) 153,359 698,378 4.7 (0.27)

Black or African American, single race ............. 17,929 80,828 4.6 (0.41) 25,574 141,835 5.7 (0.59)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .................. 14,880 61,839 4.2 (0.44) 29,790 200,972 6.9 (0.70)

High school diploma or GED8 .................... 35,454 169,830 4.9 (0.39) 55,363 304,039 5.6 (0.46)

Some college .............................. 37,506 202,449 5.5 (0.43) 50,281 275,987 5.6 (0.51)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 46,342 139,549 3.0 (0.23) 56,971 139,849 2.5 (0.21)

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................... 38,361 196,835 5.2 (0.41) 69,738 514,718 7.6 (0.48)

$35,000 or more ............................ 105,142 369,950 3.6 (0.17) 130,163 395,209 3.1 (0.22)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 22,053 107,423 5.0 (0.49) 30,247 123,308 4.2 (0.48)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 30,475 97,542 3.2 (0.24) 37,717 117,169 3.1 (0.39)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 20,035 79,947 4.0 (0.47) 24,193 66,278 2.8 (0.51)

$100,000 or more .......................... 32,579 85,038 2.6 (0.22) 38,006 88,455 2.4 (0.35)

Poverty status10

Poor.................................... 12,462 62,869 5.1 (0.70) 23,083 208,492 9.3 (0.80)

Near poor ................................ 18,952 91,604 4.9 (0.54) 31,110 198,502 6.5 (0.71)

Not poor ................................. 110,879 408,478 3.7 (0.17) 139,879 464,239 3.4 (0.22)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 111,494 452,370 4.1 (0.20) 127,870 339,032 2.7 (0.18)

Medicaid................................ 6,688 40,657 6.2 (0.93) 14,440 178,476 12.8 (1.28)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,238 10,765 3.4 (0.71) 6,933 121,763 18.0 (2.88)

Uninsured ............................... 29,294 95,016 3.3 (0.27) 36,974 137,511 3.8 (0.44)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 4,526 17,011 3.8 (0.85) 20,872 108,391 5.3 (0.74)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 59 † † 2,238 26,182 12.6 (3.21)

Medicare only ............................ 1,563 *8,365 *5.5 (1.91) 10,166 62,195 6.4 (1.12)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 *1,152 *2.5 (1.16) 2,612 *16,350 *6.4 (2.04)

Uninsured ............................... 58 † † 223 † *0.6 (0.27)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 52 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 17. Frequencies of work-loss days experienced in the past 12 months by employed persons 18 years of age and over, numbers (with

standard errors) of work-loss days per employed person, frequencies of bed days experienced in the past 12 months by all persons 18

years of age and over, and numbers (with standard errors) of bed days per person, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Employed persons All persons

All employed Work-loss All persons

persons days in Work-loss 18 years Bed days Bed days

18 years of the past days per of age in the past per

Selected characteristic age and over 12 months1 person and over 12 months1 person

Number in Mean Number in Mean

Marital status thousands2 (standard error)2 thousands2 (standard error)2

Married .................................. 87,990 349,879 4.0 (0.24) 124,214 524,729 4.3 (0.29)

Widowed ................................. 2,979 18,353 6.2 (1.45) 14,080 105,827 7.7 (0.93)

Divorced or separated......................... 17,926 105,226 6.0 (0.50) 24,008 161,512 6.9 (0.63)

Never married.............................. 36,154 101,863 2.9 (0.18) 45,472 150,699 3.4 (0.36)

Living with a partner .......................... 12,372 51,501 4.2 (0.46) 14,619 45,886 3.2 (0.40)

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................... 81,225 307,136 3.8 (0.23) 111,359 425,188 3.9 (0.23)

Small MSA................................ 52,409 211,282 4.1 (0.25) 73,818 349,178 4.8 (0.42)

Not in MSA ............................... 24,278 109,221 4.6 (0.46) 38,004 217,596 5.9 (0.61)

Region

Northeast ................................ 27,251 124,892 4.6 (0.51) 38,209 158,883 4.2 (0.46)

Midwest ................................. 39,351 155,035 4.0 (0.29) 53,802 217,268 4.1 (0.39)

South ................................... 56,597 225,849 4.1 (0.26) 81,850 419,042 5.2 (0.37)

West ................................... 34,714 121,863 3.6 (0.26) 49,320 196,769 4.1 (0.45)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 13,399 40,697 3.1 (0.46) 15,375 35,488 2.3 (0.56)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 8,427 31,677 3.8 (0.54) 14,482 70,905 5.0 (0.76)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 56,976 225,642 4.0 (0.29) 73,878 268,850 3.7 (0.34)

White, single race, female ..................... 50,956 212,003 4.2 (0.27) 79,480 429,529 5.5 (0.40)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 8,641 31,751 3.7 (0.44) 11,482 45,111 4.0 (0.77)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 9,288 49,077 5.4 (0.67) 14,092 96,723 7.1 (0.73)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1Respondents who had worked during the past year were asked, ‘‘During the past 12 months, about how many days did you miss work at a job or business because of illness or injury (do not include
 

maternity leave)?’’ In addition, all respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past 12 months, about how many days did illness or injury keep you in the bed more than half of the day (include days while an
 

overnight patient in a hospital)?’’
 

2Unknowns for the columns ‘‘Work-loss days in the past 12 months’’ and ‘‘Bed days in the past 12 months’’ are not included in the denominators when calculating rates in columns ‘‘Days per person’’
 

(see Appendix I). They are, however, included in the ‘‘All employed persons 18 years of age and over’’ and ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ columns. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
in physical functioning among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Physical activities that are very difficult or cannot be done at all1

All persons Climb up Grasp or

18 years Any Walk a 10 steps Stand Sit Stoop, Reach handle Lift or Push or

of age physical quarter without for for bend, over small carry 10 pull large

and over difficulty2 of a mile resting 2 hours 2 hours or kneel head objects pounds objects

Number in thousands3

......... 223,181 32,977 16,183 12,148 19,368 7,220 19,943 5,543 3,667 8,927 14,068

......... 107,750 12,360 6,094 4,293 7,229 2,808 7,562 2,168 1,403 2,585 4,546

......... 115,431 20,618 10,089 7,855 12,138 4,412 12,380 3,375 2,264 6,342 9,522

......... 110,890 5,852 2,000 1,469 2,905 1,589 3,254 827 482 1,237 2,333......... 76,136 13,658 6,270 4,897 7,971 3,736 8,705 2,517 1,639 3,682 5,798......... 19,258 5,675 3,142 2,128 3,522 912 3,445 861 608 1,574 2,465

......... 16,897 7,792 4,772 3,654 4,970 983 4,538 1,338 938 2,434 3,471

......... 220,175 32,398 15,895 11,944 18,989 7,040 19,563 5,462 3,587 8,724 13,792

......... 180,815 26,908 13,019 9,471 15,514 5,823 16,269 4,436 2,964 6,817 11,193

. . . . . . . . . 26,366 4,215 2,242 1,924 2,722 1,020 2,582 774 473 1,450 2,061

......... 2,222 429 *222 *163 *187 † 280 *76 † *74 *117

......... 10,437 776 368 321 522 176 410 176 122 339 377

......... 335 † † † † † † – – † †

......... 3,006 580 288 204 379 180 379 82 *81 203 276

......... 378 *46 † † *30 † † † – † †

......... 1,578 414 *202 *135 268 *118 283 *60 *78 130 189

ce

......... 29,857 2,900 1,356 1,147 1,668 815 1,739 650 397 1,019 1,441

......... 18,309 1,522 715 569 899 448 973 386 189 493 767

......... 193,324 30,077 14,827 11,001 17,699 6,406 18,203 4,893 3,271 7,908 12,627

......... 153,359 24,290 11,760 8,446 13,999 5,057 14,706 3,852 2,620 5,876 9,851

......... 25,574 4,132 2,206 1,867 2,678 1,002 2,537 755 459 1,405 2,027

......... 29,790 8,639 4,901 3,968 5,385 2,099 5,064 1,872 1,165 2,852 4,264

......... 55,363 10,613 5,574 3,958 6,244 2,344 6,713 1,609 1,124 2,776 4,575

......... 50,281 8,139 3,649 2,730 4,801 1,967 5,049 1,362 857 2,014 3,269

......... 56,971 4,483 1,645 1,154 2,483 623 2,455 462 366 1,071 1,587

......... 69,738 17,363 9,371 7,294 10,768 4,190 10,517 3,283 2,238 5,418 8,040

......... 130,163 12,586 5,258 3,585 6,840 2,463 7,591 1,827 1,128 2,610 4,748

......... 30,247 4,381 2,155 1,495 2,535 799 2,558 651 435 949 1,758......... 37,717 3,919 1,625 1,182 2,129 950 2,356 672 319 841 1,466......... 24,193 2,140 929 547 1,138 *391 1,300 202 184 *371 818

......... 38,006 2,147 550 361 1,037 323 1,377 302 *190 449 706

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 53
in physical functioning among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Physical activities that are very difficult or cannot be done at all1

All persons Climb up Grasp or

18 years Any Walk a 10 steps Stand Sit Stoop, Reach handle Lift or Push or

of age physical quarter without for for bend, over small carry 10 pull large

and over difficulty2 of a mile resting 2 hours 2 hours or kneel head objects pounds objects

Number in thousands3

......... 23,083 5,658 3,131 2,523 3,591 1,637 3,468 1,209 769 2,000 2,959

......... 31,110 6,987 3,632 2,793 4,180 1,818 4,250 1,102 839 1,843 2,994

......... 139,879 14,995 6,593 4,457 8,364 2,788 9,079 2,354 1,519 3,408 5,703

......... 127,870 9,448 3,262 2,380 4,668 2,156 5,804 1,386 871 1,941 3,162

......... 14,440 4,291 2,232 1,840 2,803 1,382 2,526 991 537 1,532 2,464

......... 6,933 2,273 1,283 894 1,581 622 1,489 494 250 659 1,156

......... 36,974 3,455 1,466 1,215 1,798 1,139 2,109 447 463 760 1,324

......... 20,872 7,171 4,011 2,514 4,353 920 4,063 940 687 1,755 2,880

......... 2,238 1,370 869 783 988 257 950 331 227 636 806

......... 10,166 3,817 2,313 1,881 2,391 561 2,219 750 470 1,342 1,773

......... 2,612 993 638 532 679 122 672 148 *146 255 450

......... 223 *83 *66 *55 *59 † *64 † † † †

......... 124,214 16,836 7,958 5,741 9,844 3,751 10,206 2,778 1,838 4,272 6,917

......... 14,080 5,951 3,600 2,901 3,827 835 3,608 1,155 767 2,103 2,890

......... 24,008 5,348 2,493 1,963 3,176 1,370 3,201 850 577 1,432 2,374

......... 45,472 3,103 1,369 998 1,565 715 1,887 500 374 767 1,232

......... 14,619 1,610 698 499 880 518 938 239 *89 315 571

......... 111,359 13,660 6,383 5,208 8,060 2,844 7,927 2,105 1,547 3,786 5,710

......... 73,818 11,536 5,439 3,941 6,573 2,541 7,224 1,999 1,164 3,010 4,976

......... 38,004 7,781 4,361 3,000 4,735 1,835 4,792 1,439 956 2,131 3,382

......... 38,209 5,295 2,484 1,813 2,976 1,063 2,872 732 513 1,457 2,075

......... 53,802 8,102 3,850 2,725 4,595 1,708 4,961 1,217 822 2,037 3,239

......... 81,850 12,765 6,691 5,212 7,615 3,067 8,035 2,307 1,479 3,556 5,657

......... 49,320 6,816 3,158 2,398 4,183 1,383 4,074 1,287 853 1,878 3,097

......... 15,375 1,020 535 441 626 311 715 191 134 287 446

......... 14,482 1,880 821 706 1,042 504 1,024 460 262 732 994

......... 73,878 9,299 4,428 3,050 5,309 2,036 5,623 1,538 1,011 1,652 3,265

......... 79,480 14,992 7,332 5,396 8,689 3,020 9,083 2,313 1,609 4,224 6,587

ale ....... 11,482 1,360 713 543 866 352 811 304 189 423 563

male ...... 14,092 2,771 1,493 1,324 1,813 650 1,726 451 270 982 1,464

Page 54[ Series 10, No. 240 

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
re asked the degree of difficulty they experienced performing nine physical activities by themselves, and without using any special equipment. The activities included walking a quarter of a mile (or three city
 

eling; climbing 10 steps without resting; sitting for 2 hours; reaching over one’s head; using one’s fingers to grasp or handle small objects; lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of
 

uch as a living room chair). The response categories consisted of ‘‘Not at all difficult,’’ ‘‘Only a little difficult,’’ ‘‘Somewhat difficult,’’ ‘‘Very difficult,’’ ‘‘Can’t do at all,’’ or ‘‘Do not do this activity.’’ For this table,
 

at all’’ are combined and shown in the columns.
 

t’’ or ‘‘Can’t do at all’’ response to at least one of the nine physical activities shown in columns 4–12.
 

hysical functioning, ‘‘Only a little’’ or ‘‘Some’’ difficulty, who ‘‘Do not do this activity,’’ or for whom the information is unknown (see Appendix I), are not shown separately, but are included in the ‘‘All persons
 

s table are rounded.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 55
(with standard errors) of difficulties in physical functioning among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

Physical activities that are very difficult or cannot be done at all1

Any

physical

difficulty2

Walk a

quarter

of a mile

Climb up

10 steps

without

resting

Stand for

2 hours

Sit for

2 hours

Stoop,

bend,

or kneel

Reach

over

head

Grasp or

handle

small

objects

Lift or

carry 10

pounds

Push or

pull large

objects

Percent3 (standard error)

. . . . . . . . .

.........

14.5 (0.28)

14.8 (0.30)

7.2 (0.19)

7.3 (0.20)

5.4 (0.17)

5.4 (0.18)

8.5 (0.20)

8.7 (0.22)

3.1 (0.14)

3.2 (0.15)

8.8 (0.23)

8.9 (0.24)

2.4 (0.11)

2.5 (0.12)

1.6 (0.09)

1.6 (0.09)

3.9 (0.14)

4.0 (0.14)

6.2 (0.18)

6.3 (0.19)

. . . . . . . . .

.........

11.9 (0.38)

16.9 (0.38)

6.0 (0.27)

8.2 (0.26)

4.2 (0.23)

6.4 (0.25)

7.0 (0.30)

9.9 (0.30)

2.6 (0.21)

3.6 (0.20)

7.2 (0.32)

10.1 (0.31)

2.0 (0.17)

2.7 (0.15)

1.3 (0.12)

1.8 (0.13)

2.5 (0.17)

5.2 (0.21)

4.4 (0.23)

7.8 (0.26)

...........................

.........

5.3 (0.29)

17.9 (0.57)

29.5 (1.11)

46.1 (1.34)

1.8 (0.15)

8.2 (0.37)

16.3 (0.87)

28.2 (1.12)

1.3 (0.13)

6.4 (0.33)

11.0 (0.72)

21.6 (1.07)

2.6 (0.18)

10.5 (0.41)

18.3 (0.92)

29.4 (1.17)

1.4 (0.17)

4.9 (0.30)

4.7 (0.51)

5.8 (0.60)

2.9 (0.23)

11.4 (0.48)

17.9 (0.96)

26.9 (1.21)

0.7 (0.10)

3.3 (0.24)

4.5 (0.50)

7.9 (0.59)

0.4 (0.08)

2.2 (0.18)

3.2 (0.45)

5.5 (0.56)

1.1 (0.12)

4.8 (0.29)

8.2 (0.64)

14.4 (0.83)

2.1 (0.17)

7.6 (0.38)

12.8 (0.75)

20.5 (0.94)

.........

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

.........

. . . . . . . . .

.........

.........

.........

.........

14.4 (0.28)

14.2 (0.32)

17.8 (0.67)

23.2 (2.58)

9.2 (1.10)

*15.1 (6.48)

22.9 (2.54)

18.8 (4.99)

26.3 (3.39)

7.1 (0.19)

6.9 (0.20)

9.8 (0.53)

12.8 (2.98)

4.7 (0.66)

†

12.1 (2.37)

*8.7 (3.01)

13.9 (3.08)

5.3 (0.17)

5.0 (0.19)

8.4 (0.48)

10.4 (2.11)

4.1 (0.63)

*14.3 (6.65)

9.0 (2.07)

*11.4 (4.03)

10.1 (2.75)

8.5 (0.21)

8.2 (0.22)

11.6 (0.59)

9.1 (2.32)

6.1 (0.92)

†

15.4 (2.47)

13.6 (3.33)

17.6 (3.39)

3.1 (0.14)

3.1 (0.16)

4.1 (0.39)

†

2.2 (0.50)

†

7.0 (2.04)

†

*7.8 (2.79)

8.7 (0.23)

8.6 (0.26)

10.8 (0.54)

16.3 (2.71)

4.9 (0.82)

†

15.7 (2.40)

11.9 (2.87)

18.6 (3.23)

2.4 (0.11)

2.3 (0.13)

3.4 (0.36)

6.1 (1.53)

2.2 (0.48)

–

3.9 (1.04)

8.1 (0.00)

*4.2 (1.38)

1.6 (0.09)

1.6 (0.10)

2.0 (0.25)

*2.1 (0.72)

1.5 (0.39)

–

*3.1 (1.16)

–

*4.7 (1.90)

3.9 (0.14)

3.6 (0.14)

6.4 (0.47)

5.6 (1.27)

4.5 (0.67)

†

9.1 (1.80)

†

10.4 (2.20)

6.2 (0.18)

5.9 (0.19)

8.8 (0.58)

7.3 (1.40)

4.8 (0.67)

†

11.2 (2.10)

†

13.2 (2.79)

ce

.........

.........

.........

.........

.........

13.3 (0.69)

12.6 (0.85)

14.7 (0.31)

14.5 (0.35)

17.9 (0.69)

6.7 (0.51)

6.5 (0.69)

7.2 (0.21)

6.9 (0.22)

9.9 (0.55)

5.6 (0.48)

5.3 (0.62)

5.3 (0.18)

4.9 (0.20)

8.4 (0.49)

7.9 (0.56)

8.2 (0.74)

8.6 (0.22)

8.2 (0.24)

11.7 (0.60)

3.4 (0.39)

3.5 (0.57)

3.1 (0.16)

3.0 (0.19)

4.2 (0.40)

7.8 (0.56)

8.0 (0.75)

8.9 (0.25)

8.7 (0.28)

10.9 (0.55)

3.1 (0.37)

3.5 (0.57)

2.4 (0.12)

2.3 (0.14)

3.4 (0.36)

1.9 (0.29)

1.9 (0.39)

1.6 (0.09)

1.5 (0.10)

2.0 (0.25)

4.8 (0.44)

4.4 (0.60)

3.8 (0.14)

3.4 (0.15)

6.3 (0.49)

7.0 (0.54)

7.1 (0.74)

6.2 (0.20)

5.8 (0.21)

8.8 (0.59)

.........

.........

.........

.........

25.1 (0.86)

17.7 (0.60)

17.1 (0.65)

9.1 (0.46)

13.8 (0.62)

9.1 (0.45)

7.9 (0.43)

3.7 (0.30)

11.2 (0.60)

6.5 (0.39)

5.8 (0.38)

2.5 (0.25)

15.6 (0.68)

10.3 (0.47)

10.1 (0.49)

5.2 (0.35)

6.7 (0.56)

3.9 (0.31)

3.8 (0.37)

1.2 (0.17)

14.7 (0.65)

11.1 (0.52)

10.6 (0.54)

4.8 (0.37)

5.6 (0.44)

2.7 (0.23)

2.9 (0.26)

1.1 (0.17)

3.4 (0.33)

1.9 (0.20)

1.8 (0.23)

0.7 (0.12)

8.3 (0.48)

4.6 (0.31)

4.2 (0.30)

2.2 (0.24)

12.5 (0.63)

7.6 (0.40)

6.9 (0.41)

3.4 (0.28)

.........

.........

...........................

.........

23.4 (0.53)

10.7 (0.38)

14.6 (0.74)

11.7 (0.73)

10.2 (0.86)

6.8 (0.62)

12.4 (0.41)

4.8 (0.26)

7.2 (0.55)

5.3 (0.48)

4.8 (0.69)

2.5 (0.41)

9.6 (0.39)

3.2 (0.21)

5.0 (0.47)

3.7 (0.43)

2.4 (0.48)

1.6 (0.35)

14.5 (0.44)

6.0 (0.28)

8.4 (0.59)

6.7 (0.52)

5.7 (0.69)

3.3 (0.46)

6.1 (0.31)

1.9 (0.18)

2.6 (0.35)

2.6 (0.45)

1.6 (0.42)

0.9 (0.20)

14.1 (0.46)

6.3 (0.31)

8.5 (0.60)

6.8 (0.59)

5.9 (0.70)

4.2 (0.54)

4.5 (0.24)

1.6 (0.15)

2.2 (0.29)

2.0 (0.31)

0.9 (0.25)

1.0 (0.23)

3.1 (0.21)

0.9 (0.11)

1.4 (0.24)

0.9 (0.22)

*0.8 (0.26)

*0.6 (0.18)

7.3 (0.30)

2.3 (0.17)

3.2 (0.34)

2.5 (0.34)

1.6 (0.41)

1.8 (0.34)

11.0 (0.39)

4.2 (0.23)

5.9 (0.50)

4.5 (0.42)

3.6 (0.61)

2.5 (0.37)

Page 56[ Series 10, No. 240
(with standard errors) of difficulties in physical functioning among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

Physical activities that are very difficult or cannot be done at all1

Climb up Grasp or

Any Walk a 10 steps Stoop, Reach handle Lift or Push or

physical quarter without Stand for Sit for bend, over small carry 10 pull large

difficulty2 of a mile resting 2 hours 2 hours or kneel head objects pounds objects

Percent3 (standard error)

......... 28.9 (1.01) 16.5 (0.85) 13.3 (0.80) 18.6 (0.86) 8.3 (0.64) 18.0 (0.84) 6.3 (0.51) 4.0 (0.44) 10.5 (0.69) 15.5 (0.84)

......... 23.1 (0.90) 12.0 (0.68) 9.2 (0.61) 13.9 (0.73) 6.2 (0.61) 14.1 (0.78) 3.7 (0.35) 2.8 (0.30) 6.0 (0.45) 9.8 (0.60)

......... 11.0 (0.33) 5.1 (0.22) 3.4 (0.17) 6.2 (0.24) 1.9 (0.15) 6.6 (0.26) 1.8 (0.13) 1.1 (0.11) 2.6 (0.15) 4.3 (0.20)

......... 6.6 (0.27) 2.2 (0.15) 1.6 (0.13) 3.2 (0.18) 1.5 (0.13) 4.0 (0.23) 1.0 (0.10) 0.6 (0.08) 1.3 (0.12) 2.2 (0.15)

......... 30.9 (1.47) 16.3 (1.07) 13.5 (1.00) 20.4 (1.06) 10.0 (1.07) 18.3 (1.32) 7.2 (0.73) 3.9 (0.59) 11.2 (0.91) 17.8 (1.15)

......... 24.7 (1.80) 14.5 (1.44) 9.5 (1.15) 16.9 (1.50) 6.1 (0.83) 16.2 (1.52) 4.6 (0.77) 2.3 (0.46) 6.6 (0.87) 11.8 (1.20)

......... 10.3 (0.59) 4.6 (0.40) 3.7 (0.35) 5.4 (0.44) 3.3 (0.34) 6.3 (0.49) 1.4 (0.23) 1.5 (0.23) 2.3 (0.27) 4.1 (0.40)

......... 34.5 (1.09) 19.3 (0.87) 12.1 (0.73) 21.0 (0.93) 4.4 (0.50) 19.6 (0.93) 4.5 (0.43) 3.3 (0.42) 8.5 (0.60) 13.9 (0.71)

......... 61.2 (3.05) 38.9 (2.96) 35.0 (2.97) 44.2 (3.07) 11.5 (1.83) 42.5 (3.01) 14.8 (2.10) 10.1 (1.90) 28.4 (2.62) 36.0 (2.85)

......... 37.5 (1.59) 22.7 (1.37) 18.5 (1.23) 23.5 (1.36) 5.5 (0.75) 21.8 (1.34) 7.4 (0.84) 4.6 (0.71) 13.2 (1.09) 17.4 (1.19)

......... 38.5 (3.30) 24.9 (2.99) 20.8 (2.78) 26.5 (3.07) 4.7 (1.34) 26.0 (3.06) 5.8 (1.52) 5.8 (1.72) 9.9 (1.95) 17.4 (2.57)

......... 21.3 (5.79) *16.9 (5.93) *14.2 (5.67) *15.1 (5.72) † *16.5 (5.69) † † † †

......... 12.8 (0.38) 6.1 (0.26) 4.5 (0.23) 7.5 (0.28) 2.8 (0.19) 7.6 (0.30) 2.1 (0.15) 1.4 (0.11) 3.2 (0.18) 5.2 (0.24) 
 

......... 24.6 (3.59) 15.6 (3.45) 12.8 (2.89) 17.3 (3.48) *5.5 (2.15) 17.6 (3.53) *5.7 (2.16) 2.4 (0.42) 6.0 (0.58) 11.2 (2.39)
 

......... 20.4 (0.81) 9.8 (0.59) 7.3 (0.53) 12.3 (0.68) 4.8 (0.42) 12.1 (0.66) 3.0 (0.31) 2.3 (0.31) 5.7 (0.48) 9.0 (0.61) 
 

......... 13.9 (0.86) 8.2 (0.74) 5.3 (0.60) 7.8 (0.71) 2.7 (0.39) 8.7 (0.76) 2.1 (0.37) 1.7 (0.32) 4.0 (0.54) 5.8 (0.61) 
 

......... 18.1 (1.78) 10.3 (1.65) 7.0 (1.33) 11.9 (1.69) 5.1 (1.05) 11.2 (1.65) 3.5 (1.03) *1.3 (0.63) 5.0 (1.26) 7.3 (1.36)
 

......... 12.7 (0.40) 6.1 (0.26) 4.9 (0.25) 7.5 (0.29) 2.6 (0.18) 7.3 (0.32) 2.0 (0.16) 1.4 (0.13) 3.6 (0.19) 5.3 (0.25)
 

......... 15.5 (0.53) 7.3 (0.35) 5.3 (0.26) 8.8 (0.38) 3.4 (0.29) 9.7 (0.43) 2.7 (0.22) 1.6 (0.14) 4.0 (0.27) 6.7 (0.35) 
 

......... 18.1 (0.69) 10.0 (0.48) 6.7 (0.44) 10.8 (0.51) 4.4 (0.38) 11.2 (0.56) 3.3 (0.30) 2.2 (0.21) 4.9 (0.31) 7.9 (0.50)
 

......... 13.1 (0.62) 6.1 (0.43) 4.4 (0.36) 7.3 (0.46) 2.6 (0.28) 7.1 (0.43) 1.8 (0.22) 1.2 (0.18) 3.6 (0.33) 5.1 (0.41) 
 

......... 14.6 (0.61) 7.0 (0.38) 4.9 (0.37) 8.3 (0.41) 3.0 (0.35) 9.0 (0.52) 2.2 (0.24) 1.5 (0.16) 3.6 (0.27) 5.8 (0.38) 
 

......... 15.6 (0.48) 8.2 (0.35) 6.4 (0.31) 9.3 (0.35) 3.7 (0.24) 9.8 (0.40) 2.8 (0.20) 1.8 (0.15) 4.4 (0.24) 6.9 (0.32) 
 

. . . . . . . . . 13.9 (0.57) 6.5 (0.37) 4.9 (0.32) 8.5 (0.44) 2.7 (0.26) 8.2 (0.44) 2.6 (0.24) 1.8 (0.20) 3.9 (0.26) 6.4 (0.36)
 

......... 9.8 (0.97) 5.3 (0.71) 4.4 (0.66) 6.3 (0.83) 2.8 (0.54) 6.7 (0.81) 1.7 (0.38) 1.3 (0.32) 3.0 (0.50) 4.6 (0.64)

......... 16.3 (0.96) 7.8 (0.71) 6.6 (0.66) 9.4 (0.76) 4.1 (0.54) 8.9 (0.76) 4.3 (0.59) 2.4 (0.45) 6.5 (0.66) 9.0 (0.81)

......... 12.0 (0.47) 5.8 (0.30) 4.0 (0.26) 6.9 (0.34) 2.6 (0.29) 7.3 (0.40) 2.0 (0.20) 1.3 (0.14) 2.1 (0.18) 4.2 (0.27)

......... 16.6 (0.47) 7.9 (0.32) 5.8 (0.31) 9.5 (0.36) 3.4 (0.24) 10.0 (0.39) 2.5 (0.18) 1.8 (0.16) 4.6 (0.24) 7.3 (0.31)

ale ....... 13.7 (1.03) 7.3 (0.82) 5.6 (0.75) 8.9 (0.87) 3.4 (0.54) 7.6 (0.78) 2.9 (0.53) 1.8 (0.38) 4.2 (0.64) 5.2 (0.71)

male ...... 20.9 (0.96) 11.5 (0.71) 10.2 (0.65) 13.8 (0.82) 4.8 (0.54) 13.0 (0.72) 3.6 (0.44) 2.1 (0.33) 7.6 (0.61) 11.2 (0.84)

r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 57
re asked the degree of difficulty they experienced performing nine physical activities by themselves, and without using any special equipment. The activities included walking a quarter of a mile (or three city

eling; climbing 10 steps without resting; sitting for 2 hours; reaching over one’s head; using one’s fingers to grasp or handle small objects; lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of

uch as a living room chair). The response categories consisted of ‘‘Not at all difficult,’’ ‘‘Only a little difficult,’’ ‘‘Somewhat difficult,’’ ‘‘Very difficult,’’ ‘‘Can’t do at all,’’ or ‘‘Do not do this activity.’’ For this table,
 

at all’’ are combined and shown in the columns.
 

t’’ or ‘‘Can’t do at all’’ response to at least one of the nine physical activities shown in columns 3–11.
 

well as those for whom the information is unknown are not included in the denominator when calculating percentages. Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over.
 

chool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two age groups for persons under
 

e groups for persons aged 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Page 58[ Series 10, No. 240
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 59

Table 20. Frequency distributions of respondent-assessed health status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

Current health status among

persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or

very good Good

Fair or

poor

Number in thousands2

Total3 ........................................ 223,181 135,313 58,072 29,670

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

107,750

115,431

66,323

68,990

28,180

29,892

13,177

16,493

Age

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

78,992

41,931

8,342

6,048

24,526

21,424

6,206

5,917

7,307

12,745

4,699

4,918

Race

1 race4 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races5 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

133,712

111,952

14,207

1,019

6,387

*146

1,601

242

732

57,231

45,930

7,339

805

3,020

*136

841

*80

484

29,106

22,843

4,786

397

1,026

†

564

*57

362

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

17,010

10,262

118,303

96,236

13,706

8,804

5,727

49,268

37,904

7,164

4,030

2,317

25,641

19,142

4,672

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED8 .........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

10,624

28,330

30,369

42,846

9,996

17,513

13,344

10,936

9,160

9,501

6,557

3,161

Family income9

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

31,786

88,698

17,617

24,795

16,919

29,367

21,483

30,854

8,746

9,319

5,589

7,201

16,418

10,568

3,875

3,594

1,673

1,426

Poverty status10

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

23,083

31,110

139,879

10,473

14,663

94,493

6,748

9,599

33,367

5,847

6,833

11,967

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

90,985

5,584

2,904

20,998

9,259

360

3,772

904

90

28,382

4,274

1,757

11,262

6,982

710

3,416

982

*21

8,454

4,578

2,267

4,682

4,616

1,168

2,969

726

*112

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 60 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 20. Frequency distributions of respondent-assessed health status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Current health status among

All persons persons 18 years of age and over1

18 years

of age Excellent or Fair or

Selected characteristic and over very good Good poor

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married....................................... 124,214 76,675 32,238 15,245

Widowed...................................... 14,080 5,387 4,602 4,076

Divorced or separated ............................. 24,008 12,253 6,892 4,853

Never married .................................. 45,472 31,609 10,116 3,732

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,619 8,959 3,999 1,636

Place of residence12

Large MSA .................................... 111,359 70,652 27,727 12,871

Small MSA .................................... 73,818 44,623 19,137 10,041

Not in MSA .................................... 38,004 20,038 11,208 6,758

Region

Northeast ..................................... 38,209 24,118 9,708 4,359

Midwest ...................................... 53,802 33,298 13,692 6,802

South........................................ 81,850 48,140 21,227 12,457

West ........................................ 49,320 29,757 13,445 6,052

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 15,375 9,227 4,453 1,692

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 14,482 7,783 4,350 2,338

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 73,878 46,745 18,220 8,879

White, single race, female.......................... 79,480 49,491 19,685 10,263

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 11,482 6,357 3,318 1,774

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 14,092 7,349 3,846 2,898

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘Would you say [subject name’s] health in general was excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?’’ This information
 

was obtained during a part of the interview that allowed proxy responses, such that a knowledgeable adult family member could respond on behalf of adults not taking part in the interview (however,
 

the sample in this table is based on the reported health status (possibly by proxy) for the Sample Adult only). ‘‘Excellent’’ and ‘‘Very good’’ are combined in this table, as are ‘‘Fair’’ and ‘‘Poor.’’
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequency distributions (see Appendix I). They are, however, included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. Numbers may not add
 

to totals because of rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 61

Table 21.

and over,

Age-adjusted percent distributions

by selected characteristics: United

(with standard

States, 2007

errors) of respondent-assessed health status among persons 18 years of age

Selected characteristic Total

Current health status among persons 18 years of age 1 and over

Excellent or

very good Good

Fair or

poor

Total3 (age adjusted) ..............................

Total3 (crude) ...................................

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

Age4

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

Race
 

5 1 race .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................ 6 2 or more races .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race
 

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

Education8

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED9 .........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

Family income10

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

Poverty status11

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

12 Health insurance coverage

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

See footnotes at end of table.

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent

61.1 (0.44)

60.7 (0.46)

61.4 (0.63)

60.7 (0.54)

71.3 (0.58)

55.1 (0.75)

43.3 (1.29)

35.8 (1.21)

61.2 (0.44)

62.7 (0.48)

52.5 (0.99)

42.9 (3.85)

59.2 (1.62)

46.9 (10.15)

49.7 (3.11)

52.8 (6.31)

46.0 (4.51)

52.9 (0.96)

50.9 (1.22)

62.3 (0.48)

64.4 (0.54)

52.3 (1.02)

38.2 (1.04)

52.5 (0.87)

59.9 (0.80)

73.9 (0.72)

46.5 (0.72)

67.4 (0.55)

58.3 (1.04)

64.9 (1.04)

69.1 (1.24)

75.9 (0.99)

41.4 (1.26)

46.0 (1.03)

67.7 (0.50)

72.5 (0.50)

37.7 (1.54)

48.4 (2.63)

55.3 (1.02)

44.3 (1.22)

16.1 (2.30)

37.1 (1.57)

34.3 (3.22)

40.5 (11.41)

distribution2 (standard error)

25.9 (0.37)

26.0 (0.37)

26.2 (0.53)

25.6 (0.47)

22.1 (0.53)

28.2 (0.62)

32.2 (1.11)

35.0 (1.22)

25.8 (0.37)

25.1 (0.41)

28.3 (0.91)

35.6 (3.60)

29.8 (1.51)

41.0 (10.75)

28.1 (2.71)

23.4 (6.45)

30.3 (4.24)

29.8 (0.89)

31.1 (1.12)

25.0 (0.40)

24.0 (0.45)

28.4 (0.93)

33.7 (1.05)

31.2 (0.78)

26.9 (0.68)

19.9 (0.66)

30.5 (0.65)

24.0 (0.48)

28.9 (0.98)

24.8 (0.90)

23.6 (1.12)

20.1 (0.96)

29.5 (1.17)

31.0 (0.97)

23.7 (0.45)

21.5 (0.45)

29.6 (1.44)

24.9 (2.02)

30.9 (0.95)

33.5 (1.05)

31.7 (3.00)

33.6 (1.51)

37.8 (3.20)

†

13.0 (0.27)

13.3 (0.28)

12.4 (0.40)

13.7 (0.36)

6.6 (0.31)
 

16.7 (0.53)
 

24.4 (1.04)
 

29.1 (1.21)
 

13.0 (0.27)
 

12.2 (0.30)
 

19.3 (0.69)
 

21.4 (2.53)
 

11.0 (1.13)
 

†
 

22.2 (2.25)
 

23.9 (5.40)
 

23.7 (2.96)
 

17.3 (0.72)
 

18.0 (0.98)
 

12.7 (0.30)
 

11.6 (0.34)
 

19.3 (0.72)
 

28.2 (0.95)
 

16.3 (0.61)
 

13.2 (0.61)
 

6.2 (0.38)
 

23.1 (0.55)
 

8.6 (0.32)
 

12.8 (0.71)
 

10.3 (0.69)
 

7.3 (0.75)
 

3.9 (0.44)
 

29.1 (0.97)
 

23.0 (0.91)
 

8.6 (0.29)
 

6.0 (0.25)

32.7 (1.51)

26.6 (2.38)

13.8 (0.67)

22.2 (1.04)

52.2 (3.21)

29.2 (1.51)

27.9 (3.08)

48.2 (12.02)
Page 62 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 21. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of respondent-assessed health status among persons 18 years of age

and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or Fair or

Selected characteristic Total very good Good poor

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married....................................... 100.0 63.2 (0.55) 25.2 (0.48) 11.6 (0.37)

Widowed...................................... 100.0 41.0 (4.86) 31.2 (4.47) 27.8 (4.09)

Divorced or separated ............................. 100.0 52.2 (1.01) 29.0 (0.95) 18.8 (0.78)

Never married .................................. 100.0 61.7 (1.07) 24.3 (0.88) 14.0 (0.87)

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 56.2 (1.98) 27.6 (1.76) 16.2 (1.66)

Place of residence13

Large MSA .................................... 100.0 63.2 (0.58) 25.0 (0.49) 11.7 (0.37)

Small MSA .................................... 100.0 60.7 (0.85) 25.8 (0.69) 13.5 (0.50)

Not in MSA .................................... 100.0 55.4 (1.13) 28.6 (0.91) 16.0 (0.64)

Region

Northeast ..................................... 100.0 64.0 (1.08) 24.9 (0.85) 11.1 (0.62)

Midwest ...................................... 100.0 62.4 (0.89) 25.3 (0.72) 12.3 (0.55)

South........................................ 100.0 59.1 (0.72) 25.8 (0.62) 15.1 (0.47)

West ........................................ 100.0 60.6 (0.93) 27.2 (0.83) 12.2 (0.52)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 100.0 55.7 (1.48) 29.0 (1.35) 15.3 (1.10)

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 100.0 50.2 (1.23) 30.5 (1.16) 19.3 (0.99)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 100.0 64.4 (0.75) 24.1 (0.62) 11.5 (0.49)

White, single race, female.......................... 100.0 64.4 (0.68) 23.9 (0.60) 11.7 (0.44)

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 100.0 53.8 (1.69) 29.4 (1.63) 16.8 (1.06)

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 100.0 51.2 (1.19) 27.6 (1.06) 21.2 (1.00)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘Would you say [subject name’s] health in general was excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?’’ This information
 

was obtained during a part of the interview that allowed proxy responses, such that a knowledgeable adult family member could respond on behalf of adults not taking part in the interview (however,
 

the sample in this table is based on the reported health status (possibly by proxy) for the Sample Adult only). ‘‘Excellent’’ and ‘‘Very good’’ are combined in this table, as are ‘‘Fair’’ and ‘‘Poor.’’
 

2Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over.

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XIII in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
f current health status relative to health status 1 year ago among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States,

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or very good Good Fair or poor

All persons

18 years Better About the Worse Better About the Worse Better About the Worse

of age than same as than than same as than than same as than

tic and over last year last year last year last year last year last year last year last year last year

Number in thousands2

................ 223,181 23,899 106,368 4,204 10,585 42,004 5,003 4,151 15,888 9,396

................ 107,750 11,364 52,404 2,098 4,941 20,853 2,113 1,976 7,518 3,603

................ 115,431 12,535 53,964 2,106 5,644 21,151 2,890 2,176 8,369 5,793

................ 110,890 14,735 61,282 2,495 4,759 17,581 2,045 1,137 3,920 2,224................ 76,136 7,216 33,214 1,220 4,135 15,238 1,870 1,896 6,508 4,261................ 19,258 1,164 6,939 175 956 4,609 584 622 2,620 1,394

................ 16,897 783 4,934 313 736 4,576 504 497 2,839 1,518

................ 220,175 23,532 105,189 4,149 10,404 41,445 4,915 4,088 15,613 9,170

................ 180,815 19,222 88,399 3,603 8,104 33,495 3,990 3,100 12,169 7,425

................ 26,366 2,954 10,847 333 1,489 5,179 585 766 2,742 1,222

................ 2,222 *256 714 *41 *242 491 *72 *89 137 171

................ 10,437 1,053 5,130 173 518 2,199 263 *128 560 308

................ 335 *47 *99 – † *80 † † † †

................ 3,006 366 1,180 *55 181 559 *88 *63 275 226

................ 378 *38 190 † † *71 – † *21 †

................ 1,578 *129 563 † *120 318 † † *191 *141

and race

................ 29,857 3,315 13,166 445 1,823 6,429 489 656 2,343 995

................ 18,309 2,020 7,996 208 1,298 4,191 210 394 1,384 513

................ 193,324 20,584 93,202 3,758 8,763 35,575 4,514 3,495 13,545 8,401

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,359 16,150 76,262 3,179 6,443 27,624 3,559 2,558 9,955 6,516

................ 25,574 2,845 10,454 333 1,479 5,021 578 737 2,684 1,194

................ 29,790 1,714 8,360 485 1,675 7,523 698 1,274 5,142 2,668

................ 55,363 4,634 22,719 806 2,896 12,987 1,487 1,257 4,911 3,268

................ 50,281 5,396 24,013 835 2,565 9,433 1,252 937 3,470 2,101

................ 56,971 7,802 33,378 1,394 2,190 7,570 1,079 444 1,642 1,044

................ 69,738 5,887 24,659 1,104 3,952 15,404 2,004 2,028 8,572 5,645

................ 130,163 15,758 69,772 2,692 5,773 22,442 2,450 1,720 5,728 3,089

................ 30,247 3,103 13,930 453 1,571 6,254 859 547 2,033 1,288................ 37,717 4,618 19,218 865 1,756 6,851 642 614 2,010 947................ 24,193 2,744 13,702 407 1,126 4,058 394 276 890 507

................ 38,006 5,292 22,923 967 1,320 5,280 555 284 795 347

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 63
f current health status relative to health status 1 year ago among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States,

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

tic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

Excellent or very good

Better

than

last year

About the

same as

last year

Worse

than

last year

Better

than

last year

Good

About the

same as

last year

Worse

than

last year

Better

than

last year

Fair or poor

About the

same as

last year

Worse

than

last year

Number in thousands2

................

................

................

23,083

31,110

139,879

2,059

2,697

16,761

8,073

11,326

74,296

284

596

2,897

1,448

1,745

6,253

4,590

6,902

24,179

698

903

2,718

684

909

1,921

2,897

3,626

6,444

2,171

2,290

3,538

age11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................

................

................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................

................

................

................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

16,524

1,261

535

3,563

1,252

69

463

154

†

71,302

4,058

2,272

16,507

7,665

248

3,146

728

*81

2,546

237

*84

848

313

†

*125

†

–

5,691

900

303

2,000

1,003

*98

421

169

–

20,152

2,812

1,237

8,356

5,271

495

2,679

709

*21

2,340

503

193

880

604

108

282

*94

–

1,478

601

315

634

593

126

313

*84

†

4,392

2,237

1,297

2,465

2,544

700

1,781

367

*40

2,559

1,702

639

1,559

1,438

327

822

261

*65

................

................

................

................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,214

14,080

24,008

45,472

14,619

12,833

770

2,374

5,964

1,923

60,976

4,352

9,404

24,619

6,664

2,427

255

420

747

341

5,784

687

1,317

2,032

747

23,687

3,472

4,703

7,151

2,832

2,598

394

793

813

400

2,256

502

580

607

186

8,063

2,248

2,436

2,185

886

4,862

1,261

1,793

882

565

2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111,359

73,818

38,004

13,031

7,604

3,264

54,766

35,476

16,126

2,384

1,281

538

5,033

3,655

1,897

19,949

13,780

8,275

2,404

1,614

985

2,027

1,340

785

6,663

5,712

3,513

4,052

2,921

2,423

................

................

................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38,20953,802

81,850

49,320

4,0885,588

8,141

6,082

19,071

26,633

38,140

22,525

787

934

1,469

1,014

1,7212,321

3,890

2,652

7,103

10,125

15,346

9,430

810

1,163

1,782

1,247

770

824

1,598

960

2,377

3,623

6,681

3,207

1,171

2,302

4,081

1,842

................

................

................

................

ale ..............

male .............

15,37514,48273,87879,480

11,482

14,092

1,4801,8357,719

8,431

1,349

1,495

7,474

5,692

37,110

39,152

4,819

5,635

227

218

1,5781,601

135

198

771

1,051

2,9213,523

795

684

3,5292,900

13,56214,063

2,305

2,716

*143

346

1,5671,992

168

410

282374

1,256

1,303

331

406

1,111

1,231

4,9774,978

1,015

1,669

269727

2,628

3,887

414

780

Page 64[ Series 10, No. 240

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.
r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

at asked respondents, ‘‘Would you say [subject name’s] health in general is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?’’ Proxy responses were allowed for adults not taking part in this portion of the interview
 

reported health status (possibly by proxy) for the Sample Adult only). ‘‘Excellent’’ and ‘‘Very good’’ are combined in this table, as are ‘‘Fair’’ and ‘‘Poor.’’ All sample adult respondents were also asked,
 

ur health is better, worse, or about the same?’’
 

frequency distributions (see Appendix I). They are, however, included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. Numbers may not add to totals because of rounding.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 65
ributions (with standard errors) of current health status relative to health status 1 year ago among persons 18 years of age and over, by

tes, 2007

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or very good Good Fair or poor

Better

than

last year

About the

same aslast year

Worse

than

last year

Better

than

last year

About the

same aslast year

Worse

than

last year

Better

than

last year

About the

same aslast year

Worse

than

last year

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

17.4 (0.41)

17.8 (0.41)

79.4 (0.44)

79.1 (0.44)

3.2 (0.18)

3.1 (0.18)

18.6 (0.64)

18.4 (0.61)

72.8 (0.77)

72.9 (0.74)

8.6 (0.44)

8.7 (0.43)

14.8 (0.92)

14.1 (0.73)

53.7 (1.39)

54.0 (1.13)

31.5 (1.27)

31.9 (1.06)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

17.0 (0.59)

17.9 (0.52)

79.8 (0.62)

78.9 (0.57)

3.2 (0.27)

3.1 (0.24)

17.8 (1.02)

19.4 (0.84)

74.8 (1.13)

70.8 (1.02)

7.4 (0.60)

9.9 (0.64)

15.6 (1.47)

14.1 (1.16)

58.9 (2.20)

49.7 (1.65)

25.5 (1.80)

36.2 (1.64)

..........................................

..............

18.8 (0.52)17.3 (0.70)14.1 (1.31)

13.0 (1.53)

78.1 (0.56)79.7 (0.75)83.8 (1.34)

81.8 (1.75)

3.2 (0.23)2.9 (0.31)2.1 (0.46)

5.2 (0.99)

19.5 (0.99)19.5 (1.05)15.5 (1.49)

12.7 (1.43)

72.1 (1.16)71.7 (1.21)75.0 (1.75)

78.7 (1.73)

8.4 (0.67)8.8 (0.70)9.5 (1.21)

8.7 (1.08)

15.6 (1.56)15.0 (1.22)13.4 (1.68)

10.2 (1.44)

53.8 (2.32)51.4 (1.70)56.5 (2.53)

58.5 (2.28)

30.5 (2.06)33.6 (1.69)30.1 (2.24)

31.3 (2.19)

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

..............

..............

..............

17.4 (0.42)

17.0 (0.46)

20.8 (1.23)

20.7 (4.23)

15.5 (1.62)

*29.7 (13.91)

19.7 (3.23)

*14.7 (6.65)

16.3 (4.55)

79.4 (0.44)

79.7 (0.49)

76.8 (1.29)

76.0 (3.98)

81.8 (1.73)

70.3 (13.91)

77.3 (3.37)

74.6 (9.79)

79.0 (5.05)

3.2 (0.18)

3.3 (0.21)

2.5 (0.45)

*3.4 (1.46)

2.6 (0.64)

–

*3.0 (1.25)

†

†

18.5 (0.65)

17.9 (0.71)

20.3 (1.66)

28.7 (5.75)

16.6 (2.48)

25.1 (5.28)

22.0 (4.76)

†

26.9 (7.63)

72.9 (0.77)

73.3 (0.87)

71.7 (1.81)

63.8 (5.78)

75.1 (2.87)

69.6 (7.67)

68.0 (5.33)

91.7 (8.78)

64.6 (8.16)

8.6 (0.44)

8.7 (0.51)

8.0 (1.04)

*7.5 (3.65)

8.4 (1.73)

†

*10.0 (3.02)

–

*8.5 (3.96)

14.8 (0.93)

14.0 (1.08)

17.6 (2.12)

22.0 (6.26)

13.4 (3.97)

63.9 (0.00)

*13.9 (5.03)

*34.2 (12.57)

†

53.9 (1.41)

53.5 (1.67)

56.6 (2.68)

35.7 (6.05)

60.5 (5.39)

†

47.6 (9.05)

*38.5 (14.71)

50.8 (14.52)

31.3 (1.27)

32.5 (1.50)

25.8 (2.34)

42.2 (6.65)

26.0 (5.00)

33.1 (3.81)

38.5 (8.98)

27.3 (7.65)

*38.3 (14.05)

d race

..............

..............

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

19.2 (1.14)

19.6 (1.55)

17.2 (0.44)

16.7 (0.49)

20.7 (1.23)

78.4 (1.19)

78.6 (1.60)

79.5 (0.47)

79.9 (0.52)

76.8 (1.30)

2.4 (0.39)

1.8 (0.47)

3.2 (0.20)

3.4 (0.23)

2.5 (0.46)

19.9 (1.38)

22.0 (1.82)

18.1 (0.72)

17.0 (0.83)

20.8 (1.71)

73.5 (1.59)

72.9 (2.08)

72.6 (0.86)

73.3 (1.02)

71.1 (1.86)

6.5 (0.93)

5.0 (1.09)

9.3 (0.52)

9.7 (0.63)

8.1 (1.06)

16.4 (2.06)

16.1 (2.15)

14.5 (1.00)

13.9 (1.21)

17.1 (2.14)

58.4 (2.70)

60.5 (3.23)

52.9 (1.58)

52.1 (1.97)

57.0 (2.74)

25.1 (2.30)

23.3 (2.83)

32.6 (1.47)

34.0 (1.81)

25.9 (2.40)

..............

..............

..............

..............

16.1 (1.23)

16.4 (0.80)

17.6 (0.82)

17.8 (0.75)

79.4 (1.40)

80.8 (0.86)

79.6 (0.85)

78.7 (0.81)

4.5 (0.78)

2.9 (0.35)

2.8 (0.33)

3.4 (0.37)

17.6 (1.36)

16.6 (1.10)

19.4 (1.27)

19.9 (1.55)

75.5 (1.64)

74.7 (1.29)

71.0 (1.43)

70.3 (1.88)

6.9 (0.95)

8.7 (0.76)

9.6 (0.93)

9.8 (1.04)

14.7 (1.53)

14.3 (1.64)

13.4 (1.64)

17.5 (3.02)

52.6 (2.32)

51.8 (2.29)

55.1 (2.69)

51.5 (3.78)

32.7 (2.26)

33.8 (2.25)

31.5 (2.48)

31.0 (3.60)

............................

..........................................

..............

18.2 (0.72)

17.4 (0.56)

17.5 (1.06)18.3 (1.02)15.3 (1.12)

18.0 (1.13)

78.2 (0.80)

79.3 (0.59)

79.7 (1.10)78.0 (1.10)81.9 (1.25)

78.7 (1.20)

3.6 (0.40)

3.2 (0.26)

2.7 (0.45)3.7 (0.51)2.8 (0.68)

3.3 (0.46)

19.4 (1.01)

18.3 (0.89)

17.9 (1.33)19.1 (1.61)19.5 (2.32)

16.1 (1.93)

71.1 (1.19)

73.7 (1.06)

72.4 (1.65)73.9 (1.80)73.2 (2.56)

76.1 (2.21)

9.5 (0.70)

8.0 (0.60)9.7 (1.16)7.0 (1.03)7.2 (1.36)

7.8 (1.30)

13.4 (1.12)

16.7 (1.68)15.5 (2.50)16.0 (2.87)18.9 (4.78)

15.2 (4.28)

53.1 (1.65)

54.1 (2.44)50.4 (3.48)57.9 (4.52)52.9 (6.04)

57.3 (6.78)

33.5 (1.51)

29.3 (2.21)

34.0 (3.53)26.1 (3.72)28.2 (5.44)

27.4 (5.93)

Page 66[ Series 10, No. 240
ributions (with standard errors) of current health status relative to health status 1 year ago among persons 18 years of age and over, by

tes, 2007—Con.

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or very good Good Fair or poor

Better

than

last year

About the

same aslast year

Worse

than

last year

Better

than

last year

About the

same aslast year

Worse

than

last year

Better

than

last year

About the

same aslast year

Worse

than

last year

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

..............

..............

..............

20.9 (1.57)

17.8 (1.24)17.5 (0.53)

76.4 (1.62)

78.1 (1.35)79.3 (0.55)

2.6 (0.53)

4.1 (0.71)3.2 (0.23)

20.7 (1.55)

18.5 (1.54)18.7 (0.91)

68.6 (1.82)

72.1 (1.91)73.1 (1.03)

10.7 (1.18)

9.5 (1.20)8.2 (0.59)

13.0 (1.54)

13.1 (1.82)17.0 (1.70)

50.6 (2.39)

55.0 (2.83)53.5 (2.27)

36.4 (2.26)

31.9 (2.67)29.5 (2.04)

e12

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

18.3 (0.52)

22.0 (2.25)

18.5 (2.51)

16.6 (0.94)

13.5 (1.37)

19.1 (5.17)

12.4 (1.55)

17.3 (4.06)

†

78.9 (0.55)

73.6 (2.44)

78.8 (2.68)

79.3 (1.08)

82.8 (1.44)

69.4 (6.80)

84.3 (1.82)

81.2 (4.12)

71.0 (14.85)

2.8 (0.20)

4.5 (1.23)

*2.7 (1.10)

4.2 (0.61)

3.7 (0.65)

*11.5 (5.57)

*3.4 (1.16)

†

–

20.2 (1.06)

21.3 (2.30)

19.0 (3.65)

17.8 (1.43)

14.7 (1.35)

14.0 (4.08)

12.3 (1.82)

17.4 (4.38)

–

71.3 (1.21)

66.5 (2.78)

69.8 (4.38)

74.2 (1.69)

76.5 (1.62)

70.5 (4.95)

79.4 (2.20)

73.0 (5.03)

100.0 (0.00)

8.5 (0.67)

12.1 (1.88)

*11.2 (3.39)

8.0 (1.01)

8.8 (1.00)

15.4 (3.61)

8.3 (1.47)

*9.7 (3.34)

–

17.6 (1.93)

13.0 (1.68)

19.4 (5.15)

13.9 (2.00)

13.1 (1.70)

10.9 (2.69)

10.8 (1.85)

11.7 (3.42)

†

52.5 (2.74)

50.4 (3.28)

59.6 (5.17)

53.4 (2.83)

55.8 (2.41)

60.7 (4.23)

60.9 (2.82)

51.8 (6.20)

64.5 (7.77)

29.9 (2.42)

36.6 (3.04)

21.0 (3.78)

32.7 (2.57)

31.1 (2.28)

28.4 (3.68)

28.3 (2.69)

36.6 (6.08)

34.7 (7.86)

..............

