United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Polk County,

Minnesota

Part I 

In cooperation with

Minnesota Agricultural

Experiment Station
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is committed to making its

information accessible to all of its customers and employees. If you are experiencing

accessibility issues and need assistance, please contact our Helpdesk by phone at

1-800-457-3642 or by e-mail at helpdesk@helpdesk.itc.nrcs.usda.gov. For assistance

with publications that include maps, graphs, or similar forms of information, you may

also wish to contact our State or local office. You can locate the correct office and

phone number at http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app.

NRCS Accessibility Statement
3

This survey is divided into three parts. Part I includes general information about the

survey area; descriptions of the general soil map units, detailed soil map units, and soil

series in the area; and a description of how the soils formed. Part II describes the use

and management of the soils and the major soil properties. This part may be updated

as further information about soil management becomes available. Part III includes the

maps.

On the general soil map, the survey area is divided into groups of associated soils

called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management

of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify

the name of the map units in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the

section General Soil Map Units in Part I of this survey for a general description of the

soils in your area.

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small

areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map

Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet, and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in

that area. Turn to the Contents in Part I of this survey, which lists the map units by

symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents in Part II shows which table has data on a specific land use for each

detailed soil map unit. Also, see the Contents in Part I and Part II for other sections of

this publication that may address your specific needs.

How To Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web.The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1994. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1996. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1994. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Minnesota

Agricultural Experiment Station, Polk County, the East Polk Soil and Water

Conservation District, and the West Polk Soil and Water Conservation District. The

survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the East Polk Soil and Water

Conservation District and the West Polk Soil and Water Conservation District. It was

partially funded by the Legislative Commission for Minnesota Resources and by Polk

County. Other assistance was provided by the Agricultural Extension Service, the

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and the Board of Water and Soil

Resources.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: Windbreaks and shelterbelts in an area of the Hedman-Fram-Heimdal association. The

trees help to control soil blowing, protect farmsteads and livestock, provide wildlife habitat, and

beautify the landscape.
5

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3

Foreword ................................................................. 9

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 11

General Nature of the County ................................. 12

History................................................................ 12

Physiography, Drainage, and Geology ................ 13

Agriculture .......................................................... 13

Forest Land ........................................................ 14

Climate ............................................................... 14

Tables:

Temperature and Precipitation ....................... 15

Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ..................... 16

Growing Season ............................................ 17

General Soil Map Units ........................................ 19

1. Bygland-Lindaas-Colvin Association .......... 19

2. Colvin-Bearden-Perella Association ........... 19

3. Fargo-Hegne-Colvin Association ................ 20

4. Nielsville-Reis-Clearwater Association ....... 22

5. Wheatville-Glyndon-Borup Association ...... 22

6. Strathcona-Grimstad Association ............... 22

7. Clearwater-Huot-Thiefriver Association ...... 23

8. Sandberg-Radium-Syrene Association ...... 23

9. Ulen-Rosewood-Flaming Association......... 25

10. Smiley-Reiner-Kratka Association .............. 26

11. Cathro-Northwood-Seelyeville

Association ........................................... 27

12. Halverson-Maddock-Chapett

Association ........................................... 27

13. Chapett-Knute-Brandsvold Association ...... 28

14. Hedman-Fram-Heimdal Association .......... 29

15. Waukon-Langhei-Roliss Association .......... 30

16. Naytahwaush-Seelyeville Association ........ 31

Classification of the Soils .................................... 33

Tables:

Classification of the Soils ............................... 34

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils ...................................................... 36

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units.............. 39

Arvilla Series ...................................................... 40

341B—Arvilla sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes .......................................................... 41

Auganaush Series .............................................. 41

767—Auganaush loam ....................................... 42

Augsburg Series ................................................. 42

1297—Augsburg very fine sandy loam ............... 43

Bearden Series .................................................. 44

67A—Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

67B—Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

93A—Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

908—Bearden-Fargo complex............................ 46

1963—Bearden-Colvin complex ......................... 46

Berner Series ..................................................... 48

733—Berner muck ............................................. 48

Borup Series ...................................................... 49

348—Borup loam, depressional ......................... 50

1299—Borup very fine sandy loam .................... 50

Bowstring Series ................................................ 50

1325—Bowstring-Fluvaquents complex,

frequently flooded ........................................ 51

Brandsvold Series .............................................. 52

681—Brandsvold loam ....................................... 53

Bygland Series ................................................... 53

422A—Bygland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 54

422B—Bygland silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 54

422C2—Bygland silty clay loam, 6 to 12

percent slopes, eroded ................................ 55

Cathro Series ..................................................... 55

544—Cathro muck ............................................. 56

Chapett Series ................................................... 56

20B—Chapett fine sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 57

20C2—Chapett fine sandy loam, 6 to 12

percent slopes, eroded ................................ 58

20D2—Chapett fine sandy loam, 12 to 20

percent slopes, eroded ................................ 58

20E—Chapett fine sandy loam, 20 to 40

percent slopes ............................................. 59

Clearwater Series ............................................... 59

641—Clearwater clay ......................................... 60

642—Clearwater loam ........................................ 60

Colvin Series ...................................................... 61

47—Colvin silty clay loam................................... 61

749—Colvin silt loam, occasionally flooded ........ 62

1866—Colvin-Perella complex ........................... 62

1964—Colvin-Fargo complex ............................. 63
6

Darnen Series .................................................... 63

494B—Darnen loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ........ 64

Deerwood Series ................................................ 64

547—Deerwood muck ........................................ 65

Eckvoll Series ..................................................... 66

565—Eckvoll loamy fine sand............................. 67

Esmond Series ................................................... 67

1233D—Esmond-Heimdal complex, 12 to 20

percent slopes, eroded ................................ 68

Espelie Series .................................................... 68

645—Espelie fine sandy loam ............................ 69

Fairdale Series ................................................... 69

667B—Fairdale silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 70

667C2—Fairdale silt loam, 6 to 15 percent

slopes, eroded, occasionally flooded ........... 71

Fargo Series ....................................................... 71

57A—Fargo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes ....... 72

1871—Fargo silty clay, swales ............................ 72

Flaming Series ................................................... 73

66—Flaming loamy fine sand ............................. 73

Fluvaquents ........................................................ 74

1006—Fluvaquents-Haploborolls complex,

0 to 30 percent slopes.................................. 74

Foldahl Series .................................................... 75

426—Foldahl loamy fine sand ............................ 76

Foxhome Series ................................................. 76

65—Foxhome sandy loam .................................. 77

Fram Series ........................................................ 77

296—Fram loam ................................................. 78

Glyndon Series................................................... 79

1304A—Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 79

1304B—Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 80

Grimstad Series ................................................. 80

59—Grimstad fine sandy loam ........................... 81

Gunclub Series................................................... 82

1280—Gunclub silty clay loam ........................... 82

Halverson Series ................................................ 83

735B—Halverson loamy fine sand, 1 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 84

735C—Halverson loamy fine sand, 6 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 84

Hamar Series ..................................................... 85

372—Hamar loamy fine sand ............................. 85

Hamerly Series .................................................. 86

184A—Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes ...... 86

Hamre Series ..................................................... 87

1878—Hamre muck ........................................... 87

Hangaard Series ................................................ 88

111—Hangaard sandy loam ............................... 89

Haploborolls ....................................................... 89

Haslie Series ...................................................... 89

746—Haslie muck .............................................. 90

1113—Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro soils,

ponded ......................................................... 91

Hattie Series....................................................... 91

185D2—Hattie clay, 6 to 18 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 92

Hedman Series .................................................. 92

1117—Hedman loam ......................................... 93

1121—Hedman loam, depressional ................... 94

1142—Hedman-Fram complex ........................... 94

Hegne Series ..................................................... 95

935—Hegne-Fargo complex............................... 95

Heimdal Series ................................................... 96

827B—Heimdal-Esmond complex, 2 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 97

827C2—Heimdal-Esmond complex, 6 to 12

percent slopes, eroded ................................ 97

Hilaire Series ...................................................... 98

647—Hilaire loamy fine sand ............................ 107

Huot Series ...................................................... 107

643—Huot fine sandy loam .............................. 108

Knute Series..................................................... 108

670—Knute fine sandy loam ............................ 109

Kratka Series.................................................... 110

481—Kratka fine sandy loam ........................... 111

LaDelle Series .................................................. 111

1323B—LaDelle silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ...................... 112

Langhei Series ................................................. 112

979D2—Langhei-Waukon complex, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded ......................... 113

Lindaas Series ................................................. 114

1916—Lindaas silty clay loam .......................... 114

Linveldt Series .................................................. 115
7

713—Linveldt fine sandy loam.......................... 116

Lizzie Series ..................................................... 116

707A—Lizzie silt loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes ........................................................ 117

Maddock Series ............................................... 117

45B—Maddock loamy fine sand, 1 to 6

percent slopes ........................................... 118

45C—Maddock loamy fine sand, 6 to 12

percent slopes ........................................... 118

45E—Maddock loamy fine sand, 12 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 119

Mahkonce Series ............................................. 119

737—Mahkonce loam ...................................... 120

Markey Series .................................................. 120

543—Markey muck .......................................... 121

Marquette Series .............................................. 122

242B—Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 122

242D—Marquette loamy sand, 8 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 123

Mavie Series .................................................... 123

412—Mavie fine sandy loam ............................ 124

Naytahwaush Series ........................................ 125

718B—Naytahwaush loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes ........................................................ 126

718C—Naytahwaush loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes ........................................................ 126

718E—Naytahwaush loam, 15 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 126

Nielsville Series ................................................ 127

1119—Nielsville silty clay loam......................... 128

1122—Nielsville-Perella complex ..................... 128

Northwood Series............................................. 129

563—Northwood muck ..................................... 129

1422—Northwood muck, marl subsoil .............. 130

Onstad Series .................................................. 130

671—Onstad loam ........................................... 131

Overly Series ................................................... 132

506—Overly silty clay loam .............................. 132

Perella Series ................................................... 133

1030—Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex ..... 134

Radium Series.................................................. 134

1874—Radium loamy sand .............................. 135

Rauville Series ................................................. 135

450—Rauville silty clay loam ............................ 136

Reiner Series ................................................... 136

650—Reiner fine sandy loam ........................... 137

Reis Series ....................................................... 138

1283—Reis-Clearwater complex ...................... 139

Roliss Series .................................................... 140

387—Roliss loam, depressional ....................... 140

582—Roliss loam ............................................. 141

Rosewood Series ............................................. 141

712—Rosewood fine sandy loam ..................... 142

1278—Rosewood-Venlo complex ..................... 142

1882—Rosewood, Strathcona, and Berner

soils, seepy ................................................ 143

Sandberg Series .............................................. 144

258B—Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent

slopes ........................................................ 145

258C—Sandberg loamy sand, 6 to 12

percent slopes ........................................... 145

258E—Sandberg loamy sand, 12 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 145

Seelyeville Series ............................................. 146

540—Seelyeville muck ..................................... 146

1879—Seelyeville muck, calcareous, 0 to

3 percent slopes ........................................ 147

Serden Series .................................................. 147

573D—Serden fine sand, 6 to 30 percent

slopes ........................................................ 148

Smiley Series ................................................... 148

765—Smiley loam ............................................ 149

Strathcona Series ............................................. 149

439—Strathcona fine sandy loam..................... 150

1144—Strathcona and Kratka soils,

depressional .............................................. 151

Sugarbush Series ............................................. 151

1152B—Sugarbush loamy sand, 1 to 8

percent slopes ........................................... 152

1152C—Sugarbush loamy sand, 8 to 15

percent slopes ........................................... 153

1152E—Sugarbush loamy sand, 15 to 30

percent slopes ........................................... 153

Syrene Series................................................... 153

435—Syrene sandy loam ................................. 154

Thiefriver Series ............................................... 155

651—Thiefriver fine sandy loam ....................... 156

Udipsamments ................................................. 156

Ulen Series ...................................................... 157
8

1264—Ulen loamy fine sand ............................ 157

Vallers Series ................................................... 158

236—Vallers loam ............................................ 158

1279—Vallers-Hamerly complex ...................... 159

Venlo Series ..................................................... 159

W—Water ......................................................... 160

1356—Water, miscellaneous ............................ 160

Waukon Series ................................................. 160

38B—Waukon loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ....... 161

38C2—Waukon loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 162

38D2—Waukon loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 162

967B—Waukon-Langhei complex, 2 to 6

percent slopes ........................................... 163

967C2—Waukon-Langhei complex, 6 to 12

percent slopes, eroded .............................. 163

Wheatville Series ............................................. 164

1315A—Wheatville very fine sandy loam,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 165

Winterfield Series ............................................. 165

791—Winterfield loamy fine sand,

occasionally flooded................................... 166

Wyrene Series .................................................. 166

704—Wyrene sandy loam ................................ 167

Zell Series ........................................................ 167

694D2—Zell silt loam, 6 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded ........................................... 168

References .......................................................... 169

Glossary .............................................................. 171

Issued 2003
9

This soil survey contains information that can be used in land-planning programs in

Polk County, Minnesota. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses.

The survey also highlights limitations and hazards inherent in the soil, improvements

needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the

environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

William Hunt

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

11

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; and the kinds

of crops and native plants. They dug many holes to

study the soil profile, which is the sequence of natural

layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from

the surface down into the unconsolidated material in

which the soil formed. The unconsolidated material is

devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not

been changed by other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

or segment of the landscape. By observing the soils

and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and

relating their position to specific segments of the

landscape, soil scientists develop a concept, or model,

of how the soils were formed. Thus, during mapping,

this model enables the soil scientists to predict with a

considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or

miscellaneous area at a specific location on the

landscape.

Individual soils on the landscape commonly merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate map, however, soil

scientists must determine the boundaries between the

soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil

profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

soil reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

Soil Survey of

Polk County, Minnesota

By Charles T. Saari and Rodney B. Heschke, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by Theodore H. Butler, Walter G. George, Jon C. Gerken, Allan G. Giencke,

Mark D. Hauser, Jeffrey A. Hemenway, Rodney B. Heschke, Barry W. Hunyadi,

Patricia C. Wright-Koll, Ronald A. Neff, Chris V. Noble, Mark L. Perry, Michael W. Roybol,

Charles T. Saari, Larry R. Staley, Michael T. Sucik, Perry F. Sullivan, Clinton W. Tuve,

and Juan A. Vega, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and David A. Larson,

Norman Mojfeld, Martin J. Rosek, Philip E. Nesse, and David V. Wroblewski,

Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station
12 Soil Survey of

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the

soils in this survey area may not fully agree with those

of the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are

the result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications

in series concepts, variations in slope groupings, and

the application of the latest soil classification system.

General Nature of the County

Polk County is in northwestern Minnesota (fig. 1).

Crookston is the county seat. The total area of the

county is about 1,278,000 acres, or about 2,013

square miles. The total area of water bodies more than

40 acres in size is about 22 square miles, or about

14,000 acres.

Farming is the most important enterprise in the

county. Wheat, barley, sugar beets, potatoes, corn,

soybeans, sunflowers, hay, and wild rice are the main

agricultural crops. These crops, along with pasture for

livestock production, provide most of the income in the

county. Most industries in the county are related to

agricultural production. These include companies that

process sugar beets and storage facilities for small

grain and potatoes. Some light industrial and

recreational products also are manufactured.

The soils in Polk County generally are dark and

range in texture from clayey to sandy. Soils in the

western half of the county formed in silty and clayey

lacustrine sediments. Soils in the eastern half of the

county formed in loamy glacial till and sandy and

gravelly outwash material.

Prior to European settlement of the area, the

vegetation in the western half of the county was

mainly tall prairie grass species, wetland reeds, and

sedges and that in the eastern half was mainly mixed

hardwoods.

History

Polk County, which was named for President James

Knox Polk, was established by the State Legislature

✪ST. PAUL

Figure 1.—Location of Polk County in Minnesota.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 13

on July 20, 1858. On October 3, 1863, the Old

Crossing Treaty was signed with the Red Lake and

Pembina bands of the Chippewa, at the site where the

Pembina Trail crossed the Red Lake River. The signing

of this treaty opened much of northwestern Minnesota

to pioneer settlement.

In 1871, the first permanent settlement in Polk

County was established near Climax. Subsequent

settlements followed quickly in and around the Climax

area, and by 1872 another settlement had been

established by a group of Norwegians near Bygland.

On September 7, 1873, the Northern Pacific Railroad

reached Crookston; it subsequently extended north

and west to the county line and beyond. The first

township in the county, Huntsville, was organized on

March 17, 1874. The organization of Crookston,

Vineland, and Fisher Townships followed 2 years later.

The first of the Bonanza Farms was started in 1876

in Keystone Township. In 1895, the Northwest

Experiment Station was established in Section 19 of

Crookston Township. In 1906, the Northwest School of

Agriculture was opened. The first Red River Valley

Crop Show was held in downtown Crookston in 1914.

In 1916 the American Crystal Sugar Company plant

was built in East Grand Forks. A plant in Crookston

was opened in 1954 as a result of the growing sugar

industry and its importance to the local economy.

The population of Polk County increased from

about 11,433 in 1880 to more than 30,192 in 1890.

The population of the county in 1990 was 32,498. The

county has 15 incorporated cities: Beltrami, Climax,

City of Crookston, City of East Grand Forks, Erskine,

Fertile, Fisher, Fosston, Gully, Lengby, McIntosh,

Mentor, Nielsville, Trail, and Winger.

The county has four all-weather airports for small

aircraft. These airports are in Crookston, Erskine,

Fertile, and Fosston. The major highways are U.S.

Highways 2, 59, and 75 and State Highways 9, 32, 92,

102, and 220. County and township roads, many of

which are paved or blacktopped, serve the rural areas.

Grain elevators are located throughout the county.

Locally grown grain is marketed mainly through Duluth

and through Minneapolis and St. Paul. Sugar beets are

stockpiled at harvest time and are processed at plants

in Crookston and East Grand Forks (Polk County

Historical Society, 1976).

Physiography, Drainage, and Geology

The highest elevation in Polk County is about 1,560

feet above sea level. It is on the Alexandria glacial

moraine, about 2 miles east of Lengby, in the

southeast corner of the county. The lowest point in the

county, about 785 feet above sea level, is in the

northwest corner of the county where the Red River

flows north to Canada.

The western half of the county is part of the glacial

Lake Agassiz basin. The average distance from the

Red River to the first of the major beaches deposited

by glacial Lake Agassiz is about 20 miles. The

elevation of the Red River is about 150 feet lower than

the top of the first beach and is about 350 feet lower

than the highest of the glacial lake beaches. Most of

this elevation drop occurs in the first few miles west of

the beaches; very little change in elevation occurs

nearer the river. The soils in the Lake Agassiz basin

formed in lacustrine sediments. The soils in the basin

proper are deep-water clays and silts. Textures are

progressively coarser toward the east, grading to very

fine sand and gravel near the glacial lake beaches.

The eastern half of the county is part of a glacial till

plain with complex upland areas consisting of short,

uneven slopes and many shallow depressions and

natural drainageways. Slopes range from nearly level

to very steep.

The southeast corner of the county is part of a

glacial till moraine complex with steep, complex slopes

and deep depressions that are filled with organic soils.

The soils in the eastern half of the county formed in

loamy glacial till and, in places along major stream

channels, in outwash or alluvium. All of the major

drainage systems of the county empty into the Red

River. The primary tributaries are the Sand Hill River,

which drains the southern part of the county; the Red

Lake River, which drains the northeastern and central

parts of the county; and the Snake River, which flows

from Marshall County and drains the northwestern

part of Polk County. Many natural draws, coulees, and

creeks also help drain the county and flow into larger

drainage systems. An extensive system of ditches has

been constructed to drain excess water from areas of

farmland.

Agriculture

The farms in Polk County are decreasing in number

but increasing in size. There were 2,055 farms in 1980

and 2,008 farms in 1990. During this period the

average size of the farms increased from 572 to 659

acres.

Wheat is the most important crop in the county.

Sugar beets are the second most important crop.

Barley has the second most acreage but is the third

most important crop. The trend has been toward a

decrease in acreage of flax, oats, rye, and sunflowers

and an increase in acreage of wheat and barley. In

1990, about 429,000 acres was planted to wheat and

produced 19,890,700 bushels (Minnesota Agricultural
14 Soil Survey of

Statistics Service, 1991). That same year, the county

had 159,300 acres of barley and 103,100 acres of

sugar beets. The acreage used for wheat varies

annually in response to market prices. Other crops

grown in the county are corn, hay, potatoes, soybeans,

and sunflowers.

Generally, the number of livestock in Polk County

has decreased over recent years. The number of

farms raising livestock also has decreased, but the

number of livestock per farm has increased. The main

types of livestock are beef cattle and dairy cows. In

1990, the county had about 28,000 beef cattle and

calves and 5,100 dairy cows.

Forest Land

Approximately 91,800 acres in Polk County is

forested. Small woodlots are scattered throughout the

county. The eastern quarter of the county and the

central lakes area have the most and the largest tracts

of uncleared land. The main species are aspen,

basswood, birch, bur oak, northern red oak, maples,

and some small stands of white pine. Aspen, elm,

eastern cottonwood, bur oak, and shrubs are common

on sandy lacustrine and outwash sediments. Black

spruce, tamarack, and willows commonly grow in

areas of organic bog soils.

The early settlers, mainly loggers, came to eastern

Polk County to harvest this timber.

Climate

The three tables at the end of this section

(“Temperature and Precipitation,” “Freeze Dates in

Spring and Fall,” and “Growing Season”) give climate

data for the survey area as recorded at Crookston and

Fosston in the period 1961 to 1990.

In winter the average temperature is 8 degrees F in

Crookston and Fosston. The average daily minimum

temperature is -1 degree at Crookston and -2 degrees

at Fosston. The lowest temperature on record at

Crookston, which occurred on February 15, 1936, is

-51 degrees; the lowest temperature on record at

Fosston, which occurred on February 4, 1989, is -43

degrees.

In summer the average temperature is 68 degrees

at Crookston and 66 degrees at Fosston. The average

daily maximum temperature is 80 degrees at

Crookston and 79 degrees at Fosston. The highest

recorded temperature at Crookston, which occurred

on July 12, 1936, is 105 degrees; the highest recorded

temperature at Fosston, which occurred on August 19,

1976, is 103 degrees.

Growing degrees, which are shown in the table

“Temperature and Precipitation,” are equivalent to

“heat units.” During the month, growing degree days

accumulate by the amount that the average

temperature each day exceeds a base temperature

(40 degrees F). The normal monthly accumulation is

used to schedule single or successive plantings of a

crop between the last freeze in spring and the first

freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation at Crookston is 19.88

inches. Of this, 15.4 inches, or about 77 percent,

usually falls in April through September. The growing

season for most crops falls within this period. The total

annual precipitation at Fosston is 24.02 inches; of this,

17.72 inches, or about 74 percent, usually falls in April

through September. In 2 years out of 10, the rainfall in

April through September is less than 7.34 inches at

Crookston and less than 9.12 inches at Fosston. The

heaviest 1-day rainfall on record was 5.85 inches at

Crookston (on August 31, 1908) and 6 inches at

Fosston (on June 25, 1950). Thunderstorms occur on

about 32 days each year in the survey area, and most

occur in July.

The average seasonal snowfall is 36.8 inches at

Crookston and 43.4 inches at Fosston. The greatest

snow depth at any one time during the period of

record was 27 inches at Crookston and 36 inches at

Fosston. On the average, 12 days of the year have at

least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The number of

such days varies greatly from year to year. The

heaviest 1-day snowfall on record was more than 11

inches.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 62 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 81 percent. The sun shines

about 67 percent of the time possible in summer and

50 percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the

south-southeast. Average windspeed is highest, 14

miles per hour, in April.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 15

Temperature and Precipitation

 (Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Crookston and Fosston, Minnesota.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 Month | | | | 10 will have-- | Average | | will have-- | Average | _______________________ _____________

 |Average|Average|Average| Maximum | Minimum |number of|Average| | |number of|Average

 | daily | daily | |temperature|temperature| growing | | Less | More |days with|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| | higher | lower | degree | |than--|than--|0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | o _ _ _ _ _ _____ __ __ __ __ F | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CROOKSTON: | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 13.9 | -5.9 | 4.0 | 42 | -36 | 0 | 0.53 | 0.22| 0.79| 1 | 9.5

 February---| 20.3 | .1 | 10.2 | 43 | -32 | 0 | .47 | .18| .71| 1 | 6.2

 March------| 33.7 | 14.9 | 24.3 | 62 | -22 | 13 | .78 | .36| 1.20| 2 | 6.1

 April------| 53.2 | 31.3 | 42.3 | 82 | 6 | 154 | 1.46 | .64| 2.34| 3 | 1.9

 May--------| 68.8 | 42.9 | 55.8 | 91 | 21 | 492 | 2.46 | 1.06| 3.65| 5 | .2

 June-------| 77.2 | 52.9 | 65.0 | 93 | 36 | 751 | 3.45 | 1.92| 4.80| 6 | .0

 July-------| 82.7 | 57.7 | 70.2 | 97 | 42 | 935 | 2.78 | 1.20| 4.12| 5 | .0

 August-----| 81.2 | 55.3 | 68.3 | 98 | 37 | 875 | 2.88 | 1.72| 3.93| 5 | .0

 September--| 69.7 | 45.5 | 57.6 | 92 | 25 | 528 | 2.37 | .80| 3.66| 4 | .0

 October----| 56.7 | 34.5 | 45.6 | 82 | 13 | 222 | 1.53 | .51| 2.37| 3 | .7

 November---| 35.6 | 18.7 | 27.1 | 62 | -12 | 21 | .68 | .18| 1.08| 1 | 4.8

 December---| 19.4 | 1.4 | 10.4 | 46 | -29 | 0 | .49 | .23| .71| 1 | 7.4

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 51.0 | 29.1 | 40.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Extreme---| 105 | -51 | --- | 99 | -37 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,989 | 19.88 | 16.38| 23.14| 37 | 36.8

 | | | | | | | | | | |

FOSSTON: | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 14.2 | -7.3 | 3.4 | 41 | -37 | 0 | 0.73 | 0.33| 1.17| 2 | 9.7

 February---| 21.4 | -1.1 | 10.1 | 47 | -34 | 0 | .48 | .28| .69| 2 | 6.1

 March------| 35.3 | 14.1 | 24.7 | 63 | -23 | 14 | 1.04 | .50| 1.51| 3 | 7.7

 April------| 53.0 | 29.7 | 41.4 | 81 | 5 | 141 | 1.79 | .69| 2.82| 4 | 3.5

 May--------| 67.8 | 41.9 | 54.8 | 89 | 21 | 464 | 2.80 | 1.34| 4.05| 6 | .2

 June-------| 75.9 | 51.5 | 63.7 | 92 | 34 | 708 | 3.92 | 2.36| 5.33| 7 | .0

 July-------| 81.4 | 56.0 | 68.7 | 96 | 40 | 887 | 3.20 | 1.53| 4.65| 6 | .0

 August-----| 79.6 | 53.8 | 66.7 | 96 | 36 | 826 | 3.30 | 2.03| 4.45| 6 | .0

 September--| 68.4 | 43.9 | 56.2 | 90 | 24 | 488 | 2.71 | 1.17| 4.03| 5 | .0

 October----| 56.1 | 33.8 | 44.9 | 83 | 12 | 212 | 2.46 | .72| 3.87| 4 | 1.1

 November---| 35.9 | 18.6 | 27.2 | 64 | -13 | 21 | .81 | .37| 1.29| 2 | 6.0

 December---| 19.9 | 1.0 | 10.5 | 46 | -31 | 0 | .78 | .36| 1.14| 3 | 9.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 50.7 | 28.0 | 39.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Extreme---| 103 | -43 | --- | 98 | -39 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,762 | 24.02 | 15.48| 29.05| 50 | 43.4

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (40 degrees F).
16 Soil Survey of

Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Crookston and Fosston,

 Minnesota.)

______________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 

oF | 28 oF | 32 o

F

 | or lower | or lower | or lower ______________________________________________________________

 | | |

CROOKSTON: | | |

 Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 10 | May 23 | May 28

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 4 | May 17 | May 23

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 22 | May 6 | May 14

 | | |

 First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 28 | Sept. 17 | Sept. 6

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 3 | Sept. 21 | Sept. 11

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 14 | Sept. 30 | Sept. 21

 | | |

FOSSTON: | | |

 Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 9 | May 19 | May 31

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 3 | May 15 | May 27

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 23 | May 6 | May 19

 | | |

 First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 24 | Sept. 14 | Sept. 4

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 30 | Sept. 19 | Sept. 9

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 12 | Sept. 30 | Sept. 19

 | | | ______________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 17

Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Crookston and

 Fosston, Minnesota.)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days ____ ____ ____

 | | |

CROOKSTON: | | |

 9 years in 10| 145 | 121 | 105

 | | |

 8 years in 10| 152 | 129 | 113

 | | |

 5 years in 10| 165 | 144 | 129

 | | |

 2 years in 10| 177 | 160 | 144

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | 184 | 168 | 153

 | | |

FOSSTON: | | |

 9 years in 10| 137 | 121 | 104

 | | |

 8 years in 10| 145 | 128 | 110

 | | |

 5 years in 10| 161 | 141 | 122

 | | |

 2 years in 10| 176 | 154 | 135

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | 184 | 160 | 141

 | | | __________________________________________________

19

The general soil map in this publication shows the

soil associations in this survey area. Each association

has a distinctive pattern of soils, relief, and drainage.

Each is a unique natural landscape. Typically, an

association consists of one or more major soils and

some minor soils. It is named for the major soils. The

soils making up one association can occur in another

but in a different pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise,

areas where the soils are not suitable can be

identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other structure.

The soils in any one association differ from place to

place in slope, depth, drainage, and other

characteristics that affect management.

1. Bygland-Lindaas-Colvin Association

Nearly level to sloping, poorly drained and moderately

well drained soils that formed in silty and clayey

lacustrine sediments

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Bygland—

flats, rises, and backslopes on lake plains;

Lindaas—flats and swales on lake plains; Colvin—

flats on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 12 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 1

Extent of the components in the association:

Bygland soils—35 percent

Lindaas soils—30 percent

Colvin soils—15 percent

Minor soils—20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Bygland

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Silty lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Lindaas

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Colvin

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Minor Soils

• The moderately well drained Overly soils on slight

rises

• The somewhat poorly drained and moderately well

drained Bearden soils on slight rises

• The very poorly drained Rauville soils in oxbows on

flood plains

• The moderately well drained Fairdale soils on rises

on flood plains

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary use—

forest land

Major management factors: Bygland—wind erosion

and water erosion; Lindaas and Colvin—

wetness

2. Colvin-Bearden-Perella Association

Nearly level and gently sloping, poorly drained to

moderately well drained soils that formed in silty

lacustrine sediments (fig. 2)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Colvin—flats

on lake plains; Bearden—slight rises on lake

plains; Perella—swales on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 24

General Soil Map Units
20 Soil Survey of

Extent of the components in the association:

Colvin soils—45 percent

Bearden soils—30 percent

Perella soils—15 percent

Minor soils—10 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Colvin

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Bearden

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained and

moderately well drained

Parent material: Silty lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam and silty clay

loam

Perella

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Borup and Fargo soils in swales

and on flats

• The somewhat poorly drained Glyndon soils on

slight rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland

Major management factors: Colvin—wetness and wind

erosion; Bearden—wind erosion and wetness;

Perella—wetness

3. Fargo-Hegne-Colvin Association

Nearly level, poorly drained soils that formed in silty

and clayey lacustrine sediments (fig. 3)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Fargo—flats

Figure 2.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Colvin-Bearden-Perella association.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 21

and swales on lake plains; Hegne—flats on lake

plains; Colvin—flats on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 9

Extent of the components in the association:

Fargo soils—45 percent

Hegne soils—25 percent

Colvin soils—20 percent

Minor soils—10 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Fargo

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Clayey lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Hegne

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Clayey lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Colvin

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty lacustrine sediments

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Minor Soils

• The somewhat poorly drained Bearden soils on

slight rises

• The poorly drained Perella soils in swales

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland

Figure 3.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Fargo-Hegne-Colvin association.
22 Soil Survey of

Major management factors: Wetness, tilth, wind

erosion

4. Nielsville-Reis-Clearwater Association

Nearly level, poorly drained soils that formed in silty

and clayey glaciolacustrine deposits and till on glacial

lake plains

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Nielsville—

flats on lake plains; Reis—flats on lake plains;

Clearwater—flats and swales on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 3

Extent of the components in the association:

Nielsville soils—40 percent

Reis soils—30 percent

Clearwater soils—20 percent

Minor soils—10 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Nielsville

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Silty glaciolacustrine deposits over

clayey glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Reis

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Clayey glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Clay

Clearwater

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Clayey glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Clay

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Augsburg and Fargo soils in

swales

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland

Major management factors: Wetness, tilth

5. Wheatville-Glyndon-Borup Association

Nearly level and gently sloping, very poorly drained to

somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in silty,

loamy, and clayey glaciolacustrine deposits on glacial

lake plains

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Wheatville—

slight rises on lake plains; Glyndon—flats, slight

rises, and backslopes on lake plains; Borup—flats

and swales on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 6

Extent of the components in the association:

Wheatville soils—35 percent

Glyndon soils—30 percent

Borup soils—15 percent

Minor soils—20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Wheatville

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Silty over clayey glaciolacustrine

deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Glyndon

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Silty glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Borup

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Parent material: Silty glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Augsburg and Clearwater soils

on flats and in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Huot soils on slight

rises

• The moderately well drained Ulen soils on slight

rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland

Major management factors: Wetness, wind erosion

6. Strathcona-Grimstad Association

Nearly level, very poorly drained to somewhat

poorly drained soils that formed in loamy and sandy
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 23

glaciolacustrine deposits and till on glacial lake

plains

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Strathcona—

flats and swales on lake plains; Grimstad—slight

rises on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 9

Extent of the components in the association:

Strathcona soils—40 percent

Grimstad soils—30 percent

Minor soils—30 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Strathcona

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Parent material: Loamy and sandy glaciolacustrine

deposits over loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Grimstad

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy and sandy glaciolacustrine

deposits over loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Hedman, Kratka, Mavie, Roliss,

and Vallers soils on flats and in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained and moderately well

drained Hamerly, Foldahl, Fram, Ulen, and Wyrene

soils on slight rises

• The excessively drained Sandberg soils on

backslopes

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary use—

pasture

Major management factors: Strathcona—wetness;

Grimstad—wetness and wind erosion

7. Clearwater-Huot-Thiefriver Association

Nearly level, poorly drained and somewhat poorly

drained soils that formed in clayey, loamy, and sandy

glaciolacustrine deposits and till on glacial lake plains

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Clearwater—

flats and swales on lake plains; Huot—slight rises

on lake plains; Thiefriver—flats on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 4

Extent of the components in the association:

Clearwater soils—35 percent

Huot soils—25 percent

Thiefriver soils—20 percent

Minor soils—20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Clearwater

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Clayey glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Clay

Huot

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy and sandy over clayey

glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Thiefriver

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy and sandy over clayey

glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Augsburg, Rosewood, and

Espelie soils on flats and in swales

• The moderately well drained Hilaire soils on slight

rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—pasture and hayland

Major management factors: Clearwater—wetness;

Huot and Thiefriver—wetness and wind erosion

8. Sandberg-Radium-Syrene Association

Nearly level to steep, poorly drained to excessively

drained soils that formed in sandy and loamy beach

deposits on beach plains, beach ridges, outwash

plains, and lake plains (fig. 4)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Sandberg—

summits and backslopes on beach ridges;

Radium—slight rises on beach ridges; Syrene—
24 Soil Survey of

flats on beach plains, outwash plains, and lake

plains

Slope range: 0 to 30 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 7

Extent of the components in the association:

Sandberg soils—40 percent

Radium soils—25 percent

Syrene soils—15 percent

Minor soils—20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Sandberg

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Radium

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy and gravelly beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Syrene

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy and sandy glaciolacustrine

deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Hangaard and Rosewood soils

on flats and in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Wyrene soils on slight

rises

• The moderately well drained, well drained, and

somewhat excessively drained Arvilla, Flaming,

Maddock, and Ulen soils on slight rises, rises,

backslopes, and summits

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—pasture and hayland

Major management factors: Sandberg and Radium—

wind erosion and droughtiness; Syrene—wetness

Figure 4.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Sandberg-Radium-Syrene association.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 25

9. Ulen-Rosewood-Flaming Association

Nearly level, very poorly drained, poorly drained, and

moderately well drained soils that formed in loamy and

sandy glaciolacustrine deposits on outwash plains and

glacial lake plains (fig. 5)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Ulen—slight

rises on lake plains; Rosewood—flats and swales

on lake plains; Flaming—slight rises on lake plains

and outwash plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 8

Extent of the components in the association:

Ulen soils—35 percent

Rosewood soils—30 percent

Flaming soils—20 percent

Minor soils—15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Ulen

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Rosewood

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Parent material: Loamy and sandy glaciolacustrine

deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Flaming

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Sandy glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained and very poorly drained Hamar

and Strathcona soils on flats and in swales

Figure 5.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Ulen-Rosewood-Flaming association.
26 Soil Survey of

• The somewhat poorly drained Grimstad soils on

slight rises

• The excessively drained Sandberg soils on summits

and backslopes

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—pasture and hayland

Major management factors: Ulen—wind erosion;

Rosewood—wetness and wind erosion; Flaming—

wind erosion

10. Smiley-Reiner-Kratka Association

Nearly level, very poorly drained, poorly drained, and

moderately well drained soils that formed in loamy and

sandy glaciolacustrine deposits and till on glacial lake

plains (fig. 6)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Smiley—flats

and swales on lake plains; Reiner—slight rises on

lake plains; Kratka—flats and swales on lake

plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 2

Extent of the components in the association:

Smiley soils—40 percent

Reiner soils—20 percent

Kratka soils—15 percent

Minor soils—25 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Smiley

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Reiner

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Figure 6.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Smiley-Reiner-Kratka association.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 27

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Kratka

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Parent material: Loamy and sandy glaciolacustrine

deposits over loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Hamre and Northwood soils

in depressions

• The poorly drained Roliss, Strathcona, and Vallers

soils on flats and in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained and moderately well

drained Eckvoll, Grimstad, and Hamerly soils on slight

rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—pasture and hayland

Major management factors: Smiley—wetness;

Reiner—wind erosion; Kratka—wetness

11. Cathro-Northwood-Seelyeville

Association

Nearly level, very poorly drained soils that formed in

organic materials and loamy and sandy

glaciolacustrine deposits on glacial lake plains

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Depressions

on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 2

Extent of the components in the association:

Cathro soils—35 percent

Northwood soils—25 percent

Seelyeville soils—20 percent

Minor soils—20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Cathro

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic materials over loamy

glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Northwood

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic materials over loamy and

sandy glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Seelyeville

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic materials

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Markey soils

• The poorly drained Kratka, Strathcona, Roliss, and

Vallers soils on flats and slight rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary uses—pasture and wildlife;

secondary use—cropland

Major management factors: Wetness

12. Halverson-Maddock-Chapett

Association

Gently sloping to steep, well drained soils that formed

in sandy and loamy glacial outwash and till on

outwash plains and moraines (fig. 7)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Halverson—

rises, summits, and backslopes on moraines;

Maddock—rises, summits, and backslopes on

outwash plains; Chapett—summits and

backslopes on outwash plains and moraines

Slope range: 1 to 40 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 2

Extent of the components in the association:

Halverson soils—30 percent

Maddock soils—25 percent

Chapett soils—25 percent

Minor soils—20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Halverson

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Sandy outwash deposits over loamy

glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand
28 Soil Survey of

Maddock

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Sandy glaciolacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Chapett

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained and very poorly drained Kratka

and Hedman soils on flats and in swales

• The moderately well drained Foldahl and Knute soils

on flats and slight rises

• The excessively drained Serden soils on backslopes

and summits

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—pasture, hayland, and forest land

Major management factors: Halverson and

Maddock—wind erosion and droughtiness;

Chapett—erosion control on slopes

13. Chapett-Knute-Brandsvold

Association

Nearly level to steep, poorly drained, moderately well

drained, and well drained soils that formed in loamy till

(fig. 8)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Chapett—

summits and backslopes on moraines; Knute—

rises on moraines; Brandsvold—flats and swales

on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 40 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 11

Figure 7.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Halverson-Maddock-Chapett association.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 29

Extent of the components in the association:

Chapett soils—50 percent

Knute soils—20 percent

Brandsvold soils—15 percent

Minor soils—15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Chapett

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Knute

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Brandsvold

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Hamre soils in depressions

• The poorly drained and very poorly drained Hedman

soils on flats and in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained to moderately well

drained Fram soils on flats and slight rises

• The well drained Esmond and Heimdal soils on

summits, backslopes, and shoulder slopes

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—pasture, hayland, and forest land

Major management factors: Chapett—erosion control

on slopes; Knute—wind erosion and water

erosion; Brandsvold—wetness

14. Hedman-Fram-Heimdal Association

Nearly level to hilly, very poorly drained to well drained

soils that formed in loamy till (fig. 9)

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Hedman—

flats on moraines; Fram—rises on moraines;

Heimdal—summits and backslopes on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 20 percent

Figure 8.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Chapett-Knute-Brandsvold association.
30 Soil Survey of

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 6

Extent of the components in the association:

Hedman soils—40 percent

Fram soils—30 percent

Heimdal soils—15 percent

Minor soils—15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Hedman

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Fram

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained and

moderately well drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Heimdal

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Cathro soils in depressions

• The well drained Chapett and Esmond soils on

summits and backslopes

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—pasture and hayland

Major management factors: Hedman and Fram—

wetness; Heimdal—erosion control on slopes

15. Waukon-Langhei-Roliss Association

Nearly level to steep, very poorly drained, poorly

drained, and well drained soils that formed in loamy

glacial till

Setting

Landform and position on the landform: Waukon—

summits and backslopes on moraines; Langhei—

Figure 9.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Hedman-Fram-Heimdal association.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 31

shoulder slopes on moraines; Roliss—flats and

swales on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 20 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 3

Extent of the components in the association:

Waukon soils—45 percent

Langhei soils—25 percent

Roliss soils—15 percent

Minor soils—15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Waukon

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Langhei

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Roliss

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Cathro soils in

depressions

• The poorly drained Smiley soils on flats and in

swales

• The moderately well drained Reiner soils on slight

rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—forest land and pasture

Major management factors: Waukon and Langhei—

erosion control on slopes; Roliss—wetness

16. Naytahwaush-Seelyeville Association

Nearly level to steep, well drained and very poorly

drained soils that formed in clayey and loamy glacial

till and organic materials

Setting

Landform and position on the landform:

Naytahwaush—summits and backslopes on

moraines; Seelyeville—depressions on moraines

Slope range: 0 to 30 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 3

Extent of the components in the association:

Naytahwaush soils—60 percent

Seelyeville soils—20 percent

Minor soils—20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Naytahwaush

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loamy glacial till

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Seelyeville

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Parent material: Organic materials

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Cathro soils in depressions

• The poorly drained Auganaush, Roliss, and Smiley

soils on flats and in swales

• The moderately well drained Mahkonce and Reiner

soils on flats and rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Primary use—cropland; secondary

uses—pasture, hayland, and forest land

Major management factors: Naytahwaush—erosion

control on slopes; Seelyeville—wetness

33

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(USDA, 1996 and 1999). Beginning with the broadest,

these categories are the order, suborder, great group,

subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based on

soil properties observed in the field or inferred from

those observations or from laboratory measurements.

The table “Classification of the Soils,” at the end of this

section, shows the classification of the soils in the

survey area. The categories are defined in the

following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Mollisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Aquoll

(Aqu, meaning water, plus oll, from Mollisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Calciaquolls (Calci, referring to an

accumulation of secondary carbonates, plus aquolls,

the suborder of the Mollisols that has an aquic

moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjectiveTypic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Calciaquolls.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle size, mineral

content, soil temperature regime, soil depth, and

reaction. A family name consists of the name of a

subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil

properties. An example is fine-silty, mixed, superactive,

frigid Typic Calciaquolls.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile. An

example is the Colvin series.

