wrth

Table S.—-Nuaber of tospections, fiscal year
State
Complaiats Pralicensing Compliance tovestigated
UsS. Total 694 Loan 13,234 692 630
Alabama 3 o 89 in 0
Alaaka ° 0 ° 0 °
Artiona 2 4 uo ° 1
Arkansa 0 0 170 ° °
California 62 10 1,432 o ar
Colorado’ rt] 2 190 0 16
Connecticut 3 2 %6 0 0
Delaware 2 ° 28 ° 0
Plorida 22 63 600 59 2
Georgia 2 16 184 7 uv
Hawai L 3 n ° 2
Idaho 0 a 40 3 °
I1lipots a9 2 325 sry 36
Indiana rt) 16 2 2 sy
Tows 36 110 678 ie) 4
Kansas % 163 912 4 29
Keotucky 3 5 bo vo C)
Louisiana 2 5 12 a 1
Maine 4 3 92 ° o
Maryland 36 3 194 2 1s
Massachusetts 3 a ns ° 1s
Michigan 10 ub 306 7 9
Minnesota 3 33 226 3 3.
Miaatestpps 2 7 ah ° 1B
Missouri % ne 1,103 1 32
Montane ° 3 30 1 0
Nebraska: 5 a 351 0 2
Haveda 8 5 90 9 3
Mew Haspebire 3 4 38 0 °
New Jersey 27 2 3s o 26
Wew Mexico 3 6 4s is 2
Yew York 10 10 738 v7 7
Worth Caroling = 24 cry 140 2 16
Morth Dakota 3 1 61 21 2
onto a2 20 425 ° 23
Oklahoma 30° 78 $35 20 19
Oregon 27 aa 270 v7 5
Pennsylvsois 23 108 733 ng 2
Abode Ieland ° 8 30 ° 0
South Carolina 0 3 43 7 °
South Dakota 9 2 1s7 ° 1
Tennessee ry 7 123 w 6
Texas iw 70 589 ty) 2
Uta 2 a “6 3 6
Veraoot 0 1 8 ° 0
Virginia 3 u ° L
. ton a 9 188 10 7
West Virginia ‘6 ° 42 ryt 2
Wiscousia 18 38 369 1 a
Wyoming 3 Qo 29 4 °
Puarto Rico 1 10 104 0 3
District of
Columbia ° ° ° ° °
‘Virgin Tslands C) ° 0 0 0



Additionally, the staff provided
four regional training courses to
familiarize APHIS veterinarians with
the 1985 amendment to the Act.

Licensing and Registration

Facilities subject to the AWA must be
licensed or registered. In FY 1987,
6,872 facilities were licensed or
registered by the USDA. A listing by
State and type of facility appears in
table 1 of the appendix.

Separate listings of the licensees
and registrants are furnished with
this report. This list is broken
down by “A” dealers, who sell only
animals they raise themselves, and
“B" dealers, who sell animals they
raise, as well as animals they buy
from other sources.

Dealers, operators of auctions

selling dogs and cats, and most
exhibitors must be licensed and pay

an annual fee. Licenses remain valid
until terminated voluntarily by the
licensee, revoked or suspended by the
USDA following notice and an oppor~
tunity: for a hearing, or terminated
automatically if the annual fee is

not paid.” - pote

The fee is determined by two
graduated schedules, one for dealers
and another for exhibitors. Dealers
(including operators of auction
sales) pay between $5 and $500;
exhibitors between $5 and $100.
Collections are deposited in the U.S.
Treasury as “miscellaneous receipts.”
During FY 1987, APHIS collected
$181,615 in fees from 5,164 license
holders.

The Act and regulations require that
research facilities, carriers, and
intermediate handlers register with
the USDA, but they do not have to pay
a fee. Certain exhibitors can
register, rather than become
licensed. Registrations continue in
effect until facilities are disbanded

or merged with those of another
registrant. In FY 1987, there
were 1,708 registrants.

l. Licensed Dealers

Persons involved in the wholesale
pet trade as dealers or breeders

must be licensed. Also, suppliers
of laboratory animals, sellers. of

-wild animals, and animal brokers

must be licensed. During FY 1987,
3,811 dealers were licensed; 638
of these were new licensees.

2. Carriers and Intermediate
Handlers

Although registered carriers may
include railroads, motor carriers,
and shipping lines, most are
airlines. Intermediate handlers
receive custody of animals in
connection with their
transportation in commerce, which
includes the handling of animals

in transit between the consignor ~~~

and carrier and the carrier and
consignee. Some intermediate
handlers also operate boarding
kennels. During FY 1987, 140
carriers and 250 inter-

mediate handlers registered with
the USDA.