..............

..............

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.7 (0.56)18.6 (5.37)

19.1 (1.11)

17.7 (1.07)

21.1 (2.33)

80.1 (0.59)75.1 (6.39)

77.4 (1.21)

79.9 (1.12)

75.6 (2.41)

3.3 (0.26)

†

3.5 (0.60)

2.4 (0.45)

3.3 (0.90)

18.1 (0.92)

*17.2 (6.62)

19.6 (1.86)

18.5 (1.49)

19.2 (2.79)

73.9 (1.08)

76.8 (6.85)

68.6 (2.10)

73.4 (1.72)

70.4 (3.08)

8.0 (0.59)

*6.0 (2.12)

11.7 (1.37)

8.1 (1.04)

10.4 (2.24)

14.9 (1.41)

*11.6 (4.41)

12.2 (1.51)

16.7 (2.08)

10.3 (2.59)

52.5 (2.22)

46.4 (9.68)

50.4 (2.73)

59.5 (2.87)

56.2 (4.98)

32.7 (2.12)

42.0 (9.76)

37.4 (2.69)

23.9 (2.41)

33.5 (4.94)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18.2 (0.58)

16.9 (0.79)

16.4 (0.98)

78.3 (0.61)

80.2 (0.81)

80.9 (1.06)

3.5 (0.26)

2.9 (0.29)

2.7 (0.40)

18.4 (0.90)

19.6 (1.20)

17.3 (1.36)

72.9 (1.04)

72.0 (1.44)

73.9 (1.76)

8.7 (0.64)

8.4 (0.75)

8.8 (0.98)

16.0 (1.33)

14.9 (1.67)

12.1 (1.88)

52.8 (1.97)

57.2 (2.39)

49.7 (3.02)

31.2 (1.85)

27.9 (2.00)

38.2 (2.96)

..............

..............

..............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17.0 (1.08)

16.6 (0.80)

16.7 (0.64)

19.9 (0.89)

79.8 (1.11)

80.4 (0.83)

80.3 (0.70)

76.7 (0.95)

3.3 (0.46)

3.0 (0.35)

3.1 (0.29)

3.4 (0.38)

17.7 (1.57)

17.4 (1.23)

18.6 (1.08)

20.2 (1.36)

74.0 (1.75)

73.9 (1.51)

72.9 (1.32)

70.6 (1.63)

8.3 (1.21)

8.7 (0.99)

8.5 (0.69)

9.1 (0.85)

19.6 (2.66)

13.3 (2.01)

13.1 (1.36)

16.1 (1.81)

54.2 (3.43)

53.6 (3.58)

53.5 (2.09)

53.9 (2.52)

26.2 (2.89)

33.1 (3.02)

33.4 (2.03)

29.9 (2.29)

..............

..............

..............

..............

ale ............

male...........

17.1 (1.72)22.2 (1.58)

16.5 (0.71)16.9 (0.64)

20.7 (1.89)

20.5 (1.57)

80.7 (1.75)75.2 (1.68)

80.1 (0.74)79.8 (0.69)

77.0 (1.97)

76.8 (1.67)

2.2 (0.59)2.5 (0.51)

3.4 (0.34)3.3 (0.30)

2.3 (0.65)

2.7 (0.65)

16.0 (1.84)23.8 (2.06)

15.8 (1.31)18.1 (1.13)

23.4 (2.85)

18.2 (1.72)

80.4 (2.11)

67.3 (2.27)

75.5 (1.42)71.1 (1.41)

71.6 (2.94)

71.0 (2.21)

3.6 (1.06)8.9 (1.34)

8.7 (0.84)

10.8 (0.93)

5.0 (1.22)

10.9 (1.63)

17.1 (3.80)

16.0 (2.22)

14.3 (1.80)13.5 (1.66)

21.9 (3.91)14.8 (2.52)

65.9 (4.40)52.9 (3.33)

58.5 (2.96)46.2 (2.38)

58.6 (4.52)56.7 (3.33)

16.9 (3.33)31.1 (3.10)

27.2 (2.41)40.3 (2.45)

19.5 (3.48)28.5 (3.03)

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 67
r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

.
 

at asked respondents, ‘‘Would you say [subject name’s] health in general is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?’’ Proxy responses were allowed for adults not taking part in this portion of the interview
 

reported health status (possibly by proxy) for the Sample Adult only). ‘‘Excellent’’ and ‘‘Very good’’ are combined in this table, as are ‘‘Fair’’ and ‘‘Poor.’’ All sample adult respondents were also asked,
 

ur health is better, worse, or about the same?’’
 

e denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two age groups for persons under
 

e groups for persons age 65 and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.

age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Page 68[ Series 10, No. 240
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 69

Table 24. Frequency distributions of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

All current

smokers2

Smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Every day

smokers2

Some day

smokers2

Former

smokers3

Nonsmokers4

Number in thousands5

Total6 ................................... 223,181 43,406 33,778 9,628 47,291 128,914

Sex

Male ...................................

Female ..................................

107,750

115,431

23,642

19,764

18,132

15,645

5,509

4,119

26,596

20,695

55,575

73,340

Age

18–44 years ...............................

45–64 years ...............................

65–74 years ...............................

75 years and over ...........................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

24,712

15,747

2,292

655

18,541

12,766

1,937

534

6,171

2,981

355

*121

13,521

19,787

7,554

6,429

70,979

39,387

9,006

9,543

Race

1 race7 ..................................

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ................

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ...........

2 or more races8 ............................

Black or African American, white .................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

42,656

35,862

5,107

643

1,008

†

750

*62

471

33,141

28,117

3,848

408

754

†

636

*48

408

9,515

7,745

1,260

*235

254

†

114

†

*63

46,589

41,569

3,465

414

1,102

†

702

*69

445

127,380

100,529

17,277

1,149

8,186

239

1,535

241

656

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino ...........................

Mexican or Mexican American ..................

Not Hispanic or Latino.........................

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race .............

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

3,926

2,413

39,480

32,307

4,966

2,286

1,333

31,492

26,083

3,727

1,641

1,080

7,987

6,224

1,239

4,134

2,135

43,157

37,821

3,395

21,432

13,551

107,482

80,728

16,696

Education10

Less than a high school diploma ..................

High school diploma or GED11 ...................

Some college ..............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher .....................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

7,291

13,884

10,340

5,390

5,947

11,657

8,178

3,475

1,344

2,227

2,162

1,914

6,636

13,080

13,007

12,428

15,464

27,332

26,218

38,414

Family income12

Less than $35,000 ...........................

$35,000 or more ............................

$35,000–$49,999 ..........................

$50,000–$74,999 ..........................

$75,000–$99,999 ..........................

$100,000 or more ..........................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

17,373

23,115

7,160

7,376

3,719

4,860

13,739

17,568

5,536

5,763

2,877

3,393

3,634

5,547

1,625

1,613

843

1,467

13,992

28,642

6,316

8,335

5,588

8,403

37,409

76,869

16,331

21,520

14,608

24,411

Poverty status13

Poor....................................

Near poor ................................

Not poor .................................

23,083

31,110

139,879

6,481

7,673

25,010

5,107

6,133

18,999

1,374

1,540

6,011

3,206

6,052

32,290

13,158

17,065

80,786

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid................................

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ...............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ......................

Medicare only ............................

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ...............................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

21,857

4,714

1,822

11,930

1,621

310

773

201

†

16,294

3,892

1,495

9,490

1,372

256

641

172

†

5,563

822

327

2,440

249

*54

132

*28

†

24,932

1,923

1,649

4,749

8,587

511

3,611

1,199

*54

79,128

7,596

3,357

19,792

10,370

1,385

5,478

1,168

132

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 70 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 24. Frequency distributions of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007—Con.

All persons Smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

18 years

of age All current Every day Some day Former NonSelected characteristic and over smokers2 smokers2 smokers2 smokers3 smokers4

Marital status Number in thousands5

Married .................................. 124,214 18,604 14,766 3,838 30,412 73,471

Widowed ................................. 14,080 1,664 1,373 290 4,156 8,041

Divorced or separated......................... 24,008 6,948 5,603 1,345 5,443 11,175

Never married.............................. 45,472 10,562 7,539 3,024 4,470 29,644

Living with a partner .......................... 14,619 5,517 4,395 1,122 2,729 6,144

Place of residence15

Large MSA ............................... 111,359 19,365 14,673 4,692 22,637 67,415

Small MSA................................ 73,818 15,233 11,689 3,544 16,288 41,091

Not in MSA ............................... 38,004 8,808 7,415 1,393 8,366 20,408

Region

Northeast ................................ 38,209 6,793 5,181 1,612 9,054 21,803

Midwest ................................. 53,802 11,665 9,259 2,406 11,643 29,644

South ................................... 81,850 16,835 13,533 3,302 16,244 47,202

West ................................... 49,320 8,113 5,804 2,309 10,351 30,266

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 15,375 2,733 1,497 1,236 2,744 9,725

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 14,482 1,193 788 405 1,390 11,707

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 73,878 16,774 13,576 3,198 20,584 35,169

White, single race, female ..................... 79,480 15,533 12,508 3,025 17,236 45,559

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 11,482 2,774 2,000 773 1,907 6,498

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 14,092 2,193 1,727 466 1,488 10,198

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1The data in this table are based on two questions in the survey: ‘‘Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?’’ and ‘‘Do you now smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?’’
 

2Current smokers have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and still currently smoke. Everyday smokers are current smokers who smoke every day while some day smokers are current
 

smokers who smoke on some days.
 

3Former smokers are persons who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, but currently do not smoke at all.
 

4Nonsmokers are persons who have never smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime.
 

5Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequency distributions (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. Numbers may not add to totals
 

because of rounding.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

10Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

13Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

15MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 71

Table 25. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years of age and

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

All current Every day Some day Former NonSelected characteristic Total smokers2 smokers2 smokers2 smokers3 smokers4

Percent distribution5 (standard error)

Total6 (age adjusted) ......................... 100.0 19.7 (0.38) 15.3 (0.36) 4.4 (0.17) 21.2 (0.33) 59.1 (0.48)

Total6 (crude) .............................. 100.0 19.8 (0.39) 15.4 (0.36) 4.4 (0.17) 21.5 (0.36) 58.7 (0.48)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 22.0 (0.55) 16.8 (0.51) 5.2 (0.26) 25.5 (0.53) 52.5 (0.66)

Female .................................. 100.0 17.5 (0.46) 13.8 (0.43) 3.7 (0.21) 17.6 (0.41) 64.9 (0.60)

Age7

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 22.6 (0.57) 17.0 (0.54) 5.7 (0.27) 12.4 (0.40) 65.0 (0.64)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 21.0 (0.60) 17.0 (0.56) 4.0 (0.26) 26.4 (0.63) 52.6 (0.76)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 12.2 (0.79) 10.3 (0.77) 1.9 (0.28) 40.1 (1.21) 47.8 (1.18)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 3.9 (0.50) 3.2 (0.45) *0.7 (0.23) 38.7 (1.30) 57.4 (1.35)

Race

1 race8 .................................. 100.0 19.6 (0.39) 15.2 (0.36) 4.4 (0.17) 21.1 (0.33) 59.2 (0.48)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 20.3 (0.45) 15.9 (0.43) 4.5 (0.19) 22.6 (0.38) 57.0 (0.54)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 19.0 (0.79) 14.3 (0.68) 4.7 (0.42) 14.5 (0.65) 66.5 (0.92)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 27.7 (4.51) 17.2 (3.52) 10.5 (3.11) 19.1 (4.47) 53.2 (6.56)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 9.2 (0.90) 6.9 (0.81) 2.3 (0.42) 11.5 (1.14) 79.3 (1.41)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 † † † † 77.2 (9.89)

2 or more races9 ............................ 100.0 23.8 (3.34) 20.4 (3.15) 3.4 (1.00) 25.6 (2.51) 50.6 (3.58)

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 *15.4 (5.41) *12.8 (5.17) † 25.5 (6.63) 59.1 (7.33)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 30.0 (5.16) 25.8 (5.07) *4.3 (1.80) 27.4 (3.65) 42.6 (5.18)

Hispanic or Latino origin10 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 12.8 (0.74) 7.7 (0.56) 5.1 (0.45) 16.1 (0.80) 71.0 (1.01)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 12.7 (0.87) 7.4 (0.67) 5.3 (0.53) 15.4 (0.98) 71.9 (1.23)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 21.0 (0.43) 16.7 (0.41) 4.3 (0.18) 21.8 (0.37) 57.2 (0.53)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 22.1 (0.52) 17.8 (0.50) 4.4 (0.22) 23.7 (0.43) 54.2 (0.61)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 19.1 (0.80) 14.3 (0.69) 4.8 (0.43) 14.6 (0.66) 66.3 (0.93)

Education11

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 27.0 (1.00) 22.0 (0.98) 5.0 (0.50) 20.3 (0.83) 52.7 (1.13)

High school diploma or GED12 ................... 100.0 26.6 (0.81) 22.3 (0.79) 4.3 (0.33) 22.7 (0.67) 50.8 (0.91)

Some college .............................. 100.0 20.1 (0.69) 15.9 (0.64) 4.2 (0.29) 26.8 (0.75) 53.0 (0.85)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 9.1 (0.51) 5.8 (0.46) 3.2 (0.28) 23.5 (0.73) 67.4 (0.84)

Family income13

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 26.8 (0.67) 21.3 (0.63) 5.6 (0.29) 19.2 (0.54) 54.0 (0.78)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 17.2 (0.50) 13.1 (0.47) 4.1 (0.22) 23.1 (0.46) 59.6 (0.59)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 23.8 (0.98) 18.4 (0.88) 5.4 (0.48) 21.2 (0.81) 55.0 (1.09)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 19.0 (0.89) 14.9 (0.87) 4.2 (0.40) 23.5 (0.83) 57.5 (1.07)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 14.5 (0.93) 11.1 (0.84) 3.3 (0.46) 24.6 (1.05) 60.9 (1.23)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 12.4 (0.82) 8.5 (0.69) 3.9 (0.46) 23.8 (0.89) 63.8 (1.10)

Poverty status14

Poor.................................... 100.0 28.1 (1.17) 22.3 (1.13) 5.7 (0.47) 15.8 (0.82) 56.2 (1.30)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 25.4 (0.97) 20.5 (0.92) 5.0 (0.46) 20.2 (0.93) 54.4 (1.11)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 17.7 (0.49) 13.4 (0.46) 4.3 (0.22) 23.4 (0.42) 58.9 (0.58)

Health insurance coverage15

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 17.4 (0.48) 12.9 (0.45) 4.6 (0.24) 18.7 (0.45) 63.9 (0.61)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 33.2 (1.59) 27.4 (1.54) 5.8 (0.69) 13.9 (0.98) 52.8 (1.63)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 26.1 (2.34) 20.8 (2.11) 5.3 (1.24) 19.4 (1.74) 54.5 (2.44)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 32.8 (0.99) 26.2 (0.96) 6.6 (0.46) 13.9 (0.71) 53.3 (1.02)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 7.8 (0.64) 6.6 (0.58) 1.2 (0.25) 41.7 (1.24) 50.5 (1.25)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 13.9 (2.23) 11.5 (2.11) *2.4 (0.96) 23.2 (2.54) 62.9 (3.00)

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 7.9 (0.83) 6.5 (0.79) 1.3 (0.32) 36.6 (1.61) 55.5 (1.61)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 7.7 (1.67) 6.6 (1.62) *1.1 (0.46) 46.6 (3.17) 45.7 (3.25)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 *14.1 (7.05) † † *17.2 (5.96) 68.7 (8.38)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 72 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 25. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years of age and

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

All current Every day Some day Former NonSelected characteristic Total smokers2 smokers2 smokers2 smokers3 smokers4

Marital status Percent distribution5 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 15.0 (0.43) 11.8 (0.40) 3.2 (0.20) 23.6 (0.46) 61.3 (0.58)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 28.2 (4.78) 24.2 (4.73) *4.1 (1.57) 20.5 (3.49) 51.2 (4.84)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 28.5 (0.99) 22.8 (0.92) 5.6 (0.50) 21.3 (0.78) 50.2 (1.15)

Never married.............................. 100.0 21.4 (0.83) 15.4 (0.72) 6.0 (0.49) 15.4 (0.92) 63.3 (1.12)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 34.0 (1.57) 27.3 (1.57) 6.7 (0.76) 25.7 (1.75) 40.3 (1.96)

Place of residence16

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 17.4 (0.55) 13.2 (0.53) 4.2 (0.22) 21.0 (0.48) 61.7 (0.67)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 20.9 (0.67) 16.0 (0.62) 4.9 (0.31) 22.2 (0.65) 56.9 (0.89)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 24.5 (1.01) 20.4 (0.94) 4.0 (0.38) 20.2 (0.77) 55.3 (1.14)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 18.3 (0.85) 13.9 (0.85) 4.4 (0.41) 23.1 (0.76) 58.6 (1.10)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 22.1 (0.94) 17.5 (0.94) 4.6 (0.37) 21.6 (0.60) 56.3 (1.04)

South ................................... 100.0 20.7 (0.58) 16.6 (0.53) 4.1 (0.25) 20.0 (0.62) 59.2 (0.76)

West ................................... 100.0 16.5 (0.76) 11.8 (0.62) 4.7 (0.36) 21.1 (0.69) 62.4 (0.99)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 17.3 (1.29) 9.9 (0.99) 7.3 (0.79) 22.7 (1.49) 60.0 (1.66)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 8.3 (0.70) 5.6 (0.57) 2.7 (0.40) 10.5 (0.75) 81.3 (0.98)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 23.6 (0.73) 18.9 (0.71) 4.6 (0.33) 27.2 (0.68) 49.2 (0.86)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 20.8 (0.63) 16.6 (0.60) 4.1 (0.30) 20.9 (0.54) 58.4 (0.77)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 23.7 (1.38) 17.1 (1.20) 6.6 (0.80) 19.6 (1.17) 56.7 (1.55)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 15.3 (0.91) 12.0 (0.82) 3.3 (0.43) 11.2 (0.77) 73.4 (1.07)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1The data in this table are based on two questions in the survey: ‘‘Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?’’ and ‘‘Do you now smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?’’
 

2Current smokers have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and still currently smoke. Every day smokers are current smokers who smoke every day while some day smokers are current
 

smokers who smoke on some days.
 

3Former smokers are persons who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, but currently do not smoke at all.
 

4Nonsmokers are persons who have never smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime.
 

5Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

8In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

9The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

10Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

11Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over.

12GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

13The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

14Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

15Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.

16MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XV in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 73

Table 26. Frequency distributions of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007

Characteristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

Alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Lifetime

abstainer2

Former

infrequent2,3

Former

regular2,3

Current

infrequent2,3

Current

regular2,3

Number in thousands4

Total5 ........................................ 223,181 51,267 18,120 13,816 26,948 104,660

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

107,750

115,431

17,189

34,078

7,511

10,609

8,131

5,685

9,740

17,207

60,636

44,024

Age

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

25,738

14,479

5,112

5,938

5,410

7,464

2,782

2,464

3,947

5,827

2,019

2,022

12,993

10,236

2,090

1,629

58,439

35,405

6,513

4,304

Race

1 race6 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races7 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

50,566

36,554

8,580

*553

4,774

*106

701

*103

323

17,822

14,517

2,498

211

585

†

298

*36

*151

13,544

11,570

1,475

222

267

†

272

*24

185

26,573

21,925

3,169

350

1,090

†

375

*76

191

103,436

89,702

9,374

794

3,444

*122

1,224

120

666

Hispanic or Latino origin8 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

10,052

6,457

41,214

27,275

8,389

2,006

1,205

16,114

12,666

2,424

1,338

830

12,478

10,304

1,450

3,619

2,049

23,328

18,683

3,031

11,715

7,155

92,945

78,931

9,042

Education9

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED10 ........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

10,113

13,521

8,526

9,086

3,686

5,610

4,706

3,185

3,028

4,491

3,179

2,543

3,004

7,170

7,389

6,550

8,852

22,364

24,731

33,988

Family income11

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

20,407

24,007

7,141

7,681

4,379

4,806

7,278

9,034

2,744

2,690

1,561

2,038

5,675

6,789

2,039

2,087

1,283

1,380

7,710

16,930

3,926

5,497

3,274

4,233

26,346

69,818

13,375

18,669

13,074

24,700

Poverty status12

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

23,083

31,110

139,879

7,403

9,215

24,297

2,321

3,257

10,228

1,681

2,421

7,647

2,406

3,920

17,898

8,597

11,486

75,785

Health insurance coverage13

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

23,636

5,274

1,564

9,495

5,784

980

3,488

710

*73

7,855

1,724

817

2,434

3,068

332

1,420

375

*51

5,853

1,051

731

2,127

2,157

350

1,058

461

†

16,072

1,804

962

4,339

2,150

268

1,019

243

†

69,800

4,144

2,594

17,018

7,081

241

2,678

757

*50

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 74 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 26. Frequency distributions of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007—Con.

All persons Alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

18 years

of age Lifetime Former Former Current Current

Characteristic and over abstainer2 infrequent2,3 regular2,3 infrequent2,3 regular2,3

Marital status Number in thousands4

Married....................................... 124,214 27,175 11,235 8,139 16,285 57,427

Widowed...................................... 14,080 5,284 2,110 1,460 1,510 3,212

Divorced or separated ............................. 24,008 4,283 2,163 1,997 3,059 11,445

Never married .................................. 45,472 12,648 1,673 1,386 4,309 23,446

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,619 1,649 874 792 1,729 8,991

Place of residence14

Large MSA .................................... 111,359 25,101 7,789 5,923 13,695 54,411

Small MSA .................................... 73,818 15,872 6,226 4,383 8,761 35,872

Not in MSA .................................... 38,004 10,294 4,104 3,509 4,492 14,376

Region

Northeast ..................................... 38,209 6,847 2,585 2,069 4,908 20,506

Midwest ...................................... 53,802 10,723 4,174 3,379 7,192 26,426

South........................................ 81,850 21,901 7,325 5,253 9,406 34,372

West ........................................ 49,320 11,796 4,035 3,115 5,442 23,356

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 15,375 3,075 944 739 1,449 8,522

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 14,482 6,978 1,061 599 2,171 3,193

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 73,878 9,423 5,188 6,102 6,581 43,627

White, single race, female.......................... 79,480 17,852 7,478 4,202 12,101 35,304

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 11,482 2,769 862 835 1,054 5,347

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 14,092 5,620 1,562 616 1,977 3,695

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1Data on alcohol consumption are derived from several source questions: ‘‘In ANY ONE YEAR, have you had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ ‘‘In your ENTIRE LIFE, have you

had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ and ‘‘In the PAST YEAR, how often did you drink any type of alcoholic beverage?’’

2The drinking status categories in this table are based on the same definitions used in the Health, United States publications (see Appendix II), and are derived from respondents’ self-reported

responses to a series of questions about alcohol consumption. A lifetime abstainer had fewer than 12 drinks in his or her lifetime. A former drinker had at least 12 drinks in his or her lifetime or in any

one year AND had no drink in the past year. A current drinker had at least 12 drinks in his or her lifetime or in any one year AND had a drink between 1–365 times in the past year.

3Former infrequent drinkers had at least 12 drinks in their lifetime, but fewer than 12 drinks in any 1 year and no drinks in the last year. Former regular drinkers had at least 12 drinks in any 1 year and

no drinks in the last year. Current infrequent drinkers had at least 12 drinks in their lifetime and fewer than 12 drinks in the past year, and current regular drinkers had at least 12 drinks in the past

year. Former and current drinkers for whom the frequency of consumption or amount consumed was unknown are not included.

4Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequency distributions (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. Numbers may not add to totals

because of rounding.

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.

6In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

7The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

8Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

9Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

10GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

11The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

12Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

13Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

14MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 75

Table 27. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Lifetime Former Former Current Current

Selected characteristic Total abstainer2 infrequent2,3 regular2,3 infrequent2,3 regular2,3

Percent distribution4 (standard error)

Total5 (age adjusted) ......................... 100.0 24.0 (0.51) 8.3 (0.24) 6.3 (0.24) 12.4 (0.29) 48.6 (0.51)

Total5 (crude) .............................. 100.0 23.8 (0.51) 8.4 (0.25) 6.4 (0.25) 12.5 (0.29) 48.5 (0.51)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 16.8 (0.59) 7.2 (0.32) 7.9 (0.35) 9.3 (0.37) 58.1 (0.68)

Female .................................. 100.0 30.4 (0.64) 9.2 (0.33) 5.0 (0.26) 15.3 (0.40) 39.8 (0.62)

Age6

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 24.0 (0.65) 5.0 (0.30) 3.7 (0.21) 12.1 (0.40) 54.5 (0.73)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 19.7 (0.64) 10.1 (0.44) 7.9 (0.41) 13.9 (0.50) 48.1 (0.71)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 27.5 (1.22) 15.0 (0.86) 10.9 (0.87) 11.3 (0.78) 35.1 (1.22)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 36.2 (1.34) 15.0 (0.93) 12.3 (0.89) 9.9 (0.81) 26.3 (1.17)

Race

1 race7 .................................. 100.0 24.0 (0.51) 8.2 (0.25) 6.2 (0.24) 12.4 (0.29) 48.7 (0.51)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 21.1 (0.55) 8.0 (0.28) 6.4 (0.27) 12.4 (0.33) 51.6 (0.57)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 34.8 (1.19) 10.3 (0.62) 6.3 (0.52) 12.2 (0.65) 35.8 (0.99)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 27.9 (5.24) 9.9 (1.86) 10.4 (2.79) 15.9 (2.80) 34.2 (4.08)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 47.6 (1.88) 6.1 (0.96) 2.9 (0.58) 10.4 (1.05) 32.5 (1.54)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 38.7 (9.39) † † † 40.8 (9.74)

2 or more races8 ............................ 100.0 25.8 (2.87) 11.4 (2.08) 10.6 (2.02) 12.7 (2.07) 39.5 (2.91)

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 29.3 (7.57) *16.3 (5.51) *10.3 (5.00) *15.9 (5.23) 28.2 (6.56)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 22.6 (3.84) 9.3 (2.72) 12.1 (2.73) 13.4 (3.35) 42.6 (4.50)

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 35.5 (1.02) 7.9 (0.56) 5.6 (0.49) 12.5 (0.66) 38.0 (1.00)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 37.8 (1.32) 8.1 (0.74) 6.3 (0.65) 11.1 (0.81) 36.4 (1.23)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 22.2 (0.55) 8.3 (0.26) 6.4 (0.26) 12.4 (0.31) 50.3 (0.56)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 18.3 (0.61) 8.0 (0.30) 6.6 (0.30) 12.5 (0.36) 54.2 (0.65)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 35.1 (1.21) 10.3 (0.63) 6.4 (0.54) 12.1 (0.66) 35.8 (1.01)

Education10

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 34.1 (1.05) 12.0 (0.71) 9.7 (0.64) 10.7 (0.69) 33.1 (0.99)

High school diploma or GED11 ................... 100.0 25.1 (0.89) 10.0 (0.48) 8.0 (0.51) 13.5 (0.54) 43.1 (0.86)

Some college .............................. 100.0 17.9 (0.66) 9.9 (0.51) 6.7 (0.42) 15.0 (0.62) 50.1 (0.87)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 16.9 (0.70) 6.0 (0.44) 4.9 (0.35) 11.6 (0.50) 60.3 (0.90)

Family income12

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 29.3 (0.75) 10.4 (0.43) 8.1 (0.39) 11.4 (0.44) 40.2 (0.80)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 19.5 (0.56) 7.4 (0.32) 5.6 (0.30) 13.0 (0.39) 54.1 (0.64)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 24.4 (1.04) 9.3 (0.64) 6.9 (0.57) 13.3 (0.71) 45.6 (1.15)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 20.9 (0.90) 7.6 (0.55) 6.0 (0.51) 14.7 (0.71) 50.2 (1.05)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 18.6 (1.17) 7.2 (0.76) 5.7 (0.68) 13.5 (0.92) 54.7 (1.42)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 13.9 (0.88) 5.8 (0.60) 4.2 (0.49) 10.6 (0.71) 65.2 (1.10)

Poverty status13

Poor.................................... 100.0 33.5 (1.16) 11.5 (0.81) 8.5 (0.66) 10.5 (0.63) 35.5 (1.27)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 29.9 (1.02) 10.9 (0.71) 8.4 (0.63) 12.9 (0.71) 37.6 (1.07)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 18.3 (0.53) 7.5 (0.28) 5.6 (0.27) 12.9 (0.36) 55.3 (0.60)

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 19.4 (0.57) 6.0 (0.29) 4.5 (0.23) 12.8 (0.37) 57.0 (0.63)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 37.3 (1.55) 12.6 (0.97) 7.7 (0.76) 12.7 (1.02) 29.3 (1.49)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 25.3 (2.47) 9.5 (1.25) 8.1 (1.18) 13.9 (1.83) 42.4 (2.62)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 26.6 (0.90) 7.2 (0.52) 6.5 (0.51) 12.1 (0.64) 47.0 (1.02)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 28.6 (1.18) 15.2 (0.86) 10.7 (0.94) 10.6 (0.76) 34.8 (1.18)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 45.2 (3.16) 15.2 (2.22) 16.2 (2.50) 12.3 (2.44) 11.0 (1.94)

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 35.9 (1.67) 14.6 (1.14) 10.9 (1.00) 10.5 (0.99) 27.6 (1.54)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 27.9 (3.23) 14.6 (2.49) 17.9 (2.52) 9.4 (1.93) 29.6 (3.23)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 53.6 (7.94) *16.5 (6.19) † *8.5 (4.23) *17.4 (7.29)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 76 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 27. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Lifetime Former Former Current Current

Selected characteristic Total abstainer2 infrequent2,3 regular2,3 infrequent2,3 regular2,3

Marital status Percent distribution4 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 23.0 (0.62) 9.0 (0.36) 6.5 (0.34) 13.5 (0.42) 47.7 (0.65)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 34.1 (4.88) 10.8 (2.00) 8.9 (2.38) 14.8 (3.32) 31.4 (4.82)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 19.6 (0.98) 9.2 (0.60) 8.0 (0.60) 12.4 (0.74) 50.3 (1.18)

Never married.............................. 100.0 28.8 (1.12) 7.1 (0.65) 5.8 (0.57) 10.6 (0.69) 47.1 (1.08)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 11.9 (1.31) 7.2 (1.07) 8.4 (1.44) 12.6 (1.39) 59.2 (2.10)

Place of residence15

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 23.7 (0.54) 7.3 (0.32) 5.6 (0.26) 12.7 (0.40) 50.2 (0.66)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 22.4 (0.98) 8.6 (0.43) 6.1 (0.37) 12.2 (0.49) 50.3 (0.98)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 27.3 (1.76) 10.7 (0.71) 8.8 (0.93) 12.4 (0.67) 40.2 (1.36)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 18.6 (0.86) 6.7 (0.47) 5.4 (0.43) 13.1 (0.76) 55.7 (1.24)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 20.7 (1.05) 7.9 (0.46) 6.3 (0.67) 13.6 (0.63) 51.0 (1.06)

South ................................... 100.0 28.2 (0.97) 9.2 (0.46) 6.6 (0.36) 11.9 (0.46) 43.7 (0.84)

West ................................... 100.0 24.8 (0.91) 8.4 (0.50) 6.5 (0.43) 11.2 (0.51) 48.5 (0.96)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 20.8 (1.27) 7.6 (0.82) 6.7 (0.75) 10.2 (0.91) 54.1 (1.60)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 50.2 (1.34) 8.2 (0.70) 4.8 (0.66) 15.1 (0.97) 21.4 (1.09)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 13.5 (0.72) 6.9 (0.40) 8.1 (0.44) 9.2 (0.47) 61.6 (0.87)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 22.4 (0.75) 9.0 (0.42) 5.3 (0.34) 15.5 (0.52) 47.4 (0.81)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 25.0 (1.68) 8.7 (0.93) 9.1 (0.92) 9.7 (1.03) 47.2 (1.66)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 42.3 (1.44) 11.8 (0.85) 4.7 (0.60) 14.3 (0.86) 26.6 (1.14)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.
 

1Data on alcohol consumption are derived from several source questions: ‘‘In ANY ONE YEAR, have you had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ ‘‘In your ENTIRE LIFE, have you
 

had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ and ‘‘In the PAST YEAR, how often did you drink any type of alcoholic beverage?’’
 

2The drinking status categories in this table are based on the same definitions used in the Health, United States publications (see Appendix II), and are derived from respondents’ self-reported
 

responses to a series of questions about alcohol consumption. A lifetime abstainer had fewer than 12 drinks in his/her lifetime. A former drinker had at least 12 drinks in his/her lifetime or in any one
 

year AND had no drink in the past year. A current drinker had at least 12 drinks in his/her lifetime or in any one year AND had a drink between 1–365 times in the past year.
 

3Former regular drinkers had at least 12 drinks in any one year and no drinks in the last year. Current infrequent drinkers had at least 12 drinks in their lifetime and fewer than 12 drinks in the past

year, and current regular drinkers had at least 12 drinks in the past year. Former and current drinkers for whom the frequency of consumption or amount consumed was unknown are not included.

4Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.

6Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

10Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over.

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

13Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons aged 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.

15MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XVI in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
f leisure-time physical activity status and number of periods per week of vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting 10 minutes or more

d over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Leisure-time physical activity status Frequency of vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week

among persons 18 years of age and over1 among persons 18 years of age and over1

All persons Some Regular

18 years leisure- leisureof age time time Less 5 or

and over Inactive activity activity Never than 1 1–2 3–4 more

Number in thousands2

......... 223,181 84,776 65,332 66,687 134,684 6,128 25,260 27,928 24,872

......... 107,750 38,388 31,571 34,381 58,739 3,703 14,492 14,726 13,825

......... 115,431 46,387 33,760 32,305 75,945 2,425 10,767 13,202 11,047

......... 110,890 37,096 33,817 36,975 57,038 3,800 16,339 17,674 13,833......... 76,136 28,743 22,983 22,163 48,068 1,974 7,628 8,494 8,538......... 19,258 8,970 5,063 4,613 14,822 243 942 1,282 1,556

......... 16,897 9,967 3,467 2,936 14,757 *111 351 479 944

......... 220,175 83,763 64,364 65,743 133,107 6,022 24,900 27,469 24,409

......... 180,815 66,172 53,427 56,019 107,514 4,977 20,783 23,139 20,931

. . . . . . . . . 26,366 12,713 6,763 6,034 17,507 655 2,557 2,850 2,152

......... 2,222 863 819 495 1,554 *103 195 *109 *242

......... 10,437 3,896 3,267 3,088 6,332 287 1,333 1,322 1,052

......... 335 *119 *88 *107 *200 – † † †

......... 3,006 1,012 967 943 1,577 *106 360 459 462

......... 378 137 96 140 189 † *61 *64 *46

......... 1,578 549 481 504 903 † *135 270 228

ce

......... 29,857 14,400 7,587 7,227 20,329 700 2,654 3,005 2,725

......... 18,309 8,914 4,822 4,269 12,589 427 1,823 1,719 1,533

......... 193,324 70,376 57,744 59,460 114,354 5,428 22,606 24,922 22,147

......... 153,359 52,824 46,546 49,406 88,774 4,328 18,394 20,406 18,424

......... 25,574 12,280 6,598 5,858 16,930 655 2,484 2,777 2,085

......... 29,790 18,758 5,978 4,197 24,847 451 1,255 1,139 1,532

......... 55,363 26,545 15,619 11,573 40,001 999 5,029 3,985 4,249

......... 50,281 16,854 16,215 15,781 29,924 1,678 5,477 6,550 5,834

......... 56,971 12,111 18,910 24,446 24,862 1,971 8,763 11,507 8,851

......... 69,738 34,805 17,586 15,539 50,047 1,291 6,258 5,236 5,747

......... 130,163 39,953 42,424 44,799 69,823 4,576 17,080 20,080 16,568

......... 30,247 12,723 8,431 8,280 19,180 846 3,197 3,497 3,009......... 37,717 12,628 12,358 11,740 21,692 1,272 4,710 5,012 4,317......... 24,193 6,945 8,699 8,145 13,295 797 3,135 3,712 2,950

......... 38,006 7,657 12,937 16,634 15,656 1,661 6,038 7,859 6,292

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 77
f leisure-time physical activity status and number of periods per week of vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting 10 minutes or more

d over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Leisure-time physical activity status Frequency of vigorous leisure-time physical activity per week

among persons 18 years of age and over1 among persons 18 years of age and over1

All persons Some Regular

18 years leisure- leisureof age time time Less 5 or

and over Inactive activity activity Never than 1 1–2 3–4 more

Number in thousands2

......... 23,083 12,437 5,257 4,908 16,555 381 2,103 1,685 1,979

......... 31,110 14,848 8,318 7,320 21,982 714 2,710 2,711 2,583

......... 139,879 42,687 45,659 48,003 75,374 4,697 18,461 21,087 17,907

......... 127,870 36,756 42,056 45,472 64,423 4,546 18,393 21,198 16,842

......... 14,440 8,117 3,207 2,722 11,288 200 966 806 916

......... 6,933 3,159 1,623 1,972 4,622 *87 523 713 871

......... 36,974 17,566 9,759 8,723 24,459 929 4,014 3,280 3,665

......... 20,872 9,948 5,516 4,738 16,560 280 910 1,203 1,585

......... 2,238 1,614 332 246 2,075 † *36 *33 *53

......... 10,166 5,788 2,065 1,945 8,586 *36 236 359 694

......... 2,612 1,452 560 549 2,126 † *105 166 140

......... 223 120 *42 *61 190 – † – †

......... 124,214 45,659 38,065 37,200 75,260 3,698 13,844 15,480 13,965

......... 14,080 8,234 3,068 2,372 12,149 85 381 581 660

......... 24,008 10,267 6,496 6,499 15,888 514 2,210 2,529 2,372

......... 45,472 14,950 12,959 16,157 22,602 1,454 6,567 7,292 6,368

......... 14,619 5,252 4,644 4,300 8,272 378 2,217 1,979 1,451

......... 111,359 40,350 32,846 34,855 64,830 3,151 13,228 15,751 11,976

......... 73,818 27,267 22,064 22,503 43,771 2,141 8,306 9,058 9,327

......... 38,004 17,159 10,421 9,329 26,082 837 3,726 3,119 3,568

......... 38,209 14,002 11,638 11,441 22,545 1,245 4,638 5,265 3,778

......... 53,802 17,865 17,376 16,724 30,040 1,894 6,918 6,982 6,740

......... 81,850 36,574 21,342 21,758 52,921 1,800 8,072 9,432 7,881

......... 49,320 16,335 14,975 16,764 29,178 1,189 5,631 6,249 6,473

......... 15,375 6,853 4,142 3,992 9,444 501 1,772 1,836 1,573

......... 14,482 7,547 3,445 3,235 10,886 199 882 1,169 1,152

......... 73,878 24,200 22,021 25,281 38,947 2,553 10,179 10,422 10,179

......... 79,480 28,624 24,525 24,125 49,827 1,775 8,214 9,985 8,245

ale ....... 11,482 4,876 2,957 3,181 6,509 409 1,389 1,555 1,299

male ...... 14,092 7,404 3,640 2,677 10,421 247 1,096 1,222 786

Page 78[ Series 10, No. 240

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.
r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

ty were phrased in terms of current behavior and lack a specific reference period. Respondents were asked about the frequency and duration of vigorous and light or moderate physical activity during

no sessions of light or moderate or vigorous leisure-time activity of at least 10 minutes duration; adults classified with some leisure-time activity reported at least one session of light or moderate or vigorous

did not meet the definition for regular leisure-time activity; adults classified with regular leisure-time activity reported three or more sessions per week of vigorous activity lasting at least 20 minutes or five or
 

ty lasting at least 30 minutes in duration. See Appendix II, Physical activity, leisure-time.
 

ty were phrased in terms of current behavior and lack a specific reference period. The data for ‘‘Frequency of vigorous physical activity per week among persons 18 years of age and over’’ are based on
 

ents how often they did vigorous activities during their leisure time for at least 10 minutes that caused heavy sweating and large increases in breathing or heart rates. Persons could indicate the time period
 

week,’’ ‘‘Times per month,’’ or ‘‘Times per year.’’ Persons who indicated they were unable to do vigorous activity were included in the ‘‘Never’’ category.
 

frequency distributions (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. Numbers may not add to totals because of rounding.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 79
ributions (with standard errors) of leisure-time physical activity status and number of periods per week of vigorous leisure-time physical

among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Leisure-time physical activity status Frequency of vigorous physical activity per week

among persons 18 years of age and over1 among persons 18 years of age and over2

Some Regular

leisure- leisuretime time Less 5 or

Total Inactive activity activity Total Never than 1 1–2 3–4 more

Percent distribution3 (standard error) Percent distribution3 (standard error)

......... 100.0 39.1 (0.64) 30.1 (0.48) 30.8 (0.49) 100.0 61.3 (0.58) 2.8 (0.14) 11.6 (0.32) 12.9 (0.31) 11.4 (0.33)
 

......... 100.0 39.1 (0.65) 30.1 (0.48) 30.8 (0.49) 100.0 61.5 (0.60) 2.8 (0.14) 11.5 (0.33) 12.8 (0.31) 11.4 (0.33)
 

. . . . . . . . . 100.0 37.0 (0.78) 30.1 (0.66) 32.9 (0.66) 100.0 56.0 (0.73) 3.5 (0.24) 13.6 (0.48) 13.9 (0.43) 13.1 (0.48)

......... 100.0 41.0 (0.73) 30.1 (0.55) 29.0 (0.59) 100.0 66.3 (0.66) 2.2 (0.16) 9.7 (0.39) 11.9 (0.39) 9.8 (0.37)

......... 100.0 34.4 (0.81) 31.3 (0.62) 34.3 (0.68) 100.0 52.5 (0.79) 3.5 (0.21) 15.0 (0.48) 16.3 (0.48) 12.7 (0.47)
 ......... 100.0 38.9 (0.83) 31.1 (0.72) 30.0 (0.71) 100.0 64.3 (0.85) 2.6 (0.27) 10.2 (0.47) 11.4 (0.47) 11.4 (0.51)
 ......... 100.0 48.1 (1.44) 27.2 (1.22) 24.7 (1.12) 100.0 78.7 (1.12) 1.3 (0.29) 5.0 (0.62) 6.8 (0.63) 8.3 (0.72)
 

......... 100.0 60.9 (1.38) 21.2 (1.04) 17.9 (1.09) 100.0 88.7 (0.90) *0.7 (0.21) 2.1 (0.35) 2.9 (0.42) 5.7 (0.67)
 

......... 100.0 39.2 (0.64) 30.0 (0.48) 30.8 (0.49) 100.0 61.4 (0.58) 2.8 (0.14) 11.6 (0.33) 12.8 (0.31) 11.3 (0.33)
 

......... 100.0 37.4 (0.71) 30.4 (0.55) 32.1 (0.56) 100.0 60.0 (0.64) 2.8 (0.16) 12.0 (0.38) 13.3 (0.35) 11.9 (0.38)
 

. . . . . . . . . 100.0 51.0 (1.20) 26.0 (0.94) 23.0 (0.92) 100.0 69.3 (1.05) 2.4 (0.41) 9.5 (0.65) 10.6 (0.69) 8.1 (0.56)
 

......... 100.0 39.8 (3.56) 37.6 (3.95) 22.6 (3.83) 100.0 72.7 (3.08) *4.2 (1.45) 8.0 (1.73) 4.7 (1.32) 10.3 (3.00)
 

......... 100.0 38.9 (1.72) 31.0 (1.73) 30.1 (1.59) 100.0 62.9 (1.74) 2.6 (0.52) 12.3 (1.19) 12.2 (1.12) 10.1 (0.90)
 

......... 100.0 *34.2 (10.50) 29.3 (8.16) 36.5 (10.20) 100.0 61.2 (7.49) – † *16.3 (6.77) †
 

......... 100.0 37.5 (3.18) 32.1 (3.49) 30.4 (2.83) 100.0 56.9 (3.27) *3.2 (1.31) 11.1 (2.77) 14.3 (2.14) 14.4 (2.28)
 

......... 100.0 42.0 (6.53) 28.1 (6.50) 29.9 (7.08) 100.0 55.4 (7.36) † *16.7 (6.31) *15.9 (6.16) *8.5 (3.79)
 

......... 100.0 36.5 (3.76) 31.2 (4.95) 32.3 (4.32) 100.0 57.8 (4.17) † *9.0 (3.47) 16.8 (3.48) 15.1 (3.56)
 

ce
 

......... 100.0 51.3 (1.11) 25.0 (0.96) 23.7 (0.91) 100.0 71.8 (0.99) 2.1 (0.32) 8.0 (0.55) 9.2 (0.58) 8.9 (0.62)
 

......... 100.0 51.9 (1.37) 25.4 (1.18) 22.7 (1.14) 100.0 73.6 (1.18) 2.0 (0.35) 8.6 (0.72) 8.2 (0.69) 7.7 (0.72)
 

......... 100.0 37.1 (0.70) 30.8 (0.53) 32.0 (0.56) 100.0 59.5 (0.65) 2.9 (0.15) 12.3 (0.36) 13.5 (0.34) 11.8 (0.37)
 

......... 100.0 34.7 (0.78) 31.4 (0.63) 33.9 (0.65) 100.0 57.5 (0.73) 3.0 (0.17) 12.8 (0.44) 14.2 (0.40) 12.5 (0.44)
 

......... 100.0 50.8 (1.23) 26.2 (0.96) 23.0 (0.93) 100.0 69.1 (1.08) 2.5 (0.43) 9.5 (0.67) 10.7 (0.71) 8.2 (0.57)
 

......... 100.0 63.8 (1.22) 21.3 (1.00) 14.9 (0.81) 100.0 83.6 (0.86) 1.7 (0.30) 4.8 (0.50) 4.4 (0.46) 5.6 (0.52)
 

......... 100.0 49.1 (1.05) 29.2 (0.87) 21.7 (0.73) 100.0 72.7 (0.87) 1.9 (0.24) 9.7 (0.51) 7.7 (0.46) 8.0 (0.48)
 

......... 100.0 35.0 (0.87) 32.9 (0.85) 32.0 (0.79) 100.0 61.3 (0.91) 3.3 (0.29) 10.8 (0.56) 13.0 (0.57) 11.6 (0.56)
 

......... 100.0 23.1 (0.78) 33.6 (0.84) 43.3 (0.86) 100.0 46.4 (0.87) 3.4 (0.31) 14.9 (0.64) 19.8 (0.63) 15.5 (0.61)
 

......... 100.0 50.4 (0.90) 26.3 (0.67) 23.3 (0.69) 100.0 71.8 (0.78) 2.0 (0.19) 9.6 (0.47) 8.0 (0.41) 8.7 (0.43)
 

......... 100.0 32.2 (0.72) 32.9 (0.63) 34.9 (0.64) 100.0 55.5 (0.71) 3.5 (0.21) 12.9 (0.41) 15.3 (0.41) 12.8 (0.45)
 

......... 100.0 43.2 (1.23) 28.7 (1.08) 28.1 (1.06) 100.0 64.5 (1.12) 2.8 (0.37) 10.8 (0.70) 11.8 (0.69) 10.1 (0.70)
 ......... 100.0 34.7 (1.10) 33.6 (1.07) 31.8 (0.99) 100.0 59.5 (1.14) 3.4 (0.37) 12.3 (0.68) 13.2 (0.74) 11.6 (0.72)
 ......... 100.0 30.2 (1.33) 35.8 (1.32) 34.0 (1.34) 100.0 56.9 (1.32) 3.2 (0.42) 12.8 (0.85) 14.9 (0.88) 12.4 (0.91)
 

......... 100.0 22.3 (1.14) 33.4 (1.12) 44.3 (1.25) 100.0 43.4 (1.27) 4.2 (0.50) 15.0 (0.81) 20.6 (0.94) 16.8 (0.95)
 

Page 80[ Series 10, No. 240
ributions (with standard errors) of leisure-time physical activity status and number of periods per week of vigorous leisure-time physical

among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Leisure-time physical activity status Frequency of vigorous physical activity per week

among persons 18 years of age and over1 among persons 18 years of age and over2

Some Regular

leisure- leisuretime time Less 5 or

Total Inactive activity activity Total Never than 1 1–2 3–4 more

Percent distribution3 (standard error) Percent distribution3 (standard error)

......... 100.0 57.3 (1.40) 22.5 (1.01) 20.2 (1.06) 100.0 75.7 (1.28) 1.5 (0.25) 8.2 (0.63) 6.6 (0.64) 7.9 (0.69)
 

......... 100.0 49.2 (1.20) 27.2 (1.03) 23.6 (0.95) 100.0 72.2 (1.06) 2.3 (0.32) 8.6 (0.72) 8.6 (0.57) 8.3 (0.65)
 

......... 100.0 31.7 (0.68) 33.3 (0.58) 35.0 (0.60) 100.0 55.0 (0.67) 3.4 (0.20) 13.4 (0.42) 15.3 (0.40) 12.9 (0.41)
 

......... 100.0 29.1 (0.72) 33.9 (0.62) 37.0 (0.65) 100.0 50.3 (0.74) 3.7 (0.22) 15.1 (0.48) 17.4 (0.44) 13.5 (0.46)

......... 100.0 58.2 (1.73) 22.7 (1.39) 19.0 (1.27) 100.0 80.1 (1.32) 1.4 (0.32) 6.7 (0.81) 5.6 (0.66) 6.3 (0.76)

......... 100.0 42.9 (2.66) 25.5 (2.24) 31.5 (2.32) 100.0 62.8 (2.44) *1.5 (0.57) 9.7 (1.66) 12.2 (1.59) 13.7 (1.88)

......... 100.0 49.4 (1.11) 27.0 (0.99) 23.6 (0.87) 100.0 68.5 (1.02) 2.4 (0.30) 10.7 (0.66) 8.5 (0.57) 9.8 (0.65)

......... 100.0 49.4 (1.37) 27.2 (1.10) 23.4 (1.04) 100.0 80.7 (1.07) 1.4 (0.30) 4.4 (0.54) 5.8 (0.54) 7.7 (0.77)

......... 100.0 73.6 (2.96) 15.2 (2.28) 11.2 (2.12) 100.0 94.2 (1.26) † *1.6 (0.67) *1.5 (0.61) *2.4 (0.88)

......... 100.0 59.0 (1.86) 21.1 (1.38) 19.9 (1.40) 100.0 86.6 (1.15) *0.4 (0.16) 2.4 (0.43) 3.6 (0.59) 7.0 (0.85)

......... 100.0 57.3 (3.29) 21.6 (2.75) 21.1 (2.62) 100.0 83.3 (2.21) † *3.9 (1.26) 6.2 (1.64) 5.3 (1.34)

......... 100.0 44.8 (10.42) 39.5 (9.40) *15.7 (5.04) 100.0 91.5 (3.81) – † – †

......... 100.0 37.8 (0.76) 31.5 (0.61) 30.8 (0.63) 100.0 60.9 (0.68) 3.1 (0.21) 11.7 (0.43) 12.9 (0.40) 11.3 (0.44)
 

......... 100.0 64.1 (4.22) 18.6 (3.12) 17.4 (3.10) 100.0 82.4 (3.25) *0.5 (0.15) *4.4 (1.69) *6.9 (2.18) *5.8 (1.88)
 

......... 100.0 44.9 (1.22) 26.9 (1.00) 28.3 (1.08) 100.0 66.7 (1.17) 2.3 (0.37) 9.5 (0.79) 11.2 (0.74) 10.3 (0.69)
 

......... 100.0 39.0 (1.18) 27.9 (1.03) 33.1 (1.05) 100.0 60.1 (1.08) 2.8 (0.30) 12.0 (0.80) 13.1 (0.64) 11.9 (0.65)
 

......... 100.0 40.6 (1.97) 29.8 (1.83) 29.6 (1.70) 100.0 62.9 (1.81) 2.1 (0.44) 13.1 (1.12) 12.8 (1.32) 9.2 (0.91)
 

......... 100.0 37.8 (0.69) 30.2 (0.62) 32.1 (0.59) 100.0 60.0 (0.71) 2.8 (0.21) 12.0 (0.48) 14.3 (0.42) 10.9 (0.37)

......... 100.0 38.0 (1.49) 30.7 (0.95) 31.3 (1.07) 100.0 60.2 (1.20) 3.0 (0.23) 11.5 (0.54) 12.5 (0.57) 12.8 (0.71)

. . . . . . . . . 100.0 45.2 (1.73) 28.8 (1.21) 25.9 (1.14) 100.0 67.6 (1.46) 2.4 (0.29) 11.1 (0.78) 9.0 (0.67) 9.9 (0.69)

......... 100.0 37.5 (1.26) 31.4 (1.04) 31.1 (1.06) 100.0 59.5 (1.16) 3.4 (0.36) 12.6 (0.78) 14.4 (0.74) 10.2 (0.69)
 

......... 100.0 34.2 (1.55) 33.5 (1.21) 32.3 (1.16) 100.0 56.7 (1.40) 3.6 (0.33) 13.4 (0.77) 13.5 (0.68) 12.8 (0.80)
 

......... 100.0 45.9 (1.07) 26.7 (0.69) 27.4 (0.77) 100.0 65.9 (0.90) 2.3 (0.21) 10.1 (0.51) 11.8 (0.49) 9.9 (0.46)
 

. . . . . . . . . 100.0 34.3 (1.07) 30.9 (0.87) 34.8 (1.03) 100.0 60.0 (1.17) 2.4 (0.26) 11.5 (0.57) 12.8 (0.60) 13.2 (0.76)
 

......... 100.0 47.5 (1.62) 26.5 (1.45) 26.0 (1.41) 100.0 65.6 (1.51) 2.9 (0.55) 10.4 (0.93) 10.8 (0.95) 10.4 (1.06)

......... 100.0 54.8 (1.35) 23.4 (1.14) 21.8 (1.14) 100.0 78.1 (1.11) 1.2 (0.28) 5.5 (0.59) 7.5 (0.66) 7.7 (0.73)

......... 100.0 33.3 (0.96) 30.9 (0.90) 35.8 (0.90) 100.0 52.9 (0.92) 3.6 (0.29) 14.5 (0.63) 14.8 (0.58) 14.3 (0.65)

......... 100.0 35.8 (0.89) 32.0 (0.70) 32.2 (0.79) 100.0 61.8 (0.86) 2.4 (0.21) 11.3 (0.53) 13.7 (0.54) 10.8 (0.50)

ale ....... 100.0 45.7 (1.83) 26.2 (1.56) 28.0 (1.65) 100.0 60.5 (1.72) 3.4 (0.85) 11.6 (1.20) 13.3 (1.26) 11.2 (1.04)

male ...... 100.0 54.7 (1.45) 26.2 (1.20) 19.1 (1.03) 100.0 76.2 (1.16) 1.7 (0.33) 7.7 (0.73) 8.6 (0.74) 5.6 (0.60)

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 81
r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

ty were phrased in terms of current behavior and lack a specific reference period. Respondents were asked about the frequency and duration of vigorous and light or moderate physical activity during

no sessions of light or moderate or vigorous leisure-time activity of at least 10 minutes duration; adults classified with some leisure-time activity reported at least one session of light or moderate or vigorous

did not meet the definition for regular leisure-time activity; adults classified with regular leisure-time activity reported three or more sessions per week of vigorous activity lasting at least 20 minutes or five or
 

ty lasting at least 30 minutes in duration. See Appendix II, Physical activity, leisure-time.
 

ty were phrased in terms of current behavior and lack a specific reference period. The data for ‘‘Frequency of vigorous physical activity per week among persons 18 years of age and over’’ are based on
 

ents how often they did vigorous activities during their leisure time for at least 10 minutes that caused heavy sweating and large increases in breathing or heart rates. Persons could indicate the time period
 

week,’’ ‘‘times per month,’’ or ‘‘times per year.’’ Persons who indicated they were unable to do vigorous activity were included in the ‘‘Never’’ category.
 

e denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over.
 

chool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two age groups for persons under
 

e groups for persons age 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Page 82[ Series 10, No. 240
2007

Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 83

Table 30. Frequency distributions of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States,

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

Body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over1

UnderweightHealthy

weight

Overweight Obese

Number in thousands2

Total3 ................................... 223,181 3,923 77,605 74,625 55,382

Sex

Male ...................................