Classification of the Soils
34 Soil Survey of

Classification of the Soils

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Arvilla------------------|Sandy, mixed Udic Haploborolls

 Auganaush----------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Mollic Albaqualfs

 Augsburg-----------------|Coarse-silty over clayey, mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Typic

 | Calciaquolls

 Bearden------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Berner-------------------|Loamy, mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

 Borup--------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Bowstring----------------|Euic Fluvaquentic Borosaprists

 Brandsvold---------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

 Bygland------------------|Fine, smectitic Aquertic Argiborolls

 Cathro-------------------|Loamy, mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

 Chapett------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Boralfic Udic Argiborolls

 Clearwater---------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaquerts

 Colvin-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Darnen-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Pachic Udic Haploborolls

 Deerwood-----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Histic Humaquepts

 Eckvoll------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs

 Esmond-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Udic Calciborolls

 Espelie------------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaquolls

 Fairdale-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Mollic Udifluvents

 Fargo--------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaquerts

 Flaming------------------|Sandy, mixed Aquic Haploborolls

 Fluvaquents--------------|Loamy Fluvaquents

 Foldahl------------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Haploborolls

 Foxhome------------------|Sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Haploborolls

 Fram---------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Glyndon------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Grimstad-----------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Gunclub------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Halverson----------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive Arenic Argiborolls

 Hamar--------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Hamerly------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Hamre--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

 Hangaard-----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Haploborolls-------------|Loamy Haploborolls

 Haslie-------------------|Coprogenous, euic Limnic Borosaprists

 Hattie-------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Hapluderts

 Hedman-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Hegne--------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquerts

 Heimdal------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Udic Haploborolls

 Hilaire------------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic Aquic Haploborolls

 Huot---------------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic Aquic Calciborolls

 Knute--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Argiborolls

 Kratka-------------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 LaDelle------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive Cumulic Udic Haploborolls

 Langhei------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Eutrochrepts

 Lindaas------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

 Linveldt-----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Argiborolls

 Lizzie-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive Boralfic Udic Argiborolls

 Maddock------------------|Sandy, mixed Udorthentic Haploborolls

 Mahkonce-----------------|Fine, smectitic Aquic Eutroboralfs

 Markey-------------------|Sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

 Marquette----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ochreptic Eutroboralfs

 Mavie--------------------|Sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Naytahwaush--------------|Fine, smectitic Mollic Eutroboralfs

 Nielsville---------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Northwood----------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

 Onstad-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Haploborolls

 Overly-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive Pachic Udic Haploborolls

 Perella------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Radium-------------------|Sandy, mixed Aquic Haploborolls

 Rauville-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Cumulic Endoaquolls

 |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 35

Classification of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Reiner-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Abruptic Udic Argiborolls

 Reis---------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquerts

 Roliss-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Rosewood-----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Sandberg-----------------|Sandy, mixed Udorthentic Haploborolls

 Seelyeville--------------|Euic Typic Borosaprists

 Serden-------------------|Mixed, frigid Typic Udipsamments

 Smiley-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

 Strathcona---------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Sugarbush----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

 Syrene-------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Thiefriver---------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Udipsamments-------------|Udipsamments

 Ulen---------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Vallers------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Venlo--------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Waukon-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Mollic Eutroboralfs

 Wheatville---------------|Coarse-silty over clayey, mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Aeric

 | Calciaquolls

 Winterfield--------------|Mixed, frigid Aquic Udipsamments

 Wyrene-------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Zell---------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive Udic Calciborolls

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
36 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

20B |Chapett fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 50,777 | 4.0

20C2 |Chapett fine sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 12,359 | 1.0

20D2 |Chapett fine sandy loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded-----------------| 5,471 | 0.4

20E |Chapett fine sandy loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes-------------------------| 447 | *

38B |Waukon loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 4,775 | 0.4

38C2 |Waukon loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------------------| 2,725 | 0.2

38D2 |Waukon loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------| 963 | *

45B |Maddock loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 10,234 | 0.8

45C |Maddock loamy fine sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------| 2,357 | 0.2

45E |Maddock loamy fine sand, 12 to 30 percent slopes-------------------------| 2,097 | 0.2

47 |Colvin silty clay loam---------------------------------------------------| 51,986 | 4.1

57A |Fargo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,389 | 0.1

59 |Grimstad fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------| 50,966 | 4.0

65 |Foxhome sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------| 1,526 | 0.1

66 |Flaming loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 15,272 | 1.2

67A |Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 20,202 | 1.6

67B |Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------| 6,301 | 0.5

93A |Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 8,439 | 0.7

111 |Hangaard sandy loam------------------------------------------------------| 1,030 | *

184A |Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 3,581 | 0.3

185D2 |Hattie clay, 6 to 18 percent slopes, eroded------------------------------| 1,495 | 0.1

236 |Vallers loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 8,079 | 0.6

242B |Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------| 612 | *

242D |Marquette loamy sand, 8 to 30 percent slopes-----------------------------| 471 | *

258B |Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------| 21,527 | 1.7

258C |Sandberg loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes------------------------------| 2,272 | 0.2

258E |Sandberg loamy sand, 12 to 30 percent slopes-----------------------------| 1,705 | 0.1

296 |Fram loam----------------------------------------------------------------| 26,431 | 2.1

341B |Arvilla sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes--------------------------------| 3,012 | 0.2

348 |Borup loam, depressional-------------------------------------------------| 397 | *

372 |Hamar loamy fine sand----------------------------------------------------| 2,864 | 0.2

387 |Roliss loam, depressional------------------------------------------------| 1,503 | 0.1

412 |Mavie fine sandy loam----------------------------------------------------| 3,519 | 0.3

422A |Bygland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 8,758 | 0.7

422B |Bygland silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 2,390 | 0.2

422C2 |Bygland silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 510 | *

426 |Foldahl loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 10,104 | 0.8

435 |Syrene sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------| 2,784 | 0.2

439 |Strathcona fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------| 28,312 | 2.2

450 |Rauville silty clay loam-------------------------------------------------| 2,304 | 0.2

481 |Kratka fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------| 5,771 | 0.5

494B |Darnen loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 16 | *

506 |Overly silty clay loam---------------------------------------------------| 1,888 | 0.1

540 |Seelyeville muck---------------------------------------------------------| 12,285 | 1.0

543 |Markey muck--------------------------------------------------------------| 4,564 | 0.4

544 |Cathro muck--------------------------------------------------------------| 13,942 | 1.1

547 |Deerwood muck------------------------------------------------------------| 2,638 | 0.2

563 |Northwood muck-----------------------------------------------------------| 6,394 | 0.5

565 |Eckvoll loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 438 | *

573D |Serden fine sand, 6 to 30 percent slopes---------------------------------| 1,130 | *

582 |Roliss loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 6,627 | 0.5

641 |Clearwater clay----------------------------------------------------------| 13,920 | 1.1

642 |Clearwater loam----------------------------------------------------------| 22,234 | 1.7

643 |Huot fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------| 16,564 | 1.3

645 |Espelie fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------| 724 | *

647 |Hilaire loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 4,423 | 0.3

650 |Reiner fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------| 3,756 | 0.3

651 |Thiefriver fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------| 2,096 | 0.2

667B |Fairdale silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, occasionally flooded----------| 11,505 | 0.9

667C2 |Fairdale silt loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes, eroded, occasionally flooded-| 1,143 | *

670 |Knute fine sandy loam----------------------------------------------------| 11,656 | 0.9

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 37

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

671 |Onstad loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 9,147 | 0.7

681 |Brandsvold loam----------------------------------------------------------| 4,993 | 0.4

694D2 |Zell silt loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------| 3,953 | 0.3

704 |Wyrene sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------| 5,251 | 0.4

707A |Lizzie silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,902 | 0.1

712 |Rosewood fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------| 24,141 | 1.9

713 |Linveldt fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------| 759 | *

718B |Naytahwaush loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------------| 3,971 | 0.3

718C |Naytahwaush loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes---------------------------------| 8,926 | 0.7

718E |Naytahwaush loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes--------------------------------| 4,367 | 0.3

733 |Berner muck--------------------------------------------------------------| 1,447 | 0.1

735B |Halverson loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------| 5,018 | 0.4

735C |Halverson loamy fine sand, 6 to 15 percent slopes------------------------| 1,493 | 0.1

737 |Mahkonce loam------------------------------------------------------------| 792 | *

746 |Haslie muck--------------------------------------------------------------| 2,351 | 0.2

749 |Colvin silt loam, occasionally flooded-----------------------------------| 421 | *

765 |Smiley loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 3,763 | 0.3

767 |Auganaush loam-----------------------------------------------------------| 543 | *

791 |Winterfield loamy fine sand, occasionally flooded------------------------| 1,392 | 0.1

827B |Heimdal-Esmond complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------| 16,217 | 1.3

827C2 |Heimdal-Esmond complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------------| 3,923 | 0.3

908 |Bearden-Fargo complex----------------------------------------------------| 18,205 | 1.4

935 |Hegne-Fargo complex------------------------------------------------------| 4,862 | 0.4

967B |Waukon-Langhei complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------| 46 | *

967C2 |Waukon-Langhei complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------------| 1,630 | 0.1

979D2 |Langhei-Waukon complex, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 730 | *

1006 |Fluvaquents-Haploborolls complex, 0 to 30 percent slopes-----------------| 3,719 | 0.3

1030 |Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex----------------------------------------| 3,189 | 0.2

1113 |Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro soils, ponded----------------------------| 5,794 | 0.5

1117 |Hedman loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 21,645 | 1.7

1119 |Nielsville silty clay loam-----------------------------------------------| 15,486 | 1.2

1121 |Hedman loam, depressional------------------------------------------------| 2,356 | 0.2

1122 |Nielsville-Perella complex-----------------------------------------------| 4,851 | 0.4

1142 |Hedman-Fram complex------------------------------------------------------| 41,771 | 3.3

1144 |Strathcona and Kratka soils, depressional--------------------------------| 3,083 | 0.2

1152B |Sugarbush loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------| 665 | *

1152C |Sugarbush loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes-----------------------------| 838 | *

1152E |Sugarbush loamy sand, 15 to 30 percent slopes----------------------------| 370 | *

1233D |Esmond-Heimdal complex, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 3,472 | 0.3

1264 |Ulen loamy fine sand-----------------------------------------------------| 42,521 | 3.3

1278 |Rosewood-Venlo complex---------------------------------------------------| 3,796 | 0.3

1279 |Vallers-Hamerly complex--------------------------------------------------| 10,691 | 0.8

1280 |Gunclub silty clay loam--------------------------------------------------| 2,751 | 0.2

1283 |Reis-Clearwater complex--------------------------------------------------| 15,082 | 1.2

1297 |Augsburg very fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------| 4,756 | 0.4

1299 |Borup very fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------| 6,118 | 0.5

1304A |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------| 26,823 | 2.1

1304B |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------| 405 | *

1315A |Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------| 18,882 | 1.5

1323B |LaDelle silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded-----------| 502 | *

1325 |Bowstring-Fluvaquents complex, frequently flooded------------------------| 5,556 | 0.4

1356 |Water, miscellaneous-----------------------------------------------------| 1,319 | 0.1

1422 |Northwood muck, marl subsoil---------------------------------------------| 3,263 | 0.3

1866 |Colvin-Perella complex---------------------------------------------------| 100,239 | 7.9

1871 |Fargo silty clay, swales-------------------------------------------------| 1,053 | *

1874 |Radium loamy sand--------------------------------------------------------| 14,023 | 1.1

1878 |Hamre muck---------------------------------------------------------------| 6,284 | 0.5

1879 |Seelyeville muck, calcareous, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------| 4,038 | 0.3

1882 |Rosewood, Strathcona, and Berner soils, seepy----------------------------| 679 | *

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
38

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

1916 |Lindaas silty clay loam--------------------------------------------------| 2,893 | 0.2

1963 |Bearden-Colvin complex---------------------------------------------------| 194,148 | 15.3

1964 |Colvin-Fargo complex-----------------------------------------------------| 28,427 | 2.2

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 20,609 | 1.6

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 1,278,000 | 100.0

 | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
39

In this section, arranged in alphabetical order,

each soil series recognized in the survey area is

described. Each series description is followed by

descriptions of the associated detailed soil map

units.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in

which it formed are identified for each soil series. A

pedon, a small three-dimensional area of soil, that is

typical of the series in the survey area is described.

The detailed description of each soil horizon follows

standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” (USDA, 1993).

Many of the technical terms used in the descriptions

are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” (USDA, 1999). Unless

otherwise stated, colors in the descriptions are for

moist soil. Following the pedon description is the

range of important characteristics of the soils in the

series.

The map units on the detailed soil maps in this

survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in

the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this

section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses. More information

about each map unit is given in Part II of this survey.

A map unit delineation on the detailed soil maps

represents an area on the landscape and consists of

one or more soils or miscellaneous areas. A map unit

is identified and named according to the taxonomic

classification of the dominant soils. Within a

taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for

the properties of the soils. On the landscape,

however, the soils and miscellaneous areas are

natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range

of some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of

a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be

mapped without including areas of other taxonomic

classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of

the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named

and some “included” areas that belong to other

taxonomic classes.

Most included soils have properties similar to

those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit,

and thus they do not affect use and management.

These are called noncontrasting, or similar,

inclusions. They may or may not be mentioned in the

map unit description. Other included soils and

miscellaneous areas, however, have properties and

behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect

use or to require different management. These are

called contrasting inclusions. They generally are in

small areas and could not be mapped separately

because of the scale used. Some small areas of

strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are

identified by a special symbol on the maps. The

included areas of contrasting soils or miscellaneous

areas are mentioned in the map unit descriptions. A

few included areas may not have been observed, and

consequently they are not mentioned in the

descriptions, especially where the soil pattern was so

complex that it was impractical to make enough

observations to identify all the soils and

miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of included areas in a map unit in no

way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data.

The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into segments that have similar use and

management requirements. The delineation of such

landscape segments on the map provides sufficient

information for the development of resource plans, but

if intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite

investigation is needed to define and locate the soils

and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description

includes general facts about the unit. The principal

hazards and limitations to be considered in planning

for specific uses are described in Part II of this

survey.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of

the surface layer or of the underlying layers, all the

soils of a series have major horizons that are similar

in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer or of the underlying layers. They also

can differ in slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness,

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units
40 Soil Survey of

degree of erosion, and other characteristics that

affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a

soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the

areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of

soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly

indicates a feature that affects use or management.

For example, Chapett fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes, is a phase of the Chapett series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

complexes or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in

such small areas that they cannot be shown

separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of

the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat

similar in all areas. Waukon-Langhei complex, 2 to 6

percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be

mapped individually but are mapped as one unit

because similar interpretations can be made for use

and management. The pattern and proportion of the

soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are

not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of

the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be

made up of all of them. Haslie, Seelyeville, and

Cathro soils, ponded, is an undifferentiated group in

this survey area.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little

or no vegetation. The Pits component of the Pits,

gravel-Udipsamments complex is an example.

The table “Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils” in Parts I and II of this survey gives the

acreage and proportionate extent of each map unit.

Other tables (see Contents in Part II) give properties

of the soils and the limitations, capabilities, and

potentials for many uses. The Glossary defines many

of the terms used in describing the soils or

miscellaneous areas.

Arvilla Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid and very rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and lake plains

Parent material: Glacial outwash

Slope range: 1 to 4 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Udic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Arvilla sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, 1,100 feet

south and 400 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 8, T. 149 N., R. 40 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; very friable; common fine

roots; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

BA—8 to 11 inches; 90 percent dark brown (10YR

3/3) and 10 percent black (10YR 2/1) coarse

sandy loam; brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; 3 percent gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw—11 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) coarse sandy loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; 4 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2BC—16 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) coarse sand; single grain; loose; few very

fine roots; 8 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2C1—24 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; single

grain; loose; 6 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C2—44 to 68 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

coarse sand; single grain; loose; 26 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2C3—68 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 18

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 25 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Depth to sand and gravel: 14 to 25 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 6 percent gravel in the

A and Bw horizons and 5 to 35 percent in the 2C

horizon

Other features: Some pedons have a 2Bw or Bk

horizon.

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—1 to 4
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 41

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—coarse sand, sand, loamy sand, or

loamy coarse sand or the gravelly analogs of

these textures

341B—Arvilla sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent

slopes

Composition

Arvilla and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach plains and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 4 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Maddock and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Auganaush Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Mollic

Albaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Auganaush loam, 1,000 feet west and 100 feet north

of the southeast corner of sec. 5, T. 147 N., R. 36 W.

(Clearwater County):

A—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine

sandy loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; few fine

prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; 2 percent gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—9 to 18 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium angular blocky structure; very

firm; many faint dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) clay films

on faces of peds and in pores; 2 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—18 to 25 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strong

medium angular blocky structure; very firm; many

faint dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Btkg—25 to 32 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and olive yellow (5Y 6/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint

dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) clay films in old root

channels; common medium irregularly shaped

carbonates in seams and masses; 4 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bkg—32 to 60 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) clay

loam; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and olive yellow (5Y 6/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; common medium
42 Soil Survey of

irregularly shaped carbonates in seams and

masses; firm; 6 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 30 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 8 percent gravel

throughout

Other features: Some pedons have a thin B/E or E/B

horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or very

fine sandy loam

Btg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay

loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam

767—Auganaush loam

Composition

Auganaush and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Mahkonce and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Augsburg Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty over clayey,

mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Typic

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Augsburg very fine sandy loam, 300 feet east and

2,550 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 11, T.

147 N., R. 46 W.

Ap—0 to 12 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) very fine

sandy loam, very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) dry; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; few fine irregularly

shaped white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of carbonate;

slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

BAk—12 to 19 inches; 60 percent grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) and 40 percent black (2.5Y 2.5/1) very

fine sandy loam; common fine and medium
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 43

distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; few fine irregularly

shaped white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Bk—19 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

very fine sandy loam; common fine distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine

roots; common fine and medium irregularly

shaped white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of carbonate;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg1—25 to 39 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very fine sandy loam; common fine and medium

distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine and fine roots; common fine

and medium irregularly shaped white (2.5Y 8/2)

masses of carbonate and few fine rounded black

(2.5Y 2.5/1) iron-manganese concretions;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

2Bg2—39 to 54 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) clay;

massive; firm; common fine rounded and

irregularly shaped white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of

carbonate; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg1—54 to 68 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

massive; firm; common fine rounded and

irregularly shaped white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of

carbonate; 4 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg2—68 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

massive; firm; common fine faint olive (5Y 5/3)

redoximorphic concentrations; common fine

rounded white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of carbonate; 4

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Thickness of sandy or loamy material: 20 to 40

inches

Content of rock fragments: Typically none in the

upper material; 0 to 5 percent gravel in the 2Cg

horizon

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

BAk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Texture—loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, or

loamy very fine sand

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy

loam, silt loam, or loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy

loam, silt loam, very fine sand, or loam

2Bg and 2Cg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay; thin strata of very fine

sandy loam, silt loam, or loamy very fine sand

in some pedons

1297—Augsburg very fine sandy loam

Composition

Augsburg and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in
44 Soil Survey of

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Glyndon and similar soils

• Wheatville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Bearden Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained and

moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Bearden silty clay loam, in an area of Bearden-Fargo

complex, 1,805 feet west and 2,275 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 6, T. 150 N., R. 48 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—10 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; common very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) coatings of organic matter

on ped exteriors; few fine irregularly shaped light

gray (10YR 7/2) masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bk2—17 to 26 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very

friable; few fine irregularly shaped light gray

(10YR 7/1) masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C1—26 to 43 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; few medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate

medium platy structure; friable; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C2—43 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; few fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

platy structure; friable; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C3—58 to 71 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium platy structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

friable; few fine irregularly shaped white (2.5Y 8/2)

masses of carbonate and few fine rounded black

(2.5Y 2.5/1) iron-manganese concretions; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C4—71 to 82 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

weak medium platy structure; friable; few fine

irregularly shaped white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of

carbonate and few fine rounded black (2.5Y 2.5/1)

iron-manganese concretions; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 7

Chroma—1 to 4

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 7

Other features—strata of very fine sand in some

pedons
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 45

67A—Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

• Wheatville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

67B—Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Zell and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

93A—Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam
46 Soil Survey of

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

• Wheatville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

908—Bearden-Fargo complex

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 50 percent

Fargo and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Bearden—slight rises;

Fargo—flats and swales

Slope range: Bearden—0 to 2 percent; Fargo—0 to 1

percent

Component Description

Bearden

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

Fargo

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 7

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hegne and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

• Perella and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1963—Bearden-Colvin complex

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 50 percent

Colvin and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Bearden—flats and slight

rises; Colvin—swales (fig. 10)

Slope range: Bearden—0 to 2 percent; Colvin—0 to 1

percent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 47

Component Description

Bearden

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

Colvin

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fargo and similar soils

• Perella and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils

Figure 10.—A typical area of Bearden-Colvin complex. The Bearden soil is in the light-colored areas, and the poorly drained Colvin

soil is in the darker areas. These soils account for almost 200,000 acres in Polk County.
48 Soil Survey of

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Berner Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; middle part—

rapid; lower part—moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials over

glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, euic Terric

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Berner muck, 1,800 feet west and 1,250 feet north of

the southeast corner of sec. 33, T. 149 N., R. 44 W.

Oa1—0 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; weak

medium platy structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; very friable; many fine roots;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Oa2—12 to 32 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

few fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A—32 to 36 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy

loam; common fine faint dark gray (10YR 4/1)

redoximorphic depletions; massive; friable; 2

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bg—36 to 45 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand;

common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; single grain;

loose; 6 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cg1—45 to 58 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) fine sandy

loam; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; 5 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cg2—58 to 69 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; common medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; few fine irregularly

shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 5

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Cg3—69 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; many medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; 5 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to 2C material and carbonates: 30 to 45 inches

Thickness of the organic material: 16 to 34 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent gravel in

the mineral horizons

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fiber content of the muck is 10 to 40

percent unrubbed and 0 to 10 percent rubbed;

layers of mucky peat less than 10 inches thick

in some pedons

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy

fine sand

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy

fine sand

2Cg horizon:

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, or

sandy loam

733—Berner muck

Composition

Berner and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 49

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 17.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

87.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Northwood and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Borup Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Borup very fine sandy loam, 1,150 feet east and 1,200

feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 16, T. 150

N., R. 46 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) very fine sandy

loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

few fine roots; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg—10 to 22 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very fine

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine irregularly shaped

masses of carbonate; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg1—22 to 40 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loamy very fine sand; common medium distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; very friable; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—40 to 57 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very fine sand; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; very friable; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg3—57 to 71 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) very fine

sand; common fine and medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and few medium

prominent yellow (10YR 8/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; very friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg4—71 to 80 inches; light gray (5Y 7/1) very fine

sand; common fine and medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; very friable; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—very fine sandy loam or loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy

loam, loam, or silt loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—very fine sand, loamy very fine sand,

very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
50 Soil Survey of

348—Borup loam, depressional

Composition

Borup and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Augsburg and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1299—Borup very fine sandy loam

Composition

Borup and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Augsburg and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Bowstring Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid to moderately slow

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Organic material and alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Fluvaquentic

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Bowstring muck, in an area of Bowstring-Fluvaquents

complex, frequently flooded, 250 feet south and 220

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 151 N.,

R. 39 W.

Oa1—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) crushed and dry; weak fine

granular structure; loose; many fine roots; very
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 51

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Oa2—9 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; common fine prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine roots;

common prominent light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) discontinuous skeletans (sand) on horizontal

faces of peds; very slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

C—19 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sand; single grain; loose; common fine roots;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

O ́a—20 to 30 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck;

common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

platy structure parting to weak medium

subangular blocky; very friable; common fine

roots; many snail shells; common prominent light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) discontinuous

skeletans (sand) on horizontal faces of peds;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

C ́—30 to 31 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sand; single grain; loose; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

O ́ ́a—31 to 65 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; few

thin layers of light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine

sand; weak medium platy structure parting to

weak fine subangular blocky; very friable; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

C ́ ́—65 to 77 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sand; few fine distinct light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak

thin platy structure; friable; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

C ́ ́ ́—77 to 87 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; weak medium platy structure; friable;

neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: More than 51

inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fine sand, sand, or loamy sand

1325—Bowstring-Fluvaquents complex,

frequently flooded

Composition

Bowstring and similar soils: About 45 percent

Fluvaquents and similar soils: About 45 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: Bowstring—0 to 1 percent;

Fluvaquents—0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Bowstring

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic material and

alluvium

Flooding: Frequent

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

65 percent (very high)

Fluvaquents

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

alluvium

Flooding: Frequent

Water table depth: 1 foot above to 1 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.0 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

6.5 percent (high)

Taxonomic unit descriptions with range in

characteristics are included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
52 Soil Survey of

Inclusions

• Hamar and similar soils

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Hedman and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Brandsvold Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Brandsvold loam, 1,320 feet west and 1,450 feet

south of the northeast corner of sec. 18, T. 148 N., R.

43 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots in

cracks; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Btg—10 to 19 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy

clay loam; common fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y

4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to weak medium

subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots in

cracks; few faint very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bkg—19 to 36 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; common medium prominent light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and few medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak thin platy structure; friable;

few fine roots in cracks; few distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) carbonate coatings on horizontal

faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg1—36 to 52 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; common fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) and common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium platy soil

fragments; friable; few very fine roots in cracks;

few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) carbonate

coatings on horizontal faces of soil fragments; 5

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—52 to 68 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/3) fine sandy loam; common medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak thin and medium platy soil

fragments parting to weak fine subangular

blocky; firm; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1)

carbonate coatings on horizontal faces of soil

fragments; 4 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg3—68 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/3) fine sandy loam; common medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium platy soil fragments parting to

weak fine subangular blocky; firm; few distinct

light gray (10YR 7/1) carbonate coatings on

horizontal faces of soil fragments; 4 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 12 percent gravel

throughout

Other features: Some pedons have an E horizon 2 to 6

inches thick. Also, some pedons have a BC

horizon, and some pedons do not have a Bk

horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, sandy

loam, or loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 3
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 53

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

681—Brandsvold loam

Composition

Brandsvold and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fram and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Knute and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Bygland Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 12 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic Aquertic

Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Bygland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 1,100

feet east and 100 feet north of the southwest corner

of sec. 11, T. 148 N., R. 49 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure

parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm;

common fine roots; many faint very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) clay films on faces of peds; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—15 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay;

common fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate

coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few

very fine roots; many faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—29 to 37 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay;

common fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2)

redoximorphic depletions and many fine distinct

brown (7.5YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate thin platy structure; friable; few very

fine roots; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—37 to 47 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; common fine faint light gray (10YR

7/2) redoximorphic depletions and many fine

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

platy soil fragments (varving); firm; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

C2—47 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; common fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/2)

redoximorphic depletions and many fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate thick
54 Soil Survey of

platy soil fragments (varving); firm; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a Bk horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 5

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Other features—lenses of loamy very fine sand

or very fine sand

422A—Bygland silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Composition

Bygland and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Lindaas and similar soils

• Bearden and similar soils

• Overly and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

422B—Bygland silty clay loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Bygland and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 55

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Lindaas and similar soils

• Bearden and similar soils

• Overly and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

422C2—Bygland silty clay loam, 6 to 12

percent slopes, eroded

Composition

Bygland and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Lindaas and similar soils

• Zell and similar soils

• Fairdale and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Cathro Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid to

moderately slow; lower part—moderate or

moderately slow

Landform: Moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, euic Terric

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Cathro muck, 2,330 feet west and 1,450 feet north of

the southeast corner of sec. 10, T. 151 N., R. 39 W.

Op—0 to 10 inches; black (5YR 2/1) muck; about 30

percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak fine

granular structure; nonsticky; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Oa1—10 to 24 inches; black (5YR 2/1) muck; about 25

percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak medium

platy structure parting to weak medium

subangular blocky; nonsticky; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Oa2—24 to 42 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about 2

percent fiber, trace rubbed; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; nonsticky; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—42 to 46 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) loam; massive;

friable; 1 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg1—46 to 62 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations;
56 Soil Survey of

massive; friable; 4 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—62 to 70 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; few

discontinuous prominent black (2.5Y 2.5/1)

manganese stains on faces of peds and in pores;

2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg3—70 to 82 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common coarse prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; few discontinuous prominent black

(2.5Y 2.5/1) manganese stains on faces of peds

and in pores; 2 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 16 to 51 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 4 percent gravel in the

underlying material

O horizons:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 3

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

C horizons:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or 5BG

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or

clay loam

544—Cathro muck

Composition

Cathro and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 21.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

72.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Berner and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Hedman and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

• Cropland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Agronomy” section

Chapett Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 40 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Boralfic Udic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Chapett fine sandy loam (fig. 11), 2 to 6 percent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 57

slopes, 1,820 feet east and 2,220 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 29, T. 148 N., R. 43 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; friable; few fine

roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—8 to 13 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

friable; few fine roots; many light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) sand and silt coatings on ped faces

when dry; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3)

clay films on ped exteriors; 4 percent gravel;

slightly acid; gradual irregular boundary.

Bt2—13 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to weak medium

subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots;

common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

clay films on ped exteriors; 4 percent gravel;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk—19 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; weak thin platy structure; friable;

common prominent light gray (10YR 7/2)

carbonate threads and masses; 8 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

BCk—30 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

fine sandy loam; moderate coarse prismatic soil

fragments parting to moderate medium platy;

friable; few prominent light gray (10YR 7/2)

carbonate threads and masses; 10 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C—60 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3)

fine sandy loam; moderate coarse prismatic soil

fragments parting to moderate thick platy; firm;

common discontinuous distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) iron stains on fractures;

common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2)

carbonate coatings on faces of fragments; 8

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 22 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent gravel

Other features: Some pedons have a thin E or BE

horizon.

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, loam,

or sandy loam

Bk and BCk horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

20B—Chapett fine sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Chapett and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.7 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
58 Soil Survey of

Inclusions

• Brandsvold and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

• Knute and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

20C2—Chapett fine sandy loam, 6 to 12

percent slopes, eroded

Composition

Chapett and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.8 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Halverson and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

• Brandsvold and similar soils

• Knute and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

20D2—Chapett fine sandy loam, 12 to 20

percent slopes, eroded

Composition

Chapett and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 12 to 20 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.7 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Brandsvold and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

• Heimdal and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 59

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

20E—Chapett fine sandy loam, 20 to 40

percent slopes

Composition

Chapett and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits, backslopes, and

shoulder slopes

Slope range: 20 to 40 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Brandsvold and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

• Heimdal and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Clearwater Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Epiaquerts

Typical Pedon

Clearwater clay, 120 feet east and 1,870 feet south of

the northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 149 N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to

moderately fine subangular blocky; friable; few

very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bssg1—10 to 17 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine distinct olive (5Y 4/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate very fine angular

blocky; firm; 4 percent gravel; few intersecting

slickensides tilted less than 45 degrees from the

horizontal; cracks 1/2 inch to 3 inches wide and 2

to 4 feet apart filled with material from the A

horizon; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bssg2—17 to 30 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate very fine

angular blocky; firm; 4 percent gravel; few

intersecting slickensides tilted less than 60

degrees from the horizontal; cracks 1/4 to 1 inch

wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with material from

the A horizon; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg1—30 to 54 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

angular blocky soil fragments; firm; 4 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—54 to 68 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

angular blocky soil fragments; firm; 5 percent

gravel; common fine white (10YR 8/1) carbonate

threads; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
60 Soil Survey of

Cg3—68 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate fine and

medium angular blocky soil fragments; firm; 3

percent gravel; common fine irregularly shaped

white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 8 percent gravel

throughout

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—clay or loam

Bssg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—stratified silty clay, clay, or silty clay

loam below a depth of 36 inches in some

pedons

641—Clearwater clay

Composition

Clearwater and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.7 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Reis and similar soils

• Espelie and similar soils

• Thiefriver and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

642—Clearwater loam

Composition

Clearwater and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 61

Inclusions

• Huot and similar soils

• Wheatville and similar soils

• Reis and similar soils

• Espelie and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Colvin Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains, outwash channels, and flood

plains

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Colvin silty clay loam, 1,420 feet east and 500 feet

north of the southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 152 N., R.

49 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—9 to 18 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; few fine irregularly shaped

light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of carbonate;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—18 to 24 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; few medium faint light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) and few fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; few fine irregularly shaped light

gray (10YR 7/2) threads of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—24 to 54 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silt loam; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and distinct olive brown (2.5Y

4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate

medium platy soil fragments; friable; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C2—54 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; many medium prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) and dark reddish brown (5YR

3/2) redoximorphic depletions; moderate medium

platy soil fragments; friable; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C3—65 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt

loam; many medium and coarse prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6), common fine and medium

dark reddish brown (10YR 3/3), and many fine

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

platy soil fragments; friable; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 24 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—3 to 7

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—very fine sandy loam, silty clay loam, or

silt loam below a depth of 40 inches in some

pedons

47—Colvin silty clay loam

Composition

Colvin and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam
62 Soil Survey of

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Perella and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils

• Nielsville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

749—Colvin silt loam, occasionally

flooded

Composition

Colvin and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash channels and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: Occasional

Water table depth: At the surface to 1 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Darnen and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1866—Colvin-Perella complex

Composition

Colvin and similar soils: About 50 percent

Perella and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Colvin—flats; Perella—

swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Colvin

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 63

Perella

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1964—Colvin-Fargo complex

Composition

Colvin and similar soils: About 50 percent

Fargo and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Colvin—flats; Fargo—

swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Colvin

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

Fargo

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 7

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils

• Perella and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Darnen Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Colluvial material over glacial till

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Pachic Udic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Darnen loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, 300 feet west

and 2,000 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 9,

T. 144 N., R. 41 W. (Mahnomen County):

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky
64 Soil Survey of

structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—10 to 28 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw—28 to 38 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

BC—38 to 47 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) and dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 4

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C—47 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; friable; 4 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 48 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent throughout

A horizons:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

C horizon:

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

494B—Darnen loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Composition

Darnen and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Footslopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Colluvial material over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.7 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Brandsvold and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

• Hedman and similar soils

• Heimdal and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Deerwood Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic material over glaciolacustrine

deposits

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Histic

Humaquepts

Typical Pedon

Deerwood muck, 100 feet north and 1,600 feet east of

the southwest corner of sec. 15, T. 151 N., R. 39 W.

Oa—0 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck;
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 65

moderate very fine granular structure; friable;

many very fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—14 to 21 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—21 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy fine sand; few medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; few very fine roots; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg2—35 to 48 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand;

many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single grain;

loose; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg3—48 to 63 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg4—63 to 72 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single grain;

loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Cg5—72 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 4 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 8 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent gravel in

the mineral soil material

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand, loamy sand,

loamy coarse sand, sandy loam, coarse sandy

loam, or sand or the mucky analogs of these

textures

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand, sand, coarse sand, fine

sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand or the

gravelly analogs of these textures

547—Deerwood muck

Composition

Deerwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

70 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Markey and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

• Cropland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Agronomy” section
66 Soil Survey of

Eckvoll Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderate

Landform: Moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Eckvoll loamy fine sand, 75 feet north and 50 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 21, T. 149 N., R.

40 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; 70 percent very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) and 30 percent dark brown

(10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand; grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry; few fine faint very pale brown (10YR

7/3) redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

granular structure; very friable; common fine roots;

1 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E1—7 to 17 inches; 60 percent grayish brown (10YR

5/2) and 40 percent dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine

sand; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; single

grain; loose; common fine roots; 2 percent gravel;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

E2—17 to 26 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3)

and 30 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loamy fine sand; 70 percent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) and 30 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) dry; few fine faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) redoximorphic depletions in the lower

2 inches of the horizon; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots between peds; 1 percent gravel; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bt—26 to 35 inches; 60 percent dark brown (10YR

4/3) and 40 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy clay loam; common fine faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) redoximorphic

depletions; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; few fine roots between peds; few distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) patchy skeletans (sand

or silt) on vertical faces of peds; common very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) continuous and

few dark brown (10YR 3/3) discontinuous clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; 3 percent

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2C1—35 to 48 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) and 30 percent grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) fine sandy loam; common fine and medium

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak thin platy

structure; friable; few distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) patchy clay films in root channels and

pores; 4 percent gravel; common fine irregular

light gray (2.5Y 7/2) carbonate threads; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C2—48 to 61 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sandy loam; common fine distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) and few fine prominent

yellowish red (5YR 4/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak or moderate thin platy

structure; friable; 5 percent gravel; common fine

and medium irregular white (10YR 8/1) carbonate

threads; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2C3—61 to 72 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common fine prominent yellowish

red (5YR 4/6) and common fine and medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak or moderate thin platy

structure; friable; 5 percent gravel; common

medium irregular white (10YR 8/1) carbonate

threads; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2C4—72 to 85 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; many medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate thin platy structure;

friable; 6 percent gravel; common medium

irregular white (10YR 8/1) carbonate threads;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 48 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent gravel

throughout

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 36 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or

loamy sand

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 67

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam

2C horizon:

Value—4 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, sandy loam, or

clay loam

565—Eckvoll loamy fine sand

Composition

Eckvoll and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.1 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Esmond Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Udic Calciborolls

Typical Pedon

Esmond loam, in an area of Heimdal-Esmond

complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes, 450 feet east and 540

feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 31, T. 147

N., R. 40 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; 5

percent gravel; few fine yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) masses of carbonate; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk—8 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; 5 percent gravel; few fine

irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/2) masses of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C1—22 to 53 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; weak thin platy soil fragments;

friable; 5 percent gravel; few fine irregularly

shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of

carbonate on the lower surfaces of soil

fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C2—53 to 67 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; few fine prominent reddish brown

(5YR 4/4) relict redoximorphic concentrations;

weak thin platy soil fragments parting to weak

fine subangular blocky; firm; 4 percent gravel; few

fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses

of carbonate on the lower surfaces of soil

fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C3—67 to 80 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) fine

sandy loam; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) relict redoximorphic concentrations;

weak thin platy soil fragments parting to weak

fine subangular blocky; firm; 5 percent gravel; few

fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses

of carbonate on the lower surfaces of soil
68 Soil Survey of

fragments and few fine distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1)

manganese stains; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 10 percent gravel

throughout

Ap horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

1233D—Esmond-Heimdal complex, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded

Composition

Esmond and similar soils: About 60 percent

Heimdal and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Esmond—summits and

shoulder slopes; Heimdal—backslopes

Slope range: 12 to 20 percent

Component Description

Esmond

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.6 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

Heimdal

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hedman and similar soils

• Fram and similar soils

• Onstad and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Espelie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over clayey, mixed

over smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Espelie fine sandy loam, 750 feet south and 1,410

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 10, T. 147 N.,

R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) fine sandy

loam, very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; 2 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—9 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loamy fine sand; few fine distinct brown (10YR

5/3) redoximorphic concentrations and common

fine distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) redoximorphic

depletions; weak medium subangular blocky
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 69

structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—12 to 22 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loamy fine sand; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations and few fine distinct dark gray (5Y

4/1) redoximorphic depletions; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; 2

percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2Cg1—22 to 47 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay; common

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; 4 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

2Cg2—47 to 66 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

redoximorphic depletions; massive; very firm; few

medium irregular white (10YR 8/1) masses of

carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cg3—66 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine prominent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; very firm;

common medium irregular white (10YR 8/1)

masses of carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 10 percent gravel

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand,

or sand

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Texture—clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay

loam

645—Espelie fine sandy loam

Composition

Espelie and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.8 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Thiefriver and similar soils

• Huot and similar soils

• Hilaire and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Fairdale Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Flood plains and terraces
70 Soil Survey of

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Mollic Udifluvents

Typical Pedon

Fairdale silt loam, 1,850 feet south and 250 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 6, T. 155 N., R. 52 W.

(Walsh County, North Dakota):

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic;

common fine roots; many fine pores; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

C1—7 to 10 inches; fine strata of dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard,

friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common

fine roots; common fine pores; few large root

channels; few wormcasts; few snail-shell

fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

C2—10 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate very fine to medium subangular blocky

structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly

plastic; common fine roots; few large root

channels; many fine pores; few wormcasts; few

snail shells; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C3—16 to 48 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

and brown (10YR 5/3), stratified loam, silt loam,

and very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry;

few fine prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4)

redoximorphic concentrations in the lower part;

weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and

slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine

pores; few fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly

shaped masses of carbonate; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Ab1—48 to 60 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; few fine

prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky

and plastic; few roots and fine pores; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Ab2—60 to 67 inches; black (10YR 2/1) and olive

brown (2.5Y 4/3) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR

4/1) dry; massive; hard, friable, sticky and

plastic; many fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly

shaped masses of carbonate; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C ́—67 to 80 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) and

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry; massive; hard,

firm, sticky and plastic; many fine white (10YR

8/1) irregularly shaped masses of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

C horizon:

Chroma—1 to 4

Textures—loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay

loam, very fine sandy loam, or fine sandy

loam

667B—Fairdale silt loam, 1 to 6 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Composition

Fairdale and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains and terraces

Position on the landform: Rises

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Occasional

Water table depth: 3 to 5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 12.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 71

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Zell and similar soils

• Rauville and similar soils

• Fluvaquents and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

667C2—Fairdale silt loam, 6 to 15 percent

slopes, eroded, occasionally flooded

Composition

Fairdale and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains and terraces

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Occasional

Water table depth: 3 to 5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 12.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Zell and similar soils

• Rauville and similar soils

• Fluvaquents and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Fargo Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Epiaquerts

Typical Pedon

Fargo silty clay (fig. 12), in an area of Hegne-Fargo

complex, 2,300 feet west and 2,150 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 8, T. 152 N., R. 48 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bssg—10 to 20 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate coarse

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine

angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common

black (10YR 2/1) coatings of organic matter in

channels; common distinct black (5Y 2.5/1)

slickensides on vertical faces of peds; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Cg1—20 to 28 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay; few

fine prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm;

very sticky; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—28 to 51 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

common medium faint olive gray (5Y 4/2) and few

medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm;

very sticky; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg3—51 to 69 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; common fine prominent yellowish red

(5YR 4/6) and common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate thick platy structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; friable;
72 Soil Survey of

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg4—69 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; common medium prominent yellowish

red (5YR 4/6) and common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate thick platy structure;

friable; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 25 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 24 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a Bkg horizon.

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Chroma—0 or 1

Bssg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Cg horizon:

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

57A—Fargo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Composition

Fargo and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 7

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1871—Fargo silty clay, swales

Composition

Fargo and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Swales and depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Perella and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 73

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Flaming Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Aquic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Flaming loamy fine sand, 550 feet east and 110 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 25, T. 149 N., R.

42 W.

Ap—0 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak

medium subangular blocky structure parting to

weak fine granular; very friable; few fine roots;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—12 to 28 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine roots; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw2—28 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand;

few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; loose; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—36 to 45 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sand; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) and few fine distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; single grain;

loose; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

C2—45 to 56 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; common medium prominent olive yellow

(2.5Y 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

C3—56 to 67 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

fine sand; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; single grain; loose; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

C4—67 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) fine sand;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 40 to more than 80 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Ap horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand,

or sand

C horizon:

Value—4 to 6

Texture—fine sand or sand

66—Flaming loamy fine sand

Composition

Flaming and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.3 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamar and similar soils
74 Soil Survey of

• Ulen and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Huot and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Fluvaquents

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or rapid

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Recent alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy Fluvaquents

Typical Pedon

Fluvaquents, in an area of Bowstring-Fluvaquents

complex, frequently flooded, 1,700 feet west and 650

feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 33, T. 149 N.,

R. 41 W.

A—0 to 11 inches; black (N 2.5/0) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (N 3/0) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few strata of dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 4/2) loamy sand 1/4 to 1/2 inch thick;

many very fine and fine roots; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Cg—11 to 17 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy

fine sand; common fine distinct light olive yellow

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ab—17 to 19 inches; very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) silt

loam; weak thin platy structure; very friable;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

C ́g1—19 to 33 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) loamy sand;

common medium prominent light olive yellow

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C ́g2—33 to 37 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

A ́b—37 to 39 inches; dark olive brown (2.5Y 3/3) fine

sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

C ́ ́g—39 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy sand; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to more than 60 inches

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, silt loam, or very fine

sandy loam or the mucky analogs of these

textures

Cg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—variable

Ab horizons:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—variable

1006—Fluvaquents-Haploborolls

complex, 0 to 30 percent slopes

Composition

Fluvaquents and similar soils: About 45 percent

Haploborolls and similar soils: About 45 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Fluvaquents—flats and

swales; Haploborolls—backslopes and shoulder

slopes

Slope range: Fluvaquents—0 to 2 percent;

Haploborolls—2 to 30 percent

Component Description

Fluvaquents

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 75

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Flooding: Frequent

Water table depth: 1 foot above to 1 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

6.5 percent (high)

Haploborolls

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: Rare

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.7 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

Taxonomic unit descriptions with range in

characteristics are included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this map

unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is available in

the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of this

publication.

Inclusions

• Rauville and similar soils

• Fairdale and similar soils

• Zell and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Foldahl Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Foldahl loamy fine sand, 120 feet north and 510 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 15, T. 147 N., R.

45 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; few fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—9 to 12 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; neutral; few fine roots; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bw1—12 to 22 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—22 to 30 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine

sand; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and few fine

faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; single grain; loose; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

2C1—30 to 44 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; few fine distinct olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; 8 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C2—44 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

weak thin platy soil fragments; friable; 8 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

2C3—58 to 70 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

weak thin platy soil fragments; firm; 5 percent

gravel; common fine irregularly shaped white

(10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2C4—70 to 83 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

fine sandy loam; common medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak thin platy

soil fragments; firm; 6 percent gravel; few fine
76 Soil Survey of

irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of

carbonate and few fine black (10YR 2/1)

manganese stains; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 32 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent gravel in

the underlying till

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a C horizon in the

sandy sediment.

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Bw horizon:

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand, sand, loamy sand, or loamy

fine sand

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

426—Foldahl loamy fine sand

Composition

Foldahl and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.1 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Fram and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Foxhome and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Foxhome Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; middle

part—rapid; lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal over loamy,

mixed, superactive Aquic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Foxhome sandy loam, 600 feet north and 600 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 30, T. 148 N., R.

44 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; few very fine roots; 2

percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—10 to 15 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; very friable; few

fine roots; 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2Bw2—15 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 40

percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

3C1—23 to 54 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; common fine prominent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 77

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; friable; 2 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

3C2—54 to 69 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/3) fine sandy loam; common medium

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak and

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

soil fragments; friable; common fine irregularly

shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

3C3—69 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/3) fine sandy loam; common fine and medium

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky soil fragments; firm; common

fine irregularly shaped light gray (10YR 7/2)

masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 30 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

Bw horizon:

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

2Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand, very gravelly

loamy sand, or very gravelly sand

Content of rock fragments—35 to 70 percent

gravel

3C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, sandy loam, or

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

gravel

65—Foxhome sandy loam

Composition

Foxhome and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Mavie and similar soils

• Fram and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Fram Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained or

moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines
78 Soil Survey of

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Fram loam, 100 feet east and 300 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 147 N., R. 42 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 1

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk—9 to 22 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

weak thin platy structure; friable; few fine roots;

few black (10YR 2/1) wormcasts in channels;

common light gray (10YR 7/1) carbonate coatings

on faces of peds; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—22 to 45 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

loam; common medium distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions and few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; 5

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2—45 to 63 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; 3

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C3—63 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 10 percent gravel

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy

loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

296—Fram loam

Composition

Fram and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained or

moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 5.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

6.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hedman and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

• Heimdal and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 79

Glyndon Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—

moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

2,270 feet north and 180 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 2, T. 148 N., R. 46 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) very fine sandy

loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; very friable, slightly

sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bk1—8 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) very fine

sandy loam, light gray or gray (10YR 6/1) dry;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very

fine roots; common fine irregular masses of

carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk2—15 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine

sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable, slightly sticky and

nonplastic; common fine irregular masses of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Bk3—21 to 30 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) very fine sandy loam; common fine distinct

olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine irregular masses

of carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk4—30 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very fine sandy loam; common fine distinct light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine irregular masses

of carbonate; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C1—35 to 54 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy very fine sand; common medium

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and

distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; very

friable; very slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C2—54 to 67 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) loamy

very fine sand; common medium distinct olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; very friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

C3—67 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) loam;

common fine and medium prominent dark brown

(7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; very friable; 3 percent gravel; few fine

irregularly shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) masses

of carbonate; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 7

Texture—very fine sandy loam, silt loam, loamy

very fine sand, loam, or silty clay loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—very fine sandy loam, loamy very fine

sand, very fine sand, loam, or silt loam

1304A—Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0

to 2 percent slopes

Composition

Glyndon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet
80 Soil Survey of

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Borup and similar soils

• Wheatville and similar soils

• Bearden and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1304B—Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2

to 6 percent slopes

Composition

Glyndon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Borup and similar soils

• Bearden and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Grimstad Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid or rapid;

lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Grimstad fine sandy loam, 2,300 feet east and 810

feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 34, T. 154

N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

ABk—10 to 16 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine irregularly shaped white

(10YR 8/1) masses of carbonates; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—16 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; fine disseminated

carbonates; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C1—23 to 31 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; common fine prominent yellowish brown
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 81

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; very friable; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2C2—31 to 53 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; 5

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2C3—53 to 67 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

loam; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak thin platy

soil fragments parting to moderate fine

subangular blocky; friable; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

2C4—67 to 75 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

fine sandy loam; common fine and medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; 3

percent gravel; common fine very dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 3/2) manganese stains; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C5—75 to 86 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

loam; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; 6 percent gravel; common fine

dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) iron stains; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 10 percent gravel in

the underlying till

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy fine

sand, loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine

sand

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, clay loam, or silty

clay loam

59—Grimstad fine sandy loam

Composition

Grimstad and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.5 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Foldahl and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

• Hamerly and similar soils

• Huot and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section
82 Soil Survey of

Gunclub Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow; lower

part—very slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Gunclub silty clay loam, 1,250 feet west and 1,350 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 20, T. 150 N., R.