3. Animal Exhibitors

Licensed exhibitors operate animal
acts, carnivals, circuses, public
zoos, roadside zoos, and marine
mammal exhibits. Most of the
animals exhibited are wild or
exotic species, such as lions,
tigers, bears, and elephants.
More docile species, such as sheep
and goats, are generally exhibited
in children's zoos and petting
Z008-

During FY 1987, 1,353 exhibitors
were licensed, and 58 exhibitors
were registered. Also, 149
voluntarily terminated their
licenses, and 1 exhibitor


APPENDIX

e l.—Wumber of active Licensees and registrants, fiscal year 1967

Taterwediace ‘Aninal_exbTbice “Wegtatered
Stace handlers/ research
carriers Licensed Registered facilities

U.S. Total 390 1,353 38 1,260

Alabama 1 9 6 ° 3

Alaska 2 ° ? Q 2

Artzoga a 2 u 0 to

Arkansas 2 139 wv o- 7

Californie 3 98 187 rf 1st

Colorado ao: ar 2 3 23

u 5 16 o 20

0 1 1 ° ?

uv a 183 2 40

1s ery 19 ‘4 uv

n 2 vy 0 ‘

3 1 7 0 4

s 10 1s 48 ‘ 7
3 3 36 ° 23

0 469 4s 3 it)

1 367 18 3 2

‘ 10 3 2 3

1 16 rt) ° 3

4 u 7 1 1“

3 u oe 0 25

a 5 30 2 16

3 32 6 “ as

4 a7 2 2 2s

1 10 8 ° 3

rt) 703 a7 Q 30

° 8 4 ° 3

1 203 ul ) 2

2 3 27 0 1

1 6 10 ° ‘

B 20 2 0 a

Mew Mexico 9 3 6 ° 2

: Mew York 27 39 4a 0 6
a North Carolina 9 39 22 6 20
. Morth Dakota 1 22 3 1 3
onto ‘ 68 “6 s 62

" Oklshoma 2 216 ’ 1 4s

. Oregon 7 ul 9 ° 16
Pennsylvania 7 103 35 0 9%

Rhode Ieland 0 2 3 0 10

South Caroling 9 3 16 ° 6

South Dekota 0 65 7 0 3

Tennessee 3 n 2 ° 4s

Texas 29 192 105 2 6

Utab 8 3 10 ° 10

. Vermont 1 7 2 o ry

vettabing,

. * Virginia u 2 18 0 19

. Washington oy 6 2 ° a
. West Virginia 1 3 7 0 6
Wisconsin 6 oy 6 1 22

Wyouiag oO 3 2 sy 4

District of

Columbia 2 ° ° ° 8

Puarte Rico 3 18 2 0 10

Virgis Islands 8 0 a) ° °


Inspections and Investigations

APHIS inspects and investigates
facilities to ensure that the AWA and
the regulations, and standards are
followed. APHIS conducted 16,310
inspections in FY 1987.

1. Prelicensing Inspections .

Before a license is issued, APHIS
inspects the facility for compliance
with the regulations and standards.
In 1987, APHIS conducted 1,271
prelicensing inspections.

2. Compliance Inspections

Inspections of all licensed and
registered facilities are made to
determine compliance with the
regulations and standards. APHIS
officials reinspect facilities within
30 days after the deadline established
for correction of deficiencies. When
they find facilities are in compliance
on reinspection, no further action is
usually taken. If deficiencies
persist, APHIS documents them for

- possible legal action. . APHIS.
conducted 13,234 compliance
inspections including 2,082
reinspections. APHIS personnel
inspected 6,732 licensed or registered
facilities (8,244 sites) at an average
of 1.6 times per site in FY 1987.
These figures do not reflect
prelicensing inspections and
inspections of airlines.

3. Inspections of Animals in
Transit

APHIS inspectors monitor airlines for
compliance with the humane care and
handling requirements set forth in the
animal welfare regulations. Most
inspections take place at large
airport facilities. Facilities must
maintain their equipment in good
repair. Carriers must have properly
trained personnel who will ensure
adequate humane care and handling of
animals in transit. Shipments must
meet Federal shipping requirements,

and air carriers are obligated to
refuse shipments that do not
satisfy Federal standards.