Female ..................................

107,750

115,431

1,001

2,923

31,037

46,568

44,172

30,453

28,074

27,308

Age

18–44 years ...............................

45–64 years ...............................

65–74 years ...............................

75 years and over ...........................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

2,325

753

248

597

43,277

21,871

5,702

6,756

33,863

27,708

7,194

5,861

25,835

21,803

4,907

2,837

Race

1 race4 ..................................

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ................

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ...........

2 or more races5 ............................

Black or African American, white .................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

3,895

3,011

398

†

471

†

*29

†

†

76,616

63,142

7,015

673

5,691

*94

990

155

446

73,635

61,191

8,655

747

2,943

*98

991

143

519

54,518

43,935

8,849

705

918

*112

864

*59

504

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ...........................

Mexican or Mexican American ..................

Not Hispanic or Latino.........................

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race .............

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

416

259

3,507

2,612

392

8,782

5,112

68,823

55,079

6,720

11,117

6,649

63,508

51,031

8,334

7,843

5,187

47,539

36,680

8,698

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ..................

High school diploma or GED8 ....................

Some college ..............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher .....................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

624

784

580

808

7,940

16,457

15,136

22,537

9,961

18,936

17,644

20,561

9,392

16,204

14,574

10,588

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ...........................

$35,000 or more ............................

$35,000–$49,999 ..........................

$50,000–$74,999 ..........................

$75,000–$99,999 ..........................

$100,000 or more ..........................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

1,714

1,765

501

554

215

495

24,425

45,319

9,797

12,436

8,069

15,017

21,387

45,508

10,156

13,231

8,736

13,385

18,796

32,270

8,309

10,078

6,054

7,828

Poverty status10

Poor....................................

Near poor ................................

Not poor .................................

23,083

31,110

139,879

647

641

1,950

8,308

10,024

49,363

6,736

10,397

48,661

6,283

8,824

34,280

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid................................

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ...............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ......................

Medicare only ............................

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ...............................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

2,020

334

*55

648

505

*49

256

*25

†

45,573

4,441

2,029

12,754

7,253

755

3,649

739

*46

42,912

4,208

2,286

12,031

7,614

761

3,516

1,085

*70

31,010

4,592

2,295

9,570

4,550

510

2,005

628

*51

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 84 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 30. Frequency distributions of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States,

2007—Con.

All persons Body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over1

18 years

of age Under- Healthy OverSelected characteristic and over weight weight weight Obese

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married .................................. 124,214 1,494 39,875 44,755 31,630

Widowed ................................. 14,080 425 5,159 4,531 3,217

Divorced or separated......................... 24,008 333 7,385 7,862 7,138

Never married.............................. 45,472 1,490 19,461 12,796 9,395

Living with a partner .......................... 14,619 *167 5,560 4,432 3,884

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................... 111,359 2,037 40,503 36,950 25,599

Small MSA................................ 73,818 1,365 25,403 24,790 18,975

Not in MSA ............................... 38,004 521 11,700 12,886 10,807

Region

Northeast ................................ 38,209 839 13,989 12,494 8,621

Midwest ................................. 53,802 836 17,979 18,346 13,643

South ................................... 81,850 1,521 27,069 26,919 22,066

West ................................... 49,320 727 18,568 16,866 11,051

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 15,375 *147 3,881 6,586 4,073

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 14,482 269 4,901 4,531 3,770

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 73,878 597 21,207 30,886 19,089

White, single race, female ..................... 79,480 2,015 33,873 20,145 17,592

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 11,482 *159 3,010 4,336 3,499

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 14,092 233 3,711 3,998 5,199

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

1Body mass index (BMI) is calculated from the information respondents supplied in response to the questions in the survey regarding height and weight. For both men and women, underweight is

indicated by a BMI under 18.5; healthy weight is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 18.5 and less than 25.0; overweight is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 25.0 and less than 30.0;

obesity is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 30.0. Analysts should note self-reported height and weight may differ from actual measurements.

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequency distributions (see Appendix I), but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. Numbers may not add to totals

because of rounding.

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 85

Table 31. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over1

Under- Healthy OverSelected characteristic Total weight weight weight Obese

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (age adjusted) .............................. 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 37.1 (0.42) 35.1 (0.40) 25.9 (0.40)

Total3 (crude) ................................... 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 36.7 (0.42) 35.3 (0.40) 26.2 (0.40)

Sex

Male ........................................ 100.0 1.0 (0.13) 30.3 (0.59) 42.2 (0.63) 26.5 (0.55)

Female....................................... 100.0 2.8 (0.20) 43.9 (0.57) 28.1 (0.50) 25.2 (0.52)

Age4

18–44 years.................................... 100.0 2.2 (0.19) 41.1 (0.60) 32.2 (0.57) 24.5 (0.54)

45–64 years.................................... 100.0 1.0 (0.17) 30.3 (0.66) 38.4 (0.70) 30.2 (0.71)

65–74 years.................................... 100.0 1.4 (0.29) 31.6 (1.18) 39.9 (1.16) 27.2 (1.10)

75 years and over ................................ 100.0 3.7 (0.54) 42.1 (1.28) 36.5 (1.23) 17.7 (0.98)

Race

1 race5 ....................................... 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 37.1 (0.42) 35.1 (0.41) 25.9 (0.40)

White ...................................... 100.0 1.8 (0.13) 37.4 (0.48) 35.4 (0.47) 25.4 (0.44)

Black or African American .......................... 100.0 1.7 (0.28) 28.1 (0.92) 35.1 (1.00) 35.1 (1.07)

American Indian or Alaska Native ..................... 100.0 † 32.7 (3.51) 34.7 (3.52) 32.4 (3.69)

Asian ...................................... 100.0 4.5 (0.95) 57.4 (1.79) 29.2 (1.58) 8.9 (0.95)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................ 100.0 † *33.3 (11.62) *31.7 (10.63) 31.0 (8.19)

2 or more races6 ................................. 100.0 *1.1 (0.50) 32.8 (2.75) 35.0 (2.99) 31.2 (3.23)

Black or African American, white...................... 100.0 † 34.9 (7.12) 44.4 (7.88) 20.2 (4.84)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ................. 100.0 † 29.3 (4.21) 36.5 (4.46) 33.2 (4.55)

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................ 100.0 1.5 (0.27) 30.8 (1.00) 40.3 (1.13) 27.5 (1.04)

Mexican or Mexican American ....................... 100.0 1.4 (0.31) 28.4 (1.28) 40.3 (1.40) 29.9 (1.38)

Not Hispanic or Latino ............................. 100.0 2.0 (0.14) 38.2 (0.46) 34.3 (0.43) 25.6 (0.43)

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.9 (0.15) 38.8 (0.54) 34.5 (0.52) 24.8 (0.48)

Black or African American, single race .................. 100.0 1.7 (0.29) 27.8 (0.92) 34.9 (1.00) 35.6 (1.08)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma ....................... 100.0 2.0 (0.42) 27.8 (0.89) 35.8 (1.02) 34.4 (1.07)

High school diploma or GED9 ......................... 100.0 1.5 (0.19) 31.4 (0.80) 36.0 (0.75) 31.1 (0.78)

Some college ................................... 100.0 1.3 (0.17) 32.2 (0.80) 36.7 (0.84) 29.8 (0.79)

Bachelor’s degree or higher .......................... 100.0 1.6 (0.20) 41.7 (0.81) 37.8 (0.80) 18.9 (0.63)

Family income10

Less than $35,000................................ 100.0 2.5 (0.21) 36.6 (0.72) 32.0 (0.65) 28.9 (0.70)

$35,000 or more ................................. 100.0 1.5 (0.18) 37.1 (0.56) 36.4 (0.54) 25.1 (0.50)

$35,000–$49,999 ............................... 100.0 1.8 (0.41) 34.2 (1.05) 35.3 (1.06) 28.7 (1.05)

$50,000–$74,999 ............................... 100.0 1.6 (0.27) 34.7 (1.03) 36.6 (1.03) 27.1 (0.92)

$75,000–$99,999 ............................... 100.0 0.9 (0.27) 35.4 (1.25) 38.3 (1.25) 25.3 (1.14)

$100,000 or more ............................... 100.0 1.5 (0.35) 43.3 (1.18) 35.4 (1.08) 19.8 (0.94)

Poverty status11

Poor ........................................ 100.0 2.9 (0.35) 36.7 (1.18) 31.1 (1.07) 29.3 (1.17)

Near poor ..................................... 100.0 2.0 (0.27) 33.1 (1.05) 34.9 (1.09) 29.9 (1.00)

Not poor ...................................... 100.0 1.6 (0.16) 37.7 (0.52) 35.9 (0.51) 24.9 (0.47)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.7 (0.17) 38.5 (0.57) 34.7 (0.54) 25.1 (0.53)

Medicaid .................................... 100.0 2.4 (0.48) 32.4 (1.44) 31.1 (1.53) 34.1 (1.50)

Other ...................................... 100.0 *1.2 (0.54) 33.4 (2.38) 32.9 (2.26) 32.5 (2.26)

Uninsured.................................... 100.0 1.7 (0.28) 35.8 (1.02) 34.6 (1.04) 27.8 (0.94)

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.6 (0.42) 36.5 (1.11) 38.2 (1.11) 22.8 (1.01)

Medicaid and Medicare ........................... 100.0 *2.4 (0.78) 36.6 (3.16) 36.5 (3.02) 24.6 (2.61)

Medicare only ................................. 100.0 2.7 (0.58) 38.6 (1.61) 37.3 (1.48) 21.4 (1.36)

Other ...................................... 100.0 *1.1 (0.53) 30.2 (3.37) 43.6 (3.54) 25.1 (2.98)

Uninsured.................................... 100.0 † *21.0 (8.32) 51.3 (11.40) *16.4 (5.94)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 86 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 31. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over1

Under- Healthy OverSelected characteristic Total weight weight weight Obese

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married....................................... 100.0 1.4 (0.14) 34.9 (0.60) 37.4 (0.57) 26.4 (0.53)

Widowed...................................... 100.0 *1.6 (0.64) 39.5 (5.06) 28.3 (3.77) 30.6 (4.65)

Divorced or separated ............................. 100.0 1.6 (0.26) 33.5 (1.06) 34.3 (0.96) 30.6 (1.03)

Never married .................................. 100.0 3.8 (0.60) 41.0 (1.10) 30.9 (1.02) 24.3 (1.02)

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 *0.9 (0.26) 38.0 (1.90) 33.7 (1.89) 27.4 (1.63)

Place of residence13

Large MSA .................................... 100.0 2.0 (0.18) 38.8 (0.56) 35.1 (0.55) 24.1 (0.54)

Small MSA .................................... 100.0 2.0 (0.25) 36.4 (0.76) 35.0 (0.75) 26.7 (0.70)

Not in MSA .................................... 100.0 1.4 (0.23) 33.3 (1.00) 35.1 (0.92) 30.2 (1.03)

Region

Northeast ..................................... 100.0 2.4 (0.39) 39.5 (1.16) 34.5 (1.02) 23.6 (0.98)

Midwest ...................................... 100.0 1.7 (0.24) 36.0 (0.85) 35.9 (0.88) 26.5 (0.85)

South........................................ 100.0 2.0 (0.20) 35.3 (0.63) 34.5 (0.62) 28.2 (0.66)

West ........................................ 100.0 1.6 (0.24) 39.7 (0.91) 35.5 (0.84) 23.2 (0.75)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 100.0 *0.9 (0.29) 26.4 (1.44) 45.6 (1.71) 27.1 (1.50)

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 100.0 2.0 (0.44) 35.6 (1.25) 34.6 (1.29) 27.8 (1.23)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 100.0 0.9 (0.16) 30.5 (0.76) 42.5 (0.79) 26.1 (0.66)

White, single race, female.......................... 100.0 2.8 (0.24) 47.2 (0.75) 26.6 (0.64) 23.4 (0.66)

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 100.0 *1.7 (0.53) 27.7 (1.49) 39.6 (1.64) 31.0 (1.59)

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 100.0 1.8 (0.34) 28.2 (1.11) 30.7 (1.20) 39.3 (1.32)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.
 

1Body mass index (BMI) is calculated from the information respondents supplied in response to the questions in the survey regarding height and weight. For both men and women, underweight is
 

indicated by a BMI under 18.5; healthy weight is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 18.5 and less than 25.0; overweight is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 25.0 and less than 30.0;
 

obesity is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 30.0. Analysts should note self-reported height and weight may differ from actual measurements.
 

2Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over.

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XVIII in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 87

Table 32. Frequency distributions of having a usual place of health care among persons 18 years of age and over, and of type of place

among those persons 18 years of age and over with a usual place of health care, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Type of place1

Hospital

All persons All persons All persons emergency

18 years without a with a Doctor’s Clinic or room or Some

of age usual place usual place office health outpatient other

Selected characteristic and over of care of care or HMO2 center department place

Number in thousands3

Total4................................. 223,181 33,176 186,998 146,381 33,003 4,219 1,596

Sex

Male ................................. 107,750 20,893 85,251 66,357 14,547 2,405 916

Female ............................... 115,431 12,283 101,746 80,024 18,456 1,814 681

Age

18–44 years ............................ 110,890 23,933 85,423 64,195 16,824 2,220 955

45–64 years ............................ 76,136 7,953 67,217 53,713 11,226 1,401 445

65–74 years ............................ 19,258 843 18,114 14,892 2,723 262 133

75 years and over......................... 16,897 446 16,244 13,580 2,230 336 *63

Race

1 race5

................................ 220,175 32,740 184,459 144,744 32,270 4,094 1,558

White ............................... 180,815 26,617 151,820 121,053 25,708 2,467 1,360

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,366 3,961 21,981 16,457 3,849 1,232 129

American Indian or Alaska Native .............. 2,222 556 1,642 432 *984 † †

Asian ............................... 10,437 1,562 8,754 6,593 1,677 226 *64

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ......... 335 † 262 *208 † † –

2 or more races6 ......................... 3,006 436 2,538 1,637 733 126 †

Black or African American, white .............. 378 *78 295 215 *50 *30 –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white.......... 1,578 204 1,358 788 474 *58 †

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino ......................... 29,857 8,515 20,890 13,329 6,341 768 162

Mexican or Mexican American ................ 18,309 6,163 11,922 6,989 4,259 380 *106

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... 193,324 24,661 166,108 133,052 26,662 3,451 1,434

White, single race ....................... 153,359 18,838 132,592 108,558 20,013 1,770 1,206

Black or African American, single race ........... 25,574 3,697 21,453 16,139 3,706 1,191 121

Education8

Less than a high school diploma ................ 29,790 5,806 23,556 15,813 6,367 1,030 116

High school diploma or GED9

.................. 55,363 7,821 46,745 37,083 8,002 1,001 244

Some college............................ 50,281 6,138 43,538 34,654 7,214 901 384

Bachelor’s degree or higher................... 56,971 5,495 50,766 43,114 6,303 565 454

Family income10

Less than $35,000 ........................ 69,738 14,728 54,114 36,520 13,962 2,264 612

$35,000 or more.......................... 130,163 15,723 113,087 92,901 16,827 1,606 837

$35,000–$49,999 ........................ 30,247 5,256 24,617 18,717 4,710 614 256

$50,000–$74,999 ........................ 37,717 5,288 31,986 25,551 5,345 548 259

$75,000–$99,999 ........................ 24,193 2,347 21,650 17,933 3,234 188 *196

$100,000 or more........................ 38,006 2,832 34,834 30,700 3,539 256 125

Poverty status11

Poor ................................. 23,083 5,397 17,447 10,022 5,979 977 147

Near poor .............................. 31,110 7,276 23,467 16,077 5,819 998 356

Not poor............................... 139,879 16,412 121,924 100,578 17,727 1,723 899

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private .............................. 127,870 11,830 114,367 96,674 15,000 1,027 773

Medicaid ............................. 14,440 1,419 12,875 7,588 4,542 646 †

Other ............................... 6,933 520 6,329 3,706 1,862 561 135

Uninsured ............................ 36,974 18,002 18,498 9,613 6,451 1,383 451

Age 65 years and over:

Private .............................. 20,872 533 20,135 17,211 2,667 131 *66

Medicaid and Medicare .................... 2,238 158 2,043 1,488 432 117 –

Medicare only .......................... 10,166 430 9,517 8,092 1,216 *101 *49

Other ............................... 2,612 *66 2,502 1,617 560 238 *74

Uninsured ............................ 223 96 126 *34 *79 † †

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 88 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 32. Frequency distributions of having a usual place of health care among persons 18 years of age and over, and of type of place

among those persons 18 years of age and over with a usual place of health care, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Type of place1

Hospital

All persons All persons All persons emergency

18 years without a with a Doctor’s Clinic or room or Some

of age usual place usual place office health outpatient other

Selected characteristic and over of care of care or HMO2 center department place

Marital status Number in thousands3

Married ............................... 124,214 13,378 109,530 89,034 17,341 1,674 673

Widowed .............................. 14,080 767 13,057 10,627 1,954 278 *94

Divorced or separated ...................... 24,008 3,839 19,775 14,860 3,846 748 167

Never married ........................... 45,472 10,745 33,938 24,361 7,391 1,129 536

Living with a partner ....................... 14,619 4,342 10,067 6,977 2,393 376 *125

Place of residence13

Large MSA ............................. 111,359 16,550 92,946 74,976 13,755 2,449 721

Small MSA ............................. 73,818 11,837 61,223 48,224 10,793 1,122 664

Not in MSA ............................. 38,004 4,789 32,828 23,181 8,455 649 *211

Region

Northeast .............................. 38,209 3,889 33,690 28,677 3,707 797 184

Midwest ............................... 53,802 7,233 45,833 32,781 11,401 1,017 352

South ................................ 81,850 13,956 66,757 55,486 8,098 1,605 654

West ................................. 49,320 8,097 40,716 29,437 9,798 800 405

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 15,375 5,646 9,503 6,310 2,518 406 *71

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 14,482 2,869 11,387 7,019 3,824 362 *91

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 73,878 11,866 60,981 49,220 9,400 1,031 694

White, single race, female .................. 79,480 6,972 71,611 59,338 10,613 739 512

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 11,482 2,136 9,109 6,872 1,271 732 *83

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 14,092 1,561 12,344 9,267 2,435 459 *38

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked, ‘‘Is there a place that you usually go to when you are sick or need advice about your health,’’ and if there was at least one

such place, then a followup question was asked: ‘‘What kind of place [is it/do you go to most often]—a clinic, a doctor’s office, an emergency room, or some other place?’’ The choices for this second

question are: ‘‘Clinic or health center,’’ ‘‘Doctor’s office or HMO,’’ ‘‘Hospital emergency room,’’ ‘‘Hospital outpatient department,’’ ‘‘Some other place,’’ or ‘‘Doesn’t go to one place most often.’’ For this
 

table, ‘‘Hospital emergency room’’ and ‘‘Hospital outpatient department’’ are combined as well as ‘‘Some other place’’ and ‘‘Doesn’t go to one place most often.’’
 

2HMO is health maintenance organization.
 

3Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequency distributions (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ and ‘‘All persons with a usual place of
 

care’’ columns. Numbers may not add to totals because of rounding.
 

4Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
ributions (with standard errors) of having a usual place of health care among persons 18 years of age and over, and of type of place among

over with a usual place of health care, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Type of place1

Hospital

Total Total emergency

without a with a Doctor’s Clinic or room or Some

usual place usual place office or health outpatient other

tic Total of care of care Total HMO2 center department place

Percent distribution3 (standard error)

................ 100.0 15.4 (0.35) 84.6 (0.35) 100.0 78.7 (0.51) 18.1 (0.48) 2.3 (0.14) 0.9 (0.09)

................ 100.0 15.1 (0.35) 84.9 (0.35) 100.0 79.0 (0.50) 17.8 (0.48) 2.3 (0.14) 0.9 (0.09)

................ 100.0 19.7 (0.54) 80.3 (0.54) 100.0 78.5 (0.66) 17.4 (0.61) 2.9 (0.23) 1.1 (0.14)
 

................ 100.0 11.2 (0.37) 88.8 (0.37) 100.0 78.8 (0.59) 18.7 (0.58) 1.8 (0.15) 0.7 (0.12)
 

................ 100.0 21.9 (0.57) 78.1 (0.57) 100.0 76.2 (0.67) 20.0 (0.63) 2.6 (0.22) 1.1 (0.15)
 

................ 100.0 10.6 (0.43) 89.4 (0.43) 100.0 80.4 (0.63) 16.8 (0.59) 2.1 (0.19) 0.7 (0.12)
 

................ 100.0 4.4 (0.50) 95.6 (0.50) 100.0 82.7 (1.05) 15.1 (1.03) 1.5 (0.25) 0.7 (0.21)
 

................ 100.0 2.7 (0.42) 97.3 (0.42) 100.0 83.8 (1.20) 13.8 (1.14) 2.1 (0.39) *0.4 (0.16)
 

................ 100.0 15.4 (0.35) 84.6 (0.35) 100.0 78.9 (0.51) 17.9 (0.49) 2.3 (0.14) 0.9 (0.09)
 

................ 100.0 15.5 (0.39) 84.5 (0.39) 100.0 79.9 (0.53) 17.4 (0.51) 1.7 (0.13) 1.0 (0.11)
 

................ 100.0 14.5 (0.78) 85.5 (0.78) 100.0 76.2 (1.05) 17.7 (0.96) 5.5 (0.49) 0.6 (0.13)
 

................ 100.0 23.9 (4.87) 76.1 (4.87) 100.0 27.3 (6.28) 62.5 (7.80) † †
 

................ 100.0 14.2 (1.10) 85.8 (1.10) 100.0 77.3 (1.82) 19.3 (1.73) 2.7 (0.61) *0.7 (0.26)
 

................ 100.0 *14.7 (6.89) 85.3 (6.89) 100.0 80.6 (9.33) *18.6 (9.29) † –
 

................ 100.0 13.6 (2.17) 86.4 (2.17) 100.0 63.9 (3.41) 29.6 (3.25) 5.1 (1.24) †
 

................ 100.0 14.5 (4.16) 85.5 (4.16) 100.0 73.0 (6.64) *15.0 (5.96) *12.0 (4.85) –
 

................ 100.0 12.9 (3.60) 87.1 (3.60) 100.0 56.7 (5.04) 36.3 (4.82) *4.5 (1.95) †
 

and race
 

................ 100.0 25.6 (0.94) 74.4 (0.94) 100.0 65.8 (1.31) 29.6 (1.27) 3.8 (0.44) 0.8 (0.20)
 

................ 100.0 29.6 (1.27) 70.4 (1.27) 100.0 60.9 (1.75) 34.8 (1.71) 3.3 (0.57) *1.1 (0.36)
 

................ 100.0 13.5 (0.37) 86.5 (0.37) 100.0 80.5 (0.53) 16.4 (0.51) 2.2 (0.15) 0.9 (0.10)
 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 13.4 (0.43) 86.6 (0.43) 100.0 82.2 (0.56) 15.4 (0.54) 1.4 (0.14) 1.0 (0.13)
 

................ 100.0 14.0 (0.78) 86.0 (0.78) 100.0 76.5 (1.05) 17.5 (0.97) 5.5 (0.49) 0.6 (0.14)
 

................ 100.0 22.6 (0.94) 77.4 (0.94) 100.0 64.9 (1.30) 29.7 (1.28) 4.9 (0.58) *0.5 (0.17)
 

................ 100.0 15.4 (0.69) 84.6 (0.69) 100.0 79.4 (0.87) 17.8 (0.85) 2.3 (0.26) 0.5 (0.11)
 

................ 100.0 12.1 (0.56) 87.9 (0.56) 100.0 80.4 (0.73) 16.6 (0.69) 2.1 (0.23) 0.9 (0.17)
 

................ 100.0 9.4 (0.48) 90.6 (0.48) 100.0 85.5 (0.66) 12.5 (0.62) 1.1 (0.18) 0.9 (0.16)
 

................ 100.0 22.6 (0.65) 77.4 (0.65) 100.0 66.2 (0.97) 27.9 (0.94) 4.6 (0.36) 1.3 (0.22)
 

................ 100.0 12.0 (0.41) 88.0 (0.41) 100.0 82.8 (0.56) 15.0 (0.54) 1.5 (0.15) 0.7 (0.10)
 

................ 100.0 17.6 (0.88) 82.4 (0.88) 100.0 76.7 (1.09) 19.6 (1.02) 2.6 (0.42) 1.1 (0.24)
 ................ 100.0 13.6 (0.77) 86.4 (0.77) 100.0 80.6 (0.94) 16.8 (0.92) 1.8 (0.29) 0.8 (0.19)
 ................ 100.0 9.3 (0.77) 90.7 (0.77) 100.0 83.8 (1.06) 14.4 (0.98) 0.9 (0.26) *0.9 (0.28)
 

................ 100.0 7.8 (0.67) 92.2 (0.67) 100.0 88.6 (0.81) 10.1 (0.78) 0.8 (0.23) *0.4 (0.12)
 

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 89
ributions (with standard errors) of having a usual place of health care among persons 18 years of age and over, and of type of place among

over with a usual place of health care, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Type of place1

Hospital

Total Total emergency

without a with a Doctor’s Clinic or room or Some

usual place usual place office or health outpatient other

tic Total of care of care Total HMO2 center department place

Percent distribution3 (standard error)

................ 100.0 21.7 (1.03) 78.3 (1.03) 100.0 58.8 (1.68) 34.7 (1.65) 5.7 (0.58) 0.8 (0.20)

................ 100.0 23.4 (0.92) 76.6 (0.92) 100.0 68.5 (1.26) 25.6 (1.16) 4.4 (0.53) 1.6 (0.29)

................ 100.0 12.1 (0.40) 87.9 (0.40) 100.0 83.1 (0.52) 14.7 (0.50) 1.4 (0.13) 0.8 (0.10)

age13

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 9.9 (0.38) 90.1 (0.38) 100.0 85.0 (0.51) 13.4 (0.48) 0.9 (0.11) 0.7 (0.12)

................ 100.0 9.6 (1.08) 90.4 (1.08) 100.0 59.3 (1.64) 35.4 (1.61) 5.1 (0.73) †

................ 100.0 8.7 (1.52) 91.3 (1.52) 100.0 58.9 (2.49) 30.3 (2.39) 8.5 (1.37) *2.2 (0.71)

................ 100.0 48.3 (1.15) 51.7 (1.15) 100.0 53.8 (1.63) 36.0 (1.68) 7.7 (0.76) 2.5 (0.46)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.6 (0.39) 97.4 (0.39) 100.0 85.7 (1.01) 13.3 (0.99) 0.7 (0.19) *0.3 (0.13)

................ 100.0 7.2 (2.03) 92.8 (2.03) 100.0 73.0 (3.06) 21.2 (2.75) 5.8 (1.40) –

................ 100.0 4.3 (0.58) 95.7 (0.58) 100.0 85.6 (1.37) 12.9 (1.33) *1.1 (0.32) *0.5 (0.22)

................ 100.0 *2.6 (1.17) 97.4 (1.17) 100.0 65.0 (3.36) 22.3 (2.62) 9.7 (2.19) *3.0 (1.24)

................ 100.0 38.4 (10.91) 61.6 (10.91) 100.0 *24.4 (11.10) 51.2 (14.57) † †

................ 100.0 11.8 (0.40) 88.2 (0.40) 100.0 81.5 (0.57) 16.3 (0.55) 1.6 (0.16) 0.6 (0.10)
 

................ 100.0 19.7 (4.64) 80.3 (4.64) 100.0 72.4 (4.87) 24.9 (4.80) *2.3 (0.93) †
 

................ 100.0 16.7 (0.87) 83.3 (0.87) 100.0 75.7 (1.09) 19.6 (0.98) 3.7 (0.43) *1.0 (0.31)
 

................ 100.0 19.6 (0.79) 80.4 (0.79) 100.0 73.2 (1.13) 21.9 (1.08) 3.6 (0.40) 1.2 (0.21)
 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 25.3 (1.67) 74.7 (1.67) 100.0 72.1 (2.04) 23.7 (1.99) 3.0 (0.57) *1.2 (0.40)
 

4

................ 100.0 15.1 (0.45) 84.9 (0.45) 100.0 81.3 (0.52) 15.2 (0.47) 2.7 (0.19) 0.8 (0.12)

................ 100.0 16.4 (0.68) 83.6 (0.68) 100.0 78.9 (1.01) 18.0 (0.97) 1.9 (0.24) 1.1 (0.18)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 14.1 (0.93) 85.9 (0.93) 100.0 70.6 (1.68) 26.6 (1.71) 2.2 (0.46) 0.7 (0.18)

................ 100.0 10.8 (0.68) 89.2 (0.68) 100.0 85.6 (0.83) 11.4 (0.74) 2.4 (0.28) 0.6 (0.16)
 

................ 100.0 14.1 (0.76) 85.9 (0.76) 100.0 71.6 (1.13) 25.2 (1.09) 2.3 (0.26) 0.8 (0.17)
 

................ 100.0 17.5 (0.57) 82.5 (0.57) 100.0 83.9 (0.72) 12.5 (0.64) 2.5 (0.26) 1.0 (0.18)
 

................ 100.0 16.8 (0.78) 83.2 (0.78) 100.0 72.4 (1.31) 24.6 (1.32) 2.0 (0.31) 1.0 (0.18)
 

................ 100.0 32.7 (1.43) 67.3 (1.43) 100.0 68.8 (1.83) 26.2 (1.77) 4.2 (0.67) *0.7 (0.23)

................ 100.0 18.1 (0.99) 81.9 (0.99) 100.0 63.2 (1.55) 32.5 (1.50) 3.4 (0.53) *0.9 (0.33)

................ 100.0 17.1 (0.65) 82.9 (0.65) 100.0 81.3 (0.74) 15.7 (0.69) 1.8 (0.22) 1.2 (0.19)

................ 100.0 9.7 (0.46) 90.3 (0.46) 100.0 82.9 (0.66) 15.2 (0.64) 1.1 (0.17) 0.8 (0.18)

ale .............. 100.0 17.8 (1.30) 82.2 (1.30) 100.0 77.1 (1.58) 14.2 (1.38) 7.8 (0.91) *0.9 (0.27)

male ............. 100.0 10.9 (0.89) 89.1 (0.89) 100.0 76.1 (1.27) 19.9 (1.20) 3.7 (0.50) *0.3 (0.12)

Page 90[ Series 10, No. 240

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
he survey that asked, ‘‘Is there a place that you usually go to when you are sick or need advice about your health,’’ and if there was at least one such place, then a followup question was asked: ‘‘What
 

c, a doctor’s office, an emergency room, or some other place?’’ The choices for this second question are: ‘‘Clinic or health center,’’ ‘‘Doctor’s office or HMO,’’ ‘‘Hospital emergency room,’’ ‘‘Hospital outpatient
 

o one place most often.’’ For this table, ‘‘Hospital emergency room’’ and ‘‘Hospital outpatient department’’ are combined as well as ‘‘Some other place’’ and ‘‘Doesn’t go to one place most often.’’
 

e denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over.
 

chool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two age groups for persons under
 

e groups for persons age 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.

age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 91
Page 92 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 34. Frequency distributions of number of office visits to a doctor or other health care professional in the past 12 months among

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over None

Number of office visits in the past 12 months1

1 2–3 4–9 10 or more

Number in thousands2

Total3 ................................... 223,181 43,188 38,162 56,986 50,480 29,308

Sex

Male ...................................

Female ..................................

107,750

115,431

28,146

15,042

21,063

17,099

25,558

31,428

19,903

30,577

10,683

18,625

Age

18–44 years ...............................

45–64 years ...............................

65–74 years ...............................

75 years and over ...........................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

28,686

11,728

1,728

1,046

21,698

13,094

2,049

1,321

27,662

20,855

4,558

3,910

19,292

17,912

6,859

6,419

11,248

10,940

3,474

3,646

Race

1 race4 ..................................

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ................

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ...........

2 or more races5 ............................

Black or African American, white .................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

42,677

33,832

5,372

640

2,769

*64

511

*53

229

37,747

29,980

4,970

451

2,296

†

415

†

227

56,121

46,892

6,392

352

2,414

*71

866

131

408

49,839

41,901

5,672

443

1,733

†

642

*52

424

28,833

24,369

3,183

271

977

†

475

*105

237

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ...........................

Mexican or Mexican American ..................

Not Hispanic or Latino.........................

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race .............

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

9,840

6,769

33,348

24,754

5,133

5,501

3,341

32,661

25,038

4,807

6,346

3,593

50,640

40,997

6,233

4,937

2,817

45,544

37,310

5,535

2,620

1,461

26,688

22,009

3,096

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ..................

High school diploma or GED8 ....................

Some college ..............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher .....................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

7,381

11,231

8,257

7,901

4,215

9,263

8,152

10,728

6,182

13,334

13,125

16,721

6,773

12,599

12,058

13,808

4,421

7,607

7,639

6,828

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ...........................

$35,000 or more ............................

$35,000–$49,999 ..........................

$50,000–$74,999 ..........................

$75,000–$99,999 ..........................

$100,000 or more ..........................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

15,708

23,506

7,247

7,247

4,102

4,910

10,137

24,069

5,162

7,118

4,423

7,366

14,725

35,955

6,817

9,607

6,921

12,610

16,330

29,464

6,548

8,352

5,588

8,976

11,202

15,060

3,882

4,679

2,805

3,694

Poverty status10

Poor....................................

Near poor ................................

Not poor .................................

23,083

31,110

139,879

5,738

7,700

23,850

3,264

4,997

25,441

4,630

6,638

38,804

4,901

6,796

32,478

4,055

4,395

16,867

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid................................

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ...............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ......................

Medicare only ............................

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ...............................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

20,453

2,118

771

16,828

1,348

139

1,034

150

*97

25,210

1,667

1,018

6,796

2,016

202

948

162

*37

37,324

3,080

1,572

6,370

5,236

432

2,137

644

†

27,789

3,447

1,938

3,941

7,725

752

3,729

1,006

*46

14,588

3,775

1,467

2,284

4,034

628

1,844

581

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 93

Table 34. Frequency distributions of number of office visits to a doctor or other health care professional in the past 12 months among

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

All persons

18 years Number of office visits in the past 12 months1

of age

Selected characteristic and over None 1 2–3 4–9 10 or more

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married .................................. 124,214 20,154 21,609 34,804 29,505 15,956

Widowed ................................. 14,080 1,226 1,408 3,253 4,820 2,872

Divorced or separated......................... 24,008 4,709 3,676 5,365 5,608 3,971

Never married.............................. 45,472 12,584 8,864 10,402 7,973 4,358

Living with a partner .......................... 14,619 4,253 2,501 3,001 2,471 2,096

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................... 111,359 22,664 19,486 28,462 24,007 13,882

Small MSA................................ 73,818 13,904 12,390 19,278 17,146 9,626

Not in MSA ............................... 38,004 6,620 6,286 9,247 9,328 5,800

Region

Northeast ................................ 38,209 6,161 5,922 10,348 9,766 5,095

Midwest ................................. 53,802 9,733 9,825 14,273 11,506 7,178

South ................................... 81,850 16,626 13,338 20,217 19,077 10,772

West ................................... 49,320 10,668 9,077 12,148 10,131 6,262

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 15,375 6,785 3,195 2,747 1,607 745

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 14,482 3,055 2,307 3,599 3,330 1,874

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 73,878 16,113 13,910 18,781 15,255 8,276

White, single race, female ..................... 79,480 8,641 11,128 22,217 22,055 13,733

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 11,482 3,193 2,583 2,485 1,799 1,101

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 14,092 1,941 2,225 3,749 3,736 1,995

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘During the past 12 months, how many times have you seen a doctor or other health care professional about
 

your own health at a doctor’s office, a clinic, or some other place?’’ Respondents are instructed to exclude overnight hospitalizations, visits to hospital emergency rooms, home visits, dental visits, or
 

telephone calls.
 

2Unknowns for the column variables are not shown in the frequency distributions (see Appendix I). They are, however, included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics. Additionally, numbers within
 

selected characteristics may not add to totals because of rounding.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 94 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 35. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of number of office visits to a doctor or other health care professional in

the past 12 months among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Number of office visits in the past 12 months1

Selected characteristic Total None 1 2–3 4–9 10 or more

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (age adjusted) ......................... 100.0 20.1 (0.37) 17.5 (0.33) 26.0 (0.36) 23.1 (0.34) 13.4 (0.31)

Total3 (crude) .............................. 100.0 19.8 (0.38) 17.5 (0.33) 26.1 (0.36) 23.1 (0.35) 13.4 (0.31)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 26.7 (0.56) 19.8 (0.51) 24.1 (0.54) 19.2 (0.49) 10.3 (0.36)

Female .................................. 100.0 13.6 (0.42) 15.3 (0.40) 27.9 (0.47) 26.8 (0.48) 16.4 (0.42)

Age4

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 26.4 (0.60) 20.0 (0.48) 25.5 (0.52) 17.8 (0.47) 10.4 (0.36)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 15.7 (0.48) 17.6 (0.53) 28.0 (0.61) 24.0 (0.58) 14.7 (0.51)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 9.3 (0.78) 11.0 (0.71) 24.4 (1.02) 36.7 (1.16) 18.6 (0.92)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 6.4 (0.66) 8.1 (0.70) 23.9 (1.16) 39.3 (1.22) 22.3 (1.06)

Race

1 race5 .................................. 100.0 20.1 (0.38) 17.5 (0.33) 26.0 (0.37) 23.1 (0.34) 13.3 (0.31)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 19.7 (0.43) 17.0 (0.38) 26.4 (0.42) 23.3 (0.39) 13.6 (0.35)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 20.1 (0.84) 18.7 (0.84) 24.6 (0.93) 23.6 (0.85) 12.9 (0.65)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 26.7 (3.21) 20.9 (2.95) 16.3 (3.01) 21.2 (3.08) 14.9 (2.61)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 25.8 (1.53) 21.8 (1.52) 23.4 (1.36) 18.7 (1.27) 10.3 (1.13)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 *22.5 (9.98) † 25.1 (7.16) *27.6 (9.17) †

2 or more races6 ............................ 100.0 16.6 (2.39) 13.6 (2.46) 29.6 (2.93) 23.0 (3.06) 17.2 (2.49)

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 *11.2 (3.68) † 34.4 (7.37) *17.1 (5.91) 31.5 (7.28)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 15.9 (3.96) 15.2 (3.64) 27.0 (4.27) 25.7 (4.75) 16.1 (3.68)

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 30.5 (0.96) 18.0 (0.82) 22.1 (0.86) 18.8 (0.81) 10.6 (0.63)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 33.5 (1.21) 17.0 (0.91) 20.6 (1.05) 18.4 (1.06) 10.4 (0.82)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 18.2 (0.40) 17.5 (0.36) 26.7 (0.40) 23.7 (0.37) 13.9 (0.34)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 17.4 (0.47) 17.0 (0.42) 27.2 (0.47) 24.2 (0.45) 14.3 (0.40)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 19.9 (0.85) 18.7 (0.86) 24.8 (0.95) 23.7 (0.86) 12.9 (0.66)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 28.3 (0.97) 15.3 (0.80) 21.1 (0.82) 21.2 (0.80) 14.1 (0.75)

High school diploma or GED9 .................... 100.0 22.1 (0.73) 17.6 (0.66) 24.5 (0.71) 22.2 (0.63) 13.7 (0.60)

Some college .............................. 100.0 16.4 (0.60) 16.2 (0.60) 26.5 (0.73) 25.4 (0.71) 15.6 (0.60)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 13.8 (0.58) 18.3 (0.63) 29.5 (0.74) 25.6 (0.73) 12.9 (0.54)

Family income10

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 24.2 (0.65) 15.3 (0.50) 21.5 (0.55) 22.8 (0.54) 16.2 (0.49)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 18.1 (0.49) 18.2 (0.46) 27.8 (0.51) 23.7 (0.49) 12.2 (0.39)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 24.4 (1.03) 17.4 (0.82) 22.9 (0.84) 22.1 (0.85) 13.1 (0.73)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 19.0 (0.88) 18.6 (0.78) 25.7 (0.94) 23.7 (0.88) 13.1 (0.75)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 17.0 (1.08) 17.4 (1.01) 29.0 (1.24) 23.9 (1.17) 12.7 (0.86)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 13.1 (0.81) 18.5 (0.86) 33.6 (1.12) 24.5 (1.00) 10.2 (0.68)

Poverty status11

Poor.................................... 100.0 23.7 (1.06) 13.8 (0.81) 19.9 (0.84) 23.4 (0.95) 19.2 (0.94)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 24.8 (0.89) 16.4 (0.76) 21.8 (0.93) 22.3 (0.87) 14.7 (0.74)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 17.6 (0.48) 18.3 (0.45) 27.9 (0.48) 23.8 (0.45) 12.4 (0.37)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 16.9 (0.48) 20.4 (0.49) 29.6 (0.51) 21.7 (0.47) 11.4 (0.37)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 14.7 (1.09) 11.7 (0.98) 21.6 (1.25) 24.7 (1.41) 27.3 (1.34)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 12.8 (1.69) 17.0 (2.07) 23.2 (1.95) 28.2 (2.20) 18.9 (1.69)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 45.7 (1.02) 18.8 (0.81) 17.9 (0.78) 11.1 (0.58) 6.5 (0.50)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 6.6 (0.65) 9.9 (0.64) 25.7 (1.02) 38.0 (1.11) 19.9 (0.95)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 6.5 (1.60) 9.4 (1.96) 20.1 (2.45) 34.9 (3.23) 29.2 (2.92)

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 10.7 (1.03) 9.8 (1.02) 22.0 (1.44) 38.5 (1.67) 19.0 (1.32)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 5.9 (1.53) 6.2 (1.54) 25.6 (2.97) 39.2 (3.30) 23.0 (2.92)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 *34.4 (10.81) *21.9 (9.96) † *28.0 (11.42) †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 95

Table 35. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of number of office visits to a doctor or other health care professional in

the past 12 months among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Number of office visits in the past 12 months1

Selected characteristic Total None 1 2–3 4–9 10 or more

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 17.4 (0.46) 17.8 (0.46) 28.2 (0.54) 23.7 (0.49) 12.9 (0.40)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 20.6 (4.66) 10.8 (2.51) 20.3 (3.13) 28.6 (4.16) 19.7 (4.11)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 21.3 (0.94) 15.4 (0.86) 23.3 (0.95) 23.9 (0.98) 16.0 (0.77)

Never married.............................. 100.0 25.0 (1.02) 17.3 (0.74) 23.6 (0.95) 20.6 (0.94) 13.4 (0.83)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 25.4 (1.61) 16.5 (1.41) 19.5 (1.31) 22.4 (1.84) 16.1 (1.60)

Place of residence13

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 20.7 (0.52) 17.7 (0.48) 26.1 (0.52) 22.5 (0.46) 13.0 (0.43)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 19.4 (0.65) 17.1 (0.53) 26.5 (0.66) 23.7 (0.62) 13.3 (0.53)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 19.3 (0.99) 17.3 (0.92) 24.9 (0.95) 23.6 (0.87) 14.9 (0.80)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 16.9 (0.89) 16.1 (0.89) 27.8 (0.93) 25.7 (0.87) 13.5 (0.73)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 18.9 (0.78) 18.7 (0.71) 27.1 (0.71) 21.8 (0.71) 13.5 (0.72)

South ................................... 100.0 20.9 (0.62) 16.6 (0.52) 25.1 (0.61) 23.9 (0.55) 13.5 (0.45)

West ................................... 100.0 22.2 (0.79) 18.8 (0.67) 25.0 (0.77) 21.1 (0.66) 12.9 (0.67)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 40.1 (1.56) 20.3 (1.30) 19.4 (1.30) 13.2 (1.07) 7.1 (0.80)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 20.3 (1.05) 15.6 (0.97) 25.1 (1.18) 24.7 (1.11) 14.3 (0.94)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 23.2 (0.69) 19.4 (0.65) 25.7 (0.70) 20.5 (0.64) 11.2 (0.48)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 11.6 (0.55) 14.6 (0.52) 28.8 (0.62) 27.7 (0.62) 17.3 (0.54)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 27.0 (1.50) 22.0 (1.46) 22.0 (1.44) 18.2 (1.36) 10.8 (0.95)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 13.8 (0.98) 15.9 (0.92) 27.2 (1.20) 28.3 (1.18) 14.8 (0.89)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘During the past 12 months, how many times have you seen a doctor or other health care professional about
 

your own health at a doctor’s office, a clinic, or some other place?’’ Respondents are instructed to exclude overnight hospitalizations, visits to hospital emergency rooms, home visits, dental visits, or
 

telephone calls.
 

2Unknowns for the column variables are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages. Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics. Additionally, percentages may
 

not add to totals because of rounding.
 

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over.

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XX in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 96 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 36. Frequency distributions of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other health care professional among persons 18

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Length of time since last contact1

All

persons More than More than More than More than

18 years 6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

of age 6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic and over or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Number in thousands2

Total3................................. 223,181 146,300 33,399 17,279 10,858 6,084 4,421

Sex

Male ................................. 107,750 62,587 17,229 10,534 7,400 4,557 2,926

Female ............................... 115,431 83,713 16,170 6,745 3,458 1,526 1,495

Age

18–44 years ............................ 110,890 63,586 19,631 11,347 7,318 3,679 2,738

45–64 years ............................ 76,136 52,617 10,829 4,883 3,067 1,930 1,273

65–74 years ............................ 19,258 15,713 1,676 572 282 343 225

75 years and over......................... 16,897 14,383 1,263 477 191 132 *186

Race

1 race4

................................ 220,175 144,292 32,954 17,089 10,686 5,998 4,386

White ............................... 180,815 120,603 26,190 13,449 8,635 4,965 3,269

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,366 16,697 4,463 2,260 1,098 553 611

American Indian or Alaska Native .............. 2,222 1,281 192 196 228 *149 *121

Asian ............................... 10,437 5,544 2,017 1,160 721 331 384

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ......... 335 *167 † † † – –

2 or more races5 ......................... 3,006 2,008 446 190 *172 *86 †

Black or African American, white .............. 378 263 † † *22 † –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white.......... 1,578 1,113 231 *88 † † †

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ......................... 29,857 15,754 4,437 3,337 2,582 1,467 1,621

Mexican or Mexican American ................ 18,309 9,060 2,568 2,168 1,860 1,224 1,052

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... 193,324 130,545 28,962 13,943 8,276 4,616 2,801

White, single race ....................... 153,359 106,240 22,026 10,385 6,276 3,579 1,770

Black or African American, single race ........... 25,574 16,235 4,368 2,198 1,026 510 563

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ................ 29,790 18,614 3,795 2,449 1,840 1,493 937

High school diploma or GED8

.................. 55,363 36,372 7,503 4,192 3,021 1,819 1,134

Some college............................ 50,281 34,744 7,044 3,800 2,109 1,079 635

Bachelor’s degree or higher................... 56,971 39,582 9,370 3,362 2,009 869 833

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................ 69,738 44,690 9,430 5,380 4,394 2,788 1,652

$35,000 or more.......................... 130,163 86,452 20,657 10,063 5,599 2,841 2,387

$35,000–$49,999 ........................ 30,247 18,645 4,648 2,779 1,727 1,084 732

$50,000–$74,999 ........................ 37,717 24,340 6,081 3,298 1,719 940 624

$75,000–$99,999 ........................ 24,193 16,268 3,781 1,793 1,050 398 554

$100,000 or more........................ 38,006 27,200 6,148 2,193 1,103 418 478

Poverty status10

Poor ................................. 23,083 14,406 3,017 1,989 1,595 939 741

Near poor .............................. 31,110 18,913 4,694 2,645 1,929 1,536 886

Not poor............................... 139,879 94,344 21,917 10,117 6,052 2,865 2,139

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private .............................. 127,870 85,143 22,025 9,323 4,823 2,081 1,759

Medicaid ............................. 14,440 10,950 1,455 875 281 245 391

Other ............................... 6,933 5,321 752 411 149 *66 *98

Uninsured ............................ 36,974 14,410 6,177 5,506 5,103 3,131 1,753

Age 65 years and over:

Private .............................. 20,872 17,807 1,637 551 241 206 *132

Medicaid and Medicare .................... 2,238 1,950 95 *33 *61 † †

Medicare only .......................... 10,166 7,980 1,002 357 136 176 224

Other ............................... 2,612 2,230 175 *79 † † †

Uninsured ............................ 223 *99 † † *26 *37 †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 97

Table 36. Frequency distributions of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other health care professional among persons 18

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Length of time since last contact1

All

persons More than More than More than More than

18 years 6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

of age 6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic and over or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married ............................... 124,214 84,744 19,123 8,323 4,848 2,664 2,441

Widowed .............................. 14,080 11,408 1,337 456 289 200 80

Divorced or separated ...................... 24,008 16,037 2,961 1,722 1,441 800 412

Never married ........................... 45,472 25,465 7,571 5,240 3,008 1,738 1,138

Living with a partner ....................... 14,619 8,294 2,280 1,483 1,251 631 290

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................. 111,359 71,860 16,490 8,866 5,566 2,827 2,848

Small MSA ............................. 73,818 48,530 11,598 5,715 3,349 2,107 1,130

Not in MSA ............................. 38,004 25,909 5,312 2,698 1,943 1,150 444

Region

Northeast .............................. 38,209 26,531 5,254 2,519 1,087 749 1,227

Midwest ............................... 53,802 35,387 8,612 3,750 2,859 1,394 492

South ................................ 81,850 53,278 12,175 6,533 4,229 2,341 1,558

West ................................. 49,320 31,105 7,359 4,476 2,683 1,599 1,144

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ..................... 15,375 6,299 2,432 2,019 1,918 1,255 1,094

Hispanic or Latina, female .................... 14,482 9,455 2,005 1,317 664 212 527

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male.................... 73,878 46,562 11,363 6,524 4,122 2,620 1,106

White, single race, female .................. 79,480 59,679 10,663 3,861 2,154 959 664

Black or African American, single race, male ....... 11,482 6,176 2,175 1,303 719 356 432

Black or African American, single race, female ...... 14,092 10,059 2,193 895 307 153 131

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘About how long has it been since you saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own
 

health?’’ These contacts may include office visits, hospital visits, home visits, and phone calls (but not calls made for arranging appointments).
 

2Unknowns for the column variables are not shown in the frequency distributions (see Appendix I).
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics. Additionally, numbers within
 

selected characteristics may not add to totals because of rounding.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 98 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 37. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other health care

professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Length of time since last contact1

More than More than More than More than

6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic Total or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (age adjusted) ......................... 100.0 66.7 (0.40) 15.4 (0.31) 8.0 (0.23) 5.0 (0.21) 2.8 (0.14) 2.0 (0.15)

Total3 (crude) .............................. 100.0 67.0 (0.41) 15.3 (0.31) 7.9 (0.23) 5.0 (0.21) 2.8 (0.14) 2.0 (0.14)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 59.7 (0.58) 16.2 (0.46) 10.0 (0.38) 7.0 (0.33) 4.3 (0.25) 2.8 (0.23)

Female .................................. 100.0 73.6 (0.51) 14.6 (0.41) 6.1 (0.27) 3.1 (0.21) 1.3 (0.13) 1.3 (0.14)

Age4

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 58.7 (0.63) 18.1 (0.47) 10.5 (0.38) 6.8 (0.37) 3.4 (0.23) 2.5 (0.21)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 70.5 (0.62) 14.5 (0.50) 6.5 (0.32) 4.1 (0.26) 2.6 (0.21) 1.7 (0.19)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 83.5 (0.98) 8.9 (0.74) 3.0 (0.45) 1.5 (0.27) 1.8 (0.33) 1.2 (0.34)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 86.5 (0.93) 7.6 (0.70) 2.9 (0.42) 1.2 (0.30) 0.8 (0.19) *1.1 (0.38)

Race

1 race5 .................................. 100.0 66.7 (0.40) 15.4 (0.31) 8.0 (0.23) 5.0 (0.22) 2.8 (0.14) 2.1 (0.15)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 67.4 (0.45) 15.0 (0.36) 7.8 (0.27) 5.0 (0.25) 2.9 (0.16) 1.9 (0.16)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 66.5 (0.97) 16.7 (0.81) 8.4 (0.57) 4.1 (0.39) 2.1 (0.29) 2.3 (0.34)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 62.4 (3.42) 8.8 (1.95) 8.2 (2.08) 9.4 (2.17) *6.1 (2.51) *5.0 (1.70)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 56.5 (1.92) 19.2 (1.47) 10.8 (1.12) 6.7 (0.82) 3.1 (0.57) 3.7 (0.74)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 56.7 (11.36) *32.7 (14.47) † † – –

2 or more races6 ............................ 100.0 70.8 (2.63) 13.9 (2.18) 5.9 (1.51) *5.3 (1.89) *2.9 (1.00) †

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 76.8 (5.89) † *5.5 (2.68) *6.9 (3.34) † –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 72.0 (4.18) 14.4 (3.45) *5.4 (2.44) † † †

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 57.6 (0.92) 14.4 (0.74) 10.6 (0.61) 7.9 (0.53) 4.5 (0.40) 5.0 (0.49)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 55.9 (1.14) 13.2 (0.84) 11.1 (0.75) 9.2 (0.79) 6.0 (0.59) 4.7 (0.58)

Not Hispanic or Latino: 100.0 68.3 (0.44) 15.6 (0.35) 7.6 (0.25) 4.5 (0.22) 2.5 (0.15) 1.5 (0.13)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 69.6 (0.51) 15.1 (0.41) 7.3 (0.29) 4.4 (0.26) 2.5 (0.18) 1.2 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 66.5 (1.00) 16.9 (0.83) 8.5 (0.58) 3.9 (0.38) 2.0 (0.26) 2.2 (0.34)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 60.6 (1.05) 13.8 (0.75) 9.4 (0.64) 7.1 (0.58) 5.7 (0.56) 3.5 (0.38)

High school diploma or GED9 .................... 100.0 65.7 (0.77) 14.3 (0.57) 8.3 (0.49) 6.0 (0.46) 3.5 (0.32) 2.2 (0.32)

Some college .............................. 100.0 71.0 (0.72) 14.0 (0.54) 7.5 (0.44) 4.1 (0.31) 2.1 (0.23) 1.2 (0.18)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 71.3 (0.69) 16.3 (0.59) 6.0 (0.37) 3.4 (0.38) 1.5 (0.19) 1.5 (0.24)

Family income10

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 63.8 (0.70) 14.3 (0.49) 8.3 (0.38) 6.8 (0.32) 4.3 (0.28) 2.5 (0.25)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 68.1 (0.53) 15.8 (0.41) 7.8 (0.31) 4.2 (0.30) 2.2 (0.18) 1.9 (0.19)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 62.9 (1.08) 15.7 (0.81) 9.4 (0.65) 5.8 (0.71) 3.7 (0.45) 2.5 (0.34)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 66.8 (0.98) 16.0 (0.75) 8.7 (0.63) 4.5 (0.49) 2.4 (0.33) 1.7 (0.26)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 69.1 (1.22) 15.3 (0.90) 7.4 (0.70) 4.1 (0.50) 1.6 (0.36) 2.5 (0.55)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 72.6 (0.95) 16.2 (0.84) 5.7 (0.54) 3.1 (0.42) 1.2 (0.25) 1.3 (0.29)

Poverty status11

Poor.................................... 100.0 65.7 (1.14) 12.4 (0.71) 8.2 (0.68) 6.6 (0.51) 4.0 (0.46) 3.1 (0.43)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 62.1 (1.04) 15.4 (0.82) 8.5 (0.58) 6.3 (0.49) 5.0 (0.46) 2.8 (0.39)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 68.6 (0.49) 15.9 (0.39) 7.5 (0.30) 4.4 (0.29) 2.1 (0.15) 1.6 (0.17)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 67.3 (0.53) 17.9 (0.44) 7.7 (0.32) 4.0 (0.25) 1.7 (0.14) 1.4 (0.16)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 77.5 (1.25) 10.1 (0.83) 6.1 (0.75) 1.9 (0.36) 1.7 (0.39) 2.7 (0.55)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 75.7 (2.33) 12.8 (1.76) 7.0 (1.43) *2.7 (0.92) *0.6 (0.25) *1.2 (0.42)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 40.5 (0.95) 16.8 (0.73) 15.1 (0.70) 14.0 (0.70) 8.7 (0.55) 4.8 (0.44)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 86.6 (0.84) 7.9 (0.64) 2.7 (0.43) 1.2 (0.27) 1.0 (0.23) *0.6 (0.24)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 89.4 (1.93) 4.4 (1.21) *1.5 (0.58) *2.8 (1.25) † †

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 80.8 (1.35) 10.1 (1.04) 3.6 (0.63) 1.4 (0.31) 1.8 (0.40) 2.3 (0.65)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 87.6 (2.22) 6.8 (1.60) *3.1 (1.29) † † †

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 49.7 (11.83) † † † *9.6 (4.11) †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 99

Table 37. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other health care

professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Length of time since last contact1

More than More than More than More than

6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic Total or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 68.4 (0.52) 15.9 (0.43) 7.2 (0.31) 4.2 (0.24) 2.3 (0.18) 2.1 (0.20)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 68.5 (4.76) 17.6 (3.69) † 1.6 (0.35) † †

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 67.4 (1.06) 13.1 (0.75) 7.6 (0.59) 6.9 (0.64) 3.2 (0.35) 1.9 (0.34)

Never married.............................. 100.0 62.7 (1.10) 14.7 (0.68) 10.5 (0.68) 5.6 (0.40) 4.3 (0.49) 2.1 (0.29)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 62.8 (1.87) 14.2 (1.29) 9.9 (1.13) 7.3 (1.27) 4.2 (0.76) 1.6 (0.35)

Place of residence13

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 66.5 (0.56) 15.1 (0.42) 8.1 (0.30) 5.1 (0.32) 2.6 (0.17) 2.6 (0.23)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 66.8 (0.68) 16.0 (0.55) 8.0 (0.44) 4.7 (0.31) 2.9 (0.29) 1.6 (0.22)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 67.3 (1.10) 14.9 (0.85) 7.7 (0.56) 5.6 (0.54) 3.3 (0.44) 1.2 (0.29)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 70.5 (0.95) 14.3 (0.76) 6.9 (0.57) 3.0 (0.33) 1.9 (0.26) 3.4 (0.54)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 67.1 (0.87) 16.5 (0.73) 7.2 (0.41) 5.6 (0.59) 2.7 (0.32) 1.0 (0.21)

South ................................... 100.0 66.4 (0.66) 15.2 (0.51) 8.3 (0.38) 5.3 (0.34) 2.9 (0.23) 1.9 (0.21)

West ................................... 100.0 64.1 (0.79) 15.3 (0.54) 9.3 (0.54) 5.5 (0.37) 3.3 (0.31) 2.4 (0.30)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 47.4 (1.43) 15.5 (1.07) 12.5 (1.02) 10.8 (0.87) 7.2 (0.71) 6.5 (0.77)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 68.6 (1.20) 13.3 (0.90) 8.6 (0.70) 4.5 (0.62) 1.5 (0.31) 3.4 (0.51)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 63.4 (0.74) 15.9 (0.58) 9.4 (0.50) 5.9 (0.38) 3.7 (0.32) 1.6 (0.23)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 75.7 (0.66) 14.2 (0.53) 5.2 (0.35) 2.9 (0.27) 1.2 (0.16) 0.9 (0.15)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 57.7 (1.64) 18.5 (1.43) 11.1 (1.06) 6.1 (0.74) 3.0 (0.50) 3.7 (0.66)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 73.9 (1.18) 15.6 (0.92) 6.4 (0.58) 2.1 (0.34) 1.1 (0.25) 0.9 (0.28)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘About how long has it been since you saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own
 

health?’’ These contacts may include office visits, hospital visits, home visits, and phone calls (but not calls made for arranging appointments).
 