46 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—9 to 20 inches; 60 percent gray (10YR 5/1) and

40 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots;

common medium irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk2—20 to 34 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) silty clay loam; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine

irregularly shaped masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg1—34 to 54 inches; 60 percent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) and 40 percent olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; common medium prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky soil

fragments; firm; few very fine roots; few fine

irregularly shaped masses of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Cg2—54 to 68 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) clay;

common medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) and few fine prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; moderate thin and medium platy soil

fragments; very firm; few fine irregularly shaped

masses of carbonate; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg3—68 to 80 inches; 60 percent light gray (5Y 7/2)

and 40 percent pale olive (5Y 6/3) clay; common

medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR

5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; massive;

moderate medium platy soil fragments; very firm;

common fine irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; 4 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 24 inches

Depth to the 2C horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 7

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Cg horizon:

Value—4 to 7

Texture—silty clay loam or laminated silt loam and

silty clay loam

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 6 percent gravel

and cobbles, by volume

1280—Gunclub silty clay loam

Composition

Gunclub and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 83

Water table depth: 1.5 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Nielsville and similar soils

• Wheatville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Halverson Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderately slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Glacial outwash over till

Slope range: 1 to 15 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Arenic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Halverson loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes

(fig. 13), 1,170 feet south and 1,340 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 147 N., R. 43 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many

fine roots; 1 percent gravel; moderately acid;

abrupt wavy boundary.

E/A—10 to 15 inches; 65 percent grayish brown (10YR

5/2) and 35 percent very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand; light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine roots; slightly

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

E—15 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine

sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Bt1—23 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) very fine sandy loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine

roots; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; few faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

skeletans in root channels and pores; 7 percent

gravel and 1 percent cobbles; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt2—29 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

clay films on faces of peds and in root channels;

7 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bk1—35 to 39 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam;

weak medium platy structure; friable; many white

(10YR 8/2) carbonate coatings on peds; 6

percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bk2—39 to 55 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine

sandy loam; weak medium platy structure; firm;

common light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of

carbonate; 6 percent gravel and 2 percent

cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2C—55 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine

sandy loam; massive; firm; few strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) iron stains on faces of soil

fragments; few light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of

carbonate; 11 percent gravel and 3 percent

cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 26 to 55

inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

Other features: Some pedons have an A/E horizon.

Also, some pedons have a 2BC horizon, and

some pedons do not have a 2Bk horizon.

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

gravel
84 Soil Survey of

E horizon:

Value—3 to 5

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand,

or sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

gravel

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 13 percent

gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles

2Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, very fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 13 percent

gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 13 percent

gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles

735B—Halverson loamy fine sand, 1 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Halverson and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rises

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glacial outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.5 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Chapett and similar soils

• Foldahl and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

• Cropland

• Pasture

• Hayland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

• “Agronomy” section

735C—Halverson loamy fine sand, 6 to 15

percent slopes

Composition

Halverson and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glacial outwash over till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 85

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Chapett and similar soils

• Foldahl and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

• “Agronomy” section

Hamar Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hamar loamy fine sand, 2,500 feet west and 1,000 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 18, T. 147 N., R.

44 W.

A1—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A2—8 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loamy fine sand, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) dry; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

C—13 to 53 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—53 to 67 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) fine

sand; common fine prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Cg2—67 to 81 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; common fine and medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; single grain; loose; 1 percent

gravel; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 22 to more than 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Other features: Some pedons have an AC horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, or loamy

sand

372—Hamar loamy fine sand

Composition

Hamar and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Ulen and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils
86 Soil Survey of

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Hamerly Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained or

moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, 490 feet south

and 400 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 14,

T. 153 N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; 5

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk—9 to 20 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; 5 percent gravel; few

fine irregularly shaped light gray (10YR 7/2)

masses of carbonate; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—20 to 30 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; massive; friable; few fine gypsum crystals;

5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—30 to 50 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; 5 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C3—50 to 64 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

loam; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; subangular blocky

soil fragments; friable; 2 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C4—64 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; few medium prominent dark reddish brown

(5Y 3/2), common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6), and many fine and medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; platy soil fragments; friable; 5

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 8 percent gravel

Other features: Some pedons have an ABk horizon,

and some pedons have a Bky or By horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 7

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

184A—Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

Composition

Hamerly and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 87

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Vallers and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Hamre Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Organic material over till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

Typical Pedon

Hamre muck, 1,700 feet east and 110 feet south of the

northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 153 N., R. 46 W.

Oa—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about 10

percent fiber, trace rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

A—10 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky sandy

clay loam; few medium distinct dark gray (10YR

4/1) redoximorphic depletions; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; 3 percent rock

fragments; few fragments of snail shells; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Cg1—16 to 30 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) loam;

common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive;

friable; 8 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—30 to 52 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; common

fine prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and few fine

prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; 8

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg3—52 to 68 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) loam;

massive; firm; 10 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg4—68 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) loam;

massive; firm; 12 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 25 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, or

silt loam or the mucky analogs of these

textures

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam

1878—Hamre muck

Composition

Hamre and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface
88 Soil Survey of

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 13.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

90 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

• Hedman and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

• “Agronomy” section

Hangaard Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Beach plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hangaard sandy loam, 300 feet north and 1,650 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 1, T. 152 N., R. 46

W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—10 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) loamy sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; few

medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR

3/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Cg1—15 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; few medium distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; single grain; loose; 20 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Cg2—35 to 48 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

coarse sand; few fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 8 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg3—48 to 62 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

coarse sand; few fine prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 5 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg4—62 to 71 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

coarse sand; few medium prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; 5 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg5—71 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

coarse sand; few fine prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 12 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Depth to the C horizon: 7 to 20 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a thin Bg horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—1 or 2

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—gravelly coarse sand, coarse sand,

gravelly sand, or sand

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

gravel
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 89

111—Hangaard sandy loam

Composition

Hangaard and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Radium similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Haploborolls

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 2 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Haploborolls, in an area of Fluvaquents-Haploborolls

complex, 0 to 30 percent slopes, 1,250 feet west and

2,100 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 33, T.

150 N., R. 46 W.

A—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; 3 percent gravel;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bw—9 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; 2 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C—13 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) relict redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; 5 percent gravel; common fine

white (10YR 8/1) carbonate masses; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 16 inches

Content of gravel: 2 to 8 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, silty clay, or clay

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

Haslie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate or moderately

rapid; lower part—slow

Landform: Moraines, lake plains, and outwash plains

Parent material: Organic materials and coprogenous

earth

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent
90 Soil Survey of

Taxonomic classification: Coprogenous, euic Limnic

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Haslie muck, 1,600 feet north and 2,160 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 28, T. 147 N., R. 39 W.

Oa1—0 to 12 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1) broken

face and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) rubbed;

about 20 percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; very friable; many

fine roots; mostly herbaceous fiber; few snail

shells; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Oa2—12 to 30 inches; muck, black (10YR 2/1)

broken face and very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

rubbed; about 30 percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine roots; mostly

herbaceous fiber; few snail shells; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Cg1—30 to 39 inches; mucky silt loam (coprogenous

earth), about 70 percent olive gray (5Y 4/2) and

30 percent olive gray (5Y 5/2); common medium

distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1) redoximorphic

depletions; traces of fiber; massive; very friable;

slightly sticky; about 5 percent snail shells and

fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

Cg2—39 to 51 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) mucky

silt loam (coprogenous earth); common medium

faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions;

massive; very friable; slightly sticky; about 10

percent snail shells and fragments; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg3—51 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) mucky silt

loam (coprogenous earth); few medium faint olive

(5Y 5/3) redoximorphic concentrations; plant

detritus in channels; massive; very friable;

slightly sticky; about 7 percent snail shells and

fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to coprogenous earth: 16 to 50 inches

Content and size of woody fragments: 1/8 inch to 3

inches in diameter and about 0 to 15 percent, by

volume, in some pedons

Oa horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—dominantly sapric material, but the

range includes thin layers of hemic material

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or neutral

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—coprogenous earth

746—Haslie muck

Composition

Haslie and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

coprogenous earth

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 18.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

75 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 91

1113—Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro

soils, ponded

Composition

Haslie: Variable

Seelyeville: Variable

Cathro: Variable

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, outwash plains, and moraines

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Haslie

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

coprogenous earth

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 3 feet above the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 19.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

75 percent (very high)

Seelyeville

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 3 feet above the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

Cathro

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over till or

glacial outwash

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 4.0 feet above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 21.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

72.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Markey and similar soils

• Berner and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Hattie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 6 to 18 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Hapluderts

Typical Pedon

Hattie clay, 6 to 18 percent slopes, eroded, 2,000 feet

north and 300 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 16, T. 150 N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; strong medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 2

percent gravel; common round fine white (10YR

8/2) masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkss—8 to 24 inches; olive (5Y 4/3) clay; strong

coarse subangular blocky structure parting to

strong fine angular blocky; firm; few very fine and

fine roots; common distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1)

slickensides on vertical faces of peds; 2 percent
92 Soil Survey of

gravel; few irregular fine and medium white

(10YR 8/2) masses of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—24 to 56 inches; olive (5Y 4/3) clay; common

fine prominent yellow (2.5Y 7/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive but with strong fine

angular blocky soil fragments; firm; 2 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C2—56 to 68 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

and common fine prominent light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate fine and medium angular blocky soil

fragments; firm; 3 percent gravel; many fine and

medium irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1)

masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C3—68 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay;

common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak or moderate fine or medium

angular blocky soil fragments; firm; 5 percent gravel;

many fine and medium irregularly shaped white

(10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 8 percent gravel

Content of clay: 35 to 60 percent

Other features: Some pedons have a Bw or BC

horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, or clay loam

C horizon:

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, or clay loam

185D2—Hattie clay, 6 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded

Composition

Hattie and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Side slopes of drainageways

Slope range: 6 to 18 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.8 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Zell and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Hedman Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hedman loam (fig. 14), 300 feet south and 2,600 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 1, T. 147 N., R.

42 W.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 93

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) loam, dark gray

(2.5Y 4/1) dry; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; 1 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

A—8 to 11 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; common medium

prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

redoximorphic depletions; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

fine roots; 1 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bkg—11 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

many medium irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1)

masses of carbonate; 3 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg1—20 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) and yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm;

common fine roots; common fine irregularly

shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 5

percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—32 to 55 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

fine sandy loam; common fine distinct dark gray

(2.5Y 4/1) redoximorphic depletions; common

fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

and few fine prominent dark reddish brown (5Y

3/4) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm;

few very fine roots; common fine irregularly

shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 5

percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg3—55 to 68 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) fine sandy

loam; many fine prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; common fine irregularly shaped

white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 4 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

Cg4—68 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sandy loam; common fine prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; common fine irregularly shaped

white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 5 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Depth to free carbonates: Less than 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 10 percent gravel

Other features: Some pedons have a Bg horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Chroma—0 to 2

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam

1117—Hedman loam

Composition

Hedman and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.7 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
94 Soil Survey of

Inclusions

• Fram and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1121—Hedman loam, depressional

Composition

Hedman and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 7

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Northwood and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Fram and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1142—Hedman-Fram complex

Composition

Hedman and similar soils: About 50 percent

Fram and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Hedman—flats; Fram—rises

Slope range: Hedman—0 to 2 percent; Fram—0 to 3

percent

Component Description

Hedman

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

Fram

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 5.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

6.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 95

Inclusions

• Esmond and similar soils

• Heimdal and similar soils

• Onstad and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Hegne Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Calciaquerts

Typical Pedon

Hegne silty clay, in an area of Hegne-Fargo complex,

2,350 feet north and 150 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 8, T. 152 N., R. 48 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

ABk—9 to 15 inches; 70 percent black (10YR 2/1)

and 30 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay; dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; common masses of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual irregular boundary.

Bkss—15 to 25 inches; 90 percent light brownish

gray (2.5Y 6/2) and 10 percent dark gray (10YR

4/1) silty clay; few fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak

medium subangular blocky structure parting to

weak fine subangular blocky; friable; common

distinct intersecting slickensides tilted less than

45 degrees from the horizontal; cracks 1

/4 inch to

3 inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with

material from the A horizon; many irregularly

shaped masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C1—25 to 40 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/1)

clay; few fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

redoximorphic concentrations and few fine distinct

dark gray (5Y 4/1) redoximorphic depletions;

massive; firm; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C2—40 to 57 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; common medium distinct olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) and few fine prominent dark brown

(7.5YR 3/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; few fine nests of gypsum; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C3—57 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; few medium prominent yellowish red

(5YR 4/6) and few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak

thin platy structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; friable; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C4—65 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; many medium prominent yellowish red

(5YR 4/6) and few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate thick platy structure; friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay or clay

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

935—Hegne-Fargo complex

Composition

Hegne and similar soils: About 50 percent

Fargo and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent
96 Soil Survey of

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Hegne—flats; Fargo—

swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Hegne

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.4 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

Fargo

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 7

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

• Perella and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Heimdal Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Udic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Heimdal loam, in an area of Heimdal-Esmond

complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes, 1,800 feet east and

1,200 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 2, T.

147 N., R. 42 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few medium roots; 5

percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—10 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common black

(10YR 2/1) coatings of organic matter on faces of

peds; few black (10YR 2/1) wormcasts in

channels; 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bw2—14 to 22 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/4) loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots;

common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

streaks on ped exteriors; 8 percent gravel; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bk—22 to 33 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine

sandy loam; weak medium platy structure; friable;

common fine irregularly shaped light gray (10YR

7/2) threads of carbonate; 10 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C1—33 to 54 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; massive; friable; common fine

irregularly shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) threads

of carbonate; 10 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C2—54 to 68 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; massive; firm; 5 percent gravel;

common fine black (2.5Y 2.5/1) manganese

stains; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C3—68 to 81 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; common medium prominent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 97

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) relict redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; 5 percent gravel;

common fine black (2.5Y 2.5/1) manganese

stains; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 26 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent gravel

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 to 5

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

827B—Heimdal-Esmond complex, 2 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Heimdal and similar soils: About 60 percent

Esmond and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Heimdal—backslopes;

Esmond—summits and shoulder slopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Heimdal

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

Esmond

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hedman and similar soils

• Onstad and similar soils

• Fram and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

827C2—Heimdal-Esmond complex, 6 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Composition

Heimdal and similar soils: About 50 percent

Esmond and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Heimdal—backslopes;

Esmond—summits and shoulder slopes

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Heimdal

Texture of the surface layer: Loam
98 Soil Survey of

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

Esmond

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

2.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hedman and similar soils

• Onstad and similar soils

• Fram and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Hilaire Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over clayey, mixed

over smectitic Aquic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Hilaire loamy fine sand, 2,560 feet south and 2,310

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 10, T. 147 N.,

R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

2 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw1—10 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; 1

percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw2—16 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; 2 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Bk—25 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; 2 percent gravel;

few fine light gray (2.5Y 7/2) rounded masses of

carbonate; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg1—58 to 70 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine and

medium angular blocky soil fragments; firm; 3

percent gravel; few fine light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

rounded masses of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg2—70 to 83 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common fine prominent brown (10YR 5/3)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine and

medium angular blocky soil fragments; firm; 2

percent gravel; few fine light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

rounded masses of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 6 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 99

Figure 11.—A representative profile of Chapett fine sandy loam. The argillic horizon is

between the depths of 27 and 40 centimeters.
100 Soil Survey of

Figure 12.—A representative profile of Fargo silty clay. The high content of clay and the

shrink-swell potential of this soil cause cracking during dry periods. The cracking results

in tonguing of the darker material from the surface layer into the subsoil. The tongues in

this profile extend from a depth of 40 to 60 centimeters.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 101

Figure 13.—A representative profile of Halverson loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes. This

well drained soil has about 24 inches of sandy material over loamy glacial till. The argillic

horizon in this profile occurs at a depth of 23 to 35 inches. Several animal burrows are in

the upper sandy sediments.
102 Soil Survey of

Figure 14.—A representative profile of Hedman loam. An accumulation of calcium carbonates

is at a depth of 8 to 20 inches.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 103

Figure 15.—A representative profile of Knute fine sandy loam. The argillic horizon occurs

between the depths of 60 and 90 centimeters.
104 Soil Survey of

Figure 16.—A representative profile of Lindaas silty clay loam. The dark surface layer is

typically more than 16 inches thick, and the underlying argillic horizon ranges from 10 to

23 inches in thickness.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 105

Figure 17.—A representative profile of Onstad loam. A zone of

carbonate accumulation is at a depth of 60 centimeters.

Figure 18.—A representative profile of Sandberg loamy sand.

This soil formed in beach deposits from glacial Lake

Agassiz. Note the layers in the subsoil and substratum.
106 Soil Survey of

Figure 19.—A representative profile of Thiefriver fine sandy loam. This soil has about 30

inches of sandy material over clay. An accumulation of calcium carbonate is between the

depths of about 12 and 23 inches.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 107

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy

fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

2Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam

647—Hilaire loamy fine sand

Composition

Hilaire and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.6 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Espelie and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Huot and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Huot Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over clayey, mixed

over smectitic Aquic Calciborolls

Typical Pedon

Huot fine sandy loam, 1,500 feet west and 2,600 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 32, T. 151 N., R.

46 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; few fine roots; very slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ak—10 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine

sandy loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; few fine irregularly shaped white

(10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—14 to 26 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand; weak fine subangular structure;

very friable; few fine irregularly shaped white

(10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 1 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

C1—26 to 34 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sand; common medium distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; single grain;

loose; 2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
108 Soil Survey of

2C2—34 to 58 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common fine distinct very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) redoximorphic depletions; moderate

medium prismatic soil fragments parting to

moderate fine angular; firm; 1 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2C3—58 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; few

fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

prismatic soil fragments; firm; 1 percent gravel;

few fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1)

masses of carbonate; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand,

fine sandy loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or

loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent gravel

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent gravel

643—Huot fine sandy loam

Composition

Huot and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.7 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Thiefriver and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Knute Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Knute fine sandy loam (fig. 15), 170 feet east and 490
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 109

feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 6, T. 148 N.,

R. 43 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; friable; common

fine roots; few sand grains coating faces of peds;

3 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—7 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

firm; few fine roots; many faint very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; 5

percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 18 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) sandy

clay loam; common fine distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions and few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on

faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

Bk—18 to 36 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

weak medium platy structure; friable; many fine

light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate filaments and

masses in internal planes; 5 percent gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—36 to 47 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium platy soil

fragments; friable; common fine light gray (10YR

7/2) carbonate filaments and masses in internal

planes; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2—47 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak thin platy soil fragments;

friable; common fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly

shaped masses of carbonate; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

C3—65 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common fine and medium faint light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak thin platy soil fragments;

friable; common fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly

shaped masses of carbonate; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bt horizon:

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, loam,

or sandy loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

670—Knute fine sandy loam

Composition

Knute and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)
110 Soil Survey of

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Brandsvold and similar soils

• Hedman and similar soils

• Chapett and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Kratka Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained or very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—moderate

or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Kratka fine sandy loam, 800 feet west and 2,500 feet

south of the northeast corner of sec. 17, T. 153 N., R.

46 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and medium roots; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bw—10 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loamy fine sand, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) dry; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and

common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; common fine and medium roots;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—15 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loamy fine sand; few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; friable;

common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Cg1—25 to 36 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; common very fine roots; common fine white

(10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; 5 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg2—36 to 52 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm;

common fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped

masses of carbonate; 4 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Cg3—52 to 66 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; many fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; common fine white (10YR 8/1)

irregularly shaped masses of carbonate; 3

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2Cg4—66 to 82 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; many fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; very firm; common fine white (10YR

8/1) irregularly shaped masses of carbonate; 5

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 45 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

gravel

Bw or Bg horizon:

Value—3 to 6
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 111

Chroma—1 or 2 in the upper part; 1 to 4 in the

lower part

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand, loamy sand,

or sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent gravel

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent

481—Kratka fine sandy loam

Composition

Kratka and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.1 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

LaDelle Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive

Cumulic Udic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

LaDelle silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded, 300 feet west and 250 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 15, T. 148 N., R. 49 W.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

very slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

A—11 to 20 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam; weak fine and medium granular structure;

friable; common fine and very fine roots; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk—20 to 29 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; common fine white (10YR 8/1)

irregularly shaped masses of carbonate; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Akb—29 to 38 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; many

fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped masses

of carbonate and common fine white (10YR 8/1)

irregularly shaped carbonate threads; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

B ́k1—38 to 55 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

white (10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate and common fine white (10YR 8/1)

irregularly shaped carbonate threads; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

B ́k2—55 to 69 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium
112 Soil Survey of

subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine white

(10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C—69 to 82 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay;

massive; firm; many fine white (10YR 8/1)

irregularly shaped masses of carbonate and

common fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped

carbonate threads; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 17 to 50 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, or loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, loam, or silt

loam with thin strata of sand, silt, clay loam, or

clay

1323B—LaDelle silt loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Composition

LaDelle and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Occasional

Water table depth: 3.5 to 5.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 12.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fairdale and similar soils

• Rauville and similar soils

• Zell and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Langhei Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Eutrochrepts

Typical Pedon

Langhei loam, in an area of Langhei-Waukon complex,

12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded, 1,300 feet west and

2,550 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 23, T.

147 N., R. 40 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; 60 percent very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) and 40 percent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) loam; 60 percent grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and 40 percent light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and medium roots;

common fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1)

masses of carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bk—7 to 19 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and medium roots;

common fine and medium irregularly shaped

white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of carbonate; 2 percent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 113

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

BCk—19 to 36 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

loam; weak and moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and very

fine roots; common fine irregularly shaped white

(2.5Y 8/2) masses of carbonate; 2 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

C1—36 to 57 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

loam; massive but with moderate fine or medium

subangular blocky soil fragments; friable;

common fine and medium irregularly shaped

white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of carbonate and

common fine and medium rounded dark brown

(10YR 4/3) clay bodies; 2 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C2—57 to 68 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

loam; massive but with moderate fine subangular

blocky soil fragments; firm; common fine

irregularly shaped white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of

carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C3—68 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

loam; massive; firm; few fine irregularly shaped

white (2.5Y 8/2) masses of carbonate; 2 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent gravel

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—1 or 2

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

979D2—Langhei-Waukon complex, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded

Composition

Langhei and similar soils: About 55 percent

Waukon and similar soils: About 35 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Langhei—summits and

shoulder slopes; Waukon—summits and

backslopes

Slope range: 12 to 20 percent

Component Description

Langhei

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.75 percent (moderately low)

Waukon

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Hamerly and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:
114 Soil Survey of

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Lindaas Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Lindaas silty clay loam (fig. 16), 1,800 feet west and

100 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 36, T.

149 N., R. 49 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 17 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; friable; few faint very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces

of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—17 to 24 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

strong fine angular blocky; firm; few faint dark gray

(10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—24 to 29 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) silty clay; few fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) redoximorphic depletions; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular

blocky; firm; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

clay films on faces of peds; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk—29 to 40 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; few fine prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine irregularly shaped light gray

(10YR 7/2) masses of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg1—40 to 62 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; few fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

platy soil fragments; friable; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—62 to 80 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) silty

clay loam; massive; friable; few fine irregularly

shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 18 to 35 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 36 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Cg horizon:

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

1916—Lindaas silty clay loam

Composition

Lindaas and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 1.5 feet below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 115

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Bygland and similar soils

• Overly and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Linveldt Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Linveldt fine sandy loam, 2,390 feet north and 200 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 16, T. 151 N., R.

39 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; common very fine

roots; 3 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt—9 to 16 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; 6 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw1—16 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

gravelly loamy sand; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; 18

percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bw2—24 to 29 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) sand; common medium distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) redoximorphic depletions

and few medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; few fine cylindrical strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron-manganese; 13

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

3Bk—29 to 45 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; common fine discontinuous

prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) ironmanganese stains on vertical faces of peds; 5

percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; common

fine and medium irregular light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

masses of carbonate; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

3Cg1—45 to 58 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

many medium prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) and few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; common discontinuous prominent

dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) iron-manganese stains on

vertical faces of peds; 6 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

3Cg2—58 to 71 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; common discontinuous distinct

black (5Y 2.5/1) iron-manganese stains on vertical

faces of peds; 6 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

3Cg3—71 to 82 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine and medium prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; common discontinuous distinct

black (5Y 2.5/1) iron-manganese stains on vertical

faces of peds; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

gravel
116 Soil Survey of

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

gravel

2Bw horizon:

Texture—loamy sand, sand, fine sand, or loamy

fine sand

Content of rock fragments—2 to 25 percent

gravel and cobbles

3Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

gravel and cobbles

3C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, clay loam, or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

gravel and cobbles

713—Linveldt fine sandy loam

Composition

Linveldt and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.7 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Foldahl and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Lizzie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive

Boralfic Udic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Lizzie silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, 1,225 feet west

and 2,060 feet north of the southeast corner of sec.

29, T. 147 N., R. 43 W.

Ap—0 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine and fine

granular structure; very friable; few fine and

common very fine roots between peds; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt—14 to 24 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few very fine roots; patchy faint light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) clean sand grains on vertical faces of

peds; continuous faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay

films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—24 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine irregularly shaped light gray

(10YR 7/2) carbonate threads and masses;
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 117

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C1—36 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; few

fine irregularly shaped light gray (10YR 7/2)

carbonate threads and masses; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

C2—58 to 67 inches; stratified 80 percent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) very fine sandy loam and 20

percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy

very fine sand; massive; very friable; 1 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

C3—67 to 72 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

silt loam; moderate thin platy soil fragments

parting to weak fine angular blocky; friable;

common fine irregularly shaped light gray (10YR

7/2) masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C4—72 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silt

loam; common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR

6/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate thin

platy soil fragments parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; friable; common fine irregularly

shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 17 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 2 percent gravel

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or loam with 18 to 35 percent

clay

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or very

fine sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified silt loam, very fine sandy loam,

loamy very fine sand, or fine sand

707A—Lizzie silt loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes

Composition

Lizzie and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Brandsvold and similar soils

• Chapett and similar soils

• Maddock and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Maddock Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains and outwash plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 1 to 30 percent
118 Soil Survey of

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Udorthentic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Maddock loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes, 300

feet east and 110 feet north of the southwest corner of

sec. 19, T. 147 N., R. 44 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

fine sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw—10 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) fine sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; single grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

C1—15 to 45 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine

sand; single grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

C2—45 to 64 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sand; single grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

C3—64 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

fine sand; single grain; loose; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bw horizon:

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, or loamy

sand

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, or loamy

sand

45B—Maddock loamy fine sand, 1 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Maddock and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamar and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

45C—Maddock loamy fine sand, 6 to 12

percent slopes

Composition

Maddock and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Rises, summits, and

backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 119

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamar and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

45E—Maddock loamy fine sand, 12 to 30

percent slopes

Composition

Maddock and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 12 to 30 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.5 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Serden and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Mahkonce Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic Aquic

Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Mahkonce loam, 2,600 feet south and 250 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 4, T. 147 N., R. 36 W.

(Clearwater County):

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; many fine roots; 2 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sandy

loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; weak thin

platy structure; very friable; many fine roots; 2

percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—9 to 18 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay; few

fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; strong medium angular

blocky structure; very firm; common medium

roots; many distinct very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores;

2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—18 to 26 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay;
120 Soil Survey of

common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) redoximorphic depletions and common

medium distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; strong medium

angular blocky structure; very firm; few medium

roots; many distinct very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

BC—26 to 34 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; common medium distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions and common

medium distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few medium

roots; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) clay films in old root channels; 6 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

C—34 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; common medium distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions and common

medium distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; 5

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 30 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 8 percent gravel

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam or loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

loam

BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam

737—Mahkonce loam

Composition

Mahkonce and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rises

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.9 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Auganaush and similar soils

• Naytahwaush and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Markey Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 121

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow to

moderately rapid; lower part—rapid

Landform: Outwash plains, lake plains, and moraines

Parent material: Organic material over glaciolacustrine

deposits

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy or sandy-skeletal,

mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Markey muck, 950 feet west and 160 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 15, T. 151 N., R. 39 W.

Oa—0 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about 20

percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; nonsticky; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Oe—12 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky peat;

about 60 percent fiber, 25 percent rubbed; weak

thick platy structure; nonsticky; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

O ́a—17 to 32 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about 5

percent fiber, trace rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; nonsticky; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Cg1—32 to 41 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few medium distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; loose; 4

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—41 to 52 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; massive; loose; 3 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg3—52 to 63 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose;

1 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg4—63 to 72 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg5—72 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; many fine and medium prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; 4 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 16 to 51 inches

Content of woody fragments: 0 to 15 percent, by

volume

Fiber content: 10 to 65 percent unrubbed, 0 to 15

percent rubbed (up to 30 percent rubbed in hemic

layers)

Oa and Oe horizons:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR, 2.5YR, or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 3

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4

Texture—sand, fine sand, or loamy sand

containing up to 15 percent gravel

543—Markey muck

Composition

Markey and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, outwash plains, and moraines

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

glacial outwash or glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1 foot above to 1 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 14.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

70 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Berner and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Hamar and similar soils
122 Soil Survey of

• Syrene and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Marquette Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—very rapid

Landform: Beach ridges

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ochreptic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes, 2,000

feet east and 1,900 feet north of the southwest corner

of sec. 25, T. 150 N., R. 40 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and very fine

granular structure; very friable; common very fine

and fine roots; 10 percent gravel; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt—8 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

very gravelly sandy loam; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common

discontinuous distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

very fine and fine roots; 25 percent gravel and 15

percent cobbles; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

C1—18 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine

roots around cobbles; 25 percent gravel and 10

percent cobbles; common prominent light gray

(10YR 7/2) carbonate coatings on the lower

surfaces of cobbles; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

C2—30 to 53 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 30

percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; common

prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate

coatings on the lower surfaces of cobbles; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C3—53 to 65 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 30

percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C4—65 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly

coarse sand; single grain; loose; 25 percent gravel

and 15 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 8 to 30 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a thin E horizon.

A horizon:

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Content of rock fragments—0 to 30 percent gravel

and cobbles

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam or the

very gravelly or extremely gravelly analogs of

these textures

Content of rock fragments—35 to 65 percent

gravel and cobbles

C horizon:

Chroma—2 to 5

Texture—gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly coarse sand or sand

Content of rock fragments—10 to 75 percent

gravel and cobbles

242B—Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8

percent slopes

Composition

Marquette and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 123

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.5 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Maddock and similar soils

• Chapett and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

242D—Marquette loamy sand, 8 to 30

percent slopes

Composition

Marquette and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 8 to 30 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.3 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Maddock and similar soils

• Chapett and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Mavie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—moderate

or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal over loamy,

mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Mavie fine sandy loam, 200 feet south and 720 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 34, T. 154 N., R.

46 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; 1 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ak—8 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; 1 percent gravel; few fine light gray (10YR

7/2) irregularly shaped masses of carbonate;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

2Cg1—16 to 24 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very gravelly sand; few fine distinct olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; single
124 Soil Survey of

grain; loose; 45 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg2—24 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very gravelly coarse sand; few fine prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; single grain; loose; 50 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

3Cg3—30 to 48 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; 5 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

3Cg4—48 to 61 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

and common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; 5 percent gravel;

few fine black (10YR 2/1) manganese stains;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

3Cg5—61 to 72 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine and medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; 4 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

3Cg6—72 to 81 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; 5 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a Bk horizon,

which has properties similar to those of the Ak

horizon.

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

Ak horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or

sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—very gravelly or extremely gravelly sand,

coarse sand, or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—35 to 75 percent

gravel

3Cg horizon:

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

412—Mavie fine sandy loam

Composition

Mavie and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.3 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Foxhome and similar soils
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 125

• Hamre and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Naytahwaush Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic Mollic

Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Naytahwaush loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, 1,500 feet

south and 800 feet west of the northeast corner of sec.

25, T. 147 N., R. 40 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; common fine roots; 5

percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 17 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay;

moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few

fine roots; many prominent very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) continuous clay films on faces

of peds and in pores; 5 percent gravel; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—17 to 22 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay loam;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; many

prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

continuous clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Btk—22 to 31 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

weak medium subangular blocky; friable; many

prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

continuous clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk1—31 to 54 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) relict redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk2—54 to 67 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and

few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) relict

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm;

common fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1)

masses of carbonate; 4 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk3—67 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

common fine and medium distinct light yellowish

brown (10YR 6/4) and few fine prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) relict redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; common fine

irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of

carbonate; 4 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 21 to 40 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 8 percent gravel and

cobbles

Other features: Some pedons have a thin E horizon.

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

loam

Btk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

loam

Bk horizon:

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 5

Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam

C horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 5

Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam
126 Soil Survey of

718B—Naytahwaush loam, 2 to 8 percent

slopes

Composition

Naytahwaush and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Auganaush and similar soils

• Langhei and similar soils

• Mahkonce and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

718C—Naytahwaush loam, 8 to 15 percent

slopes

Composition

Naytahwaush and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Auganaush and similar soils

• Langhei and similar soils

• Mahkonce and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

718E—Naytahwaush loam, 15 to 30

percent slopes

Composition

Naytahwaush and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 15 to 30 percent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 127

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Auganaush and similar soils

• Langhei and similar soils

• Mahkonce and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Nielsville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow; lower

part—very slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Nielsville silty clay loam, 800 feet east and 450 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 147 N., R.

48 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; few fine irregularly shaped masses

of carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg1—9 to 17 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; common fine irregularly

shaped masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bkg2—17 to 28 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) silty

clay loam; many fine and medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

common fine irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—28 to 45 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) silty

clay loam; common fine and medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; platy soil fragments; firm;

few fine irregularly shaped masses of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

2Cg2—45 to 63 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

clay; common fine prominent reddish yellow

(7.5YR 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; angular blocky soil fragments; very firm;

few fine threads and masses of carbonate; 5

percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Cg3—63 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common fine and medium prominent reddish

yellow (7.5YR 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; angular blocky soil fragments; very firm;

common medium irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 24 inches

Depth to the 2C horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2
128 Soil Survey of

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or laminated silty clay

loam and silt loam

2Cg horizon:

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—clay or silty clay with a noncarbonate

clay content ranging from 40 to 70 percent

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent gravel

1119—Nielsville silty clay loam

Composition

Nielsville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Perella and similar soils

• Gunclub and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1122—Nielsville-Perella complex

Composition

Nielsville and similar soils: About 50 percent

Perella and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Nielsville—flats; Perella—

swales

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Nielsville

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

Perella

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 129

Inclusions

• Gunclub and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Northwood Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; middle

part—rapid; lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic material and glaciolacustrine

deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

Typical Pedon

Northwood muck, 370 feet north and 290 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 16, T. 151 N., R. 39 W.

Oa—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; moderate

very fine granular structure; many very fine roots;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—9 to 16 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

fine sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—16 to 31 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy

fine sand; many medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; very friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt

wavy boundary.

2Cg1—31 to 55 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; many medium prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; 3 percent gravel; few fine

irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of

carbonate; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2Cg2—55 to 67 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; 3

percent gravel; few distinct very dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 3/2) discontinuous manganese

stains on faces of peds and in pores; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg3—67 to 81 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; many

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; 4

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 8 to 16 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 60 inches

Depth to the 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Content of woody fragments—0 to 15 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy coarse sand,

loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand, coarse sand, sand,

fine sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or 5GY

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or

silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent gravel

563—Northwood muck

Composition

Northwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains
130 Soil Survey of

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

67.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Berner and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Agronomy” section

1422—Northwood muck, marl subsoil

Composition

Northwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over till or

glacial outwash

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 13.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

67.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Berner and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Agronomy” section

Onstad Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Onstad loam (fig. 17), 1,060 feet west and 240 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 1, T. 147 N., R.

42 W.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 131

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; 2

percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—10 to 17 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) fine

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky;

friable; common very fine roots; 2 percent gravel

and 1 percent cobbles; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bk1—17 to 31 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) very fine sandy loam; weak thin platy

structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common fine irregularly shaped very pale brown

(10YR 7/3) masses of carbonate; 5 percent

gravel and 1 percent cobbles; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk2—31 to 47 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

very fine sandy loam; common fine distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; moderate thin platy structure parting

to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; common

very fine roots; common fine irregularly shaped

very pale brown (10YR 7/3) masses of

carbonates; 2 percent gravel and 1 percent

cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk3—47 to 66 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) very fine sandy loam; few medium distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; moderate medium platy structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

friable; common fine irregularly shaped very pale

brown (10YR 7/3) masses of carbonate; few fine

rounded yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations in peds; 3 percent

gravel and 1 percent cobbles; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—66 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine

sandy loam; few coarse distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; moderate

thick platy soil fragments; firm; common fine

irregularly shaped very pale brown (10YR 7/3)

masses of carbonate; 3 percent gravel and 1

percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 30 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 10 percent gravel

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, very fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam,

loam, or sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam,

loam, or sandy loam

671—Onstad loam

Composition

Onstad and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this
132 Soil Survey of

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hedman and similar soils

• Esmond and similar soils

• Heimdal and similar soils

• Fram and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Overly Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive

Pachic Udic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Overly silty clay loam, 860 feet west and 2,200 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 148 N., R.

49 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—10 to 18 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—18 to 24 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bk1—24 to 32 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

silty clay loam; common fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) redoximorphic

depletions; weak thin platy structure; friable;

common light gray (10YR 7/2) threads and

masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2—32 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; common fine prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 3/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

weak thin platy structure; friable; common light

gray (10YR 7/2) threads of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C1—46 to 67 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

stratified silty clay loam and silt loam; common

medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium platy

soil fragments; friable; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

C2—67 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

stratified silty clay and silt loam; common fine

prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) and many fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate thick

platy soil fragments; firm; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 36 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 30 inches

Clay content: 27 to 35 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—stratified silty clay loam, silt loam, silty

clay, or clay loam

506—Overly silty clay loam

Composition

Overly and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 133

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 3 to 5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Lindaas and similar soils

• Bygland and similar soils

• Bearden and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

• Perella and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Perella Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine sediments

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Perella silty clay loam, in an area of Colvin-Perella

complex, 200 feet west and 1,400 feet south of the

northeast corner of sec. 1, T. 153 N., R. 50 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—10 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; few fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bg—16 to 23 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak coarse

prismatic structure parting to moderate very fine

angular blocky; firm; many black (10YR 2/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bkg1—23 to 31 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; few fine prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak

thin platy soil fragments; friable; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bkg2—31 to 53 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; common fine prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak

thin platy soil fragments; friable; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bkg3—53 to 62 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silt loam; many fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations and few fine distinct dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak

thin platy soil fragments parting to moderate fine

and medium subangular blocky; friable; common

medium irregularly shaped pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4)

masses of carbonate; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg1—62 to 74 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; many fine and medium prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; friable; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—74 to 80 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; many fine and medium prominent dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/2) redoximorphic

depletions; massive; friable; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 36 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches
134 Soil Survey of

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or silt loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 5

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam with an

average clay content of 18 to 35 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—stratified silty clay loam, silt loam, or

silt

1030—Pits, gravel-Udipsamments

complex

Composition

Pits, gravel: About 70 percent

Udipsamments: About 20 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and lake plains

Slope range: 1 to 50 percent

Component Description

Pits, gravel

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Udipsamments

Texture of the surface layer: Sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciofluvial deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.0 inches (low)

A taxonomic unit description of Udipsamments with

range in characteristics is included, in alphabetical

order, in this section. Additional information specific to

this map unit is available in the “Soil Properties”

section in Part II of this publication.

Inclusions

• Marquette and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Maddock and similar soils

Radium Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Beach ridges

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Aquic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Radium loamy sand, 1,590 feet south and 100 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 147 N., R. 45

W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; common fine

roots; 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—10 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loamy sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common fine roots; 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bw—14 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots between

peds; 25 percent gravel; few distinct white (10YR

8/2) patchy carbonate coatings on gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C1—32 to 46 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand;

common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

redoximorphic depletions; single grain; loose; few

fine roots matted around stones; 8 percent gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

C2—46 to 58 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; few medium distinct olive

brown (2.5Y 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; 18 percent gravel; very few

distinct white (10YR 8/2) patchy carbonate

coatings on gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C3—58 to 71 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) gravelly

coarse sand; single grain; loose; 20 percent

gravel; common distinct white (10YR 8/2) patchy

carbonate coatings on gravel; slightly
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 135

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C4—71 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 23

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 17 inches

Content of rock fragments: Averages 10 to 35 percent

gravel in the 10- to 40-inch particle-size control

section

Other features: Some pedons have an AC horizon,

and some pedons have a Bk horizon.

Bw horizon:

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy sand, sand, loamy fine sand,

gravelly sand, or gravelly loamy coarse sand

C horizon:

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—gravelly coarse sand, sand, coarse

sand, fine sand, or loamy coarse sand

1874—Radium loamy sand

Composition

Radium and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.6 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Syrene and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Rauville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Cumulic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Rauville silty clay loam, 600 feet east and 1,300 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 150 N., R.

47 W.

A1—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and medium roots; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

A2—10 to 22 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine and medium

subangular blocky; friable; common fine and

medium roots; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

A3—22 to 36 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and medium roots; strongly
136 Soil Survey of

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Cg1—36 to 52 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; many medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; few fine roots; few fine shell

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2—52 to 65 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6 and 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; few fine shell

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg3—65 to 75 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) silty clay; common fine and medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6 and 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; few

fine shell fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg4—75 to 82 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay;

common fine and medium prominent reddish

yellow (7.5YR 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; 1 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 60 inches

Other features: Some pedons have an Ak horizon and

a Bkg horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Chroma—0 to 2

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam; silty clay, clay

loam, or loam below a depth of 40 inches in

some pedons

450—Rauville silty clay loam

Composition

Rauville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Oxbows

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Frequent

Water table depth: At the surface to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fairdale and similar soils

• LaDelle and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Reiner Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Abruptic Udic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Reiner fine sandy loam, 210 feet west and 1,930 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 150 N., R. 40

W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; few roots; 2 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 137

Bt1—9 to 13 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) clay loam;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few

roots; many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay

films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—13 to 20 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay

loam; few medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; firm; common distinct very

dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) clay films on faces

of peds; 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk—20 to 32 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

common medium distinct light grayish brown (2.5Y

6/2) redoximorphic depletions; massive; firm; 8

percent gravel; common fine irregularly shaped

light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C1—32 to 47 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) and common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium platy soil fragments;

firm; 8 percent gravel; few fine irregularly shaped

light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of carbonate; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C2—47 to 63 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

loam; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; 6 percent gravel; few fine dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) manganese stains;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

C3—63 to 71 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

loam; many fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) and few fine yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C4—71 to 83 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

loam; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) and common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; 4

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 13 to 22 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bt horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

C horizon:

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

650—Reiner fine sandy loam

Composition

Reiner and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils
138 Soil Survey of

• Kratka and similar soils

• Foldahl and similar soils

• Linveldt and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Reis Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Calciaquerts

Typical Pedon

Reis clay, in an area of Reis-Clearwater complex,

1,270 feet west and 190 feet north of the southeast

corner of sec. 1, T. 147 N., R. 48 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; few fine prominent light brownish

gray (2.5Y 6/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; friable; many fine

roots; common fine rounded light gray (10YR 7/2)

masses of carbonate; 2 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A/Bk—9 to 17 inches; about 60 percent very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) clay occurring as tongues (A)

and 40 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay (Bk);

60 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) (A) and 40

percent white (2.5Y 8/2) (Bk) dry; common fine

and medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

redoximorphic depletions; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; friable; many fine roots; 2

percent gravel; common fine irregularly shaped

light gray (2.5Y 7/2) masses of carbonate;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Bkss1—17 to 24 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

clay, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; common

fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

redoximorphic depletions and many fine and

medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak and

moderate medium subangular blocky structure

parting to weak very fine subangular blocky;

friable; common fine roots; few distinct

intersecting slickensides tilting less than 45

degrees from the horizontal; cracks 1

/4 inch to 3

inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with

material from the A horizon; few prominent very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) patchy organic coatings on

vertical and horizontal faces of peds; 2 percent

gravel; common fine irregularly shaped light gray

(2.5Y 7/2) threads of carbonates; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bkss2—24 to 33 inches; 60 percent olive gray (5Y

4/2) and 40 percent olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay; light

olive gray (5Y 6/2) dry; common fine prominent

brown (7.5YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

weak and moderate medium subangular blocky

structure parting to weak very fine subangular

blocky; friable; few fine roots between peds; few

distinct intersecting slickensides tilting less than

60 degrees from the horizontal; cracks 1/4 inch to 2

inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with

material from the A horizon; very few prominent

dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) patchy manganese or

iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of peds;

common fine irregularly shaped light gray (2.5Y

7/2) threads of carbonate; 5 percent gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bkg—33 to 42 inches; 60 percent olive gray (5Y 4/2)

and 40 percent olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) clay;

common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; strong medium

angular blocky structure parting to moderate very

fine subangular blocky; firm; very few prominent

yellowish red (5YR 4/6) patchy manganese or

iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of peds;

few fine irregularly shaped light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

threads of carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg1—42 to 60 inches; 60 percent olive gray (5Y 4/2)

and 40 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay;

common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; strong medium

prismatic soil fragments parting to moderate fine

angular blocky; firm; very few prominent reddish

brown (5YR 5/4) and dark reddish brown (5YR

3/2) patchy iron-manganese stains on vertical

faces of soil fragments; common fine irregularly
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 139

shaped light gray (2.5Y 7/2) threads of carbonate;

2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—60 to 72 inches; olive (5Y 4/3) clay; common

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations and faint olive gray

(5Y 4/2) redoximorphic depletions; strong medium

prismatic soil fragments parting to moderate fine

angular blocky; firm; very few prominent dark

reddish brown (5YR 2/2) discontinuous ironmanganese stains on vertical and horizontal

faces of soil fragments; few medium cylindrical

nests of gypsum; common fine irregularly

shaped light gray (2.5Y 7/2) threads of

carbonate; 4 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—72 to 82 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations and common fine

distinct gray (5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions;

strong coarse prismatic soil fragments parting to

moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm;

dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) manganese or ironmanganese stains on faces of soil fragments; very

few light gray (2.5Y 7/2) discontinuous carbonate

coatings on vertical and horizontal faces of soil

fragments; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 18 inches

Content of rock fragments: 1 to 10 percent gravel

throughout

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Bkss horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or 5GY

Value—4 to 6

Texture—clay or silty clay

1283—Reis-Clearwater complex

Composition

Reis and similar soils: About 50 percent

Clearwater and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Reis—flats; Clearwater—

swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Reis

Texture of the surface layer: Clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

Clearwater

Texture of the surface layer: Clay

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils

• Thiefriver and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland
140 Soil Survey of

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Roliss Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Roliss loam, 2,350 feet west and 560 feet north of the

southeast corner of sec. 15, T. 151 N., R. 39 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; few fine distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; few

very fine roots; 4 percent gravel; very slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—9 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; few fine distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky;

friable; few very fine roots; 5 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg—14 to 20 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; 5 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg1—20 to 45 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; friable; few very fine roots; 5 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg2—45 to 59 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and few fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; few

very fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1)

masses of carbonate; 4 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg3—59 to 70 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; common and many fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few

fine yellowish red (5YR 5/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; few fine irregularly

shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 4

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg4—70 to 82 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) and few fine yellowish red (5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; few

discontinuous distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1)

manganese stains on faces of peds and in pores;

3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 19 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 15 percent gravel

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Chroma—0 or 1

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, loam, silt loam, or fine sandy

loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

387—Roliss loam, depressional

Composition

Roliss and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 141

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1 foot above to 1 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.7 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamre and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

582—Roliss loam

Composition

Roliss and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 5

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamre and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Rosewood Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Rosewood fine sandy loam, 110 feet east and 1,370

feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 10, T. 150

N., R. 46 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

1 percent gravel; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk—10 to 17 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy
142 Soil Survey of

loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) redoximorphic concentrations in the lower 3

inches; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; 2 percent

gravel; few fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly

shaped masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg1—17 to 30 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; many medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; few fine roots; 2 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—30 to 58 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

sand; common medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 4 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg3—58 to 68 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) sand; few

fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg4—68 to 80 inches; light gray (5Y 7/2) sand; few

fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent gravel

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine

sand, or loamy sand

Cg horizon:

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

712—Rosewood fine sandy loam

Composition

Rosewood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Hamar and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1278—Rosewood-Venlo complex

Composition

Rosewood and similar soils: About 50 percent

Venlo and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rosewood—flats; Venlo—

depressions

Slope range: Rosewood—0 to 2 percent; Venlo—0 to 1

percent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 143

Component Description

Rosewood

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

Venlo

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1 foot above to 1 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1882—Rosewood, Strathcona, and Berner

soils, seepy

Composition

Rosewood: Variable

Strathcona: Variable

Berner: Variable

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Seeps on side slopes

Slope range: Rosewood—0 to 2 percent; Strathcona—0

to 2 percent; Berner—0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Rosewood

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 1 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

Strathcona

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.7 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 6

percent (high)

Berner

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials over

glaciolacustrine deposits or till
144 Soil Survey of

Flooding: None

Water table depth: At the surface to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 13.8 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

87.5 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Vallers and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Sandberg Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—very

rapid

Landform: Beach ridges

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Udorthentic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Sandberg loamy sand (fig. 18), 1 to 6 percent slopes,

150 feet south and 75 feet west of the northeast

corner of sec. 32, T. 148 N., R. 44 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; many

fine roots; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

AB—10 to 14 inches; 70 percent very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) and 30 percent dark brown (10YR

3/3) loamy sand; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; common fine roots; 5 percent gravel;

slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—14 to 19 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) and dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak

medium and fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; common fine roots; 10 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

C1—19 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) and yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly sand; single grain;

loose; few fine roots; 20 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

C2—25 to 38 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) and very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) sand; single grain; loose;

few fine roots; 10 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

C3—38 to 51 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) and very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) gravelly sand; single

grain; loose; 25 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C4—51 to 65 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 20 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

C5—65 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sand; single grain; loose; 3 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent gravel

Other features: Some pedons have a Bk horizon.