Inspectors monitor the size of
primary enclosures for individual
animals. They also inspect for

-compliance with ventilation,

temperature, feeding, watering,
transit time, and health
certification requirements.
During the year, APHIS inspectors
made 1,966 airline inspections.

With the cooperation of APHIS, the
Air Transport Association (ATA) of
America developed an informational
brochure designed to fulfill the
needs of shippers and airlines.
The ATA is making copies of the

-brochure available to the general

public. Copies may be obtained by
contacting the Air Transport
Association of America, 1709 New
York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC
20006-5206.

4. Complaints and Investigations

APHIS gives prompt consideration
and appropriate action to
complaints about licensed and
registered facilities. During FY
1987, APHIS inspectors
investigated 694 complaints; APHIS
compliance officers investigated
630 alleged violations (appendix,
table 5). These investigations
resulted in the submission of 351
apparent violations to the
Compliance and Enforcement Staff
for possible legal action. After
thorough review, 145 apparent
violation cases were forwarded to
the Office of the General Counsel
for possible administrative
prosecution. Forty-four cases
were settled through
administrative procedures
resulting in license suspension or
revocation, cease~and-desist
orders, civil penalties, or a
combination of these. The
Department resolved an additional
180 less serious violations by


voluntarily terminated its
registration. Licensed exhibitors
are those who either obtain or
dispose of their animals in commerce
or exhibit them for compensation.
Registered exhibitors do not buy and
sell animals, and they do not accept
compensation.

4. Research Facilities

Registered research facilities
include hospitals, colleges,
universities, pharmaceutical firms,
diagnostic laboratories, privately
owned medical facilities, State-owned
clinics, and cosmetic testing firms.
Exempt from registration as research
facilities are elementary and
secondary schools, Federal agencies,
and facilities using exempt species
of animals.

There were 1,260 active research ————~—————~

facilities at the close of FY 1987,
including 70 new registrations.
Fifty-four registrations were
terminated in FY 1987. In addition,
140°tnstitutions reported that they
had not used regulated animals for 2
years in succession. If such
facilities anticipate the use of
regulated animals in the future, they
may ask to be placed in an “inactive”
status in lieu of terminating their
registration.

All non-Federal and Federal :
factifties gust be in compliance with
regulations under the AWA. All
non-Federal facilities are monitored
for compliance by APHIS

veterinarians. Federal facilities are
monitored by the head of the Federal
agency in which they reside.

APHIS requires that research
facilities have an attending or a
consulting veterinarian who can
provide adequate veterinary care of
all regulated laboratory animals.
During facility inspections, APHIS
veterinarians determine if adequate
provisions have been made to ensure

that regulated species are
receiving appropriate care and
treatment.

5. Reports From Research
Facilities

Active and inactive research

facilities and Federal research
facilities are required to submit
an annual report by December 1
each year.

APHIS officials use the report to
help ensure that each research
facility is conducting testing and
experimental procedures consistent
with professionally accepted
standards required under the AWA.

The report must confirm that the

animal care committee or attending ~ ~~
veterinarian has approved the

types-and amounts-of-anesthe tics ——--—
analgesics, or tranquilizing drugs

used. If pain relief was

not provided, the report must

verify that the use of the drugs

would have interfered with the

v-.+---research tests or experiments.

During FY 1987, APHIS received
annual reports from 1,420
institutions, including 1,260
registered facilities, and 160
Federal research facilities
(appendix, table 2). Facilities
that indicated that they did not
use animals during the reporting
period are not included in table
2. O£ the 1,969,123 animals used
in research under the jurisdiction
of the AWA, 58.2 percent were not
subjected to pain or distress.
Another 35.2 percent of the
animals received pain relief
through pharmaceutical agents
(appendix, table 3). The
remaining 6.6 percent of the
animals did not receive pain
relief because these agents would
have interfered with testing and
experimental results (appendix,
table 4).


2. Freedom of Information Act
“Requests

In FY 1987, APHIS received 384
requests resulting in the release of
28,207 documents, 43 booklets, and 5
computer printouts. This was a
26-percent increase from the 303
requests received in FY 1986 and a
13-percent increase from the 24,797
documents provided in FY 1986.