2Unknowns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74
 

years, and 75 years and over.
 

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two
 

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons age 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XXI in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 100 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 38. Frequency distributions of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other dental health professional among persons 18

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Length of time since last contact1

All persons More than More than More than More than

18 years 6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

of age 6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic and over or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Number in thousands2

Total3 ................................... 223,181 96,862 37,755 28,280 24,300 26,845 3,408

Sex

Male ................................... 107,750 43,251 18,099 14,144 12,704 14,484 2,238

Female .................................. 115,431 53,611 19,656 14,136 11,596 12,361 1,170

Age

18–44 years ............................... 110,890 44,177 21,631 16,156 13,299 10,373 2,532

45–64 years ............................... 76,136 37,598 11,031 8,707 7,594 8,721 672

65–74 years ............................... 19,258 8,318 2,631 1,996 1,941 3,570 142

75 years and over ........................... 16,897 6,769 2,462 1,421 1,466 4,181 *63

Race

1 race4 .................................. 220,175 95,826 37,223 27,866 23,919 26,309 3,406

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,815 82,049 29,840 21,714 19,166 21,240 2,401

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,366 8,554 5,060 4,270 3,442 3,677 531

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 2,222 684 298 318 305 437 *127

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,437 4,395 1,980 1,483 1,000 952 348

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 335 144 † † † † –

2 or more races5 ............................ 3,006 1,036 532 414 381 536 †

Black or African American, white ................. 378 110 *108 *75 † *57 –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 1,578 459 *286 189 261 320 –

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 29,857 8,754 5,476 4,963 4,126 4,170 1,674

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 18,309 4,598 3,094 3,102 2,869 3,035 1,199

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 193,324 88,108 32,279 23,317 20,173 22,676 1,735

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,359 74,055 24,749 17,153 15,326 17,457 860

Black or African American, single race ............. 25,574 8,236 4,959 4,146 3,357 3,607 447

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .................. 29,790 6,968 3,938 4,242 4,651 8,193 921

High school diploma or GED8 .................... 55,363 20,676 9,128 7,360 7,029 8,740 766

Some college .............................. 50,281 23,133 8,792 6,703 5,298 5,094 309

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 56,971 34,384 9,307 5,609 3,750 2,498 398

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................... 69,738 20,264 11,268 9,803 10,482 14,420 1,610

$35,000 or more ............................ 130,163 65,985 22,558 15,933 11,701 10,211 1,453

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 30,247 11,478 5,322 4,178 4,090 3,939 579

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 37,717 16,654 6,894 5,610 3,837 3,518 449

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 24,193 13,119 4,164 2,968 1,894 1,470 *220

$100,000 or more .......................... 38,006 24,735 6,178 3,177 1,881 1,284 *205

Poverty status10

Poor.................................... 23,083 6,378 3,598 3,314 3,592 4,824 828

Near poor ................................ 31,110 8,476 5,396 4,580 4,925 6,374 730

Not poor ................................. 139,879 71,427 23,799 16,819 12,750 11,405 1,121

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,870 67,599 23,080 15,449 10,331 7,542 1,111

Medicaid................................ 14,440 4,384 2,638 2,160 1,882 2,584 396

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,933 2,676 1,124 915 923 1,074 *34

Uninsured ............................... 36,974 6,881 5,679 6,239 7,699 7,810 1,630

Age 65 years and over:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,872 10,342 2,907 1,782 1,544 3,665 *64

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 2,238 467 278 303 285 790 *30

Medicare only ............................ 10,166 3,131 1,504 1,053 1,215 2,747 *76

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,612 1,077 383 254 309 479 †

Uninsured ............................... 223 *48 † † *54 *64 †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 101

Table 38. Frequency distributions of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other dental health professional among persons 18

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Length of time since last contact1

All persons More than More than More than More than

18 years 6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

of age 6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic and over or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married .................................. 124,214 60,115 20,413 14,624 11,717 12,871 1,873

Widowed ................................. 14,080 4,746 2,029 1,588 1,607 3,525 106

Divorced or separated......................... 24,008 9,072 4,095 2,980 3,070 3,790 249

Never married.............................. 45,472 17,948 8,559 6,664 5,666 4,332 916

Living with a partner .......................... 14,619 4,767 2,519 2,375 2,189 2,201 238

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................... 111,359 49,795 19,537 14,265 11,426 11,022 2,230

Small MSA................................ 73,818 32,491 12,029 9,305 7,917 9,520 754

Not in MSA ............................... 38,004 14,575 6,190 4,710 4,957 6,303 425

Region

Northeast ................................ 38,209 18,861 6,581 3,999 3,376 3,758 733

Midwest ................................. 53,802 24,385 8,896 6,248 5,533 6,691 407

South ................................... 81,850 31,712 14,011 11,218 10,060 11,189 1,398

West ................................... 49,320 21,903 8,268 6,815 5,331 5,207 870

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 15,375 4,057 2,713 2,499 2,170 2,510 1,105

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 14,482 4,697 2,763 2,464 1,956 1,659 569

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 73,878 33,278 12,025 8,488 8,309 9,270 625

White, single race, female ..................... 79,480 40,777 12,724 8,665 7,017 8,187 234

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 11,482 3,431 2,096 2,100 1,501 1,717 271

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 14,092 4,806 2,863 2,046 1,856 1,889 176

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘About how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist?’’ Respondents are instructed to include all

types of dentists, such as orthodontists, oral surgeons, and all other dental specialists, as well as dental hygienists.

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequency distributions (see Appendix I) but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. Numbers may not add to totals

due to rounding.

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 102 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 39. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other dental health

professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Length of time since last contact1

More than More than More than More than

6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic Total or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (age adjusted) ......................... 100.0 44.1 (0.48) 17.5 (0.33) 13.1 (0.29) 11.2 (0.28) 12.4 (0.28) 1.6 (0.13)

Total3 (crude) .............................. 100.0 44.5 (0.47) 17.4 (0.33) 13.0 (0.28) 11.2 (0.28) 12.3 (0.28) 1.6 (0.12)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 40.8 (0.65) 17.3 (0.44) 13.4 (0.42) 12.1 (0.41) 14.1 (0.42) 2.2 (0.20)

Female .................................. 100.0 47.4 (0.60) 17.7 (0.45) 12.7 (0.38) 10.3 (0.34) 10.8 (0.34) 1.1 (0.11)

Age4

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 40.8 (0.66) 20.0 (0.48) 14.9 (0.44) 12.3 (0.40) 9.6 (0.36) 2.3 (0.20)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 50.6 (0.76) 14.8 (0.50) 11.7 (0.45) 10.2 (0.44) 11.7 (0.46) 0.9 (0.13)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 44.7 (1.24) 14.1 (0.89) 10.7 (0.75) 10.4 (0.77) 19.2 (1.01) 0.8 (0.20)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 41.4 (1.37) 15.0 (0.94) 8.7 (0.72) 9.0 (0.70) 25.6 (1.10) *0.4 (0.13)

Race

1 race5 .................................. 100.0 44.3 (0.48) 17.5 (0.33) 13.1 (0.29) 11.2 (0.28) 12.3 (0.28) 1.6 (0.13)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.0 (0.52) 17.1 (0.38) 12.5 (0.31) 11.0 (0.32) 11.9 (0.31) 1.4 (0.14)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 33.0 (1.02) 19.4 (0.77) 16.4 (0.82) 13.5 (0.67) 15.6 (0.75) 2.1 (0.31)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 31.5 (3.22) 13.3 (2.39) 14.3 (2.86) 14.5 (2.63) 20.3 (4.69) *6.1 (2.19)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.3 (1.80) 18.9 (1.33) 14.4 (1.28) 10.0 (1.18) 10.1 (1.08) 3.3 (0.68)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 55.8 (9.17) *18.7 (8.85) 21.7 (6.51) † † –

2 or more races6 ............................ 100.0 34.5 (3.10) 18.1 (3.18) 14.4 (2.20) 12.7 (1.82) 20.2 (2.58) †

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 32.3 (6.85) 25.9 (5.73) *16.0 (5.93) † *17.7 (5.97) –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 28.6 (4.49) 19.8 (5.02) 12.4 (2.85) 16.8 (2.88) 22.4 (3.44) –

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 30.6 (0.95) 18.6 (0.77) 16.9 (0.81) 13.7 (0.65) 15.1 (0.74) 5.1 (0.48)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 26.8 (1.16) 17.5 (0.98) 17.2 (1.02) 15.5 (0.89) 17.6 (0.98) 5.5 (0.59)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 46.3 (0.52) 17.5 (0.36) 12.6 (0.31) 10.8 (0.31) 11.8 (0.30) 1.0 (0.11)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 48.9 (0.59) 17.0 (0.43) 11.8 (0.34) 10.4 (0.36) 11.3 (0.34) 0.6 (0.12)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 32.8 (1.03) 19.6 (0.78) 16.5 (0.84) 13.6 (0.68) 15.8 (0.76) 1.8 (0.28)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 24.1 (0.95) 14.0 (0.71) 15.3 (0.77) 16.6 (0.85) 26.4 (0.90) 3.6 (0.40)

High school diploma or GED9 .................... 100.0 37.9 (0.86) 17.3 (0.65) 14.1 (0.66) 13.2 (0.57) 15.9 (0.62) 1.6 (0.22)

Some college .............................. 100.0 46.9 (0.82) 17.8 (0.65) 13.4 (0.58) 10.7 (0.49) 10.6 (0.51) 0.6 (0.12)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 61.4 (0.80) 16.6 (0.64) 9.9 (0.47) 6.7 (0.41) 4.7 (0.36) 0.7 (0.18)

Family income10

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 29.8 (0.78) 16.8 (0.54) 14.7 (0.48) 15.7 (0.49) 20.5 (0.55) 2.5 (0.24)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 51.3 (0.63) 17.8 (0.46) 12.3 (0.38) 9.2 (0.38) 8.3 (0.33) 1.1 (0.14)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 38.9 (1.04) 18.0 (0.85) 14.1 (0.74) 13.8 (0.85) 13.3 (0.75) 2.0 (0.32)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 45.8 (1.04) 18.5 (0.79) 14.6 (0.74) 10.2 (0.67) 9.7 (0.68) 1.2 (0.21)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 54.9 (1.47) 17.6 (1.06) 12.1 (0.85) 7.9 (0.80) 6.6 (0.80) *0.9 (0.31)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 64.9 (1.15) 17.0 (0.96) 8.6 (0.65) 4.9 (0.47) 4.1 (0.46) *0.7 (0.21)

Poverty status11

Poor.................................... 100.0 27.4 (1.34) 15.1 (0.72) 14.4 (0.83) 16.3 (0.83) 23.3 (0.96) 3.4 (0.48)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 27.9 (1.03) 17.5 (0.83) 14.9 (0.74) 16.3 (0.81) 21.1 (0.88) 2.4 (0.33)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 51.3 (0.59) 17.6 (0.43) 12.3 (0.36) 9.4 (0.34) 8.6 (0.29) 0.8 (0.12)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 53.3 (0.61) 18.9 (0.46) 12.6 (0.40) 8.3 (0.36) 5.9 (0.27) 0.9 (0.13)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 31.3 (1.37) 18.5 (1.24) 15.2 (1.16) 13.4 (0.99) 18.8 (1.35) 2.8 (0.59)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 41.2 (2.37) 18.5 (1.89) 13.0 (1.42) 13.5 (1.67) 13.3 (1.66) †

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 19.3 (0.77) 15.5 (0.73) 17.2 (0.77) 21.3 (0.79) 22.4 (0.86) 4.3 (0.42)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 50.9 (1.27) 14.3 (0.85) 8.8 (0.66) 7.6 (0.66) 18.1 (1.01) *0.3 (0.12)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 21.7 (2.76) 12.9 (2.34) 14.0 (2.36) 13.2 (2.08) 36.7 (3.14) *1.4 (0.51)

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 32.2 (1.55) 15.5 (1.36) 10.8 (0.95) 12.5 (1.05) 28.2 (1.49) *0.8 (0.30)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 42.9 (3.12) 15.0 (2.23) 10.1 (2.00) 12.5 (2.18) 19.1 (2.57) †

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 *18.3 (7.76) † † *23.3 (10.41) 43.7 (11.05) †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 103

Table 39. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other dental health

professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Length of time since last contact1

More than More than More than More than

6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic Total or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 48.3 (0.62) 17.3 (0.45) 12.2 (0.37) 9.7 (0.36) 10.7 (0.36) 1.7 (0.19)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 30.4 (3.82) 17.2 (3.76) 12.4 (2.55) 9.9 (2.53) 29.5 (5.07) 0.5 (0.16)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 37.7 (1.06) 18.7 (0.94) 13.0 (0.74) 14.1 (0.80) 15.5 (0.76) 1.1 (0.23)

Never married.............................. 100.0 41.9 (1.10) 17.2 (0.74) 13.7 (0.75) 12.8 (0.81) 12.8 (0.76) 1.5 (0.18)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 35.6 (1.96) 15.9 (1.31) 14.9 (1.29) 14.4 (1.36) 17.9 (1.68) 1.4 (0.35)

Place of residence13

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 45.6 (0.65) 18.1 (0.48) 13.2 (0.38) 10.6 (0.37) 10.4 (0.35) 2.1 (0.20)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 44.8 (0.88) 16.8 (0.57) 13.0 (0.53) 11.0 (0.50) 13.3 (0.55) 1.1 (0.17)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 38.8 (1.16) 17.4 (0.72) 12.9 (0.76) 13.6 (0.76) 16.0 (0.83) 1.3 (0.30)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 50.2 (1.25) 17.9 (0.82) 11.0 (0.68) 9.1 (0.66) 9.8 (0.58) 2.1 (0.45)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 46.2 (0.99) 17.3 (0.72) 12.2 (0.55) 10.6 (0.64) 12.8 (0.64) 0.8 (0.16)

South ................................... 100.0 39.6 (0.78) 17.8 (0.55) 14.0 (0.51) 12.7 (0.45) 14.1 (0.49) 1.8 (0.19)

West ................................... 100.0 44.9 (0.89) 17.1 (0.60) 14.1 (0.57) 11.1 (0.55) 10.9 (0.50) 1.8 (0.25)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 28.0 (1.37) 17.9 (1.20) 16.8 (1.18) 13.6 (0.97) 17.4 (1.20) 6.3 (0.74)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 33.3 (1.31) 19.4 (1.02) 17.2 (1.01) 13.8 (0.89) 12.6 (0.90) 3.7 (0.54)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 45.5 (0.81) 17.0 (0.54) 12.0 (0.51) 11.8 (0.53) 12.7 (0.51) 0.9 (0.21)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 52.2 (0.77) 16.9 (0.59) 11.6 (0.47) 9.1 (0.44) 9.9 (0.40) 0.3 (0.08)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 30.6 (1.61) 18.3 (1.26) 18.2 (1.34) 13.6 (1.16) 16.8 (1.22) 2.5 (0.51)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 34.8 (1.30) 20.7 (1.00) 14.9 (1.00) 13.6 (0.82) 14.7 (0.89) 1.3 (0.30)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘About how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist?’’ Respondents are instructed to include all
 

types of dentists, such as orthodontists, oral surgeons, and all other dental specialists, as well as dental hygienists.
 

2Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74
 

years, and 75 years and over.
 

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two
 

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons aged 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XXII in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 104 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 40. Frequency distributions of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

All persons

18 years

of age

and over

HIV testing status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Ever tested Never tested

Number in thousands2

Total3............................................. 223,181 77,789 134,767

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...........................................

107,750

115,431

35,152

42,637

67,484

67,284

Age

18–44 years ........................................

45–64 years ........................................

65–74 years ........................................

75 years and over.....................................

110,890

76,136

19,258

16,897

50,080

23,768

2,694

1,247

56,405

48,537

15,162

14,663

Race

1 race4

............................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..........................

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .....................

2 or more races5 .....................................

Black or African American, white ..........................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white......................

220,175

180,815

26,366

2,222

10,437

335

3,006

378

1,578

76,462

58,636

13,558

906

3,222

*140

1,327

152

775

133,281

113,642

11,528

1,240

6,707

*165

1,486

191

712

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino .....................................

Mexican or Mexican American ............................

Not Hispanic or Latino ..................................

White, single race ...................................

Black or African American, single race .......................

29,857

18,309

193,324

153,359

25,574

11,901

6,463

65,888

47,954

13,138

16,795

11,217

117,972

97,911

11,194

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ............................

High school diploma or GED8

..............................

Some college........................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...............................

29,790

55,363

50,281

56,971

8,779

16,515

20,852

22,208

19,366

36,171

27,276

32,228

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ....................................

$35,000 or more......................................

$35,000–$49,999 ....................................

$50,000–$74,999 ....................................

$75,000–$99,999 ....................................

$100,000 or more....................................

69,738

130,163

30,247

37,717

24,193

38,006

24,849

47,021

10,832

13,234

8,553

14,402

41,772

78,005

17,990

23,009

14,703

22,303

Poverty status10

Poor .............................................

Near poor ..........................................

Not poor...........................................

23,083

31,110

139,879

9,725

11,883

48,603

12,456

18,074

85,345

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private ..........................................

Medicaid .........................................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ........................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..........................................

Medicaid and Medicare ................................

Medicare only ......................................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ........................................

127,870

14,440

6,933

36,974

20,872

2,238

10,166

2,612

223

47,606

7,639

3,385

14,980

2,018

337

1,097

457

†

74,689

6,098

3,227

20,504

17,648

1,719

8,380

1,853

200

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 105

Table 40. Frequency distributions of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

All persons

18 years HIV testing status among persons 18 years of age and over1

of age

Selected characteristic and over Ever tested Never tested

Marital status Number in thousands2

Married ........................................... 124,214 41,367 77,309

Widowed .......................................... 14,080 1,897 11,293

Divorced or separated .................................. 24,008 10,734 12,069

Never married ....................................... 45,472 15,856 27,444

Living with a partner ................................... 14,619 7,729 6,274

Place of residence12

Large MSA ......................................... 111,359 42,820 62,831

Small MSA ......................................... 73,818 24,247 46,151

Not in MSA ......................................... 38,004 10,722 25,785

Region

Northeast .......................................... 38,209 13,281 23,261

Midwest ........................................... 53,802 16,096 35,074

South ............................................ 81,850 31,221 46,609

West ............................................. 49,320 17,191 29,824

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ................................. 15,375 5,150 9,704

Hispanic or Latina, female ................................ 14,482 6,750 7,091

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male................................ 73,878 22,283 47,924

White, single race, female .............................. 79,480 25,672 49,987

Black or African American, single race, male ................... 11,482 5,686 5,228

Black or African American, single race, female .................. 14,092 7,452 5,966

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘Have you ever been tested for HIV?’’ Analysts should note that this question is different from the 1999 version,
 

‘‘Have you ever had your blood tested for the AIDS virus infection?’’ HIV is human immunodeficiency virus. Any HIV test as part of a blood donation is not included.
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the frequencies (see Appendix I), but they are included in the ‘‘All persons 18 years of age and over’’ column. The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 106 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table 41. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among persons 18

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

HIV testing status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Selected characteristic Total Ever tested Never tested

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (age adjusted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.8 (0.43) 63.2 (0.43)

Total3 (crude)........................................ 100.0 36.6 (0.44) 63.4 (0.44)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 33.7 (0.63) 66.3 (0.63)

Female ........................................... 100.0 40.0 (0.53) 60.0 (0.53)

Age4

18–44 years ........................................ 100.0 47.0 (0.63) 53.0 (0.63)

45–64 years ........................................ 100.0 32.9 (0.69) 67.1 (0.69)

65–74 years ........................................ 100.0 15.1 (0.91) 84.9 (0.91)

75 years and over..................................... 100.0 7.8 (0.73) 92.2 (0.73)

Race

1 race5

............................................ 100.0 36.7 (0.44) 63.3 (0.44)

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 34.7 (0.48) 65.3 (0.48)

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 51.7 (1.13) 48.3 (1.13)

American Indian or Alaska Native .......................... 100.0 41.4 (3.87) 58.6 (3.87)

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 30.9 (1.59) 69.1 (1.59)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ..................... 100.0 44.2 (10.72) 55.8 (10.72)

2 or more races6 ..................................... 100.0 44.2 (3.40) 55.8 (3.40)

Black or African American, white .......................... 100.0 39.0 (7.80) 61.0 (7.80)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white...................... 100.0 51.4 (5.15) 48.6 (5.15)

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino ..................................... 100.0 38.1 (1.01) 61.9 (1.01)

Mexican or Mexican American ............................ 100.0 32.2 (1.14) 67.8 (1.14)

Not Hispanic or Latino .................................. 100.0 36.7 (0.48) 63.3 (0.48)

White, single race ................................... 100.0 34.3 (0.54) 65.7 (0.54)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 100.0 51.7 (1.14) 48.3 (1.14)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma ............................ 100.0 34.4 (1.06) 65.6 (1.06)

High school diploma or GED9

.............................. 100.0 33.4 (0.81) 66.6 (0.81)

Some college........................................ 100.0 42.2 (0.75) 57.8 (0.75)

Bachelor’s degree or higher............................... 100.0 39.0 (0.77) 61.0 (0.77)

Family income10

Less than $35,000 .................................... 100.0 39.3 (0.77) 60.7 (0.77)

$35,000 or more...................................... 100.0 36.6 (0.54) 63.4 (0.54)

$35,000–$49,999 .................................... 100.0 37.5 (1.06) 62.5 (1.06)

$50,000–$74,999 .................................... 100.0 35.2 (0.96) 64.8 (0.96)

$75,000–$99,999 .................................... 100.0 35.1 (1.17) 64.9 (1.17)

$100,000 or more.................................... 100.0 38.2 (1.15) 61.8 (1.15)

Poverty status11

Poor ............................................. 100.0 41.8 (1.38) 58.2 (1.38)

Near poor .......................................... 100.0 39.6 (1.03) 60.4 (1.03)

Not poor........................................... 100.0 36.2 (0.52) 63.8 (0.52)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private .......................................... 100.0 40.1 (0.59) 59.9 (0.59)

Medicaid ......................................... 100.0 55.0 (1.59) 45.0 (1.59)

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 55.0 (2.64) 45.0 (2.64)

Uninsured ........................................ 100.0 41.4 (1.01) 58.6 (1.01)

Age 65 years and over:

Private .......................................... 100.0 10.2 (0.74) 89.8 (0.74)

Medicaid and Medicare ................................ 100.0 16.4 (2.25) 83.6 (2.25)

Medicare only ...................................... 100.0 11.6 (1.24) 88.4 (1.24)

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 19.6 (2.76) 80.4 (2.76)

Uninsured ........................................ 100.0 † 86.1 (9.42)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 107

Table 41. Age-adjusted percent distributions (with standard errors) of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among persons 18

years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

HIV testing status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Selected characteristic Total Ever tested Never tested

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married ........................................... 100.0 36.8 (0.57) 63.2 (0.57)

Widowed .......................................... 100.0 42.9 (4.92) 57.1 (4.92)

Divorced or separated .................................. 100.0 49.1 (1.07) 50.9 (1.07)

Never married ....................................... 100.0 34.2 (1.04) 65.8 (1.04)

Living with a partner ................................... 100.0 50.1 (1.86) 49.9 (1.86)

Place of residence13

Large MSA ......................................... 100.0 39.9 (0.60) 60.1 (0.60)

Small MSA ......................................... 100.0 34.5 (0.80) 65.5 (0.80)

Not in MSA ......................................... 100.0 32.1 (0.93) 67.9 (0.93)

Region

Northeast .......................................... 100.0 37.1 (1.24) 62.9 (1.24)

Midwest ........................................... 100.0 31.8 (0.83) 68.2 (0.83)

South ............................................ 100.0 40.1 (0.76) 59.9 (0.76)

West ............................................. 100.0 36.3 (0.77) 63.7 (0.77)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ................................. 100.0 33.1 (1.55) 66.9 (1.55)

Hispanic or Latina, female ................................ 100.0 44.1 (1.21) 55.9 (1.21)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male................................ 100.0 32.0 (0.77) 68.0 (0.77)

White, single race, female .............................. 100.0 36.7 (0.69) 63.3 (0.69)

Black or African American, single race, male ................... 100.0 49.6 (1.73) 50.4 (1.73)

Black or African American, single race, female .................. 100.0 53.8 (1.30) 46.2 (1.30)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘Have you ever been tested for HIV?’’ Analysts should note that this question is different from the 1999 version,
 

‘‘Have you ever had your blood tested tested for the AIDS virus infection?’’ HIV is human immunodeficiency virus. Any HIV test as part of a blood donation is not included.
 

2Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4Estimates for age groups are not age adjusted.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74
 

years, and 75 years and over.
 

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II). Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using two
 

age groups for persons under age 65: 18–44 years and 45–64 years, and two age groups for persons aged 65 years and over: 65–74 years and 75 years and over.
 

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTES: Unless otherwise specified, estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population using four age groups: 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years, and

75 years and over. For crude percentages, refer to Table XXIII in Appendix III.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
∑

n

r

i p

i i=1

Est = , n

∑i=1

pi

Page 108 [ Series 10, No. 240

Appendix I
 

Technical Notes on

Methods

This report is one of a set of

statistical reports published by the staff

of the National Center for Health

Statistics (NCHS). It is based on data

contained in the 2007 in-house Sample

Adult and Person files, which are

derived from the Sample Adult and

Family Core components of the National

Health Interview Survey. All estimates

were weighted using the Sample Adult

Record Weight and the in-house data

file. The detailed sample design

information was used to produce the

most accurate variance estimates

possible. All data used in the report are

also available from the public-use data

files with the exception of some more

detailed information on race and

Hispanic or Latino origin and on the

sample design. Detailed sample design

variables and detailed information on

race and Hispanic or Latino origin

cannot be made available on the

public-use file due to potential

disclosure of confidential information.

Standard errors produced by using the

SUDAAN statistical package are shown

for all percentages in the tables (19).

Standard errors for frequencies are

calculated but not shown in the tables.

Percentages and frequencies with

relative standard errors greater than 30%

but less than or equal to 50% are

considered unreliable and are indicated

with an asterisk (*). Estimates with a

relative standard error of greater than

50% are replaced with a dagger (†) and

are not shown. The relative standard

errors are calculated as follows:

Relative standard error = (SE/Est) 100,

where SE is the standard error of the

estimate, and Est is the estimate

(percentage or frequency). The

reliability of frequencies and their

corresponding percentages is determined

independently, so it is possible for a

particular frequency to be reliable and

its associated percentage unreliable, and

vice versa.

Age adjustment

Data shown in Tables 1–41 were

age adjusted using the projected 2000

U.S. population as the standard

population provided by the U.S. Census

Bureau (17,18). Age adjustment was

used to allow comparison among

various population subgroups that have

different age structures. This is

particularly important for demographic

characteristics, such as race and

ethnicity, education, and marital status.

It is also helpful for other

characteristics.

where ri = rate in age group i in the

population of interest,

pi = standard population in age

group i,

n = total number of age groups

used for age adjustment,

and

Est = the age-adjusted rate.

The standard age distribution used

for age adjusting estimates from the

NHIS is the 2000 projected U.S.

population as the standard population.

Table I shows the age distributions used

to perform age adjustment. For all

tables, the age groups used to age adjust

estimates were 18–44, 45–64, 65–74,

and 75 years and over unless otherwise

noted. See Table I for age distribution

and age-adjustment weights used in

age-adjusting data. Health insurance and

education are restricted to certain age

groups, and are therefore adjusted

Table I. Age distributions and age-adjustment weights used in age-adjusting data shown in Tables 1–41

Population in Adjustment

Age thousands weight

Distribution #1 (Tables 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41)

18 years and over .................................................................... 203,851 1.000000

18–44 years......................................................................... 108,150 0.530535

45–64 years......................................................................... 60,991 0.299194

65–74 years......................................................................... 18,136 0.088967

75 years and over ..................................................................... 16,574 0.081304

Distribution #2 (Tables 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 - Education)

25 years and over .................................................................... 177,593 1.000000

25–44 years......................................................................... 81,892 0.461122

45–64 years......................................................................... 60,991 0.343431

65–74 years......................................................................... 18,136 0.102121

75 years and over ..................................................................... 16,574 0.093326

Distribution #3 (Tables 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 - Health insurance coverage)

18–64 years ........................................................................ 169,141 1.000000

18–44 years......................................................................... 108,150 0.639406

45–64 years......................................................................... 60,991 0.360593

Distribution #4 (Tables 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 - Health insurance coverage)

65 years and over .................................................................... 34,710 1.000000

65–74 years......................................................................... 18,136 0.522501

75 years and over ..................................................................... 16,574 0.477499

NOTE: These reflect the standard as specified in Shalala DE. HHS policy for changing the population standard for age adjusting death rates. Memorandum from the Secretary. August 26, 1998.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 109

accordingly (for age groups used, see	 

relevant footnotes on the tables). Using

different age groups for age adjustment

may result in slightly different estimates.

For this reason, age-adjusted estimates

for health characteristics in this report

may not match age-adjusted estimates

for the same health characteristics in

other reports. Unadjusted estimates were

also calculated and are provided in

Tables IV–XXIII in Appendix III.

For more information on the

derivation of age-adjustment weights for

use with NCHS survey data, see Klein

and Schoenborn (18). That report is

available through the NCHS website

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/

statnt20.pdf. The year 2000 projected

U.S. resident population is available

through the U.S. Census Bureau website

http://www.census.gov/prod/1/pop/

p25-1130/p251130.pdf.

Treatment of Unknown Values

In the tables, all unknown values

(responses coded as ‘‘refused,’’ ‘‘don’t

know,’’ or ‘‘not ascertained’’) with

respect to each table’s variables of

interest were removed from the

denominators when calculating row

percentages. In most instances, the

overall number of unknowns is quite

small and would not support

disaggregation by the demographic

characteristics included in the table.

Because these unknowns are not shown

separately, users calculating their own

percentages based on the frequencies

and population counts presented in the

tables may obtain slightly different

results. To aid users’ understanding of

the data, weighted counts and

percentages of unknowns (with respect

to the variables of interest in each table)

are shown in Table II.

Unknowns with respect to the

demographic characteristics used in each

table are not shown due to small cell

counts. However, unknowns for both

family income and poverty status

typically include a sizable number of

persons regardless of the health outcome

shown in the table. Missing data on	 

family income and personal earnings in

the NHIS have been imputed by NCHS

analysts using multiple-imputation
 

methodology. Five ASCII data sets
 

Table II. Weighted counts (in thousands) and weighted percentages of adults 18 years of

age and over with unknown health information: National Health Interview Survey, 2007

Weighted

count Weighted

Variable of interest	 (in thousands) percent

Total heart disease (Tables 1,2) ................................. 334 0.15

Coronary heart disease (Tables 1,2) .............................. 403 0.18

Hypertension (Tables 1,2) ..................................... 327 0.15

Stroke (Tables 1,2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 0.08 
 

Emphysema (Tables 3,4) ..................................... 121 0.05
 

Asthma (ever) (Tables 3,4) .................................... 152 0.07
 

Asthma (still) (Tables 3,4) ..................................... 461 0.21

Hay fever (Tables 3,4) ....................................... 267 0.12
 

Sinusitis (Tables 3,4) ........................................ 303 0.14 
 

Chronic bronchitis (Tables 3,4) .................................. 177 0.08 
 

Any cancer (Tables 5,6) ...................................... 244 0.11

Breast cancer (Tables 5,6) .................................... 333 0.15

Cervical cancer (Tables 5,6) (women only) .......................... 154 0.13
 

Prostate cancer (Tables 5,6) (men only) ............................ 178 0.17
 

Diabetes1 (Tables 7,8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,035 0.91 
 

Ulcers (Tables 7,8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 0.12

Kidney disease (Tables 7,8) ................................... 279 0.12

Liver disease (Tables 7,8) ..................................... 217 0.1 
 

Arthritic diagnosis (Tables 7,8) .................................. 429 0.19
 

Chronic joint symptoms (Tables 7,8) .............................. 405 0.18
 

Migraine or severe headaches (Tables 9,10) ......................... 267 0.12

Pain in neck (Tables 9,10)..................................... 250 0.11 
 

Pain in lower back (Tables 9,10)................................. 272 0.12 
 

Pain in face or jaw (Tables 9,10). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 0.12 
 

Hearing problems (Tables 11,12) ................................ 182 0.08 
 

Vision problems (Tables 11,12). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 0.23 
 

Absence of all natural teeth (Tables 11,12) .......................... 650 0.29

Sadness (Tables 13,14) ...................................... 3,074 1.38

Hopelessness (Tables 13,14)................................... 3,226 1.45 
 

Worthlessness (Tables 13,14) .................................. 3,316 1.49
 

Everything is an effort (Tables 13,14) .............................. 3,452 1.55 
 

Nervousness (Tables 15,16) ................................... 3,168 1.42

Restlessness (Tables 15,16) ................................... 3,195 1.43

Work-loss days (Table 17)..................................... 2,642 1.67 
 

Bed days (Table 17) ........................................ 4,731 2.12
 

Any difficulty in physical functioning (Tables 18,19) ..................... 2,093 0.94
 

Difficulty walking quarter mile2 (Tables 18,19). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,467 2.45

Difficulty climbing 10 steps2 (Tables 18,19) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,975 1.78

Difficulty standing 2 hours2 (Tables 18,19). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,269 2.36 
 

Difficulty sitting 2 hours2 (Tables 18,19) ............................ 2,974 1.34 
 

Difficulty stooping, bending, or kneeling2 (Tables 18,19) .................. 3,760 1.68 
 

Difficulty reaching over one’s head2 (Tables 18,19) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,664 1.19

Difficulty using fingers to grasp or handle small objects2 (Tables 18,19). . . . . . . . . 2,332 1.04

Difficulty lifting or carrying 10 pounds2 (Tables 18,19). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,249 1.91 
 

Difficulty pushing or pulling large object2 (Tables 18,19) .................. 7,771 3.48 
 

Current health status (Tables 20,23) .............................. 126 0.06

Change in health status since last year (Tables 22,23) ................... 1,603 0.72

Current cigarette smoking status (Tables 24,25) ....................... 3,569 1.6

Alcohol drinking status (Tables 26,27) ............................. 7,406 3.32

Current drinking frequency or amount (Tables 26,27) (current drinkers only) ...... 939 0.42

Former drinking frequency or amount (Tables 26,27) (former drinkers only) ...... 26 0.01

Leisure-time physical activity status (Tables 28,29) ..................... 6,387 2.86

Leisure-time vigorous physical activity (Tables 28,29) .................... 4,310 1.93 
 

Body mass index (Tables 30,31)................................. 11,645 5.22 
 

Usual place of health care (Tables 32,33) ........................... 3,008 1.35
 

Type of usual place of health care (Tables 32,33) ...................... 1,798 0.96

Office visits to doctor in past 12 months (Tables 34,35)................... 5,056 2.27

Length of time since last physician contact (Tables 36,37) ................. 4,840 2.17 
 

Length of time since last dentist contact (Tables 38,39)................... 5,731 2.57 
 

HIV3 testing status (Tables 40,41) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,625 4.76 
 

1Unknown includes those who respond ‘‘Borderline.’’

2Unknown includes those who respond ‘‘Do not do this activity.’’
 

3HIV is human immunodeficiency virus.
 
Page 110 [ Series 10, No. 240

containing imputed values for the survey

year and additional information about

the imputed income files can be found

at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.

However, income and poverty estimates

in this publication are based only on

reported income and may differ from

other measures that are based on

imputed data (which were not available

when this report was prepared). Because

it is difficult to interpret the relationship

between ‘‘unknown’’ income (or poverty

status) and the health outcomes

displayed in the tables, counts of

persons in these unknown categories are

not shown in the tables. Table III shows

weighted counts (in thousands) and

weighted percentages of adults with

unknown values for poverty status and

family income, education, health

insurance, and marital status.

The Income and Assets section in

the Family Core of the NHIS instrument

allows respondents to report their family

income in several ways. Respondents

are first asked to provide their family’s

total combined income before taxes

from all sources for the previous

calendar year in a dollar amount (from

$0 up to $999,995). Any family income

responses greater than $999,995 are

entered as $999,996. From 1997 to

2006, respondents who did not know or

refused to state an amount were then

asked if their family’s combined income

in the previous calendar year was

$20,000 or more, or less than $20,000.

If they again refused to answer or said

that they do not know, they were not

asked any more questions about their

family income. Respondents who replied

to the ‘‘above-below $20,000’’ question

were then handed a list of detailed

income categories (top-coded at $75,000

or more) and were asked to pick the

interval containing their best estimate of

their combined family income.

However, for survey year 2007, the

income follow-up questions were

changed. Modifications in the

1997–2006 income follow-up questions

were explored because the 1997–2006

income follow-up questions had not

appreciably increased the analytic

usability of family income data or of the

poverty ratio in the NHIS. During the

second quarter of 2006, a portion of the

NHIS sample participated in a field test

Table III. Weighted counts (in thousands) and weighted percentages of adults with

unknown information on selected sociodemographic characteristics: National Health

Interview Survey, 2007

Weighted

count Weighted

Variable of interest (in thousands) percentage

Poverty status (total population 18 years and over) (Tables 1–41) ............ 29,110 13.04 
 

Poverty status (employed persons 18 years of age and over)(Table 17) ........ 15,619 9.89 
 

Family income (total population 18 years and over) (Tables 1–41) ............ 14,444 6.47 
 

Family income (employed persons 18 years of age and over) (Table 17) ........ 8,555 5.42 
 

Education (persons 25 years of age and over) (Tables 1–41) ............... 2,117 0.95 
 

Education (persons 25 years of age and over) (employed persons) (Table 17) .... 1,207 0.76 
 

Health insurance (persons 18–64 years of age) (Tables 1–41) .............. 808 0.36 
 

Health insurance (persons 65 years of age and over) (Tables 1–41)........... 44 0.02 
 

Health insurance (employed persons 18–64 years of age) (Table 17) .......... 519 0.33 
 

Health insurance (employed persons 65 years of age and over) (Table 17) ...... 3 0.00 
 

Marital status (total population 18 years and over) (Tables 1–41)............. 788 0.35 
 

Marital status (employed persons 18 years of age and over) (Table 17)......... 491 0.31 
 

0.00 Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision and quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

that evaluated an alternative way to ask

respondents about family income in an

attempt to decrease the frequency of

unknown responses to family income

and poverty status variables in the

NHIS. Based on the results of the 2006

field test, the NHIS family income

questions were modified starting with

the first quarter of 2007.

In the 2007 NHIS, respondents who

did not know or refused to state an

income amount were asked if their

family’s combined income in the

previous calendar year was $50,000 or

more or less than $50,000. If they again

refused to answer, or said that they did

not know, they were not asked any more

questions about their family’s income. If

the respondent indicated that the

family’s income was less than $50,000,

at most two additional follow-up

questions were asked: (a) if the family

income was less than (or at least)

$35,000, and (b) if the family income

was less than $35,000, whether or not

the family income was less than the

poverty threshold. The family’s poverty

threshold was prefilled by the CAPI

instrument using information collected

earlier in the interview on the family’s

size.

If the respondent initially indicated

that the family income was $50,000 or

more, at most two additional follow-up

questions were asked: (a) if the family

income was less than (or at least)

$100,000 and (b) if the family income

was less than $100,000, whether or not

the family income was less than (or at

least) $75,000.

NHIS respondents thus fall into one

of four categories with respect to

income information: those who supplied

a dollar amount (73% of sample adults

in 2007), those who indicated a range

for their income by answering all of the

applicable follow-up questions (16% of

sample adults), those who indicated a

less precise range for their family’s

income by only answering some of the

applicable follow-up questions (4% of

sample adults), and those who provided

no income information (6% of sample

adults) (unweighted results).

Respondents who stated that their

family income was below $35,000 are

included in the ‘‘Less than $35,000’’

category under ‘‘Family Income’’ in the

tables in this report, along with

respondents who gave an income range

that was less than $35,000. Likewise,

respondents who stated that their family

income was at or above $35,000 are

included in the ‘‘$35,000 or more’’

category under ‘‘Family Income,’’ along

with those respondents who gave an

income range that was $35,000 or more.

Users will note that the counts for the

detailed (indented) amounts do not sum

to the count shown for ‘‘$35,000 or

more’’ for this reason.

A recoded poverty status variable is

formed for those respondents who either

supplied a dollar amount or supplied

sufficient income information in the

follow-up income questions to construct

a three-category poverty status variable

(described in the following text). This

variable is the ratio of the family’s

income in the previous calendar year to
|X – X

b

|

Z=

a

√

,

S

2 + S2

ab

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 111

the appropriate 2006 poverty threshold

(given the family’s size and number of

children) defined by the U.S. Census

Bureau (15). Adults who are categorized

as ‘‘poor’’ hada ratio less than 1.0; that

is, their family income was strictly

below the poverty threshold. The ‘‘near

poor’’ category includes those adults

with incomes of 100% to less than

200% of the poverty threshold. Lastly,

‘‘not poor’’ adults have incomes that are

200% of the poverty threshold or

greater. The remaining groups of

respondents—those who did not supply

sufficient income information in the

follow-up questions to categorize asa

three-category poverty status variable, as

well as those who did not provide any

income information—are, by necessity,

coded as ‘‘unknown’’ with respect to

poverty status. Family income

information is missing for 6% of the

U.S. adult population, and poverty status

information is missing for 13% of the

U.S. adult population (weighted results).

Similarly, 6% of the adult sample is

missing information on income, and

14% of the adult sample is missing

information on poverty status

(unweighted results).

Hypothesis Tests

Two-tailed tests of significance

were performed for all the comparisons

mentioned in the ‘‘Selected Highlights’’

section of this report. No adjustments

were made for multiple comparisons.

The test statistic used to determine

statistical significance of the difference

between two percentages was Xa and Xb are the two percentages being

compared, andS

a and

S

b are the

SUDAAN-calculated standard errors of

those percentages. The critical value

used for two-sided tests at the 0.05 level

was 1.96.
Page 112 [ Series 10, No. 240

Appendix II
 

Definitions of Selected

Terms

Sociodemographic Terms

Age—The age recorded for each

adult is the age at the last birthday. Age

is recorded in single years and grouped

using a variety of age categories

depending on the purpose of the table.

Education—The categories of

education are based on the years of

school completed or highest degree

obtained for persons aged 25 and over.

Only years completed in a school that

advances a person toward an elementary

or high school diploma, General

Educational Development high school

equivalency diploma (GED), college,

university, or professional degree are

included. Education in other schools and

home schooling are counted only if the

credits are accepted in a regular school

system.

Employment—Persons 18 years of

age and over were classified as currently

employed if they reported that they

either worked at or had a job or

business at any time during the 1-week

period preceding the interview. Current

employment includes paid work as an

employee in business, farming, or

professional practice, and unpaid work

in a family business or farm. Persons

temporarily absent from a job or

business because of a temporary illness,

vacation, strike, or bad weather were

considered currently employed if they

expected to work as soon as the

particular event causing the absence no

longer existed. Freelance workers were

considered currently employed if they

had a definite arrangement with one or

more employers to work for pay

according to a weekly or monthly

schedule, either full time or part time.

Excluded from the currently

employed population are persons who

have no definite employment schedule,

but work only when their services are

needed. Also excluded from the

currently employed population were

(a) persons receiving revenue from an

enterprise, but not participating in its

operation; (b) persons doing housework

or charity work for which they received

no pay; (c) seasonal workers during the

portion of the year when they were not

working; and (d) persons who were not

working, although they had a job or

business, but were laid off and looking

for work.

The number of currently employed

persons estimated from the NHIS will

differ from the estimates prepared from

the Current Population Survey (CPS) of

the U.S. Bureau of the Census for

several reasons. In addition to sampling

variability, the two surveys have the

following primary conceptual

differences:

1) NHIS employment estimates are

for persons 18 years of age and over;

CPS estimates are for persons 16 years

of age and over.

2) NHIS is a continuous survey

with separate samples taken weekly;

CPS is a monthly sample taken for the

survey week that includes the 19th of

the month.

This report combines adults

currently employed, as defined

previously, with those who were not

employed in the week preceding the

interview but who were employed

within the past 12 months, in order to

estimate the number of employed and

unemployed adults for the year.

Family income—Each member of a

family is classified according to the total

income of all family members. Family

members are all persons within the

household related to each other by

blood, marriage, cohabitation, or

adoption. The income recorded is the

total income received by all family

members in the previous calendar year.

Income from all sources includes wages,

salaries, military pay (when an Armed

Forces member lived in the family),

pensions, government payments, child

support or alimony, dividends, and help

from relatives. Unrelated individuals

living in the same household (e.g.,

roommates) are considered to be

separate families and are classified

according to their own incomes.

Health insurance coverage—NHIS

respondents were asked about their

health insurance coverage at the time of

the interview. Respondents reported

whether they were covered by private

insurance (obtained from their employer

or workplace, purchased directly, or

through a local or community program),

Medicare, Medigap (supplemental

Medicare coverage), Medicaid, State

Children’s Health Insurance Plan

(SCHIP), Indian Health Service (IHS),

military coverage (including VA,

TRICARE, or CHAMP-VA), a

state-sponsored health plan, another

government program and/or single

service plans. This information was used

to form two health insurance

hierarchies: one for those under age 65

years and another for those persons age

65 years and over.

For persons under age 65 years, a

health insurance hierarchy of four

mutually exclusive categories was

developed (20,21). Persons with more

than one type of health insurance were

assigned to the first appropriate category

in the following hierarchy:

Private coverage—Includes persons

who had any comprehensive private

insurance plan (including health

maintenance organizations and

preferred provider organizations).

These plans include those obtained

through an employer, purchased

directly, or through local or

community programs.

Medicaid—Includes persons who do

not have private coverage, but who

have Medicaid and/or other

state-sponsored health plans

including SCHIP.

Other coverage—Includes persons

who do not have private insurance

or Medicaid (other public

coverage), but who have any type

of military health plan (includes

VA, TRICARE, and CHAMP-VA)

and Medicare. This category also

includes persons who are covered

by other government programs.

Uninsured—Includes persons who

have not indicated that they are

covered at the time of the interview

under private health insurance (from

employer or workplace, purchased

directly, or through a state, local

government, or community

program), Medicare, Medicaid,

SCHIP, a state-sponsored health

plan, other government programs, or
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 113

military health plan (includes VA,

TRICARE, and CHAM-VA). This

category also includes persons who

are only covered by IHS or only

have a plan that pays for one type

of service, such as accidents or

dental care.

For persons age 65 years and over,

a health insurance hierarchy of five

mutually exclusive categories was

developed (22). Persons with more than

one type of health insurance were

assigned to the first appropriate category

in the following hierarchy:

Private coverage—Includes older

persons who have both Medicare

and any comprehensive private

health insurance plan (including

health maintenance organizations

and preferred provider

organizations). These plans include

those obtained through a current or

former employer, purchased directly,

or through local or community

programs. This category also

includes persons with private

insurance only.

Medicare and Medicaid—Includes

older persons who do not have any

private coverage, but have Medicare

and Medicaid and or other

state-sponsored health plans

including SCHIP.

Medicare only—Includes older

persons who only have Medicare

coverage.

Other coverage—Includes older

persons who have not been

previously classified as having

private, Medicare and Medicaid, or

Medicare only coverage. This

category also includes older persons

who have only Medicaid, other

state-sponsored health plans or

SCHIP, as well as persons who

have any type of military health

plan (VA, TRICARE, and

CHAMP-VA) with or without

Medicare.

Uninsured—Includes persons who

have not indicated that they are

covered at the time of the interview

under private health insurance (from

employer or workplace, purchased

directly, or through a state, local

government, or community

program), Medicare, Medicaid,

SCHIP, a state-sponsored health

plan, other government programs, or

military health plan (VA,

TRICARE, and CHAMP-VA). This

category also includes persons who

are covered by only IHS or only

have a plan that pays for one type

of service such as accidents or

dental care.

For less than 1% of adults,

coverage status, i.e., whether they are

insured or uninsured, is unknown.

Weighted frequencies indicate that less

than 1% of the adult population under

65 years of age and less than 1% of the

adult population aged 65 and over fell

into this ‘‘unknown’’ category.

Hispanic or Latino origin and

race—Hispanic or Latino origin and

race are two separate and distinct

concepts. Persons of Hispanic or Latino

origin may be of any race. Hispanic or

Latino origin includes persons of

Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central

and South American, or Spanish origins.

All tables show Mexicans or Mexican

Americans as a subset of Hispanic or

Latino. Other groups are not shown for

reasons of confidentiality or statistical

reliability.

In the 1997 and 1998 Summary

Health Statistics reports, Hispanic

ethnicity was shown as a part of race

and ethnicity, which also included

categories for non-Hispanic white,

non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic

other (some tables showed Mexican

Americans as a subset of Hispanics).

Beginning in 1999, the categories for

race were expanded to be consistent

with the 1997 Office of Management

and Budget (OMB) Federal guidelines

(12), and a distinction is now made

between the characteristics of race and

of Hispanic or Latino origin and race.

Hispanic or Latino origin and race is

divided into ‘‘Hispanic or Latino’’ and

‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino.’’ ‘‘Hispanic or

Latino’’ includes a subset of ‘‘Mexican

or Mexican American.’’ ‘‘Not Hispanic

or Latino’’ is further divided into

‘‘White, single race’’ and ‘‘Black or

African American, single race.’’ Persons

in these categories indicated only a

single race group (see the definition of

race in this appendix for more

information). Data are not shown for

other ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino single

race’’ persons or multiple race persons

due to statistical unreliability as

measured by the relative standard errors

of the estimates (but are included in the

total for ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’).

The text in this report uses shorter

versions of the new OMB race and

Hispanic or Latino origin terms for

conciseness, and the tables use the

complete terms. For example, the

category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino, Black

or African American, single race’’ in the

tables is referred to as ‘‘non-Hispanic

black’’ in the text.

Marital status—Respondents were

asked to choose a marital status

category. Adults could select the

category they felt most appropriate for

their marital situation. Beginning in

1997, a new marital status category,

‘‘living with a partner,’’ also termed

‘‘cohabiting,’’ was added, and persons

who were ‘‘living with a partner’’ were

considered members of the same family,

whereas in the pre-1997 NHIS, they

were considered separate families. A

legally annulled marriage is considered

as not having taken place. Marital status

is classified into the following five

categories:

Married—This category includes all

persons who identify themselves as

married and who are not separated

from their spouses. Married persons

living apart because of

circumstances of their employment

are considered married. Persons

may identify themselves as married

regardless of the legal status of the

marriage or sex of the spouses.

Separated and divorced—This

category includes persons who are

legally separated from their spouse

or living apart for reasons of marital

discord, and those who are

divorced.

Widowed—This category includes

persons who have lost their spouse

due to death.

Never married—This category

includes persons who were never

married.
Page 114 [ Series 10, No. 240

Living with partner—This category

includes unmarried persons

regardless of sex who are living

together as a couple, but do not

identify themselves as married.

Place of residence—Place of

residence is classified in this report in

three categories: large metropolitan

statistical area (MSA) of 1,000,000 or

more persons, small MSA of less than

1,000,000 persons, and not in an MSA.

Generally, a MSA consists of a county

or group of counties containing at least

one urbanized area of 50,000 or more,

in population. In addition to the county

or counties that contain all or part of the

urbanized area, an MSA may contain

other adjacent counties that are

economically and socially integrated

with the central city. The number of

adjacent counties included in an MSA is

not limited, and boundaries may cross

state lines.

The Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan

areas according to published standards

that are applied to U.S. Census Bureau

data. The definition of a metropolitan

area is periodically reviewed. For NHIS

data from 1995 through 2005, the MSA

definition was based on the 1993 OMB

standards using the 1990 census.