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand,

or coarse sand or the gravelly analogs of these

textures

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—sand or coarse sand or the gravelly

analogs of these textures
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 145

258B—Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Sandberg and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.9 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

258C—Sandberg loamy sand, 6 to 12

percent slopes

Composition

Sandberg and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Halverson and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

258E—Sandberg loamy sand, 12 to 30

percent slopes

Composition

Sandberg and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 12 to 30 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand
146 Soil Survey of

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Halverson and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Seelyeville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid to moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Parent material: Organic material

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Seelyeville muck, 2,100 feet west and 2,000 feet

south of the northeast corner of sec. 7, T. 148 N., R.

42 W.

Oa1—0 to 20 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about 5

percent fiber, trace rubbed; weak thin platy

structure parting to weak medium subangular

blocky; very friable; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Oa2—20 to 36 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about

20 percent fiber, 3 percent rubbed; weak thin platy

structure parting to weak medium subangular

blocky; very friable; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Oa3—36 to 51 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about

2 percent fiber, trace rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Oa4—51 to 65 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about

2 percent fiber, trace rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg—65 to 80 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam; massive; very friable; 2 percent gravel;

slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: 51 to more than 100

inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2 (broken face or rubbed)

Fiber content—less than 25 percent unrubbed and

less than 10 percent rubbed

Cg horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or 5BG

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

540—Seelyeville muck

Composition

Seelyeville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 147

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

• Haslie and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

1879—Seelyeville muck, calcareous, 0 to

3 percent slopes

Composition

Seelyeville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

62 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Berner and similar soils

• Haslie and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Serden Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Eolian deposits

Slope range: 6 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Typic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Serden fine sand, 6 to 30 percent slopes, 700 feet

east and 750 feet north of the southwest corner of sec.

32, T. 147 N., R. 44 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sand,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; loose; many fine roots; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

C1—3 to 36 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand;

single grain; loose; common fine roots; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

C2—36 to 62 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sand; single grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

C3—62 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand;

single grain; loose; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 36 to 60 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand; layers of sand in some

pedons
148 Soil Survey of

573D—Serden fine sand, 6 to 30 percent

slopes

Composition

Serden and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 30 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Eolian deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Maddock and similar soils

• Hamar and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Smiley Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Smiley loam, 2,400 feet west and 1,300 feet north of

the southeast corner of sec. 5, T. 151 N., R. 39 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium

roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Btg—10 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; few fine

distinct light olive yellow (2.5Y 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine and medium roots; common distinct

black (5Y 2.5/1) clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bkg1—18 to 27 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many

very fine roots; many fine white (10YR 8/1)

irregularly shaped masses of carbonate; 2 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Bkg2—27 to 36 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam;

common fine prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) and common fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

white (10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; 3 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bkg3—36 to 50 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; common fine and medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; many fine white (10YR 8/1)

irregularly shaped masses of carbonate and few

fine black (10YR 2/1) rounded iron-manganese

concretions; 3 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bkg4—50 to 61 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6 and 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; few fine black (10YR 2/1)

rounded iron-manganese concretions; 4 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 149

Cg1—61 to 73 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; few fine

black (10YR 2/1) rounded iron-manganese

concretions; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg2—73 to 85 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; few fine black (10YR

2/1) rounded iron-manganese concretions; 5

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 26 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 10 percent gravel

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam

Bkg horizon:

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 to 4

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

765—Smiley loam

Composition

Smiley and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Reiner and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Strathcona Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid or rapid;

lower part—moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Strathcona fine sandy loam, 1,100 feet west and 200

feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 9, T. 147 N.,

R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; few very fine roots; 5 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.
150 Soil Survey of

Bkg—10 to 17 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) fine sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few very fine roots; 3 percent gravel;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg1—17 to 30 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) fine sand;

few fine distinct olive (5Y 4/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to single grain; very friable; 6

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg2—30 to 51 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium prominent light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; friable; 5 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg3—51 to 66 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

massive; firm; few fine irregularly shaped white

(10YR 8/1) carbonate coatings; 4 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cg4—66 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; few fine irregularly

shaped white (10YR 8/1) carbonate coatings and

few fine black (10YR 2/1) manganese stains; 4

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent gravel

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 or 1

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam in the

upper part; grades to loamy fine sand or loamy

sand in the lower part

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand, or

loamy sand

2Cg horizon:

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or clay loam

439—Strathcona fine sandy loam

Composition

Strathcona and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.3 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Hedman and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 151

• “Agronomy” section

1144—Strathcona and Kratka soils,

depressional

Composition

Strathcona: Variable

Kratka: Variable

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Depressions

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Strathcona

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

15 percent (very high)

Kratka

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot below the

surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Ponding duration: Long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.8 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

15 percent (very high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Berner and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Sugarbush Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and moraines

Parent material: Glacial outwash deposits

Slope range: 1 to 30 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Sugarbush loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes, 1,450

feet east and 1,250 feet north of the southwest corner

of sec. 36, T. 147 N., R. 39 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium

roots; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—4 to 10 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; many fine and very fine

roots; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—10 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

3/4) sandy loam; weak and moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

and very fine roots; common prominent dark

brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay bridges between sand

grains; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—15 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR
152 Soil Survey of

3/4) coarse sandy loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common

prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay bridges

between sand grains; common fine and very fine

roots; 8 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bw—20 to 25 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) loamy

coarse sand; weak and moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and very fine roots; 12 percent

gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2C1—25 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sand; massive; loose; 25 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2C2—42 to 58 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sand; massive; loose; 25 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C3—58 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly sand; massive; loose; 30 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 30 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

gravel

E horizon:

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loamy sand or loamy coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

gravel

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam or coarse sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

gravel

2Bw horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, sand,

or coarse sand or the gravelly analogs of these

textures

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

gravel

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—gravelly sand or gravelly coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

gravel

1152B—Sugarbush loamy sand, 1 to 8

percent slopes

Composition

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.0 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

• Naytahwaush and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 153

1152C—Sugarbush loamy sand, 8 to 15

percent slopes

Composition

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 8 to 15 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.8 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

• Naytahwaush and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

1152E—Sugarbush loamy sand, 15 to 30

percent slopes

Composition

Sugarbush and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 15 to 30 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Outwash deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

0.75 percent (low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Marquette and similar soils

• Naytahwaush and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Syrene Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Beach plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Syrene sandy loam, 1,700 feet east and 2,000 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 30, T. 149 N., R.

44 W.
154 Soil Survey of

Ap—0 to 11 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) sandy loam,

very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; very friable; common fine roots; 1

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bkg1—11 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

sandy loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry;

common fine faint very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) and common fine prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; common fine roots; 2 percent gravel;

common round fine light gray (10YR 7/1) masses

of carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bkg2—18 to 28 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly sand; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine distinct

very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) redoximorphic

depletions; single grain; loose; few fine roots

matted at top of horizon; 30 percent gravel;

common round fine white (10YR 8/2) masses of

carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg1—28 to 37 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) sand;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 10 percent gravel; common irregular

medium white (10YR 8/2) masses of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt

wavy boundary.

2Cg2—37 to 57 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly sand; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; single grain; loose; 18 percent

gravel; common irregular fine light gray (10YR 7/1)

masses of carbonate on pebbles; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg3—57 to 71 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; common fine prominent

yellow (10YR 7/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; 28 percent gravel; few

prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate

coatings in channels and pores; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg4—71 to 83 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; common fine prominent

yellow (10YR 7/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; 20 percent gravel; few

prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate

coatings in channels and pores; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Thickness of the loamy mantle: 12 to 24 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

gravel

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or very

fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

gravel

2Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or

loamy coarse sand or the gravelly analogs of

these textures

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

gravel

2Cg horizon:

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sand or coarse sand or the gravelly

analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

gravel

435—Syrene sandy loam

Composition

Syrene and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 155

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.2 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Wyrene and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Thiefriver Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits over till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over clayey, mixed

over smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Thiefriver fine sandy loam (fig. 19), 1,500 feet west

and 1,700 feet south of the northeast corner of sec.

15, T. 149 N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; 2 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium platy

structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bkg1—12 to 14 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy

fine sand; few fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; 4

percent gravel; few fine irregularly shaped light

gray (10YR 7/2) masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bkg2—14 to 19 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy fine sand; few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; 1 percent gravel; few fine irregularly

shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of

carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg3—19 to 23 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy fine sand; few fine prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) and few fine distinct light

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) redoximorphic

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel; few fine

irregularly shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) threads of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—23 to 32 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine

sand; common fine distinct light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2Cg2—32 to 54 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay;

common fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) and brown (7.5YR 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate very fine

and fine angular blocky soil fragments; firm; 4

percent gravel; few fine irregularly shaped white

(10YR 8/1) threads of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cg3—54 to 68 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) clay;

common medium prominent light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/3) redoximorphic concentrations; massive;

firm; 3 percent gravel; few fine irregularly shaped

white (10YR 8/1) threads of carbonate; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cg4—68 to 80 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) clay;

common fine prominent light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) redoximorphic concentrations;
156 Soil Survey of

massive; firm; 4 percent gravel; many fine

irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) threads of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Thickness of sandy material: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

Bk horizon:

Value—4 to 7

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine

sandy loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand, loamy sand,

or sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

gravel

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent gravel

651—Thiefriver fine sandy loam

Composition

Thiefriver and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

over till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.0 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Espelie and similar soils

• Huot and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Udipsamments

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Outwash plains and lake plains

Parent material: Glaciofluvial deposits

Slope range: 1 to 50 percent

Taxonomic classification: Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Udipsamments, in an area of Pits, gravelUdipsamments complex, 1,700 feet east and 1,050

feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 150

N., R. 45 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand; single

grain; loose; 10 percent rock fragments; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

C1—4 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) coarse sand;

single grain; loose; 15 percent rock fragments;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C2—30 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sand; common medium faint yellowish brown
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 157

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; 10 percent rock fragments; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Content of rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—3 to 7

Chroma—1 to 6

Ulen Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Aeric

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Ulen loamy fine sand, 2,500 feet east and 200 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 16, T. 150 N., R.

46 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; few fine roots; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bk—10 to 20 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine irregularly shaped

light gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate threads; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C1—20 to 36 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

fine sand; few fine distinct light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) redoximorphic depletions; single grain;

loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

C2—36 to 59 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2),

stratified fine sand and very fine sand; common

medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose,

nonsticky; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C3—59 to 68 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3),

stratified fine sand and very fine sand; few

medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose;

slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

C4—68 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2),

stratified fine sand and very fine sand; few fine

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and few

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Content of rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent gravel

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand,

or sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—dominantly fine sand or loamy fine sand;

layers of sand, coarse sand, or very fine sand

included in the range

1264—Ulen loamy fine sand

Composition

Ulen and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.2 inches (moderate)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 2

percent (moderate)
158 Soil Survey of

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

• Huot and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Vallers Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Vallers loam, 1,000 feet east and 500 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 149 N., R. 41 W.

Ap—0 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, gray

(10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common

medium light gray (10YR 7/1) irregularly shaped

masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bkg1—14 to 22 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay loam; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few fine irregularly shaped light gray (5YR

7/1) masses of carbonate; 2 percent gravel;

violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

wavy boundary.

Bkg2—22 to 35 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine

irregularly shaped light gray (5YR 7/1) masses of

carbonate; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—35 to 67 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay loam; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky soil fragments; firm; common

fine irregularly shaped light gray (5YR 7/1)

masses of carbonate; few fine very dark gray

(2.5YR 3/0) rounded iron-manganese

concretions; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg2—67 to 86 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay loam; many fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky soil

fragments; firm; few medium irregularly shaped

light gray (5YR 7/1) masses of carbonate; 7

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 8 percent gravel

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, 5Y, or neutral

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

236—Vallers loam

Composition

Vallers and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 159

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.3 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

6.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamre and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Hamerly and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

1279—Vallers-Hamerly complex

Composition

Vallers and similar soils: About 50 percent

Hamerly and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Vallers—flats; Hamerly—

slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Vallers

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.2 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

6.5 percent (high)

Hamerly

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Roliss and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Venlo Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Endoaquolls
160 Soil Survey of

Typical Pedon

Venlo fine sandy loam, in an area of Rosewood-Venlo

complex, 1,345 feet east and 700 feet north of the

southwest corner of sec. 22, T. 148 N., R. 44 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; common fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—10 to 15 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loamy fine sand; few fine distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—15 to 26 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few medium distinct olive brown (2.5YR 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg3—26 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg4—46 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; common medium prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations;

single grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Cg5—58 to 69 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) fine

sand; few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR

6/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single grain;

loose; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Cg6—69 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; common fine and medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; single grain; loose; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or neutral

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand, loamy sand,

or sand

W—Water

Component Description

• Naturally occurring basins of surface water

1356—Water, miscellaneous

Component Description

• Small manmade areas that are used for industrial,

sanitary, or mining applications and that contain water

most of the year

Waukon Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 2 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Mollic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Waukon loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, 100 feet east and

1,700 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 14, T.

148 N., R. 39 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E—6 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and very fine roots; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—8 to 14 inches; 90 percent dark brown (10YR

4/3) (B) and 10 percent dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) (E) fine sandy loam; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many

fine and very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 23 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common fine and medium roots;

very few faint black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings in

root channels and pores and few distinct black

(10YR 2/1) clay films on vertical and horizontal

faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—23 to 29 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay

loam; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) relict redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; common fine and medium roots; very few

distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings in root

channels and pores and very few distinct black

(10YR 2/1) clay films on vertical and horizontal
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 161

faces of peds; slightly effervescent; 2 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk1—29 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common fine and very fine roots;

very few distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings

in root channels and pores; many fine white (10YR

8/1) irregularly shaped masses of carbonate;

violently effervescent; 2 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk2—38 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) relict redoximorphic concentrations; moderate

fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

many fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped

masses of carbonate; violently effervescent; 2

percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C1—48 to 64 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) relict

redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm;

many fine white (10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped

masses of carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C2—64 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) relict redoximorphic

concentrations; massive; firm; many fine white

(10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 18 to 36 inches

Content of rock fragments: 2 to 8 percent gravel

Other features: Some pedons have a BC horizon.

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

E horizon:

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

B/E horizon:

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

38B—Waukon loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Composition

Waukon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Langhei and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland
162 Soil Survey of

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

38C2—Waukon loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Composition

Waukon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.6 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Langhei and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

38D2—Waukon loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded

Composition

Waukon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Rises and backslopes

Slope range: 12 to 20 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Langhei and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 163

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

967B—Waukon-Langhei complex, 2 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Waukon and similar soils: About 65 percent

Langhei and similar soils: About 25 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Waukon—rises and

backslopes; Langhei—shoulder slopes

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Waukon

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

Langhei

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.4 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.75 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Hamerly and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Halverson and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

967C2—Waukon-Langhei complex, 6 to 12

percent slopes, eroded

Composition

Waukon and similar soils: About 60 percent

Langhei and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Moraines

Position on the landform: Waukon—summits and

backslopes; Langhei—shoulder slopes

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Component Description

Waukon

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 4

percent (high)

Langhei

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.4 inches (high)
164 Soil Survey of

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

1.75 percent (moderately low)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Hamerly and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Forest Land” section

Wheatville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty over clayey,

mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Aeric

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

2,090 feet east and 570 feet north of the southwest

corner of sec. 13, T. 150 N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) very fine sandy

loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—9 to 20 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine irregularly

shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of

carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—20 to 31 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) very

fine sandy loam; few medium distinct grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; weak

medium platy structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; very friable; few fine irregularly

shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

2Cg1—31 to 43 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; few fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

platy soil fragments; friable; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Cg2—43 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; common fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR

4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate

medium platy soil fragments; firm; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg3—58 to 72 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium

platy soil fragments parting to weak fine and

medium subangular blocky; firm; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg4—72 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

4/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate thin platy

soil fragments parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; firm; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Content of rock fragments: None in the upper silty

material; 0 to 5 percent gravel below a depth of 40

inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Bk horizon:

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt

loam with less than 18 percent noncarbonate

clay

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 165

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silty clay or clay

1315A—Wheatville very fine sandy loam,

0 to 2 percent slopes

Composition

Wheatville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Very fine sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 2.5 to 4.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.1 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

4.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Augsburg and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Winterfield Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Aquic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Winterfield loamy fine sand, occasionally flooded,

2,200 feet east and 150 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 14, T. 147 N., R. 44 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; many fine roots; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—6 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky soil

fragments; very friable; common fine roots; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2—18 to 30 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) fine sand;

few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

redoximorphic concentrations and few fine distinct

dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) redoximorphic depletions;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

C3—30 to 47 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

C4—47 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), stratified fine

sand and sand; weak fine subangular blocky soil

fragments; very friable; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

C5—60 to 72 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy

fine sand; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak

medium subangular blocky soil fragments; very

friable; common fine and medium strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) cylindrical masses of ironmanganese; few white (10YR 8/1) broken shells; 3

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C6—72 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy

fine sand; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and

common medium distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

redoximorphic depletions; weak medium

subangular blocky soil fragments; very friable;

common fine and medium strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) cylindrical masses of iron-manganese; few

white (10YR 8/1) broken shells; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.
166 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 to 3

C horizon:

Hue—5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand, sand, loamy

sand, or coarse sand; gravelly sand or gravelly

loamy sand below a depth of 40 inches in some

pedons

791—Winterfield loamy fine sand,

occasionally flooded

Composition

Winterfield and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Slope range: 1 to 3 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Occasional

Water table depth: 0.5 foot to 3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.4 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About 3

percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Hedman and similar soils

• Fram and similar soils

• Hamar and similar soils

• Hangaard and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Forest land

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Forest Land” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

Wyrene Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Beach plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Aeric

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Wyrene sandy loam, 10 feet west and 1,700 feet

north of the southeast corner of sec. 18, T. 149 N., R.

44 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine granular

structure; very friable; common fine roots; 2

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; common

fine and very fine roots; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bk1—11 to 21 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy

loam; common fine distinct dark brown (10YR 4/3)

redoximorphic concentrations; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; 5 percent gravel; common fine distinct light

gray (10YR 7/2) carbonate coatings; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2Bk2—21 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly loamy sand; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic

concentrations; single grain; loose; few fine roots;

20 percent gravel; common fine prominent white

(10YR 8/1) carbonate coatings; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 167

2C1—25 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly

sand; few fine distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) redoximorphic depletions; single grain; loose;

28 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2C2—30 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sand; common medium and fine

prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic

depletions; single grain; loose; 25 percent gravel;

common fine distinct white (10YR 8/1) carbonate

coatings; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2C3—48 to 62 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

gravelly coarse sand; few fine prominent grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; single

grain; loose; 33 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C4—62 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; few fine prominent yellow

(10YR 7/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single

grain; loose; few faint light gray (10YR 7/2)

carbonate coatings on rock fragments; 25 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Depth to sandy material: 20 to 32 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent gravel

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or loam

with less than 18 percent clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent gravel

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—stratified gravelly coarse sand, gravelly

sand, sand, and coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent gravel

704—Wyrene sandy loam

Composition

Wyrene and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Water table depth: 1.5 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.1 inches (low)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

5.5 percent (high)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Syrene and similar soils

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

Zell Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 6 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty, mixed,

superactive Udic Calciborolls

Typical Pedon

Zell silt loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes, eroded, 2,600
168

feet west and 1,000 feet south of the northeast corner

of sec. 15, T. 149 N., R. 49 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure parting to weak fine granular;

friable; few very fine roots; violently effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bk1—7 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; few fine irregularly shaped light

gray (10YR 7/2) masses of carbonate; violently

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bk2—14 to 31 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

relict redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

irregularly shaped light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of

carbonate; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

C1—31 to 54 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; few fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

relict redoximorphic depletions and few prominent

yellowish red (5YR 4/6) stains on ped interiors;

weak thin platy soil fragments; friable; few fine

white (10YR 8/1) irregularly shaped masses of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C2—54 to 67 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt

loam; common medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) relict

redoximorphic concentrations; moderate thin platy

soil fragments; firm; few fine white (10YR 8/1)

carbonate coatings; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C3—67 to 81 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt

loam; common medium prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) relict redoximorphic concentrations;

moderate thin platy soil fragments; firm; few fine

white (10YR 8/1) carbonate coatings; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

A horizon:

Value—2 or 3

Bk horizon:

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam or very fine sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam

with thin lenses of finer or coarser textures

694D2—Zell silt loam, 6 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded

Composition

Zell and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Slope range: 6 to 20 percent

Component Description

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches

Drainage class: Well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: More than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.7 inches (high)

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: About

3.5 percent (moderate)

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fairdale and similar soils

• Hattie and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• “Agronomy” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section
169

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1998.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 19th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1998. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Minnesota Agricultural Statistics Service. 1991. Minnesota agricultural statistics.

Minnesota Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Agriculture, National

Agricultural Statistics Service.

Polk County Historical Society. 1976. Pioneers of the valley: Bicentennial history of Polk

County, Minnesota.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation

Service, Soil Survey Division Staff. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1996. Keys to soil taxonomy. 7th edition.

Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil

classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources

Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

References

171

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1

month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a characteristic

repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a

single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Beach deposits. Material, such as sand and gravel,

that is generally laid down parallel to an active or

relict shoreline of a postglacial or glacial lake.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Glossary
172 Soil Survey of

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clayey. In this survey, clayey textures include clay,

silty clay, and sandy clay.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 173

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian deposits. Earthy parent material accumulated

through wind action; commonly refers to sandy

material in dunes or to loess in blankets on the

surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.
174 Soil Survey of

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. Area cleared of flammable material to stop

or help control creeping or running fires. It also

serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Geomorphology. The science that treats the general

configuration of the earth’s surface; specifically,

the study of the classification, description, nature,

origin, and development of landforms and their

relationships to underlying structures, and the

history of geologic changes as recorded by these

surface features. The term is especially applied to

the genetic interpretation of landforms.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 175

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-chroma zones. In a soil profile, zones having

chroma of 3 or more. Typical in areas of iron

concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a
176 Soil Survey of

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron concentrations. High-chroma zones having a

high content of iron and manganese oxide

because of chemical oxidation and accumulation,

but having a clay content similar to that of the

adjacent matrix. A type of redoximorphic

concentration.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.

Kame moraine. An end moraine that contains

numerous kames. A group of kames along the

front of a stagnant glacier, commonly comprising

the slumped remnants of a formerly continuous

outwash plain built up over the foot of rapidly

wasting or stagnant ice.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Lake bed. The bottom of a lake; a lake basin.

Lake plain. A nearly level surface marking the floor of

an extinct lake filled by well sorted, generally fine

textured, stratified deposits, commonly containing

varves.

Lakeshore. A narrow strip of land in contact with or

bordering a lake; especially the beach of a lake.

Lake terrace. A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly

built, produced along a lake shore in front of a

scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when the

water level falls.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loamy. In this survey, loamy textures include loam,

sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, and silt

loam that contains more than 20 percent sand.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-chroma zones. In a soil profile, zones having

chroma of 2 or less. Typical in areas of iron

depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 177

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, and recessional.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is

a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.
178 Soil Survey of

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Pitted outwash plain. An outwash plain marked by

many irregular depressions, such as kettles,

shallow pits, and potholes, which formed by

melting of incorporated ice masses. Common in

Wisconsin and Minnesota.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 179

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil

does not contain excess exchangeable sodium.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandy. In this survey, sandy soils include coarse

sand, sand, fine sand, very fine sand, loamy

coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, and

loamy very fine sand and the gravelly analogs of

these textures.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly

parallel.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Silty. In this survey, silty textures include silt, silty clay

loam, silt loam (containing 20 percent or less

sand), and very fine sandy loam.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks,

prisms, and columns; and in swelling clayey soils,

where there is marked change in moisture content.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey, the slope classes are as follows:

Level .................................................... 0 to 1 percent

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 2 percent

0 to 3 percent

1 to 3 percent

Gently sloping ..................................... 1 to 4 percent

1 to 6 percent

2 to 6 percent

Undulating ........................................... 1 to 8 percent

2 to 8 percent

Sloping .............................................. 6 to 12 percent

6 to 15 percent

Rolling ............................................... 8 to 15 percent

Moderately steep .............................. 6 to 18 percent

6 to 20 percent

12 to 20 percent

Hilly ................................................... 6 to 30 percent

Steep ............................................... 12 to 30 percent

15 to 30 percent

20 to 40 percent
180 Soil Survey of

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit by

glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water

into the soil.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stagnation moraine. A body of drift released by the

melting of a glacier that ceased flowing.

Commonly (but not always) occurs near ice

margins; composed of till, ice-contact stratified

drift, and small areas of glacial lake sediment.

Typical landforms are knob-and-kettle topography,

locally including ice-walled lake plains.

Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a

soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain by

recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsidence. The potential decrease in surface

elevation as a result of the drainage of wet soils

that have organic layers or semifluid mineral

layers. Subsidence as a result of drainage is

attributed to (1) shrinkage from drying, (2)

consolidation because of the loss of ground-water

buoyancy, (3) compaction from tillage or

manipulation, (4) wind erosion, (5) burning, and

(6) biochemical oxidation.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Swale. A slight depression in the midst of generally

level land. A shallow depression in an undulating

ground moraine caused by uneven glacial

deposition.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part I 181

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift consisting of

clay, silt, sand, and boulders transported and

deposited by glacial ice.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by glacial till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by

mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Polk County,

Minnesota

Part II 

In cooperation with

Minnesota Agricultural

Experiment Station

185

This survey is divided into three parts. Part I includes general information about the

survey area; descriptions of the general soil map units, detailed soil map units, and soil

series in the area; and a description of how the soils formed. Part II describes the use

and management of the soils and the major soil properties. This part may be updated

as further information about soil management becomes available. Part III includes the

maps.

On the general soil map, the survey area is divided into groups of associated soils

called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management

of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify

the name of the map units in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the

section General Soil Map Units in Part I of this survey for a general description of the

soils in your area.

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small

areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map

Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet, and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in

that area. Turn to the Contents in Part I of this survey, which lists the map units by

symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents in Part II shows which table has data on a specific land use for each

detailed soil map unit. Also, see the Contents in Part I and Part II for other sections of

this publication that may address your specific needs.

How To Use This Soil Survey
186

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web.The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1994. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1996. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1994. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Minnesota

Agricultural Experiment Station, Polk County, the East Polk Soil and Water

Conservation District, and the West Polk Soil and Water Conservation District. The

survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the East Polk Soil and Water

Conservation District and the West Polk Soil and Water Conservation District. It was

partially funded by the Legislative Commission for Minnesota Resources and by Polk

County. Other assistance was provided by the Agricultural Extension Service, the

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and the Board of Water and Soil

Resources.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: Windbreaks and shelterbelts in an area of the Hedman-Fram-Heimdal association. The

trees help to control soil blowing, protect farmsteads and livestock, provide wildlife habitat, and

beautify the landscape.
187

Contents

Issued 2003

How To Use This Soil Survey ............................. 185

Introduction to Part II ......................................... 189

Tables:

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils .................................................... 190

Classification of the Soils ............................. 193

Agronomy............................................................ 195

Cropland Management Considerations ............ 195

Crop Yield Estimates ........................................ 197

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations ............ 197

Land Capability Classification ........................... 198

Prime Farmland ................................................ 199

Erosion Factors ................................................ 200

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........ 200

Windbreak Suitability Groups ....................... 201

Tables:

Cropland Management Considerations ........ 204

Land Capability and Yields per Acre of

Crops and Pasture............................... 220

Prime Farmland ........................................... 230

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .... 231

Windbreak Suitability Groups ....................... 249

Forest Land ......................................................... 255

Forest Land Management Considerations ........ 255

Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations .................................... 255

Forest Haul Road Considerations ................ 255

Forest Log Landing Considerations.............. 256

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting

Considerations .................................... 256

Forest Productivity............................................ 256

Tables:

Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations .................................... 257

Forest Haul Road Considerations ................ 259

Forest Log Landing Considerations.............. 261

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting

Considerations .................................... 263

Forest Productivity ....................................... 265

Recreation ........................................................... 271

Table:

Recreational Development ........................... 273

Wildlife Habitat.................................................... 283

Table:

Wildlife Habitat ............................................. 286

Engineering......................................................... 295

Building Site Development ................................ 295

Sanitary Facilities ............................................. 296

Waste Management ......................................... 297

Construction Materials ..................................... 298

Water Management .......................................... 299

Tables:

Building Site Development ........................... 301

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 313

Construction Materials ................................. 326

Water Management...................................... 338

Soil Properties .................................................... 355

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 355

Physical Properties .......................................... 356

Chemical Properties ......................................... 357

Water Features ................................................. 358

Soil Features .................................................... 360

Tables:

Engineering Index Properties ....................... 361

Physical Properties of the Soils .................... 393

Chemical Properties of the Soils .................. 406

Water Features ............................................ 419

Soil Features ................................................ 425

References .......................................................... 433

Glossary .............................................................. 435

189

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations

of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Interpretive ratings help engineers, planners, and

others understand how soil properties influence

important nonagricultural uses, such as building site

development and construction materials. The ratings

indicate the most restrictive soil features affecting the

suitability of the soils for these uses.

Soils are rated in their natural state. No unusual

modification of the soil site or material is made other

than that which is considered normal practice for the

rated use. Even though soils may have limitations, it is

important to remember that engineers and others can

modify soil features or can design or adjust the plans

for a structure to compensate for most of the

limitations. Most of these practices, however, are

costly. The final decision in selecting a site for a

particular use generally involves weighing the costs of

site preparation and maintenance.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where wetness or very firm soil

layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

The classification and extent of the soils in this

survey area are shown in the tables “Classification of

the Soils” and “Acreage and Proportionate Extent of

the Soils,” which are at the end of this section.

Soil Survey of

Polk County, Minnesota—Part II
190 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

20B |Chapett fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 50,805 | 4.0

20C2 |Chapett fine sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 12,366 | 1.0

20D2 |Chapett fine sandy loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded-----------------| 5,474 | 0.4

20E |Chapett fine sandy loam, 20 to 40 percent slopes-------------------------| 447 | *

38B |Waukon loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 4,778 | 0.4

38C2 |Waukon loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------------------| 2,726 | 0.2

38D2 |Waukon loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------| 964 | *

45B |Maddock loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 10,240 | 0.8

45C |Maddock loamy fine sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------| 2,358 | 0.2

45E |Maddock loamy fine sand, 12 to 30 percent slopes-------------------------| 2,098 | 0.2

47 |Colvin silty clay loam---------------------------------------------------| 52,015 | 4.1

57A |Fargo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,390 | 0.1

59 |Grimstad fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------| 50,994 | 4.0

65 |Foxhome sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------| 1,527 | 0.1

66 |Flaming loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 15,280 | 1.2

67A |Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 20,213 | 1.6

67B |Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------| 6,304 | 0.5

93A |Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 8,444 | 0.7

111 |Hangaard sandy loam------------------------------------------------------| 1,031 | *

184A |Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 3,583 | 0.3

185D2 |Hattie clay, 6 to 18 percent slopes, eroded------------------------------| 1,496 | 0.1

236 |Vallers loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 8,083 | 0.6

242B |Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------| 612 | *

242D |Marquette loamy sand, 8 to 30 percent slopes-----------------------------| 471 | *

258B |Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------| 21,539 | 1.7

258C |Sandberg loamy sand, 6 to 12 percent slopes------------------------------| 2,273 | 0.2

258E |Sandberg loamy sand, 12 to 30 percent slopes-----------------------------| 1,706 | 0.1

296 |Fram loam----------------------------------------------------------------| 26,446 | 2.1

341B |Arvilla sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes--------------------------------| 3,014 | 0.2

348 |Borup loam, depressional-------------------------------------------------| 397 | *

372 |Hamar loamy fine sand----------------------------------------------------| 2,866 | 0.2

387 |Roliss loam, depressional------------------------------------------------| 1,504 | 0.1

412 |Mavie fine sandy loam----------------------------------------------------| 3,521 | 0.3

422A |Bygland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 8,763 | 0.7

422B |Bygland silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------| 2,391 | 0.2

422C2 |Bygland silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 510 | *

426 |Foldahl loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 10,110 | 0.8

435 |Syrene sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------| 2,786 | 0.2

439 |Strathcona fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------| 28,328 | 2.2

450 |Rauville silty clay loam-------------------------------------------------| 2,305 | 0.2

481 |Kratka fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------| 5,774 | 0.5

494B |Darnen loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 16 | *

506 |Overly silty clay loam---------------------------------------------------| 1,889 | 0.1

540 |Seelyeville muck---------------------------------------------------------| 12,292 | 1.0

543 |Markey muck--------------------------------------------------------------| 4,567 | 0.4

544 |Cathro muck--------------------------------------------------------------| 13,950 | 1.1

547 |Deerwood muck------------------------------------------------------------| 2,639 | 0.2

563 |Northwood muck-----------------------------------------------------------| 6,398 | 0.5

565 |Eckvoll loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 438 | *

573D |Serden fine sand, 6 to 30 percent slopes---------------------------------| 1,131 | *

582 |Roliss loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 6,631 | 0.5

641 |Clearwater clay----------------------------------------------------------| 13,928 | 1.1

642 |Clearwater loam----------------------------------------------------------| 22,246 | 1.7

643 |Huot fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------| 16,573 | 1.3

645 |Espelie fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------| 724 | *

647 |Hilaire loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------| 4,425 | 0.3

650 |Reiner fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------| 3,758 | 0.3

651 |Thiefriver fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------| 2,097 | 0.2

667B |Fairdale silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, occasionally flooded----------| 11,511 | 0.9

667C2 |Fairdale silt loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes, eroded, occasionally flooded-| 1,144 | *

670 |Knute fine sandy loam----------------------------------------------------| 11,662 | 0.9

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 191

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

671 |Onstad loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 9,152 | 0.7

681 |Brandsvold loam----------------------------------------------------------| 4,996 | 0.4

694D2 |Zell silt loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------| 3,955 | 0.3

704 |Wyrene sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------| 5,254 | 0.4

707A |Lizzie silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,903 | 0.1

712 |Rosewood fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------| 24,154 | 1.9

713 |Linveldt fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------| 759 | *

718B |Naytahwaush loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes----------------------------------| 3,973 | 0.3

718C |Naytahwaush loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes---------------------------------| 8,931 | 0.7

718E |Naytahwaush loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes--------------------------------| 4,369 | 0.3

733 |Berner muck--------------------------------------------------------------| 1,448 | 0.1

735B |Halverson loamy fine sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------| 5,021 | 0.4

735C |Halverson loamy fine sand, 6 to 15 percent slopes------------------------| 1,494 | 0.1

737 |Mahkonce loam------------------------------------------------------------| 792 | *

746 |Haslie muck--------------------------------------------------------------| 2,352 | 0.2

749 |Colvin silt loam, occasionally flooded-----------------------------------| 421 | *

765 |Smiley loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 3,765 | 0.3

767 |Auganaush loam-----------------------------------------------------------| 543 | *

791 |Winterfield loamy fine sand, occasionally flooded------------------------| 1,393 | 0.1

827B |Heimdal-Esmond complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------| 16,226 | 1.3

827C2 |Heimdal-Esmond complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------------| 3,925 | 0.3

908 |Bearden-Fargo complex----------------------------------------------------| 18,215 | 1.4

935 |Hegne-Fargo complex------------------------------------------------------| 4,865 | 0.4

967B |Waukon-Langhei complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------| 46 | *

967C2 |Waukon-Langhei complex, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------------| 1,631 | 0.1

979D2 |Langhei-Waukon complex, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 730 | *

1006 |Fluvaquents-Haploborolls complex, 0 to 30 percent slopes-----------------| 3,721 | 0.3

1030 |Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex----------------------------------------| 3,191 | 0.2

1113 |Haslie, Seelyeville, and Cathro soils, ponded----------------------------| 5,797 | 0.5

1117 |Hedman loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 21,657 | 1.7

1119 |Nielsville silty clay loam-----------------------------------------------| 15,495 | 1.2

1121 |Hedman loam, depressional------------------------------------------------| 2,357 | 0.2

1122 |Nielsville-Perella complex-----------------------------------------------| 4,854 | 0.4

1142 |Hedman-Fram complex------------------------------------------------------| 41,794 | 3.3

1144 |Strathcona and Kratka soils, depressional--------------------------------| 3,085 | 0.2

1152B |Sugarbush loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------| 665 | *

1152C |Sugarbush loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes-----------------------------| 838 | *

1152E |Sugarbush loamy sand, 15 to 30 percent slopes----------------------------| 370 | *

1233D |Esmond-Heimdal complex, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 3,474 | 0.3

1264 |Ulen loamy fine sand-----------------------------------------------------| 42,544 | 3.3

1278 |Rosewood-Venlo complex---------------------------------------------------| 3,798 | 0.3

1279 |Vallers-Hamerly complex--------------------------------------------------| 10,697 | 0.8

1280 |Gunclub silty clay loam--------------------------------------------------| 2,753 | 0.2

1283 |Reis-Clearwater complex--------------------------------------------------| 15,090 | 1.2

1297 |Augsburg very fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------| 4,759 | 0.4

1299 |Borup very fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------| 6,121 | 0.5

1304A |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------| 26,838 | 2.1

1304B |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------| 405 | *

1315A |Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------| 18,892 | 1.5

1323B |LaDelle silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded-----------| 502 | *

1325 |Bowstring-Fluvaquents complex, frequently flooded------------------------| 5,559 | 0.4

1356 |Water, miscellaneous-----------------------------------------------------| 1,320 | 0.1

1422 |Northwood muck, marl subsoil---------------------------------------------| 3,265 | 0.3

1866 |Colvin-Perella complex---------------------------------------------------| 100,294 | 7.9

1871 |Fargo silty clay, swales-------------------------------------------------| 1,054 | *

1874 |Radium loamy sand--------------------------------------------------------| 14,031 | 1.1

1878 |Hamre muck---------------------------------------------------------------| 6,287 | 0.5

1879 |Seelyeville muck, calcareous, 0 to 3 percent slopes----------------------| 4,040 | 0.3

1882 |Rosewood, Strathcona, and Berner soils, seepy----------------------------| 679 | *

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
192 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

1916 |Lindaas silty clay loam--------------------------------------------------| 2,895 | 0.2

1963 |Bearden-Colvin complex---------------------------------------------------| 194,254 | 15.3

1964 |Colvin-Fargo complex-----------------------------------------------------| 28,443 | 2.2

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 20,620 | 1.6

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 1,278,702 | 100.0

 | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 193

Classification of the Soils

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Arvilla------------------|Sandy, mixed Udic Haploborolls

 Auganaush----------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Mollic Albaqualfs

 Augsburg-----------------|Coarse-silty over clayey, mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Typic

 | Calciaquolls

 Bearden------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Berner-------------------|Loamy, mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

 Borup--------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Bowstring----------------|Euic Fluvaquentic Borosaprists

 Brandsvold---------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

 Bygland------------------|Fine, smectitic Aquertic Argiborolls

 Cathro-------------------|Loamy, mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

 Chapett------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Boralfic Udic Argiborolls

 Clearwater---------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaquerts

 Colvin-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Darnen-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Pachic Udic Haploborolls

 Deerwood-----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Histic Humaquepts

 Eckvoll------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs

 Esmond-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Udic Calciborolls

 Espelie------------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaquolls

 Fairdale-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Mollic Udifluvents

 Fargo--------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaquerts

 Flaming------------------|Sandy, mixed Aquic Haploborolls

 Fluvaquents--------------|Loamy Fluvaquents

 Foldahl------------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Haploborolls

 Foxhome------------------|Sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Haploborolls

 Fram---------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Glyndon------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Grimstad-----------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Gunclub------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Halverson----------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive Arenic Argiborolls

 Hamar--------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Hamerly------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Hamre--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

 Hangaard-----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Haploborolls-------------|Loamy Haploborolls

 Haslie-------------------|Coprogenous, euic Limnic Borosaprists

 Hattie-------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Hapluderts

 Hedman-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Hegne--------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquerts

 Heimdal------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Udic Haploborolls

 Hilaire------------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic Aquic Haploborolls

 Huot---------------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic Aquic Calciborolls

 Knute--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Argiborolls

 Kratka-------------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 LaDelle------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive Cumulic Udic Haploborolls

 Langhei------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Eutrochrepts

 Lindaas------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

 Linveldt-----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Argiborolls

 Lizzie-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive Boralfic Udic Argiborolls

 Maddock------------------|Sandy, mixed Udorthentic Haploborolls

 Mahkonce-----------------|Fine, smectitic Aquic Eutroboralfs

 Markey-------------------|Sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

 Marquette----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ochreptic Eutroboralfs

 Mavie--------------------|Sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Naytahwaush--------------|Fine, smectitic Mollic Eutroboralfs

 Nielsville---------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Northwood----------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

 Onstad-------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Aquic Haploborolls

 Overly-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive Pachic Udic Haploborolls

 Perella------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Radium-------------------|Sandy, mixed Aquic Haploborolls

 Rauville-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Cumulic Endoaquolls

 |
194

Classification of the Soils--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Reiner-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Abruptic Udic Argiborolls

 Reis---------------------|Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquerts

 Roliss-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Rosewood-----------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Sandberg-----------------|Sandy, mixed Udorthentic Haploborolls

 Seelyeville--------------|Euic Typic Borosaprists

 Serden-------------------|Mixed, frigid Typic Udipsamments

 Smiley-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

 Strathcona---------------|Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Sugarbush----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Typic Eutroboralfs

 Syrene-------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Thiefriver---------------|Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Udipsamments-------------|Udipsamments

 Ulen---------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Vallers------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

 Venlo--------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

 Waukon-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Mollic Eutroboralfs

 Wheatville---------------|Coarse-silty over clayey, mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Aeric

 | Calciaquolls

 Winterfield--------------|Mixed, frigid Aquic Udipsamments

 Wyrene-------------------|Sandy, mixed, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

 Zell---------------------|Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive Udic Calciborolls

 | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
195

General management needed for crops and for hay

and pasture is suggested in this section. The system

of land capability classification used by the Natural

Resources Conservation Service is explained, the

estimated yields of the main crops and hay and

pasture plants are listed for each soil, and prime

farmland is described.

Polk County is mainly a small grain farming area,

although some farmers raise soybeans, edible beans,

potatoes, beef cattle, or hogs or manage dairy

operations. Wheat, barley, sugar beets, corn, potatoes,

soybeans, and alfalfa hay are the main crops.

Approximately 83 percent of the land area in the

county is used for crops, about 3 percent is used for

pasture, about 7 percent is forest land, and about 7

percent is used for other purposes.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider obtaining specific

information from the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative

Extension Service.

Cropland Management

Considerations

The management concerns affecting the use of the

detailed soil map units in the survey area for crops are

shown in the table “Cropland Management

Considerations.” The main concerns in managing

nonirrigated cropland are conserving moisture,

controlling wind erosion and water erosion, and

maintaining soil fertility.

Conserving moisture consists primarily of reducing

the evaporation and runoff rates and increasing the

water infiltration rate. Applying conservation tillage and

conservation cropping systems, farming on the

contour, stripcropping, establishing field windbreaks,

and leaving crop residue on the surface conserve

moisture (fig. 20).