Legislative Recommendations

The Department has no suggestions for
amending the Act.at this time.

orate,


United States
. Department of

Agriculture
Animal and
pact Health
Inspection
Service
Veterinary
Services

Animal Welfare
Enforcement
Fiscal Year 1987

Report of the Secretary of Agriculture
to the President of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives



otihaing,

Table osAntaale to welch pala Telleving druge vere adaiaietered to avoid pala or distress, fiscal year 387

Number of Number of aniaale
Stace reporting Guinea wiIe
facilities Total _Dogs _Cace__Primates pigs Hamsters Rabbits animale
U.S. Total 837 692,247 121,021 34,649 22,127 131,901 118,602 201,003 62,944
Alabans 10 3,613 2,372 ot) 32 u3 922 1,278 286
Alaska 2 8 0 9 2 ° 2 78
Arizona 8 352 369 n 70 Cy) 2,422 6
Arkansas 2 qn 6 ° 226 180 4s? °
California 13 6,598 1,969 1,775 6,839 21,256 35,196 3,113
Colorado 10 1,426 903° un a ° 1,060 $20
Connecticut 9 1,545 78 M0 429 154 2,700 “9
Delavare 5 7m 8 ML 3,721 12,028 SH 1,037
Florida iw 1,801 aa 46 357 932 3,725 S31
Georgie 9 1,566 592 aun 452 6,008 6,049 959
avait 3 298 ° ° 20 30 230 98 °
Idaho 2 736 62 C) 0 o ° 9 635
Tiltoots ” 33,513 5,899 962 899 7,712 4,001 6,409 7,651
Indians rey 14,246 5,458 cry 95 4,006 1,425 920 “1,496
Towa 9 11,278 3,027 1,672 16S 1,346 2,258 2,662 M45 :
Kansas 10 3,173 640 1st nu 231,219 637 272
Kentucky 4 2,950 495 422 6 616 332 833 266
Louisiana 6 7,231 1,407 1,403 672 27 415 2,378 683
Maine 4 186 ° 0 ° ° 0 33 133
Maryland 12 22,625 2,859 974 672 3,692 3,448 8,285 2,695
Massachusetts 39 20,765 2,452 373 836 2,391 5,876 7,320 1,299
22 25,335 3,903 1,585 303 6,363 3,081 5,399 2,499
u 13,735 4,681 1,080 mn 3,000 1,146 2,521 1,236
2 1,893 197 18 18 218: 126
18 11,801 2,239 604 166 2,447 1,096 3,819 1,430
° 20 O.. 0 ° .
3 aag 7% »” 6 10 1,035 319
1 4 0 Qo ° o 8
Mew Hampshire 3 103 369 J oO 6 526 102. .
New Jersey 42 7,276 502 1,575 17,206 7,994 7,758 1,747
New Mexico 3 578 73 62 “ “a 221 278
New York 60 5,476 1,901 1,069 21,588 7,486 11,997 5,127
Worth Carolina 12 5,199 7 355 1,613 626 5,591 1,285
Worth Dekots 2 127 a7 ° ° 0 116
Ohio 45 7,636 15453 120° 5,219 1,730 8,722 3,735
9 1,045 sus 129 52 9 1,197 1,018
9 505 299 32 1,209 193 1,581
“a 4,868 2,180 351 6,417 1,239 5,650 2,180
7 331 432 Fry 32 40 202 16
South Carolina = 4 74 303 2 ° 0 sal a7
South Dakocs 2 2 4 ° 10 62 0
Tennessee 8 1,805 396 us rr) 3,639 0
Texas 6 7,683 1,019 2,404 3,642 12,897 2,646
Utah 5 604 225 3 181 954 450
Vermont 1 u3 2s 0 153 1,186 123
Vigginia 10 1,952 601 591,820 1,880 3,700 1,860
Wasbingtoa sey 1,551 339 695 32600 -3,219 1,410 129
West Virginia = 4 140 aa 4 273 40 104 18
Wiseonsia 16 1,896 689 338 937 102 2,816 562
Wyoning 2 30 5 ° o 3 6 65
Puerto Rico 3 2 6 1,137 ° ° 1 °
District of
Columbia 4 sis 275 ° C) 2 335 482
Virgin Islands = 0 ° ° ° ° ° 0 °
Federal
Agencies 161 124,558 18,447 6,680 6,652 25,599 21,254 32,921 13,005