Beginning in 2006, the 2003 OMB

standards, based on Census 2000, are

used for NHIS data. The 2003 criteria

for designating MSAs differ from the

1993 criteria in substantial ways,

including simplification of the

classification criteria of metropolitan

areas as well as the addition of a new

category—micropolitan area—for some

of the nonmetropolitan counties. These

changes may lessen the comparability of

estimates by place of residence in

2006–2007 with estimates from earlier

years. Analysts who compare NHIS

frequencies across this transition in

OMB standards need to recognize that

some of the differences may be due to

the change in the definitions of

metropolitan areas. In the tables for this

report, place of residence is based on

variables in the 2007 in-house Household

data file indicating MSA status and MSA

size. These variables are collapsed into

three categories based on Census 2000

population: MSAs with a population of

1,000,000 or more, MSAs with a

population of less than 1,000,000, and

areas that are not within an MSA. Areas

not in an MSA include both micropolitan

areas and areas outside the core-based

statistical areas. For additional

information about metropolitan

statistical areas see the Census website:

http://www.census.gov/population/www/

estimates/metrodef.html.

Poverty status—Poverty status is

based on family income and family size

using the Census Bureau’s poverty

thresholds. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined

as persons whose family incomes are

below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near

Poor’’ persons have family incomes of

100% to less than 200% of the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Not Poor’’ persons have

family incomes that are 200% of the

poverty threshold or greater. More

information on the measurement of

family income and poverty status is

available in Appendix I.

Race—In the 1997 and 1998

Summary Health Statistics reports, race

and ethnicity consisted of four

categories: non-Hispanic white,

non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic other,

and Hispanic (some tables showed

Mexican Americans as a subset of

Hispanics). Beginning in 1999, the

categories for race were expanded to be

consistent with the 1997 Office of

Management and Budget (OMB)

Federal guidelines (12), which now

distinguish persons of ‘‘one race’’ from

persons of ‘‘two or more races.’’ The

category ‘‘one race’’ refers to persons

who indicated only a single race group;

it includes subcategories for white, black

or African American, American Indian

or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native

Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The

category ‘‘two or more races’’ refers to

persons who indicated more than one

race group. Estimates for multiple race

combinations can only be reported to

the extent that they meet the

requirements for confidentiality and

statistical reliability. In this report, three

categories are shown for multiple race

individuals (a summary category and

two multiple race categories: black or

African American and white and

American Indian or Alaska Native and

white). Other combinations are not

shown due to statistical unreliability as

measured by the relative standard errors

of the estimates (but they are included

in the total for ‘‘two or more races’’).

Prior to 2003, ‘‘Other race’’ was a

separate race response on the NHIS,

although it was not shown separately in

the tables of the Summary Health

Statistics reports. In the 2003 NHIS,

however, editing procedures were

changed to maintain consistency with

the U.S. Census Bureau procedures for

collecting and editing data on race and

ethnicity. As a result of these changes,

in cases where ‘‘Other race’’ was

mentioned along with one or more

OMB race groups, the ‘‘Other race’’

response is dropped, and the OMB race

group information is retained on the

NHIS data file. In cases where ‘‘Other

race’’ was the only race response, it is

treated as missing and the race is

imputed. Although this change has

resulted in an increase in the number of

persons in the OMB race category

‘‘White’’ because this is numerically the

largest group, the change is not expected

to have a substantial effect on the

estimates in this report. More

information about the race and

ethnicity editing procedures used by

the U.S. Census Bureau can be

found at the following website:

http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/

files/MRSF-01-US1.pdf.

The text in this report uses shorter

versions of the new OMB race terms for

conciseness, and the tables use the

complete terms. For example, the

category ‘‘Black or African American,

single race’’ in the tables is referred to

as ‘‘Black’’ in the text.

Region—In the geographic

classification of the U.S. population,

states are grouped into four regions used

by the U.S. Census Bureau:

Region States included

Northeast Maine, Vermont, New

Hampshire, Massachusetts,

Connecticut, Rhode Island,

New York, New Jersey, and

Pennsylvania;

Midwest Ohio, Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, Wisconsin,

Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,

North Dakota, South Dakota,

Kansas, and Nebraska;
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 115

South	 Delaware, Maryland, District

of Columbia, West Virginia,

Virginia, Kentucky,

Tennessee, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Georgia,

Florida, Alabama,

Mississippi, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Arkansas, and

Texas;

West	 Washington, Oregon,

California, Nevada, New

Mexico, Arizona, Idaho,

Utah, Colorado, Montana,

Wyoming, Alaska, and

Hawaii.

Terms Related to Health

Characteristics and Outcomes

Arthritis and chronic joint

symptoms—In 2002 there were major

changes to core questions about arthritis

and joint symptoms. Questions about

joint symptoms were altered to exclude

the respondent’s back and neck. The

reference period was changed from

‘‘past 12 months’’ to ‘‘past 30 days,’’

and chronic joint symptoms were

defined as having started ‘‘more than 3

months ago.’’ The arthritis diagnosis

question (‘‘Have you ever been told by

a doctor or other health professional that

you have arthritis...’’) was modified to

include ‘‘some form of arthritis,

rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or

fibromyalgia.’’ These questions remained

unchanged since 2002, and estimates for

adults with self-reported arthritis

diagnosis and self-reported chronic joint

symptoms are shown separately in

Tables 7–8.

Asthma—This report covers both

adults who have ever been told they

have asthma by a doctor or other health

professional, and adults who still have

asthma (currently).

Bed day—A day during which a

person stayed in bed more than half a

day because of illness or injury. All

hospital days for inpatients are

considered bed days even if the patient

was not in bed more than half a day.

Conditions—Condition is a general

term that includes any specific illness

(physical or mental) or injury. From

1978 to 1996, six chronic condition lists

were used in the NHIS. Those six lists

covered 133 conditions. The 1997 (and

beyond) NHIS chronic condition data

cover a substantially reduced number of

conditions. All data in the 2007 Sample

Adult component are self-reported, and

most questions ask whether a condition

was diagnosed by a doctor or a health

professional. The reference periods for

the conditions vary. There are four basic

reference periods: ever, past 12 months,

past 30 days, and currently.

Difficulty in physical functioning—

Refers to the degree of difficulty

respondents experienced performing

nine physical activities without the

assistance of another person and without

using special equipment. Questions for

the sample adult regarding difficulty in

physical functioning cover the following

activities: walking a quarter of a mile

(or 3 city blocks); climbing 10 steps

without resting; standing for 2 hours;

sitting for 2 hours; stooping, bending, or

kneeling; reaching over one’s head;

using the fingers to grasp or handle

small objects; lifting or carrying 10

pounds (such as a bag of groceries); and

pushing or pulling large objects (such as

a living room chair). Response

categories include ‘‘not at all difficult,’’

‘‘only a little difficult,’’ ‘‘somewhat

difficult,’’ ‘‘very difficult,’’ ‘‘can’t do at

all,’’ or ‘‘do not do this activity.’’ Adults

who indicated that the specific activity

was ‘‘very difficult’’ or that they ‘‘can’t

do (it) at all’’ were combined in a single

category as having difficulty in physical

functioning. Those who responded ‘‘do

not do this activity’’ were not included

in the tables.

Doctor or other health professional—

Doctor refers to medical doctors (MDs)

and osteopathic physicians (DOs),

including general practitioners and all

types of specialists (such as surgeons,

internists, gynecologists, obstetricians,

proctologists, psychiatrists, dermatologists,

and ophthalmologists). Other health care

professional includes physician assistants,

psychologists, nurses, physical therapists,

chiropractors, etc.

Health status—Respondent-assessed

health status is obtained from a question

in the survey that asked respondents,

‘‘Would you say your health in general

was excellent, very good, good, fair, or

poor?’’ Information was obtained about

all respondents, with proxy responses

allowed for adults not taking part in the

interview. Prior health status is obtained

from the question asked of all sample

adults, ‘‘Compared with 12 months ago,

would you say that your health is better,

worse, or about the same?’’

Work-loss day—A day in which a

currently employed person 18 years of

age or over missed more than half a day

from a job or business.

Terms Relating to Sample

Adult Behavior

Alcohol drinking status—Refers to

the respondent’s alcohol drinking status

at the time of interview. There are five

alcohol consumption categories. Two

refer to current drinking, two to former

drinking, and the fifth to lifetime

abstinence.

Current regular drinker—had 12

drinks or more in his/her lifetime

and at least 12 drinks in the past

year.

Current infrequent drinker—had 12

drinks or more in his/her lifetime,

but fewer than 12 drinks in the past

year.

Former regular drinker—had 12

drinks or more in his/her lifetime,

and at least 12 drinks in any 1 year,

but no drinks in the past year.

Former infrequent drinker—had 12

drinks or more in his/her lifetime,

but never as many as 12 in a single

year, and no drinks in the past year.

Lifetime abstainer—had fewer than

12 drinks in his/her entire lifetime.

In 2002, a change was made in the

calculation of the ‘‘Former infrequent’’

and ‘‘Current infrequent’’ drinker

categories. Prior to 2002, these

categories included a small number of

respondents who indicated either the

frequency of their drinking but not the

amount, or the amount but not the

frequency, at the same time satisfying

the broad definition of either former or

current drinker. These individuals with

incomplete responses are now

categorized as ‘‘Former or Current

drinker status unknown’’ and are not

shown in the tables.
Page 116 [ Series 10, No. 240

Body mass index—Body mass index

(BMI) is calculated from the sample

adult’s responses to survey questions

regarding height and weight. BMI =

Weight (in kg)/[Height (in m)]2. For

both sexes, the category ‘‘Underweight’’

is defined as a BMI less than 18.5.

‘‘Healthy weight’’ is defined as a BMI

greater than or equal to 18.5 and less

than 25.0. ‘‘Overweight’’ is defined as a

BMI greater than or equal to 25.0 and

less than 30.0. ‘‘Obese’’ is defined as a

BMI greater than or equal to 30.0.

Cigarette smoking status—

Information on cigarette smoking status

at the time of interview is derived from

two questions on the survey. All

respondents are first asked, ‘‘Have you

smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your

entire life?’’ Respondents who answered

‘‘yes’’ to the previous question are then

asked, ‘‘Do you now smoke cigarettes

every day, some days, or not at all?’’

The information obtained from these

two questions is combined to create the

variable represented in Tables 24, 25.

Current smoker—There are two

categories of current smokers. The

first category includes persons who

smoke every day and persons in the

second category smoke only on

some days.

Former smoker—This category

includes persons who have smoked

at least 100 cigarettes in their

lifetime, but currently do not smoke

at all.

Nonsmoker—This category includes

persons who have never smoked at

least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

(HIV) testing status—This variable is

based on a question that asked whether

the respondent has ever had his/her

blood tested for HIV. Starting in 2000,

this question is slightly different than

the one used in 1997–99 that asked

about acquired immunodeficiency

syndrome (AIDS) virus testing status

(not HIV). Any HIV test as part of a

blood donation is excluded.

Leisure-time physical activity—All

questions related to leisure-time physical

activity were phrased in terms of current

behavior and lack a specific prior

reference period. Starting with 1998

data, leisure-time physical activity is

assessed in the National Health

Interview Survey by asking adults a

series of questions about how often they

do vigorous or light-to-moderate

physical activity of at least 10 minutes

in duration and for how long these

sessions generally last. Vigorous

physical activity is described as causing

heavy sweating or a large increase in

breathing or heart rate and light to

moderate as causing light sweating or a

slight to moderate increase in breathing

or heart rate. Adults classified as

inactive did not report any sessions of

light to moderate or vigorous

leisure-time physical activity of at least

10 minutes or reported they were unable

to perform leisure-time physical activity.

Adults who engaged in some

leisure-time physical activity reported at

least one session of light to moderate or

vigorous activity of at least 10 minutes

in duration but did not meet the

requirement for regular leisure-time

activity. Adults who engaged in regular

leisure-time activity reported at least

three sessions per week of vigorous

leisure-time physical activity lasting at

least 20 minutes or at least five sessions

per week of light to moderate physical

activity lasting at least 30 minutes.

Number of visits to a doctor or

other health professional in the past 12

months—This is the number of visits to

a doctor’s office, clinic, or other place

that the respondent has made in the past

12 months regarding own personal

health. Overnight hospital stays, hospital

emergency room visits, home visits, and

telephone calls are excluded.

Time since last dental contact—This

is the length of time since the

respondent last saw or talked to a

dentist, including dental specialists as

well as dental hygienists, prior to the

week of interview.

Time since last physician or other

health care professional contact—This

is the length of time, prior to the week

of interview, since the respondent last

consulted a physician or other health

care professional in person or by

telephone for health treatment or advice

of any type. This may include a contact

while a patient is in the hospital as well

as a contact from a home visit. The

respondent is asked: ‘‘About how long

has it been since you saw or talked to a

doctor or other health professional about

your own health?’’ The response

categories for this question are: ‘‘6

months or less,’’ ‘‘more than 6 months,

but not more than 1 year ago,’’ ‘‘more

than 1 year, but not more than 2 years

ago,’’ ‘‘more than 2 years, but not more

than 5 years ago,’’ ‘‘more than 5 years

ago,’’ and ‘‘never.’’

Usual place of health care—Usual

place of health care was based on a

question that asked whether respondents

had a place that they usually went to

when they were sick or needed advice

about their health. If yes, they were

asked ‘‘What kind of place [is it/do you

go to most often] a clinic, a doctor’s

office, an emergency room, or some

other place?’’ The choices for this

second question are: ‘‘clinic or health

center,’’ ‘‘doctor’s office or HMO,’’

‘‘hospital emergency room,’’ ‘‘hospital

outpatient department,’’ ‘‘some other

place,’’ or ‘‘doesn’t go to one place

most often.’’ Although ‘‘hospital

emergency room’’ is not considered a

‘‘usual place of health care’’ in other

publications, in this report it is

combined with ‘‘hospital outpatient

clinic.’’ Also combined in this report are

‘‘some other place’’ and ‘‘doesn’t go to

one place most often.’’
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 117

Appendix III

Tables of Unadjusted (Crude) Estimates

Table IV. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected circulatory diseases1

Heart disease2

Selected characteristic All types Coronary3 Hypertension4 Stroke

Total6 (crude) ...................................

Total6 (age-adjusted) ..............................

11.3 (0.27)

11.2 (0.24)

Percent5 (standard error)

6.1 (0.20) 23.7 (0.35)

6.1 (0.18) 23.2 (0.29)

2.4 (0.12)

2.4 (0.12)

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

11.9 (0.41)

10.7 (0.32)

7.5 (0.33)

4.8 (0.22)

23.2 (0.49)

24.3 (0.46)

2.1 (0.16)

2.7 (0.17)

Age

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

4.1 (0.24)

12.2 (0.47)

27.1 (1.13)

35.8 (1.23)

0.9 (0.10)

6.7 (0.36)

18.6 (0.97)

23.6 (1.07)

8.2 (0.32)

32.1 (0.62)

50.9 (1.18)

57.4 (1.35)

0.3 (0.05)

2.8 (0.24)

6.3 (0.57)

10.6 (0.79)

Race

1 race7 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races8 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

11.2 (0.27)

11.9 (0.31)

9.1 (0.51)

9.0 (2.40)

5.8 (0.86)

†

15.2 (2.38)

†

21.5 (3.87)

6.1 (0.20)

6.5 (0.23)

5.0 (0.39)

*3.5 (1.28)

3.5 (0.66)

–

8.0 (1.79)

†

10.1 (2.88)

23.8 (0.35)

23.4 (0.39)

29.2 (0.93)

21.4 (3.47)

16.9 (1.38)

*29.3 (11.31)

23.0 (2.86)

*13.8 (4.95)

25.2 (4.62)

2.4 (0.13)

2.3 (0.13)

3.1 (0.35)

†

1.9 (0.48)

–

3.0 (0.91)

†

*5.3 (1.71)

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

6.6 (0.51)

5.2 (0.52)

12.0 (0.30)

12.9 (0.34)

9.0 (0.53)

3.8 (0.37)

3.3 (0.43)

6.5 (0.22)

6.9 (0.26)

5.0 (0.41)

15.2 (0.69)

13.0 (0.85)

25.1 (0.39)

24.8 (0.43)

29.7 (0.95)

1.6 (0.23)

1.4 (0.26)

2.6 (0.14)

2.5 (0.14)

3.2 (0.36)

Education10

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED11 ........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

18.3 (0.79)

12.2 (0.52)

12.6 (0.57)

9.8 (0.47)

12.0 (0.62)

7.6 (0.41)

6.5 (0.42)

4.4 (0.32)

34.1 (0.97)

29.5 (0.74)

26.4 (0.74)

20.4 (0.59)

4.9 (0.44)

3.2 (0.30)

2.5 (0.24)

1.5 (0.18)

Family income12

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

15.2 (0.49)

9.1 (0.33)

11.7 (0.70)

9.0 (0.56)

8.0 (0.70)

7.9 (0.58)

9.0 (0.38)

4.5 (0.23)

6.7 (0.57)

4.6 (0.40)

3.6 (0.50)

3.3 (0.39)

29.2 (0.61)

20.6 (0.43)

22.1 (0.87)

20.6 (0.83)

20.1 (1.00)

19.7 (0.80)

4.0 (0.25)

1.5 (0.12)

2.3 (0.30)

1.8 (0.27)

1.2 (0.24)

0.8 (0.15)

Poverty status13

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

12.6 (0.80)

12.7 (0.66)

10.3 (0.32)

7.2 (0.58)

7.6 (0.52)

5.3 (0.24)

24.5 (1.13)

25.8 (0.90)

22.1 (0.43)

3.4 (0.35)

4.0 (0.43)

1.8 (0.13)

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

6.8 (0.27)

13.3 (0.94)

17.0 (1.77)

5.5 (0.43)

2.7 (0.18)

6.9 (0.68)

11.5 (1.48)

2.4 (0.28)

17.3 (0.41)

27.5 (1.32)

34.6 (2.12)

13.5 (0.65)

0.9 (0.10)

3.2 (0.50)

6.4 (1.22)

1.0 (0.18)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 118 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table IV. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected circulatory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected circulatory diseases1

Heart disease2

Selected characteristic All types Coronary3 Hypertension4 Stroke

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

31.4

42.0

27.4

37.1

(1.13)

(3.03)

(1.43)

(3.18)

†

20.6

32.7

18.9

22.8

Percent5 (standard error)

(1.02) 54.2 (1.19)

(3.02) 65.1 (3.07)

(1.28) 52.4 (1.64)

(2.57) 50.7 (3.44)

† 33.5 (9.85)

7.2 (0.62)

13.9 (2.19)

8.4 (0.86)

11.7 (2.33)

–

Marital status

Married.......................................

Widowed......................................

Divorced or separated .............................

Never married ..................................

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.6 (0.36)

29.0 (1.13)

13.9 (0.72)

4.9 (0.37)

7.0 (0.80)

6.6 (0.28)

18.3 (1.02)

7.4 (0.52)

1.6 (0.17)

2.5 (0.42)

25.3

53.8

30.6

10.2

12.9

(0.47)

(1.29)

(0.92)

(0.53)

(1.06)

2.3 (0.17)

9.1 (0.78)

3.7 (0.41)

0.5 (0.11)

1.3 (0.34)

Place of residence15

Large MSA ....................................

Small MSA ....................................

Not in MSA ....................................

9.5 (0.34)

11.5 (0.48)

15.8 (0.74)

5.2 (0.26)

6.0 (0.36)

9.3 (0.58)

21.2

24.1

30.6

(0.48)

(0.65)

(0.85)

2.0 (0.16)

2.5 (0.24)

3.5 (0.31)

Region

Northeast .....................................

Midwest ......................................

South........................................

West ........................................

11.1

12.5

11.2

10.2

(0.65)

(0.57)

(0.45)

(0.54)

5.7 (0.46)

6.8 (0.45)

6.3 (0.35)

5.5 (0.37)

22.7

24.2

25.4

21.2

(0.86)

(0.77)

(0.56)

(0.66)

2.3 (0.30)

2.4 (0.22)

2.7 (0.24)

2.2 (0.21)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................

Hispanic or Latina, female ...........................

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...........................

White, single race, female..........................

Black or African American, single race, male ..............

Black or African American, single race, female .............

6.3 (0.76)

6.9 (0.66)

14.0 (0.54)

11.8 (0.41)

7.9 (0.76)

9.8 (0.72)

4.0 (0.56)

3.7 (0.47)

8.9 (0.42)

5.1 (0.28)

4.4 (0.57)

5.4 (0.55)

13.3

17.3

25.0

24.7

25.8

32.9

(0.96)

(0.96)

(0.62)

(0.58)

(1.43)

(1.19)

1.2 (0.29)

2.1 (0.36)

2.2 (0.20)

2.7 (0.20)

2.3 (0.47)

3.9 (0.50)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had: hypertension (or high blood pressure), coronary heart disease, angina
 

(or angina pectoris), heart attack (or myocardial infarction), any other heart condition or disease not already mentioned, or a stroke. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Heart disease includes coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, or any other heart condition or disease.
 

3Coronary heart disease includes coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, or heart attack.
 

4Persons had to have been told on two or more different visits that they had hypertension or high blood pressure to be classified as hypertensive.
 

5Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). The percentages in this table are rounded.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix I), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

10Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

13Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix I).
 

15MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 2.
 

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 119

Table V. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected respiratory diseases1

Asthma

Chronic

Selected characteristic Emphysema Ever had Still has Hay fever Sinusitis bronchitis

Percent2 (standard error)

Total3 (crude) .............................. 1.7 (0.10) 10.9 (0.25) 7.3 (0.22) 7.6 (0.22) 11.6 (0.30) 3.4 (0.14)

Total3 (age-adjusted) ......................... 1.6 (0.10) 11.0 (0.25) 7.3 (0.22) 7.5 (0.22) 11.4 (0.30) 3.4 (0.14)

Sex

Male ................................... 1.9 (0.16) 9.6 (0.36) 5.4 (0.28) 6.6 (0.30) 9.1 (0.40) 2.4 (0.18)

Female .................................. 1.5 (0.13) 12.2 (0.36) 9.0 (0.31) 8.5 (0.31) 14.1 (0.41) 4.4 (0.22)

Age

18–44 years ............................... 0.2 (0.06) 11.7 (0.40) 7.2 (0.34) 6.7 (0.31) 9.3 (0.37) 2.3 (0.17)

45–64 years ............................... 2.3 (0.22) 10.4 (0.44) 7.2 (0.36) 9.5 (0.38) 14.7 (0.50) 4.2 (0.28)

65–74 years ............................... 4.5 (0.48) 10.6 (0.73) 8.3 (0.64) 6.8 (0.64) 13.5 (0.82) 5.5 (0.55)

75 years and over ........................... 5.2 (0.57) 8.8 (0.72) 6.6 (0.61) 5.6 (0.52) 11.6 (0.86) 4.8 (0.51)

Race

1 race4 .................................. 1.6 (0.10) 10.8 (0.25) 7.2 (0.22) 7.5 (0.23) 11.6 (0.30) 3.3 (0.14)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 (0.12) 11.1 (0.29) 7.3 (0.25) 7.9 (0.26) 12.2 (0.35) 3.5 (0.16)

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 (0.21) 10.2 (0.61) 7.7 (0.53) 5.7 (0.47) 10.9 (0.60) 3.1 (0.33)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ † 10.9 (2.83) 6.7 (1.86) 7.2 (2.10) 8.4 (1.93) *2.6 (1.02)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *0.2 (0.10) 8.1 (1.01) 3.4 (0.54) 6.5 (0.83) 4.8 (0.69) 1.2 (0.34)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... – † † – † †

2 or more races5 ............................ *4.1 (1.54) 19.3 (2.41) 13.2 (1.99) 9.9 (1.79) 13.3 (2.14) 7.9 (1.59)

Black or African American, white ................. – *14.5 (5.14) † *11.6 (5.59) † †

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ *6.7 (2.72) 15.6 (3.34) 10.4 (2.62) 10.7 (2.68) 17.2 (3.31) 10.2 (2.61)

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 0.9 (0.16) 9.0 (0.55) 5.6 (0.43) 4.9 (0.42) 6.9 (0.50) 1.7 (0.24)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 0.5 (0.14) 7.3 (0.64) 4.3 (0.51) 4.7 (0.53) 6.3 (0.65) 1.1 (0.27)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 1.8 (0.11) 11.2 (0.28) 7.5 (0.25) 8.0 (0.25) 12.4 (0.33) 3.7 (0.16)

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 (0.13) 11.5 (0.33) 7.7 (0.29) 8.4 (0.29) 13.1 (0.40) 3.9 (0.18)

Black or African American, single race ............. 0.8 (0.21) 10.1 (0.61) 7.7 (0.54) 5.7 (0.48) 11.0 (0.61) 3.2 (0.33)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .................. 4.3 (0.43) 10.1 (0.58) 7.8 (0.52) 6.3 (0.47) 11.2 (0.70) 5.1 (0.44)

High school diploma or GED8 .................... 2.4 (0.24) 9.2 (0.47) 6.4 (0.42) 5.7 (0.34) 12.4 (0.52) 4.3 (0.31)

Some college .............................. 1.7 (0.23) 11.8 (0.53) 8.3 (0.46) 9.3 (0.45) 14.0 (0.56) 4.1 (0.29)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 0.5 (0.08) 10.8 (0.50) 6.5 (0.40) 10.3 (0.49) 12.6 (0.57) 1.9 (0.20)

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................... 3.1 (0.24) 13.0 (0.43) 9.4 (0.39) 6.4 (0.32) 12.2 (0.46) 5.6 (0.30)

$35,000 or more ............................ 1.0 (0.12) 10.3 (0.35) 6.5 (0.30) 8.5 (0.32) 11.5 (0.40) 2.4 (0.16)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 1.7 (0.28) 10.1 (0.68) 6.7 (0.60) 6.9 (0.53) 10.3 (0.61) 2.7 (0.31)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 1.4 (0.26) 11.4 (0.69) 7.6 (0.60) 8.0 (0.54) 11.9 (0.68) 2.6 (0.32)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... *0.8 (0.26) 9.0 (0.76) 5.7 (0.60) 8.6 (0.71) 12.7 (1.06) 2.9 (0.41)

$100,000 or more .......................... *0.3 (0.12) 10.4 (0.69) 5.9 (0.50) 10.3 (0.65) 11.4 (0.73) 1.6 (0.24)

Poverty status10

Poor.................................... 2.6 (0.34) 14.4 (0.75) 10.7 (0.65) 5.7 (0.51) 11.1 (0.75) 5.4 (0.52)

Near poor ................................ 3.0 (0.38) 12.4 (0.68) 8.6 (0.58) 7.0 (0.52) 11.2 (0.64) 5.1 (0.48)

Not poor ................................. 1.2 (0.12) 10.5 (0.33) 6.6 (0.28) 8.5 (0.30) 12.3 (0.41) 2.8 (0.16)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 (0.09) 10.8 (0.34) 6.8 (0.28) 8.5 (0.32) 12.2 (0.43) 2.3 (0.16)

Medicaid................................ 2.8 (0.39) 17.3 (1.10) 13.8 (0.95) 8.2 (0.82) 12.7 (0.97) 7.1 (0.74)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 (1.42) 13.4 (1.53) 8.9 (1.31) 8.5 (1.19) 15.7 (1.60) 8.3 (1.37)

Uninsured ............................... 0.9 (0.20) 9.7 (0.64) 6.0 (0.53) 5.5 (0.44) 7.9 (0.52) 3.3 (0.33)

Age 65 years and over:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 (0.50) 9.8 (0.71) 7.3 (0.58) 6.8 (0.65) 12.0 (0.79) 4.8 (0.48)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 8.0 (1.70) 15.4 (2.21) 13.7 (2.06) 6.8 (1.63) 15.5 (2.30) 10.1 (1.94)

Medicare only ............................ 4.2 (0.63) 7.9 (0.85) 6.4 (0.80) 5.1 (0.66) 12.5 (1.11) 4.1 (0.56)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 (1.87) 12.0 (2.25) 8.8 (1.97) 5.9 (1.43) 15.5 (2.29) 8.0 (1.81)

Uninsured ............................... † † † † † †

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 120 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table V. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected respiratory diseases among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected respiratory diseases1

Asthma

Chronic

Selected characteristic Emphysema Ever had Still has Hay fever Sinusitis bronchitis

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married .................................. 1.5 (0.13) 9.4 (0.33) 6.4 (0.28) 8.3 (0.31) 12.8 (0.44) 3.0 (0.19)

Widowed ................................. 5.3 (0.63) 11.1 (0.80) 8.8 (0.75) 6.4 (0.52) 13.3 (0.88) 6.4 (0.63)

Divorced or separated......................... 2.7 (0.33) 13.3 (0.66) 9.3 (0.57) 7.8 (0.55) 14.6 (0.72) 4.9 (0.40)

Never married.............................. 0.5 (0.11) 12.4 (0.61) 7.1 (0.45) 5.6 (0.42) 7.6 (0.45) 2.3 (0.24)

Living with a partner .......................... 1.7 (0.44) 15.2 (1.76) 10.5 (1.68) 8.4 (0.89) 8.3 (0.84) 4.5 (0.71)

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................... 1.1 (0.12) 10.5 (0.36) 6.7 (0.31) 7.7 (0.33) 10.5 (0.41) 2.7 (0.18)

Small MSA................................ 2.0 (0.21) 11.8 (0.47) 7.8 (0.41) 7.5 (0.39) 12.1 (0.57) 3.8 (0.26)

Not in MSA ............................... 2.7 (0.29) 10.5 (0.54) 7.7 (0.50) 7.3 (0.47) 14.1 (0.74) 4.7 (0.40)

Region

Northeast ................................ 1.2 (0.20) 11.7 (0.61) 7.7 (0.50) 8.3 (0.58) 10.3 (0.72) 2.8 (0.30)

Midwest ................................. 1.8 (0.23) 11.4 (0.56) 7.9 (0.53) 6.3 (0.46) 11.4 (0.70) 3.2 (0.27)

South ................................... 1.9 (0.17) 9.9 (0.39) 6.7 (0.33) 7.2 (0.34) 14.2 (0.48) 4.1 (0.26)

West ................................... 1.6 (0.21) 11.5 (0.52) 7.2 (0.44) 9.1 (0.49) 8.7 (0.56) 2.9 (0.27)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 0.6 (0.17) 7.4 (0.76) 3.4 (0.49) 4.2 (0.52) 6.0 (0.71) 1.2 (0.30)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 1.2 (0.27) 10.7 (0.73) 7.9 (0.65) 5.7 (0.65) 7.8 (0.61) 2.2 (0.37)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 2.3 (0.22) 10.4 (0.48) 6.0 (0.39) 7.5 (0.39) 10.4 (0.55) 2.7 (0.24)

White, single race, female ..................... 1.8 (0.16) 12.5 (0.46) 9.3 (0.41) 9.3 (0.40) 15.6 (0.53) 4.9 (0.28)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 0.9 (0.24) 7.9 (0.90) 5.1 (0.72) 4.5 (0.71) 6.5 (0.79) 2.0 (0.44)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ *0.7 (0.32) 11.9 (0.80) 9.8 (0.72) 6.6 (0.67) 14.7 (0.93) 4.1 (0.48)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

– Quantity zero.
 

1Respondents were asked in two separate questions if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had emphysema or asthma. Respondents who had been told they had
 

asthma were asked if they still had asthma. Respondents were asked in three separate questions if they had been told by a doctor or other health professional in the past 12 months that they had hay
 

fever, sinusitis, or bronchitis. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see ‘‘Appendix I’’). The percentages in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 4.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 121

Table VI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007

Selected type of cancer1

Selected characteristic

Any

cancer

Breast

cancer

Cervical

cancer

Prostate

cancer

Total3

(crude) ...................................

Total3 (age-adjusted) ..............................

7.3 (0.21)

7.3 (0.19)

Percent2 (standard error)

1.2 (0.08) 0.9 (0.09)

1.2 (0.07) 0.9 (0.09)

1.9 (0.15)

2.1 (0.16)

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

6.6 (0.29)

8.0 (0.28)

†

2.3 (0.15)

...

0.9 (0.09)

1.9 (0.15)

...

Age

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

1.9 (0.15)

8.3 (0.38)

19.6 (0.92)

25.0 (1.12)

0.2 (0.04)

1.4 (0.14)

3.3 (0.40)

4.7 (0.55)

0.8 (0.12)

1.1 (0.18)

*0.9 (0.27)

*0.6 (0.26)

–

1.5 (0.25)

7.4 (0.89)

12.8 (1.47)

Race

1 race4 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races5 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

7.4 (0.21)

8.3 (0.25)

3.9 (0.37)

*2.1 (0.95)

2.7 (0.55)

†

2.9 (0.77)

†

*3.4 (1.22)

1.2 (0.08)

1.3 (0.09)

0.9 (0.15)

†

*0.5 (0.19)

–

†

†

†

0.9 (0.09)

1.0 (0.10)

0.7 (0.20)

†

†

–

†

–

†

1.9 (0.15)

1.9 (0.16)

2.3 (0.50)

†

*0.9 (0.43)

–

–

–

–

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

2.6 (0.28)

2.1 (0.30)

8.1 (0.23)

9.3 (0.28)

3.9 (0.37)

0.5 (0.12)

*0.5 (0.15)

1.3 (0.09)

1.4 (0.10)

0.8 (0.16)

0.4 (0.13)

*0.4 (0.18)

0.9 (0.10)

1.0 (0.12)

*0.7 (0.21)

0.8 (0.19)

*0.5 (0.20)

2.1 (0.17)

2.1 (0.19)

2.4 (0.52)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED8 .........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

8.5 (0.54)

8.6 (0.46)

7.7 (0.40)

8.6 (0.44)

1.7 (0.23)

1.5 (0.17)

1.2 (0.15)

1.1 (0.16)

1.1 (0.28)

0.9 (0.18)

1.2 (0.19)

0.7 (0.16)

2.6 (0.56)

2.0 (0.32)

1.9 (0.28)

2.3 (0.30)

Family income9

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

8.2 (0.39)

6.9 (0.27)

7.6 (0.51)

6.0 (0.47)

6.3 (0.57)

7.5 (0.59)

1.5 (0.14)

0.9 (0.09)

1.0 (0.17)

0.7 (0.14)

1.0 (0.26)

1.0 (0.19)

1.1 (0.17)

0.8 (0.12)

1.2 (0.27)

*0.7 (0.22)

*1.0 (0.30)

*0.6 (0.20)

2.3 (0.31)

1.7 (0.18)

2.3 (0.45)

1.9 (0.34)

*1.0 (0.32)

1.6 (0.34)

Poverty status10

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

5.5 (0.51)

6.9 (0.48)

7.5 (0.26)

1.2 (0.24)

1.0 (0.17)

1.1 (0.09)

1.1 (0.22)

1.1 (0.26)

0.9 (0.12)

*0.7 (0.23)

1.7 (0.40)

1.9 (0.18)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

4.7 (0.23)

5.4 (0.69)

7.3 (1.00)

2.8 (0.31)

24.9 (1.04)

18.5 (2.58)

18.0 (1.21)

20.7 (2.51)

†

0.7 (0.09)

1.1 (0.23)

*0.9 (0.37)

†

4.2 (0.44)

*4.1 (1.60)

3.7 (0.61)

*2.9 (1.11)

–

0.6 (0.10)

1.5 (0.40)

*1.4 (0.54)

1.4 (0.30)

*0.7 (0.24)

†

*1.0 (0.38)

–

–

0.7 (0.14)

†

*1.5 (0.69)

†

10.5 (1.04)

*13.5 (4.33)

7.3 (1.34)

10.5 (2.93)

–

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 122 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table VI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of cancer among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007—Con.

Selected type of cancer1

Any Breast Cervical Prostate

Selected characteristic cancer cancer cancer cancer

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married....................................... 7.8 (0.30) 1.1 (0.11) 0.6 (0.09) 2.6 (0.23)

Widowed...................................... 18.6 (0.97) 4.9 (0.52) *0.9 (0.26) 8.2 (1.73)

Divorced or separated ............................. 9.6 (0.68) 2.0 (0.26) 2.0 (0.38) 1.3 (0.30)

Never married .................................. 2.3 (0.22) 0.2 (0.05) 0.6 (0.15) *0.2 (0.06)

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 (0.64) † 2.3 (0.63) †

Place of residence12

Large MSA .................................... 6.2 (0.26) 1.3 (0.11) 0.7 (0.11) 1.5 (0.18)

Small MSA .................................... 8.1 (0.39) 1.1 (0.13) 0.8 (0.15) 2.3 (0.27)

Not in MSA .................................... 9.1 (0.57) 1.1 (0.19) 1.5 (0.27) 2.3 (0.42)

Region

Northeast ..................................... 7.4 (0.48) 1.4 (0.19) 1.0 (0.23) 1.8 (0.32)

Midwest ...................................... 7.6 (0.40) 1.3 (0.16) 0.8 (0.17) 2.1 (0.34)

South........................................ 7.4 (0.38) 1.1 (0.13) 1.0 (0.14) 2.2 (0.26)

West ........................................ 6.8 (0.40) 1.1 (0.14) 0.8 (0.18) 1.3 (0.23)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 1.5 (0.28) – . . . 0.8 (0.19)

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 3.8 (0.49) 1.1 (0.25) 0.4 (0.13) . . .

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 8.6 (0.41) † . . . 2.1 (0.19)

White, single race, female.......................... 9.9 (0.37) 2.7 (0.20) 1.0 (0.12) . . .

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 3.9 (0.59) † . . . 2.4 (0.52)

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 4.0 (0.48) 1.5 (0.28) *0.7 (0.21) . . .

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

. . . Category not applicable.

– Quantity zero.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

1Respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had a cancer or a malignancy of any kind. They were then asked to name the kind of cancer

they had. A person may be represented in more than one column.

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Further, the denominators for calculating cervical cancer and prostate cancer

percentages are sex-specific, and the denominators for calculating breast cancer percentages encompass all adults. The percentages in this table are rounded.

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 6.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 123

Table VII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected diseases and conditions

Selected characteristic Diabetes1 Ulcers1

Kidney

disease2

Liver

disease2

Arthritis

diagnosis3

Chronic joint

symptoms3

Percent4 (standard error)

Total5 (crude) ..............................

Total5 (age-adjusted) .........................

7.8 (0.22)

7.6 (0.21)

6.5 (0.20)

6.4 (0.20)

1.5 (0.09)

1.5 (0.09)

1.2 (0.08)

1.1 (0.08)

20.8 (0.36)

20.3 (0.31)

24.2 (0.40)

23.6 (0.37)

Sex

Male ...................................

Female ..................................

7.9 (0.32)

7.8 (0.28)

6.1 (0.29)

6.9 (0.26)

1.4 (0.13)

1.6 (0.13)

1.1 (0.12)

1.3 (0.11)

17.3 (0.47)

24.2 (0.49)

21.9 (0.49)

26.4 (0.53)

Age

18–44 years ...............................

45–64 years ...............................

65–74 years ...............................

75 years and over ...........................

2.2 (0.19)

10.7 (0.42)

20.3 (0.95)

17.6 (1.00)

4.2 (0.24)

7.4 (0.38)

11.0 (0.72)

12.6 (0.86)

0.7 (0.09)

1.6 (0.16)

3.1 (0.43)

4.5 (0.49)

0.7 (0.09)

1.8 (0.16)

1.9 (0.32)

0.9 (0.21)

7.1 (0.31)

28.2 (0.65)

43.4 (1.25)

52.7 (1.36)

13.3 (0.41)

32.6 (0.70)

37.2 (1.16)

42.9 (1.30)

Race

1 race6 ..................................

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ................

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ...........

2 or more races7 ............................

Black or African American, white .................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............

7.8 (0.22)

7.2 (0.24)

10.9 (0.60)

14.8 (3.20)

7.9 (1.01)

†

8.8 (1.65)

†

11.5 (2.63)

6.5 (0.21)

7.0 (0.24)

4.7 (0.36)

*7.3 (2.98)

2.9 (0.57)

†

7.4 (1.47)

†

9.4 (2.33)

1.5 (0.09)

1.4 (0.10)

2.2 (0.29)

†

*0.7 (0.22)

–

*3.7 (1.18)

†

*3.5 (1.49)

1.2 (0.08)

1.2 (0.09)

0.9 (0.16)

†

0.9 (0.27)

–

*2.9 (0.93)

†

*4.7 (1.71)

20.8 (0.36)

21.9 (0.41)

18.3 (0.76)

23.7 (3.32)

8.1 (1.04)

†

23.4 (2.72)

*15.9 (5.43)

31.2 (4.04)

24.1 (0.40)

25.1 (0.45)

21.2 (0.85)

27.5 (3.47)

13.5 (1.32)

†

32.4 (2.99)

*16.0 (5.28)

43.0 (4.45)

Hispanic or Latino origin8 and race

Hispanic or Latino ...........................

Mexican or Mexican American ..................

Not Hispanic or Latino.........................

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race .............

7.8 (0.51)

7.8 (0.66)

7.8 (0.24)

7.1 (0.27)

11.2 (0.61)

4.0 (0.35)

3.8 (0.45)

6.9 (0.23)

7.5 (0.27)

4.6 (0.37)

1.4 (0.20)

1.5 (0.27)

1.5 (0.10)

1.4 (0.10)

2.3 (0.29)

1.3 (0.22)

1.2 (0.26)

1.2 (0.08)

1.2 (0.10)

1.0 (0.16)

11.4 (0.63)

9.5 (0.70)

22.3 (0.40)

23.9 (0.46)

18.3 (0.77)

15.6 (0.73)

14.1 (0.92)

25.6 (0.44)

26.9 (0.52)

21.4 (0.86)

Education9

Less than a high school diploma ..................

High school diploma or GED10 ...................

Some college ..............................

Bachelor’s degree or higher .....................

14.9 (0.69)

10.0 (0.50)

7.6 (0.46)

5.7 (0.36)

10.1 (0.64)

7.1 (0.41)

7.7 (0.48)

5.1 (0.35)

3.0 (0.33)

2.2 (0.25)

1.4 (0.17)

0.8 (0.13)

2.2 (0.28)

1.3 (0.17)

1.6 (0.19)

0.6 (0.11)

29.1 (0.99)

26.0 (0.75)

24.5 (0.72)

17.9 (0.62)

29.7 (0.99)

27.7 (0.80)

29.9 (0.78)

21.6 (0.67)

Family income11

Less than $35,000 ...........................

$35,000 or more ............................

$35,000–$49,999 ..........................

$50,000–$74,999 ..........................

$75,000–$99,999 ..........................

$100,000 or more ..........................

11.0 (0.41)

6.1 (0.27)

8.3 (0.60)

6.7 (0.58)

5.4 (0.57)

4.2 (0.42)

9.2 (0.39)

5.5 (0.27)

7.1 (0.57)

5.5 (0.54)

4.5 (0.50)

4.7 (0.45)

2.7 (0.19)

0.9 (0.10)

1.3 (0.25)

1.2 (0.22)

*0.7 (0.22)

*0.4 (0.14)

1.8 (0.17)

0.9 (0.11)

1.4 (0.29)

1.1 (0.21)

*0.7 (0.21)

0.6 (0.14)

26.2 (0.66)

18.5 (0.43)

20.4 (0.85)

17.8 (0.83)

18.5 (1.07)

17.7 (0.83)

28.3 (0.69)

23.0 (0.50)

24.8 (0.95)

21.6 (0.90)

22.6 (1.14)

23.1 (0.91)

Poverty status12

Poor....................................

Near poor ................................

Not poor .................................

9.9 (0.64)

10.1 (0.70)

6.6 (0.26)

8.3 (0.64)

8.5 (0.65)

6.0 (0.25)

2.2 (0.26)

2.8 (0.33)

1.0 (0.10)

2.2 (0.28)

1.6 (0.29)

1.0 (0.09)

21.1 (0.98)

23.5 (0.88)

20.0 (0.43)

24.9 (1.06)

26.8 (0.95)

23.9 (0.50)

Health insurance coverage13

Under age 65 years:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid................................

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ...............................

Age 65 years and over:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ......................

Medicare only ............................

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ...............................

5.0 (0.23)

11.3 (1.16)

12.7 (1.44)

4.7 (0.41)

17.1 (0.92)

30.5 (2.86)

19.9 (1.37)

20.7 (2.69)

*30.0 (9.33)

4.9 (0.24)

9.3 (1.10)

8.6 (1.21)

5.6 (0.42)

12.0 (0.75)

17.2 (2.20)

10.0 (0.95)

12.9 (2.17)

†

0.6 (0.08)

3.9 (0.58)

4.0 (0.81)

1.0 (0.17)

3.3 (0.42)

8.0 (1.48)

3.9 (0.61)

*3.8 (1.28)

–

0.9 (0.11)

3.3 (0.49)

3.1 (0.69)

0.8 (0.15)

1.4 (0.26)

*1.6 (0.65)

1.5 (0.38)

*2.0 (0.84)

–

15.7 (0.42)

21.2 (1.16)

32.9 (2.12)

10.2 (0.58)

47.6 (1.19)

57.6 (3.14)

45.7 (1.65)

50.8 (3.23)

*23.7 (9.19)

20.8 (0.48)

26.8 (1.32)

33.7 (1.98)

18.2 (0.74)

39.6 (1.14)

48.8 (2.96)

37.6 (1.54)

44.6 (3.36)

*26.9 (9.28)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 124 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table VII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of selected diseases and conditions among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected diseases and conditions

Kidney Liver Arthritis Chronic joint

Selected characteristic Diabetes1 Ulcers1 disease2 disease2 diagnosis3 symptoms3

Marital status Percent4 (standard error)

Married .................................. 8.3 (0.30) 6.3 (0.27) 1.3 (0.12) 1.1 (0.11) 22.5 (0.51) 25.3 (0.53)

Widowed ................................. 16.7 (0.95) 10.4 (0.68) 4.1 (0.50) 1.0 (0.22) 48.7 (1.34) 40.9 (1.33)

Divorced or separated......................... 10.2 (0.53) 10.0 (0.61) 2.1 (0.26) 2.6 (0.32) 26.4 (0.87) 31.6 (0.95)

Never married.............................. 3.6 (0.38) 4.0 (0.41) 0.9 (0.15) 0.7 (0.15) 7.0 (0.42) 13.2 (0.57)

Living with a partner .......................... 4.3 (0.60) 7.0 (0.78) *1.3 (0.39) 1.5 (0.38) 14.3 (1.15) 20.9 (1.34)

Place of residence14

Large MSA ............................... 7.0 (0.27) 5.4 (0.26) 1.2 (0.10) 1.1 (0.10) 18.4 (0.47) 21.1 (0.50)

Small MSA................................ 7.7 (0.40) 6.8 (0.40) 1.7 (0.18) 1.2 (0.16) 21.6 (0.66) 26.0 (0.78)

Not in MSA ............................... 10.3 (0.60) 9.2 (0.54) 2.0 (0.24) 1.4 (0.20) 26.6 (1.00) 29.7 (1.04)

Region

Northeast ................................ 6.7 (0.48) 5.0 (0.39) 1.4 (0.23) 0.9 (0.15) 20.9 (0.82) 22.5 (0.83)

Midwest ................................. 7.9 (0.45) 7.6 (0.50) 1.4 (0.17) 1.3 (0.16) 22.7 (0.74) 25.4 (0.82)

South ................................... 8.4 (0.36) 6.5 (0.34) 1.5 (0.14) 1.0 (0.12) 20.4 (0.61) 23.7 (0.72)

West ................................... 7.6 (0.48) 6.4 (0.40) 1.6 (0.19) 1.6 (0.21) 19.4 (0.74) 25.1 (0.75)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 7.3 (0.72) 3.4 (0.44) 1.3 (0.27) 1.0 (0.29) 7.7 (0.79) 14.2 (1.02)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 8.4 (0.72) 4.7 (0.55) 1.5 (0.30) 1.6 (0.33) 15.4 (0.91) 17.0 (1.02)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 7.3 (0.40) 7.1 (0.38) 1.2 (0.15) 1.1 (0.14) 20.3 (0.64) 24.5 (0.65)

White, single race, female ..................... 6.9 (0.35) 7.8 (0.35) 1.6 (0.16) 1.3 (0.15) 27.2 (0.65) 29.2 (0.69)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 10.4 (0.94) 4.7 (0.59) 2.5 (0.50) 1.2 (0.27) 13.4 (1.02) 17.3 (1.15)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 11.8 (0.76) 4.6 (0.45) 2.1 (0.33) 0.7 (0.19) 22.2 (1.09) 24.7 (1.17)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

– Quantity zero.
 

1In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had an ulcer (including a stomach, duodenal, or peptic ulcer) or diabetes
 

(or sugar diabetes; female respondents were instructed to exclude pregnancy-related diabetes). Responses from persons who said they had ‘‘borderline’’ diabetes were treated as unknown with
 

respect to diabetes. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2In separate questions, respondents were asked if they had been told in the last 12 months by a doctor or other health professional that they had: weak or failing kidneys (excluding kidney stones,
 

bladder infections, or incontinence) or any kind of liver condition.
 

3

Respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia. Those that answered yes
 

were classified as having an arthritis diagnosis. Respondents were also asked: ‘‘During the past 30 days, have you had pain, aching, or stiffness in or around a joint?’’ (excluding back and neck) and, if yes,
 

‘‘Did your joint symptoms first begin more than 3 months ago?’’ Respondents with symptoms that began more than 3 months ago were classified in this table as having chronic joint symptoms.
 

4Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

6In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

7The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

8Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

9Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over. Estimates are age adjusted to the projected 2000 U.S. standard population using four age groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74
 

years, and 75 years and over.
 

10GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

11The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

12Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

13Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

14MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 8.
 

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 125

Table VIII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among persons 18 years of

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected characteristic

Migraines

or severe

headaches1

Pain in

neck2

Pain in

lower back3

Pain in

face or jaw4

Percent5 (standard error)

Total6 (crude) ...................................

Total6 (age-adjusted) ..............................

12.3 (0.27)

12.3 (0.28)

13.0 (0.28)

12.8 (0.28)

25.6 (0.38)

25.4 (0.38)

4.1 (0.17)

4.0 (0.17)

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

7.4 (0.33)

16.8 (0.43)

10.8 (0.39)

15.0 (0.39)

23.5 (0.52)

27.5 (0.51)

2.4 (0.19)

5.6 (0.26)

Age

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

14.8 (0.43)

12.2 (0.47)

5.6 (0.51)

3.5 (0.42)

10.7 (0.36)

15.9 (0.51)

14.7 (0.86)

13.5 (0.87)

22.2 (0.53)

28.7 (0.63)

29.4 (1.04)

29.7 (1.16)

4.2 (0.24)

4.5 (0.28)

3.2 (0.40)

2.1 (0.33)

Race

1 race7 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races8 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

12.2 (0.27)

12.3 (0.30)

11.4 (0.61)

20.8 (4.52)

10.1 (1.05)

†

19.0 (2.53)

*13.5 (5.57)

22.2 (3.80)

13.0 (0.28)

13.7 (0.32)

9.4 (0.58)

15.1 (3.22)

8.6 (0.94)

†

17.8 (2.44)

*11.4 (4.70)

24.0 (3.84)

25.5 (0.38)

26.3 (0.43)

22.8 (0.82)

24.4 (3.45)

17.3 (1.40)

43.4 (12.38)

35.0 (3.33)

30.3 (7.32)

41.6 (4.99)

4.0 (0.17)

4.2 (0.19)

3.1 (0.33)

*8.7 (3.28)

2.5 (0.49)

†

7.9 (1.84)

†

*9.9 (3.05)

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

11.6 (0.62)

10.5 (0.74)

12.4 (0.30)

12.5 (0.34)

11.5 (0.63)

11.1 (0.62)

10.5 (0.79)

13.3 (0.31)

14.2 (0.37)

9.4 (0.59)

23.0 (0.91)

21.6 (1.14)

26.0 (0.42)

27.1 (0.48)

22.2 (0.81)

3.3 (0.33)

2.8 (0.43)

4.2 (0.19)

4.4 (0.22)

3.0 (0.33)

Education10

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED11 ........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

12.9 (0.73)

12.2 (0.55)

14.3 (0.56)

10.3 (0.49)

15.5 (0.71)

13.5 (0.56)

15.6 (0.62)

12.1 (0.51)

31.7 (0.96)

28.6 (0.71)

28.6 (0.71)

21.1 (0.65)

3.9 (0.41)

3.8 (0.30)

5.3 (0.35)

3.3 (0.26)

Family income12

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

15.8 (0.52)

11.2 (0.35)

11.5 (0.67)

12.4 (0.69)

10.2 (0.76)

10.3 (0.65)

15.9 (0.46)

12.1 (0.38)

13.2 (0.72)

11.7 (0.66)

11.7 (0.84)

11.8 (0.68)

31.4 (0.69)

23.4 (0.48)

25.0 (0.91)

25.0 (0.84)

22.8 (1.11)

21.0 (0.84)

5.4 (0.33)

3.5 (0.21)

3.7 (0.37)

3.4 (0.37)

4.2 (0.55)

3.1 (0.35)

Poverty status13

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

19.1 (0.98)

16.0 (0.73)

11.2 (0.34)

16.3 (0.79)

15.9 (0.73)

12.3 (0.37)

31.6 (1.29)

30.1 (0.87)

24.1 (0.47)

6.8 (0.59)

4.8 (0.46)

3.6 (0.20)

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

12.1 (0.37)

24.6 (1.22)

20.0 (1.69)

14.5 (0.72)

3.8 (0.43)

11.4 (1.87)

4.9 (0.70)

*3.3 (1.11)

†

11.8 (0.38)

18.6 (1.08)

20.4 (1.72)

12.8 (0.65)

13.5 (0.79)

22.0 (2.64)

14.4 (1.12)

12.1 (2.13)

†

22.5 (0.47)

37.1 (1.51)

35.5 (2.02)

26.3 (0.86)

30.3 (1.04)

44.3 (3.12)

25.8 (1.42)

26.2 (2.99)

*21.2 (8.87)

3.7 (0.21)

9.0 (0.96)

8.3 (1.17)

4.0 (0.39)

2.3 (0.33)

7.4 (1.66)

2.3 (0.49)

*2.0 (0.70)

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 126 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table VIII. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of migraines and pain in the neck, lower back, face or jaw among persons 18 years of

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Migraines

or severe Pain in Pain in Pain in

Selected characteristic headaches1 neck2 lower back3 face or jaw4

Marital status Percent5 (standard error)

Married....................................... 11.9 (0.37) 13.1 (0.39) 25.4 (0.50) 3.8 (0.24)

Widowed...................................... 6.3 (0.60) 13.7 (0.90) 29.8 (1.12) 3.2 (0.43)

Divorced or separated ............................. 15.6 (0.71) 18.2 (0.74) 32.1 (0.94) 6.0 (0.44)

Never married .................................. 11.8 (0.53) 9.8 (0.50) 20.3 (0.74) 4.1 (0.36)

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 (1.32) 12.8 (1.15) 29.4 (1.58) 4.2 (0.65)

Place of residence15

Large MSA .................................... 11.4 (0.38) 11.6 (0.39) 23.3 (0.52) 3.7 (0.21)

Small MSA .................................... 12.9 (0.51) 14.1 (0.53) 27.2 (0.72) 4.5 (0.32)

Not in MSA .................................... 13.4 (0.59) 15.1 (0.67) 29.3 (0.92) 4.2 (0.41)

Region

Northeast ..................................... 11.3 (0.54) 12.6 (0.68) 25.9 (1.04) 3.8 (0.37)

Midwest ...................................... 11.9 (0.60) 12.8 (0.56) 26.0 (0.72) 4.1 (0.33)

South........................................ 12.5 (0.46) 12.3 (0.48) 24.0 (0.66) 4.2 (0.29)

West ........................................ 13.0 (0.60) 14.8 (0.57) 27.5 (0.68) 4.0 (0.36)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 5.7 (0.66) 9.0 (0.84) 19.8 (1.22) 1.6 (0.33)

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 17.9 (1.01) 13.4 (0.92) 26.4 (1.19) 5.0 (0.59)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 7.9 (0.42) 12.0 (0.50) 25.4 (0.66) 2.4 (0.22)

White, single race, female.......................... 16.8 (0.54) 16.2 (0.51) 28.6 (0.64) 6.2 (0.35)

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 6.4 (0.75) 7.2 (0.87) 18.3 (1.23) 2.0 (0.46)

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 15.7 (0.90) 11.3 (0.78) 25.4 (1.04) 3.8 (0.45)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have a severe headache or migraine?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and
 

conversely, not to report fleeting or minor aches or pains. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have neck pain?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report
 

fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

3Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have low back pain?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report
 

fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

4Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past three months, did you have facial ache or pain in the jaw muscles or the joint in front of the ear?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had
 

lasted a whole day or more, and conversely, not to report fleeting or minor aches or pains. Persons may be represented in more than one column.
 

5Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). The percentages in this table are rounded.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘One race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

10Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

13Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold.
 

‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different
 

income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

15‘‘MSA’’ is Metropolitan Statistical Area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not
 

living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 10.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 127

Table IX. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among persons 18 years of age

and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected sensory problems1

Absence

Hearing Vision of all

Selected characteristic trouble trouble natural teeth

Percent2 (standard error)

Total5 (crude)........................................

Total5 (age-adjusted) ...................................

14.9 (0.29)

14.7 (0.27)

10.0 (0.26)

9.9 (0.26)

7.6 (0.22)

7.6 (0.21)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...........................................

17.9 (0.47)

12.2 (0.35)

8.4 (0.34)

11.6 (0.38)

7.2 (0.30)

8.1 (0.29)

Age

18–44 years ........................................

45–64 years ........................................

65–74 years ........................................

75 years and over.....................................

6.0 (0.28)

17.6 (0.55)

29.8 (1.05)

45.0 (1.29)

6.9 (0.31)

12.2 (0.48)

12.9 (0.83)

17.9 (0.99)

1.9 (0.17)

7.4 (0.42)

22.4 (1.01)

30.1 (1.17)

Race

1 race6

............................................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ..........................

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .....................

2 or more races7 .....................................

Black or African American, white ..........................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white......................

14.8 (0.29)

16.4 (0.33)

7.3 (0.47)

14.4 (2.89)

6.4 (0.78)

*38.3 (12.54)

21.9 (2.89)

†

28.3 (3.94)

10.0 (0.26)

10.2 (0.30)

9.8 (0.56)

16.0 (3.11)

5.5 (0.73)

†

16.1 (2.34)

†

19.8 (3.60)

7.6 (0.22)

7.8 (0.25)

7.2 (0.48)

9.4 (1.90)

5.4 (0.76)

†

10.0 (2.02)

†

15.3 (3.40)

Hispanic or Latino origin8 and race

Hispanic or Latino .....................................

Mexican or Mexican American ............................

Not Hispanic or Latino ..................................

White, single race ...................................

Black or African American, single race .......................

7.7 (0.53)

7.0 (0.62)

16.1 (0.32)

17.9 (0.37)

7.3 (0.48)

8.3 (0.53)

8.1 (0.68)

10.3 (0.29)

10.5 (0.34)

9.9 (0.58)

4.7 (0.40)

3.1 (0.40)

8.1 (0.25)

8.3 (0.29)

7.2 (0.49)

Education9

Less than a high school diploma ............................

High school diploma or GED10 .............................

Some college........................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher...............................

21.3 (0.89)

18.7 (0.63)

16.6 (0.64)

12.1 (0.50)

14.8 (0.76)

11.4 (0.51)

11.2 (0.53)

7.0 (0.41)

19.3 (0.77)

10.7 (0.51)

6.5 (0.39)

2.7 (0.30)

Family income11

Less than $35,000 ....................................

$35,000 or more......................................

$35,000–$49,999 ....................................

$50,000–$74,999 ....................................

$75,000–$99,999 ....................................

$100,000 or more....................................

18.8 (0.55)

13.1 (0.35)

14.2 (0.74)

13.5 (0.67)

12.8 (0.78)

12.0 (0.72)

14.8 (0.55)

8.1 (0.30)

8.8 (0.59)

8.3 (0.55)

7.5 (0.71)

7.7 (0.56)

12.8 (0.46)

5.0 (0.27)

7.8 (0.59)

5.0 (0.41)

4.0 (0.63)

3.5 (0.48)

Poverty status12

Poor .............................................

Near poor ..........................................

Not poor...........................................

14.4 (0.85)

16.3 (0.78)

14.4 (0.34)

14.5 (0.87)

13.6 (0.73)

8.7 (0.29)

9.9 (0.68)

12.2 (0.64)

5.7 (0.25)

Health insurance coverage13

Under age 65 years:

Private ..........................................

Medicaid .........................................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ........................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private ..........................................

Medicaid and Medicare ................................

Medicare only ......................................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ........................................

10.1 (0.34)

14.8 (1.09)

23.7 (1.94)

8.9 (0.53)

37.8 (1.13)

35.7 (3.09)

34.3 (1.72)

41.8 (3.36)

*31.9 (10.02)

7.6 (0.29)

15.5 (1.09)

15.9 (1.56)

10.3 (0.67)

14.3 (0.87)

25.2 (2.51)

14.6 (1.15)

16.4 (2.37)

*16.1 (7.32)

3.0 (0.22)

8.6 (0.87)

12.4 (1.53)

4.5 (0.41)

21.7 (0.94)

42.9 (3.18)

31.3 (1.62)

25.5 (3.05)

*23.2 (9.58)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 128 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table IX. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of hearing trouble, vision trouble, and absence of teeth among persons 18 years of age

and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected sensory problems1

Absence

Hearing Vision of all

Selected characteristic trouble trouble natural teeth

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married ........................................... 16.3 (0.40) 9.3 (0.35) 7.2 (0.31)

Widowed .......................................... 32.8 (1.23) 18.3 (1.05) 28.1 (1.25)

Divorced or separated .................................. 17.5 (0.78) 13.9 (0.72) 9.3 (0.59)

Never married ....................................... 5.8 (0.40) 7.0 (0.45) 2.6 (0.29)

Living with a partner ................................... 11.2 (1.05) 12.2 (1.14) 4.4 (0.65)

Place of residence14

Large MSA ......................................... 12.6 (0.36) 8.8 (0.35) 5.9 (0.29)

Small MSA ......................................... 15.7 (0.56) 10.8 (0.49) 8.3 (0.43)

Not in MSA ......................................... 20.5 (0.73) 12.3 (0.68) 11.4 (0.59)

Region

Northeast .......................................... 14.1 (0.64) 8.5 (0.54) 7.4 (0.47)

Midwest ........................................... 16.4 (0.57) 10.5 (0.58) 8.4 (0.51)

South ............................................ 14.0 (0.48) 10.2 (0.47) 8.1 (0.38)

West ............................................. 15.6 (0.62) 10.6 (0.49) 6.2 (0.41)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ................................. 8.4 (0.83) 6.8 (0.78) 4.2 (0.54)

Hispanic or Latina, female ................................ 6.9 (0.63) 9.9 (0.77) 5.3 (0.59)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male................................ 22.1 (0.61) 8.9 (0.43) 8.0 (0.40)

White, single race, female .............................. 14.1 (0.44) 12.1 (0.49) 8.7 (0.38)

Black or African American, single race, male ................... 6.8 (0.75) 7.9 (0.76) 6.0 (0.73)

Black or African American, single race, female .................. 7.8 (0.67) 11.6 (0.79) 8.2 (0.63)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1Respondents were asked, ‘‘These next questions are about your hearing WITHOUT the use of hearing aids or other listening devices. Is your hearing excellent, good, a little trouble hearing, moderate

trouble, a lot of trouble, or are you deaf?’’ For this table ‘‘A little trouble hearing,’’ ‘‘Moderate trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ and ‘‘Deaf’’ are combined into one category. Data analysts should note that this

question contains more response levels that the 2006 version, which had the following categories: ‘‘Good,’’ ‘‘A little trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ ‘‘Deaf.’’ In 2006, hearing trouble was defined by the
 

following categories: ‘‘A little trouble,’’ ‘‘A lot of trouble,’’ ‘‘Deaf.’’ Estimates of hearing trouble for 2007 may not be comparable with earlier years. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

2Regarding their vision, respondents were asked, ‘‘Do you have any trouble seeing, even when wearing glasses or contact lenses?’’ Respondents were also asked, ‘‘Are you blind or unable to see at
 

all?’’ For this table, ‘‘Any trouble seeing’’ and ‘‘Blind’’ are combined into one category. A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

3Respondents were asked, ‘‘Have you lost all of your upper and lower natural (permanent) teeth?’’ A person may be represented in more than one column.
 

4Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). The percentages in this table are rounded.
 

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

6In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

7The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

8Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

9Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

10GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

11The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

12Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

13Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

14MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 12.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 129

Table X. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything is an effort

among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Selected mental health characteristics1

Sadness Hopelessness Worthlessness Everything is an effort

Selected characteristic

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Total3 (crude) .........................

Total3 (age-adjusted).....................

2.9 (0.13)

2.8 (0.13)

7.1 (0.21)

7.0 (0.21)

2.0 (0.12)

1.9 (0.11)

Percent2 (standard error)

3.8 (0.15) 1.8 (0.11)

3.7 (0.15) 1.7 (0.11)

3.0 (0.14)

3.0 (0.14)

4.8 (0.18)

4.8 (0.17)

7.7 (0.21)

7.7 (0.22)

Sex

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female .............................

2.2 (0.16)

3.5 (0.20)

5.7 (0.29)

8.4 (0.28)

1.5 (0.14)

2.4 (0.18)

3.1 (0.20)

4.4 (0.21)

1.4 (0.13)

2.1 (0.18)

2.5 (0.19)

3.4 (0.19)

4.2 (0.24)

5.4 (0.24)

6.5 (0.28)

8.8 (0.31)

Age

18–44 years ..........................

45–64 years ..........................

65–74 years ..........................

75 years and over ......................

2.6 (0.18)

3.4 (0.24)

2.2 (0.35)

2.7 (0.38)

6.7 (0.31)

7.3 (0.36)

7.9 (0.65)

7.5 (0.64)

1.8 (0.16)

2.6 (0.24)

1.8 (0.33)

1.1 (0.22)

3.7 (0.21)

4.2 (0.27)

3.5 (0.45)

2.7 (0.36)

1.5 (0.15)

2.3 (0.23)

1.5 (0.28)

1.8 (0.36)

2.9 (0.20)

3.1 (0.23)

3.0 (0.47)

2.6 (0.37)

4.6 (0.26)

5.4 (0.31)

4.2 (0.49)

4.0 (0.44)

7.9 (0.31)

7.4 (0.36)

7.9 (0.66)

7.4 (0.66)

Race

1 race4 .............................

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native ...........

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ......

2 or more races5 .......................

Black or African American, white ............

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .......

2.8 (0.13)

2.7 (0.14)

3.8 (0.37)

*5.9 (1.95)

2.1 (0.46)

–

7.9 (1.59)

†

*7.3 (2.19)

7.0 (0.21)

6.8 (0.23)

8.3 (0.49)

*9.1 (3.73)

6.8 (0.87)

†

9.8 (1.95)

†

12.2 (3.22)

2.0 (0.12)

2.0 (0.13)

2.0 (0.27)

†

1.5 (0.41)

–

4.5 (1.26)

†

*4.7 (1.79)

3.7 (0.15)

3.6 (0.17)

4.2 (0.35)

*8.1 (2.77)

3.0 (0.56)

†

7.0 (1.66)

†

*7.3 (2.53)

1.7 (0.11) 2.9 (0.14)

1.8 (0.13) 2.9 (0.15)

1.3 (0.18) 3.0 (0.32)

*2.2 (1.00) *6.2 (2.46)

*1.1 (0.35) 2.3 (0.52)

– †

*3.1 (1.11) 8.3 (1.64)

† †

† 11.7 (2.71)

4.7 (0.17)

4.5 (0.19)

6.9 (0.52)

*6.1 (1.85)

3.1 (0.55)

†

12.0 (2.05)

*8.8 (4.18)

14.0 (3.23)

7.6 (0.22)

7.6 (0.24)

8.2 (0.55)

*8.9 (2.79)

6.4 (0.98)

†

11.6 (2.28)

†

11.6 (3.14)

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ......................

Mexican or Mexican American .............

Not Hispanic or Latino ....................

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ........

4.1 (0.36)

3.5 (0.43)

2.7 (0.14)

2.5 (0.16)

3.8 (0.38)

7.2 (0.51)

6.4 (0.56)

7.0 (0.22)

6.7 (0.25)

8.5 (0.51)

2.8 (0.33)

2.5 (0.43)

1.9 (0.13)

1.9 (0.15)

2.0 (0.27)

4.0 (0.35)

3.8 (0.41)

3.7 (0.17)

3.6 (0.19)

4.3 (0.36)

2.1 (0.28)

1.8 (0.34)

1.7 (0.12)

1.8 (0.15)

1.3 (0.19)

2.6 (0.31)

2.5 (0.42)

3.0 (0.15)

3.0 (0.17)

3.0 (0.33)

4.5 (0.41)

4.2 (0.53)

4.9 (0.19)

4.5 (0.22)

6.9 (0.54)

5.8 (0.43)

5.3 (0.52)

8.0 (0.24)

8.0 (0.27)

8.2 (0.55)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .............

High school diploma or GED8 ...............

Some college .........................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ................

6.0 (0.43)

3.6 (0.32)

2.4 (0.22)

1.2 (0.15)

11.0 (0.60)

8.2 (0.42)

7.5 (0.40)

3.5 (0.29)

3.6 (0.36)

2.8 (0.29)

1.8 (0.22)

0.7 (0.12)

6.8 (0.51)

4.5 (0.34)

4.3 (0.33)

1.5 (0.17)

3.6 (0.35)

2.2 (0.27)

1.6 (0.22)

0.5 (0.11)

4.6 (0.42)

3.7 (0.29)

3.4 (0.30)

1.2 (0.16)

7.0 (0.49)

5.9 (0.41)

5.1 (0.35)

2.3 (0.27)

10.1 (0.63)

8.5 (0.44)

7.7 (0.44)

5.6 (0.35)

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ......................

$35,000 or more .......................

$35,000–$49,999 .....................

$50,000–$74,999 .....................

$75,000–$99,999 .....................

$100,000 or more .....................

5.4 (0.28)

1.7 (0.16)

3.1 (0.40)

1.8 (0.30)

*1.5 (0.48)

0.7 (0.16)

11.3 (0.41)

5.2 (0.26)

7.3 (0.60)

6.2 (0.51)

4.1 (0.49)

3.4 (0.44)

4.0 (0.26)

1.1 (0.14)

1.4 (0.27)

1.1 (0.26)

*1.4 (0.49)

0.6 (0.15)

6.7 (0.34)

2.5 (0.18)

3.9 (0.44)

3.2 (0.39)

1.2 (0.28)

1.6 (0.25)

3.6 (0.25)

1.0 (0.13)

1.2 (0.26)

1.1 (0.26)

*1.3 (0.49)

*0.4 (0.13)

5.3 (0.29)

1.9 (0.16)

3.0 (0.40)

2.2 (0.31)

1.0 (0.24)

1.3 (0.25)

8.7 (0.37)

3.2 (0.21)

4.6 (0.46)

3.8 (0.45)

2.7 (0.52)

1.7 (0.29)

10.8 (0.45)

6.6 (0.26)

8.9 (0.64)

6.5 (0.49)

5.3 (0.56)

5.6 (0.48)

Poverty status10

Poor ...............................

Near poor ...........................

Not poor ............................

7.5 (0.60)

4.5 (0.40)

1.7 (0.14)

13.6 (0.81)

9.9 (0.64)

5.5 (0.24)

5.5 (0.53)

3.3 (0.37)

1.1 (0.13)

7.9 (0.57)

6.4 (0.52)

2.6 (0.17)

4.9 (0.50)

2.7 (0.34)

1.1 (0.13)

6.4 (0.51)

5.5 (0.52)

1.9 (0.15)

10.9 (0.72)

8.6 (0.58)

3.2 (0.20)

12.5 (0.73)

10.3 (0.65)

6.6 (0.25)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ...........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ..........................

Age 65 years and over:

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare..................

Medicare only........................

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ..........................

1.5 (0.14)

8.9 (0.79)

6.2 (0.95)

5.0 (0.45)

1.7 (0.28)

6.1 (1.39)

2.8 (0.55)

*3.1 (1.03)

†

4.7 (0.23)

15.8 (1.05)

14.0 (1.49)

9.7 (0.59)

6.7 (0.58)

13.3 (2.02)

8.6 (0.85)

6.4 (1.51)

†

1.1 (0.13)

5.8 (0.69)

5.8 (0.96)

3.3 (0.37)

1.1 (0.24)

*3.0 (0.94)

1.8 (0.42)

*2.3 (0.98)

–

2.4 (0.17)

10.5 (0.90)

9.4 (1.30)

5.6 (0.44)

2.4 (0.38)

9.6 (1.73)

3.0 (0.55)

*3.0 (0.97)

†

0.9 (0.12)

5.5 (0.69)

4.2 (0.80)

3.0 (0.35)

1.5 (0.30)

*3.0 (0.99)

1.1 (0.28)

*3.8 (1.24)

–

1.9 (0.15)

8.2 (0.85)

8.4 (1.22)

3.8 (0.36)

2.5 (0.43)

4.5 (1.27)

3.4 (0.58)

*1.3 (0.58)

†

3.1 (0.20)

12.8 (0.94)

11.0 (1.21)

7.0 (0.52)

3.3 (0.38)

10.6 (1.99)

4.3 (0.64)

*4.3 (1.34)

†

6.4 (0.26)

14.6 (1.08)

13.7 (1.58)

8.3 (0.56)

7.1 (0.63)

14.4 (2.27)

6.7 (0.78)

10.0 (2.07)

†

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 130 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table X. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, or that everything is an effort

among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Selected mental health characteristics1

Sadness Hopelessness Worthlessness Everything is an effort

All or most Some of All or most Some of All or most Some of All or most Some of

Selected characteristic of the time the time of the time the time of the time the time of the time the time

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married ............................. 2.1 (0.17) 5.3 (0.24) 1.6 (0.16) 2.8 (0.19) 1.4 (0.15) 2.4 (0.17) 3.8 (0.22) 6.6 (0.28)

Widowed ............................ 4.6 (0.54) 11.1 (0.76) 2.0 (0.37) 4.7 (0.50) 1.9 (0.40) 4.0 (0.43) 5.7 (0.59) 9.2 (0.73)

Divorced or separated .................... 5.5 (0.45) 11.0 (0.63) 3.9 (0.41) 6.7 (0.52) 3.8 (0.40) 4.6 (0.40) 8.4 (0.59) 9.3 (0.55)

Never married ......................... 3.0 (0.31) 7.5 (0.48) 1.9 (0.26) 3.5 (0.32) 1.5 (0.24) 3.1 (0.33) 5.5 (0.42) 8.2 (0.46)

Living with a partner ..................... 2.7 (0.51) 9.8 (1.03) 2.4 (0.51) 6.5 (0.84) 2.1 (0.49) 3.6 (0.62) 5.0 (0.73) 10.9 (1.03)

Place of residence12

Large MSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 (0.19) 6.7 (0.29) 1.7 (0.17) 3.3 (0.19) 1.5 (0.17) 2.4 (0.17) 4.3 (0.25) 6.8 (0.29)

Small MSA........................... 2.8 (0.20) 7.0 (0.37) 2.1 (0.21) 4.2 (0.31) 1.8 (0.16) 3.6 (0.29) 5.0 (0.31) 8.4 (0.41)

Not in MSA .......................... 3.3 (0.33) 8.3 (0.48) 2.6 (0.25) 4.3 (0.38) 2.5 (0.28) 3.5 (0.30) 6.0 (0.45) 8.9 (0.51)

Region

Northeast............................ 2.1 (0.22) 7.4 (0.50) 1.6 (0.22) 3.7 (0.31) 1.3 (0.20) 2.5 (0.26) 4.1 (0.37) 7.3 (0.47)

Midwest............................. 2.7 (0.29) 7.0 (0.44) 2.1 (0.29) 3.2 (0.29) 1.8 (0.28) 3.0 (0.27) 4.7 (0.38) 7.7 (0.42)

South .............................. 3.4 (0.22) 6.9 (0.31) 2.3 (0.18) 4.2 (0.27) 2.1 (0.18) 3.3 (0.24) 5.5 (0.30) 7.7 (0.36)

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 (0.26) 7.0 (0.47) 1.7 (0.24) 3.8 (0.34) 1.6 (0.21) 2.8 (0.31) 4.4 (0.35) 8.0 (0.49)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male .................. 2.9 (0.43) 5.0 (0.70) 2.1 (0.44) 2.5 (0.39) 1.5 (0.36) 1.7 (0.38) 3.4 (0.51) 4.3 (0.53)

Hispanic or Latina, female ................. 5.4 (0.57) 9.6 (0.78) 3.5 (0.46) 5.7 (0.58) 2.8 (0.44) 3.5 (0.46) 5.8 (0.60) 7.4 (0.62)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ................. 1.8 (0.20) 5.5 (0.35) 1.4 (0.18) 3.0 (0.25) 1.3 (0.17) 2.5 (0.23) 4.0 (0.30) 6.9 (0.36)

White, single race, female ................ 3.0 (0.25) 7.8 (0.35) 2.3 (0.23) 4.1 (0.26) 2.2 (0.23) 3.4 (0.24) 5.0 (0.30) 9.0 (0.38)

Black or African American, single race, male..... 2.5 (0.52) 7.1 (0.79) 1.3 (0.37) 3.3 (0.53) 0.8 (0.22) 2.3 (0.44) 5.7 (0.81) 6.9 (0.79)

Black or African American, single race, female . . . 4.8 (0.54) 9.7 (0.68) 2.5 (0.41) 5.0 (0.50) 1.7 (0.30) 3.6 (0.45) 8.0 (0.72) 9.3 (0.75)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

– Quantity zero.
 

1In four separate questions, respondents were asked how often in the past 30 days they felt: so sad that nothing could cheer them up, hopeless, worthless, or that everything was an effort.
 

Respondents could choose from among five response categories: ‘‘All of the time,’’ ‘‘Most of the time,’’ ‘‘Some of the time,’’ ‘‘A little of the time,’’ or ‘‘None of the time.’’ For this table, ‘‘All’’ and ‘‘Most’’
 

are combined, and ‘‘Some’’ is shown separately.
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). The percentages in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 14.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 131

Table XI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Nervousness1 Restlessness1

Selected characteristic

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Percent2 (standard error)

Total3 (crude) ...................................

Total3 (age-adjusted) ..............................

3.7 (0.16)

3.7 (0.16)

9.6 (0.25)

9.6 (0.25)

4.8 (0.18)

4.8 (0.18)

10.2 (0.25)

10.2 (0.26)

Sex

Male ........................................

Female.......................................

2.8 (0.19)

4.6 (0.24)

8.0 (0.34)

11.1 (0.34)

4.3 (0.26)

5.3 (0.26)

9.6 (0.37)

10.9 (0.35)

Age

18–44 years....................................

45–64 years....................................

65–74 years....................................

75 years and over ................................

3.6 (0.23)

4.1 (0.28)

3.5 (0.47)

3.4 (0.45)

10.1 (0.36)

9.6 (0.41)

8.4 (0.74)

8.4 (0.70)

5.2 (0.27)

4.9 (0.30)

3.9 (0.47)

3.1 (0.42)

10.4 (0.39)

10.5 (0.41)

9.4 (0.72)

8.8 (0.75)

Race

1 race4 .......................................

White ......................................

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian or Alaska Native .....................

Asian ......................................

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................

2 or more races5 .................................

Black or African American, white......................

American Indian or Alaska Native, white .................

3.7 (0.16)

3.8 (0.18)

3.0 (0.32)

*3.8 (1.46)

2.5 (0.60)

†

7.0 (1.57)

†

9.3 (2.54)

9.6 (0.25)

9.8 (0.28)

8.8 (0.55)

8.0 (1.66)

8.2 (1.01)

†

13.1 (2.11)

*12.3 (5.06)

12.8 (3.11)

4.7 (0.18)

5.0 (0.20)

3.5 (0.35)

*5.7 (1.82)

*2.5 (0.79)

†

12.6 (2.29)

*11.8 (5.62)

16.1 (3.67)

10.2 (0.26)

10.5 (0.29)

9.6 (0.58)

*7.9 (2.52)

6.6 (0.93)

†

12.0 (2.04)

†

10.4 (2.55)

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................

Mexican or Mexican American .......................

Not Hispanic or Latino .............................

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black or African American, single race ..................

4.0 (0.36)

3.6 (0.42)

3.7 (0.17)

3.8 (0.20)

2.9 (0.33)

7.5 (0.52)

6.6 (0.57)

10.0 (0.27)

10.3 (0.31)

8.7 (0.55)

4.7 (0.40)

4.3 (0.50)

4.9 (0.20)

5.1 (0.23)

3.5 (0.35)

6.8 (0.51)

5.8 (0.53)

10.8 (0.28)

11.2 (0.33)

9.6 (0.59)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .......................

High school diploma or GED8 .........................

Some college ...................................

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..........................

6.6 (0.49)

4.4 (0.34)

3.5 (0.30)

1.6 (0.20)

10.5 (0.57)

9.9 (0.51)

10.0 (0.47)

8.3 (0.44)

7.1 (0.50)

5.2 (0.39)

5.4 (0.39)

2.4 (0.23)

10.7 (0.64)

10.7 (0.49)

10.9 (0.55)

9.0 (0.47)

Family income9

Less than $35,000................................

$35,000 or more .................................

$35,000–$49,999 ...............................

$50,000–$74,999 ...............................

$75,000–$99,999 ...............................

$100,000 or more ...............................

6.5 (0.33)

2.6 (0.19)

3.6 (0.42)

2.3 (0.34)

2.6 (0.54)

2.0 (0.31)

12.6 (0.44)

8.8 (0.31)

10.2 (0.69)

9.3 (0.57)

6.9 (0.64)

8.4 (0.62)

7.7 (0.35)

3.8 (0.23)

5.1 (0.54)

3.4 (0.39)

4.1 (0.61)

2.8 (0.37)

13.0 (0.44)

9.5 (0.34)

10.2 (0.74)

9.9 (0.67)

7.3 (0.66)

10.1 (0.64)

Poverty status10

Poor ........................................

Near poor .....................................

Not poor ......................................

9.2 (0.69)

5.3 (0.46)

2.6 (0.18)

13.4 (0.77)

13.0 (0.78)

8.8 (0.30)

10.4 (0.72)

6.9 (0.55)

3.8 (0.21)

13.5 (0.71)

12.7 (0.73)

9.6 (0.31)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid ....................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid and Medicare ...........................

Medicare only .................................

Other ......................................

Uninsured....................................

2.4 (0.18)

10.1 (0.88)

9.3 (1.24)

5.1 (0.46)

2.6 (0.39)

9.8 (1.84)

3.8 (0.62)

*3.3 (1.10)

†

9.0 (0.31)

15.5 (1.02)

14.2 (1.60)

9.9 (0.55)

8.4 (0.69)

14.6 (2.22)

7.1 (0.82)

6.6 (1.53)

*24.1 (9.66)

3.5 (0.21)

13.0 (1.00)

10.5 (1.37)

6.4 (0.51)

2.8 (0.36)

9.3 (1.69)

3.4 (0.62)

4.4 (1.27)

†

9.4 (0.33)

17.0 (1.34)

17.8 (1.84)

10.2 (0.55)

8.7 (0.67)

17.4 (2.40)

8.5 (0.90)

7.4 (1.69)

*16.9 (8.36)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 132 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XI. Crude percentages (with standard errors) of feelings of nervousness or restlessness among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Nervousness1 Restlessness1

Selected characteristic

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

All or most

of the time

Some of

the time

Marital status Percent2 (standard error)

Married.......................................

Widowed......................................

Divorced or separated .............................

Never married ..................................

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 (0.21)

4.8 (0.54)

6.1 (0.48)

3.9 (0.36)

3.8 (0.71)

8.4 (0.32)

10.9 (0.79)

12.4 (0.68)

10.3 (0.60)

12.5 (1.14)

4.2 (0.24)

4.3 (0.52)

6.5 (0.49)

5.3 (0.42)

6.7 (0.80)

8.6 (0.32)

11.0 (0.77)

12.7 (0.69)

11.6 (0.64)

14.8 (1.24)

Place of residence12

Large MSA ....................................

Small MSA ....................................

Not in MSA ....................................

3.4 (0.21)

3.3 (0.25)

5.5 (0.47)

8.6 (0.32)

11.1 (0.47)

9.8 (0.63)

4.1 (0.24)

5.2 (0.33)

6.4 (0.51)

9.3 (0.33)

11.2 (0.50)

11.3 (0.66)

Region

Northeast .....................................

Midwest ......................................

South........................................

West ........................................

3.6 (0.35)

3.5 (0.33)

4.3 (0.27)

3.0 (0.31)

10.6 (0.63)

10.0 (0.50)

8.8 (0.40)

9.9 (0.51)

4.5 (0.40)

4.7 (0.34)

5.4 (0.33)

4.2 (0.37)

12.0 (0.64)

10.7 (0.58)

9.5 (0.39)

9.5 (0.50)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................

Hispanic or Latina, female ...........................

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...........................

White, single race, female..........................

Black or African American, single race, male ..............

Black or African American, single race, female .............

2.3 (0.41)

5.9 (0.59)

2.9 (0.25)

4.7 (0.30)

2.4 (0.51)

3.3 (0.44)

6.0 (0.75)

9.2 (0.75)

8.7 (0.44)

11.7 (0.43)

7.2 (0.78)

9.9 (0.75)

3.6 (0.53)

5.9 (0.63)

4.7 (0.32)

5.5 (0.32)

2.7 (0.50)

4.1 (0.50)

5.0 (0.65)

8.6 (0.76)

10.6 (0.48)

11.8 (0.46)

9.3 (0.93)

9.9 (0.74)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1In two separate questions, respondents were asked how often they felt nervous or restless in the past 30 days. Respondents could choose among five response categories: ‘‘All of the time,’’ ‘‘Most of
 

the time,’’ ‘‘Some of the time,’’ ‘‘A little of the time,’’ or ‘‘None of the time.’’ For this table, ‘‘All’’ and ‘‘Most’’ are combined, and ‘‘Some’’ is shown separately.
 

2Unknowns for the columns are not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). The percentages in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 16.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population.
andard errors) of difficulties in physical functioning among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Physical activities that are very difficult or cannot be done at all1

Climb up Grasp

Any Walk a 10 steps Stoop, Reach or handle Lift or Push or

physical quarter without Stand for Sit for bend, over small carry pull large

difficulty2 of a mile resting 2 hours 2 hours or kneel head objects 10 pounds objects

Percent3 (standard error)

...... 14.8 (0.30) 7.3 (0.20) 5.4 (0.18) 8.7 (0.22) 3.2 (0.15) 8.9 (0.24) 2.5 (0.12) 1.6 (0.09) 4.0 (0.14) 6.3 (0.19)

...... 14.5 (0.28) 7.2 (0.19) 5.4 (0.17) 8.5 (0.20) 3.1 (0.14) 8.8 (0.23) 2.4 (0.11) 1.6 (0.09) 3.9 (0.14) 6.2 (0.18)

...... 11.5 (0.39) 5.7 (0.27) 4.0 (0.23) 6.7 (0.30) 2.6 (0.21) 7.0 (0.32) 2.0 (0.17) 1.3 (0.11) 2.4 (0.16) 4.2 (0.23)

...... 17.9 (0.42) 8.7 (0.28) 6.8 (0.27) 10.5 (0.33) 3.8 (0.21) 10.7 (0.34) 2.9 (0.16) 2.0 (0.14) 5.5 (0.23) 8.2 (0.28)

...... 5.3 (0.29) 1.8 (0.15) 1.3 (0.13) 2.6 (0.18) 1.4 (0.17) 2.9 (0.23) 0.7 (0.10) 0.4 (0.08) 1.1 (0.12) 2.1 (0.17)
 ...... 17.9 (0.57) 8.2 (0.37) 6.4 (0.33) 10.5 (0.41) 4.9 (0.30) 11.4 (0.48) 3.3 (0.24) 2.2 (0.18) 4.8 (0.29) 7.6 (0.38)
 ...... 29.5 (1.11) 16.3 (0.87) 11.0 (0.72) 18.3 (0.92) 4.7 (0.51) 17.9 (0.96) 4.5 (0.50) 3.2 (0.45) 8.2 (0.64) 12.8 (0.75)
 

...... 46.1 (1.34) 28.2 (1.12) 21.6 (1.07) 29.4 (1.17) 5.8 (0.60) 26.9 (1.21) 7.9 (0.59) 5.5 (0.56) 14.4 (0.83) 20.5 (0.94)
 

...... 14.7 (0.31) 7.2 (0.20) 5.4 (0.18) 8.6 (0.22) 3.2 (0.14) 8.9 (0.24) 2.5 (0.12) 1.6 (0.09) 4.0 (0.14) 6.3 (0.19)
 

...... 14.9 (0.34) 7.2 (0.22) 5.2 (0.20) 8.6 (0.24) 3.2 (0.17) 9.0 (0.27) 2.5 (0.13) 1.6 (0.10) 3.8 (0.15) 6.2 (0.21)
 

...... 16.0 (0.70) 8.5 (0.53) 7.3 (0.45) 10.3 (0.59) 3.9 (0.37) 9.8 (0.54) 2.9 (0.32) 1.8 (0.22) 5.5 (0.45) 7.8 (0.55)
 

...... 19.3 (3.05) *10.0 (3.03) 7.3 (1.70) 8.4 (2.07) † 12.6 (2.86) *3.4 (1.15) *1.2 (0.57) *3.3 (1.12) 5.3 (1.36)
 

...... 7.4 (1.08) 3.5 (0.60) 3.1 (0.57) 5.0 (0.89) 1.7 (0.42) 3.9 (0.79) 1.7 (0.40) 1.2 (0.33) 3.2 (0.60) 3.6 (0.61)
 

...... † † † † † † – – † †
 

...... 19.3 (2.69) 9.6 (2.23) 6.8 (1.86) 12.6 (2.44) 6.0 (1.62) 12.6 (2.30) 2.7 (0.80) *2.7 (1.06) 6.7 (1.49) 9.2 (1.88)
 

...... *12.2 (4.73) † † *7.9 (3.72) † † † – † †
 

...... 26.2 (4.21) 12.8 (3.78) *8.6 (3.18) 17.0 (4.03) *7.5 (2.64) 17.9 (3.77) *3.8 (1.35) *4.9 (2.01) 8.2 (2.34) 12.0 (3.10)
 

...... 9.7 (0.57) 4.5 (0.39) 3.8 (0.35) 5.6 (0.42) 2.7 (0.30) 5.8 (0.44) 2.2 (0.28) 1.3 (0.20) 3.4 (0.32) 4.8 (0.40)
 

...... 8.3 (0.63) 3.9 (0.47) 3.1 (0.38) 4.9 (0.50) 2.4 (0.38) 5.3 (0.52) 2.1 (0.36) 1.0 (0.22) 2.7 (0.37) 4.2 (0.48)
 

...... 15.6 (0.34) 7.7 (0.22) 5.7 (0.20) 9.2 (0.24) 3.3 (0.16) 9.4 (0.26) 2.5 (0.13) 1.7 (0.10) 4.1 (0.16) 6.5 (0.22)
 

...... 15.8 (0.39) 7.7 (0.25) 5.5 (0.23) 9.1 (0.28) 3.3 (0.19) 9.6 (0.31) 2.5 (0.15) 1.7 (0.11) 3.8 (0.17) 6.4 (0.24)
 

...... 16.2 (0.73) 8.6 (0.54) 7.3 (0.47) 10.5 (0.61) 3.9 (0.38) 9.9 (0.56) 3.0 (0.32) 1.8 (0.23) 5.5 (0.46) 7.9 (0.57)
 

...... 29.0 (0.96) 16.5 (0.71) 13.3 (0.66) 18.1 (0.74) 7.0 (0.54) 17.0 (0.70) 6.3 (0.47) 3.9 (0.37) 9.6 (0.52) 14.3 (0.67)
 

...... 19.2 (0.66) 10.1 (0.50) 7.1 (0.43) 11.3 (0.52) 4.2 (0.34) 12.1 (0.57) 2.9 (0.25) 2.0 (0.22) 5.0 (0.34) 8.3 (0.44)
 

...... 16.2 (0.64) 7.3 (0.42) 5.4 (0.36) 9.5 (0.47) 3.9 (0.37) 10.0 (0.52) 2.7 (0.25) 1.7 (0.23) 4.0 (0.30) 6.5 (0.40)
 

...... 7.9 (0.42) 2.9 (0.24) 2.0 (0.20) 4.4 (0.31) 1.1 (0.15) 4.3 (0.35) 0.8 (0.12) 0.6 (0.12) 1.9 (0.20) 2.8 (0.24)
 

...... 24.9 (0.63) 13.4 (0.46) 10.5 (0.42) 15.4 (0.49) 6.0 (0.31) 15.1 (0.51) 4.7 (0.25) 3.2 (0.21) 7.8 (0.32) 11.5 (0.41)
 

...... 9.7 (0.36) 4.0 (0.22) 2.8 (0.19) 5.3 (0.25) 1.9 (0.18) 5.8 (0.30) 1.4 (0.13) 0.9 (0.10) 2.0 (0.15) 3.6 (0.21)
 

...... 14.5 (0.76) 7.1 (0.55) 4.9 (0.47) 8.4 (0.59) 2.6 (0.35) 8.5 (0.61) 2.2 (0.29) 1.4 (0.24) 3.1 (0.33) 5.8 (0.50)
 ...... 10.4 (0.69) 4.3 (0.42) 3.1 (0.37) 5.6 (0.46) 2.5 (0.44) 6.2 (0.56) 1.8 (0.28) 0.8 (0.18) 2.2 (0.30) 3.9 (0.38)
 ...... 8.8 (0.79) 3.8 (0.58) 2.3 (0.51) 4.7 (0.61) 1.6 (0.48) 5.4 (0.66) 0.8 (0.21) 0.8 (0.23) 1.5 (0.45) 3.4 (0.60)
 

...... 5.6 (0.53) 1.4 (0.22) 0.9 (0.21) 2.7 (0.33) 0.9 (0.19) 3.6 (0.48) 0.8 (0.18) *0.5 (0.15) 1.2 (0.21) 1.9 (0.27)
 

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 133 
andard errors) of difficulties in physical functioning among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Physical activities that are very difficult or cannot be done at all1

Climb up Grasp

Any Walk a 10 steps Stoop, Reach or handle Lift or Push or

physical quarter without Stand for Sit for bend, over small carry pull large

difficulty2 of a mile resting 2 hours 2 hours or kneel head objects 10 pounds objects

Percent3 (standard error)

...... 24.5 (1.18) 13.6 (0.83) 10.9 (0.76) 15.6 (0.87) 7.1 (0.58) 15.0 (0.86) 5.2 (0.47) 3.3 (0.39) 8.7 (0.64) 12.8 (0.82)

...... 22.5 (0.92) 11.7 (0.67) 9.0 (0.59) 13.4 (0.72) 5.8 (0.60) 13.7 (0.78) 3.5 (0.33) 2.7 (0.28) 5.9 (0.44) 9.6 (0.59)

...... 10.7 (0.34) 4.7 (0.21) 3.2 (0.17) 6.0 (0.24) 2.0 (0.16) 6.5 (0.27) 1.7 (0.13) 1.1 (0.10) 2.4 (0.15) 4.1 (0.20)

...... 7.4 (0.32) 2.6 (0.17) 1.9 (0.15) 3.7 (0.21) 1.7 (0.15) 4.5 (0.27) 1.1 (0.12) 0.7 (0.09) 1.5 (0.14) 2.5 (0.17)

...... 29.7 (1.49) 15.5 (1.10) 12.7 (1.01) 19.4 (1.09) 9.6 (1.07) 17.5 (1.30) 6.9 (0.71) 3.7 (0.57) 10.6 (0.91) 17.1 (1.18)

...... 32.8 (2.32) 18.5 (1.70) 12.9 (1.43) 22.8 (1.96) 9.0 (1.28) 21.5 (1.83) 7.1 (1.25) 3.6 (0.73) 9.5 (1.25) 16.7 (1.66)

...... 9.3 (0.56) 4.0 (0.35) 3.3 (0.32) 4.9 (0.41) 3.1 (0.32) 5.7 (0.46) 1.2 (0.20) 1.3 (0.20) 2.1 (0.25) 3.6 (0.35)

...... 34.4 (1.12) 19.2 (0.89) 12.0 (0.74) 20.9 (0.94) 4.4 (0.50) 19.5 (0.93) 4.5 (0.43) 3.3 (0.42) 8.4 (0.60) 13.8 (0.71)

...... 61.2 (3.06) 38.8 (2.96) 35.0 (3.03) 44.2 (3.12) 11.5 (1.83) 42.4 (3.01) 14.8 (2.10) 10.2 (1.91) 28.4 (2.62) 36.0 (2.85)

...... 37.6 (1.62) 22.8 (1.39) 18.5 (1.26) 23.5 (1.38) 5.5 (0.75) 21.8 (1.34) 7.4 (0.84) 4.6 (0.71) 13.2 (1.10) 17.4 (1.22)

...... 38.0 (3.33) 24.4 (2.98) 20.4 (2.79) 26.0 (3.07) 4.7 (1.33) 25.7 (3.05) 5.7 (1.49) *5.6 (1.68) 9.8 (1.93) 17.2 (2.54)

...... 37.1 (10.42) *29.4 (10.61) *24.7 (10.05) *26.3 (10.16) † *28.7 (10.12) † † † †

...... 13.6 (0.42) 6.4 (0.28) 4.6 (0.24) 7.9 (0.30) 3.0 (0.21) 8.2 (0.34) 2.2 (0.16) 1.5 (0.12) 3.4 (0.20) 5.6 (0.26)
 

...... 42.3 (1.30) 25.6 (1.17) 20.6 (1.06) 27.2 (1.16) 5.9 (0.57) 25.6 (1.13) 8.2 (0.64) 5.4 (0.57) 14.9 (0.87) 20.5 (1.05)
 

...... 22.3 (0.85) 10.4 (0.57) 8.2 (0.56) 13.2 (0.66) 5.7 (0.48) 13.3 (0.68) 3.5 (0.36) 2.4 (0.31) 6.0 (0.46) 9.9 (0.65)
 

...... 6.8 (0.51) 3.0 (0.29) 2.2 (0.24) 3.4 (0.30) 1.6 (0.31) 4.2 (0.43) 1.1 (0.17) 0.8 (0.14) 1.7 (0.21) 2.7 (0.27)
 

...... 11.0 (1.03) 4.8 (0.74) 3.4 (0.63) 6.0 (0.79) 3.5 (0.63) 6.4 (0.79) 1.6 (0.37) *0.6 (0.23) 2.2 (0.48) 3.9 (0.63)
 

...... 12.3 (0.42) 5.7 (0.26) 4.7 (0.25) 7.2 (0.29) 2.6 (0.18) 7.1 (0.33) 1.9 (0.16) 1.4 (0.13) 3.4 (0.19) 5.1 (0.25)
 

...... 15.6 (0.59) 7.4 (0.38) 5.3 (0.29) 8.9 (0.41) 3.4 (0.29) 9.8 (0.46) 2.7 (0.23) 1.6 (0.15) 4.1 (0.28) 6.7 (0.38)
 

...... 20.5 (0.73) 11.5 (0.53) 7.9 (0.47) 12.5 (0.58) 4.8 (0.39) 12.6 (0.60) 3.8 (0.34) 2.5 (0.24) 5.6 (0.34) 8.9 (0.53)
 

...... 13.9 (0.72) 6.5 (0.48) 4.7 (0.40) 7.8 (0.52) 2.8 (0.30) 7.5 (0.50) 1.9 (0.24) 1.3 (0.19) 3.8 (0.36) 5.4 (0.46)
 

...... 15.1 (0.63) 7.2 (0.38) 5.1 (0.38) 8.5 (0.44) 3.2 (0.36) 9.2 (0.52) 2.3 (0.25) 1.5 (0.17) 3.8 (0.29) 6.0 (0.40)
 

...... 15.6 (0.52) 8.2 (0.36) 6.4 (0.30) 9.3 (0.37) 3.7 (0.24) 9.8 (0.41) 2.8 (0.21) 1.8 (0.15) 4.3 (0.24) 6.9 (0.34)
 

. . . . . . 13.8 (0.62) 6.4 (0.39) 4.9 (0.33) 8.5 (0.46) 2.8 (0.27) 8.3 (0.46) 2.6 (0.24) 1.7 (0.20) 3.8 (0.26) 6.3 (0.37)
 

...... 6.6 (0.71) 3.5 (0.50) 2.9 (0.45) 4.1 (0.56) 2.0 (0.39) 4.7 (0.59) 1.2 (0.31) 0.9 (0.23) 1.9 (0.34) 2.9 (0.44)

...... 13.0 (0.84) 5.7 (0.57) 4.9 (0.51) 7.2 (0.61) 3.5 (0.46) 7.1 (0.63) 3.2 (0.45) 1.8 (0.34) 5.1 (0.54) 6.9 (0.66)

...... 12.6 (0.51) 6.0 (0.33) 4.1 (0.28) 7.2 (0.38) 2.8 (0.28) 7.6 (0.42) 2.1 (0.22) 1.4 (0.15) 2.2 (0.19) 4.4 (0.29)

...... 18.9 (0.53) 9.2 (0.37) 6.8 (0.35) 10.9 (0.41) 3.8 (0.27) 11.4 (0.44) 2.9 (0.20) 2.0 (0.18) 5.3 (0.28) 8.3 (0.35)

e ...... 11.8 (0.98) 6.2 (0.75) 4.7 (0.68) 7.5 (0.79) 3.1 (0.50) 7.1 (0.77) 2.6 (0.50) 1.6 (0.36) 3.7 (0.61) 4.9 (0.70)

ale..... 19.7 (1.01) 10.6 (0.72) 9.4 (0.66) 12.9 (0.85) 4.6 (0.53) 12.2 (0.75) 3.2 (0.41) 1.9 (0.30) 7.0 (0.61) 10.4 (0.84)

Page 134[ Series 10, No. 240

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
re asked the degree of difficulty they experienced performing nine physical activities by themselves, and without using any special equipment. The activities included walking a quarter of a mile (or three city
 

eling; climbing 10 steps without resting; sitting for 2 hours; reaching over one’s head; using one’s fingers to grasp or handle small objects; lifting or carrying a 10-pound object (such as a full bag of
 

uch as a living room chair). The response categories consisted of ‘‘Not at all difficult,’’ ‘‘Only a little difficult,’’ ‘‘Somewhat difficult,’’ ‘‘Very difficult,’’ ‘‘Can’t do at all,’’ or ‘‘Do not do this activity.’’ For this table,
 

at all’’ are combined and shown in the columns.
 

t’’ or ‘‘Can’t do at all’’ response to at least one of the nine physical activities shown in columns 3–11.
 

hysical functioning, ‘‘Only a little’’ or ‘‘Some’’ difficulty, who ‘‘Do not do this activity,’’ or for whom the information is unknown (see Appendix I), are not shown separately. Persons who respond ‘‘Do not do this
 

calculating percentages. Percentages in this table are rounded.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

e 19.
 

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 135
Page 136 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of respondent-assessed health status among persons 18 years of age and

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or Fair or

Selected characteristic Total very good Good poor

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (crude) ................................... 100.0 60.7 (0.46) 26.0 (0.37) 13.3 (0.28)

Total3 (age-adjusted) .............................. 100.0 61.1 (0.44) 25.9 (0.37) 13.0 (0.27)

Sex

Male ........................................ 100.0 61.6 (0.65) 26.2 (0.54) 12.2 (0.41)

Female....................................... 100.0 59.8 (0.56) 25.9 (0.47) 14.3 (0.37)

Age

18–44 years.................................... 100.0 71.3 (0.58) 22.1 (0.53) 6.6 (0.31)

45–64 years.................................... 100.0 55.1 (0.75) 28.2 (0.62) 16.7 (0.53)

65–74 years.................................... 100.0 43.3 (1.29) 32.2 (1.11) 24.4 (1.04)

75 years and over ................................ 100.0 35.8 (1.21) 35.0 (1.22) 29.1 (1.21)

Race

1 race4 ....................................... 100.0 60.8 (0.45) 26.0 (0.37) 13.2 (0.28)

White ...................................... 100.0 61.9 (0.50) 25.4 (0.41) 12.6 (0.32)

Black or African American .......................... 100.0 54.0 (1.08) 27.9 (0.91) 18.2 (0.75)

American Indian or Alaska Native ..................... 100.0 45.9 (4.39) 36.2 (4.10) 17.9 (2.41)

Asian ...................................... 100.0 61.2 (1.79) 28.9 (1.58) 9.8 (1.15)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................ 100.0 43.6 (12.46) 40.5 (11.54) †

2 or more races5 ................................. 100.0 53.3 (3.47) 28.0 (2.85) 18.8 (2.34)

Black or African American, white...................... 100.0 63.8 (7.17) 21.2 (6.12) *15.0 (4.78)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ................. 100.0 46.4 (4.90) 30.7 (4.22) 23.0 (3.62)

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................ 100.0 57.0 (0.98) 29.5 (0.89) 13.5 (0.62)

Mexican or Mexican American ....................... 100.0 56.1 (1.26) 31.3 (1.14) 12.7 (0.77)

Not Hispanic or Latino ............................. 100.0 61.2 (0.50) 25.5 (0.40) 13.3 (0.31)

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 62.8 (0.55) 24.7 (0.44) 12.5 (0.36)

Black or African American, single race .................. 100.0 53.7 (1.11) 28.0 (0.93) 18.3 (0.77)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ....................... 100.0 35.7 (1.01) 33.6 (1.00) 30.8 (0.96)

High school diploma or GED8 ......................... 100.0 51.2 (0.86) 31.6 (0.77) 17.2 (0.63)

Some college ................................... 100.0 60.4 (0.81) 26.5 (0.68) 13.0 (0.61)

Bachelor’s degree or higher .......................... 100.0 75.2 (0.71) 19.2 (0.64) 5.6 (0.34)

Family income9

Less than $35,000................................ 100.0 45.6 (0.81) 30.8 (0.65) 23.6 (0.60)

$35,000 or more ................................. 100.0 68.2 (0.54) 23.7 (0.46) 8.1 (0.30)

$35,000–$49,999 ............................... 100.0 58.3 (1.06) 28.9 (0.99) 12.8 (0.73)

$50,000–$74,999 ............................... 100.0 65.8 (1.02) 24.7 (0.89) 9.5 (0.66)

$75,000–$99,999 ............................... 100.0 70.0 (1.21) 23.1 (1.09) 6.9 (0.73)

$100,000 or more ............................... 100.0 77.3 (0.92) 19.0 (0.86) 3.8 (0.38)

Poverty status10

Poor ........................................ 100.0 45.4 (1.66) 29.3 (1.21) 25.3 (1.14)

Near poor ..................................... 100.0 47.2 (1.05) 30.9 (0.96) 22.0 (0.90)

Not poor ...................................... 100.0 67.6 (0.51) 23.9 (0.44) 8.6 (0.29)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 71.2 (0.52) 22.2 (0.46) 6.6 (0.28)

Medicaid .................................... 100.0 38.7 (1.62) 29.6 (1.44) 31.7 (1.54)

Other ...................................... 100.0 41.9 (2.47) 25.4 (1.80) 32.7 (2.46)

Uninsured.................................... 100.0 56.8 (1.01) 30.5 (0.94) 12.7 (0.62)

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 44.4 (1.24) 33.5 (1.06) 22.1 (1.05)

Medicaid and Medicare ........................... 100.0 16.1 (2.30) 31.7 (3.00) 52.2 (3.21)

Medicare only ................................. 100.0 37.1 (1.57) 33.6 (1.51) 29.2 (1.51)

Other ...................................... 100.0 34.6 (3.29) 37.6 (3.20) 27.8 (3.06)

Uninsured.................................... 100.0 40.4 (9.48) *9.3 (4.43) 50.3 (9.98)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 137

Table XIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of respondent-assessed health status among persons 18 years of age and

over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or Fair or

Selected characteristic Total very good Good poor

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married....................................... 100.0 61.8 (0.58) 26.0 (0.48) 12.3 (0.38)

Widowed...................................... 100.0 38.3 (1.24) 32.7 (1.09) 29.0 (1.17)

Divorced or separated ............................. 100.0 51.1 (0.97) 28.7 (0.87) 20.2 (0.78)

Never married .................................. 100.0 69.5 (0.90) 22.3 (0.78) 8.2 (0.53)

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 61.4 (1.65) 27.4 (1.48) 11.2 (1.02)

Place of residence12

Large MSA .................................... 100.0 63.5 (0.59) 24.9 (0.49) 11.6 (0.38)

Small MSA .................................... 100.0 60.5 (0.89) 25.9 (0.70) 13.6 (0.53)

Not in MSA .................................... 100.0 52.7 (1.14) 29.5 (0.90) 17.8 (0.68)

Region

Northeast ..................................... 100.0 63.2 (1.12) 25.4 (0.85) 11.4 (0.64)

Midwest ...................................... 100.0 61.9 (0.90) 25.5 (0.72) 12.6 (0.57)

South........................................ 100.0 58.8 (0.77) 25.9 (0.63) 15.2 (0.50)

West ........................................ 100.0 60.4 (0.94) 27.3 (0.82) 12.3 (0.54)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 100.0 60.0 (1.43) 29.0 (1.32) 11.0 (0.85)

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 100.0 53.8 (1.26) 30.1 (1.13) 16.2 (0.88)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 100.0 63.3 (0.78) 24.7 (0.62) 12.0 (0.52)

White, single race, female.......................... 100.0 62.3 (0.68) 24.8 (0.58) 12.9 (0.47)

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 100.0 55.5 (1.80) 29.0 (1.63) 15.5 (1.10)

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 100.0 52.1 (1.28) 27.3 (1.07) 20.6 (1.05)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.
 

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘Would you say [subject name’s] health in general was excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?’’ This information
 

was obtained during a part of the interview that allowed proxy responses, such that a knowledgeable adult family member could respond on behalf of adults not taking part in the interview (however,
 

the sample in this table is based on the reported health status (possibly by proxy) for the sample adult only). ‘‘Excellent’’ and ‘‘Very good’’ are combined in this table, as are ‘‘Fair’’ and ‘‘Poor.’’
 

2Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 21.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
ns (with standard errors) of current health status relative to health status 1 year ago among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or very good Good Fair or poor

Better About the Worse Better About the Worse Better About the Worse

than same as than than same as than than same as than

last year last year last year last year last year last year last year last year last year

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

......... 17.8 (0.41) 79.1 (0.44) 3.1 (0.18) 18.4 (0.61) 72.9 (0.74) 8.7 (0.43) 14.1 (0.73) 54.0 (1.13) 31.9 (1.06)

......... 17.4 (0.41) 79.4 (0.44) 3.2 (0.18) 18.6 (0.64) 72.8 (0.77) 8.6 (0.44) 14.8 (0.92) 53.7 (1.39) 31.5 (1.27)

. . . . . . . . . 17.3 (0.58) 79.6 (0.62) 3.2 (0.27) 17.7 (0.99) 74.7 (1.11) 7.6 (0.61) 15.1 (1.13) 57.4 (1.73) 27.5 (1.50)

......... 18.3 (0.53) 78.7 (0.57) 3.1 (0.23) 19.0 (0.78) 71.3 (0.94) 9.7 (0.60) 13.3 (0.94) 51.2 (1.40) 35.5 (1.33)

......... 18.8 (0.52) 78.1 (0.56) 3.2 (0.23) 19.5 (0.99) 72.1 (1.16) 8.4 (0.67) 15.6 (1.56) 53.8 (2.32) 30.5 (2.06) 
 ......... 17.3 (0.70) 79.7 (0.75) 2.9 (0.31) 19.5 (1.05) 71.7 (1.21) 8.8 (0.70) 15.0 (1.22) 51.4 (1.70) 33.6 (1.69) 
 ......... 14.1 (1.31) 83.8 (1.34) 2.1 (0.46) 15.5 (1.49) 75.0 (1.75) 9.5 (1.21) 13.4 (1.68) 56.5 (2.53) 30.1 (2.24) 
 

......... 13.0 (1.53) 81.8 (1.75) 5.2 (0.99) 12.7 (1.43) 78.7 (1.73) 8.7 (1.08) 10.2 (1.44) 58.5 (2.28) 31.3 (2.19) 
 

......... 17.7 (0.41) 79.2 (0.44) 3.1 (0.18) 18.3 (0.62) 73.0 (0.74) 8.7 (0.43) 14.2 (0.75) 54.1 (1.14) 31.8 (1.06) 
 

......... 17.3 (0.46) 79.5 (0.49) 3.2 (0.20) 17.8 (0.67) 73.5 (0.82) 8.8 (0.48) 13.7 (0.85) 53.6 (1.32) 32.7 (1.21) 
 

. . . . . . . . . 20.9 (1.15) 76.7 (1.22) 2.4 (0.43) 20.5 (1.68) 71.4 (1.83) 8.1 (1.05) 16.2 (1.70) 58.0 (2.14) 25.8 (1.87)
 

......... 25.4 (5.61) 70.6 (5.39) *4.0 (1.73) 30.0 (6.48) 61.0 (6.73) *9.0 (4.24) 22.3 (6.26) 34.6 (6.81) 43.1 (6.72) 
 

......... 16.6 (1.64) 80.7 (1.75) 2.7 (0.67) 17.4 (2.78) 73.8 (3.14) 8.8 (1.87) 12.8 (3.70) 56.2 (5.88) 30.9 (6.17) 
 

......... *32.5 (15.45) 67.5 (15.45) – *37.3 (17.65) 59.0 (17.32) † † † 82.5 (18.45)
 

......... 22.9 (3.44) 73.7 (3.59) *3.4 (1.41) 21.9 (4.95) 67.5 (5.49) *10.6 (3.25) *11.2 (3.75) 48.7 (9.20) 40.1 (8.69)
 

......... *15.9 (6.38) 78.8 (7.36) † † 94.9 (5.14) – † *36.5 (14.84) *36.9 (16.02)
 

......... 17.6 (5.02) 77.0 (5.61) † *24.9 (7.49) 65.7 (8.15) *9.4 (4.52) † 52.6 (13.25) *39.0 (12.43) 
 

ce
 

......... 19.6 (1.04) 77.8 (1.09) 2.6 (0.44) 20.9 (1.39) 73.6 (1.58) 5.6 (0.80) 16.4 (1.78) 58.7 (2.47) 24.9 (2.09) 
 

......... 19.8 (1.34) 78.2 (1.40) 2.0 (0.53) 22.8 (1.75) 73.5 (1.95) 3.7 (0.70) 17.2 (2.24) 60.4 (3.16) 22.4 (2.68) 
 

......... 17.5 (0.44) 79.3 (0.47) 3.2 (0.19) 17.9 (0.67) 72.8 (0.80) 9.2 (0.48) 13.7 (0.79) 53.2 (1.24) 33.0 (1.19) 
 

......... 16.9 (0.49) 79.8 (0.52) 3.3 (0.22) 17.1 (0.75) 73.4 (0.91) 9.5 (0.56) 13.4 (0.94) 52.3 (1.48) 34.2 (1.39) 
 

......... 20.9 (1.17) 76.7 (1.25) 2.4 (0.44) 20.9 (1.71) 70.9 (1.87) 8.2 (1.08) 16.0 (1.73) 58.2 (2.18) 25.9 (1.90) 
 

......... 16.2 (1.21) 79.2 (1.37) 4.6 (0.79) 16.9 (1.27) 76.0 (1.54) 7.0 (0.91) 14.0 (1.22) 56.6 (1.74) 29.4 (1.61) 
 

......... 16.5 (0.80) 80.7 (0.86) 2.9 (0.35) 16.7 (1.07) 74.8 (1.25) 8.6 (0.73) 13.3 (1.37) 52.0 (2.06) 34.6 (2.06) 
 

......... 17.8 (0.79) 79.4 (0.82) 2.8 (0.33) 19.4 (1.22) 71.2 (1.37) 9.4 (0.90) 14.4 (1.65) 53.3 (2.43) 32.3 (2.33) 
 

......... 18.3 (0.74) 78.4 (0.80) 3.3 (0.31) 20.2 (1.57) 69.8 (1.84) 10.0 (1.05) 14.2 (2.09) 52.5 (3.21) 33.3 (3.10) 
 

......... 18.6 (0.71) 77.9 (0.78) 3.5 (0.37) 18.5 (0.96) 72.1 (1.12) 9.4 (0.65) 12.5 (0.87) 52.8 (1.33) 34.7 (1.26) 
 

......... 17.9 (0.54) 79.1 (0.56) 3.1 (0.22) 18.8 (0.90) 73.2 (1.07) 8.0 (0.58) 16.3 (1.42) 54.4 (1.98) 29.3 (1.91) 
 

......... 17.7 (1.03) 79.7 (1.06) 2.6 (0.39) 18.1 (1.37) 72.0 (1.67) 9.9 (1.14) 14.2 (2.02) 52.6 (2.96) 33.3 (2.91) 
 ......... 18.7 (0.98) 77.8 (1.04) 3.5 (0.47) 19.0 (1.58) 74.1 (1.77) 6.9 (1.01) 17.2 (2.56) 56.3 (3.66) 26.5 (3.17) 
 ......... 16.3 (1.09) 81.3 (1.13) 2.4 (0.44) 20.2 (2.27) 72.7 (2.47) 7.1 (1.25) 16.5 (3.91) 53.2 (5.90) 30.3 (5.84) 
 

......... 18.1 (0.99) 78.6 (1.05) 3.3 (0.42) 18.4 (2.04) 73.8 (2.30) 7.8 (1.29) 19.9 (4.30) 55.8 (5.12) 24.4 (4.19) 
 

Page 138[ Series 10, No. 240
ns (with standard errors) of current health status relative to health status 1 year ago among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

—Con.

Current health status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Excellent or very good Good Fair or poor

Better About the Worse Better About the Worse Better About the Worse

than same as than than same as than than same as than

last year last year last year last year last year last year last year last year last year

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

......... 19.8 (1.25) 77.5 (1.27) 2.7 (0.47) 21.5 (1.62) 68.1 (1.85) 10.4 (1.13) 11.9 (1.27) 50.4 (2.14) 37.7 (2.01)

......... 18.4 (1.19) 77.5 (1.28) 4.1 (0.64) 18.3 (1.50) 72.3 (1.89) 9.5 (1.17) 13.3 (1.53) 53.1 (2.32) 33.6 (2.24)

......... 17.8 (0.52) 79.1 (0.54) 3.1 (0.21) 18.9 (0.87) 72.9 (0.99) 8.2 (0.55) 16.1 (1.28) 54.1 (1.73) 29.7 (1.68)......... 18.3 (0.52) 78.9 (0.55) 2.8 (0.20) 20.2 (0.98) 71.5 (1.12) 8.3 (0.62) 17.5 (1.55) 52.1 (2.20) 30.4 (2.12) 
 

......... 22.7 (2.10) 73.0 (2.20) 4.3 (1.06) 21.4 (2.29) 66.7 (2.77) 11.9 (1.83) 13.2 (1.61) 49.3 (2.93) 37.5 (2.77) 
 

......... 18.5 (2.55) 78.6 (2.74) *2.9 (1.16) 17.5 (2.86) 71.4 (3.53) 11.1 (2.73) 14.0 (3.19) 57.6 (3.87) 28.4 (3.74) 
 

......... 17.0 (0.93) 78.9 (1.06) 4.1 (0.56) 17.8 (1.43) 74.4 (1.69) 7.8 (0.98) 13.6 (1.83) 52.9 (2.63) 33.5 (2.49) 
 

......... 13.6 (1.35) 83.0 (1.42) 3.4 (0.59) 14.6 (1.35) 76.6 (1.62) 8.8 (1.00) 13.0 (1.66) 55.6 (2.36) 31.4 (2.27) 
 

......... 19.6 (5.27) 70.3 (6.85) † 14.0 (4.08) 70.5 (4.95) 15.4 (3.61) 10.9 (2.69) 60.8 (4.24) 28.3 (3.69) 
 

......... 12.4 (1.55) 84.2 (1.81) *3.4 (1.15) 12.5 (1.84) 79.2 (2.23) 8.3 (1.48) 10.7 (1.87) 61.1 (2.83) 28.2 (2.68) 
 

......... 17.2 (4.00) 81.2 (4.08) † 17.4 (4.38) 73.0 (5.03) *9.6 (3.34) *11.9 (3.68) 51.5 (6.29) 36.6 (6.05) 
 

......... † 89.9 (7.00) – – 100.0 (0.00) – † *37.9 (14.70) 60.7 (14.87)
 

......... 16.8 (0.55) 80.0 (0.58) 3.2 (0.24) 18.0 (0.87) 73.9 (1.02) 8.1 (0.56) 14.9 (1.11) 53.1 (1.70) 32.0 (1.63) 
 

......... 14.3 (1.39) 80.9 (1.58) 4.7 (0.94) 15.1 (1.42) 76.3 (1.72) 8.6 (1.06) 12.5 (1.92) 56.0 (2.57) 31.4 (2.24) 
 

......... 19.5 (1.03) 77.1 (1.13) 3.4 (0.55) 19.3 (1.57) 69.0 (1.82) 11.6 (1.23) 12.1 (1.19) 50.7 (2.10) 37.3 (2.03) 
 

......... 19.0 (0.86) 78.6 (0.89) 2.4 (0.34) 20.3 (1.56) 71.5 (1.72) 8.1 (1.00) 16.5 (2.12) 59.5 (2.95) 24.0 (2.49) 
 

......... 21.5 (1.64) 74.6 (1.71) 3.8 (0.87) 18.8 (2.57) 71.2 (2.90) 10.0 (1.83) 11.3 (2.77) 54.1 (4.83) 34.5 (4.83)
 

......... 18.6 (0.57) 78.0 (0.61) 3.4 (0.26) 18.4 (0.88) 72.8 (1.02) 8.8 (0.63) 15.9 (1.18) 52.3 (1.75) 31.8 (1.68)

......... 17.1 (0.77) 80.0 (0.81) 2.9 (0.28) 19.2 (1.16) 72.3 (1.41) 8.5 (0.74) 13.4 (1.21) 57.3 (1.94) 29.3 (1.77)

......... 16.4 (1.00) 80.9 (1.07) 2.7 (0.40) 17.0 (1.22) 74.2 (1.51) 8.8 (0.89) 11.7 (1.43) 52.3 (2.23) 36.1 (2.14)

......... 17.1 (1.06) 79.6 (1.10) 3.3 (0.48) 17.9 (1.51) 73.7 (1.65) 8.4 (1.16) 17.8 (2.10) 55.1 (2.93) 27.1 (2.42) 
 

......... 16.9 (0.78) 80.3 (0.82) 2.8 (0.33) 17.1 (1.12) 74.4 (1.40) 8.5 (0.93) 12.2 (1.51) 53.7 (2.62) 34.1 (2.51) 
 

......... 17.0 (0.66) 79.9 (0.72) 3.1 (0.28) 18.5 (1.06) 73.0 (1.27) 8.5 (0.65) 12.9 (1.11) 54.1 (1.77) 33.0 (1.67) 
 

. . . . . . . . . 20.5 (0.90) 76.0 (0.98) 3.4 (0.38) 19.9 (1.32) 70.7 (1.63) 9.4 (0.87) 16.0 (1.59) 53.4 (2.05) 30.7 (2.06) 
 

......... 16.1 (1.38) 81.4 (1.46) 2.5 (0.69) 17.4 (1.91) 79.4 (2.13) *3.2 (0.98) 17.0 (3.17) 66.9 (3.78) 16.2 (2.78)

......... 23.7 (1.45) 73.5 (1.53) 2.8 (0.53) 24.5 (2.09) 67.5 (2.28) 8.0 (1.22) 16.0 (2.09) 52.8 (3.10) 31.2 (2.86)

......... 16.6 (0.70) 80.0 (0.74) 3.4 (0.34) 16.2 (1.21) 75.1 (1.34) 8.7 (0.82) 14.2 (1.40) 56.2 (2.22) 29.7 (1.90)

......... 17.1 (0.64) 79.6 (0.70) 3.3 (0.29) 18.0 (0.99) 71.8 (1.20) 10.2 (0.79) 12.8 (1.22) 49.0 (1.85) 38.2 (1.78)

ale ....... 21.4 (1.81) 76.5 (1.90) 2.1 (0.55) 24.3 (3.01) 70.5 (3.08) 5.1 (1.28) 18.8 (2.84) 57.7 (3.52) 23.5 (3.00)

male ...... 20.4 (1.51) 76.9 (1.63) 2.7 (0.69) 18.0 (1.69) 71.3 (2.18) 10.8 (1.61) 14.2 (2.23) 58.5 (2.84) 27.3 (2.47)

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 139
at asked respondents, ‘‘Would you say [subject name’s] health in general is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?’’ Proxy responses were allowed for adults not taking part in this portion of the interview
 

reported health status (possibly by proxy) for the Sample Adult only). ‘‘Excellent’’ and ‘‘Very good’’ are combined in this table, as are ‘‘Fair’’ and ‘‘Poor.’’ All sample adult respondents were also asked,
 

ur health is better, worse, or about the same?’’
 

e denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

e 23.
 

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 

Page 140[ Series 10, No. 240
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 141

Table XV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

All current Every day Some day Former NonSelected characteristic Total smokers2 smokers2 smokers2 smokers3 smokers4

Percent distribution5 (standard error)

Total6 (crude) .............................. 100.0 19.8 (0.39) 15.4 (0.36) 4.4 (0.17) 21.5 (0.36) 58.7 (0.48)

Total6 (age-adjusted) ......................... 100.0 19.7 (0.38) 15.3 (0.36) 4.4 (0.17) 21.2 (0.33) 59.1 (0.48)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 22.3 (0.56) 17.1 (0.52) 5.2 (0.27) 25.1 (0.60) 52.5 (0.68)

Female .................................. 100.0 17.4 (0.46) 13.7 (0.43) 3.6 (0.21) 18.2 (0.43) 64.4 (0.60)

Age

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 22.6 (0.57) 17.0 (0.54) 5.7 (0.27) 12.4 (0.40) 65.0 (0.64)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 21.0 (0.60) 17.0 (0.56) 4.0 (0.26) 26.4 (0.63) 52.6 (0.76)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 12.2 (0.79) 10.3 (0.77) 1.9 (0.28) 40.1 (1.21) 47.8 (1.18)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 3.9 (0.50) 3.2 (0.45) *0.7 (0.23) 38.7 (1.30) 57.4 (1.35)

Race

1 race7 .................................. 100.0 19.7 (0.39) 15.3 (0.37) 4.4 (0.17) 21.5 (0.36) 58.8 (0.48)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 20.2 (0.45) 15.8 (0.43) 4.4 (0.19) 23.4 (0.42) 56.5 (0.54)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 19.8 (0.82) 14.9 (0.71) 4.9 (0.44) 13.4 (0.66) 66.8 (0.95)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 29.2 (4.84) 18.5 (3.88) 10.6 (3.05) 18.8 (4.01) 52.1 (6.38)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 9.8 (0.97) 7.3 (0.86) 2.5 (0.46) 10.7 (1.13) 79.5 (1.40)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 † † † † 76.3 (10.14)

2 or more races8 ............................ 100.0 25.1 (3.55) 21.3 (3.29) *3.8 (1.14) 23.5 (2.75) 51.4 (3.70)

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 *16.7 (5.90) *12.9 (5.42) † 18.6 (5.47) 64.7 (7.55)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 29.9 (5.43) 25.9 (5.13) *4.0 (1.72) 28.3 (4.25) 41.7 (5.29)

Hispanic or Latino origin9 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 13.3 (0.73) 7.7 (0.55) 5.6 (0.47) 14.0 (0.74) 72.7 (0.97)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 13.3 (0.92) 7.4 (0.71) 6.0 (0.58) 11.8 (0.74) 74.9 (1.10)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 20.8 (0.43) 16.6 (0.41) 4.2 (0.18) 22.7 (0.40) 56.5 (0.52)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 21.4 (0.51) 17.3 (0.49) 4.1 (0.20) 25.1 (0.47) 53.5 (0.60)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 19.8 (0.83) 14.9 (0.71) 4.9 (0.45) 13.6 (0.68) 66.6 (0.96)

Education10

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 24.8 (0.90) 20.2 (0.88) 4.6 (0.45) 22.6 (0.89) 52.6 (1.08)

High school diploma or GED11 ................... 100.0 25.6 (0.80) 21.5 (0.77) 4.1 (0.30) 24.1 (0.71) 50.3 (0.89)

Some college .............................. 100.0 20.9 (0.71) 16.5 (0.66) 4.4 (0.30) 26.2 (0.77) 52.9 (0.85)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 9.6 (0.54) 6.2 (0.49) 3.4 (0.29) 22.1 (0.72) 68.3 (0.83)

Family income12

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 25.3 (0.63) 20.0 (0.59) 5.3 (0.28) 20.3 (0.59) 54.4 (0.79)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 18.0 (0.52) 13.7 (0.49) 4.3 (0.23) 22.3 (0.47) 59.8 (0.58)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 24.0 (1.00) 18.6 (0.89) 5.5 (0.48) 21.2 (0.85) 54.8 (1.10)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 19.8 (0.93) 15.5 (0.90) 4.3 (0.42) 22.4 (0.82) 57.8 (1.05)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 15.6 (1.00) 12.0 (0.90) 3.5 (0.48) 23.4 (1.01) 61.1 (1.19)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 12.9 (0.79) 9.0 (0.68) 3.9 (0.44) 22.3 (0.85) 64.8 (1.04)

Poverty status13

Poor.................................... 100.0 28.4 (1.23) 22.4 (1.21) 6.0 (0.50) 14.0 (0.82) 57.6 (1.46)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 24.9 (0.97) 19.9 (0.92) 5.0 (0.46) 19.7 (0.94) 55.4 (1.11)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 18.1 (0.49) 13.8 (0.46) 4.4 (0.22) 23.4 (0.45) 58.5 (0.58)

Health insurance coverage14

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 17.4 (0.47) 12.9 (0.44) 4.4 (0.23) 19.8 (0.47) 62.8 (0.62)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 33.1 (1.59) 27.3 (1.55) 5.8 (0.69) 13.5 (0.98) 53.4 (1.64)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 26.7 (2.00) 21.9 (1.83) 4.8 (0.90) 24.1 (1.94) 49.2 (2.24)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 32.7 (0.99) 26.0 (0.96) 6.7 (0.45) 13.0 (0.68) 54.3 (1.03)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 7.9 (0.65) 6.7 (0.59) 1.2 (0.25) 41.7 (1.24) 50.4 (1.24)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 14.1 (2.37) 11.6 (2.23) *2.4 (0.97) 23.2 (2.53) 62.8 (3.12)

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 7.8 (0.84) 6.5 (0.79) 1.3 (0.32) 36.6 (1.61) 55.5 (1.62)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 7.8 (1.69) 6.7 (1.62) *1.1 (0.48) 46.7 (3.14) 45.5 (3.22)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 † † † *24.2 (8.21) 59.2 (9.92)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 142 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XV. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of current cigarette smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over,

by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Smoking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

All current Every day Some day Former NonSelected characteristic Total smokers2 smokers2 smokers2 smokers3 smokers4

Marital status Percent distribution5 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 15.2 (0.44) 12.1 (0.41) 3.1 (0.19) 24.8 (0.49) 60.0 (0.59)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 12.0 (0.84) 9.9 (0.76) 2.1 (0.38) 30.0 (1.25) 58.0 (1.30)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 29.5 (0.89) 23.8 (0.84) 5.7 (0.45) 23.1 (0.80) 47.4 (1.06)

Never married.............................. 100.0 23.6 (0.91) 16.9 (0.82) 6.8 (0.46) 10.0 (0.58) 66.4 (1.04)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 38.3 (1.81) 30.5 (1.82) 7.8 (0.85) 19.0 (1.31) 42.7 (1.69)

Place of residence15

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 17.7 (0.57) 13.4 (0.55) 4.3 (0.23) 20.7 (0.50) 61.6 (0.68)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 21.0 (0.66) 16.1 (0.61) 4.9 (0.31) 22.4 (0.70) 56.6 (0.90)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 23.4 (1.01) 19.7 (0.94) 3.7 (0.35) 22.3 (0.87) 54.3 (1.11)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 18.0 (0.82) 13.8 (0.81) 4.3 (0.40) 24.0 (0.84) 57.9 (1.10)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 22.0 (0.97) 17.5 (0.96) 4.5 (0.36) 22.0 (0.66) 56.0 (1.04)

South ................................... 100.0 21.0 (0.58) 16.9 (0.54) 4.1 (0.25) 20.2 (0.67) 58.8 (0.78)

West ................................... 100.0 16.6 (0.77) 11.9 (0.62) 4.7 (0.37) 21.2 (0.73) 62.1 (0.99)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 18.0 (1.22) 9.8 (0.89) 8.1 (0.84) 18.0 (1.32) 64.0 (1.61)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 8.3 (0.71) 5.5 (0.57) 2.8 (0.41) 9.7 (0.70) 81.9 (0.96)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 23.1 (0.72) 18.7 (0.70) 4.4 (0.31) 28.4 (0.78) 48.5 (0.86)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 19.8 (0.59) 16.0 (0.56) 3.9 (0.27) 22.0 (0.56) 58.2 (0.75)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 24.8 (1.44) 17.9 (1.25) 6.9 (0.84) 17.1 (1.16) 58.1 (1.64)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 15.8 (0.95) 12.4 (0.85) 3.4 (0.45) 10.7 (0.79) 73.5 (1.12)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1The data in this table are based on two questions in the survey: ‘‘Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?’’ and ‘‘Do you now smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?’’
 

2Current smokers have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and still currently smoke. Every day smokers are current smokers who smoke every day while some day smokers are current
 

smokers who smoke on some days.
 

3Former smokers are persons who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, but currently do not smoke at all.
 

4Nonsmokers are persons who have never smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime.
 

5Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

6Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

7In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

8The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

9Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

10Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

11GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

12The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

13Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

14Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

15MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 25.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 143

Table XVI. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Lifetime Former Former Current Current

Selected characteristic Total abstainer2 infrequent2,3 regular2,3 infrequent2,3 regular2,3

Percent distribution4 (standard error)

Total5 (crude) .............................. 100.0 23.8 (0.51) 8.4 (0.25) 6.4 (0.25) 12.5 (0.29) 48.5 (0.51)

Total5 (age-adjusted) ......................... 100.0 24.0 (0.51) 8.3 (0.24) 6.3 (0.24) 12.4 (0.29) 48.6 (0.51)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 16.6 (0.58) 7.2 (0.33) 7.8 (0.36) 9.4 (0.37) 58.4 (0.69)

Female .................................. 100.0 30.4 (0.63) 9.5 (0.35) 5.1 (0.27) 15.4 (0.40) 39.3 (0.61)

Age

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 24.0 (0.65) 5.0 (0.30) 3.7 (0.21) 12.1 (0.40) 54.5 (0.73)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 19.7 (0.64) 10.1 (0.44) 7.9 (0.41) 13.9 (0.50) 48.1 (0.71)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 27.5 (1.22) 15.0 (0.86) 10.9 (0.87) 11.3 (0.78) 35.1 (1.22)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 36.2 (1.34) 15.0 (0.93) 12.3 (0.89) 9.9 (0.81) 26.3 (1.17)

Race

1 race6 .................................. 100.0 23.8 (0.51) 8.4 (0.25) 6.4 (0.25) 12.5 (0.29) 48.6 (0.51)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 20.9 (0.55) 8.3 (0.28) 6.6 (0.28) 12.5 (0.32) 51.2 (0.57)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 34.0 (1.19) 9.9 (0.62) 5.9 (0.50) 12.6 (0.68) 37.2 (1.05)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 25.6 (4.97) 9.7 (1.67) 10.3 (2.46) 16.2 (2.86) 36.7 (4.70)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.8 (1.89) 5.7 (0.95) 2.6 (0.51) 10.7 (1.06) 33.7 (1.64)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 *36.8 (12.06) † † † 42.4 (10.97)

2 or more races7 ............................ 100.0 24.4 (2.87) 10.4 (1.99) 9.5 (1.88) 13.0 (2.18) 42.6 (3.17)

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 28.8 (8.55) *9.9 (4.61) *6.6 (3.09) *21.2 (7.27) 33.5 (7.72)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 21.3 (3.81) *10.0 (3.00) 12.2 (2.97) 12.6 (3.25) 43.9 (4.76)

Hispanic or Latino origin8 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 34.8 (1.00) 6.9 (0.53) 4.6 (0.40) 12.5 (0.66) 40.6 (1.02)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 36.4 (1.28) 6.8 (0.66) 4.7 (0.47) 11.5 (0.81) 40.3 (1.25)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 22.1 (0.55) 8.6 (0.27) 6.7 (0.28) 12.5 (0.31) 49.7 (0.55)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 18.4 (0.60) 8.5 (0.31) 6.9 (0.32) 12.6 (0.36) 53.1 (0.63)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 34.4 (1.21) 9.9 (0.63) 5.9 (0.52) 12.4 (0.69) 37.0 (1.06)

Education9

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 35.1 (1.05) 12.8 (0.69) 10.5 (0.67) 10.4 (0.65) 30.7 (0.93)

High school diploma or GED10 ................... 100.0 25.3 (0.89) 10.5 (0.50) 8.4 (0.55) 13.4 (0.53) 41.9 (0.84)

Some college .............................. 100.0 17.5 (0.65) 9.6 (0.51) 6.5 (0.42) 15.1 (0.62) 50.7 (0.88)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 16.4 (0.68) 5.7 (0.43) 4.6 (0.32) 11.8 (0.50) 61.2 (0.89)

Family income11

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 30.1 (0.74) 10.7 (0.45) 8.4 (0.41) 11.4 (0.44) 38.9 (0.84)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 18.9 (0.54) 7.1 (0.30) 5.3 (0.28) 13.3 (0.39) 54.9 (0.63)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 24.3 (1.04) 9.3 (0.64) 6.9 (0.59) 13.4 (0.71) 45.6 (1.17)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 20.9 (0.89) 7.3 (0.53) 5.7 (0.48) 14.9 (0.71) 50.7 (1.07)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 18.5 (1.13) 6.6 (0.65) 5.4 (0.62) 13.8 (0.92) 55.3 (1.35)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 12.9 (0.74) 5.5 (0.51) 3.7 (0.39) 11.4 (0.71) 66.3 (1.00)

Poverty status12

Poor.................................... 100.0 32.9 (1.21) 10.3 (0.79) 7.5 (0.62) 10.7 (0.64) 38.2 (1.61)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 30.3 (1.01) 10.7 (0.71) 8.0 (0.59) 12.9 (0.71) 37.8 (1.10)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 17.8 (0.51) 7.5 (0.29) 5.6 (0.27) 13.1 (0.36) 55.5 (0.59)

Health insurance coverage13

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 19.1 (0.55) 6.3 (0.31) 4.7 (0.25) 13.0 (0.37) 56.4 (0.61)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 37.5 (1.56) 12.3 (0.96) 7.5 (0.75) 12.8 (1.05) 29.5 (1.52)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 23.3 (2.06) 12.2 (1.44) 10.9 (1.63) 14.3 (1.80) 38.6 (2.36)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 26.6 (0.90) 6.8 (0.50) 6.0 (0.47) 12.2 (0.64) 47.7 (1.02)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 28.5 (1.18) 15.1 (0.86) 10.6 (0.94) 10.6 (0.76) 34.9 (1.18)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 45.1 (3.20) 15.3 (2.25) 16.1 (2.50) 12.3 (2.44) 11.1 (1.95)

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 35.9 (1.68) 14.6 (1.14) 10.9 (1.00) 10.5 (1.00) 27.6 (1.54)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 27.7 (3.20) 14.6 (2.50) 18.0 (2.50) 9.5 (1.96) 29.6 (3.23)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 32.8 (8.78) *23.0 (8.63) † *14.9 (7.40) *22.3 (9.18)

See footnotes at end of table.
Page 144 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XVI. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over, by

selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Alcohol drinking status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Lifetime Former Former Current Current

Selected characteristic Total abstainer2 infrequent2,3 regular2,3 infrequent2,3 regular2,3

Marital status Percent distribution4 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 22.5 (0.61) 9.3 (0.36) 6.7 (0.35) 13.5 (0.41) 47.6 (0.63)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 38.9 (1.39) 15.5 (0.95) 10.7 (0.86) 11.1 (0.80) 23.7 (1.13)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 18.6 (0.84) 9.4 (0.58) 8.7 (0.60) 13.3 (0.78) 49.6 (1.08)

Never married.............................. 100.0 28.9 (1.03) 3.8 (0.32) 3.2 (0.29) 9.8 (0.56) 53.6 (1.16)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 11.6 (1.06) 6.2 (0.77) 5.6 (0.74) 12.2 (1.09) 63.4 (1.71)

Place of residence14

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 23.4 (0.54) 7.3 (0.32) 5.5 (0.26) 12.8 (0.40) 50.7 (0.66)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 22.2 (0.98) 8.7 (0.45) 6.1 (0.39) 12.3 (0.49) 50.2 (1.02)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 27.8 (1.76) 11.1 (0.69) 9.5 (1.02) 12.1 (0.67) 38.9 (1.30)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 18.5 (0.85) 7.0 (0.49) 5.6 (0.44) 13.2 (0.76) 55.3 (1.24)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 20.6 (1.04) 8.0 (0.48) 6.5 (0.70) 13.8 (0.62) 50.7 (1.07)

South ................................... 100.0 27.9 (0.97) 9.3 (0.47) 6.7 (0.38) 12.0 (0.47) 43.7 (0.85)

West ................................... 100.0 24.6 (0.91) 8.4 (0.52) 6.5 (0.43) 11.3 (0.52) 48.6 (0.97)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 20.7 (1.31) 6.4 (0.74) 5.0 (0.55) 9.8 (0.88) 57.5 (1.57)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 49.7 (1.32) 7.6 (0.62) 4.3 (0.57) 15.5 (0.97) 22.7 (1.11)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 13.2 (0.70) 7.3 (0.41) 8.6 (0.47) 9.2 (0.46) 61.2 (0.86)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 23.1 (0.74) 9.7 (0.44) 5.4 (0.35) 15.7 (0.50) 45.7 (0.78)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 25.4 (1.71) 7.9 (0.87) 7.6 (0.83) 9.7 (1.06) 49.0 (1.73)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 41.6 (1.47) 11.6 (0.88) 4.6 (0.60) 14.6 (0.89) 27.4 (1.19)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1Data on alcohol consumption are derived from several source questions: ‘‘In ANY ONE YEAR, have you had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ ‘‘In your ENTIRE LIFE, have you
 

had at least 12 drinks of any type of alcoholic beverage?’’ and ‘‘In the PAST YEAR, how often did you drink any type of alcoholic beverage?’’
 

2The drinking status categories in this table are based on the same definitions used in the Health, United States publications (see Appendix II), and are derived from respondents’ self-reported
 

responses to a series of questions about alcohol consumption. A lifetime abstainer had fewer than 12 drinks in his/her lifetime. A former drinker had at least 12 drinks in his/her lifetime or in any 1 year
 

AND had no drink in the past year. A current drinker had at least 12 drinks in his/her lifetime or in any 1 year AND had a drink between 1–365 times in the past year.
 

3Former regular drinkers had at least 12 drinks in any one year and no drinks in the last year. Current infrequent drinkers had at least 12 drinks in their lifetime and fewer than 12 drinks in the past
 

year, and current regular drinkers had at least 12 drinks in the past year. Former and current drinkers for whom the frequency of consumption or amount consumed was unknown are not included.
 

4Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

5Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

6In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

7The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

8Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

9Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

10GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

11The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

12Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

13Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

14MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 27.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
ons (with standard errors) of leisure-time physical activity status and of number of periods per week of vigorous leisure-time physical activity

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Leisure-time physical activity status Frequency of vigorous physical activity per week

among persons 18 years of age and over1 among persons 18 years of age and over2

Some Regular

leisure-time leisure-time Less 5 or

Total Inactive activity activity Total Never than 1 1–2 3–4 more

Percent distribution3 (standard error) Percent distribution3 (standard error)

......... 100.0 39.1 (0.65) 30.1 (0.48) 30.8 (0.49) 100.0 61.5 (0.60) 2.8 (0.14) 11.5 (0.33) 12.8 (0.31) 11.4 (0.33)
 

......... 100.0 39.1 (0.64) 30.1 (0.48) 30.8 (0.49) 100.0 61.3 (0.58) 2.8 (0.14) 11.6 (0.32) 12.9 (0.31) 11.4 (0.33)
 

. . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.8 (0.79) 30.3 (0.67) 33.0 (0.66) 100.0 55.7 (0.75) 3.5 (0.25) 13.7 (0.48) 14.0 (0.44) 13.1 (0.48)

......... 100.0 41.3 (0.73) 30.0 (0.55) 28.7 (0.59) 100.0 67.0 (0.68) 2.1 (0.16) 9.5 (0.39) 11.6 (0.38) 9.7 (0.36)

......... 100.0 34.4 (0.81) 31.3 (0.62) 34.3 (0.68) 100.0 52.5 (0.79) 3.5 (0.21) 15.0 (0.48) 16.3 (0.48) 12.7 (0.47)
 ......... 100.0 38.9 (0.83) 31.1 (0.72) 30.0 (0.71) 100.0 64.3 (0.85) 2.6 (0.27) 10.2 (0.47) 11.4 (0.47) 11.4 (0.51)
 ......... 100.0 48.1 (1.44) 27.2 (1.22) 24.7 (1.12) 100.0 78.7 (1.12) 1.3 (0.29) 5.0 (0.62) 6.8 (0.63) 8.3 (0.72)
 

......... 100.0 60.9 (1.38) 21.2 (1.04) 17.9 (1.09) 100.0 88.7 (0.90) *0.7 (0.21) 2.1 (0.35) 2.9 (0.42) 5.7 (0.67)
 

......... 100.0 39.2 (0.65) 30.1 (0.49) 30.7 (0.49) 100.0 61.7 (0.60) 2.8 (0.14) 11.5 (0.33) 12.7 (0.31) 11.3 (0.33)
 

......... 100.0 37.7 (0.71) 30.4 (0.55) 31.9 (0.55) 100.0 60.6 (0.66) 2.8 (0.16) 11.7 (0.38) 13.0 (0.34) 11.8 (0.37)
 

. . . . . . . . . 100.0 49.8 (1.22) 26.5 (0.96) 23.7 (0.94) 100.0 68.1 (1.11) 2.5 (0.44) 9.9 (0.70) 11.1 (0.73) 8.4 (0.58)
 

......... 100.0 39.6 (3.54) 37.6 (3.95) 22.7 (3.83) 100.0 70.5 (3.70) *4.7 (1.67) 8.8 (1.97) 4.9 (1.35) *11.0 (3.38)
 

......... 100.0 38.0 (1.74) 31.9 (1.75) 30.1 (1.62) 100.0 61.3 (1.89) 2.8 (0.57) 12.9 (1.33) 12.8 (1.21) 10.2 (0.92)
 

......... 100.0 *37.9 (14.38) *28.0 (9.09) *34.1 (13.05) 100.0 63.9 (10.44) – † *15.4 (7.59) †
 

......... 100.0 34.6 (3.32) 33.1 (3.56) 32.3 (3.03) 100.0 53.2 (3.70) *3.6 (1.45) 12.1 (3.05) 15.5 (2.39) 15.6 (2.55)
 

......... 100.0 36.8 (8.19) 25.8 (6.86) 37.4 (8.41) 100.0 50.7 (8.42) † *16.4 (6.24) *17.2 (6.65) *12.2 (5.51)
 

......... 100.0 35.8 (4.58) 31.4 (5.20) 32.8 (4.33) 100.0 58.0 (4.63) † *8.7 (3.28) 17.4 (3.59) 14.6 (3.65)
 

ce
 

......... 100.0 49.3 (1.10) 26.0 (0.99) 24.7 (0.91) 100.0 69.1 (1.03) 2.4 (0.35) 9.0 (0.62) 10.2 (0.65) 9.3 (0.59)
 

......... 100.0 49.5 (1.36) 26.8 (1.23) 23.7 (1.11) 100.0 69.6 (1.28) 2.4 (0.44) 10.1 (0.83) 9.5 (0.78) 8.5 (0.74)
 

......... 100.0 37.5 (0.70) 30.8 (0.53) 31.7 (0.55) 100.0 60.4 (0.67) 2.9 (0.15) 11.9 (0.36) 13.2 (0.33) 11.7 (0.36)
 

......... 100.0 35.5 (0.78) 31.3 (0.62) 33.2 (0.63) 100.0 59.1 (0.74) 2.9 (0.17) 12.2 (0.43) 13.6 (0.38) 12.3 (0.42)
 

......... 100.0 49.6 (1.25) 26.7 (0.99) 23.7 (0.96) 100.0 67.9 (1.14) 2.6 (0.45) 10.0 (0.71) 11.1 (0.74) 8.4 (0.59)
 

......... 100.0 64.8 (1.15) 20.7 (0.94) 14.5 (0.76) 100.0 85.0 (0.78) 1.5 (0.28) 4.3 (0.44) 3.9 (0.40) 5.2 (0.46)
 

......... 100.0 49.4 (1.03) 29.1 (0.86) 21.5 (0.71) 100.0 73.7 (0.84) 1.8 (0.23) 9.3 (0.49) 7.3 (0.42) 7.8 (0.46)
 

......... 100.0 34.5 (0.87) 33.2 (0.85) 32.3 (0.80) 100.0 60.5 (0.92) 3.4 (0.30) 11.1 (0.58) 13.2 (0.58) 11.8 (0.56)
 

......... 100.0 21.8 (0.77) 34.1 (0.87) 44.1 (0.86) 100.0 44.4 (0.93) 3.5 (0.33) 15.7 (0.69) 20.6 (0.65) 15.8 (0.61)
 

......... 100.0 51.2 (0.91) 25.9 (0.66) 22.9 (0.69) 100.0 73.0 (0.84) 1.9 (0.18) 9.1 (0.46) 7.6 (0.41) 8.4 (0.43)
 

......... 100.0 31.4 (0.70) 33.4 (0.64) 35.2 (0.63) 100.0 54.5 (0.72) 3.6 (0.22) 13.3 (0.42) 15.7 (0.41) 12.9 (0.45)
 

......... 100.0 43.2 (1.24) 28.6 (1.08) 28.1 (1.06) 100.0 64.5 (1.16) 2.8 (0.37) 10.8 (0.71) 11.8 (0.71) 10.1 (0.69)
 ......... 100.0 34.4 (1.10) 33.6 (1.08) 32.0 (0.99) 100.0 58.6 (1.18) 3.4 (0.38) 12.7 (0.71) 13.5 (0.75) 11.7 (0.71)
 ......... 100.0 29.2 (1.23) 36.6 (1.29) 34.2 (1.28) 100.0 55.7 (1.32) 3.3 (0.42) 13.1 (0.87) 15.5 (0.91) 12.3 (0.85)
 

......... 100.0 20.6 (1.03) 34.8 (1.08) 44.7 (1.17) 100.0 41.7 (1.22) 4.4 (0.53) 16.1 (0.85) 21.0 (0.89) 16.8 (0.89)
 

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 145
ons (with standard errors) of leisure-time physical activity status and of number of periods per week of vigorous leisure-time physical activity

persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Leisure-time physical activity status Frequency of vigorous physical activity per week

among persons 18 years of age and over1 among persons 18 years of age and over2

Some Regular

leisure-time leisure-time Less 5 or

Total Inactive activity activity Total Never than 1 1–2 3–4 more

Percent distribution3 (standard error) Percent distribution3 (standard error)

......... 100.0 55.0 (1.60) 23.3 (1.04) 21.7 (1.28) 100.0 72.9 (1.67) 1.7 (0.27) 9.3 (0.76) 7.4 (0.78) 8.7 (0.82)
 

......... 100.0 48.7 (1.22) 27.3 (1.02) 24.0 (0.97) 100.0 71.6 (1.11) 2.3 (0.33) 8.8 (0.74) 8.8 (0.59) 8.4 (0.66)
 

......... 100.0 31.3 (0.67) 33.5 (0.59) 35.2 (0.59) 100.0 54.8 (0.70) 3.4 (0.20) 13.4 (0.42) 15.3 (0.39) 13.0 (0.41)
 

......... 100.0 29.6 (0.71) 33.8 (0.62) 36.6 (0.64) 100.0 51.4 (0.73) 3.6 (0.22) 14.7 (0.46) 16.9 (0.43) 13.4 (0.45)

......... 100.0 57.8 (1.76) 22.8 (1.42) 19.4 (1.29) 100.0 79.6 (1.35) 1.4 (0.33) 6.8 (0.82) 5.7 (0.67) 6.5 (0.78)

......... 100.0 46.8 (2.49) 24.0 (1.97) 29.2 (2.00) 100.0 67.8 (2.20) *1.3 (0.47) 7.7 (1.38) 10.5 (1.24) 12.8 (1.53)

......... 100.0 48.7 (1.11) 27.1 (0.98) 24.2 (0.89) 100.0 67.3 (1.08) 2.6 (0.32) 11.0 (0.70) 9.0 (0.61) 10.1 (0.68)

......... 100.0 49.2 (1.39) 27.3 (1.12) 23.5 (1.05) 100.0 80.6 (1.09) 1.4 (0.30) 4.4 (0.55) 5.9 (0.55) 7.7 (0.77)

......... 100.0 73.6 (2.96) 15.1 (2.28) 11.2 (2.12) 100.0 94.2 (1.26) † *1.6 (0.66) *1.5 (0.61) *2.4 (0.89)

......... 100.0 59.1 (1.86) 21.1 (1.38) 19.9 (1.40) 100.0 86.6 (1.16) *0.4 (0.16) 2.4 (0.43) 3.6 (0.59) 7.0 (0.86)

......... 100.0 56.7 (3.34) 21.9 (2.77) 21.4 (2.69) 100.0 82.8 (2.35) † *4.1 (1.33) 6.4 (1.74) 5.4 (1.36)

......... 100.0 53.9 (9.89) *18.7 (6.88) *27.4 (8.85) 100.0 85.2 (6.64) – † – †

......... 100.0 37.8 (0.75) 31.5 (0.60) 30.8 (0.62) 100.0 61.6 (0.68) 3.0 (0.21) 11.3 (0.41) 12.7 (0.39) 11.4 (0.43)
 

......... 100.0 60.2 (1.42) 22.4 (1.06) 17.3 (1.09) 100.0 87.7 (0.86) 0.6 (0.17) 2.7 (0.36) 4.2 (0.47) 4.8 (0.59)
 

......... 100.0 44.1 (1.13) 27.9 (0.96) 27.9 (0.94) 100.0 67.6 (1.12) 2.2 (0.30) 9.4 (0.79) 10.8 (0.62) 10.1 (0.59)
 

......... 100.0 33.9 (1.10) 29.4 (0.97) 36.7 (1.04) 100.0 51.0 (1.16) 3.3 (0.33) 14.8 (0.76) 16.5 (0.75) 14.4 (0.74)
 

......... 100.0 37.0 (1.72) 32.7 (1.81) 30.3 (1.58) 100.0 57.9 (1.87) 2.6 (0.51) 15.5 (1.24) 13.8 (1.29) 10.1 (0.94)
 

......... 100.0 37.3 (0.70) 30.4 (0.63) 32.3 (0.59) 100.0 59.5 (0.76) 2.9 (0.22) 12.1 (0.51) 14.5 (0.43) 11.0 (0.37)
 

......... 100.0 38.0 (1.50) 30.7 (0.96) 31.3 (1.07) 100.0 60.3 (1.23) 2.9 (0.24) 11.4 (0.55) 12.5 (0.58) 12.8 (0.71)
 

. . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.5 (1.69) 28.2 (1.19) 25.3 (1.09) 100.0 69.9 (1.44) 2.2 (0.27) 10.0 (0.72) 8.4 (0.61) 9.6 (0.68)
 

......... 100.0 37.8 (1.27) 31.4 (1.05) 30.9 (1.06) 100.0 60.2 (1.20) 3.3 (0.35) 12.4 (0.76) 14.1 (0.74) 10.1 (0.68)
 

......... 100.0 34.4 (1.56) 33.4 (1.23) 32.2 (1.14) 100.0 57.1 (1.47) 3.6 (0.35) 13.2 (0.80) 13.3 (0.69) 12.8 (0.78)
 

......... 100.0 45.9 (1.07) 26.8 (0.69) 27.3 (0.78) 100.0 66.1 (0.92) 2.2 (0.21) 10.1 (0.51) 11.8 (0.49) 9.8 (0.46)
 

. . . . . . . . . 100.0 34.0 (1.09) 31.2 (0.88) 34.9 (1.03) 100.0 59.9 (1.20) 2.4 (0.26) 11.6 (0.57) 12.8 (0.60) 13.3 (0.76)
 

......... 100.0 45.7 (1.55) 27.6 (1.45) 26.6 (1.34) 100.0 62.4 (1.49) 3.3 (0.62) 11.7 (1.04) 12.1 (1.10) 10.4 (0.91)

......... 100.0 53.0 (1.34) 24.2 (1.17) 22.7 (1.15) 100.0 76.2 (1.19) 1.4 (0.31) 6.2 (0.67) 8.2 (0.70) 8.1 (0.77)

......... 100.0 33.8 (0.97) 30.8 (0.89) 35.4 (0.87) 100.0 53.9 (0.93) 3.5 (0.30) 14.1 (0.60) 14.4 (0.56) 14.1 (0.62)

......... 100.0 37.0 (0.88) 31.7 (0.68) 31.2 (0.75) 100.0 63.8 (0.85) 2.3 (0.20) 10.5 (0.51) 12.8 (0.50) 10.6 (0.47)

ale ....... 100.0 44.3 (1.85) 26.9 (1.63) 28.9 (1.65) 100.0 58.3 (1.86) 3.7 (0.92) 12.4 (1.31) 13.9 (1.32) 11.6 (1.08)

male ...... 100.0 54.0 (1.48) 26.5 (1.21) 19.5 (1.06) 100.0 75.7 (1.21) 1.8 (0.33) 8.0 (0.76) 8.9 (0.76) 5.7 (0.62)

Page 146[ Series 10, No. 240

e standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or precision.

r than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
ty were phrased in terms of current behavior and lack a specific reference period. Respondents were asked about the frequency and duration of vigorous and light or moderate physical activity during
 

no sessions of light or moderate or vigorous leisure-time activity of at least 10 minutes duration; adults classified with some leisure-time activity reported at least one session of light or moderate or vigorous
 

did not meet the definition for regular leisure-time activity; adults classified with regular leisure-time activity reported three or more sessions per week of vigorous activity lasting at least 20 minutes or five or
 

ty lasting at least 30 minutes in duration. See Appendix II, Physical activity, leisure-time.
 

ty were phrased in terms of current behavior and lack a specific reference period. The data for ‘‘Frequency of vigorous physical activity per week among persons 18 years of age and over’’ are based on
 

ents how often they did vigorous activities during their leisure time for at least 10 minutes that caused heavy sweating and large increases in breathing or heart rates. Persons could indicate the time period
 

week,’’ ‘‘Times per month,’’ or ‘‘Times per year.’’ Persons who indicated they were unable to do vigorous activity were included in the ‘‘Never’’ category.
 

e denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

nd persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons who indicated a single race other than the groups
 

t shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of
 

mbination of races. The tables in this report use the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For
 

merican’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

ns who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or
 

quencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

y race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

rs and over.
 

hool equivalency diploma.
 

0 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see Appendix I). The indented categories include only those
 

the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

mily size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less
 

sons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

sed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and
 

ately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category ‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage.
 

Private’’ includes persons with only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service
 

ne type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

e 29.
 

2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 

Series 10, No. 240[ Page 147
Page 148 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XVIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007

Body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over1

Healthy

Selected characteristic Total Underweight weight Overweight Obese

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (crude) ................................... 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 36.7 (0.42) 35.3 (0.40) 26.2 (0.40)

Total3 (age-adjusted) .............................. 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 37.1 (0.42) 35.1 (0.40) 25.9 (0.40)

Sex

Male ........................................ 100.0 1.0 (0.13) 29.8 (0.59) 42.4 (0.63) 26.9 (0.55)

Female....................................... 100.0 2.7 (0.20) 43.4 (0.56) 28.4 (0.50) 25.5 (0.52)

Age

18–44 years.................................... 100.0 2.2 (0.19) 41.1 (0.60) 32.2 (0.57) 24.5 (0.54)

45–64 years.................................... 100.0 1.0 (0.17) 30.3 (0.66) 38.4 (0.70) 30.2 (0.71)

65–74 years.................................... 100.0 1.4 (0.29) 31.6 (1.18) 39.9 (1.16) 27.2 (1.10)

75 years and over ................................ 100.0 3.7 (0.54) 42.1 (1.28) 36.5 (1.23) 17.7 (0.98)

Race

1 race4 ....................................... 100.0 1.9 (0.13) 36.7 (0.42) 35.3 (0.41) 26.1 (0.40)

White ...................................... 100.0 1.8 (0.13) 36.9 (0.47) 35.7 (0.46) 25.7 (0.44)

Black or African American .......................... 100.0 1.6 (0.27) 28.2 (0.94) 34.7 (1.00) 35.5 (1.08)

American Indian or Alaska Native ..................... 100.0 † 31.6 (3.83) 35.1 (3.45) 33.1 (4.17)

Asian ...................................... 100.0 4.7 (0.97) 56.8 (1.81) 29.4 (1.60) 9.2 (0.98)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ................ 100.0 † *30.0 (10.87) *31.4 (10.80) *35.7 (12.62)

2 or more races5 ................................. 100.0 *1.0 (0.49) 34.5 (3.04) 34.5 (3.05) 30.1 (3.36)

Black or African American, white...................... 100.0 † 43.0 (8.40) 39.8 (8.38) *16.5 (5.70)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ................. 100.0 † 30.1 (4.37) 35.1 (4.53) 34.0 (5.02)

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ................................ 100.0 1.5 (0.27) 31.2 (0.99) 39.5 (1.08) 27.9 (1.01)

Mexican or Mexican American ....................... 100.0 1.5 (0.36) 29.7 (1.27) 38.6 (1.29) 30.1 (1.30)

Not Hispanic or Latino ............................. 100.0 1.9 (0.14) 37.5 (0.45) 34.6 (0.43) 25.9 (0.43)

White, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.8 (0.14) 37.9 (0.52) 35.1 (0.51) 25.2 (0.48)

Black or African American, single race .................. 100.0 1.6 (0.28) 27.8 (0.94) 34.5 (1.01) 36.0 (1.09)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ....................... 100.0 2.2 (0.46) 28.4 (0.85) 35.7 (0.97) 33.6 (1.02)

High school diploma or GED8 ......................... 100.0 1.5 (0.19) 31.4 (0.79) 36.2 (0.74) 30.9 (0.77)

Some college ................................... 100.0 1.2 (0.16) 31.6 (0.81) 36.8 (0.83) 30.4 (0.80)

Bachelor’s degree or higher .......................... 100.0 1.5 (0.19) 41.4 (0.81) 37.7 (0.81) 19.4 (0.65)

Family income9

Less than $35,000................................ 100.0 2.6 (0.22) 36.8 (0.71) 32.2 (0.63) 28.3 (0.69)

$35,000 or more ................................. 100.0 1.4 (0.17) 36.3 (0.56) 36.4 (0.53) 25.8 (0.51)

$35,000–$49,999 ............................... 100.0 1.7 (0.40) 34.1 (1.05) 35.3 (1.05) 28.9 (1.06)

$50,000–$74,999 ............................... 100.0 1.5 (0.25) 34.3 (1.02) 36.5 (1.01) 27.8 (0.93)

$75,000–$99,999 ............................... 100.0 0.9 (0.26) 35.0 (1.24) 37.9 (1.20) 26.2 (1.13)

$100,000 or more ............................... 100.0 1.3 (0.31) 40.9 (1.10) 36.4 (1.05) 21.3 (0.92)

Poverty status10

Poor ........................................ 100.0 2.9 (0.38) 37.8 (1.32) 30.7 (1.07) 28.6 (1.23)

Near poor ..................................... 100.0 2.1 (0.29) 33.5 (1.04) 34.8 (1.09) 29.5 (0.99)

Not poor ...................................... 100.0 1.5 (0.14) 36.8 (0.51) 36.2 (0.51) 25.5 (0.48)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 1.7 (0.16) 37.5 (0.56) 35.3 (0.54) 25.5 (0.54)

Medicaid .................................... 100.0 2.5 (0.50) 32.7 (1.47) 31.0 (1.55) 33.8 (1.51)

Other ...................................... 100.0 *0.8 (0.35) 30.4 (2.07) 34.3 (2.05) 34.4 (2.06)

Uninsured.................................... 100.0 1.9 (0.29) 36.4 (1.03) 34.4 (1.04) 27.3 (0.93)

Age 65 years and over:

Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 2.5 (0.42) 36.4 (1.12) 38.2 (1.11) 22.8 (1.02)

Medicaid and Medicare ........................... 100.0 *2.3 (0.78) 36.4 (3.16) 36.7 (3.04) 24.6 (2.61)

Medicare only ................................. 100.0 2.7 (0.58) 38.7 (1.63) 37.3 (1.48) 21.3 (1.37)

Other ...................................... 100.0 *1.0 (0.49) 29.8 (3.37) 43.8 (3.55) 25.3 (3.00)

Uninsured.................................... 100.0 † *26.1 (8.85) 39.3 (11.06) *28.7 (10.52)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 149

Table XVIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected

characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Body mass index among persons 18 years of age and over1

Healthy

Selected characteristic Total Underweight weight Overweight Obese

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married....................................... 100.0 1.3 (0.13) 33.9 (0.57) 38.0 (0.56) 26.9 (0.51)

Widowed...................................... 100.0 3.2 (0.46) 38.7 (1.19) 34.0 (1.16) 24.1 (1.13)

Divorced or separated ............................. 100.0 1.5 (0.23) 32.5 (1.01) 34.6 (0.89) 31.4 (0.96)

Never married .................................. 100.0 3.5 (0.40) 45.1 (1.01) 29.7 (0.85) 21.8 (0.83)

Living with a partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 *1.2 (0.36) 39.6 (1.59) 31.6 (1.51) 27.7 (1.50)

Place of residence12

Large MSA .................................... 100.0 1.9 (0.17) 38.5 (0.56) 35.2 (0.56) 24.4 (0.55)

Small MSA .................................... 100.0 1.9 (0.25) 36.0 (0.77) 35.1 (0.75) 26.9 (0.71)

Not in MSA .................................... 100.0 1.5 (0.23) 32.6 (0.93) 35.9 (0.86) 30.1 (0.96)

Region

Northeast ..................................... 100.0 2.3 (0.41) 38.9 (1.15) 34.8 (1.02) 24.0 (1.00)

Midwest ...................................... 100.0 1.6 (0.24) 35.4 (0.85) 36.1 (0.88) 26.9 (0.86)

South........................................ 100.0 2.0 (0.19) 34.9 (0.62) 34.7 (0.61) 28.4 (0.67)

West ........................................ 100.0 1.5 (0.23) 39.3 (0.91) 35.7 (0.84) 23.4 (0.75)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ............................ 100.0 *1.0 (0.35) 26.4 (1.39) 44.8 (1.63) 27.7 (1.46)

Hispanic or Latina, female ........................... 100.0 2.0 (0.43) 36.4 (1.24) 33.6 (1.24) 28.0 (1.20)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ........................... 100.0 0.8 (0.15) 29.5 (0.74) 43.0 (0.77) 26.6 (0.65)

White, single race, female.......................... 100.0 2.7 (0.22) 46.0 (0.72) 27.4 (0.64) 23.9 (0.66)

Black or African American, single race, male .............. 100.0 *1.4 (0.46) 27.4 (1.49) 39.4 (1.67) 31.8 (1.66)

Black or African American, single race, female ............. 100.0 1.8 (0.34) 28.2 (1.14) 30.4 (1.22) 39.6 (1.34)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.
 