Generally, a combination of several practices is

needed to control wind erosion and water erosion.

Conservation tillage, stripcropping, field windbreaks,

contour farming, conservation cropping systems, crop

residue management, terraces, diversions, and

grassed waterways help to prevent excessive soil

loss.

Measures that are effective in maintaining soil

fertility include applying fertilizer, both organic and

inorganic, including manure; incorporating crop

residue or green manure crops into the soil; and using

proper crop rotations. Controlling erosion helps to

prevent the loss of organic matter and plant nutrients

and thus helps to maintain productivity, although the

level of fertility can be reduced even in areas where

erosion is controlled. All soils used for nonirrigated

crops respond well to applications of fertilizer.

Some of the considerations shown in the table

cannot be easily overcome. These are channels,

flooding, gullies, and ponding.

Additional considerations are as follows:

Lime content, limited available water capacity,

potential poor tilth and compaction, and restricted

permeability.—These limitations can be minimized by

incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil; applying a system of

conservation tillage; and using conservation cropping

systems. Also, crops may respond well to additions of

phosphate fertilizer in soils that have a high content of

lime.

Potential for ground-water contamination.—The

proper use of nutrients and pesticides can reduce the

risk of ground-water contamination.

Potential for surface-water contamination.—The risk

of surface-water contamination can be reduced by the

proper use of nutrients and pesticides and by

conservation farming practices that reduce the runoff

rate.

Surface crusting.—This limitation retards seedling

development after periods of heavy rainfall.

Surface rock fragments.—This limitation causes

rapid wear of tillage equipment. It cannot be easily

overcome.

Surface stones.—Stones or boulders on or near the

surface can hinder normal tillage unless they are

removed.

Agronomy
196 Soil Survey of

Salt content.—In areas where this is a limitation,

only salt-tolerant crops should be grown.

Explanation of Criteria

Acid soil.—The pH is less than 6.1.

Channeled.—The word “channeled” is included in

the map unit name.

Dense layer.—The bulk density is greater than 1.80

g/cc within the soil profile.

Depth to rock.—The depth to bedrock is less than

40 inches.

Previously eroded.—The word “eroded” is included

in the map unit name.

Excessive permeability.—Permeability is 6 inches

per hour or more within the soil profile.

Flooding.—Flooding is occasional or frequent.

Gullied.—The word “gullied” is included in the map

unit name.

High content of organic matter.—The surface layer

has more than 20 percent organic matter.

Lime content.—The pH is 7.4 or more in the surface

layer, or the wind erodibility group is 4L.

Limited available water capacity.—The available

water capacity calculated to a depth of 60 inches or to

a root-limiting layer is 6 inches or less.

Limited content of organic matter.—The content of

organic matter is less than 2 percent in the surface

layer.

Ponding.—Ponding duration is assigned to the

map unit component. The water table is above the

surface.

Potential poor tilth and compaction.—The content of

clay is 27 percent or more in the surface layer.

Potential for ground-water contamination (by

nutrients or pesticides).—Depth to the water table is 4

feet or less, the permeability of any layer is more than

Figure 20.—Using minimum tillage practices and returning crop residue to the soil conserve moisture, improve the content of

organic matter, and reduce the hazard of erosion in an area of Chapett fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 197

6.0 inches per hour, or the depth to bedrock is less

than 60 inches.

Potential for surface-water contamination (by

nutrients or pesticides).—The map unit component is

occasionally flooded or frequently flooded, is subject

to ponding, is assigned to hydrologic group C or D and

has a slope of more than 2 percent, is assigned to

hydrologic group A and has a slope of more than 6

percent, or is assigned to hydrologic group B, has a

slope of 3 percent or more, and has a K factor of more

than 0.17.

Restricted permeability.—Permeability is less than

0.06 inch per hour within the soil profile.

Salt content.—The electrical conductivity is 4 or

more in the surface layer or 8 or more within a depth

of 30 inches.

Slope (equipment limitation).—The slope is more

than 15 percent.

Surface crusting.—The content of clay is 27 percent

or more and the content of organic matter is 2 percent

or less in the surface layer.

Surface rock fragments (equipment limitation).—

The terms describing the texture of the surface layer

include any rock fragment modifier, except for gravelly,

channery, stony, very stony, extremely stony, bouldery,

very bouldery, and extremely bouldery.

Surface stones (equipment limitation).—The word

“stony” or “bouldery” is included in the map unit name

or in the description of the surface layer.

Water erosion.—Either the slope is 6 percent or

more, or the slope is more than 3 percent and less

than 6 percent and the surface layer is not sandy.

Water table.—A water table is within 2.5 feet of the

surface.

Wind erosion.—The wind erodibility group is 1, 2, 3,

4, or 4L.

Crop Yield Estimates

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in the table “Land Capability

and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture.” In any

given year, yields may be higher or lower than those

indicated in the table because of variations in rainfall

and other climatic factors. The land capability

classification of each map unit also is shown in the

table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations also are

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

For yields of irrigated crops, it is assumed that the

irrigation system is adapted to the soils and to the

crops grown, that good-quality irrigation water is

uniformly applied as needed, and that tillage is kept to

a minimum.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in the table are

grown in the survey area, but estimated yields are not

listed because the acreage of such crops is small. The

local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service or of the Cooperative Extension Service can

provide information about the management and

productivity of the soils for those crops.

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations

Under good management, proper grazing is

essential for the production of high-quality forage,

stand survival, and erosion control (fig. 21). Proper

grazing helps plants to maintain sufficient and

generally vigorous top growth during the growing

season. Brush control is essential in many areas, and

weed control generally is needed. Rotation grazing

and renovation also are important management

practices.

Yield estimates are often provided in animal unit

months (AUM), or the amount of forage or feed

required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one

horse, one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30

days.

The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or of the Cooperative Extension

Service can provide information about forage yields

other than those shown in the table “Land Capability

and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture.”
198 Soil Survey of

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not take into

account major and generally expensive landforming

that would change slope, depth, or other

characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.

Capability classification is not a substitute for

interpretations designed to show suitability and

limitations of groups of soils for rangeland, for

woodland, or for engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils generally are grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit

(USDA, 1961). These categories indicate the degree

and kinds of limitations affecting mechanized farming

systems that produce the more commonly grown field

crops, such as corn, small grain, cotton, hay, and fieldgrown vegetables. Only class and subclass are used

in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

Figure 21.—A continuous cover of vegetation is needed to protect this area of Serden fine sand, 6 to 30 percent slopes, from wind

erosion and water erosion.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 199

designated by numerals 1 through 8. The numerals

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use.

If properly managed, soils in classes 1, 2, 3, and 4

are suitable for the mechanized production of

commonly grown field crops and for pasture and

woodland. The degree of the soil limitations affecting

the production of cultivated crops increases

progressively from class 1 to class 4. The limitations

can affect levels of production and the risk of

permanent soil deterioration caused by erosion and

other factors.

Soils in classes 5, 6, and 7 are generally not suited

to the mechanized production of commonly grown field

crops without special management, but they are

suitable for plants that provide a permanent cover,

such as grasses and trees. The severity of the soil

limitations affecting crops increases progressively

from class 5 to class 7.

Areas in class 8 are generally not suitable for crops,

pasture, or woodland without a level of management

that is impractical. These areas may have potential for

other uses, such as recreational facilities and wildlife

habitat.

Capability subclasses identify the dominant kind of

limitation in the class. They are designated by adding a

small letter, e, w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for

example, 2e. The letter e shows that the main hazard

is the risk of erosion unless a close-growing plant

cover is maintained; w shows that water in or on the

soil interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some

soils the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

There are no subclasses in class 1 because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use mainly to pasture, rangeland, woodland, wildlife

habitat, or recreation.

The capability classification of each map unit is

given in the table “Land Capability and Yields per Acre

of Crops and Pasture” at the end of this section.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is of major importance in meeting

the Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. The acreage of high-quality farmland is limited,

and the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that government at local, State, and Federal levels, as

well as individuals, must encourage and facilitate the

wise use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland soils, as defined by the U.S.

Department of Agriculture, are soils that are best

suited to food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops.

Such soils have properties that favor the economic

production of sustained high yields of crops. The soils

need only to be treated and managed by acceptable

farming methods. An adequate moisture supply and a

sufficiently long growing season are required. Prime

farmland soils produce the highest yields with minimal

expenditure of energy and economic resources, and

farming these soils results in the least damage to the

environment.

Prime farmland soils may presently be used as

cropland, pasture, or woodland or for other purposes.

They either are used for food and fiber or are available

for these uses. Urban or built-up land, public land, and

water areas cannot be considered prime farmland.

Urban or built-up land is any contiguous unit of land 10

acres or more in size that is used for such purposes

as housing, industrial, and commercial sites, sites for

institutions or public buildings, small parks, golf

courses, cemeteries, railroad yards, airports, sanitary

landfills, sewage treatment plants, and water-control

structures. Public land is land not available for farming

in National forests, National parks, military

reservations, and State parks.

Prime farmland soils commonly receive an

adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation. The temperature and growing

season are favorable, and the level of acidity or

alkalinity and the content of salts and sodium are

acceptable. The soils have few, if any, rocks and are

permeable to water and air. They are not excessively

erodible or saturated with water for long periods, and

they are not frequently flooded during the growing

season or are protected from flooding. Slopes range

mainly from 0 to 6 percent.

Soils that have a high water table or are subject to

flooding may qualify as prime farmland where these

limitations are overcome by drainage measures or

flood control. Onsite evaluation is necessary to

determine the effectiveness of corrective measures.

More information about the criteria for prime farmland

can be obtained at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

A recent trend in land use has been the conversion

of prime farmland to urban and industrial uses. The

loss of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on

lands that are less productive than prime farmland.

About 959,297 acres, or nearly 74 percent of the

survey area, meets the requirements for prime

farmland.
200 Soil Survey of

The map units in the survey area that meet the

requirements for prime farmland are listed in the table

“Prime Farmland.” This list does not constitute a

recommendation for a particular land use. On some

soils included in the table, measures that overcome

limitations are needed. The need for these measures

is indicated in parentheses after the map unit name.

The location of each map unit is shown on the detailed

soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use and

management are described in the section “Soil Series

and Detailed Soil Map Units” in Part I of this

publication.

Erosion Factors

Soil erodibility (K) and soil-loss tolerance (T) factors

are used in an equation that predicts the amount of

soil lost through water erosion in areas of cropland.

The procedure for predicting soil loss is useful in

guiding the selection of soil and water conservation

practices. The erosion factors for the soils in the

survey area are listed in the table “Physical Properties

of the Soils.”

Soil Erodibility (K) Factor

The soil erodibility (K) factor indicates the

susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by

water. The soil properties that influence erodibility are

those that affect the infiltration rate, the movement of

water through the soil, and the water storage capacity

of the soil and those that allow the soil to resist

dispersion, splashing, abrasion, and the transporting

forces of rainfall and runoff. The most important soil

properties are the content of silt plus very fine sand,

the content of sand coarser than very fine sand, the

content of organic matter, soil structure, and

permeability.

Fragment-Free Soil Erodibility (Kf) Factor

This is one of the factors used in the Revised

Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). It shows the

erodibility of the fine-earth fraction, or the material less

than 2 millimeters in size.

Soil-Loss Tolerance (T) Factor

The soil-loss tolerance (T) factor is an estimate of

the maximum annual rate of soil erosion that can

occur over a sustained period without affecting crop

productivity. The rate is expressed in tons of soil loss

per acre per year. Ratings of 1 to 5 are used,

depending on soil properties and prior erosion. The

criteria used in assigning a T factor to a soil include

maintenance of an adequate rooting depth for crop

production, potential reduction of crop yields,

maintenance of water-control structures affected by

sedimentation, prevention of gullying, and the value of

nutrients lost through erosion.

Wind Erodibility Groups

Wind erodibility is directly related to the percentage

of dry, nonerodible surface soil aggregates larger than

0.84 millimeter in diameter. From this percentage, the

wind erodibility index (I) factor is determined. This

factor is an expression of the stability of the soil

aggregates, or the extent to which they are broken

down by tillage and the abrasion caused by windblown

soil particles. Soils are assigned to wind erodibility

groups (WEG) having similar percentages of dry soil

aggregates larger than 0.84 millimeter. The wind

erodibility group and wind erodibility index of the soils

in the survey area are given in the table “Physical

Properties of the Soils.”

Additional information about wind erodibility groups

and K, Kf, T, and I factors can be obtained from local

offices of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, and yards

from wind and snow (fig. 22). They also protect fruit

trees and gardens, and they furnish habitat for wildlife.

Several rows of low- and high-growing broadleaf and

coniferous trees and shrubs provide the most

protection.

Field windbreaks are narrow plantings made at right

angles to the prevailing wind and at specific intervals

across the field. The interval depends on the erodibility

of the soil. Field windbreaks protect cropland and

crops from wind, help to keep snow on the fields, and

provide food and cover for wildlife.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen

houses and other buildings and to abate noise. The

plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely

spaced. To ensure plant survival, a healthy planting

stock of suitable species should be planted properly

on a well prepared site and maintained in good

condition.

Windbreaks are often planted on land that did not

originally support trees. Knowledge of how well trees 

grow and survive on such land can be gained only by

observing and recording the performance of trees that
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 201

have been planted and have survived. Many popular

windbreak species are not indigenous to the areas in

which they are planted.

Each tree or shrub species has certain climatic and

physiographic limits. Within these parameters, a tree

or shrub may grow well or grow poorly, depending on

the characteristics of the soil. Each tree or shrub has

definable potential heights in a given physiographic

area and under a given climate. Accurate definitions of

potential heights are necessary when a windbreak is

planned and designed.

The table “Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings” shows the height that locally grown trees

and shrubs are expected to reach in 20 years on

various soils. The estimates in this table are based on

measurements and observation of established

plantings that have been given adequate care. They

can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and

screens. Additional information on planning

windbreaks and screens and planting and caring for

trees and shrubs can be obtained from local offices of

the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service or from a nursery.

Windbreak Suitability Groups

Windbreak suitability groups consist of soils in

which the kinds and degrees of the hazards and

limitations that affect the survival and growth of trees

and shrubs in windbreaks are about the same.

The soils in Polk County are assigned to specific

windbreak suitability groups. These groups are

Figure 22.—Windbreaks, along with crop residue management, are effective in reducing the hazard of wind erosion in many

cultivated areas in Polk County.
202 Soil Survey of

in the “Windbreak Suitability Groups” table and

described in the following paragraphs. In areas where

water erosion is a severe hazard, site preparation

should be limited to spot treatment extending 2 feet

from where the plant is established. Specific

information also can be obtained from the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service.

Group 1 consists of soils that are somewhat poorly

drained or moderately well drained, are rapidly

permeable to moderately slowly permeable, and do

not have free carbonates in the upper 20 inches.

A wide variety of trees and shrubs can be grown as

windbreaks and environmental plantings on the soils

in this windbreak suitability group. Cultivation or

applications of herbicide can help to remove

competing vegetation.

Group 1K consists of soils that are somewhat

poorly drained or moderately well drained, are rapidly

permeable to moderately slowly permeable, and have

free carbonates within 20 inches of the surface. These

soils may be very slightly saline or slightly saline (the

electrical conductivity is 2 to 8). Trees and shrubs

grown as windbreaks and environmental plantings on

soils in this group should be those that are tolerant of

a high content of lime. The free carbonates in the soil

tie up plant nutrients and limit their availability.

Cultivation or applications of herbicide can help to

remove competing vegetation.

Group 2 consists of poorly drained soils that have

been artificially drained and do not have free

carbonates in the upper 20 inches. Permeability

varies.

Trees and shrubs grown as windbreaks and

environmental plantings on the soils in this group

should be those that are tolerant of wetness and a

high content of lime. Cultivation or applications of

herbicide can help to remove competing vegetation.

Group 2K consists of poorly drained or very poorly

drained soils that have been artificially drained and

have free carbonates within 20 inches of the surface.

Permeability varies. These soils may be very slightly

saline or slightly saline (the electrical conductivity is 2

to 8).

Trees and shrubs grown as windbreaks and

environmental plantings on the soils in this group

should be those that are tolerant of a high content of

lime. The free carbonates in the soil tie up plant

nutrients and limit their availability. Because of the

wetness, seedling mortality is moderate and spring

planting may be delayed. Cultivation or applications of

herbicide can help to remove competing vegetation.

Group 2W consists of very poorly drained soils that

are subject to ponding and have been artificially

drained. It includes soils that have an organic surface

layer up to 16 inches thick. Permeability varies.

Trees and shrubs grown as windbreaks and

environmental plantings on the soils in this group

should be those that are tolerant of extreme wetness.

Because of the wetness, seedling mortality is severe

and spring planting may be delayed. Cultivation or

applications of herbicide can help to remove

competing vegetation.

Group 3 consists of soils that are well drained or

moderately well drained and are loamy or silty

throughout. Permeability is moderate or moderately

slow. These soils do not have free carbonates in the

upper 20 inches.

A wide variety of trees and shrubs can be grown as

windbreaks and environmental plantings on the soils

in this group. Cultivation or applications of herbicide

can help to remove competing vegetation.

Group 4 consists of soils that are well drained,

moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained

and have a silty or loamy surface layer and a clayey

subsoil. Permeability is slow or very slow.

A wide variety of trees and shrubs can be grown as

windbreaks and environmental plantings on the soils

in this group. Cultivation or applications of herbicide

can help to remove competing vegetation.

Group 4C consists of soils that are well drained,

moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained

and have a clayey surface layer and subsoil.

Permeability is slow or very slow.

A wide variety of trees and shrubs can be grown as

windbreaks and environmental plantings on the soils

in this group. Cultivation or applications of herbicide

can help to remove competing vegetation.

Group 5 consists of soils that are excessively

drained to moderately well drained and have a

moderate available water capacity. These soils are

dominantly fine sandy loam or sandy loam, but some

are sandy in the upper part and loamy in the lower

part.

A wide variety of trees and shrubs can be grown as

windbreaks and environmental plantings on the soils

in this group. Cultivation or applications of herbicide

can help to remove competing vegetation.

Group 6G consists of excessively drained to

moderately well drained soils that are loamy in the

upper part and have sand or sand and gravel at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches. These soils have a low or

moderate available water capacity.

Trees and shrubs grown as windbreaks and
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 203

environmental plantings on the soils in this group

should be those that are tolerant of droughty

conditions. Cultivation or applications of herbicide can

help to remove competing vegetation.

Group 7 consists of excessively drained to well

drained soils that are dominantly loamy fine sand or

coarser textured and are shallow to sand or to sand and

gravel. These soils have a low available water capacity.

Trees and shrubs grown as windbreaks and

environmental plantings on the soils in this group

should be those that are tolerant of droughty

conditions. Seedling mortality is moderate because of

the moisture stress caused by droughtiness. Leaving

some vegetation on the surface during the early years

of establishment helps to control wind erosion.

Cultivation or applications of herbicide can help to

remove competing vegetation.

Group 8 consists of excessively drained to well

drained, loamy soils that have free carbonates within

20 inches of the surface.

Trees and shrubs grown as windbreaks and

environmental plantings on the soils in this group

should be those that are tolerant of a high content of

lime. The free carbonates in the soil tie up plant

nutrients and limit their availability. Cultivation or

applications of herbicide can help to remove

competing vegetation.

Group 10 consists of soils or miscellaneous land

types that generally are not suitable for windbreaks.

One or more characteristics, such as soil depth,

texture, wetness, available water capacity, or slope,

limit the planting, survival, or growth of trees and

shrubs. Onsite investigation may reveal that tree and

shrub plantings can be made with special treatment.
204 Soil Survey of

Cropland Management Considerations

 (See text for a description of the considerations listed in this table.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

20B: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

20C2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

20D2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

20E: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

38B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

38C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | |

38D2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | |

45B: | |

 Maddock----------------------| 90 | Limited available water capacity

 | | Limited content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

45C: | |

 Maddock----------------------| 90 | Limited available water capacity

 | | Limited content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

45E: | |

 Maddock----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Limited content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 205

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

47: | |

 Colvin-----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

57A: | |

 Fargo------------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

59: | |

 Grimstad---------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

65: | |

 Foxhome----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

66: | |

 Flaming----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

67A: | |

 Bearden----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

67B: | |

 Bearden----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

93A: | |

 Bearden----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

111: | |

 Hangaard---------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

184A: | |

 Hamerly----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
206 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

185D2: | |

 Hattie-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | |

236: | |

 Vallers----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

242B: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

242D: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

258B: | |

 Sandberg---------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

258C: | |

 Sandberg---------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

258E: | |

 Sandberg---------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

296: | |

 Fram-------------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 207

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

341B: | |

 Arvilla----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

348: | |

 Borup------------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

372: | |

 Hamar------------------------| 90 | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

387: | |

 Roliss-----------------------| 90 | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

412: | |

 Mavie------------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

422A: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | |

422B: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

422C2: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | |

426: | |

 Foldahl----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
208 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

435: | |

 Syrene-----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

439: | |

 Strathcona-------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

450: | |

 Rauville---------------------| 90 | Flooding

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

481: | |

 Kratka-----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

494B: | |

 Darnen-----------------------| 90 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

506: | |

 Overly-----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | |

540: | |

 Seelyeville------------------| 90 | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

543: | |

 Markey-----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | High content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

544: | |

 Cathro-----------------------| 90 | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 209

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

547: | |

 Deerwood---------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

563: | |

 Northwood--------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

565: | |

 Eckvoll----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

573D: | |

 Serden-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Limited content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

582: | |

 Roliss-----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

641: | |

 Clearwater-------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

642: | |

 Clearwater-------------------| 90 | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

643: | |

 Huot-------------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

645: | |

 Espelie----------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
210 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

647: | |

 Hilaire----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

650: | |

 Reiner-----------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

651: | |

 Thiefriver-------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

667B: | |

 Fairdale---------------------| 90 | Flooding

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

667C2: | |

 Fairdale---------------------| 90 | Flooding

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

670: | |

 Knute------------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

671: | |

 Onstad-----------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | |

681: | |

 Brandsvold-------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

694D2: | |

 Zell-------------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

704: | |

 Wyrene-----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

707A: | |

 Lizzie-----------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 211

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

712: | |

 Rosewood---------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

713: | |

 Linveldt---------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

718B: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

718C: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

718E: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

733: | |

 Berner-----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

735B: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

735C: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

737: | |

 Mahkonce---------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | |

746: | |

 Haslie-----------------------| 90 | High content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
212 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

749: | |

 Colvin-----------------------| 90 | Flooding

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

765: | |

 Smiley-----------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

767: | |

 Auganaush--------------------| 90 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

791: | |

 Winterfield------------------| 90 | Flooding

 | | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

827B: | |

 Heimdal----------------------| 60 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

 Esmond-----------------------| 30 | Lime content

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

827C2: | |

 Heimdal----------------------| 50 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | |

 Esmond-----------------------| 40 | Lime content

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

908: | |

 Bearden----------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Fargo------------------------| 40 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

935: | |

 Hegne------------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 213

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

935: | |

 Fargo------------------------| 40 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

967B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 65 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 25 | Lime content

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

967C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 60 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 30 | Lime content

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

979D2: | |

 Langhei----------------------| 55 | Slope

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 35 | Slope

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | |

1006: | |

 Fluvaquents------------------| 45 | Flooding

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

 Haploborolls-----------------| 45 | Slope

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | |

1030: | |

 Pits, gravel-----------------| 70 | ---

 | |

 Udipsamments-----------------| 20 | Slope

 | | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Limited content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
214 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

1113: | |

 Haslie-----------------------| 30 | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

 Seelyeville------------------| 30 | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

 Cathro-----------------------| 30 | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

1117: | |

 Hedman-----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1119: | |

 Nielsville-------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Restricted permeability

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1121: | |

 Hedman-----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1122: | |

 Nielsville-------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Perella----------------------| 40 | Ponding

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

1142: | |

 Hedman-----------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Fram-------------------------| 40 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 215

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

1144: | |

 Strathcona-------------------| 45 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Kratka-----------------------| 45 | Excessive permeability

 | | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1152B: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Limited content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1152C: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Limited content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1152E: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Limited content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1233D: | |

 Esmond-----------------------| 60 | Slope

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Heimdal----------------------| 30 | Slope

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Previously eroded

 | | Water erosion

 | |

1264: | |

 Ulen-------------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
216 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

1278: | |

 Rosewood---------------------| 50 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Venlo------------------------| 40 | Excessive permeability

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1279: | |

 Vallers----------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Hamerly----------------------| 40 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1280: | |

 Gunclub----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1283: | |

 Reis-------------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

 Clearwater-------------------| 40 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

1297: | |

 Augsburg---------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1299: | |

 Borup------------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1304A: | |

 Glyndon----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 217

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

1304B: | |

 Glyndon----------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water erosion

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1315A: | |

 Wheatville-------------------| 90 | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1323B: | |

 LaDelle----------------------| 90 | Flooding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | |

1325: | |

 Bowstring--------------------| 45 | Flooding

 | | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

 Fluvaquents------------------| 45 | Flooding

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

1356: | |

 Water, miscellaneous---------| 100 | ---

 | |

1422: | |

 Northwood--------------------| 90 | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1866: | |

 Colvin-----------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Perella----------------------| 40 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |

1871: | |

 Fargo------------------------| 90 | Ponding

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | |
218 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

1874: | |

 Radium-----------------------| 90 | Excessive permeability

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1878: | |

 Hamre------------------------| 90 | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1879: | |

 Seelyeville------------------| 90 | High content of organic matter

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1882: | |

 Rosewood---------------------| 30 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Limited available water capacity

 | | Ponding

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Strathcona-------------------| 30 | Excessive permeability

 | | Lime content

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Berner-----------------------| 30 | Excessive permeability

 | | High content of organic matter

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

1916: | |

 Lindaas----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Ponding

 | | Water table

 | |

1963: | |

 Bearden----------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Colvin-----------------------| 40 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 219

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Cropland management

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

1964: | |

 Colvin-----------------------| 50 | Lime content

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | Wind erosion

 | |

 Fargo------------------------| 40 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | | Water table

 | | ______________________________________________________________________________________
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture (Yields in the "N" columns are for nonirrigated areas; those in the "I" column are for irrigated areas. Yiel

 can be expected under a high level of management. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not sui the crop generally is not grown on the soil.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20B--------------| 2e | --- | 4.5 | --- | 70 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 90 | --- | --- | --- | 1800  Chapett | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20C2-------------| 3e | --- | 2.8 | --- | 60 | --- | 4.0 | --- | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 1400  Chapett | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20D2-------------| 4e | --- | 2.3 | --- | 50 | --- | 3.0 | --- | 60 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Chapett | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20E--------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Chapett | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 38B--------------| 2e | --- | 4.5 | --- | 70 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 90 | --- | --- | --- | 1800  Waukon | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 38C2-------------| 3e | --- | 2.8 | --- | 60 | --- | 3.2 | --- | 75 | --- | --- | --- | 1400  Waukon | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 38D2-------------| 4e | --- | 2.3 | --- | 45 | --- | 3.0 | --- | 50 | --- | --- | --- | 875  Waukon | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 45B--------------| 4s | --- | 3.0 | --- | 25 | --- | 3.9 | --- | 40 | --- | --- | --- | 1200  Maddock | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 45C--------------| 6s | --- | 2.6 | --- | 20 | --- | 3.4 | --- | 30 | --- | --- | --- | 900  Maddock | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 45E--------------| 6s | --- | 1.0 | --- | --- | --- | 2.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Maddock | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 47---------------| 2w | --- | 4.0 | --- | 90 | --- | --- | --- | 90 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 2000  Colvin | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 57A--------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 85 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1900  Fargo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 59---------------| 2s | --- | 4.2 | --- | 80 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 1700  Grimstad | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 65---------------| 3s | --- | 4.0 | --- | 65 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 60 | --- | --- | --- | 1450  Foxhome | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 66---------------| 4s | --- | 4.0 | --- | 43 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 50 | --- | --- | --- | 985  Flaming | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 67A--------------| 2s | --- | 5.0 | --- | 100 | --- | --- | --- | 85 | --- | 19.5 | --- | 2200  Bearden | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 67B--------------| 2e | --- | 4.5 | --- | 90 | --- | --- | --- | 70 | --- | 19.0 | --- | 2000  Bearden | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 93A--------------| 2s | --- | 4.8 | --- | 95 | --- | --- | --- | 80 | --- | 19.0 | --- | 2000  Bearden | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 111--------------| 4w | --- | 3.0 | --- | 40 | --- | 3.8 | --- | 45 | --- | --- | --- | 1200  Hangaard | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 184A-------------| 2s | --- | 4.8 | --- | 90 | --- | 6.2 | --- | 80 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2100  Hamerly | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 185D2------------| 4e | --- | 2.3 | --- | 45 | --- | 3.0 | --- | 40 | --- | --- | --- | 720  Hattie | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 236--------------| 2w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 75 | --- | 4.9 | --- | 80 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 2000  Vallers | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 242B-------------| 4s | --- | 2.8 | --- | 30 | --- | 3.6 | --- | 35 | --- | --- | --- | 800  Marquette | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 242D-------------| 7s | --- | 1.6 | --- | --- | --- | 2.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Marquette | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 258B-------------| 4s | 4s | 3.0 | --- | 30 | --- | 3.9 | --- | 35 | 170 | --- | --- | 900  Sandberg | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 258C-------------| 6s | 6s | 2.2 | --- | 20 | --- | 2.8 | --- | 30 | 165 | --- | --- | 685  Sandberg | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 258E-------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Sandberg | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 296--------------| 2e | --- | 4.8 | --- | 85 | --- | 6.2 | --- | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 1800  Fram | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 341B-------------| 4s | --- | 3.5 | --- | 35 | --- | 4.5 | --- | 35 | --- | --- | --- | 900  Arvilla | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 348--------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 40 | --- | --- | --- | 45 | --- | 13.0 | --- | 1300  Borup | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 372--------------| 4w | --- | 3.0 | --- | --- | --- | 3.9 | --- | 45 | --- | --- | --- | 1300  Hamar | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 387--------------| 3w | --- | 2.1 | --- | 45 | --- | 2.7 | --- | 70 | --- | --- | --- | 1350  Roliss | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 412--------------| 3w | --- | 3.2 | --- | 60 | --- | 4.2 | --- | 45 | --- | --- | --- | 1600  Mavie | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 422A-------------| 1 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 100 | --- | 7.0 | --- | 100 | --- | 19.5 | --- | 4  Bygland | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 422B-------------| 2e | --- | 4.5 | --- | 100 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 95 | --- | 19.5 | --- | ---  Bygland | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 422C2------------| 3e | --- | 3.0 | --- | 3 | --- | 4.0 | --- | 80 | --- | 16.0 | --- | ---  Bygland | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 426--------------| 3s | --- | 4.2 | --- | 75 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 65 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1500  Foldahl | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 435--------------| 4w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 55 | --- | 4.6 | --- | 55 | --- | --- | --- | 1300  Syrene | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 439--------------| 2w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 70 | --- | 4.9 | --- | 65 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1800  Strathcona | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 450--------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | 25 | --- | --- | --- | 30 | --- | 12.0 | --- | 1100  Rauville | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 481--------------| 3w | --- | 3.6 | --- | 65 | --- | --- | --- | 55 | --- | --- | --- | 1600  Kratka | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 494B-------------| 2e | --- | 4.2 | --- | 75 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 1900  Darnen | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 506--------------| 1 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 100 | --- | 6.5 | --- | 95 | --- | 19.0 | --- | 2000  Overly | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 540--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Seelyeville | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 543--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Markey | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 544--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Cathro | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 547--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Deerwood | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 563--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | 10 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Northwood | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 565--------------| 3s | --- | 4.0 | --- | 65 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 65 | --- | --- | --- | 1500  Eckvoll | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 573D-------------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Serden | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 582--------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 75 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 75 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 2000  Roliss | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 641--------------| 2w | --- | 3.2 | --- | 70 | --- | 4.2 | --- | 80 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1800  Clearwater | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 642--------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 75 | --- | 4.9 | --- | 85 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 1900  Clearwater | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 643--------------| 2s | --- | 4.4 | --- | 75 | --- | 5.7 | --- | 75 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1900  Huot | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 645--------------| 2w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 70 | --- | 4.2 | --- | 70 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1650  Espelie | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 647--------------| 3s | --- | 4.2 | --- | 70 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 65 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1400  Hilaire | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 650--------------| 1 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 95 | --- | 6.8 | --- | 100 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2300  Reiner | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 651--------------| 2w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 70 | --- | 4.9 | --- | 75 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1800  Thiefriver | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 667B-------------| 2e | --- | 4.3 | --- | 75 | --- | 5.6 | --- | 75 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 1600  Fairdale | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 667C2------------| 3e | --- | 2.8 | --- | 65 | --- | 3.6 | --- | 65 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1300  Fairdale | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 670--------------| 1 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 95 | --- | 6.7 | --- | 95 | --- | --- | --- | 2300  Knute | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 671--------------| 1 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 95 | --- | 6.2 | --- | 100 | --- | --- | --- | 2300  Onstad | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 681--------------| 2w | --- | 4.0 | --- | 70 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 70 | --- | --- | --- | 1900  Brandsvold | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 694D2------------| 6e | --- | 3.0 | --- | 60 | --- | 4.0 | --- | 50 | --- | --- | --- | 1000  Zell | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 704--------------| 3e | --- | 3.2 | --- | 45 | --- | 4.2 | --- | 50 | --- | --- | --- | 1300  Wyrene | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 707A-------------| 2e | --- | 4.5 | --- | 80 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 90 | --- | --- | --- | 1800  Lizzie | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 712--------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 60 | --- | --- | --- | 55 | --- | --- | --- | 1400  Rosewood | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 713--------------| 3s | --- | 4.0 | --- | 65 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 70 | --- | --- | --- | 16  Linveldt | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 718B-------------| 2e | --- | 4.5 | --- | 80 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 85 | --- | --- | --- | 1800  Naytahwaush | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 718C-------------| 3e | --- | 3.0 | --- | 70 | --- | 3.9 | --- | 70 | --- | --- | --- | 1600  Naytahwaush | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 718E-------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | 30 | --- | 1.3 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Naytahwaush | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 733--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | 15 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Berner | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 735B-------------| 3s | --- | 3.5 | --- | 70 | --- | 4.0 | --- | 85 | --- | --- | --- | 1500  Halverson | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 735C-------------| 4e | --- | 3.0 | --- | 60 | --- | 3.5 | --- | 75 | --- | --- | --- | 1400  Halverson | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 737--------------| 2s | --- | 4.5 | --- | 75 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 85 | --- | --- | --- | 1800  Mahkonce | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 746--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Haslie | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 749--------------| 3w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 60 | --- | 4.1 | --- | 65 | --- | --- | --- | 1600  Colvin | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 765--------------| 2w | --- | 4.0 | --- | 80 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 85 | --- | --- | --- | 2000  Smiley | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 767--------------| 2w | --- | 4.5 | --- | 70 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 60 | --- | --- | --- | 1500  Auganaush | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 791--------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Winterfield | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 827B-------------| | | 4.5 | --- | 80 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 75 | --- | --- | --- | ---  Heimdal---------| 2e | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Esmond----------| 3e | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 827C2------------| | | 2.8 | --- | 60 | --- | 3.6 | --- | 60 | --- | --- | --- | 1600  Heimdal---------| 3e | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Esmond----------| 4e | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 908--------------| | | 4.6 | --- | 85 | --- | 5.9 | --- | 85 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 2000  Bearden---------| 2s | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Fargo-----------| 2w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 935--------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 75 | --- | --- | --- | 70 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1900  Hegne-Fargo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunflo and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  ___________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt |  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 967B-------------| | | 4.6 | --- | 70 | --- | 6.0 | --- | 75 | --- | --- | --- | 1800 |  Waukon----------| 2e | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Langhei---------| 3e | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 967C2------------| | | 2.5 | --- | 55 | --- | 3.2 | --- | 65 | --- | --- | --- | 1200 |  Waukon----------| 3e | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Langhei---------| 4e | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 979D2------------| | | 1.8 | --- | 40 | --- | --- | --- | 45 | --- | --- | --- | 800 |  Langhei---------| 6e | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Waukon----------| 4e | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1006-------------| | | 2.5 | --- | --- | --- | 3.5 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Fluvaquents-----| 6w | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Haploborolls----| 6e | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1030: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments----| 8s | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1113-------------| 8w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Haslie, | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville, | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  and Cathro | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1117-------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 75 | --- | 4.6 | --- | 85 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1800 |  Hedman | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1119-------------| 2w | --- | 4.0 | --- | 85 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 90 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 2000 |  Nielsville | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1121-------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 40 | --- | --- | --- | 45 | --- | --- | --- | 1100 |  Hedman | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1122-------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 80 | --- | 4.6 | --- | 85 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 1900 |  Nielsville- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Perella | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1142-------------| | | 4.0 | --- | 75 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 75 | --- | --- | --- | 1900  Hedman----------| 2w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Fram------------| 2e | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1144-------------| | | --- | --- | 40 | --- | --- | --- | 50 | --- | --- | --- | 1000  Strathcona------| 3w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Kratka----------| 4w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1152B------------| 3s | --- | 2.8 | --- | 40 | --- | 3.6 | --- | 45 | --- | 9.0 | --- | 1000  Sugarbush | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1152C------------| 4e | --- | 1.8 | --- | 30 | --- | 2.3 | --- | 35 | --- | --- | --- | 850  Sugarbush | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1152E------------| 6e | --- | 1.0 | --- | 15 | --- | 1.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Sugarbush | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1233D------------| | | 2.2 | --- | 30 | --- | 2.8 | --- | 30 | --- | --- | --- | 600  Esmond----------| 6e | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Heimdal---------| 4e | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1264-------------| 3s | --- | 4.0 | --- | 65 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 70 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1300  Ulen | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1278-------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 45 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1400  Rosewood-Venlo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1279-------------| | | 3.7 | --- | 65 | --- | --- | --- | 75 | --- | 20.0 | --- | 1950  Vallers---------| 2w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Hamerly---------| 2s | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1280-------------| 2s | --- | 5.0 | --- | 95 | --- | 6.5 | --- | 90 | --- | 20.0 | --- | 2000  Gunclub | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1283-------------| 2w | --- | 3.6 | --- | 80 | --- | 4.8 | --- | 75 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1800  Reis-Clearwater | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1297-------------| 2w | --- | 4.0 | --- | 70 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 75 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 1800  Augsburg | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1299-------------| 2w | --- | 4.0 | --- | 85 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 80 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 1900  Borup | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1304A------------| 2s | --- | 5.0 | --- | 100 | --- | 6.5 | --- | 90 | --- | 20.0 | --- | 2300  Glyndon | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1304B------------| 2e | --- | 4.5 | --- | 90 | --- | 5.8 | --- | 85 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2000  Glyndon | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1315A------------| 2s | --- | 4.6 | --- | 95 | --- | 6.0 | --- | 70 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2000  Wheatville | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1323B------------| 1 | --- | 4.0 | --- | 70 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 65 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 1800  LaDelle | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1325-------------| 6w | --- | 2.2 | --- | 15 | --- | 2.8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Bowstring- | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1356. | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Water, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  miscellaneous | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1422-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Northwood | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1866-------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 80 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 1800  Colvin-Perella | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1871-------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 25 | --- | --- | --- | 30 | --- | 13.0 | --- | 1200  Fargo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1874-------------| 4s | --- | 3.2 | --- | 45 | --- | 4.2 | --- | 45 | --- | --- | --- | 1400  Radium | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1878-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | 15 | --- | 4.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Hamre | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1879-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Seelyeville | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1882-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | 10 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  Rosewood, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Strathcona, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  and Berner | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Corn | Sugar beets | Sunfl and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  __________________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | Cwt  ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1916-------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 80 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 16.0 | --- | ---  Lindaas | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1963-------------| | | 4.2 | --- | 100 | --- | --- | --- | 90 | --- | 19.5 | --- | 2200  Bearden---------| 2s | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Colvin----------| 2w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1964-------------| 2w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 85 | --- | 4.9 | --- | 85 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2000  Colvin-Fargo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * Animal unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, or five goats) for 30 days.
230 Soil Survey of

Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed

 are not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions,

 the conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

20B |Chapett fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

38B |Waukon loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

47 |Colvin silty clay loam (where drained)

57A |Fargo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

59 |Grimstad fine sandy loam

67A |Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

67B |Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

93A |Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

184A |Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

236 |Vallers loam (where drained)

296 |Fram loam

422A |Bygland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

422B |Bygland silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

439 |Strathcona fine sandy loam (where drained)

494B |Darnen loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

506 |Overly silty clay loam

582 |Roliss loam (where drained)

641 |Clearwater clay (where drained)

642 |Clearwater loam (where drained)

643 |Huot fine sandy loam

645 |Espelie fine sandy loam (where drained)

650 |Reiner fine sandy loam

651 |Thiefriver fine sandy loam (where drained)

667B |Fairdale silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where protected from flooding)

670 |Knute fine sandy loam

671 |Onstad loam

681 |Brandsvold loam (where drained)

707A |Lizzie silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes

713 |Linveldt fine sandy loam

718B |Naytahwaush loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

737 |Mahkonce loam

749 |Colvin silt loam, occasionally flooded (where drained and protected from flooding)

765 |Smiley loam (where drained)

767 |Auganaush loam (where drained)

827B |Heimdal-Esmond complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes

908 |Bearden-Fargo complex (where drained)

935 |Hegne-Fargo complex (where drained)

967B |Waukon-Langhei complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes

1117 |Hedman loam (where drained)

1119 |Nielsville silty clay loam (where drained)

1122 |Nielsville-Perella complex (where drained)

1142 |Hedman-Fram complex (where drained)

1279 |Vallers-Hamerly complex (where drained)

1280 |Gunclub silty clay loam

1283 |Reis-Clearwater complex (where drained)

1297 |Augsburg very fine sandy loam (where drained)

1299 |Borup very fine sandy loam (where drained)

1304A |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

1304B |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

1315A |Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

1323B |LaDelle silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where protected from flooding)

1866 |Colvin-Perella complex (where drained)

1916 |Lindaas silty clay loam (where drained)

1963 |Bearden-Colvin complex (where drained)

1964 |Colvin-Fargo complex (where drained)