Table T=-Aniuale weed Ta experimatation, tiscal year [987
Nuaber of aninals

Muaber of

State Teporting Gaines WIT
facilities Total Doge _Cats_Prinates__pige Hameters _Rabbite sniaale
UeS. Total 1,183 1,969,123 180,169 $0,145 61,392 538,998 416,002 334,385 168,032
Alabama 2 27,223 (2,880 602 365 226 :18,773- 2,213 2,166
Alaska 2 356 8 ° ° 10 9 wv 321
Arizona 9 5,368 756 416 ug 133 3,185 36h
Arkansas 3 1,334 as 100 10 326 461 8
California = 117 196,706 7,960 3,470 3,567, 40,185 93,799 8,483
Colorado 6 38,019 3,178 1,423 140 3,899 8,854
Connecticut 1s 2,013 270 2320 2,543 86
Delaware 5 1,382 oy 172 25,917 2,344
Florida 3 2,100 483 1,360 2,822 665
Georgia u 2,309 ng 2,532 803 3,334
Havait 3 16 3 136 wa 610
Idabo 3 cn 0 0 Cy 662
Illinois 48 9,489 1,879 1,739 28,551 10,541
Indians ty 8,045 gL 374 20,133 4,253
Towa uw 3,803 2,519 17s 2,634 907
Kansas ws 1,218 270 ty 9,818
Kentucky 5 700 530 2 707
Louteiane aL 1,486 1,568 4,698 1,383
wz 2 0 0 13
20 3,130 990 971 5,085
62 2,329 627° «1,173 8,436
33 9,785 1,878 2,764 26,350
wv 35,449 1,246 142 6,679
3 202 148 4 285
27 5,424 2,060 n7 7,493
3 o 20 a 336 496
6 1,509 377 3 1,751 17,981 3,494
1 154 0 ° aL 7 123 Q
3 1,913 103 369 ° t) 209 565 667
New Jersey 37 13,968 1,147 3,525 69,934 27,708 38,729 6,568
Naw Mexico 9 1,430 7 246 336 955 457 3,606
New York 78 85763 2,827 3,079 «46,704 17,200 27,873 12,679
North Carolina 19 Th121 2,016 3,416 8,700, 24264 10,266 3,192
Worth Dakota = 2 137 a7 0 87 0 326 475
33 9,672 1,768 680 29,669 4,958 21,435 6,862
1,311 Ta? 3s 335 «1,042 1,605 2,388
838 409 946 = 1,629 422 2,724 309
15,830 3,125 1,180 43,286 4,246 29,936 5,240
331 bord 16 32 40 486 297
803 407 9 10n 184 1,083 416
102 16 0 10 co rf) °
3,278 393 37 5,356 7,879 9,920 368
Blaze AL7L 5,174 54728 14,443 17,190 4,579
671 228 3 723«1,077
u3 n ° 133 133
4,433 863 -1,418 7,412 2,357
2,066 S40 2,326 «= 8,704, S07
168 30 a 994 402
3,438 2,069 2,268 17,325 3,458
30 ? ° 125 490
Puerto Rico 8 32 6 1,834 36 250 750 °
District of
1,022 1,300 2s 260 509 1,172, 2,890
° 0 0 0 ° C)
320,612 20,242 7,275 12,536 93,907 84,817 67,272 34,563



serving violators with the newly
implemented official Notice of

Warning.
5. Reviews

In FY 1987, APHIS. conducted 692
reviews of persons in business to
determine whether they required
licensing or registration (appendix,
table 5).

Special Projects

1. After consulting with the
National Institutes of Health, APHIS
selected a panel of ten experts to
make recommendations on the
psychological well-being of nonhuman
primates. The panel of primate
specialists met in Columbia,
Maryland, April 21-22, 1987, and
submitted its recommendations on —

primary enclosures, space, exercise, |

and various enrichment methods.
These recommendations are being
considered in the drafting of
standards for the psychological
well-being of primates.

2. APHIS presented a seminar at

the annual meeting of the Ameri-
can Association of Laboratory Animal
Science in Chicago, Illinois,
October 9, 1986, to review the
December 1985 amendments to the
Animal Welfare Act, otherwise known
-as,(iThe, Improved Standards for
Laboratory Animals Act."

3. The Animal Care Staff established
a training position in laboratory
animal medicine to improve its level
of technical expertise in the
management of laboratory animals. In

. September 1987, the person in that

position began a 2-year program in
laboratory animal medicine at the

Division of Comparative Medicine,

Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

4. APHIS responded to two external
investigations of the program: a
General Accounting Office review of

practices surrounding the
transportation of puppies and an
Office of the Inspector General
investigation of public concerns
relative to inspection of a
licensed dog dealer.

“5, APHIS served on the
Interagency Research Animal
Committee which represents those
Federal agencies having concerns
for the conservation, supply, use,
care and welfare of animals used
in biomedical research.
Responsibilities of the committee
include information exchange,
program coordination, and
contributions to policy
development. Also, APHIS
supported activities governed by
the Memorandum of Understanding
among APHIS, the National

____Institutes of Health, and the Food

and Drug Administration aimed at
standardizing Federal standards
for the care and use of laboratory
animals.