1Body mass index (BMI) is calculated from the information respondents supplied in response to the questions in the survey regarding height and weight. For both men and women, underweight is
 

indicated by a BMI under 18.5; healthy weight is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 18.5 and less than 25.0; overweight is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 25.0 and less than 30.0;
 

obesity is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 30.0. Analysts should note self-reported height and weight may differ from actual measurements.
 

2Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 31.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 150 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XIX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of having a usual place of health care among persons 18 years of age and

over, and of type of place among those persons 18 years of age and over with a usual place of health care, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007

Type of place1

Total Total Hospital

without with emergency

a usual a usual Doctor’s Clinic or room or Some

place place office health outpatient other

Selected characteristic Total of care of care Total or HMO2 center department place

Percent distribution3 (standard error)

Total4 (crude) ......................... 100.0 15.1 (0.35) 84.9 (0.35) 100.0 79.0 (0.50) 17.8 (0.48) 2.3 (0.14) 0.9 (0.09)

Total4 (age-adjusted)..................... 100.0 15.4 (0.35) 84.6 (0.35) 100.0 78.7 (0.51) 18.1 (0.48) 2.3 (0.14) 0.9 (0.09)

Sex

Male............................... 100.0 19.7 (0.55) 80.3 (0.55) 100.0 78.8 (0.64) 17.3 (0.60) 2.9 (0.21) 1.1 (0.14)

Female ............................. 100.0 10.8 (0.35) 89.2 (0.35) 100.0 79.3 (0.59) 18.3 (0.57) 1.8 (0.15) 0.7 (0.11)

Age

18–44 years .......................... 100.0 21.9 (0.57) 78.1 (0.57) 100.0 76.2 (0.67) 20.0 (0.63) 2.6 (0.22) 1.1 (0.15)

45–64 years .......................... 100.0 10.6 (0.43) 89.4 (0.43) 100.0 80.4 (0.63) 16.8 (0.59) 2.1 (0.19) 0.7 (0.12)

65–74 years .......................... 100.0 4.4 (0.50) 95.6 (0.50) 100.0 82.7 (1.05) 15.1 (1.03) 1.5 (0.25) 0.7 (0.21)

75 years and over ...................... 100.0 2.7 (0.42) 97.3 (0.42) 100.0 83.8 (1.20) 13.8 (1.14) 2.1 (0.39) *0.4 (0.16)

Race

1 race5 ............................. 100.0 15.1 (0.35) 84.9 (0.35) 100.0 79.2 (0.50) 17.7 (0.48) 2.2 (0.14) 0.9 (0.09)

White ............................. 100.0 14.9 (0.38) 85.1 (0.38) 100.0 80.4 (0.52) 17.1 (0.50) 1.6 (0.13) 0.9 (0.10)

Black or African American ................ 100.0 15.3 (0.85) 84.7 (0.85) 100.0 76.0 (1.06) 17.8 (0.96) 5.7 (0.50) 0.6 (0.14)

American Indian or Alaska Native ........... 100.0 25.3 (5.14) 74.7 (5.14) 100.0 27.2 (6.33) 62.0 (8.38) † †

Asian ............................. 100.0 15.1 (1.21) 84.9 (1.21) 100.0 77.0 (1.85) 19.6 (1.78) 2.6 (0.60) *0.7 (0.27)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ...... 100.0 *14.3 (7.04) 85.7 (7.04) 100.0 79.5 (9.87) *19.8 (9.84) † –

2 or more races6 ....................... 100.0 14.7 (2.34) 85.3 (2.34) 100.0 64.6 (3.35) 28.9 (3.17) 5.0 (1.24) †

Black or African American, white ............ 100.0 21.0 (6.07) 79.0 (6.07) 100.0 73.1 (7.45) *16.8 (6.17) *10.1 (4.66) –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ....... 100.0 13.1 (3.61) 86.9 (3.61) 100.0 58.2 (4.78) 35.1 (4.54) *4.3 (1.82) †

Hispanic or Latino origin7 and race

Hispanic or Latino ...................... 100.0 29.0 (1.04) 71.0 (1.04) 100.0 64.7 (1.32) 30.8 (1.30) 3.7 (0.43) 0.8 (0.19)

Mexican or Mexican American ............. 100.0 34.1 (1.38) 65.9 (1.38) 100.0 59.6 (1.70) 36.3 (1.70) 3.2 (0.55) *0.9 (0.29)

Not Hispanic or Latino .................... 100.0 12.9 (0.36) 87.1 (0.36) 100.0 80.8 (0.52) 16.2 (0.50) 2.1 (0.14) 0.9 (0.09)

White, single race ..................... 100.0 12.4 (0.40) 87.6 (0.40) 100.0 82.5 (0.54) 15.2 (0.53) 1.3 (0.13) 0.9 (0.11)

Black or African American, single race ........ 100.0 14.7 (0.84) 85.3 (0.84) 100.0 76.3 (1.06) 17.5 (0.97) 5.6 (0.51) 0.6 (0.14)

Education8

Less than a high school diploma ............. 100.0 19.8 (0.88) 80.2 (0.88) 100.0 67.8 (1.23) 27.3 (1.22) 4.4 (0.48) 0.5 (0.14)

High school diploma or GED9 ............... 100.0 14.3 (0.65) 85.7 (0.65) 100.0 80.0 (0.83) 17.3 (0.81) 2.2 (0.24) 0.5 (0.11)

Some college ......................... 100.0 12.4 (0.57) 87.6 (0.57) 100.0 80.3 (0.73) 16.7 (0.69) 2.1 (0.23) 0.9 (0.16)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ................ 100.0 9.8 (0.50) 90.2 (0.50) 100.0 85.5 (0.66) 12.5 (0.61) 1.1 (0.17) 0.9 (0.17)

Family income10

Less than $35,000 ...................... 100.0 21.4 (0.61) 78.6 (0.61) 100.0 68.4 (0.92) 26.2 (0.89) 4.2 (0.32) 1.1 (0.19)

$35,000 or more ....................... 100.0 12.2 (0.42) 87.8 (0.42) 100.0 82.8 (0.54) 15.0 (0.52) 1.4 (0.14) 0.7 (0.10)

$35,000–$49,999 ..................... 100.0 17.6 (0.91) 82.4 (0.91) 100.0 77.0 (1.07) 19.4 (1.00) 2.5 (0.40) 1.1 (0.23)

$50,000–$74,999 ..................... 100.0 14.2 (0.82) 85.8 (0.82) 100.0 80.6 (0.91) 16.9 (0.90) 1.7 (0.27) 0.8 (0.20)

$75,000–$99,999 ..................... 100.0 9.8 (0.81) 90.2 (0.81) 100.0 83.2 (1.06) 15.0 (0.99) 0.9 (0.25) *0.9 (0.31)

$100,000 or more ..................... 100.0 7.5 (0.62) 92.5 (0.62) 100.0 88.7 (0.75) 10.2 (0.73) 0.7 (0.18) 0.4 (0.10)

Poverty status11

Poor ............................... 100.0 23.6 (1.10) 76.4 (1.10) 100.0 58.5 (1.67) 34.9 (1.64) 5.7 (0.59) 0.9 (0.22)

Near poor ........................... 100.0 23.7 (0.97) 76.3 (0.97) 100.0 69.1 (1.24) 25.0 (1.14) 4.3 (0.51) 1.5 (0.28)

Not poor ............................ 100.0 11.9 (0.40) 88.1 (0.40) 100.0 83.2 (0.50) 14.7 (0.48) 1.4 (0.12) 0.7 (0.10)

Health insurance coverage12

Under age 65 years:

Private ............................ 100.0 9.4 (0.36) 90.6 (0.36) 100.0 85.2 (0.49) 13.2 (0.46) 0.9 (0.10) 0.7 (0.11)

Medicaid ........................... 100.0 9.9 (1.15) 90.1 (1.15) 100.0 59.2 (1.65) 35.5 (1.61) 5.0 (0.73) †

Other ............................. 100.0 7.6 (1.33) 92.4 (1.33) 100.0 59.2 (2.21) 29.7 (2.14) 9.0 (1.24) 2.2 (0.58)

Uninsured .......................... 100.0 49.3 (1.15) 50.7 (1.15) 100.0 53.7 (1.61) 36.0 (1.67) 7.7 (0.78) 2.5 (0.47)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ............................ 100.0 2.6 (0.39) 97.4 (0.39) 100.0 85.7 (1.01) 13.3 (0.99) 0.7 (0.19) *0.3 (0.13)

Medicaid and Medicare.................. 100.0 7.2 (2.05) 92.8 (2.05) 100.0 73.0 (3.06) 21.2 (2.75) 5.8 (1.41) –

Medicare only........................ 100.0 4.3 (0.58) 95.7 (0.58) 100.0 85.6 (1.37) 12.9 (1.33) *1.1 (0.33) *0.5 (0.22)

Other ............................. 100.0 *2.6 (1.14) 97.4 (1.14) 100.0 65.0 (3.35) 22.5 (2.66) 9.6 (2.12) *3.0 (1.23)

Uninsured .......................... 100.0 43.2 (9.73) 56.8 (9.73) 100.0 *27.2 (10.83) 62.3 (12.29) † †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 151

Table XIX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of having a usual place of health care among persons 18 years of age and

over, and of type of place among those persons 18 years of age and over with a usual place of health care, by selected characteristics:

United States, 2007—Con.

Type of place1

Total Total Hospital

without with emergency

a usual a usual Doctor’s Clinic or room or Some

place place office health outpatient other

Selected characteristic Total of care of care Total or HMO2 center department place

Marital status Percent distribution3 (standard error)

Married ............................. 100.0 10.9 (0.38) 89.1 (0.38) 100.0 81.9 (0.55) 15.9 (0.53) 1.5 (0.15) 0.6 (0.10)

Widowed ............................ 100.0 5.6 (0.64) 94.4 (0.64) 100.0 82.0 (1.23) 15.1 (1.20) 2.1 (0.32) *0.7 (0.24)

Divorced or separated .................... 100.0 16.3 (0.79) 83.7 (0.79) 100.0 75.7 (0.98) 19.6 (0.89) 3.8 (0.41) 0.9 (0.22)

Never married ......................... 100.0 24.0 (0.88) 76.0 (0.88) 100.0 72.9 (1.04) 22.1 (0.96) 3.4 (0.36) 1.6 (0.29)

Living with a partner ..................... 100.0 30.1 (1.88) 69.9 (1.88) 100.0 70.7 (1.76) 24.2 (1.67) 3.8 (0.73) *1.3 (0.41)

Place of residence13

Large MSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 15.1 (0.47) 84.9 (0.47) 100.0 81.6 (0.52) 15.0 (0.47) 2.7 (0.18) 0.8 (0.12)

Small MSA........................... 100.0 16.2 (0.67) 83.8 (0.67) 100.0 79.3 (0.99) 17.8 (0.95) 1.8 (0.23) 1.1 (0.17)

Not in MSA .......................... 100.0 12.7 (0.84) 87.3 (0.84) 100.0 71.3 (1.66) 26.0 (1.68) 2.0 (0.39) 0.6 (0.19)

Region

Northeast............................ 100.0 10.3 (0.65) 89.7 (0.65) 100.0 85.9 (0.82) 11.1 (0.73) 2.4 (0.28) 0.6 (0.15)

Midwest............................. 100.0 13.6 (0.75) 86.4 (0.75) 100.0 72.0 (1.12) 25.0 (1.09) 2.2 (0.25) 0.8 (0.15)

South .............................. 100.0 17.3 (0.58) 82.7 (0.58) 100.0 84.3 (0.70) 12.3 (0.61) 2.4 (0.25) 1.0 (0.17)

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 16.6 (0.80) 83.4 (0.80) 100.0 72.8 (1.30) 24.2 (1.32) 2.0 (0.31) 1.0 (0.18)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male .................. 100.0 37.3 (1.60) 62.7 (1.60) 100.0 67.8 (1.86) 27.1 (1.79) 4.4 (0.71) *0.8 (0.24)

Hispanic or Latina, female ................. 100.0 20.1 (1.06) 79.9 (1.06) 100.0 62.1 (1.56) 33.9 (1.54) 3.2 (0.48) *0.8 (0.30)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ................. 100.0 16.3 (0.63) 83.7 (0.63) 100.0 81.6 (0.70) 15.6 (0.66) 1.7 (0.20) 1.2 (0.18)

White, single race, female ................ 100.0 8.9 (0.42) 91.1 (0.42) 100.0 83.3 (0.64) 14.9 (0.62) 1.0 (0.14) 0.7 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race, male..... 100.0 19.0 (1.42) 81.0 (1.42) 100.0 76.7 (1.60) 14.2 (1.38) 8.2 (0.95) *0.9 (0.28)

Black or African American, single race, female . . . 100.0 11.2 (0.94) 88.8 (0.94) 100.0 76.0 (1.27) 20.0 (1.19) 3.8 (0.52) *0.3 (0.13)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked, ‘‘Is there a place that you usually go to when you are sick or need advice about your health,’’ and if there was at least one

such place, then a followup question was asked: ‘‘What kind of place [is it/do you go to most often]—a clinic, a doctor’s office, an emergency room, or some other place?’’ The choices for this second

question are: ‘‘Clinic or health center,’’ ‘‘Doctor’s office or HMO,’’ ‘‘Hospital emergency room,’’ ‘‘Hospital outpatient department,’’ ‘‘Some other place,’’ or ‘‘Doesn’t go to one place most often.’’ For this
 

table, ‘‘Hospital emergency room’’ and ‘‘Hospital outpatient department’’ are combined as well as ‘‘Some other place’’ and ‘‘Doesn’t go to one place most often.’’
 

2HMO is health maintenance organization.
 

3Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

4Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

5In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

6The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

7Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

8Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

9GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

10The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

11Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

12Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

13MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 33.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 152 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of number of office visits to a doctor or other health care professional in the

past 12 months among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Number of office visits in the past 12 months1

Selected characteristic Total None 1 2–3 4–9 10 or more

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (crude) .............................. 100.0 19.8 (0.38) 17.5 (0.33) 26.1 (0.36) 23.1 (0.35) 13.4 (0.31)

Total3 (age-adjusted) ......................... 100.0 20.1 (0.37) 17.5 (0.33) 26.0 (0.36) 23.1 (0.34) 13.4 (0.31)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 26.7 (0.58) 20.0 (0.51) 24.3 (0.54) 18.9 (0.50) 10.1 (0.37)

Female .................................. 100.0 13.3 (0.41) 15.2 (0.40) 27.9 (0.46) 27.1 (0.48) 16.5 (0.43)

Age

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 26.4 (0.60) 20.0 (0.48) 25.5 (0.52) 17.8 (0.47) 10.4 (0.36)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 15.7 (0.48) 17.6 (0.53) 28.0 (0.61) 24.0 (0.58) 14.7 (0.51)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 9.3 (0.78) 11.0 (0.71) 24.4 (1.02) 36.7 (1.16) 18.6 (0.92)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 6.4 (0.66) 8.1 (0.70) 23.9 (1.16) 39.3 (1.22) 22.3 (1.06)

Race

1 race4 .................................. 100.0 19.8 (0.38) 17.5 (0.33) 26.1 (0.37) 23.2 (0.35) 13.4 (0.31)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 19.1 (0.43) 16.9 (0.37) 26.5 (0.41) 23.7 (0.40) 13.8 (0.36)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 21.0 (0.88) 19.4 (0.89) 25.0 (0.95) 22.2 (0.85) 12.4 (0.64)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 29.7 (3.82) 20.9 (3.21) 16.3 (3.32) 20.5 (2.81) 12.6 (2.47)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 27.2 (1.63) 22.5 (1.58) 23.7 (1.39) 17.0 (1.26) 9.6 (1.11)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 *20.8 (9.69) † *23.3 (8.80) *29.3 (11.91) †

2 or more races5 ............................ 100.0 17.6 (2.62) 14.3 (2.56) 29.8 (2.95) 22.1 (3.16) 16.3 (2.45)

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 *14.3 (4.57) † 35.1 (7.76) *14.1 (4.95) 28.0 (7.43)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 15.0 (3.87) 14.9 (3.58) 26.8 (4.18) 27.8 (5.30) 15.5 (3.54)

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 33.6 (1.07) 18.8 (0.83) 21.7 (0.83) 16.9 (0.76) 9.0 (0.54)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 37.6 (1.33) 18.6 (1.00) 20.0 (0.98) 15.7 (0.93) 8.1 (0.63)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 17.7 (0.39) 17.3 (0.36) 26.8 (0.40) 24.1 (0.38) 14.1 (0.35)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 16.5 (0.44) 16.7 (0.40) 27.3 (0.46) 24.9 (0.45) 14.7 (0.41)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 20.7 (0.90) 19.4 (0.90) 25.1 (0.97) 22.3 (0.86) 12.5 (0.66)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 25.5 (0.93) 14.5 (0.74) 21.3 (0.82) 23.4 (0.87) 15.3 (0.77)

High school diploma or GED8 .................... 100.0 20.8 (0.71) 17.1 (0.64) 24.7 (0.69) 23.3 (0.66) 14.1 (0.60)

Some college .............................. 100.0 16.8 (0.62) 16.6 (0.61) 26.7 (0.73) 24.5 (0.70) 15.5 (0.60)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 14.1 (0.59) 19.2 (0.65) 29.9 (0.75) 24.7 (0.73) 12.2 (0.51)

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 23.1 (0.62) 14.9 (0.48) 21.6 (0.54) 24.0 (0.53) 16.4 (0.50)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 18.4 (0.50) 18.8 (0.47) 28.1 (0.50) 23.0 (0.48) 11.8 (0.38)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 24.4 (1.04) 17.4 (0.82) 23.0 (0.84) 22.1 (0.86) 13.1 (0.73)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 19.6 (0.93) 19.2 (0.81) 26.0 (0.95) 22.6 (0.86) 12.6 (0.73)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 17.2 (1.06) 18.6 (1.05) 29.0 (1.20) 23.4 (1.14) 11.8 (0.78)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 13.1 (0.76) 19.6 (0.86) 33.6 (1.06) 23.9 (0.92) 9.8 (0.59)

Poverty status10

Poor.................................... 100.0 25.4 (1.12) 14.4 (0.85) 20.5 (0.89) 21.7 (0.92) 18.0 (0.91)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 25.2 (0.93) 16.4 (0.75) 21.7 (0.93) 22.3 (0.87) 14.4 (0.72)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 17.4 (0.47) 18.5 (0.45) 28.2 (0.48) 23.6 (0.45) 12.3 (0.37)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 16.3 (0.46) 20.1 (0.48) 29.8 (0.50) 22.2 (0.46) 11.6 (0.38)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 15.0 (1.14) 11.8 (1.00) 21.9 (1.26) 24.5 (1.42) 26.8 (1.35)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 11.4 (1.34) 15.0 (1.76) 23.2 (1.78) 28.6 (1.99) 21.7 (1.69)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 46.5 (1.04) 18.8 (0.79) 17.6 (0.76) 10.9 (0.57) 6.3 (0.49)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 6.6 (0.66) 9.9 (0.65) 25.7 (1.02) 37.9 (1.11) 19.8 (0.96)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 6.4 (1.60) 9.4 (1.95) 20.1 (2.45) 34.9 (3.24) 29.2 (2.92)

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 10.7 (1.04) 9.8 (1.02) 22.0 (1.44) 38.5 (1.67) 19.0 (1.32)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 5.9 (1.51) 6.4 (1.62) 25.3 (2.95) 39.6 (3.32) 22.8 (2.88)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 43.5 (10.03) *16.8 (6.74) † *20.5 (8.22) †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 153

Table XX. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of number of office visits to a doctor or other health care professional in the

past 12 months among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Number of office visits in the past 12 months1

Selected characteristic Total None 1 2–3 4–9 10 or more

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 16.5 (0.44) 17.7 (0.45) 28.5 (0.53) 24.2 (0.50) 13.1 (0.41)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 9.0 (0.76) 10.4 (0.79) 24.0 (1.11) 35.5 (1.19) 21.1 (1.11)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 20.2 (0.82) 15.8 (0.87) 23.0 (0.82) 24.0 (0.91) 17.0 (0.76)

Never married.............................. 100.0 28.5 (0.99) 20.1 (0.79) 23.5 (0.79) 18.0 (0.80) 9.9 (0.52)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 29.7 (1.81) 17.5 (1.26) 21.0 (1.34) 17.3 (1.18) 14.6 (1.20)

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 20.9 (0.54) 18.0 (0.48) 26.2 (0.52) 22.1 (0.46) 12.8 (0.43)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 19.2 (0.66) 17.1 (0.54) 26.6 (0.65) 23.7 (0.63) 13.3 (0.54)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 17.8 (0.93) 16.9 (0.88) 24.8 (0.87) 25.0 (0.87) 15.6 (0.77)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 16.5 (0.86) 15.9 (0.89) 27.7 (0.91) 26.2 (0.85) 13.7 (0.76)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 18.5 (0.78) 18.7 (0.69) 27.2 (0.70) 21.9 (0.73) 13.7 (0.75)

South ................................... 100.0 20.8 (0.65) 16.7 (0.53) 25.3 (0.60) 23.8 (0.58) 13.5 (0.46)

West ................................... 100.0 22.1 (0.78) 18.8 (0.67) 25.2 (0.78) 21.0 (0.66) 13.0 (0.66)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 45.0 (1.71) 21.2 (1.34) 18.2 (1.18) 10.7 (0.97) 4.9 (0.56)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 21.6 (1.09) 16.3 (0.98) 25.4 (1.15) 23.5 (1.07) 13.2 (0.87)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 22.3 (0.67) 19.2 (0.63) 26.0 (0.69) 21.1 (0.65) 11.4 (0.49)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 11.1 (0.51) 14.3 (0.49) 28.6 (0.60) 28.4 (0.61) 17.7 (0.55)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 28.6 (1.61) 23.1 (1.53) 22.3 (1.47) 16.1 (1.29) 9.9 (0.89)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 14.2 (1.02) 16.3 (0.96) 27.5 (1.23) 27.4 (1.19) 14.6 (0.90)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or
 

precision.
 

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.
 

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘During the past 12 months, how many times have you seen a doctor or other health care professional about
 

your own health at a doctor’s office, a clinic, or some other place?’’ Respondents are instructed to exclude overnight hospitalizations, visits to hospital emergency rooms, home visits, dental visits, or
 

telephone calls.
 

2Unknowns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 35.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 154 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XXI. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other health care

professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Length of time since last contact1

More than 6 More than More than More than

months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic Total or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (crude) .............................. 100.0 67.0 (0.41) 15.3 (0.31) 7.9 (0.23) 5.0 (0.21) 2.8 (0.14) 2.0 (0.14)

Total3 (age-adjusted) ......................... 100.0 66.7 (0.40) 15.4 (0.31) 8.0 (0.23) 5.0 (0.21) 2.8 (0.14) 2.0 (0.15)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 59.5 (0.59) 16.4 (0.46) 10.0 (0.38) 7.0 (0.33) 4.3 (0.25) 2.8 (0.23)

Female .................................. 100.0 74.0 (0.50) 14.3 (0.40) 6.0 (0.27) 3.1 (0.20) 1.3 (0.13) 1.3 (0.13)

Age

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 58.7 (0.63) 18.1 (0.47) 10.5 (0.38) 6.8 (0.37) 3.4 (0.23) 2.5 (0.21)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 70.5 (0.62) 14.5 (0.50) 6.5 (0.32) 4.1 (0.26) 2.6 (0.21) 1.7 (0.19)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 83.5 (0.98) 8.9 (0.74) 3.0 (0.45) 1.5 (0.27) 1.8 (0.33) 1.2 (0.34)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 86.5 (0.93) 7.6 (0.70) 2.9 (0.42) 1.2 (0.30) 0.8 (0.19) *1.1 (0.38)

Race

1 race4 .................................. 100.0 67.0 (0.41) 15.3 (0.31) 7.9 (0.23) 5.0 (0.21) 2.8 (0.14) 2.0 (0.15)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 68.1 (0.45) 14.8 (0.35) 7.6 (0.26) 4.9 (0.23) 2.8 (0.16) 1.8 (0.15)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 65.0 (1.04) 17.4 (0.86) 8.8 (0.59) 4.3 (0.41) 2.2 (0.30) 2.4 (0.36)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 59.1 (3.94) 8.9 (2.12) 9.1 (2.38) 10.5 (2.40) *6.9 (2.92) *5.6 (1.89)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 54.6 (2.05) 19.9 (1.54) 11.4 (1.19) 7.1 (0.89) 3.3 (0.60) 3.8 (0.76)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 58.7 (12.59) *31.9 (14.50) † † – –

2 or more races5 ............................ 100.0 68.4 (2.90) 15.2 (2.39) 6.5 (1.65) *5.9 (2.12) *2.9 (0.98) †

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 70.6 (7.72) † *7.9 (3.91) *6.0 (2.55) † –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 71.7 (4.28) 14.9 (3.64) *5.7 (2.59) † † †

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 54.0 (1.02) 15.2 (0.73) 11.4 (0.65) 8.8 (0.58) 5.0 (0.46) 5.6 (0.55)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 50.5 (1.28) 14.3 (0.89) 12.1 (0.80) 10.4 (0.81) 6.8 (0.68) 5.9 (0.74)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 69.0 (0.44) 15.3 (0.34) 7.4 (0.24) 4.4 (0.21) 2.4 (0.15) 1.5 (0.13)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 70.7 (0.49) 14.7 (0.39) 6.9 (0.27) 4.2 (0.23) 2.4 (0.17) 1.2 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 65.2 (1.07) 17.5 (0.88) 8.8 (0.60) 4.1 (0.40) 2.0 (0.28) 2.3 (0.36)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 63.9 (1.03) 13.0 (0.70) 8.4 (0.57) 6.3 (0.52) 5.1 (0.48) 3.2 (0.36)

High school diploma or GED8 .................... 100.0 67.3 (0.79) 13.9 (0.55) 7.8 (0.47) 5.6 (0.42) 3.4 (0.30) 2.1 (0.29)

Some college .............................. 100.0 70.3 (0.74) 14.3 (0.55) 7.7 (0.45) 4.3 (0.32) 2.2 (0.23) 1.3 (0.19)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 70.7 (0.70) 16.7 (0.60) 6.0 (0.37) 3.6 (0.39) 1.6 (0.19) 1.5 (0.22)

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 65.4 (0.68) 13.8 (0.47) 7.9 (0.36) 6.4 (0.31) 4.1 (0.27) 2.4 (0.24)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 67.5 (0.54) 16.1 (0.41) 7.9 (0.31) 4.4 (0.29) 2.2 (0.18) 1.9 (0.18)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 63.0 (1.10) 15.7 (0.81) 9.4 (0.65) 5.8 (0.71) 3.7 (0.44) 2.5 (0.34)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 65.8 (1.02) 16.4 (0.77) 8.9 (0.65) 4.6 (0.51) 2.5 (0.35) 1.7 (0.26)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 68.2 (1.22) 15.9 (0.91) 7.5 (0.66) 4.4 (0.53) 1.7 (0.35) 2.3 (0.47)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 72.5 (0.90) 16.4 (0.78) 5.8 (0.52) 2.9 (0.35) 1.1 (0.23) 1.3 (0.26)

Poverty status10

Poor.................................... 100.0 63.5 (1.18) 13.3 (0.75) 8.8 (0.70) 7.0 (0.54) 4.1 (0.48) 3.3 (0.45)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 61.8 (1.06) 15.3 (0.83) 8.6 (0.59) 6.3 (0.49) 5.0 (0.46) 2.9 (0.39)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 68.6 (0.49) 15.9 (0.39) 7.4 (0.29) 4.4 (0.27) 2.1 (0.15) 1.6 (0.17)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 68.0 (0.51) 17.6 (0.43) 7.4 (0.30) 3.9 (0.23) 1.7 (0.14) 1.4 (0.15)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 77.1 (1.27) 10.2 (0.85) 6.2 (0.77) 2.0 (0.37) 1.7 (0.41) 2.8 (0.54)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 78.3 (1.94) 11.1 (1.43) 6.1 (1.13) 2.2 (0.63) *1.0 (0.43) *1.4 (0.51)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 39.9 (0.96) 17.1 (0.75) 15.3 (0.70) 14.1 (0.71) 8.7 (0.56) 4.9 (0.44)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 86.5 (0.85) 8.0 (0.64) 2.7 (0.43) 1.2 (0.27) 1.0 (0.24) *0.6 (0.24)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 89.4 (1.94) 4.4 (1.21) *1.5 (0.58) *2.8 (1.25) † †

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 80.8 (1.35) 10.1 (1.04) 3.6 (0.63) 1.4 (0.31) 1.8 (0.40) 2.3 (0.66)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 87.5 (2.23) 6.9 (1.61) *3.1 (1.26) † † †

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 44.7 (10.01) *11.4 (5.63) † *11.5 (5.13) *16.8 (7.18) †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 155

Table XXI. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a doctor or other health care

professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Length of time since last contact1

More than 6 More than More than More than

months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic Total or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 69.4 (0.51) 15.7 (0.42) 6.8 (0.29) 4.0 (0.22) 2.2 (0.17) 2.0 (0.19)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 82.8 (1.01) 9.7 (0.83) 3.3 (0.46) 2.1 (0.37) 1.5 (0.30) 0.6 (0.15)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 68.6 (0.93) 12.7 (0.65) 7.4 (0.53) 6.2 (0.51) 3.4 (0.36) 1.8 (0.28)

Never married.............................. 100.0 57.7 (1.02) 17.1 (0.72) 11.9 (0.66) 6.8 (0.46) 3.9 (0.36) 2.6 (0.30)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 58.3 (1.81) 16.0 (1.23) 10.4 (0.96) 8.8 (1.68) 4.4 (0.67) 2.0 (0.44)

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 66.3 (0.57) 15.2 (0.43) 8.2 (0.31) 5.1 (0.32) 2.6 (0.17) 2.6 (0.23)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 67.0 (0.70) 16.0 (0.55) 7.9 (0.43) 4.6 (0.31) 2.9 (0.28) 1.6 (0.22)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 69.2 (1.06) 14.2 (0.77) 7.2 (0.53) 5.2 (0.47) 3.1 (0.38) 1.2 (0.27)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 71.0 (0.92) 14.1 (0.72) 6.7 (0.55) 2.9 (0.31) 2.0 (0.27) 3.3 (0.52)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 67.4 (0.88) 16.4 (0.72) 7.1 (0.41) 5.4 (0.56) 2.7 (0.31) 0.9 (0.20)

South ................................... 100.0 66.5 (0.70) 15.2 (0.51) 8.2 (0.38) 5.3 (0.34) 2.9 (0.23) 1.9 (0.21)

West ................................... 100.0 64.3 (0.79) 15.2 (0.54) 9.3 (0.54) 5.5 (0.36) 3.3 (0.30) 2.4 (0.29)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 41.9 (1.52) 16.2 (1.11) 13.4 (1.03) 12.8 (1.03) 8.4 (0.84) 7.3 (0.85)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 66.7 (1.26) 14.1 (0.92) 9.3 (0.77) 4.7 (0.58) 1.5 (0.31) 3.7 (0.54)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 64.4 (0.71) 15.7 (0.56) 9.0 (0.47) 5.7 (0.36) 3.6 (0.29) 1.5 (0.22)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 76.5 (0.62) 13.7 (0.50) 5.0 (0.32) 2.8 (0.24) 1.2 (0.16) 0.9 (0.14)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 55.3 (1.75) 19.5 (1.50) 11.7 (1.11) 6.4 (0.80) 3.2 (0.53) 3.9 (0.70)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 73.2 (1.24) 16.0 (0.96) 6.5 (0.61) 2.2 (0.35) 1.1 (0.27) 1.0 (0.28)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘About how long has it been since you saw or talked to a doctor or other health care professional about your own
 

health?’’ These contacts may include office visits, hospital visits, home visits, and phone calls (but not calls made for arranging appointments).
 

2Unknowns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. Not in MSA consists of persons not living in
 

a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 37.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 156 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XXII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other dental health

professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

Length of time since last contact1

More than More than More than More than

6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic Total or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (crude) .............................. 100.0 44.5 (0.47) 17.4 (0.33) 13.0 (0.28) 11.2 (0.28) 12.3 (0.28) 1.6 (0.12)

Total3 (age-adjusted) ......................... 100.0 44.1 (0.48) 17.5 (0.33) 13.1 (0.29) 11.2 (0.28) 12.4 (0.28) 1.6 (0.13)

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 41.2 (0.65) 17.3 (0.44) 13.5 (0.42) 12.1 (0.41) 13.8 (0.42) 2.1 (0.20)

Female .................................. 100.0 47.6 (0.60) 17.5 (0.44) 12.6 (0.37) 10.3 (0.34) 11.0 (0.34) 1.0 (0.11)

Age

18–44 years ............................... 100.0 40.8 (0.66) 20.0 (0.48) 14.9 (0.44) 12.3 (0.40) 9.6 (0.36) 2.3 (0.20)

45–64 years ............................... 100.0 50.6 (0.76) 14.8 (0.50) 11.7 (0.45) 10.2 (0.44) 11.7 (0.46) 0.9 (0.13)

65–74 years ............................... 100.0 44.7 (1.24) 14.1 (0.89) 10.7 (0.75) 10.4 (0.77) 19.2 (1.01) 0.8 (0.20)

75 years and over ........................... 100.0 41.4 (1.37) 15.0 (0.94) 8.7 (0.72) 9.0 (0.70) 25.6 (1.10) *0.4 (0.13)

Race

1 race4 .................................. 100.0 44.7 (0.48) 17.3 (0.33) 13.0 (0.29) 11.1 (0.28) 12.3 (0.28) 1.6 (0.12)

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.5 (0.52) 16.9 (0.37) 12.3 (0.31) 10.9 (0.32) 12.0 (0.31) 1.4 (0.13)

Black or African American ..................... 100.0 33.5 (1.04) 19.8 (0.79) 16.7 (0.85) 13.5 (0.68) 14.4 (0.73) 2.1 (0.32)

American Indian or Alaska Native ................ 100.0 31.6 (3.31) 13.7 (2.66) 14.7 (2.90) 14.1 (2.60) 20.1 (4.63) *5.8 (2.08)

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.3 (1.82) 19.5 (1.39) 14.6 (1.31) 9.8 (1.14) 9.4 (1.03) 3.4 (0.72)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ........... 100.0 51.5 (12.07) † *28.9 (14.15) † † –

2 or more races5 ............................ 100.0 35.7 (3.27) 18.3 (3.34) 14.3 (2.20) 13.1 (1.87) 18.5 (2.60) †

Black or African American, white ................. 100.0 29.5 (6.84) 29.0 (7.45) *20.1 (8.08) † *15.2 (5.13) –

American Indian or Alaska Native, white ............ 100.0 30.3 (4.84) 18.9 (5.47) 12.4 (2.83) 17.2 (2.99) 21.1 (4.08) –

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ........................... 100.0 30.0 (0.92) 18.8 (0.80) 17.0 (0.78) 14.1 (0.66) 14.3 (0.70) 5.7 (0.53)

Mexican or Mexican American .................. 100.0 25.7 (1.07) 17.3 (0.94) 17.3 (0.99) 16.0 (0.90) 17.0 (0.93) 6.7 (0.73)

Not Hispanic or Latino......................... 100.0 46.8 (0.51) 17.1 (0.36) 12.4 (0.30) 10.7 (0.30) 12.0 (0.30) 0.9 (0.10)

White, single race .......................... 100.0 49.5 (0.58) 16.5 (0.41) 11.5 (0.33) 10.2 (0.35) 11.7 (0.34) 0.6 (0.10)

Black or African American, single race ............. 100.0 33.3 (1.05) 20.0 (0.81) 16.8 (0.86) 13.6 (0.69) 14.6 (0.74) 1.8 (0.28)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma .................. 100.0 24.1 (0.93) 13.6 (0.67) 14.7 (0.72) 16.1 (0.81) 28.3 (0.91) 3.2 (0.36)

High school diploma or GED8 .................... 100.0 38.5 (0.86) 17.0 (0.64) 13.7 (0.62) 13.1 (0.56) 16.3 (0.62) 1.4 (0.20)

Some college .............................. 100.0 46.9 (0.82) 17.8 (0.64) 13.6 (0.59) 10.7 (0.49) 10.3 (0.50) 0.6 (0.13)

Bachelor’s degree or higher ..................... 100.0 61.5 (0.79) 16.6 (0.64) 10.0 (0.48) 6.7 (0.41) 4.5 (0.34) 0.7 (0.17)

Family income9

Less than $35,000 ........................... 100.0 29.9 (0.76) 16.6 (0.52) 14.4 (0.46) 15.4 (0.48) 21.3 (0.57) 2.4 (0.23)

$35,000 or more ............................ 100.0 51.6 (0.62) 17.6 (0.45) 12.5 (0.38) 9.2 (0.39) 8.0 (0.31) 1.1 (0.14)

$35,000–$49,999 .......................... 100.0 38.8 (1.04) 18.0 (0.84) 14.1 (0.75) 13.8 (0.85) 13.3 (0.76) 2.0 (0.31)

$50,000–$74,999 .......................... 100.0 45.1 (1.04) 18.7 (0.78) 15.2 (0.76) 10.4 (0.67) 9.5 (0.66) 1.2 (0.22)

$75,000–$99,999 .......................... 100.0 55.0 (1.39) 17.5 (1.01) 12.5 (0.86) 7.9 (0.79) 6.2 (0.73) *0.9 (0.31)

$100,000 or more .......................... 100.0 66.0 (1.09) 16.5 (0.85) 8.5 (0.63) 5.0 (0.46) 3.4 (0.38) *0.5 (0.17)

Poverty status10

Poor.................................... 100.0 28.3 (1.54) 16.0 (0.79) 14.7 (0.84) 15.9 (0.82) 21.4 (1.04) 3.7 (0.50)

Near poor ................................ 100.0 27.8 (1.01) 17.7 (0.83) 15.0 (0.74) 16.2 (0.80) 20.9 (0.88) 2.4 (0.33)

Not poor ................................. 100.0 52.0 (0.58) 17.3 (0.43) 12.2 (0.35) 9.3 (0.34) 8.3 (0.28) 0.8 (0.11)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private ................................. 100.0 54.0 (0.59) 18.4 (0.45) 12.3 (0.39) 8.3 (0.35) 6.0 (0.27) 0.9 (0.12)

Medicaid................................ 100.0 31.2 (1.37) 18.8 (1.27) 15.4 (1.18) 13.4 (1.00) 18.4 (1.35) 2.8 (0.59)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 39.7 (2.07) 16.7 (1.56) 13.6 (1.41) 13.7 (1.49) 15.9 (1.69) *0.5 (0.22)

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 19.1 (0.77) 15.8 (0.75) 17.4 (0.78) 21.4 (0.80) 21.7 (0.85) 4.5 (0.43)

Age 65 years and over:

Private ................................. 100.0 50.9 (1.27) 14.3 (0.85) 8.8 (0.66) 7.6 (0.67) 18.0 (1.00) *0.3 (0.12)

Medicaid and Medicare ...................... 100.0 21.7 (2.76) 12.9 (2.32) 14.1 (2.39) 13.2 (2.08) 36.7 (3.12) *1.4 (0.51)

Medicare only ............................ 100.0 32.2 (1.54) 15.5 (1.37) 10.8 (0.95) 12.5 (1.05) 28.2 (1.49) *0.8 (0.30)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 42.9 (3.11) 15.2 (2.26) 10.1 (1.99) 12.3 (2.15) 19.1 (2.52) †

Uninsured ............................... 100.0 *21.6 (8.18) † † *24.0 (9.01) 28.9 (8.30) †

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 157

Table XXII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of length of time since last contact with a dentist or other dental health

professional among persons 18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

Length of time since last contact1

More than More than More than More than

6 months, but 1 year, but 2 years, but 5 years

6 months not more than not more than not more than (excluding

Selected characteristic Total or less 1 year ago 2 years ago 5 years ago ‘‘Never’’) Never

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married .................................. 100.0 49.4 (0.62) 16.8 (0.44) 12.0 (0.36) 9.6 (0.35) 10.6 (0.35) 1.5 (0.16)

Widowed ................................. 100.0 34.9 (1.27) 14.9 (0.94) 11.7 (0.86) 11.8 (0.81) 25.9 (1.17) 0.8 (0.19)

Divorced or separated......................... 100.0 39.0 (0.99) 17.6 (0.79) 12.8 (0.67) 13.2 (0.68) 16.3 (0.75) 1.1 (0.22)

Never married.............................. 100.0 40.7 (1.01) 19.4 (0.73) 15.1 (0.73) 12.9 (0.64) 9.8 (0.58) 2.1 (0.26)

Living with a partner .......................... 100.0 33.4 (1.65) 17.6 (1.19) 16.6 (1.33) 15.3 (1.27) 15.4 (1.15) 1.7 (0.39)

Place of residence12

Large MSA ............................... 100.0 46.0 (0.65) 18.0 (0.48) 13.2 (0.38) 10.6 (0.38) 10.2 (0.34) 2.1 (0.20)

Small MSA................................ 100.0 45.1 (0.88) 16.7 (0.57) 12.9 (0.53) 11.0 (0.50) 13.2 (0.55) 1.0 (0.16)

Not in MSA ............................... 100.0 39.2 (1.12) 16.7 (0.72) 12.7 (0.71) 13.3 (0.74) 17.0 (0.80) 1.1 (0.26)

Region

Northeast ................................ 100.0 50.6 (1.25) 17.6 (0.81) 10.7 (0.65) 9.0 (0.65) 10.1 (0.60) 2.0 (0.43)

Midwest ................................. 100.0 46.8 (0.97) 17.1 (0.73) 12.0 (0.54) 10.6 (0.64) 12.8 (0.63) 0.8 (0.15)

South ................................... 100.0 39.8 (0.78) 17.6 (0.55) 14.1 (0.51) 12.6 (0.45) 14.1 (0.48) 1.8 (0.19)

West ................................... 100.0 45.3 (0.88) 17.1 (0.60) 14.1 (0.57) 11.0 (0.55) 10.8 (0.50) 1.8 (0.25)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ....................... 100.0 26.9 (1.31) 18.0 (1.22) 16.6 (1.13) 14.4 (0.97) 16.7 (1.19) 7.3 (0.85)

Hispanic or Latina, female ...................... 100.0 33.3 (1.25) 19.6 (1.04) 17.5 (1.00) 13.9 (0.87) 11.8 (0.85) 4.0 (0.57)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male ...................... 100.0 46.2 (0.79) 16.7 (0.54) 11.8 (0.49) 11.5 (0.51) 12.9 (0.51) 0.9 (0.19)

White, single race, female ..................... 100.0 52.5 (0.74) 16.4 (0.55) 11.2 (0.44) 9.0 (0.44) 10.6 (0.42) 0.3 (0.07)

Black or African American, single race, male ......... 100.0 30.9 (1.61) 18.9 (1.31) 18.9 (1.42) 13.5 (1.17) 15.4 (1.13) 2.4 (0.51)

Black or African American, single race, female ........ 100.0 35.2 (1.32) 21.0 (1.02) 15.0 (1.01) 13.6 (0.83) 13.9 (0.88) 1.3 (0.31)

* Estimates preceded by an asterisk have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standard of reliability or

precision.

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘About how long has it been since you last saw or talked to a dentist?’’ Respondents are instructed to include all
 

types of dentists, such as orthodontists, oral surgeons, and all other dental specialists, as well as dental hygienists.
 

2Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). Percentages may not add to totals due to rounding.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other
 

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or
 

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.
 

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,
 

regardless of race.
 

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.
 

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see
 

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with
 

those from earlier years.
 

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty
 

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the
 

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.
 

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category
 

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with
 

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a
 

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).
 

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living
 

in a metropolitan statistical area.
 

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 39.

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
Page 158 [ Series 10, No. 240

Table XXIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among persons 18 years of

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007

HIV testing status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Selected characteristic Total Ever tested Never tested

Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Total3 (crude)........................................ 100.0 36.6 (0.44) 63.4 (0.44)

Total3 (age-adjusted) ................................... 100.0 36.8 (0.43) 63.2 (0.43)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 34.2 (0.65) 65.8 (0.65)

Female ........................................... 100.0 38.8 (0.55) 61.2 (0.55)

Age

18–44 years ........................................ 100.0 47.0 (0.63) 53.0 (0.63)

45–64 years ........................................ 100.0 32.9 (0.69) 67.1 (0.69)

65–74 years ........................................ 100.0 15.1 (0.91) 84.9 (0.91)

75 years and over..................................... 100.0 7.8 (0.73) 92.2 (0.73)

Race

1 race4

............................................ 100.0 36.5 (0.45) 63.5 (0.45)

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 34.0 (0.49) 66.0 (0.49)

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 54.0 (1.20) 46.0 (1.20)

American Indian or Alaska Native .......................... 100.0 42.2 (4.37) 57.8 (4.37)

Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.4 (1.68) 67.6 (1.68)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ..................... 100.0 45.9 (11.79) 54.1 (11.79)

2 or more races5 ..................................... 100.0 47.2 (3.67) 52.8 (3.67)

Black or African American, white .......................... 100.0 44.4 (8.78) 55.6 (8.78)

American Indian or Alaska Native, white...................... 100.0 52.1 (5.67) 47.9 (5.67)

Hispanic or Latino origin6 and race

Hispanic or Latino ..................................... 100.0 41.5 (1.04) 58.5 (1.04)

Mexican or Mexican American ............................ 100.0 36.6 (1.19) 63.4 (1.19)

Not Hispanic or Latino .................................. 100.0 35.8 (0.49) 64.2 (0.49)

White, single race ................................... 100.0 32.9 (0.54) 67.1 (0.54)

Black or African American, single race ....................... 100.0 54.0 (1.20) 46.0 (1.20)

Education7

Less than a high school diploma ............................ 100.0 31.2 (0.98) 68.8 (0.98)

High school diploma or GED8

.............................. 100.0 31.3 (0.81) 68.7 (0.81)

Some college........................................ 100.0 43.3 (0.82) 56.7 (0.82)

Bachelor’s degree or higher............................... 100.0 40.8 (0.85) 59.2 (0.85)

Family income9

Less than $35,000 .................................... 100.0 37.3 (0.73) 62.7 (0.73)

$35,000 or more...................................... 100.0 37.6 (0.57) 62.4 (0.57)

$35,000–$49,999 .................................... 100.0 37.6 (1.10) 62.4 (1.10)

$50,000–$74,999 .................................... 100.0 36.5 (1.00) 63.5 (1.00)

$75,000–$99,999 .................................... 100.0 36.8 (1.22) 63.2 (1.22)

$100,000 or more.................................... 100.0 39.2 (1.13) 60.8 (1.13)

Poverty status10

Poor ............................................. 100.0 43.8 (1.42) 56.2 (1.42)

Near poor .......................................... 100.0 39.7 (1.09) 60.3 (1.09)

Not poor........................................... 100.0 36.3 (0.55) 63.7 (0.55)

Health insurance coverage11

Under age 65 years:

Private .......................................... 100.0 38.9 (0.57) 61.1 (0.57)

Medicaid ......................................... 100.0 55.6 (1.62) 44.4 (1.62)

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 51.2 (2.35) 48.8 (2.35)

Uninsured ........................................ 100.0 42.2 (1.02) 57.8 (1.02)

Age 65 years and over:

Private .......................................... 100.0 10.3 (0.75) 89.7 (0.75)

Medicaid and Medicare ................................ 100.0 16.4 (2.30) 83.6 (2.30)

Medicare only ...................................... 100.0 11.6 (1.25) 88.4 (1.25)

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 19.8 (2.76) 80.2 (2.76)

Uninsured ........................................ 100.0 † 92.3 (4.19)

See footnotes at end of table.
Series 10, No. 240 [ Page 159

Table XXIII. Crude percent distributions (with standard errors) of human immunodeficiency virus testing status among persons 18 years of

age and over, by selected characteristics: United States, 2007—Con.

HIV testing status among persons 18 years of age and over1

Selected characteristic Total Ever tested Never tested

Marital status Percent distribution2 (standard error)

Married ........................................... 100.0 34.9 (0.58) 65.1 (0.58)

Widowed .......................................... 100.0 14.4 (0.94) 85.6 (0.94)

Divorced or separated .................................. 100.0 47.1 (1.00) 52.9 (1.00)

Never married ....................................... 100.0 36.6 (1.04) 63.4 (1.04)

Living with a partner ................................... 100.0 55.2 (1.57) 44.8 (1.57)

Place of residence12

Large MSA ......................................... 100.0 40.5 (0.63) 59.5 (0.63)

Small MSA ......................................... 100.0 34.4 (0.81) 65.6 (0.81)

Not in MSA ......................................... 100.0 29.4 (0.92) 70.6 (0.92)

Region

Northeast .......................................... 100.0 36.3 (1.15) 63.7 (1.15)

Midwest ........................................... 100.0 31.5 (0.88) 68.5 (0.88)

South ............................................ 100.0 40.1 (0.80) 59.9 (0.80)

West ............................................. 100.0 36.6 (0.80) 63.4 (0.80)

Sex and ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino, male ................................. 100.0 34.7 (1.55) 65.3 (1.55)

Hispanic or Latina, female ................................ 100.0 48.8 (1.33) 51.2 (1.33)

Not Hispanic or Latino:

White, single race, male................................ 100.0 31.7 (0.78) 68.3 (0.78)

White, single race, female .............................. 100.0 33.9 (0.68) 66.1 (0.68)

Black or African American, single race, male ................... 100.0 52.1 (1.84) 47.9 (1.84)

Black or African American, single race, female .................. 100.0 55.5 (1.38) 44.5 (1.38)

† Estimates with a relative standard error of greater than 50% are replaced with a dagger and are not shown.

1The data in this table are based on a question in the survey that asked respondents, ‘‘Have you ever been tested for HIV?’’ Analysts should note that this question is different from the 1999 version,
 

‘‘Have you ever had your blood tested for the AIDS virus infection?’’ HIV is human immunodeficiency virus. Any HIV test as part of a blood donation is not included.
 

2Unknowns for the columns were not included in the denominators when calculating percentages (see Appendix I). The numbers in this table are rounded.
 

3Total includes other races not shown separately and persons with unknown education, family income, poverty status, health insurance, and marital status characteristics.
 

4In accordance with the 1997 standards for federal data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin (see Appendix II), the category ‘‘1 race’’ refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Persons
 

who indicated a single race other than the groups shown are included in the total for ‘‘1 race,’’ but not shown separately due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘1 race’’
 

will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific groups shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. The tables in this report use
 

the complete new Office of Management and Budget race and Hispanic origin terms, and the text uses shorter versions of these terms for conciseness. For example, the category ‘‘1 race, Black or
 

African American’’ in the tables is referred to as ‘‘black persons’’ in the text.
 

5The category ‘‘2 or more races’’ refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. Only two combinations of multiple race groups are shown due to small sample sizes for other

combinations. Therefore, the frequencies for the category ‘‘2 or more races’’ will be greater than the sum of the frequencies for the specific combinations shown separately. Persons of Hispanic or

Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races.

6Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin,

regardless of race.

7Education is shown only for persons aged 25 years and over.

8GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

9The categories ‘‘Less than $35,000’’ and ‘‘$35,000 or more’’ include both persons reporting dollar amounts and persons reporting only that their incomes were within one of these two categories (see

Appendix I). The indented categories include only those persons who reported dollar amounts. Because of the different income questions used in 2007, income estimates may not be comparable with

those from earlier years.

10Poverty status is based on family income and family size using the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty thresholds for the previous calendar year. ‘‘Poor’’ persons are defined as below the poverty

threshold. ‘‘Near poor’’ persons have incomes of 100% to less than 200% of the poverty threshold. ‘‘Not poor’’ persons have incomes that are 200% of the poverty threshold or greater. Because of the

different income questions used in 2007, poverty ratio estimates may not be comparable with those from earlier years.

11Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate

category in the hierarchy. Persons under age 65 years and those age 65 years and over were classified separately due to the prominence of Medicare coverage in the older population. The category

‘‘Private’’ includes persons who had any type of private coverage either alone or in combination with other coverage. For example, for persons age 65 years and over, ‘‘Private’’ includes persons with

only private or private in combination with Medicare. The category ‘‘Uninsured’’ includes persons who had no coverage as well as those who had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a

private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care (see Appendix II).

12MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Large MSAs have a population size of 1,000,000 or more; small MSAs have a population size of less than 1,000,000. ‘‘Not in MSA’’ consists of persons not living

in a metropolitan statistical area.

NOTE: For age-adjusted percentages, refer to Table 41.
 

DATA SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.
 
Vital and Health Statistics

series descriptions

SERIES 1.	 Programs and Collection Procedures—These reports

describe the data collection programs of the National Center

for Health Statistics. They include descriptions of the methods

used to collect and process the data, definitions, and other

material necessary for understanding the data.

SERIES 2.	 Data Evaluation and Methods Research—These reports

are studies of new statistical methods and include analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected

data, and contributions to statistical theory. These studies

also include experimental tests of new survey methods and

comparisons of U.S. methodology with those of other

countries.

SERIES 3.	 Analytical and Epidemiological Studies—These reports

present analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and

health statistics. These reports carry the analyses further than

the expository types of reports in the other series.

SERIES 4.	 Documents and Committee Reports—These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and health

statistics and documents such as recommended model vital

registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.

SERIES 5.	 International Vital and Health Statistics Reports—These

reports are analytical or descriptive reports that compare U.S.

vital and health statistics with those of other countries or

present other international data of relevance to the health

statistics system of the United States.

SERIES 6.	 Cognition and Survey Measurement—These reports are

from the National Laboratory for Collaborative Research in

Cognition and Survey Measurement. They use methods of

cognitive science to design, evaluate, and test survey

instruments.

SERIES 10.	 Data From the National Health Interview Survey—These

reports contain statistics on illness; unintentional injuries;

disability; use of hospital, medical, and other health services;

and a wide range of special current health topics covering

many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and health

care utilization. They are based on data collected in a

continuing national household interview survey.

SERIES 11.	 Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—

Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement on

representative samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population provide the basis for (1) medically defined total

prevalence of specific diseases or conditions in the United

States and the distributions of the population with respect to

physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics, and

(2) analyses of trends and relationships among various

measurements and between survey periods.

SERIES 12.	 Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are

included in Series 13.

SERIES 13.	 Data From the National Health Care Surveys—These

reports contain statistics on health resources and the public’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care services based on data collected directly

from health care providers and provider records.

SERIES 14.	 Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities—

Discontinued in 1990. Reports on the numbers, geographic

distribution, and characteristics of health resources are now

included in Series 13.

SERIES 15.	 Data From Special Surveys—These reports contain

statistics on health and health-related topics collected in

special surveys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Center for Health Statistics.

SERIES 16.	 Compilations of Advance Data From Vital and Health

Statistics—Advance Data Reports provide early release of

information from the National Center for Health Statistics’

health and demographic surveys. They are compiled in the

order in which they are published. Some of these releases

may be followed by detailed reports in Series 10–13.

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mortality that are not included in regular, annual, or monthly

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, other

demographic variables, and geographic and trend analyses

are included.

SERIES 21.	 Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce—These reports

contain statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce that are

not included in regular, annual, or monthly reports. Special

analyses by health and demographic variables and

geographic and trend analyses are included.

SERIES 22.	 Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these sample surveys,

based on vital records, are now published in Series 20 or 21.

SERIES 23.	 Data From the National Survey of Family Growth—These

reports contain statistics on factors that affect birth rates,

including contraception, infertility, cohabitation, marriage,

divorce, and remarriage; adoption; use of medical care for

family planning and infertility; and related maternal and infant

health topics. These statistics are based on national surveys

of women and men of childbearing age.

SERIES 24.	 Compilations of Data on Natality, Mortality, Marriage, and

Divorce—These include advance reports of births, deaths,

marriages, and divorces based on final data from the National

Vital Statistics System that were published as National Vital

Statistics Reports (NVSR), formerly Monthly Vital Statistics

Report. These reports provide highlights and summaries of

detailed data subsequently published in Vital Statistics of the

United States. Other special reports published here provide

selected findings based on final data from the National Vital

Statistics System and may be followed by detailed reports in

Series 20 or 21.

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DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2009-1568, Series 10, No. 240