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings

 (Absence of an entry indicates that trees generally do not grow to the given height.)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 20B: | | | |  Chapett-----------------|Nanking cherry------|American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | blue spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, | Russian-olive |  | | silver buffaloberry| |  | | | | 20C2: | | | |  Chapett-----------------|Nanking cherry------|American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | blue spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, | Russian-olive |  | | silver buffaloberry| |  | | | | 20D2: | | | |  Chapett-----------------|Nanking cherry------|American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | blue spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, | Russian-olive |  | | silver buffaloberry| |  | | | | 20E: | | | |  Chapett-----------------|Nanking cherry------|American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | blue spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, | Russian-olive |  | | silver buffaloberry| |  | | | | 38B: | | | |  Waukon------------------|Redosier dogwood----|American |Manchurian |Jack pine----------- | | cranberrybush, | crabapple, |  | | Siberian peashrub, | nannyberry |  | | hedge cotoneaster, | |  | | beechleaf frangula,| |  | | gray dogwood, late | |  | | lilac, southern | |  | | arrowwood | |  | | | | 38C2: | | | |  Waukon------------------|Redosier dogwood----|American |Manchurian |Jack pine----------- | | cranberrybush, | crabapple, |  | | Siberian peashrub, | nannyberry |  | | hedge cotoneaster, | |  | | beechleaf frangula,| |  | | gray dogwood, late | |  | | lilac, southern | |  | | arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 38D2: | | | |  Waukon------------------|Redosier dogwood----|American |Manchurian |Jack pine----------- | | cranberrybush, | crabapple, |  | | Siberian peashrub, | nannyberry |  | | hedge cotoneaster, | |  | | beechleaf frangula,| |  | | gray dogwood, late | |  | | lilac, southern | |  | | arrowwood | |  | | | | 45B: | | | |  Maddock-----------------|Siberian peashrub, |American plum, |Bur oak, Russian- | ---  | common lilac, | Siberian crabapple,| olive, green ash, |  | silver buffaloberry| common chokecherry,| ponderosa pine |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 45C, 45E: | | | |  Maddock. | | | |  | | | | 47: | | | |  Colvin------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |White spruce, golden | | common lilac, | crabapple, blue | willow  | | American plum, | spruce |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | | 57A: | | | |  Fargo-------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | Siberian crabapple | willow  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | American plum, | |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | | 59: | | | |  Grimstad----------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow------- | | common chokecherry,| spruce, white |  | | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak |  | | | | 65: | | | |  Foxhome-----------------|Siberian peashrub, |Siberian crabapple, |Ponderosa pine, | ---  | Tatarian | Manchurian | Siberian elm |  | honeysuckle, common| crabapple, Russian-| |  | chokecherry, common| olive, green ash | |  | lilac, eastern | | |  | redcedar, silver | | |  | buffaloberry | | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 66: | | | |  Flaming-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |American plum, |Manchurian |Golden willow----- | redosier dogwood | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, blue |  | | Tatarian | spruce, white |  | | honeysuckle, common| spruce |  | | chokecherry, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 67A: | | | |  Bearden-----------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | eastern redcedar, | golden willow,  | | common lilac | blue spruce, | green ash  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 67B: | | | |  Bearden-----------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | eastern redcedar, | golden willow,  | | common lilac | blue spruce, | green ash  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 93A: | | | |  Bearden-----------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | eastern redcedar, | golden willow,  | | common lilac | blue spruce, | green ash  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 111: | | | |  Hangaard----------------|Siberian peashrub, |Tatarian |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | honeysuckle, common| spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | chokecherry, | white spruce |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 184A: | | | |  Hamerly-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Golden willow----- | redosier dogwood | Siberian peashrub, | green ash |  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | ponderosa pine | |  | | | | 185D2: | | | |  Hattie------------------|American plum, |Persian lilac, |Austrian pine, |Green ash, Siberian  | common chokecherry,| Siberian peashrub, | Russian-olive | elm  | common lilac, | Manchurian | |  | honeysuckle | crabapple, eastern | |  | | redcedar | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 236: | | | |  Vallers-----------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 242B: | | | |  Marquette---------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Green ash, red pine |Siberian elm,  | common lilac, | Russian-olive, blue| | eastern cottonwood  | sargent crabapple, | spruce, eastern | |  | silver buffaloberry| redcedar | |  | | | | 242D: | | | |  Marquette---------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Green ash, red pine |Siberian elm,  | common lilac, | Russian-olive, blue| | eastern cottonwood  | sargent crabapple, | spruce, eastern | |  | silver buffaloberry| redcedar | |  | | | | 258B, 258C, 258E: | | | |  Sandberg. | | | |  | | | | 296: | | | |  Fram--------------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Golden willow, green | | Siberian peashrub, | common hackberry, | ash  | | common lilac, blue | ponderosa pine |  | | spruce, eastern | |  | | redcedar | |  | | | | 341B: | | | |  Arvilla-----------------|Siberian peashrub, |Rocky Mountain |Ponderosa pine, |Siberian elm,  | common chokecherry,| juniper, Russian- | green ash | honeylocust  | common lilac | olive, Siberian | |  | | crabapple, eastern | |  | | redcedar | |  | | | | 348: | | | |  Borup-------------------|Redosier dogwood----| --- | --- |Golden willow, white | | | | willow  | | | | 372: | | | |  Hamar-------------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Siberian crabapple, |Green ash, golden  | common lilac, | | eastern redcedar, | willow  | silver buffaloberry| | blue spruce, |  | | | ponderosa pine, |  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 387: | | | |  Roliss------------------|Redosier dogwood----| --- | --- |Golden willow, white | | | | willow  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 412: | | | |  Mavie-------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 422A: | | | |  Bygland-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Golden willow, green | redosier dogwood | eastern redcedar, | common chokecherry,| ash  | | American plum | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 422B: | | | |  Bygland-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Golden willow, green | redosier dogwood | eastern redcedar, | common chokecherry,| ash  | | American plum | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 422C2: | | | |  Bygland-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Golden willow, green | redosier dogwood | eastern redcedar, | common chokecherry,| ash  | | American plum | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 426: | | | |  Foldahl-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |American plum, |Manchurian |Golden willow------- | redosier dogwood | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, blue |  | | Tatarian | spruce, white |  | | honeysuckle, common| spruce |  | | chokecherry, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 435: | | | |  Syrene------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 439: | | | |  Strathcona--------------|Common lilac, |Siberian peashrub, |White spruce, blue | ---  | redosier dogwood | common chokecherry,| spruce, green ash |  | | eastern arborvitae,| |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 450: | | | |  Rauville. | | | |  | | | | 481: | | | |  Kratka------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 494B: | | | |  Darnen------------------|Redosier dogwood----|American plum, |Manchurian |Green ash, ponderosa | | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, blue | pine  | | common lilac, | spruce, bur oak, |  | | eastern redcedar | Russian-olive |  | | | | 506: | | | |  Overly------------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | eastern redcedar, | golden willow,  | | common lilac | blue spruce, | green ash  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | | 540: | | | |  Seelyeville-------------| --- | --- | --- |Golden willow, white | | | | willow  | | | | 543: | | | |  Markey. | | | |  | | | | 544: | | | |  Cathro. | | | |  | | | | 547: | | | |  Deerwood----------------| --- | --- | --- |Golden willow, white | | | | willow  | | | | 563: | | | |  Northwood. | | | |  | | | | 565: | | | |  Eckvoll-----------------| --- |American |Eastern redcedar, |Eastern white pine,  | | cranberrybush, | eastern arborvitae,| jack pine, red  | | Siberian peashrub, | blue spruce, white | pine, green ash  | | common lilac, | spruce |  | | redosier dogwood | |  | | | | 573D: | | | |  Serden. | | | |  | | | | 582: | | | |  Roliss------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | cotoneaster, | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | eastern redcedar | white spruce |  | | | | 641: | | | |  Clearwater--------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | cotoneaster, | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | eastern redcedar | white spruce |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 642: | | | |  Clearwater--------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | cotoneaster, | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | eastern redcedar | white spruce |  | | | | 643: | | | |  Huot--------------------|Sargent crabapple---|Siberian peashrub, |Russian-olive, white|Common hackberry---- | | common chokecherry,| spruce, bur oak |  | | common lilac, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 645: | | | |  Espelie-----------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |Golden willow------- | | common lilac, | crabapple, blue |  | | American plum, | spruce, white |  | | Tatarian | spruce |  | | honeysuckle, common| |  | | chokecherry | |  | | | | 647: | | | |  Hilaire-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |American plum, |Manchurian |Golden willow------- | redosier dogwood | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, blue |  | | Tatarian | spruce, white |  | | honeysuckle, common| spruce |  | | chokecherry, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 650: | | | |  Reiner------------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow------- | | Tatarian | spruce, white |  | | honeysuckle, common| spruce, bur oak |  | | chokecherry, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 651: | | | |  Thiefriver--------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 667B: | | | |  Fairdale----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |American plum, |Black Hills spruce |Green ash, golden  | redosier dogwood | Siberian peashrub, | | willow  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | ponderosa pine | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 667C2: | | | |  Fairdale----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |American plum, |Black Hills spruce |Green ash, golden  | redosier dogwood | Siberian peashrub, | | willow  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | ponderosa pine | |  | | | | 670: | | | |  Knute-------------------| --- |American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash----------- | | Siberian peashrub, | eastern redcedar, |  | | blue spruce, common| Russian-olive, |  | | lilac | eastern arborvitae,|  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 671: | | | |  Onstad------------------| --- |Gray dogwood, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash----------- | | Siberian peashrub, | eastern redcedar, |  | | blue spruce, common| bur oak, eastern |  | | lilac, silver | arborvitae, white |  | | buffaloberry | spruce |  | | | | 681: | | | |  Brandsvold--------------| --- |American plum, |Amur maple, white |Siberian elm-------- | | Siberian peashrub, | spruce, Black Hills|  | | common lilac, | spruce, blue |  | | redosier dogwood | spruce, common |  | | | hackberry |  | | | | 694D2: | | | |  Zell--------------------|American plum, |Rocky Mountain |Green ash, ponderosa| ---  | Siberian peashrub, | juniper, eastern | pine, Siberian elm |  | common lilac, | redcedar, Russian- | |  | silver buffaloberry| olive, common | |  | | hackberry | |  | | | | 704: | | | |  Wyrene------------------|American plum, |Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Golden willow------- | Peking cotoneaster,| common chokecherry,| green ash |  | redosier dogwood | eastern redcedar, | |  | | ponderosa pine | |  | | | | 707A: | | | |  Lizzie------------------|Nanking cherry------|American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | blue spruce | red pine  | | silver | |  | | buffaloberry, | |  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | common lilac | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 712: | | | |  Rosewood----------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 713: | | | |  Linveldt----------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow------- | | Tatarian | spruce, white |  | | honeysuckle, common| spruce, bur oak |  | | chokecherry, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 718B: | | | |  Naytahwaush-------------| --- |American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Eastern white pine,  | | Siberian peashrub, | white spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, Amur | Russian-olive, |  | | maple | common hackberry |  | | | | 718C: | | | |  Naytahwaush-------------| --- |American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Eastern white pine,  | | Siberian peashrub, | white spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, Amur | Russian-olive, |  | | maple | common hackberry |  | | | | 718E: | | | |  Naytahwaush-------------| --- |American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Eastern white pine,  | | Siberian peashrub, | white spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, Amur | Russian-olive, |  | | maple | common hackberry |  | | | | 733: | | | |  Berner. | | | |  | | | | 735B: | | | |  Halverson---------------|Peking cotoneaster |American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash, Siberian  | | common lilac, Amur | blue spruce, white | elm  | | maple, Siberian | spruce |  | | crabapple | |  | | | | 735C: | | | |  Halverson---------------|Peking cotoneaster |American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash, Siberian  | | common lilac, Amur | blue spruce, white | elm  | | maple, Siberian | spruce |  | | crabapple | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 737: | | | |  Mahkonce----------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |White spruce, |Eastern white pine | | common lilac, Amur | Russian-olive | green ash, red pin | | maple, common | |  | | chokecherry | |  | | | | 746: | | | |  Haslie. | | | |  | | | | 749: | | | |  Colvin------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |White spruce, golde | | common lilac, | crabapple, blue | willow  | | American plum, | spruce |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | | 765: | | | |  Smiley------------------|Common lilac, |Siberian peashrub, | --- | ---  | honeysuckle, | late lilac, | |  | redosier dogwood, | American plum, | |  | sargent crabapple | common chokecherry,| |  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | gray dogwood, | |  | | nannyberry, silver | |  | | buffaloberry | |  | | | | 767: | | | |  Auganaush---------------| --- |Siberian peashrub, |Amur maple, Black |Norway spruce,  | | common chokecherry | Hills spruce, | northern red oak,  | | | Russian-olive, | green ash  | | | eastern arborvitae,|  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 791: | | | |  Winterfield-------------|Common ninebark, |American |Eastern arborvitae, |Norway spruce,  | silky dogwood | cranberrybush, | white spruce | Siberian crabapple | | common lilac, Amur | | eastern white pine | | maple, nannyberry | | green ash  | | | | 827B: | | | |  Heimdal-----------------|Nanking cherry------|American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | blue spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, | Russian-olive |  | | silver buffaloberry| |  | | | |  Esmond. | | | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 827C2: | | | |  Heimdal-----------------|Nanking cherry------|American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | blue spruce, | green ash  | | common lilac, | Russian-olive |  | | silver buffaloberry| |  | | | |  Esmond. | | | |  | | | | 908: | | | |  Bearden-----------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | eastern redcedar, | golden willow,  | | common lilac | blue spruce, | green ash  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | |  Fargo-------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | Siberian crabapple | willow  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | American plum, | |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | | 935: | | | |  Hegne-------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | |  Fargo-------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | Siberian crabapple | willow  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | American plum, | |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | | 967B: | | | |  Waukon------------------|Redosier dogwood----|American |Manchurian |Jack pine----------- | | cranberrybush, | crabapple, |  | | Siberian peashrub, | nannyberry |  | | hedge cotoneaster, | |  | | beechleaf frangula,| |  | | gray dogwood, late | |  | | lilac, southern | |  | | arrowwood | |  | | | |  Langhei-----------------|Rocky Mountain |Russian-olive, |Green ash, Siberian | ---  | juniper, Siberian | ponderosa pine | elm |  | peashrub, common | | |  | lilac, eastern | | |  | redcedar | | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 967C2: | | | |  Waukon------------------|Redosier dogwood----|American |Manchurian |Jack pine----------- | | cranberrybush, | crabapple, |  | | Siberian peashrub, | nannyberry |  | | hedge cotoneaster, | |  | | beechleaf frangula,| |  | | gray dogwood, late | |  | | lilac, southern | |  | | arrowwood | |  | | | |  Langhei-----------------|Rocky Mountain |Russian-olive, |Green ash, Siberian | ---  | juniper, Siberian | ponderosa pine | elm |  | peashrub, common | | |  | lilac, eastern | | |  | redcedar | | |  | | | | 979D2: | | | |  Langhei-----------------|Rocky Mountain |Russian-olive, |Green ash, Siberian | ---  | juniper, Siberian | ponderosa pine | elm |  | peashrub, common | | |  | lilac, eastern | | |  | redcedar | | |  | | | |  Waukon------------------|Redosier dogwood----|American |Manchurian |Jack pine----------- | | cranberrybush, | crabapple, |  | | Siberian peashrub, | nannyberry |  | | hedge cotoneaster, | |  | | beechleaf frangula,| |  | | gray dogwood, late | |  | | lilac, southern | |  | | arrowwood | |  | | | | 1006: | | | |  Fluvaquents. | | | |  | | | |  Haploborolls------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Green ash,  | | Siberian peashrub, | Russian-olive, bur | honeylocust  | | common lilac, | oak, ponderosa |  | | eastern redcedar | pine, blue spruce |  | | | | 1030: | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | |  | | | |  Udipsamments. | | | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1113: | | | |  Haslie. | | | |  | | | |  Seelyeville. | | | |  | | | |  Cathro. | | | |  | | | | 1117: | | | |  Hedman------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry |Eastern redcedar, |Golden willow, green | common lilac, | | Russian-olive, blue| ash, Siberian elm  | redosier dogwood | | spruce, white |  | | | spruce |  | | | | 1119: | | | |  Nielsville--------------|Siberian crabapple, |Siberian peashrub, |Blue spruce, | ---  | common lilac | American plum, | ponderosa pine, |  | | eastern redcedar | common hackberry, |  | | | green ash |  | | | | 1121: | | | |  Hedman------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Black spruce--------|Tamarack, black ash |Golden willow, white | | | | willow  | | | | 1122: | | | |  Nielsville--------------|Siberian crabapple, |Siberian peashrub, |Blue spruce, | ---  | common lilac | American plum, | ponderosa pine, |  | | eastern redcedar | common hackberry, |  | | | green ash |  | | | |  Perella-----------------|Siberian peashrub, | --- |Siberian crabapple, |Green ash, golden  | common lilac, | | eastern redcedar, | willow  | silver buffaloberry| | blue spruce, |  | | | ponderosa pine, |  | | | common hackberry |  | | | | 1142: | | | |  Hedman------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry |Eastern redcedar, |Golden willow, green | common lilac, | | Russian-olive, blue| ash, Siberian elm  | redosier dogwood | | spruce, white |  | | | spruce |  | | | |  Fram--------------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Golden willow, green | | Siberian peashrub, | common hackberry, | ash  | | common lilac, blue | ponderosa pine |  | | spruce, eastern | |  | | redcedar | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1144: | | | |  Strathcona--------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Eastern arborvitae, |Golden willow------- | | gray dogwood | white spruce, |  | | | Russian-olive, |  | | | green ash |  | | | |  Kratka------------------|Redosier dogwood, |Siberian peashrub, |White spruce, |White willow, golden | silver buffaloberry| gray dogwood | Russian-olive, | willow  | | | green ash |  | | | | 1152B: | | | |  Sugarbush---------------|Late lilac, sargent |American plum, | --- | ---  | crabapple | eastern arborvitae,| |  | | Amur maple, | |  | | Manchurian | |  | | crabapple, Siberian| |  | | peashrub, bur oak, | |  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | common hackberry, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 1152C: | | | |  Sugarbush---------------|Late lilac, sargent |American plum, | --- | ---  | crabapple | eastern arborvitae,| |  | | Amur maple, | |  | | Manchurian | |  | | crabapple, Siberian| |  | | peashrub, bur oak, | |  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | common hackberry, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 1152E: | | | |  Sugarbush---------------|Late lilac, sargent |American plum, | --- | ---  | crabapple | eastern arborvitae,| |  | | Amur maple, | |  | | Manchurian | |  | | crabapple, Siberian| |  | | peashrub, bur oak, | |  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | common hackberry, | |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 1233D: | | | |  Esmond. | | | |  | | | |  Heimdal. | | | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1264: | | | |  Ulen--------------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow------- | | common chokecherry,| spruce, white |  | | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak |  | | | | 1278: | | | |  Rosewood----------------|Sandbar willow, |Common chokecherry, |Black Hills spruce, |Laurel willow,  | Siberian peashrub, | common lilac, | black ash | silver maple  | redosier dogwood | eastern arborvitae | |  | | | |  Venlo. | | | |  | | | | 1279: | | | |  Vallers-----------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | |  Hamerly-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |American plum, |Black Hills spruce, |Golden willow------- | redosier dogwood | Siberian peashrub, | green ash |  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | ponderosa pine | |  | | | | 1280: | | | |  Gunclub-----------------|Siberian crabapple |American plum, |Ponderosa pine------|Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | | golden willow,  | | blue spruce, common| | green ash  | | lilac, eastern | |  | | redcedar | |  | | | | 1283: | | | |  Reis--------------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |White spruce, |Siberian elm-------- | | cotoneaster, common| Russian-olive, blue|  | | chokecherry, | spruce, green ash |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | |  Clearwater--------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | cotoneaster, | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | eastern redcedar | white spruce |  | | | | 1297: | | | |  Augsburg----------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 1299: | | | |  Borup-------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow,  | common lilac | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak, | Siberian elm  | | | white spruce |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1304A: | | | |  Glyndon-----------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow------- | | common chokecherry,| spruce, white |  | | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak |  | | | | 1304B: | | | |  Glyndon-----------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow------- | | common chokecherry,| spruce, white |  | | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak |  | | | | 1315A: | | | |  Wheatville--------------|Common lilac--------|Siberian peashrub, |Russian-olive, blue |Golden willow------- | | common chokecherry,| spruce, white |  | | eastern redcedar | spruce, bur oak |  | | | | 1323B: | | | |  LaDelle-----------------| --- |American plum, |Manchurian |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | crabapple, eastern | golden willow,  | | common lilac | redcedar, blue | green ash  | | | spruce, ponderosa |  | | | pine |  | | | | 1325: | | | |  Bowstring. | | | |  | | | |  Fluvaquents. | | | |  | | | | 1356: | | | |  Water, miscellaneous. | | | |  | | | | 1422: | | | |  Northwood. | | | |  | | | | 1866: | | | |  Colvin------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |White spruce, golden | | common lilac, | crabapple, blue | willow  | | American plum, | spruce |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | |  Perella-----------------|Peking cotoneaster, |American plum, |Black Hills spruce |Green ash, golden  | redosier dogwood | Siberian peashrub, | | willow  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | ponderosa pine | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1871: | | | |  Fargo-------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |Golden willow------- | | common lilac, | crabapple, blue |  | | American plum, | spruce, white |  | | common chokecherry | spruce |  | | | | 1874: | | | |  Radium------------------|Siberian peashrub, |Common chokecherry |Black Hills spruce, |Siberian elm,  | common lilac, | | Russian-olive, | eastern cottonwood, | cotoneaster | | white spruce, red | green ash  | | | pine, common |  | | | hackberry |  | | | | 1878: | | | |  Hamre-------------------| --- | --- | --- |Golden willow, white | | | | willow  | | | | 1879: | | | |  Seelyeville. | | | |  | | | | 1882: | | | |  Rosewood. | | | |  | | | |  Strathcona. | | | |  | | | |  Berner. | | | |  | | | | 1916: | | | |  Lindaas-----------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | Siberian crabapple | willow  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | American plum, | |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | | 1963: | | | |  Bearden-----------------| --- |American plum, |Siberian crabapple, |Common hackberry,  | | Siberian peashrub, | eastern redcedar, | golden willow,  | | common lilac | blue spruce, | green ash  | | | ponderosa pine |  | | | |  Colvin------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |White spruce, golden | | common lilac, | crabapple, blue | willow  | | American plum, | spruce |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | | 
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |___________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1964: | | | |  Colvin------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Manchurian |White spruce, golden | | common lilac, | crabapple, blue | willow  | | American plum, | spruce |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | |  Fargo-------------------|Redosier dogwood----|Siberian peashrub, |Black Hills spruce, |Green ash, golden  | | common lilac, | Siberian crabapple | willow  | | eastern redcedar, | |  | | American plum, | |  | | common chokecherry | |  | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 249

Windbreak Suitability Groups

(Suitable shrubs and trees with their mature heights are listed

 in the "Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings" table.

 Absence of an entry indicates that a windbreak suitability

 group is not assigned.)

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 component name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

20B, 20C2, 20D2, 20E: |

 Chapett---------------| 3

 |

38B, 38C2, 38D2: |

 Waukon----------------| 3

 |

45B, 45C: |

 Maddock---------------| 5

 |

45E: |

 Maddock---------------| 10

 |

47: |

 Colvin----------------| 2K drained, 10 undrained

 |

57A: |

 Fargo-----------------| 2

 |

59: |

 Grimstad--------------| 1K

 |

65: |

 Foxhome---------------| 6G

 |

66: |

 Flaming---------------| 1

 |

67A, 67B, 93A: |

 Bearden---------------| 1

 |

111: |

 Hangaard--------------| 2

 |

184A: |

 Hamerly---------------| 1

 |

185D2: |

 Hattie----------------| 4C

 |

236: |

 Vallers---------------| 2K

 |

242B, 242D: |

 Marquette-------------| 7

 |

258B, 258C, 258E: |

 Sandberg--------------| 7

 |

296: |

 Fram------------------| 1K

 |

341B: |

 Arvilla---------------| 6G

 |

348: |

 Borup-----------------| 2K drained, 10 undrained

 |
250 Soil Survey of

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 component name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

372: |

 Hamar-----------------| 2

 |

387: |

 Roliss----------------| 2K drained, 10 undrained

 |

412: |

 Mavie-----------------| 2K

 |

422A, 422B, 422C2: |

 Bygland---------------| 4

 |

426: |

 Foldahl---------------| 1

 |

435: |

 Syrene----------------| 2K

 |

439: |

 Strathcona------------| 2K

 |

450: |

 Rauville--------------| 10

 |

481: |

 Kratka----------------| 2

 |

494B: |

 Darnen----------------| 3

 |

506: |

 Overly----------------| 1

 |

540: |

 Seelyeville-----------| 10

 |

543: |

 Markey----------------| 2 drained, 10 undrained

 |

544: |

 Cathro----------------| 2 drained, 10 undrained

 |

547: |

 Deerwood--------------| 2 drained, 10 undrained

 |

563: |

 Northwood-------------| 2 drained, 10 undrained

 |

565: |

 Eckvoll---------------| 1

 |

573D: |

 Serden----------------| 10

 |

582: |

 Roliss----------------| 2K

 |

641, 642: |

 Clearwater------------| 2K

 |

643: |

 Huot------------------| 1K

 |
Polk County, Minnesota

—Part II 251

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 component name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

645: |

 Espelie---------------| 2

 |

647: |

 Hilaire---------------| 1

 |

650: |

 Reiner----------------| 1

 |

651: |

 Thiefriver------------| 2K

 |

667B, 667C2: |

 Fairdale--------------| 1

 |

670: |

 Knute-----------------| 1

 |

671: |

 Onstad----------------| 1

 |

681: |

 Brandsvold------------| 2

 |

694D2: |

 Zell------------------| 8

 |

704: |

 Wyrene----------------| 1

 |

707A: |

 Lizzie----------------| 3

 |

712: |

 Rosewood--------------| 2K

 |

713: |

 Linveldt--------------| 1

 |

718B, 718C, 718E: |

 Naytahwaush-----------| 4

 |

733: |

 Berner----------------| 10

 |

735B, 735C: |

 Halverson-------------| 5

 |

737: |

 Mahkonce--------------| 4

 |

746: |

 Haslie----------------| 10

 |

749: |

 Colvin----------------| 2K

 |

765: |

 Smiley----------------| 2

 |

767: |

 Auganaush-------------| 2

 |
252 Soil Survey of

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 component name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

791: |

 Winterfield-----------| 1

 |

827B, 827C2: |

 Heimdal---------------| 3

 |

 Esmond----------------| 8

 |

908: |

 Bearden---------------| 1

 |

 Fargo-----------------| 2

 |

935: |

 Hegne-----------------| 2K

 |

 Fargo-----------------| 2

 |

967B, 967C2: |

 Waukon----------------| 3

 |

 Langhei---------------| 8

 |

979D2: |

 Langhei---------------| 8

 |

 Waukon----------------| 3

 |

1006: |

 Fluvaquents-----------| 10

 |

 Haploborolls----------| 3

 |

1030: |

 Pits, gravel----------| 10

 |

 Udipsamments----------| 10

 |

1113: |

 Haslie----------------| 10

 |

 Seelyeville-----------| 10

 |

 Cathro----------------| 10

 |

1117: |

 Hedman----------------| 2K

 |

1119: |

 Nielsville------------| 2K

 |

1121: |

 Hedman----------------| 2K drained, 10 undrained

 |

1122: |

 Nielsville------------| 2K

 |

 Perella---------------| 2

 |

1142: |

 Hedman----------------| 2K

 |

 Fram------------------| 1K

 |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 253

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 component name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

1144: |

 Strathcona------------| 10

 |

 Kratka----------------| 10

 |

1152B, 1152C, 1152E: |

 Sugarbush-------------| 6G

 |

1233D: |

 Esmond----------------| 8

 |

 Heimdal---------------| 3

 |

1264: |

 Ulen------------------| 1K

 |

1278: |

 Rosewood--------------| 2K

 |

 Venlo-----------------| 2

 |

1279: |

 Vallers---------------| 2K

 |

 Hamerly---------------| 1

 |

1280: |

 Gunclub---------------| 1K

 |

1283: |

 Reis------------------| 2K

 |

 Clearwater------------| 2K

 |

1297: |

 Augsburg--------------| 2K

 |

1299: |

 Borup-----------------| 2K

 |

1304A, 1304B: |

 Glyndon---------------| 1K

 |

1315A: |

 Wheatville------------| 1K

 |

1323B: |

 LaDelle---------------| 1

 |

1325: |

 Bowstring-------------| 10

 |

 Fluvaquents-----------| 10

 |

1356: |

 Water, miscellaneous. |

 |

1422: |

 Northwood-------------| 2 drained, 10 undrained

 |
254

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

_________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Windbreak

 and | suitability

 component name | group _________________________________________________________________

 |

1866: |

 Colvin----------------| 2

 |

 Perella---------------| 2

 |

1871: |

 Fargo-----------------| 2

 |

1874: |

 Radium----------------| 1

 |

1878: |

 Hamre-----------------| 2 drained, 10 undrained

 |

1879: |

 Seelyeville-----------| 10

 |

1882: |

 Rosewood--------------| 10

 |

 Strathcona------------| 10

 |

 Berner----------------| 10

 |

1916: |

 Lindaas---------------| 2

 |

1963: |

 Bearden---------------| 1

 |

 Colvin----------------| 2

 |

1964: |

 Colvin----------------| 2

 |

 Fargo-----------------| 2

 | _________________________________________________________________
255

The wooded areas in the northeastern,

southeastern, and central lakes areas of Polk County

support such tree species as aspen, basswood, elm,

red maple, oak, and white pine. The beach and

interbeach areas, which were once dominated by tall

prairie grass species, now support small stands of

quaking aspen, poplar, dogwood, and bur oak. In the

western half of the county, most of the wooded areas

are in narrow bands along major rivers and

drainageways. The main tree species are elm, aspen,

box elder, green ash, cottonwood, and basswood. Tall

prairie grass species once grew in the nonwooded

areas.

Red pine and Scotch pine are the main

reforestation tree species in the eastern half of the

county, and some plantations are used for production

of Christmas trees. Hardwoods, such as oaks and

maples, are commonly harvested for lumber and fuel

wood. Softwoods, such as aspen and conifers, are

harvested for pulpwood and chipboard manufacturing.

Forest Land Management

Considerations

Information about the hazards and limitations that

should be considered in areas used as forest land are

given in the tables “Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations,”“Forest Haul Road Considerations,”

“Forest Log Landing Considerations,” and “Forest Land

Site Preparation and Planting Considerations.”

Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations

For most soils spring is the most limiting season.

Alternate thawing and freezing during snowmelt cause

saturation and low strength of the surface soil layers.

When thawing is complete, saturation continues for

short periods in well drained soils to nearly all year in

very poorly drained depressional soils. Degrees of

wetness are generally proportionate to water table

height and duration. The water table generally is lower

in summer during the heavy use of moisture by

vegetation and is nearer the surface during periods

when absorbed precipitation is greater than the

vegetation requires. Harvesting during periods of

saturation usually results in severe soil damage,

except when the soil is frozen. The preferred season

for timber harvest on many soils is winter, when

wetness and low soil strength can be overcome by

freezing.

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The upper slope limit is more than 15

percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Depth to hard rock.—The depth to hard bedrock is

less than 10 inches.

Rubbly surface.—The word “rubbly” is in the map

unit name.

Surface stones.—The words “extremely stony” are

in the map unit name.

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Areas of rock outcrop.—The words “Rock outcrop”

are in the map unit name.

Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage (low

strength).—The AASHTO classification is A-6, A-7, or

A-8 in any layer at a depth of 20 inches or less.

Poor traction (loose sandy material).—The USDA

texture includes sands or loamy sands in any layer at

a depth of 10 inches or less.

Forest Haul Road Considerations

Haul roads serve as transportation routes from log

landings to primary roads. Generally, haul roads are

unpaved, but some are graveled.

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The slope is 8 percent or more.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly

drained or has a perched water table (any drainage

class).

Forest Land
256 Soil Survey of

Depth to hard rock.—The depth to hard bedrock is

less than 20 inches.

Depth to soft rock.—The depth to soft bedrock is

less than 20 inches.

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Areas of rock outcrop.—The words “Rock outcrop”

are in the map unit name.

Low bearing strength.—The AASHTO classification

is A-6, A-7, or A-8 in any layer at a depth of 20 inches

or less.

Rubbly surface.—The word “rubbly” is in the map

unit name.

Forest Log Landing Considerations

Log landings are areas where logs are assembled

for transportation. Areas that require little or no cutting,

filling, or surface preparation are desired.

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The slope is more than 3 percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is occasionally

flooded or frequently flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Areas of rock outcrop.—The words “Rock outcrop”

are in the map unit name.

Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage (low

strength).—The AASHTO classification is A-6, A-7, or

A-8 in any layer at a depth of 20 inches or less.

Rubbly surface.—The word “rubbly” is in the map

unit name.

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting

Considerations

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The upper slope limit is more than 15

percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Depth to hard rock.—The depth to hard bedrock is

less than 20 inches.

Surface stones.—The word “stony” is in the map

unit name.

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Areas of rock outcrop.—The words “Rock outcrop”

are in the map unit name.

Water erosion.—The slope is 8 percent or more.

Potential poor tilth and compaction.—The AASHTO

classification is A-6 or A-7 in the upper 10 inches.

Rubbly surface.—The word “rubbly” is in the map

unit name.

Cobbly surface.—The word “cobbly” is in the map

unit name.

Forest Productivity

The table “Forest Productivity” at the end of this

section can be used by woodland owners or forest

managers in planning the use of soils for wood crops.

Only those soils suitable for wood crops are listed.

The potential productivity of merchantable or

common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index

and as a volume number. The site index is the average

height, in feet, that dominant and codominant trees of

a given species attain in a specified number of years.

The site index applies to fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are those

that woodland managers generally favor in

intermediate or improvement cuttings. They are

selected on the basis of growth rate, quality, value,

and marketability.

The volume, a number, is the yield likely to be

produced by the most important trees. This number,

expressed as cubic feet per acre per year, indicates

the amount of fiber produced on a fully stocked, evenaged, unmanaged stand.

Trees to manage are those that are suitable for

commercial wood production.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 257

Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations

(Only the soils suited to use as forest land are listed. See text for a description of

 the considerations listed in this table.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Forest land harvest equipment

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

20B: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

20C2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

20D2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

20E: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

38B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

38C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

38D2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

242B: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | |

242D: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | |

422A: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

422B: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

422C2: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

565: | |

 Eckvoll----------------------| 90 | Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | |

670: | |

 Knute------------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

681: | |

 Brandsvold-------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

707A: | |

 Lizzie-----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

713: | |

 Linveldt---------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

718B: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |
258 Soil Survey of

 Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Forest land harvest equipment

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

718C: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

718E: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

735B: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

735C: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

737: | |

 Mahkonce---------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

746: | |

 Haslie-----------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

767: | |

 Auganaush--------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

791: | |

 Winterfield------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | |

967B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 65 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 25 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

967C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 60 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 30 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

979D2: | |

 Langhei----------------------| 55 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 35 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

1152B: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | |

1152C: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | |

1152E: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | |

1878: | |

 Hamre------------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

1879: | |

 Seelyeville------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | | ______________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 259

Forest Haul Road Considerations

(Only the soils suited to use as forest land are listed. See text for a description of

 the considerations listed in this table.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Forest haul road

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

20B: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Low bearing strength

 | |

20C2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

20D2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

20E: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

38B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Low bearing strength

 | |

38C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

38D2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

242B: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

242D: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

422A: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Low bearing strength

 | |

422B: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Low bearing strength

 | |

422C2: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

565: | |

 Eckvoll----------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

670: | |

 Knute------------------------| 90 | Low bearing strength

 | |

681: | |

 Brandsvold-------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

707A: | |

 Lizzie-----------------------| 90 | Low bearing strength

 | |

713: | |

 Linveldt---------------------| 90 | Low bearing strength

 | |
260 Soil Survey of

 Forest Haul Road Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Forest haul road

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

718B: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

718C: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

718E: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

735B: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

735C: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

737: | |

 Mahkonce---------------------| 90 | Low bearing strength

 | |

767: | |

 Auganaush--------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

791: | |

 Winterfield------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | |

967B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 65 | Low bearing strength

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 25 | Low bearing strength

 | |

967C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 60 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 30 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

979D2: | |

 Langhei----------------------| 55 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 35 | Slope

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

1152B: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

1152C: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

1152E: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

1878: | |

 Hamre------------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Low bearing strength

 | |

1879: | |

 Seelyeville------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Low bearing strength

 | | ______________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 261

Forest Log Landing Considerations

(Only the soils suited to use as forest land are listed. See text for a description of

 the considerations listed in this table.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Forest log landing

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

20B: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

20C2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

20D2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

20E: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

38B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

38C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

38D2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

242B: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

242D: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

422A: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

422B: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

422C2: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

565: | |

 Eckvoll----------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

670: | |

 Knute------------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

681: | |

 Brandsvold-------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

707A: | |

 Lizzie-----------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

713: | |

 Linveldt---------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |
262 Soil Survey of

 Forest Log Landing Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Forest log landing

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

718B: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

718C: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

718E: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

735B: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

735C: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

737: | |

 Mahkonce---------------------| 90 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

767: | |

 Auganaush--------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

791: | |

 Winterfield------------------| 90 | Flooding

 | | Wetness

 | |

967B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 65 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 25 | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

967C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 60 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 30 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

979D2: | |

 Langhei----------------------| 55 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 35 | Slope

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

1152B: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

1152C: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

1152E: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | |

1878: | |

 Hamre------------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | |

1879: | |

 Seelyeville------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 | | ______________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 263

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations

(Only the soils suited to use as forest land are listed. See text for a description of

 the considerations listed in this table.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Forest land site preparation and planting

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

20B: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

20C2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

20D2: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Water erosion

 | |

20E: | |

 Chapett----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

38B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

38C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

38D2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

242B: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | |

242D: | |

 Marquette--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Water erosion

 | |

422A: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

422B: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

422C2: | |

 Bygland----------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

565: | |

 Eckvoll----------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

670: | |

 Knute------------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

681: | |

 Brandsvold-------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

707A: | |

 Lizzie-----------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

713: | |

 Linveldt---------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |
264 Soil Survey of

 Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Component | Forest land site preparation and planting

 and | percent | considerations

 component name | | ______________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

718B: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

718C: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

718E: | |

 Naytahwaush------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

735B: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | No major considerations

 | |

735C: | |

 Halverson--------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | |

737: | |

 Mahkonce---------------------| 90 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

767: | |

 Auganaush--------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

791: | |

 Winterfield------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | |

967B: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 65 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 25 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

967C2: | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 60 | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

 Langhei----------------------| 30 | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

979D2: | |

 Langhei----------------------| 55 | Slope

 | | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

 Waukon-----------------------| 35 | Slope

 | | Water erosion

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

1152B: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | |

1152C: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Water erosion

 | |

1152E: | |

 Sugarbush--------------------| 90 | Slope

 | | Water erosion

 | |

1878: | |

 Hamre------------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | |

1879: | |

 Seelyeville------------------| 90 | Wetness

 | | ______________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 265

Forest Productivity

(Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not evaluated or is not suited to use as

 forest land.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Potential productivity |

 | |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and |Component| | | |

 soil name | percent | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | | |index|of wood |

 | | | | fiber | ___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |Ft3 ________ /acre|

 | | | | |

20B: | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------| 90 |American basswood---| 65 | 57 |Scotch pine, green

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | ash, northern red

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 70 | 86 | oak, white spruce

 | |Bur oak-------------| 53 | 43 |

 | |Green ash-----------| 55 | 43 |

 | |Northern red oak----| 53 | 43 |

 | |Paper birch---------| 58 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 75 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 54 | 29 |

 | | | | |

20C2: | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------| 90 |American basswood---| 65 | 57 |Scotch pine, green

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | ash, northern red

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 70 | 86 | oak, white spruce

 | |Bur oak-------------| 53 | 43 |

 | |Green ash-----------| 55 | 43 |

 | |Northern red oak----| 53 | 43 |

 | |Paper birch---------| 58 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 75 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 54 | 29 |

 | | | | |

20D2: | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------| 90 |American basswood---| 65 | 57 |Scotch pine, green

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | ash, northern red

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 70 | 86 | oak, white spruce

 | |Bur oak-------------| 53 | 43 |

 | |Green ash-----------| 55 | 43 |

 | |Northern red oak----| 53 | 43 |

 | |Paper birch---------| 58 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 75 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 54 | 29 |

 | | | | |

20E: | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------| 90 |American basswood---| 65 | 57 |Scotch pine, green

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | ash, northern red

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 70 | 86 | oak, white spruce

 | |Bur oak-------------| 53 | 43 |

 | |Green ash-----------| 55 | 43 |

 | |Northern red oak----| 53 | 43 |

 | |Paper birch---------| 58 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 75 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 54 | 29 |

 | | | | |

38B: | | | | |

 Waukon------------------| 90 |American basswood---| 80 | 86 |Eastern white pine,

 | |American elm--------| 70 | --- | jack pine, red

 | |Green ash-----------| 62 | 57 | pine, white spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 72 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 58 | 43 |

 | | | | |
266 Soil Survey of

 Forest Productivity--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Potential productivity |

 | |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and |Component| | | |

 soil name | percent | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | | |index|of wood |

 | | | | fiber | ___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |Ft3 ________ /acre|

 | | | | |

38C2: | | | | |

 Waukon------------------| 90 |American basswood---| 80 | 86 |Eastern white pine,

 | |American elm--------| 70 | --- | jack pine, red

 | |Green ash-----------| 62 | 57 | pine, white spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 72 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 58 | 43 |

 | | | | |

38D2: | | | | |

 Waukon------------------| 90 |American basswood---| 80 | 86 |Eastern white pine,

 | |American elm--------| 70 | --- | jack pine, red

 | |Green ash-----------| 62 | 57 | pine, white spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 72 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 58 | 43 |

 | | | | |

242B: | | | | |

 Marquette---------------| 90 |Bur oak-------------| --- | --- |Jack pine, red

 | |Eastern white pine--| 55 | 100 | pine, white spruce

 | |Jack pine-----------| 65 | 100 |

 | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 63 | 72 |

 | |Red pine------------| 55 | 86 |

 | |White spruce--------| 50 | 100 |

 | | | | |

242D: | | | | |

 Marquette---------------| 90 |Bur oak-------------| --- | --- |Jack pine, red

 | |Eastern white pine--| 55 | 100 | pine, white spruce

 | |Jack pine-----------| 65 | 100 |

 | |Paper birch---------| --- | --- |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 63 | 72 |

 | |Red pine------------| 55 | 86 |

 | |White spruce--------| 50 | 100 |

 | | | | |

422A: | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------| 90 |American elm--------| --- | --- |Common hackberry,

 | |Bur oak-------------| 58 | 43 | green ash

 | |Green ash-----------| 61 | 57 |

 | | | | |

422B: | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------| 90 |American elm--------| --- | --- |Common hackberry,

 | |Bur oak-------------| 58 | 43 | green ash

 | |Green ash-----------| 61 | 57 |

 | | | | |

422C2: | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------| 90 |American elm--------| --- | --- |Common hackberry,

 | |Bur oak-------------| 58 | 43 | green ash

 | |Green ash-----------| 61 | 57 |

 | | | | |

565: | | | | |

 Eckvoll-----------------| 90 |American basswood---| 60 | 57 |Northern red oak,

 | |Bur oak-------------| 45 | 29 | red pine, white

 | |Eastern white pine--| 55 | 100 | spruce

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 70 | 86 |

 | |Red pine------------| 60 | 100 |

 | |White spruce--------| 60 | 114 |

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 267

 Forest Productivity--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Potential productivity |

 | |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and |Component| | | |

 soil name | percent | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | | |index|of wood |

 | | | | fiber | ___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |Ft3 ________ /acre|

 | | | | |

670: | | | | |

 Knute-------------------| 90 |American basswood---| 69 | 57 |Scotch pine, common

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 75 | 86 | hackberry, green

 | |Bur oak-------------| 53 | 43 | ash, northern red

 | |Green ash-----------| 55 | 43 | oak, white spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 53 | 43 |

 | |Paper birch---------| 59 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 73 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 53 | 29 |

 | | | | |

681: | | | | |

 Brandsvold--------------| 90 |American basswood---| 62 | 57 |Black spruce,

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | eastern

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 76 | 86 | arborvitae, green

 | |Black ash-----------| 60 | 43 | ash, white spruce

 | |Green ash-----------| 57 | 43 |

 | |Paper birch---------| 60 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 74 | 86 |

 | | | | |

707A: | | | | |

 Lizzie------------------| 90 |American basswood---| 65 | 57 |Scotch pine, green

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | ash, northern red

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 70 | 86 | oak, red pine,

 | |Bur oak-------------| 53 | 43 | white spruce

 | |Green ash-----------| 55 | 43 |

 | |Northern red oak----| 53 | 43 |

 | |Paper birch---------| 58 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 75 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 54 | 29 |

 | | | | |

713: | | | | |

 Linveldt----------------| 90 |Bur oak-------------| 60 | 57 |Eastern white pine,

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 74 | 86 | red pine, white

 | | | | | spruce

 | | | | |

718B: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------| 90 |American basswood---| 50 | 29 |Balsam fir, eastern

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 | white pine,

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 77 | 86 | northern red oak,

 | |Sugar maple---------| 51 | 29 | red pine, white

 | |White spruce--------| 52 | 100 | spruce

 | | | | |

718C: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------| 90 |American basswood---| 50 | 29 |Balsam fir, eastern

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 | white pine,

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 77 | 86 | northern red oak,

 | |Sugar maple---------| 51 | 29 | red pine, white

 | |White spruce--------| 52 | 100 | spruce

 | | | | |

718E: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------| 90 |American basswood---| 50 | 29 |Balsam fir, eastern

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 | white pine,

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 77 | 86 | northern red oak,

 | |Sugar maple---------| 51 | 29 | red pine, white

 | |White spruce--------| 52 | 100 | spruce

 | | | | |
268 Soil Survey of

 Forest Productivity--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Potential productivity |

 | |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and |Component| | | |

 soil name | percent | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | | |index|of wood |

 | | | | fiber | ___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |Ft3 ________ /acre|

 | | | | |

735B: | | | | |

 Halverson---------------| 90 |American basswood---| 63 | 57 |Green ash, northern

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | red oak, red pine,

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 70 | 86 | white oak, white

 | |Bur oak-------------| 55 | 43 | spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 56 | 43 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 72 | 86 |

 | | | | |

735C: | | | | |

 Halverson---------------| 90 |American basswood---| 63 | 57 |Green ash, northern

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | red oak, red pine,

 | |Bigtooth aspen------| 70 | 86 | white oak, white

 | |Bur oak-------------| 55 | 43 | spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 56 | 43 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 72 | 86 |

 | | | | |

737: | | | | |

 Mahkonce----------------| 90 |American basswood---| 65 | 57 |Eastern white pine,

 | |Balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | red pine, white

 | |Northern red oak----| 62 | 57 | spruce

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 80 | 100 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 62 | 43 |

 | |White spruce--------| 60 | 114 |

 | | | | |

767: | | | | |

 Auganaush---------------| 90 |American basswood---| 65 | 57 |Balsam fir, eastern

 | |American elm--------| --- | --- | arborvitae,

 | |Balsam fir----------| 60 | 114 | quaking aspen,

 | |Balsam poplar-------| 70 | --- | tamarack, white

 | |Black ash-----------| 65 | 43 | spruce

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 75 | 86 |

 | |White spruce--------| 60 | 114 |

 | | | | |

791: | | | | |

 Winterfield-------------| 90 |American elm--------| --- | --- |Black spruce,

 | |Balsam fir----------| 55 | 114 | eastern

 | |Black ash-----------| 55 | 29 | arborvitae,

 | |Eastern white pine--| --- | --- | eastern white

 | |Paper birch---------| 55 | 57 | pine, white spruce

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 65 | 72 |

 | |White spruce--------| 55 | 100 |

 | | | | |

967B: | | | | |

 Waukon------------------| 65 |American basswood---| 80 | 86 |Eastern white pine,

 | |American elm--------| 70 | --- | jack pine, red

 | |Green ash-----------| 62 | 57 | pine, white spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 72 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 58 | 43 |

 | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------| 25 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

967C2: | | | | |

 Waukon------------------| 60 |American basswood---| 80 | 86 |Eastern white pine,

 | |American elm--------| 70 | --- | jack pine, red

 | |Green ash-----------| 62 | 57 | pine, white spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 72 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 58 | 43 |

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 269

 Forest Productivity--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Potential productivity |

 | |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and |Component| | | |

 soil name | percent | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | | |index|of wood |

 | | | | fiber | ___________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |Ft3 ________ /acre|

 | | | | |

967C2: | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------| 30 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

979D2: | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------| 55 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Waukon------------------| 35 |American basswood---| 80 | 86 |Eastern white pine,

 | |American elm--------| 70 | --- | jack pine, red

 | |Green ash-----------| 62 | 57 | pine, white spruce

 | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 72 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 58 | 43 |

 | | | | |

1152B: | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------| 90 |Bur oak-------------| 45 | 29 |Eastern white pine,

 | |Eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | jack pine, red

 | |Jack pine-----------| 55 | 72 | pine

 | |Paper birch---------| 55 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 60 | 57 |

 | |Red pine------------| 55 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 45 | 29 |

 | | | | |

1152C: | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------| 90 |Bur oak-------------| 45 | 29 |Eastern white pine,

 | |Eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | jack pine, red

 | |Jack pine-----------| 55 | 72 | pine

 | |Paper birch---------| 55 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 60 | 57 |

 | |Red pine------------| 55 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 45 | 29 |

 | | | | |

1152E: | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------| 90 |Bur oak-------------| 45 | 29 |Eastern white pine,

 | |Eastern white pine--| 50 | 86 | jack pine, red

 | |Jack pine-----------| 55 | 72 | pine

 | |Paper birch---------| 55 | 57 |

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 60 | 57 |

 | |Red pine------------| 55 | 86 |

 | |Sugar maple---------| 45 | 29 |

 | | | | |

1878: | | | | |

 Hamre-------------------| 90 |Black spruce--------| 25 | 29 |Black spruce

 | |Quaking aspen-------| 40 | 29 |

 | |Tamarack------------| 35 | 29 |

 | | | | |

1879: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------| 90 |Balsam fir----------| 45 | 86 |Balsam fir, black

 | |Black ash-----------| 56 | 29 | spruce, eastern

 | |Black spruce--------| 35 | 43 | arborvitae,

 | |Eastern arborvitae--| 29 | 43 | tamarack

 | |Tamarack------------| 50 | 43 |

 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________

271

Polk County offers a variety of recreational

opportunities. Boating, camping, cross-country skiing,

hunting, fishing, and snowmobiling are among the

most common outdoor activities.

Many public access lakes more than 40 acres in

size in the eastern half of the county provide excellent

fishing and boating. Presently, five lake resorts in Polk

County offer boating and fishing opportunities. There is

a canoe route on the Red Lake River with established

stops as it flows through Polk County.

Polk County has more than 16,050 acres of Stateowned Wildlife Production Areas operated by the U.S.

Fish and Wildlife Service. These areas are open to

public hunting. A private hunting preserve is located

southwest of Erskine.

Crookston, East Grand Forks, Erskine, Fosston,

Lengby, McIntosh, and Mentor all have community

parks and picnic areas, some of which have overnight

camping facilities. Public and private campgrounds are

also in the Maple Lake, Union Lake, and Sarah Lake

areas south of Mentor, at Cross Lake northeast of

Fosston, and at Cameron Lake east of Erskine.

There are golf courses in Climax, Crookston, East

Grand Forks, Erskine, and Fosston.