__ Public Information

In FY 1987, APHIS issued 18 press
releases on the Animal Welfare
Program.

1. Public Correspondence

APHIS receives inquiries about
animal welfare directly from
concerned groups and individual
citizens and indirectly through
referrals from the President,
Members of Congress, and other
departments of government. In FY
1987, APHIS received 485 letters
and 6,727 cards relating to
various animal welfare issues and
concerns. A majority of the
letters dealt with questions about
animal welfare regulations to
implement the December 1985
amendment to the AWA. Most of the
cards contained preprinted
statements submitted at the behest
of humane organizations expressing
concern over animals sold to
research facilities.


well-being of primates will be
included in 9 CFR Part 3. Reg-
ulations to implement these require-
ments are being handled separately
from Parts 1 and 2 because of their
complexity and the time necessary to
obtain technical data in support of
the proposal.

To assist USDA in preparation of the
regulations, a panel of 10 experts,
selected after consultation with the
National Institutes of Health, was
convened in April 1987, to recommend
standards for the humane housing and
psychological well-being of nonhuman
primates, particularly in research
facilities. The panel submitted its
recommendations at the end of April.
In 1986, we asked the American Asso~
ciation of Zoological Parks and
Aquariums (AAZPA) to recommend stand-
ards for the humane housing and
psychological well-being of nonhuman
primates in zoos. The AAZPA
submitted its recommendations in
January 1987. USDA officials are
curténtly drafting standards for the
psychological well-being of primates
and. for the exercise of dogs. The
USDA anticipates that a notice of
ptoposed rulemaking will be pub-
lished in FY 1988.

In accordance with the 1985 amend-
ment to the Animal Welfare Act, USDA
officials have consulted with
officials of the Department of Health
and Human Seryices (HHS) on numerous
occasions during development and re-
view of proposals and rules.

Organization for Implementation of
the Act

The Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) is the
USDA Agency responsible for enforcing
the AWA. Enforcement is directed by
the Agency's Assistant Deputy Admin-
istrator for Domestic Programs
through four regional offices located
in Englewood, Colorado; Fort Worth,
Texas; Scotia, New York; and Tampa,
Florida.

1. Field Enforcement

Licensing, registration, and
inspection are accomplished by 4
field force of APHIS employees
directed by Area Veterinarians in
Charge, who are generally located

. in State capitals. Field

officials involved in animal
welfare activities include
veterinary medical officers,
compliance officers, and animal
health technicians. Six
veterinarians serve as animal
care specialists and provide
full-time coordination of animal
welfare regulatory activities
throughout the country.

2. Staff Support

The Animal Care Staff supports
the program through the
development of—policies,——
procedures, and regulations to
achieve national objectives. The
staff also plans and conducts
training at the national level.

.The Compliance and Enforcement.

Staff supports program activities
by providing consultation on
investigations, reviewing reports
of alleged violations for
prosecution or other action, and
coordinating training of
compliance officers.

3. Training

APHIS designs and conducts
courses-to train the field force
in effective enforcement of the
AWA. Training courses at area,
regional, and national levels are
conducted by specialists inside
and outside APHIS.

During FY 1987, APHIS held two
courses at the national level to
train veterinarians who inspect
research facilities. APHIS also
held one orientation course for
newly~hired veterinarians.


CONTENTS

Summary (1) Separates (Lists)

Appropriation for FY 1987 (1) . Licensed Dealers
Legislation (1) - Registered Research Facilities

Regulations (2) Licensed Exhibitors

Organization for Implementation Registered Exhibitors
of the Act (3) Registered Carriers and
Field Enforcement (3) Intermediate Handlers

Staff Support (3)
Training (3)
Licensing and Registration (4)
Licensed Dealers (4)
Carriers and Intermediate Handlers (4)
Animal Exhibitors (4)
Research Facilities (5)
Reports from Research Facilities (5)
Inspections and Investigations (6)
Prelicensing Inspections (6)
= Compliance Inspections (6) -
Inspections of Animals in Transit (6)
Complaints and Investigations (6)
Reviews (7)
Special: Projects (7)
Public Information (7)
Public Correspondence (7) .
Freedom of Information Act Requests (8)
Legislative Recommendations (8)

Appendix

Table 1. Number of active licensees and

ccadyth registrants (9)

‘Tabie2. Animals used in experimenta-

. tion (10)

Table 3. Animals experiencing pain or
distress (drugs omitted
because they would interfere
with the purpose of research or
testing) (11)

Table 4. Animals to which pain-relieving
drugs were administered to
avoid pain or distress (12)

Table 5. Number of inspections (13)



A 1970 amendment (Public Law 91-579)
broadened coverage of the 1966 Act to
most other warmblooded animals,
including those used for research or
exhibition or sold as pets at the
wholesale level. ,An amendment in
1976 (Public Law 94-279) further
extended coverage to include -
live-animal transportation by
intermediate handlers and airlines.

The Act was amended a third time in

. December 1985, when the “Improved
Standards for Laboratory Animals Act”
was passed as part of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (Public Law
99-198). This amendment requires
that the Secretary issue standards
for the exercise of dogs in research
facilities and for a physical
environment adequate to promote the
psychological well-being of primates.
The amendment requires, among other
things, that in practices involving
pain, the facility consider
alternatives and consult a
veterinarian in the planning of such
proéedures and for the presurgical

and postsurgical care-of the animals-- -- ---

In addition, the amendment requires
that standards be developed to ensure
the proper use of tranquilizers,
analgesics, and anesthetics, and to
restrict the use of animals in
multiple major operative experiments.
The amendment requires that each
facility establish an institutional
animal committee to inspect all
animal facilities and review
practices involving pain to animals
and the condition of the animals.
The committees are also to monitor
research projects and file an
inspection certification report.

Regulations

Administration and enforcement of the
animal welfare program are assigned
to the USDA. The AWA directs the
USDA to develop regulations ensuring

the humane care and treatment of
animals. The regulations are
published in Parts 1, 2, and 3 of
Title 9 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR), and include
minimum standards for handling,
housing, feeding, and watering»
animals; for sheltering them from
extremes of weather and tempera-
ture; and for separating incom-
patible animals. They also
include standards for sanitation,
ventilation, veterinary care, and
transportation. The AWA excludes
poultry, horses, and other fara
animals from regulation when used
for agricultural production or in
studies to improve agricultural
production. The Secretary has
excluded birds, rats, and mice by
regulation.

On March 31, 1987, USDA published
a notice of proposed rulemaking in
the Federal Register (F-R. Vol.
52, No. 61, pages 10292-10322).

‘The proposed rules for Parts 1 and

2 of 9 CFR include a general

_revision of the present

regulations and all the
requirements of the 1985
amendments, except standards for
the exercise of dogs and the .
psychological well-being of
primates.

The USDA received 7,857 comments
in response to the proposed
rulemaking. Sixty-nine percent of
the comments were from the public
sector, 18 percent were from the
research community, and 13 percent
were from dealers and exhibitors.
A task force was established in
August 1987 to catalog, review,
and analyze the comments in
preparation for the final
regulations. The USDA expects to
publish final rules in FY 1988.

Standards for the exercise of
dogs and the psychological


REPORT OF 1987 ACTIVITIES

The Secretary of Agriculture reports
annually on the enforcement and
administration of the Animal Welfare
Act (AWA) (7 U.S.C. 2131 et. seq-),
as required by section 25 of the
Act. That section states “This
report as well as any supporting
documents, data, or findings shall
not be released to any other
persons, non-Federal agencies, or
organizations unless and until it
has been made public by an
appropriate committee of the Senate
or the House of Representatives.”

This report covers Fiscal Year (FY)
1987, which began October 1, 1986,
and“ended September 30, 1987.

Summar

U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) officials inspected 6,732
licensed or registered facilities
(8,244 sites) at an average rate of
1.6times per site in FY 1987 to
enforce compliance with the AWA.
When inspections disclosed
déficiencies, USDA inspectors
advised owners or managers of what
corrections were necessary to bring
their facilities into compliance.

Facilities with repeated
deficiencies or critical or flagrant
violations required formal action.
After thorough investigations, 145
apparent violation cases were
forwarded to the USDA's Office of
the General Counsel for
consideration of administrative
prosecution. Forty-four cases were
settled through procedures resulting
in the imposition of license suspen-
sions or revocations, cease~and~
desist orders, civil penalties, or a
combination of these sanctions.

USDA settled an additional 180
less serious violations by
implemented Notice of Warning.

An annual report of research
activities (VS Form 18-23) was
submitted by.1,260 public and

- private research facilities and

160 Federal research facilities.
These reports show that 58.2
percent of laboratory animals
protected under the AWA were not
exposed to painful or distressing
procedures. Another 35.2 percent
of the animals were administered
anesthetics, analgesics, or
tranquilizers. For 6.6 percent of
the animals, facilities did not
provide pain relief because it
would have interfered with test or
research results.