The soils of the survey area are rated in the table

“Recreational Development” according to limitations

that affect their suitability for recreation. The ratings

are based on restrictive soil features, such as

wetness, slope, and texture of the surface layer.

Susceptibility to flooding is considered. Not considered

in the ratings, but important in evaluating a site, are

the location and accessibility of the area, the size and

shape of the area and its scenic quality, the ability of

the soil to support vegetation, access to water,

potential water impoundment sites, and either access

to public sewer lines or the capacity of the soil to

absorb septic tank effluent. Soils subject to flooding

are limited, in varying degrees, for recreational uses

by the duration of flooding and the season when it

occurs. Onsite assessment of the height, duration,

intensity, and frequency of flooding is essential in

planning recreational facilities.

Camp areas are tracts of land used intensively as

sites for tents, trailers, and campers and for outdoor

activities that accompany such sites. These areas

require site preparation, such as shaping and leveling

the tent and parking areas, stabilizing roads and

intensively used areas, and installing sanitary facilities

and utility lines. Camp areas are subject to heavy foot

traffic and some vehicular traffic. The soils are rated on

the basis of soil properties that influence the ease of

developing camp areas and performance of the areas

after development. Also considered are the soil

properties that influence trafficability and promote the

growth of vegetation after heavy use.

Picnic areas are natural or landscaped tracts of

land that are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The soils are rated on the basis of soil

properties that influence the cost of shaping the site,

trafficability, and the growth of vegetation after

development. The surface of picnic areas should

absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy foot

traffic, and not be dusty when dry.

Playgrounds are areas used intensively for

baseball, football, or similar activities. These areas

require a nearly level soil that is free of stones and that

can withstand heavy foot traffic and maintain an

adequate cover of vegetation. The soils are rated on

the basis of soil properties that influence the cost of

shaping the site, trafficability, and the growth of

vegetation. Slope and stoniness are the main

concerns in developing playgrounds. The surface of

the playgrounds should absorb rainfall readily, remain

firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty when

dry.

Paths and trails are areas used for hiking and

horseback riding. The areas should require little or no

cutting and filling during site preparation. The soils are

rated on the basis of soil properties that influence

trafficability and erodibility. Paths and trails should

remain firm under foot traffic and not be dusty when

dry.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

Recreation
272 Soil Survey of

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.

The interpretive ratings in this table help engineers,

planners, and others to understand how soil properties

influence recreational uses. Ratings for proposed uses

are given in terms of limitations. Only the most

restrictive features are listed. Other features may limit

a specific recreational use.

The degree of soil limitation is expressed as slight,

moderate, or severe.

Slight means that soil properties are favorable for

the rated use. The limitations are minor and can be

easily overcome. Good performance and low

maintenance are expected.

Moderate means that soil properties are moderately

favorable for the rated use. The limitations can be

overcome or modified by special planning, design, or

maintenance. During some part of the year, the

expected performance may be less desirable than that

of soils rated slight.

Severe means that soil properties are unfavorable

for the rated use. Examples of limitations are slope,

bedrock near the surface, flooding, and a seasonal

high water table. These limitations generally require

major soil reclamation, special design, or intensive

maintenance. Overcoming the limitations generally is

difficult and costly.

The information in the table “Recreational

Development” can be supplemented by other

information in this survey, for example, interpretations

for dwellings without basements and for local roads

and streets in the table “Building Site Development”

and interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in

the table “Sanitary Facilities.”
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 273

Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

20B: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

20C2: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

20D2: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

20E: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

38B: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

38C2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

38D2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

45B: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

45C: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | too sandy | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | | | droughty

 | | | | |

45E: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | too sandy |

 | | | | |

47: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

57A: | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

59: | | | | |

 Grimstad---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |
274 Soil Survey of

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

65: | | | | |

 Foxhome----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |

66: | | | | |

 Flaming----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

67B: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

93A: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

111: | | | | |

 Hangaard---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

184A: | | | | |

 Hamerly----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

185D2: | | | | |

 Hattie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | slope | too clayey | too clayey

 | | | too clayey | |

 | | | | |

236: | | | | |

 Vallers----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

242B: | | | | |

 Marquette--------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | | | slope | | droughty

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

242D: | | | | |

 Marquette--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

258B: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

258C: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

258E: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 275

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

296: | | | | |

 Fram-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

341B: | | | | |

 Arvilla----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | | | slope | | droughty

 | | | | |

348: | | | | |

 Borup------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

372: | | | | |

 Hamar------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

387: | | | | |

 Roliss-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

412: | | | | |

 Mavie------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

422A: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |

422B: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

422C2: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

426: | | | | |

 Foldahl----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

435: | | | | |

 Syrene-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

439: | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

450: | | | | |

 Rauville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

481: | | | | |

 Kratka-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

494B: | | | | |

 Darnen-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

506: | | | | |

 Overly-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |
276 Soil Survey of

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

540: | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

543: | | | | |

 Markey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

544: | | | | |

 Cathro-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

547: | | | | |

 Deerwood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

563: | | | | |

 Northwood--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

565: | | | | |

 Eckvoll----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | too sandy | too sandy | small stones | too sandy |

 | | | | |

573D: | | | | |

 Serden-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | too sandy | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

582: | | | | |

 Roliss-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

641: | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

642: | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

643: | | | | |

 Huot-------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

645: | | | | |

 Espelie----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

647: | | | | |

 Hilaire----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

650: | | | | |

 Reiner-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 277

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

651: | | | | |

 Thiefriver-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

667B: | | | | |

 Fairdale---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | flooding | | slope | | flooding

 | | | | |

667C2: | | | | |

 Fairdale---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | flooding | slope | slope | | flooding

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | |

670: | | | | |

 Knute------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

671: | | | | |

 Onstad-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

681: | | | | |

 Brandsvold-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

694D2: | | | | |

 Zell-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

704: | | | | |

 Wyrene-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | small stones | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | | droughty

 | | | | |

707A: | | | | |

 Lizzie-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

712: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

713: | | | | |

 Linveldt---------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

718B: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

718C: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

718E: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

733: | | | | |

 Berner-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |
278 Soil Survey of

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

735B: | | | | |

 Halverson--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

735C: | | | | |

 Halverson--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | too sandy | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | | | droughty

 | | | | |

737: | | | | |

 Mahkonce---------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

746: | | | | |

 Haslie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

749: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

765: | | | | |

 Smiley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

767: | | | | |

 Auganaush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

791: | | | | |

 Winterfield------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

827B: | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

827C2: | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

908: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 279

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

935: | | | | |

 Hegne------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

967B: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

 Langhei----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

967C2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

 Langhei----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

979D2: | | | | |

 Langhei----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

1006: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

 Haploborolls-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

1030: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udipsamments-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy |

 | | | | |

1113: | | | | |

 Haslie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

 Cathro-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1117: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |
280 Soil Survey of

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1119: | | | | |

 Nielsville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

1121: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1122: | | | | |

 Nielsville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Perella----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1142: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Fram-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

1144: | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

 Kratka-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1152B: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | | | slope | | large stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

1152C: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | large stones

 | | | | | slope

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

1152E: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

1233D: | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

1264: | | | | |

 Ulen-------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

1278: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Venlo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 281

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1279: | | | | |

 Vallers----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Hamerly----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

1280: | | | | |

 Gunclub----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

1283: | | | | |

 Reis-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

1297: | | | | |

 Augsburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

1299: | | | | |

 Borup------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

1304A: | | | | |

 Glyndon----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |

1304B: | | | | |

 Glyndon----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

1315A: | | | | |

 Wheatville-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | | |

1323B: | | | | |

 LaDelle----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | flooding | | flooding | | flooding

 | | | | |

1325: | | | | |

 Bowstring--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

1356: | | | | |

 Water, miscellaneous. | | | | |

 | | | | |

1422: | | | | |

 Northwood--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |
282

Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1866: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Perella----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

1871: | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1874: | | | | |

 Radium-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | | | |

1878: | | | | |

 Hamre------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1879: | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1882: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Berner-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

1916: | | | | |

 Lindaas----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1963: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

1964: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
283

Terry Wolfe, area wildlife manager, Minnesota Department of

Natural Resources, helped prepare this section.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. If food,

cover, or water is missing, inadequate, or inaccessible,

wildlife will be scarce or will not inhabit the area.

If the soils have potential for habitat development,

wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, properly managing the existing

plant cover, and fostering the natural establishment of

desirable plants.

The conditions of wildlife habitat are related to soil,

topography, climate, and land use. Farming is the

major land use in most of Polk County and thus has

the greatest effect on wildlife habitat.

In the western one-third of the county, farming is

quite intensive. The topography is flat. The timbered

areas along the rivers provide habitat for deer and

some other forest wildlife. The strings of timber provide

travelways for wildlife, including such uncommon

animals as timber wolves and some wildcats. The

Grand Marais marshes provide wetland habitat and

are used by prairie waterfowl, wading birds, shore

birds, and furbearers, such as muskrats, beaver, mink,

and weasels.

In the central one-third of the county, the beach

ridges of glacial Lake Agassiz provide a variety of

habitats. Farming has not been so intensive in this part

of the survey area. Scattered aspen groves support

deer, moose, ruffed grouse, song birds, furbearers,

and other forest wildlife. Shallow marshes in low areas

between the ridges provide habitat for sandhill cranes,

ducks, Canada geese, American bitterns, marbled

godwits, and aquatic furbearers. Remaining tracts of

prairie grasslands provide habitat for prairie chickens,

prairie voles, western fringed prairie orchids, and

many other species.

Much of eastern Polk County is dotted with

wetlands, potholes, and lakes of varying sizes (fig. 23).

Waterfowl, various birds, and furbearers are common.

Deer and other forest wildlife inhabit the remaining

woodlands. Aspen is the dominant tree species, but

bur oak, green ash, black ash, elm, cottonwood, and

box elders are common. In the Maple-Union Lake

area, sugar maple, basswood, and red oak grow in

scattered groves. On the eastern edge of the county,

particularly in the southeast corner, various pines and

spruce grow.

The table “Wildlife Habitat” at the end of this section

provides information on the potential of the soils for

various elements and types of wildlife habitat.

Elements of Wildlife Habitat

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants used by wildlife.

Examples are corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, and

barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes planted for wildlife

food and cover. Examples are bromegrass, timothy,

orchardgrass, clover, alfalfa, wheatgrass, and birdsfoot

trefoil.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds that

provide food and cover for wildlife. Examples are

bluestems, indiangrass, blueberry, goldenrod,

lambsquarters, dandelions, blackberry, ragweed,

wheatgrass, and nightshade.

The major soil properties affecting the growth of

grain and forage crops and wild herbaceous plants are

depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, the

amount of water available to plants, wetness, salinity,

and flooding. The length of the growing season also is

important.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage that wildlife eat. Examples are oak, poplar, box

elder, birch, maple, green ash, willow, and American

elm.

Coniferous plants are cone-bearing trees, shrubs,

or ground cover that provide habitat or supply food in

the form of browse, seed, or fruit-like cones. Examples

are pine, spruce, cedar, and tamarack.

Shrubs are bushy woody plants that produce fruit,

Wildlife Habitat
284 Soil Survey of

buds, twigs, bark, and foliage. Examples of fruitproducing shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils

that have good potential for these plants are hawthorn,

honeysuckle, American plum, redosier dogwood,

chokecherry, highbush cranberry, elderberry,

gooseberry, serviceberry, silver buffaloberry, and

crabapple.

The major soil properties affecting the growth of

hardwood and coniferous trees and shrubs are depth

of the root zone, the amount of water available to

plants, and wetness.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Wetland plants produce food or cover for wetland

wildlife. Examples of these plants are smartweeds,

wild millet, rushes, sedges, bulrushes, wild rice,

arrowhead, waterplantain, cattail, prairie cordgrass,

bluejoint grass, asters, and beggarticks.

The major soil properties affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, acidity or

alkalinity, and slope.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. They are useful as habitat for some wildlife

species. They are naturally wet areas or are created

by dams, levees, or water-control measures in

marshes or streams. Examples are waterfowl feeding

areas, wildlife watering developments, beaver ponds,

and other wildlife ponds.

The major soil properties affecting shallow water

areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, surface

stoniness, slope, and permeability.

Kinds of Wildlife Habitat

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, and shrubs. These areas produce

grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes, and wild

herbaceous plants. The wildlife attracted to these

areas include Hungarian partridge, ring-necked

pheasant, bobwhite quail, sharp-tailed grouse,

meadowlark, field sparrow, killdeer, cottontail rabbit,

and red fox.

Figure 23.—In the eastern part of Polk County, areas of organic soils and the interbeach areas provide important habitat for

wildlife.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 285

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

hardwoods or conifers or a mixture of these and

associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous

plants. The wildlife attracted to this habitat include wild

turkey, ruffed grouse, thrushes, woodpeckers, owls,

tree squirrels, porcupine, raccoon, white-tailed deer,

black bear, and moose.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas, bogs, or flood plains

that support water-tolerant plants. The wildlife attracted

to this habitat include ducks, geese, herons, bitterns,

rails, kingfishers, muskrat, otter, mink, and beaver.

Habitat for rangeland wildlife consists of areas of

shrubs and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted

to rangeland include pronghorn antelope, mule deer,

coyote, sharp-tailed grouse, greater prairie chicken,

meadowlark, gopher, and lark bunting.
286 Soil Survey of

Wildlife Habitat

 (See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

20B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

20C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

20D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

20E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

38B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

38C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

38D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

45B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

45C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

45E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Very |Very |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very |Fair

 | poor | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Grimstad----------------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foxhome-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Flaming-----------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 287

Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hangaard----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

185D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hattie------------------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette---------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

242D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette---------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

258C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

258E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Very |Very |Good |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very | ---

 | poor | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

296: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fram--------------------|Good |Good |Good | --- | --- |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good | --- |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

341B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Arvilla-----------------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very |Poor

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

348: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-------------------|Poor |Good |Fair |Good |Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | poor | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Very |Poor |Good |Fair |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mavie-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

422A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
288 Soil Survey of

Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

422B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

422C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foldahl-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Syrene------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

450: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rauville----------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair

 | poor | | | | poor | | | | poor | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

494B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Darnen------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

506: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Overly------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Very | --- |Very |Very |Good |Very |Very |Good

 | | | | | poor | | poor | poor | | poor | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Very |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey------------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor | poor | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Deerwood----------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good |Poor

 | poor | poor | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood---------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor | poor | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

573D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Serden------------------|Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Fair

 | poor | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss------------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Good |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 289

Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Huot--------------------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Espelie-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hilaire-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver--------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

667B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fairdale----------------|Good |Good |Good | --- | --- |Fair |Poor |Very |Good | --- |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

667C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fairdale----------------|Fair |Good |Good | --- | --- |Fair |Very |Very |Good | --- |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

670: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Knute-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

671: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Onstad------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

681: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Brandsvold--------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

694D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Zell--------------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Fair

 | poor | | | | poor | | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

704: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wyrene------------------|Fair |Good |Good | --- | --- |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair | --- |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

707A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lizzie------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Linveldt----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

718B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

718C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
290 Soil Survey of

Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

718E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Very |Poor |Fair |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very | ---

 | poor | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

733: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner------------------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair

 | poor | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

735B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Halverson---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

735C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Halverson---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

737: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mahkonce----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

746: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie------------------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

749: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | --- |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

767: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Auganaush---------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

791: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Winterfield-------------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

827B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Good |Very |Very |Good | --- |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Fair |Good |Good | --- | --- |Fair |Poor |Very |Good | --- |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

827C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Very |Very |Good | --- |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Poor |Fair |Good | --- | --- |Fair |Very |Very |Fair | --- |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

908: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hegne-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

967B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 291

Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

967B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Fair |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

967C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

979D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good |Poor

 | poor | | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie------------------|Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good | ---

 | poor | poor | | poor | poor | | | | | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very | --- |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good | ---

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro------------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very | --- |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good | ---

 | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | | | | poor | poor | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1117: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1119: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nielsville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1121: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1122: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nielsville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Perella-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1142: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fram--------------------|Good |Good |Good | --- | --- |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good | --- |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
292 Soil Survey of

Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka------------------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1152B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1152C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1152E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1233D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Poor |Fair |Good | --- | --- |Fair |Very |Very |Fair | --- |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Very |Very |Good | --- |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ulen--------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1278: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Venlo-------------------|Very |Poor |Poor | --- | --- |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | --- |Good |Poor

 | poor | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1279: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1280: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gunclub-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1283: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reis--------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Augsburg----------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wheatville--------------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 293

Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- _______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland|Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild- | land

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life | wild-

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | | life _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1323B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 LaDelle-----------------|Good |Good |Fair |Good |Very |Good |Very |Very |Good |Very |Very |Fair

 | | | | | poor | | poor | poor | | poor | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1325: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bowstring---------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor | | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1356: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Water, miscellaneous. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1422: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood---------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1866: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Perella-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Very |Poor |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor | --- |Fair |Poor

 | poor | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Radium------------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor | --- |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Fair

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-------------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good |Poor

 | poor | poor | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1879: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor

 | poor | poor | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor

 | poor | poor | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner------------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor

 | poor | poor | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1916: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lindaas-----------------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

295

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the data in the tables described under the

heading “Soil Properties.”

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different

soils may be included within the mapped areas of a

specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about grain-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 or 6

feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal

high water table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural

soil structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

The table “Building Site Development” shows the

degree and kind of soil limitations that affect shallow

excavations, dwellings with and without basements,

small commercial buildings, local roads and streets,

and lawns and landscaping. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features

generally are favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required. Special feasibility studies may be required

where the soil limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

Engineering
296 Soil Survey of

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense

layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time

of the year that excavations can be made is affected

by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the

susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of

the excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving is

affected by soil texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based

on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, depth to

bedrock, large stones, and flooding affect the ease of

excavation and construction. Landscaping and grading

that require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are

not considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills generally are

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large

stones, and slope affect the ease of excavating and

grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering

classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential,

potential for frost action, and depth to a high water

table affect the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock, the available water capacity in the upper 40

inches, and the content of salts affect plant growth.

Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and the amount

of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer

affect trafficability after vegetation is established.

Sanitary Facilities

The table “Sanitary Facilities” shows the degree and

the kind of soil limitations that affect septic tank

absorption fields, sewage lagoons, and sanitary

landfills. It also shows the suitability of the soils for use

as daily cover for landfill.

Soil properties are important in selecting sites for

sanitary facilities and in identifying limiting soil

properties and site features to be considered in

planning, design, and installation. Soil limitation ratings

of slight, moderate, or severe are given for septic tank

absorption fields, sewage lagoons, and trench and

area sanitary landfills. Soil suitability ratings of good,

fair, and poor are given for daily cover for landfill.

A rating of slight or good indicates that the soils

have no limitations or that the limitations can be easily

overcome. Good performance and low maintenance

can be expected. A rating of moderate or fair indicates

that the limitations should be recognized but generally

can be overcome by good management or special

design. A rating of severe or poor indicates that

overcoming the limitations is difficult or impractical.

Increased maintenance may be required.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

subsurface systems of tile or perforated pipe distribute

effluent from a septic tank into the natural soil. The

centerline of the tile is assumed to be at a depth of 24

inches. Only the part of the soil between depths of 24

and 60 inches is considered in making the ratings. The

soil properties and site features considered are those

that affect the absorption of the effluent, those that

affect the construction and maintenance of the

system, and those that may affect public health.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock, and

flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Large stones

and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with

installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base of

the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field

to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances

require that this material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted, relatively impervious soil material.

Aerobic lagoons generally are designed to hold the

sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Relatively

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 297

is desirable to minimize seepage and contamination of

local ground water.

The table gives ratings for the natural soil that

makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and,

generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface

layer are excavated to provide material for the

embankments. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance

of the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope,

permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock,

flooding, large stones, and content of organic matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter

is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope and bedrock

can cause construction problems, and large stones

can hinder compaction of the lagoon floor.

Trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid waste

is disposed of by placing refuse in successive layers in

an excavated trench. The waste is spread, compacted,

and covered daily with a thin layer of soil that is

excavated from the trench. When the trench is full, a

final cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick is placed

over the landfill. Soil properties that influence the risk

of pollution, the ease of excavation, trafficability, and

revegetation are the major considerations in rating the

soils.

Area sanitary landfill is an area where solid waste is

disposed of by placing refuse in successive layers on

the surface of the soil. The waste is spread,

compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil

that is imported from a source away from the site. A

final cover of soil at least 2 feet thick is placed over the

completed landfill. Soil properties that influence

trafficability, revegetation, and the risk of pollution are

the main considerations in rating the soils for area

sanitary landfills.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. The ratings in the table are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Permeability, depth to

bedrock, a high water table, slope, and flooding affect

both types of landfill. Texture, stones and boulders,

highly organic layers, soil reaction, and content of salts

affect trench landfills. Unless otherwise stated, the

ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth

of about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a limitation rated

slight or moderate may not be valid. Onsite

investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

The suitability of a soil for use as cover is based on

properties that affect workability and the ease of

digging, moving, and spreading the material over the

refuse daily during both wet and dry periods.

Soil texture, wetness, rock fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock or the water table to permit

revegetation. The soil material used as the final cover

for a landfill should be suitable for plants. The surface

layer generally has the best workability, more organic

matter, and the best potential for plants. Material from

the surface layer should be stockpiled for use as the

final cover.

Waste Management

Soil properties are important when organic waste is

applied as fertilizer and wastewater is applied in

irrigated areas. They also are important when the soil

is used as a medium for the treatment and disposal of

the organic waste and wastewater. Unfavorable soil

properties can result in environmental damage.

The use of organic waste and wastewater as

production resources results in energy and resource

conservation and minimizes the problems associated

with waste disposal. If disposal is the goal, applying a

maximum amount of the organic waste or the

wastewater to a minimal area holds costs to a

minimum and environmental damage is the main

hazard. If reuse is the goal, a minimum amount should

be applied to a maximum area and environmental

damage is unlikely.

Interpretations developed for waste management

may include ratings for manure- and food-processing

waste, municipal sewage sludge, use of wastewater

for irrigation, and treatment of wastewater by slow

rate, overland flow, and rapid infiltration processes.

Specific information regarding waste management

is available at the local office of the Natural Resources
298 Soil Survey of

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension

Service.

Construction Materials

The table “Construction Materials” gives information

about the soils as a source of roadfill, sand, gravel,

and topsoil. The soils are rated good, fair, or poor as a

source of roadfill and topsoil. They are rated as a

probable or improbable source of sand and gravel.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In the table, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information can

help to determine the suitability of each layer for use

as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized

with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel, or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have one or more

of the following characteristics: a plasticity index of

more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential, many

stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They are

wet and have a water table at a depth of less than 1

foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but the

material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction (fig. 24).

Specifications for each use vary widely. In the table,

only the probability of finding material in suitable

quantity in or below the soil is evaluated. The suitability

of the material for specific purposes is not evaluated,

nor are factors that affect excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

as much as 12 percent silty fines. This material must

be at least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by

weight, large stones. All other soils are rated as an

improbable source. Fragments of soft bedrock, such

as shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand

and gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and

toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to

fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15

percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal high

water table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils generally is

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 299

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

The table “Water Management” gives information on

the soil properties and site features that affect water

management. The degree and kind of soil limitations

are given for pond reservoir areas; embankments,

dikes, and levees; and aquifer-fed excavated ponds.

The limitations are considered slight if soil properties

and site features generally are favorable for the

indicated use and limitations are minor and are easily

overcome; moderate if soil properties or site features

are not favorable for the indicated use and special

planning, design, or maintenance is needed to

overcome or minimize the limitations; and severe if soil

properties or site features are so unfavorable or so

difficult to overcome that special design, significant

increase in construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In the table, the soils are rated as a

Figure 24.—An area of Sandberg soils that has been excavated for sand and gravel.
300 Soil Survey of

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even more than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high

content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts

or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of

usable material. It also affects trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of

large stones affect the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock or to other layers that affect the rate of water

movement; permeability; depth to a high water table or

depth of standing water if the soil is subject to ponding;

slope; susceptibility to flooding; subsidence of organic

layers; and the potential for frost action. Excavating

and grading and the stability of ditchbanks are affected

by depth to bedrock, large stones, slope, and the

hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of the soil

after drainage is adversely affected by extreme acidity

or by toxic substances in the root zone, such as salts.

Availability of drainage outlets is not considered in the

ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock. The performance of a system is

affected by the depth of the root zone, the amount of

salts, and soil reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff.

Slope, wetness, large stones, and depth to bedrock

affect the construction of terraces and diversions. A

restricted rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind

erosion or water erosion, an excessively coarse

texture, and restricted permeability adversely affect

maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large

stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock affect

the construction of grassed waterways. A hazard of

wind erosion, low available water capacity, restricted

rooting depth, toxic substances such as salts, and

restricted permeability adversely affect the growth and

maintenance of the grass after construction.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 301

Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating

 is applicable.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

20B: | | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | |

20C2: | | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

20D2: | | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

20E: | | | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

38B: | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

38C2: | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

38D2: | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

45B: | | | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

45C: | | | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

45E: | | | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |

47: | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |
302 Soil Survey of

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

59: | | | | | |

 Grimstad----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

65: | | | | | |

 Foxhome-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | frost action |

 | | | | | |

66: | | | | | |

 Flaming-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | frost action | droughty

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action | wetness

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action | wetness

 | | wetness | | slope | low strength |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action | wetness

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

111: | | | | | |

 Hangaard----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | |

 Hamerly-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | |

185D2: | | | | | |

 Hattie------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | | | | slope | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

236: | | | | | |

 Vallers-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | |

 Marquette---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave | | | slope | | droughty

 | | | | | |

242D: | | | | | |

 Marquette---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | cutbanks cave | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 303

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

258C: | | | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

258E: | | | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | cutbanks cave | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

296: | | | | | |

 Fram--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | |

341B: | | | | | |

 Arvilla-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

348: | | | | | |

 Borup-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

372: | | | | | |

 Hamar-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness | droughty

 | | | | | |

387: | | | | | |

 Roliss------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

412: | | | | | |

 Mavie-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

422A: | | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | wetness | | wetness | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

422B: | | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | wetness | | wetness | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

422C2: | | | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | | slope | slope | shrink-swell |

 | wetness | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

426: | | | | | |

 Foldahl-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | shrink-swell | | frost action | droughty

 | | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

435: | | | | | |

 Syrene------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |
304 Soil Survey of

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

439: | | | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

450: | | | | | |

 Rauville----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

481: | | | | | |

 Kratka------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |

494B: | | | | | |

 Darnen------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | shrink-swell | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | |

506: | | | | | |

 Overly------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | wetness | | wetness | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

540: | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | | |

543: | | | | | |

 Markey------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | | |

544: | | | | | |

 Cathro------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | subsides | subsides | subsides | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | subsides | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

547: | | | | | |

 Deerwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | excess humus

 | cutbanks cave | | | | | ponding

 | | | | | |

563: | | | | | |

 Northwood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | excess humus

 | cutbanks cave | | | | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | |

565: | | | | | |

 Eckvoll-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | | shrink-swell | | frost action |

 | | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

573D: | | | | | |

 Serden------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 305

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

582: | | | | | |

 Roliss------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

641: | | | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

642: | | | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

643: | | | | | |

 Huot--------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | shrink-swell | | frost action | droughty

 | | | | | |

645: | | | | | |

 Espelie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

647: | | | | | |

 Hilaire-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | shrink-swell | | frost action | droughty

 | | | | | |

650: | | | | | |

 Reiner------------------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | | wetness | | frost action |

 | | | | | |

651: | | | | | |

 Thiefriver--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

667B: | | | | | |

 Fairdale----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | wetness | | | | |

 | | | | | |

667C2: | | | | | |

 Fairdale----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | slope | | | slope | | slope

 | wetness | | | | |

 | | | | | |

670: | | | | | |

 Knute-------------------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight

 | wetness | | wetness | | frost action |

 | | | | | |

671: | | | | | |

 Onstad------------------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight

 | wetness | | wetness | | frost action |

 | | | | | |
306 Soil Survey of

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

681: | | | | | |

 Brandsvold--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

694D2: | | | | | |

 Zell--------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | | | | | |

704: | | | | | |

 Wyrene------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness | droughty

 | | | | | |

707A: | | | | | |

 Lizzie------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

712: | | | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |

713: | | | | | |

 Linveldt----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | frost action |

 | | | | | |

718B: | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | slope | |

 | | | | | |

718C: | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | | |

718E: | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

733: | | | | | |

 Berner------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | subsides | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | subsides | ponding | subsides | subsides | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | ponding | | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | | |

735B: | | | | | |

 Halverson---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

735C: | | | | | |

 Halverson---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

737: | | | | | |

 Mahkonce----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | wetness | | wetness | | low strength |

 | | | | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 307

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

746: | | | | | |

 Haslie------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | |

749: | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

765: | | | | | |

 Smiley------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

767: | | | | | |

 Auganaush---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | | wetness | | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

791: | | | | | |

 Winterfield-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | | |

827B: | | | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | |

827C2: | | | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

908: | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action | wetness

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

935: | | | | | |

 Hegne-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |
308 Soil Survey of

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

967B: | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | | | | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

967C2: | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

979D2: | | | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | cutbanks cave | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

 Haploborolls------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | flooding | flooding | flooding | slope | slope

 | | slope | slope | slope | |

 | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Udipsamments------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | |

 Haslie------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | |

 Cathro------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | | | | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | |

1117: | | | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 309

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1119: | | | | | |

 Nielsville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

1121: | | | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

1122: | | | | | |

 Nielsville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

 Perella-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

1142: | | | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

 Fram--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

 Kratka------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1152B: | | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | | slope | | large stones

 | | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

1152C: | | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | slope | large stones

 | | | | | | slope

 | | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

1152E: | | | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1233D: | | | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |
310 Soil Survey of

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | |

 Ulen--------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | frost action | droughty

 | | | | | |

1278: | | | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Venlo-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1279: | | | | | |

 Vallers-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

 Hamerly-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | |

1280: | | | | | |

 Gunclub-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action | wetness

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

1283: | | | | | |

 Reis--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | |

 Augsburg----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | |

 Borup-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | |

 Glyndon-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | frost action |

 | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | |

 Glyndon-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | |

 Wheatville--------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | | shrink-swell | | frost action |

 | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 311

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1323B: | | | | | |

 LaDelle-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | wetness | | | | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

1325: | | | | | |

 Bowstring---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | excess humus

 | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides | flooding

 | cutbanks cave | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | cutbanks cave | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

1356: | | | | | |

 Water, miscellaneous. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1422: | | | | | |

 Northwood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | ponding | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | | ponding | low strength | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

1866: | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

 Perella-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | ponding | ponding | ponding | shrink-swell | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | |

 Radium------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | |

 Hamre-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | excess humus

 | | | | | ponding | ponding

 | | | | | |

1879: | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |
312 Soil Survey of

Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

 Berner------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | excess humus

 | cutbanks cave | subsides | subsides | subsides | wetness | wetness

 | | | | | subsides |

 | | | | | |

1916: | | | | | |

 Lindaas-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | shrink-swell | ponding | shrink-swell | low strength | ponding

 | | ponding | | ponding | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action | wetness

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 313

Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

20B: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Good

 | percs slowly | seepage | | |

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

20C2: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

20D2: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

20E: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

38B: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

38C2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | | |

38D2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

45B: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

45C: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

45E: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

47: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

57A: | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |
314 Soil Survey of

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

59: | | | | |

 Grimstad---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | wetness | seepage | wetness

 | poor filter | wetness | | wetness |

 | | | | |

65: | | | | |

 Foxhome----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | wetness | seepage | too clayey

 | | wetness | | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

66: | | | | |

 Flaming----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

67B: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

93A: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

111: | | | | |

 Hangaard---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

184A: | | | | |

 Hamerly----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

185D2: | | | | |

 Hattie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

236: | | | | |

 Vallers----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

242B: | | | | |

 Marquette--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

242D: | | | | |

 Marquette--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 315

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

258B: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

258C: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

258E: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

296: | | | | |

 Fram-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

341B: | | | | |

 Arvilla----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

348: | | | | |

 Borup------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | ponding

 | poor filter | ponding | too sandy | ponding |

 | | | ponding | |

 | | | | |

372: | | | | |

 Hamar------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

387: | | | | |

 Roliss-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | | | |

 | | | | |

412: | | | | |

 Mavie------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness |

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

422A: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

422B: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |
316 Soil Survey of

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

422C2: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

426: | | | | |

 Foldahl----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | small stones

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness | too clayey

 | poor filter | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

435: | | | | |

 Syrene-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

439: | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness |

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

450: | | | | |

 Rauville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | hard to pack

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

481: | | | | |

 Kratka-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness |

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

494B: | | | | |

 Darnen-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

506: | | | | |

 Overly-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | thin layer

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

540: | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

543: | | | | |

 Markey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | subsides | seepage | too sandy | ponding | too sandy

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

544: | | | | |

 Cathro-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | ponding | seepage | ponding

 | ponding | seepage | | ponding |

 | | ponding | | |

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 317

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

547: | | | | |

 Deerwood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | excess humus | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | seepage | too sandy | ponding | too sandy

 | | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

563: | | | | |

 Northwood--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | excess humus | ponding | seepage | ponding

 | | seepage | | ponding |

 | | ponding | | |

 | | | | |

565: | | | | |

 Eckvoll----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness | wetness

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

573D: | | | | |

 Serden-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

582: | | | | |

 Roliss-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

641: | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

642: | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

643: | | | | |

 Huot-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

645: | | | | |

 Espelie----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

647: | | | | |

 Hilaire----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |
318 Soil Survey of

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

650: | | | | |

 Reiner-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | small stones

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

651: | | | | |

 Thiefriver-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | poor filter | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

667B: | | | | |

 Fairdale---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

667C2: | | | | |

 Fairdale---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | slope

 | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | | |

670: | | | | |

 Knute------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

671: | | | | |

 Onstad-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

681: | | | | |

 Brandsvold-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

694D2: | | | | |

 Zell-------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

704: | | | | |

 Wyrene-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

707A: | | | | |

 Lizzie-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | | too clayey

 | | | | |

712: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

713: | | | | |

 Linveldt---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | wetness | seepage | too clayey

 | poor filter | wetness | | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 319

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

718B: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | | |

718C: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | | |

718E: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

733: | | | | |

 Berner-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | ponding | seepage | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | poor filter | ponding | | |

 | | | | |

735B: | | | | |

 Halverson--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Good

 | percs slowly | seepage | | seepage |

 | | | | |

735C: | | | | |

 Halverson--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | slope | seepage | slope

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

737: | | | | |

 Mahkonce---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

746: | | | | |

 Haslie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | hard to pack

 | ponding | seepage | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | ponding | | |

 | | | | |

749: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

765: | | | | |

 Smiley-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

767: | | | | |

 Auganaush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

791: | | | | |

 Winterfield------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | seepage

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | poor filter | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |
320 Soil Survey of

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

827B: | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Good

 | percs slowly | seepage | | |

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Good

 | percs slowly | seepage | | |

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

827C2: | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

908: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

935: | | | | |

 Hegne------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

967B: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

 Langhei----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

967C2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Langhei----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | too clayey | | too clayey

 | | | | |

979D2: | | | | |

 Langhei----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 321

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1006: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | seepage

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | ponding

 | poor filter | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | |

 Haploborolls-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

1030: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udipsamments-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

1113: | | | | |

 Haslie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | hard to pack

 | subsides | seepage | too clayey | ponding | too clayey

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

 Cathro-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | ponding | seepage | ponding

 | ponding | seepage | | ponding |

 | | ponding | | |

 | | | | |

1117: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

1119: | | | | |

 Nielsville-------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | thin layer

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

1121: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

1122: | | | | |

 Nielsville-------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | thin layer

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Perella----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | | | |

 | | | | |

1142: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

 Fram-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |
322 Soil Survey of

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1144: | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | ponding | seepage | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | | ponding |

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

 Kratka-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | ponding | seepage | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | | ponding |

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

1152B: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

1152C: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

1152E: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

1233D: | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

1264: | | | | |

 Ulen-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | too sandy | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | wetness | wetness | too sandy

 | | | | |

1278: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Venlo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | ponding | too sandy | ponding | too sandy

 | | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

1279: | | | | |

 Vallers----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Hamerly----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 323

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1280: | | | | |

 Gunclub----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | thin layer

 | wetness | | | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

1283: | | | | |

 Reis-------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

1297: | | | | |

 Augsburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

1299: | | | | |

 Borup------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

1304A: | | | | |

 Glyndon----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | | wetness | too sandy | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

1304B: | | | | |

 Glyndon----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | | wetness | too sandy | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

1315A: | | | | |

 Wheatville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | |

1323B: | | | | |

 LaDelle----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | hard to pack

 | percs slowly | | wetness | |

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

1325: | | | | |

 Bowstring--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | excess humus | flooding | flooding | excess humus

 | percs slowly | flooding | seepage | seepage | ponding

 | ponding | seepage | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | seepage

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | ponding

 | poor filter | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | |
324 Soil Survey of

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1356: | | | | |

 Water, miscellaneous. | | | | |

 | | | | |

1422: | | | | |

 Northwood--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | ponding | seepage | ponding

 | ponding | seepage | | ponding |

 | | ponding | | |

 | | | | |

1866: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Perella----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

1871: | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

1874: | | | | |

 Radium-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

1878: | | | | |

 Hamre------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | | |

 | | | | |

1879: | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

1882: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness |

 | poor filter | | | |

 | | | | |

 Berner-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | wetness | seepage | wetness

 | wetness | seepage | | wetness |

 | poor filter | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

1916: | | | | |

 Lindaas----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | | |

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 325

Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

1963: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

1964: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
326 Soil Survey of

Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

20B: | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

20C2: | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | slope,

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

20D2: | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

20E: | | | |

 Chapett-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

38B: | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

38C2: | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

38D2: | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | |

 | | | |

45B: | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

45C: | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

45E: | | | |

 Maddock-----------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | | too sandy | slope

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

47: | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

57A: | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 327

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

59: | | | |

 Grimstad----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | |

65: | | | |

 Foxhome-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

66: | | | |

 Flaming-----------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

67B: | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

93A: | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

111: | | | |

 Hangaard----------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | wetness | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

184A: | | | |

 Hamerly-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

185D2: | | | |

 Hattie------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

236: | | | |

 Vallers-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

242B: | | | |

 Marquette---------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

242D: | | | |

 Marquette---------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | slope | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

258B: | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |
328 Soil Survey of

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

258C: | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

258E: | | | |

 Sandberg----------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | slope | | | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

296: | | | |

 Fram--------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

341B: | | | |

 Arvilla-----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

348: | | | |

 Borup-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

372: | | | |

 Hamar-------------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

387: | | | |

 Roliss------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

412: | | | |

 Mavie-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

422A: | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

422B: | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

422C2: | | | |

 Bygland-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

426: | | | |

 Foldahl-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

435: | | | |

 Syrene------------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 329

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

439: | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

450: | | | |

 Rauville----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

481: | | | |

 Kratka------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

494B: | | | |

 Darnen------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

506: | | | |

 Overly------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | |

540: | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

543: | | | |

 Markey------------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

544: | | | |

 Cathro------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

547: | | | |

 Deerwood----------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

563: | | | |

 Northwood---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

565: | | | |

 Eckvoll-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

573D: | | | |

 Serden------------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | | too sandy | slope

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

582: | | | |

 Roliss------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
330 Soil Survey of

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

641: | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

642: | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

643: | | | |

 Huot--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | thin layer

 | | | |

645: | | | |

 Espelie-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

647: | | | |

 Hilaire-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too sandy

 | | | |

650: | | | |

 Reiner------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

651: | | | |

 Thiefriver--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

667B: | | | |

 Fairdale----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

667C2: | | | |

 Fairdale----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

670: | | | |

 Knute-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

671: | | | |

 Onstad------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

681: | | | |

 Brandsvold--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 331

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

694D2: | | | |

 Zell--------------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

704: | | | |

 Wyrene------------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | wetness | | | small stones

 | | | |

707A: | | | |

 Lizzie------------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

712: | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

713: | | | |

 Linveldt----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

718B: | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | |

718C: | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | |

718E: | | | |

 Naytahwaush-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | thin layer

 | | | |

733: | | | |

 Berner------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

735B: | | | |

 Halverson---------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | |

735C: | | | |

 Halverson---------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | |

737: | | | |

 Mahkonce----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

746: | | | |

 Haslie------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | excess humus

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

749: | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
332 Soil Survey of

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

765: | | | |

 Smiley------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

767: | | | |

 Auganaush---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

791: | | | |

 Winterfield-------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

827B: | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

827C2: | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

908: | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

935: | | | |

 Hegne-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

967B: | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 333

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

967C2: | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

979D2: | | | |

 Langhei-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | |

 | | | |

 Waukon------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | |

 | | | |

1006: | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | wetness

 | | | |

 Haploborolls------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | |

 | | | |

1030: | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | |

 | | | |

 Udipsamments------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | slope | | | slope

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

1113: | | | |

 Haslie------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | excess humus

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Cathro------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

1117: | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

1119: | | | |

 Nielsville--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

1121: | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |
334 Soil Survey of

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1122: | | | |

 Nielsville--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

 Perella-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

1142: | | | |

 Hedman------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

 Fram--------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

1144: | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Kratka------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

1152B: | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

1152C: | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

1152E: | | | |

 Sugarbush---------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | slope | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

1233D: | | | |

 Esmond------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

 Heimdal-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

1264: | | | |

 Ulen--------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | thin layer | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

1278: | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Venlo-------------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 335

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1279: | | | |

 Vallers-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

 Hamerly-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

1280: | | | |

 Gunclub-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

1283: | | | |

 Reis--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

 Clearwater--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

1297: | | | |

 Augsburg----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

1299: | | | |

 Borup-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

1304A: | | | |

 Glyndon-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | |

1304B: | | | |

 Glyndon-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | |

1315A: | | | |

 Wheatville--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | shrink-swell | | | too sandy

 | | | |

1323B: | | | |

 LaDelle-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

1325: | | | |

 Bowstring---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | wetness

 | | | |

1356: | | | |

 Water, miscellaneous. | | | |

 | | | |
336 Soil Survey of

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1422: | | | |

 Northwood---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

1866: | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

 Perella-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

1871: | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

1874: | | | |

 Radium------------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | small stones

 | | | | too sandy

 | | | |

1878: | | | |

 Hamre-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

1879: | | | |

 Seelyeville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

1882: | | | |

 Rosewood----------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Strathcona--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

 Berner------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

1916: | | | |

 Lindaas-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

1963: | | | |

 Bearden-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

1964: | | | |

 Colvin------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 337

Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

1964: | | | |

 Fargo-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Water Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for ons