Appropriation for FY 1987

The appropriation for animal
welfare enforcement for FY 1987
was $5.88 million. Of this sum,
$750,000 was allocated to the
National Agricultural Library for
the-development of an information
system. The information system
was established under the 1985
amendment to the Act (Public Law
99-198) to help prevent unneeded
duplication of animal experi-~
ments, and to provide information
on improved methods of experiments
so as to reduce pain.

Legislation

Animal welfare legislation enacted
in 1966 (Public Law 89-544)

. regulated animal dealers who were

raising dogs and cats for
laboratory research, as well as
laboratories conducting research
on dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea
pigs, rabbits, and nonhuman
primates.


votda hing,

Table t-

jain or distress (d
1

Fuge oaitted because they vould Interfere vith
1987

the purpot cing), fise:
Number of aniasis
State reporting Wild
facilities Total Dogs Cate Prinetes Rabbits aniesls
U.S. Total 189 130,373 2,823 2941, 309 23,798 5,335
0 oO oO ) oO 9 oO
ry 0 0 ° 0 0 0
1 ng 0 r 0 ug 0
Arkansat oO ° 0 Qo C) ° °
California Ww 14,688 38 43 120 1,495 400
Colorado 1 110 0 23 °o 37 30
Connecticut 6 767 201 0 %6 3az 0
Delavare 2 5,918 6 ° 8 oO °
Florida 3 9 0 QO 0 9 °
Georgia 2 w 0 0 9 0 10
Hawaii ) 0 ) QO 0 oO a) ° t)
Idaho ) ° ) o oO 0 0 0 0
Illinois a 1,007 108 3 “4 213 30 sis 64
Indiana 3 6,268 a Qo 3 5,480 ° 704 °
lows 2 4,849 Oo ) 9 246 4,346 2 23
Kansas 2 23,997 2 ) 0 7,989 14,540 1,466 °
Kentucky 9 ° 0 Q oO 0 ) O oO
Louisiane 2 349 C) ty aus 0 ° 7 °
Maine 1 9 oO 0 0 O ° ‘7 o
Marylacd 2 98 ) oO C) o ° 80 18
Massachusetts 10 Sal ° Oo 26 104 0 451 °
8 5,995 16 ° ry 2,566 616 530 2,243
1 822 16 ° ° 617 3 186 °
L 36 0 0 0 o 0 36 r)
7 9,045 rly wv o 2,463 6,504 v7 o
9° Oo ° oO ° °o o oO °
o O ° 0 a] ° a] ° Oo
o o 0 0 Q oO i] a] °
New Hampebire ° o o J Q t) Qo o 0
New Jersey 23 13,161 30 2 9 3,725 (2,935 5,960 0
New Mexico 1 12 0 Q o o 9 12 o
Mew Tork u 833 2 vw 3 137 67 303 34
North Carolina 3 337 30 3 2 0) 0 ° 320
North Dakota 0 ° 0 0 oO o ° ° 0
Obio 10 3,452 ~~ 8r oO 8 2,568 6 585 194
Oklahoma oO ° Q Oo o ° 9 QO oO
Oregon 0 o ° ° 0 Q oO C) °
Pennsylvania = 14 6,656 9 r ry 973 ° 5,369 st
Rhode Island = 0 ° 0 r 0 0 0 ° C)
South Carolina 1 4 0 ° o ° a] 4 )
South Dakota oO 0 ) Q ° ° oO oO °
Tennessee 3 1,790 10 3 Q y 0 1,777 r)
Texas 3 1,070 42 3 a 250 ° TM a)
Ucab 2 12 Q L Qo Qo 0 6 5
Vermont L 3s ) ° 0 ° ) 33 Qo
Virginia 4 3,303 1,040 Q “0 1,915 ° 36 252
Vashiagton 2 7,339 f ° 2 7,337 0 0 0
Weet Virginis o o ° ° oO iJ ° oO co)
Wiscousio 2 127 tC) O QO 2 ° 9S oO
t) oO O ° 9 QO ° ° co
Puerto Rico 1 22 0 oO ° 22 o O 0
Diatrict of
Columbia 1 12 0 o t) Oo oO 12 o
‘Virgin Islands 0 oO oO ° QO 0 ° C) 0
Federal
Agencies 2 17,082 n3 107 als 8,273 3,753 2,059 1,761