 See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 20B: | | | | | |  Chapett----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Soil blo | seepage | piping | no water | | slope |  | slope | | | | soil blowing |  | | | | | | 20C2: | | | | | |  Chapett----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Slope  | slope | piping | no water | | slope | soil bl | | | | | soil blowing |  | | | | | | 20D2: | | | | | |  Chapett----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Slope  | slope | piping | no water | | slope | soil bl | | | | | soil blowing |  | | | | | | 20E: | | | | | |  Chapett----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Slope  | slope | piping | no water | | slope | soil bl | | | | | soil blowing |  | | | | | | 38B: | | | | | |  Waukon-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Favorabl | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 38C2: | | | | | |  Waukon-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 38D2: | | | | | |  Waukon-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 45B: | | | | | |  Maddock----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Too sand | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | soil bl | | piping | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 45C: | | | | | |  Maddock----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too san | slope | piping | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 45E: | | | | | |  Maddock----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too san | slope | piping | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 47: | | | | | |  Colvin-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | wetness | slow refill | | |  | | | | | | 57A: | | | | | |  Fargo------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | slow intake | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | | 59: | | | | | |  Grimstad---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Wetness-------|Erodes e | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| | | wetness  | | wetness | | | | soil bl | | | | | | 65: | | | | | |  Foxhome----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| | soil blowing | soil bl | | | | | | 66: | | | | | |  Flaming----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Fast intake |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | wetness | wetness  | | piping | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | |  Bearden----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | | wetness | slow refill | | | percs s | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | 67B: | | | | | |  Bearden----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope |Erodes e | slope | wetness | slow refill | slope | wetness | percs s | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | 93A: | | | | | |  Bearden----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | | wetness | slow refill | | | percs s | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | 111: | | | | | |  Hangaard---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | droughty | wetness  | | wetness | | | | soil bl | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 184A: | | | | | |  Hamerly----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 185D2: | | | | | |  Hattie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly |Percs sl | slope | hard to pack | no water | | slope | slope  | | | | | slow intake |  | | | | | | 236: | | | | | |  Vallers----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | | piping | slow refill | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 242B: | | | | | |  Marquette--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Too sand | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | soil bl | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 242D: | | | | | |  Marquette--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too san | slope | | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 258B: | | | | | |  Sandberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Too sand | seepage | seepage | no water | | droughty | soil bl | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | 258C: | | | | | |  Sandberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | droughty | too san | slope | piping | | | | soil bl | | | | | | 258E: | | | | | |  Sandberg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | droughty | too san | slope | piping | | | | soil bl | | | | | | 296: | | | | | |  Fram-------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 341B: | | | | | |  Arvilla----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing |Too sand | seepage | seepage | no water | | droughty | soil bl | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | 348: | | | | | |  Borup------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Excess salt |Ponding | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| ponding | ponding |  | | ponding | | cutbanks cave| |  | | | | | | 372: | | | | | |  Hamar------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Fast intake |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | wetness | wetness  | | piping | | | droughty | soil bl | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 387: | | | | | |  Roliss-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Ponding | seepage | piping | slow refill | ponding | |  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 412: | | | | | |  Mavie------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | | soil blowing | wetness  | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 422A: | | | | | |  Bygland----------------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | | wetness  | | piping | | | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 422B: | | | | | |  Bygland----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope |Erodes e | slope | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | piping | | slope | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 422C2: | | | | | |  Bygland----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope |Erodes e | slope | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | wetness | slope  | | piping | | slope | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 426: | | | | | |  Foldahl----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | | droughty | wetness  | | | cutbanks cave| | | soil bl | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 435: | | | | | |  Syrene-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness |Erodes e | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | soil blowing | too san | | wetness | | | droughty | wetness  | | | | | | 439: | | | | | |  Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | piping | slow refill | | soil blowing | soil bl | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | |  | | | | | | 450: | | | | | |  Rauville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Flooding |Wetness | seepage | hard to pack | slow refill | frost action | wetness |  | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | |  | | | | | | 481: | | | | | |  Kratka-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Wetness |Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | | soil blowing | wetness  | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 494B: | | | | | |  Darnen-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Favorabl | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 506: | | | | | |  Overly-----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes e | | piping | slow refill | | percs slowly |  | | | | | | 540: | | | | | |  Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Soil blo | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | subsides | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 543: | | | | | |  Markey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Too sand | seepage | seepage | slow refill | subsides | ponding | soil bl | | piping | cutbanks cave| ponding | | ponding  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 544: | | | | | |  Cathro-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Soil blo | seepage | piping | slow refill | subsides | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 547: | | | | | |  Deerwood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Subsides |Soil blowing |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| ponding | ponding | soil bl | | piping | | cutbanks cave| | ponding  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 563: | | | | | |  Northwood--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Rooting depth |Erodes e | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| subsides | soil blowing | soil bl | | ponding | | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | 565: | | | | | |  Eckvoll----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Fast intake |Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | soil blowing | soil bl | | | | | | 573D: | | | | | |  Serden-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too san | slope | piping | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 582: | | | | | |  Roliss-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | piping | slow refill | | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 641: | | | | | |  Clearwater-------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | slow intake | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | | 642: | | | | | |  Clearwater-------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 643: | | | | | |  Huot-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Percs sl | seepage | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | droughty | wetness  | | | cutbanks cave| | | soil bl | | | | | | 645: | | | | | |  Espelie----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Percs sl | seepage | wetness | slow refill | percs slowly | soil blowing | wetness  | | | cutbanks cave| | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 647: | | | | | |  Hilaire----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Fast intake |Percs sl | seepage | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | | cutbanks cave| | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 650: | | | | | |  Reiner-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | piping | slow refill | | soil blowing | soil bl | | | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 651: | | | | | |  Thiefriver-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Percs sl | seepage | wetness | slow refill | percs slowly | soil blowing | wetness  | | | cutbanks cave| | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 667B: | | | | | |  Fairdale---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Favorabl | seepage | piping | slow refill | | |  | slope | | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 667C2: | | | | | |  Fairdale---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Slope-- | slope | piping | slow refill | | |  | | | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 670: | | | | | |  Knute------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Favorable-----|Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | piping | slow refill | | soil blowing | soil bl | | | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 671: | | | | | |  Onstad-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Favorable-----|Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | piping | slow refill | | |  | | | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 681: | | | | | |  Brandsvold-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | piping | slow refill | | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 694D2: | | | | | |  Zell-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Erodes e | slope | piping | no water | | | slope  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 704: | | | | | |  Wyrene-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | soil blowing | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 707A: | | | | | |  Lizzie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable-----|Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 712: | | | | | |  Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | droughty | wetness  | | piping | | | | soil bl | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 713: | | | | | |  Linveldt---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| | | soil bl | | | | | | 718B: | | | | | |  Naytahwaush------------|Moderate: |Slight--------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly |Erodes e | slope | | no water | | slope |  | | | | | | 718C: | | | | | |  Naytahwaush------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly |Erodes e | slope | | no water | | slope | slope  | | | | | |  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 718E: | | | | | |  Naytahwaush------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly |Erodes e | slope | | no water | | slope | slope  | | | | | |  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 733: | | | | | |  Berner-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Rooting depth |Soil blo | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | subsides | soil blowing | ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| ponding | ponding |  | | | | | | 735B: | | | | | |  Halverson--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Soil blo | seepage | piping | no water | | slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 735C: | | | | | |  Halverson--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | piping | no water | | slope | soil bl | slope | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 737: | | | | | |  Mahkonce---------------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | | wetness | slow refill | percs slowly | |  | | | | | | 746: | | | | | |  Haslie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Percs slowly |Percs sl | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | subsides | soil blowing | soil bl | | ponding | | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | 749: | | | | | |  Colvin-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Flooding |Erodes e | seepage | wetness | slow refill | frost action | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 765: | | | | | |  Smiley-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | piping | slow refill | | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 767: | | | | | |  Auganaush--------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | wetness | slow refill | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 791: | | | | | |  Winterfield------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Wetness |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| droughty | wetness  | | piping | | | | soil bl | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 827B: | | | | | |  Heimdal----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Favorabl | seepage | piping | no water | | slope |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | |  Esmond-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Favorabl | seepage | piping | no water | | slope |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 827C2: | | | | | |  Heimdal----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | slope |  | | | | | |  Esmond-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | slope |  | | | | | | 908: | | | | | |  Bearden----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | | wetness | slow refill | | | percs s | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | |  Fargo------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | slow intake | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | | 935: | | | | | |  Hegne------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | wetness | slow refill | | slow intake | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | |  Fargo------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | slow intake | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | | 967B: | | | | | |  Waukon-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Favorabl | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | |  Langhei----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Favorabl | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 967C2: | | | | | |  Waukon-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | |  Langhei----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 979D2: | | | | | |  Langhei----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | |  Waukon-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1006: | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Rooting depth |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| frost action | ponding | ponding  | | piping | | ponding | droughty |  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | |  Haploborolls-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 1030: | | | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Udipsamments-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too san | slope | piping | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 1113: | | | | | |  Haslie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Percs slowly |Percs sl | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | subsides | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | |  Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Ponding | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | ponding | |  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | |  Cathro-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Ponding | seepage | piping | slow refill | ponding | |  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 1117: | | | | | |  Hedman-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | piping | slow refill | | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 1119: | | | | | |  Nielsville-------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Wetness | | wetness | slow refill | | wetness |  | | | | | | 1121: | | | | | |  Hedman-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Ponding | seepage | piping | slow refill | ponding | |  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1122: | | | | | |  Nielsville-------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Wetness | | wetness | slow refill | | wetness |  | | | | | |  Perella----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Ponding | seepage | piping | slow refill | ponding | |  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 1142: | | | | | |  Hedman-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | piping | slow refill | | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | |  Fram-------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 1144: | | | | | |  Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Soil blo | seepage | piping | slow refill | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| | |  | | | | | |  Kratka-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding-------|Soil blowing |Soil blo | seepage | piping | slow refill | | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| | |  | | | | | | 1152B: | | | | | |  Sugarbush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Too sand | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | soil bl | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | 1152C: | | | | | |  Sugarbush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too san | slope | | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 1152E: | | | | | |  Sugarbush--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too san | slope | | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 1233D: | | | | | |  Esmond-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | slope |  | | | | | |  Heimdal----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Rooting depth |Slope-- | slope | piping | no water | | slope |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1264: | | | | | |  Ulen-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | droughty | wetness  | | piping | | | | soil bl | | | | | | 1278: | | | | | |  Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | droughty | wetness  | | piping | | | | soil bl | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | |  Venlo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding |Ponding |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| droughty | soil bl | | piping | | | | ponding  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 1279: | | | | | |  Vallers----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | | piping | slow refill | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | |  Hamerly----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 1280: | | | | | |  Gunclub----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Wetness | | wetness | slow refill | | wetness |  | | | | | | 1283: | | | | | |  Reis-------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | slow intake | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | |  Clearwater-------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | slow intake | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | | 1297: | | | | | |  Augsburg---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | seepage | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | soil blowing | soil bl | | | | | | 1299: | | | | | |  Borup------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| soil blowing | soil bl | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1304A: | | | | | |  Glyndon----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Erodes e | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| soil blowing | wetness  | | | | | | soil bl | | | | | | 1304B: | | | | | |  Glyndon----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope |Erodes e | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | cutbanks cave| soil blowing | soil bl | | | | | | 1315A: | | | | | |  Wheatville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Percs sl | seepage | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | soil blowing | wetness  | | | cutbanks cave| | | soil bl | | | | | | 1323B: | | | | | |  LaDelle----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Flooding------|Favorabl | seepage | hard to pack | slow refill | | |  | | | | | | 1325: | | | | | |  Bowstring--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Flooding |Ponding | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | subsides | ponding |  | | ponding | cutbanks cave| ponding | |  | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Rooting depth |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| frost action | ponding | ponding  | | piping | | ponding | droughty |  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 1356: | | | | | |  Water, miscellaneous. | | | | | |  | | | | | | 1422: | | | | | |  Northwood--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Percs slowly |Erodes e | seepage | piping | slow refill | subsides | soil blowing | soil bl | | ponding | cutbanks cave| ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | 1866: | | | | | |  Colvin-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | wetness | slow refill | | |  | | | | | |  Perella----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Wetness | seepage | piping | slow refill | percs slowly | wetness |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1871: | | | | | |  Fargo------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | slow intake | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | ponding |  | | | | | | 1874: | | | | | |  Radium-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Fast intake |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | wetness | wetness  | | piping | | | droughty | soil bl | | | | | | 1878: | | | | | |  Hamre------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Soil blo | seepage | piping | slow refill | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | 1879: | | | | | |  Seelyeville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Soil blo | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | subsides | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 1882: | | | | | |  Rosewood---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Too sand | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| droughty | wetness  | | piping | | | | soil bl | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | |  Strathcona-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | piping | slow refill | | soil blowing | soil bl | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | droughty |  | | | | | |  Berner-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Rooting depth |Wetness  | seepage | wetness | slow refill | subsides | wetness | soil bl | | | cutbanks cave| | soil blowing |  | | | | | | 1916: | | | | | |  Lindaas----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | percs slowly | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 1963: | | | | | |  Bearden----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | | wetness | slow refill | | | percs s | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | |  Colvin-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | wetness | slow refill | | |  | | | | | | 
Water Management--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 1964: | | | | | |  Colvin-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Wetness | seepage | wetness | slow refill | | |  | | | | | |  Fargo------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs sl | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | slow intake | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

355

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey. The data and the

estimates of soil and water features, listed in tables,

are explained on the following pages.

Soil properties are determined by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine grain-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties shown in the tables

include the range of grain-size distribution and

Atterberg limits, the engineering classification, and the

physical and chemical properties of the major layers of

each soil. Pertinent soil and water features also are

given.

Engineering Index Properties

The table “Engineering Index Properties” gives

estimates of the engineering classification and of the

range of index properties for the major layers of each

soil in the survey area. Most soils have layers of

contrasting properties within the upper 5 or 6 feet.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated. The range in depth and information

on other properties of each layer are given in the

series descriptions in Part I of this survey.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil that

is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less

than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles

coarser than sand is as much as 15 percent, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 1998)

and the system adopted by the American Association

of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO, 1998).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to grain-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A-7

groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4,

A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional

refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade

material can be indicated by a group index number.

Group index numbers range from 0 for the best

subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Soil Properties
356 Soil Survey of

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid limit,

and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in the

table.

Physical Properties

The table “Physical Properties of the Soils” shows

estimates of some characteristics and features that

affect soil behavior. These estimates are given for the

major layers of each soil in the survey area. The

estimates are based on field observations and on test

data for these and similar soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated. The range in depth and information

on other properties of each layer are given in the

series descriptions in Part I of this survey.

Clay as a soil separate, or component, consists of

mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002

millimeter in diameter. The estimated clay content of

each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by

weight, of the soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter.

The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the

fertility and physical condition of the soil. They

determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and

to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell

potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil

dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and

kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105

degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per

cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to

compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on soil

texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to

transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used

in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic

conductivity (Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate

the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when

the soil is saturated. They are based on soil

characteristics observed in the field, particularly

structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is

considered in the design of soil drainage systems and

septic tank absorption fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The

capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water. The most important

properties are the content of organic matter, soil

texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water

capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants

or crops to be grown and in the design and

management of irrigation systems. Available water

capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water

actually available to plants at any given time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased

from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the

volume change between the water content of the clod

at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and

oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the

table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume

change is influenced by the amount and type of clay

minerals in the soil.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrinkswell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low

if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3

percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9

percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the

linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and

swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and

other structures and to plant roots. Special design

commonly is needed.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 357

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In the

table, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained by returning crop residue to the soil.

Organic matter has a positive effect on available water

capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and

tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for

crops and soil organisms.

Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of several factors

used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and

the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.

Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by

water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to

group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and

those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible.

The groups are as follows:

1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine

sands.

2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine

sands, loamy very fine sands, ash material, and sapric

soil material.

3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams.

4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and

silty clay loams.

4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams,

and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent

clay.

5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy

clays, and hemic soil material.

6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay

loams that are less than 35 percent clay.

7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are

less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material.

8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion

because of coarse fragments on the surface or

because of surface wetness.

Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons

per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to

wind erosion. There is a close correlation between

wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the

size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments,

organic matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil

moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind

erosion.

Chemical Properties

The table “Chemical Properties of the Soils” shows

estimates of some chemical characteristics and

features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are

given for the layers of each soil in the survey area. The

estimates are based on field observations and on test

data for these and similar soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

extractable bases that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH

value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity

hold fewer cations and may require more frequent

applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cationexchange capacity. The ability to retain cations

reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of

carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less
358 Soil Survey of

than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant

nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in

the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and

ammonium-N volatilization.

Gypsum is expressed as a percent, by weight, of

hydrated calcium sulfates in the fraction of the soil less

than 20 millimeters in size. Gypsum is partially soluble

in water. Soils that have a high content of gypsum may

collapse if the gypsum is removed by percolating

water.

Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at

saturation. It is expressed as the electrical conductivity

of the saturation extract, in millimhos per centimeter at

25 degrees C. Estimates are based on field and

laboratory measurements at representative sites of

nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is

affected by the quality of the irrigation water and by the

frequency of water application. Hence, the salinity of

soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the

value given in the table. Salinity affects the suitability of

a soil for crop production, the stability of soil if used as

construction material, and the potential of the soil to

corrode metal and concrete.

Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is a measure of the

amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and

magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated

soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na concentration divided

by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg

concentration. Soils that have SAR values of 13 or

more may be characterized by an increased

dispersion of organic matter and clay particles,

reduced permeability and aeration, and a general

degradation of soil structure.

Water Features

The table “Water Features” gives estimates of

several important water features used in land use

planning that involves engineering considerations.

These features are described in the following

paragraphs.

Hydrologic soil groups are groups of soils that,

when saturated, have the same runoff potential under

similar storm and ground cover conditions. The soil

properties that affect the runoff potential are those that

influence the minimum rate of infiltration in a bare soil

after prolonged wetting and when the soil is not frozen.

These properties include the depth to a seasonal high

water table, the intake rate, permeability after

prolonged wetting, and the depth to a very slowly

permeable layer. The influences of ground cover and

slope are treated independently and are not taken into

account in hydrologic soil groups.

In the definitions of the hydrologic soil groups, the

infiltration rate is the rate at which water enters the soil

at the surface and is controlled by surface conditions.

The transmission rate is the rate at which water moves

through the soil and is controlled by properties of the

soil layers.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

chiefly of very deep, well drained to excessively

drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a

high rate of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have a moderately fine to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils

having a layer that impedes the downward movement

of water or soils that have a moderately fine or fine

texture. These soils have a slow rate of water

transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clayey soils that have a high shrinkswell potential, soils that have a permanent high water

table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near

the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly

impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate

of water transmission.

If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D,

B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the

second is for undrained areas.

Flooding, the temporary covering of the soil surface

by flowing water, is caused by overflow from streams

or by runoff from adjacent slopes (fig. 25). Shallow

water standing or flowing for short periods after rainfall

or snowmelt is not considered flooding. Standing water

in marshes and swamps or in closed depressions is

considered to be ponding.

The table gives the frequency and duration of

flooding and the time of year when flooding is most

likely to occur. Frequency, duration, and probable

dates of occurrence are estimated. Frequency

generally is expressed as none, rare, occasional, or

frequent. None means flooding is not probable; rare

that it is unlikely but is possible under unusual weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is nearly 0 percent

to 5 percent in any year); occasional that it occurs

infrequently under normal weather conditions (the

chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); and

frequent that it occurs often under normal weather
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 359

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50

percent in any year).

Duration is expressed as very brief (less than 2

days), brief (2 to 7 days), long (7 to 30 days), and very

long (more than 30 days). The time of year that

flooding is most likely to occur is expressed in months.

About two-thirds to three-fourths of all flooding occurs

during the stated period.

The information on flooding is based on evidence in

the soil profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt,

or clay deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in

organic matter content with increasing depth; and little

or no horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and level of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

High water table (seasonal) is a zone of saturation

at the highest average depth during the wettest

season. It is at least 6 inches thick, persists in the soil

for more than a few weeks, and is within 6 feet of the

surface. Indicated in the table are the depth to the

seasonal high water table, the kind of water table, and

the months of the year when the water table usually is

highest.

An apparent water table is indicated by the level at

which water stands in a freshly dug, unlined borehole

after adequate time for adjustments in the surrounding

soil.

A perched water table is one that is above an

unsaturated zone in the soil. The basis for determining

Figure 25.—Flooding along the Red River during spring snowmelt in an area of Fluvaquents-Haploborolls complex, 0 to 30 percent

slopes.
360 Soil Survey of

that a water table is perched may be general

knowledge of the area. The water table is proven to be

perched if the water level in a borehole is observed to

fall when the borehole is extended.

Two numbers in the column showing depth to the

water table indicate the normal range in depth to a

saturated zone. Depth is given to the nearest half foot.

The first numeral in the range indicates the highest

water level. “More than 6.0” indicates that the water

table is below a depth of 6 feet or that it is within a

depth of 6 feet for less than a month.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. Ponding duration is expressed as very

brief (less than 2 days), brief (2 to 7 days), long (7 to

30 days), and very long (more than 30 days).

Maximum ponding depth refers to the depth of the

water above the surface of the soil.

Soil Features

The table “Soil Features” gives estimates of several

important soil features used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations. These features

are described in the following paragraphs.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence

generally results from either desiccation and

shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both,

following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually,

usually over a period of several years. The table shows

the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a

result of drainage, and total subsidence, which results

from a combination of factors.

Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward

or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation

of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and other

rigid structures.

A low potential for frost action indicates that the soil

is rarely susceptible to the formation of ice lenses; a

moderate potential indicates that the soil is susceptible

to formation of ice lenses, resulting in frost heave and

the subsequent loss of soil strength; and a high

potential indicates that the soil is highly susceptible to

formation of ice lenses, resulting in frost heave and the

subsequent loss of soil strength.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate content,

texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil.

Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel in installations that

intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more

susceptible to corrosion than steel in installations that

are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil

layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.
Engineering Index Properties

 (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated.)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 20B: | | | | | | | | |  Chapett---------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | 8-19 |Sandy clay |CL, SC, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 19-30 |Fine sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 20C2: | | | | | | | | |  Chapett---------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | 9-21 |Sandy clay |CL, SC, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 21-33 |Fine sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 33-80 |Fine sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 20D2: | | | | | | | | |  Chapett---------| 0-12 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | 12-21 |Sandy clay |CL, SC, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 21-31 |Fine sandy |CL, SM, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 20E: | | | | | | | | |  Chapett---------| 0-4 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | 4-15 |Sandy clay |CL, SC, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 15-50 |Fine sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 50-80 |Fine sandy |CL, SM, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 38B: | | | | | | | | |  Waukon----------| 0-6 |Loam-----------|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 6-29 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 29-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-95  | | | | | | | | | 38C2: | | | | | | | | |  Waukon----------| 0-7 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 7-18 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 18-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-95  | | | | | | | | | 38D2: | | | | | | | | |  Waukon----------| 0-6 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 6-18 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 18-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-95  | | | | | | | | | 45B: | | | | | | | | |  Maddock---------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SC-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|50-80  | 10-80 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-10 | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 45C: | | | | | | | | |  Maddock---------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SC-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|50-80  | 10-80 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-10 | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 45E: | | | | | | | | |  Maddock---------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SC-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|50-80  | 10-80 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-10 | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 47: | | | | | | | | |  Colvin----------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 9-24 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 57A: | | | | | | | | |  Fargo-----------| 0-10 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 10-19 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 59: | | | | | | | | |  Grimstad--------| 0-16 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-10 | 16-31 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-90  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Sandy loam, |CL, SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|70-90  | | fine sandy | CL-ML, SC | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 65: | | | | | | | | |  Foxhome---------| 0-10 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 10-15 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|70-100|45-80  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | |  | 15-23 |Very gravelly |GP, SP-SM, |A-1 | 0 | 2-5 |50-75 |40-60 |20-50  | | sand, very | GP-GM, SP | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 23-80 |Loam, clay |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 1-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 66: | | | | | | | | |  Flaming---------| 0-12 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | 12-80 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | | | | |  Bearden---------| 0-8 |Silt loam------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 8-28 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 28-42 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 42-80 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 67B: | | | | | | | | |  Bearden---------| 0-7 |Silt loam------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 7-17 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-30 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 93A: | | | | | | | | |  Bearden---------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 10-18 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-26 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 111: | | | | | | | | |  Hangaard--------| 0-10 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-100|50-75  | 10-15 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0-3 |80-100|60-95 |35-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | 15-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-3 |70-95 |55-90 |30-60  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 184A: | | | | | | | | |  Hamerly---------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 9-20 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |80-95  | 20-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |80-95  | | | | | | | | | 185D2: | | | | | | | | |  Hattie----------| 0-8 |Clay-----------|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | 8-80 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 236: | | | | | | | | |  Vallers---------| 0-14 |Loam-----------|ML, OL |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-90  | 14-35 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 35-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | | | | | | | | 242B: | | | | | | | | |  Marquette-------| 0-8 |Loamy sand-----|SC-SM, SP-SM,|A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|50-75  | | | SM | | | | | |  | 8-18 |Very gravelly |GM, GC, SC, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-15 |45-85 |20-55 |10-45  | | fine sandy | SM | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Stratified fine|GP, GP-GM, SP|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0-10 |40-90 |15-90 | 0-65  | | sand to | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 242D: | | | | | | | | |  Marquette-------| 0-7 |Loamy sand-----|SC-SM, SP-SM,|A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|50-75  | | | SM | | | | | |  | 7-16 |Very gravelly |GC, SM, GM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-15 |45-85 |20-55 |10-45  | | fine sandy | SC | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 16-80 |Stratified fine|GP-GM, GP, SP|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0-10 |40-90 |15-90 | 0-65  | | sand to | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 258B: | | | | | | | | |  Sandberg--------| 0-19 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2 | 0-3 | 0-5 |85-100|50-95 |40-75  | 19-25 |Gravelly loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-95 |35-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 25-38 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-2, A-1, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | 38-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-2, A-1, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 258C: | | | | | | | | |  Sandberg--------| 0-10 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2 | 0-3 | 0-5 |85-100|50-95 |40-75  | 10-38 |Gravelly loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-95 |35-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 38-59 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | 59-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-2, A-1, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 258E: | | | | | | | | |  Sandberg--------| 0-9 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2 | 0-3 | 0-5 |85-100|50-95 |40-75  | 9-16 |Gravelly loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0-3 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-95 |35-70  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 16-41 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | 41-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-2, A-1, A-3| 0-3 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 296: | | | | | | | | |  Fram------------| 0-22 |Loam-----------|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|85-10 | 22-80 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|60-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 341B: | | | | | | | | |  Arvilla---------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-----|SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2, A-6, A-4| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80  | 8-16 |Sandy loam, |SC, SM, SC-SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|50-80  | | loam, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 16-80 |Gravelly coarse|GM, SP-SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |35-100|25-100|10-60  | | sand, coarse | GP-GM, SP | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 348: | | | | | | | | |  Borup-----------| 0-15 |Loam-----------|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 15-24 |Very fine sandy|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Loamy very fine|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | sand, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 372: | | | | | | | | |  Hamar-----------| 0-8 |Loamy fine sand|SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | 8-13 |Loamy fine |SC-SM, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-10 | | sand, loamy | SP-SM | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 13-80 |Fine sand, |SC-SM, SP-SM,|A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-10 | | loamy sand, | SM | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 387: | | | | | | | | |  Roliss----------| 0-15 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-10 | 15-20 |Loam, clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-90  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 20-47 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 |95-100|80-98 |80-95  | 47-80 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-95  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 412: | | | | | | | | |  Mavie-----------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-85  | 8-16 |Loam, fine |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 2-5 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | | sandy loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 16-30 |Very gravelly |GP-GM, SP, |A-1 | --- | 2-5 |30-65 |15-55 |10-30  | | coarse sand, | GP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | sand, very | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Loam, silt |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | --- | 1-5 |95-100|75-90 |70-85  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 422A: | | | | | | | | |  Bygland---------| 0-7 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 7-29 |Silty clay, |CL, CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 29-37 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Stratified |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam to silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 422B: | | | | | | | | |  Bygland---------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-22 |Silty clay, |CH, CL, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 22-32 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 32-80 |Stratified |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam to silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 422C2: | | | | | | | | |  Bygland---------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-20 |Silty clay, |CH, MH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 20-31 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Stratified |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam to silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 426: | | | | | | | | |  Foldahl---------| 0-12 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-85  | 12-30 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-85  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | 30-44 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 1-5 |95-100|75-95 |70-90  | 44-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 1-5 |95-100|75-95 |70-90  | | | | | | | | | 435: | | | | | | | | |  Syrene----------| 0-11 |Sandy loam-----|SC, SM, SC-SM|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-70  | 11-18 |Loam, sandy |ML, SM |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-75  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Stratified |SP, SP-SM |A-2, A-1, A-3| 0-3 | 2-5 |75-95 |55-80 |30-60  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand to | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 439: | | | | | | | | |  Strathcona------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85  | 10-17 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | |  | 17-30 |Sand, fine |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|60-80  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-98 |70-90  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 450: | | | | | | | | |  Rauville--------| 0-36 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, ML, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | | MH | | | | | |  | 36-80 |Silty clay |CL, CH, MH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | ML | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 481: | | | | | | | | |  Kratka----------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80  | 10-25 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | |  | 25-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | | | | | | | | | 494B: | | | | | | | | |  Darnen----------| 0-28 |Loam-----------|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | 28-38 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | 38-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|80-95  | | | | | | | | | 506: | | | | | | | | |  Overly----------| 0-18 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 18-46 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Stratified silt|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam to silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 540: | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----| 0-20 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 20-80 |Muck, mucky |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | | peat | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 543: | | | | | | | | |  Markey----------| 0-32 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 32-80 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |75-100|60-75  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 544: | | | | | | | | |  Cathro----------| 0-24 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 24-42 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 42-80 |Sandy loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-10 | | loam, clay | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 547: | | | | | | | | |  Deerwood--------| 0-14 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 14-35 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|50-75  | | loamy sand, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 35-80 |Fine sand, |SM, SP, SP-SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| --- | 0-5 |75-100|55-100|35-70  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 563: | | | | | | | | |  Northwood-------| 0-9 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 9-16 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | --- | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|51-85  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 16-31 |Coarse sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | --- | 0-3 |95-100|80-100|70-95  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 565: | | | | | | | | |  Eckvoll---------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|45-80  | 7-26 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|45-75  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | |  | 26-35 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-98 |65-95  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 35-80 |Loam, clay |CL |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-98 |70-95  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 573D: | | | | | | | | |  Serden----------| 0-3 |Fine sand------|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |65-85  | 3-80 |Fine sand, sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |65-85  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 582: | | | | | | | | |  Roliss----------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-10 | 9-14 |Loam, clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-90  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 14-20 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-95  | 20-80 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-95  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 641: | | | | | | | | |  Clearwater------| 0-12 |Clay-----------|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95  | 12-26 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-97  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 642: | | | | | | | | |  Clearwater------| 0-10 |Loam-----------|CL-ML, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |65-85  | | | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | 10-20 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 20-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-97  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 643: | | | | | | | | |  Huot------------| 0-14 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|50-85  | 14-26 |Loamy fine |SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|60-85  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 26-34 |Loamy fine |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|50-80  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 34-80 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 645: | | | | | | | | |  Espelie---------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|ML, CL, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-85  | | | SM | | | | | |  | 9-22 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-4, A-2| --- | 0-5 |85-100|60-100|30-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 22-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | --- | 1-3 |90-100|85-100|80-10 | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 647: | | | | | | | | |  Hilaire---------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|ML, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|50-85  | | | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | 10-16 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-4, A-2| 0 | 0-2 |85-100|75-100|45-85  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | 16-25 |Gravelly loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|65-100|30-70  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | 25-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 1-3 |95-100|85-100|75-95  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 650: | | | | | | | | |  Reiner----------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|55-85  | 9-20 |Clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0-3 |85-100|75-100|60-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 20-80 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|75-100|55-10 | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 651: | | | | | | | | |  Thiefriver------| 0-12 |Fine sandy loam|ML, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|70-90  | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | 12-23 |Loamy fine |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|60-90  | | sand, fine | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 23-32 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-100|50-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 32-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-3 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 667B: | | | | | | | | |  Fairdale--------| 0-9 |Silt loam------|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | 9-80 |Stratified very|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam to silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 667C2: | | | | | | | | |  Fairdale--------| 0-8 |Silt loam------|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | 8-80 |Stratified very|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam to silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 670: | | | | | | | | |  Knute-----------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SC, SM|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | 7-18 |Sandy clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-36 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, sandy | SM | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 36-80 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, sandy | SM | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 671: | | | | | | | | |  Onstad----------| 0-10 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | 10-17 |Fine sandy |CL, SM, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, sandy | SC | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 17-47 |Fine sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, sandy | SM | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, SM |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-95 |50-85  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 681: | | | | | | | | |  Brandsvold------| 0-10 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |65-85  | 10-19 |Sandy clay |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |70-85  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-36 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |65-85  | | loam, loam, | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 36-80 |Fine sandy |ML, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |65-85  | | loam, loam, | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 694D2: | | | | | | | | |  Zell------------| 0-7 |Silt loam------|CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 7-14 |Silt loam, very|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 14-80 |Silt loam, very|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 704: | | | | | | | | |  Wyrene----------| 0-21 |Sandy loam-----|ML, SC, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-90  | | | SC-SM | | | | | |  | 21-80 |Coarse sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| --- | 0-5 |60-90 |55-80 |30-70  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 707A: | | | | | | | | |  Lizzie----------| 0-14 |Silt loam------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|85-10 | 14-24 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|80-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 24-36 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|85-10 | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 36-80 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, SC-SM,|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|65-95  | | loam, silt | SM | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 712: | | | | | | | | |  Rosewood--------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|65-90  | 10-17 |Fine sandy |SC, SM, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 17-30 |Fine sand, sand|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |45-75  | 30-80 |Fine sand, |SP, SM, SP-SM|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |40-80  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 713: | | | | | | | | |  Linveldt--------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-100|55-90  | 9-16 |Sandy clay |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-6, A-4| 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-100|50-90  | | loam, loam, | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 16-29 |Loamy sand, |SC-SM, SM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-1 | 0-5 |65-100|55-100|30-80  | | sand, coarse | SP-SM | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 29-80 |Loam, clay |CL-ML, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|80-100|60-90  | | loam, fine | CL, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 718B: | | | | | | | | |  Naytahwaush-----| 0-7 |Loam-----------|CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 7-31 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 718C: | | | | | | | | |  Naytahwaush-----| 0-4 |Loam-----------|CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 4-8 |Loam, silt |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|65-90  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 8-18 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 718E: | | | | | | | | |  Naytahwaush-----| 0-3 |Loam-----------|CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 3-7 |Loam, silt |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|65-90  | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 7-14 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 14-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 733: | | | | | | | | |  Berner----------| 0-32 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 32-36 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC, SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|70-100|50-85  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 36-45 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP, SP-SM|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |90-100|70-100|60-80  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Loam, clay |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-90  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 735B: | | | | | | | | |  Halverson-------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0-1 | 100 |98-100|85-95  | 10-23 |Loamy fine |SC-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0-1 | 100 |95-100|80-95  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 23-35 |Fine sandy |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |70-85  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 35-55 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |65-85  | | loam, loam, | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |65-85  | | loam, loam, | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 735C: | | | | | | | | |  Halverson-------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0-1 | 100 |98-100|85-95  | 10-21 |Loamy fine |SC-SM, SM |A-2 | 0 | 0-1 | 100 |95-100|80-95  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 21-29 |Fine sandy |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |70-85  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 29-80 |Fine sandy |ML, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |65-85  | | loam, loam, | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 737: | | | | | | | | |  Mahkonce--------| 0-4 |Loam-----------|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |75-95  | 4-9 |Fine sandy |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |65-90  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 9-26 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |75-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 26-34 |Clay loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-98 |75-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | 34-60 |Loam, clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|90-98 |75-95  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 746: | | | | | | | | |  Haslie----------| 0-12 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 12-30 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 30-80 |Coprogenous |OL |A-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | earth, mucky | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 749: | | | | | | | | |  Colvin----------| 0-9 |Silt loam------|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 9-28 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 28-52 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 52-60 |Stratified fine|CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|90-100|80-95  | | sandy loam to | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 765: | | | | | | | | |  Smiley----------| 0-10 |Loam-----------|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|75-95  | 10-18 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 18-61 |Loam, fine |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | | sandy loam, | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 61-80 |Loam, fine |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | | sandy loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 767: | | | | | | | | |  Auganaush-------| 0-4 |Loam-----------|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |85-95  | 4-9 |Loam, fine |ML, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |75-90  | | sandy loam, | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 9-25 |Clay, clay |CH, CL, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |85-95  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 25-60 |Clay loam, |CH, ML, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |80-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 60-80 |Loam, clay |CL, ML |A-4, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-95 |60-90  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 791: | | | | | | | | |  Winterfield-----| 0-5 |Loamy fine sand|SC-SM, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|50-90  | 5-80 |Sand, gravelly |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|35-80  | | sand, loamy | | A-3 | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 827B: | | | | | | | | |  Heimdal---------| 0-14 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-1 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | 14-22 |Loam, fine |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-1 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | | sandy loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 22-33 |Fine sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-1 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 33-80 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 827B: | | | | | | | | |  Esmond----------| 0-8 |Loam-----------|ML |A-4 | --- | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-10 | 8-22 |Loam, sandy |CL, ML, SM, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, fine | SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 22-80 |Fine sandy |CL, ML, SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 827C2: | | | | | | | | |  Heimdal---------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-1 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | 9-30 |Loam, fine |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-1 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | | sandy loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Fine sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Esmond----------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|ML |A-4 | --- | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-10 | 9-18 |Loam, sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, fine | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 908: | | | | | | | | |  Bearden---------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 10-17 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-26 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Fargo-----------| 0-10 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 10-21 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 21-80 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 935: | | | | | | | | |  Hegne-----------| 0-9 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-15 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 15-24 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Fargo-----------| 0-10 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 10-19 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 967B: | | | | | | | | |  Waukon----------| 0-6 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 6-16 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 16-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-95  | | | | | | | | |  Langhei---------| 0-7 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 7-19 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 19-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 967C2: | | | | | | | | |  Waukon----------| 0-6 |Loam-----------|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 6-16 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 16-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-95  | | | | | | | | |  Langhei---------| 0-7 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 7-19 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 19-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | 979D2: | | | | | | | | |  Langhei---------| 0-7 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 7-19 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | 19-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | |  Waukon----------| 0-6 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 6-16 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 16-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, ML |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-95  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1006: | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----| 0-24 |Very fine sandy|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|75-10 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Stratified |ML, CL, SM, |A-3, A-1, | 0 | 0 |95-100|70-100|35-95  | | loamy sand to | SP | A-4, A-6 | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Haploborolls----| 0-19 |Clay loam------|CL |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 19-80 |Clay loam, silt|CL, SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-10 | | loam, sandy | CL-ML, SC | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1030: | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments----| 0-14 |Sand-----------|SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-90  | 14-60 |Sand, fine sand|SP, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-75  | 60-80 |Coarse sand, |SP, GP-GM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0 |75-100|65-85 |40-65  | | gravelly | SP-SM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1113: | | | | | | | | |  Haslie----------| 0-8 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 8-34 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 34-80 |Coprogenous |OL |A-5 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | | earth, mucky | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----| 0-30 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 30-80 |Mucky peat, |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | | muck | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Cathro----------| 0-34 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 34-80 |Sandy loam, |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|65-100|60-10 | | silt loam, | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1117: | | | | | | | | |  Hedman----------| 0-11 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |75-90  | 11-20 |Fine sandy |ML, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 20-80 |Loam, fine |ML, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |50-85  | | sandy loam, | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1119: | | | | | | | | |  Nielsville------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-28 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 28-45 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1121: | | | | | | | | |  Hedman----------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |75-90  | 9-15 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | ML, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 15-80 |Loam, fine |CL-ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |50-85  | | sandy loam, | ML, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1122: | | | | | | | | |  Nielsville------| 0-11 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-33 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 33-44 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-80 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Perella---------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 9-21 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 21-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1142: | | | | | | | | |  Hedman----------| 0-10 |Loam-----------|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |75-90  | 10-18 |Fine sandy |ML, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |50-85  | | loam, loam, | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Loam, fine |ML, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0-1 | 0-4 |95-100|85-98 |50-85  | | sandy loam, | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1142: | | | | | | | | |  Fram------------| 0-10 |Loam-----------|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|95-100|85-10 | 10-80 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|60-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1144: | | | | | | | | |  Strathcona------| 0-6 |Mucky fine |SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 6-19 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-29 |Sand, fine |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|60-80  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | |  | 29-80 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-98 |70-90  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Kratka----------| 0-14 |Mucky fine |OL, SP |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 14-34 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | |  | 34-80 |Loam, clay |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90  | | loam, sandy | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1152B: | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-4 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|45-70  | 4-10 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 10-20 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 20-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1152C: | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-5 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|45-70  | 5-10 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 10-18 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1152E: | | | | | | | | |  Sugarbush-------| 0-5 |Loamy sand-----|SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|45-70  | 5-12 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|40-70  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 12-18 |Sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|90-100|50-70  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Gravelly coarse|SP, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0-1 | 0-10 |55-85 |50-75 |30-55  | | sand, gravelly| | A-3 | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1233D: | | | | | | | | |  Esmond----------| 0-7 |Loam-----------|ML |A-4 | --- | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-10 | 7-80 |Fine sandy |CL, ML, SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Heimdal---------| 0-8 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-1 |95-100|85-95 |55-85  | 8-15 |Loam, fine |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-1 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | | sandy loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 15-30 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-1 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Fine sandy |ML, SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-95 |50-80  | | loam, loam, | SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1264: | | | | | | | | |  Ulen------------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-10 | 10-20 |Loamy fine |SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-95  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 20-36 |Fine sand------|SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-10 | 36-80 |Very fine sandy|ML, SC-SM, |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-95  | | loam, fine | CL-ML, SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1278: | | | | | | | | |  Rosewood--------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|65-90  | 10-17 |Fine sandy |SC, SM, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 17-30 |Fine sand, sand|SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |45-75  | 30-80 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |40-80  | | sand, coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Venlo-----------| 0-15 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-85  | 15-80 |Loamy fine |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-80  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1279: | | | | | | | | |  Vallers---------| 0-10 |Loam-----------|ML, OL |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-90  | 10-22 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 22-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | | | | | | | |  Hamerly---------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 9-22 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |80-95  | 22-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |80-95  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1280: | | | | | | | | |  Gunclub---------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-34 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 34-54 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 54-80 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1283: | | | | | | | | |  Reis------------| 0-17 |Clay-----------|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-99 |80-95  | 17-42 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-99 |80-97  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 42-60 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-99 |80-97  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 60-80 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-99 |80-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Clearwater------| 0-10 |Clay-----------|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95  | 10-27 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 27-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-97  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1297: | | | | | | | | |  Augsburg--------| 0-12 |Very fine sandy|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 12-25 |Loam, very fine|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 25-54 |Loamy very fine|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | sand, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 54-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1299: | | | | | | | | |  Borup-----------| 0-10 |Very fine sandy|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 10-22 |Very fine sandy|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 22-80 |Loamy very fine|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | sand, very | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1304A: | | | | | | | | |  Glyndon---------| 0-8 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 8-35 |Silt loam, very|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 35-80 |Loamy very fine|ML, CL, SC, |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | sand, very | SM | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1304B: | | | | | | | | |  Glyndon---------| 0-10 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 10-32 |Silt loam, very|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 32-80 |Loamy very fine|ML, SC, CL, |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | sand, very | SM | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | very fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1315A: | | | | | | | | |  Wheatville------| 0-9 |Very fine sandy|ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 9-31 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | very fine sand| | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1323B: | | | | | | | | |  LaDelle---------| 0-29 |Silt loam------|CL, ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 29-69 |Silt loam, |CL, MH, CH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | ML | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 69-80 |Stratified silt|CH, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam to clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1325: | | | | | | | | |  Bowstring-------| 0-65 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 65-80 |Stratified sand|SC-SM, SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |50-85  | | to fine sandy | SP-SM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----| 0-16 |Very fine sandy|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|75-10 | | loam | | | | | | |  | 16-80 |Stratified |ML, SM, CL, |A-1, A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|70-100|35-95  | | loamy sand to | SP | A-3, A-4 | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1356: | | | | | | | | |  Water, | | | | | | | | |  miscellaneous. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1422: | | | | | | | | |  Northwood-------| 0-14 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 14-29 |Marl-----------|MH, OH |A-5, A-8, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 29-35 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|80-100|70-95  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 35-80 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | | loam, fine | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1866: | | | | | | | | |  Colvin----------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 10-20 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 20-80 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1866: | | | | | | | | |  Perella---------| 0-16 |Silty clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 16-23 |Silt loam, |CH, CL, CL-ML|A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 23-80 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1871: | | | | | | | | |  Fargo-----------| 0-10 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 10-21 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 21-80 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1874: | | | | | | | | |  Radium----------| 0-14 |Loamy sand-----|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-70  | 14-32 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |75-100|65-95 |35-60  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 32-46 |Gravelly sand, |SM, GP, SP, |A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |55-85 |25-75 |15-40  | | gravelly | SP-SM | | | | | |  | | coarse sand, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Sand, coarse |SM, SP, SP-SM|A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |75-90 |75-90 |40-80  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1878: | | | | | | | | |  Hamre-----------| 0-10 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 10-16 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|80-100|70-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 16-80 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-3 |80-100|75-100|65-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1879: | | | | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----| 0-12 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 12-80 |Mucky peat, |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | | muck | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1882: | | | | | | | | |  Rosewood--------| 0-13 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SM, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85  | 13-18 |Fine sandy |SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85  | | loam, loamy | | | | | | |  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 18-80 |Fine sand, sand|SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |45-75  | | | | | | | | |  Strathcona------| 0-14 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SM, SC-SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85  | 14-26 |Loamy fine |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-80  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 26-36 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|60-80  | | fine sand, | | | | | | |  | | loamy fine | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 36-80 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|70-90  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Berner----------| 0-20 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 20-26 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC, SM|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|70-100|50-85  | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 26-40 |Sand, fine |SM, SP, SP-SM|A-1, A-3, A-2| 0 | 0 |90-100|70-100|60-80  | | sand, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | 40-80 |Loam, clay |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-90  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1916: | | | | | | | | |  Lindaas---------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-30 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 30-40 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 40-80 |Silt loam, very|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | | fine sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  __ ___ ___  | | | | | | | | | 1963: | | | | | | | | |  Bearden---------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 10-18 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-30 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Silt loam, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Colvin----------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 10-19 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 19-80 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1964: | | | | | | | | |  Colvin----------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 10-22 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 22-80 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Fargo-----------| 0-9 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-30 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 393

Physical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "Wind

 erodibility index" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

20B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett---------------| 0-8 | 10-20|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 8-19 | 18-28|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 19-30 | 10-18|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 30-80 | 10-18|1.65-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

20C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett---------------| 0-9 | 10-20|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 9-21 | 18-28|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 21-33 | 10-18|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 33-80 | 10-18|1.65-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

20D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett---------------| 0-12 | 10-20|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 12-21 | 18-28|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 21-31 | 10-18|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 31-80 | 10-18|1.65-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

20E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett---------------| 0-4 | 10-20|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 4-15 | 18-28|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 15-50 | 10-18|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 50-80 | 10-18|1.65-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

38B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------------| 0-6 | 12-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 6-29 | 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 29-80 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

38C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------------| 0-7 | 12-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-18 | 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 18-80 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

38D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------------| 0-6 | 12-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 6-18 | 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 18-80 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

45B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Maddock---------------| 0-10 | 2-10|1.20-1.40| 2-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-80 | 2-8 |1.30-1.50| 2-20 |0.05-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

45C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Maddock---------------| 0-10 | 2-10|1.20-1.40| 2-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-80 | 2-8 |1.30-1.50| 2-20 |0.05-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

45E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Maddock---------------| 0-10 | 2-10|1.20-1.40| 2-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-80 | 2-8 |1.30-1.50| 2-20 |0.05-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------------| 0-9 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-24 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 24-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
394 Soil Survey of

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------------| 0-10 | 40-60|1.10-1.30| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-10 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 10-19 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 19-80 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------------| 0-16 | 10-18|1.30-1.45| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 16-31 | 2-15|1.45-1.60| 6-20 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 31-80 | 10-30|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------------| 0-10 | 10-20|1.35-1.50| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 10-15 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 2-20 |0.09-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .24 | | |

 | 15-23 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 6-20 |0.02-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .05 | .15 | | |

 | 23-80 | 12-35|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Flaming---------------| 0-12 | 2-10|1.40-1.55| 6-20 |0.11-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 12-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6-20 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------------| 0-8 | 10-26|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 8-28 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 28-42 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 42-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.06-0.2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------------| 0-7 | 10-26|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-17 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 17-30 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 30-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.06-0.2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------------| 0-10 | 27-39|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-18 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 18-26 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 26-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.06-0.2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------------| 0-10 | 8-18|1.25-1.45| 2-6 |0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-8.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 10-15 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 6-20 |0.07-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 15-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6-40 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.20-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-20 | 18-30|1.20-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .32 | | |

 | 20-80 | 18-30|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

185D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hattie----------------| 0-8 | 40-60|1.30-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.16-0.22| 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 8-80 | 40-60|1.30-1.45| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------------| 0-14 | 18-27|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 14-35 | 18-35|1.40-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 35-80 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------------| 0-8 | 1-10|1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 8-18 | 5-18|1.50-1.70| 2-6 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .15 | .20 | | |

 | 18-80 | 1-5 |1.50-1.70| 20-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 395

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

242D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------------| 0-7 | 1-10|1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 7-16 | 5-18|1.50-1.70| 2-6 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .15 | .20 | | |

 | 16-80 | 1-5 |1.50-1.70| 20-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------------| 0-19 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .15 | .15 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 19-25 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | 25-38 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 20-20 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | 38-80 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 20-20 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

258C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------------| 0-10 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .15 | .15 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-38 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | 38-59 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 20-20 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | 59-80 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 20-20 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

258E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------------| 0-9 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .15 | .15 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 9-16 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6-20 |0.03-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | 16-41 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 20-20 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | 41-80 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 20-20 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

296: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fram------------------| 0-22 | 10-18|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-9.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 22-80 | 7-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

341B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Arvilla---------------| 0-8 | 6-18|1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.13-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 8-16 | 6-18|1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.11-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 16-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6-40 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

348: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------------| 0-15 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.20-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 15-24 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2-6 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 24-80 | 5-18|1.35-1.65| 2-20 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------------| 0-8 | 5-10|1.20-1.30| 2-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 8-13 | 0-7 |1.35-1.55| 2-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 13-80 | 0-7 |1.45-1.65| 2-20 |0.06-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------------| 0-15 | 18-27|1.10-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.17-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 15-20 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 20-47 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 47-80 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------------| 0-8 | 8-18|1.35-1.55| 2-6 |0.13-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 8-16 | 10-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 16-30 | 2-10|1.40-1.65| 6-20 |0.03-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | 30-80 | 18-35|1.40-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

422A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bygland---------------| 0-7 | 27-40|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 7-29 | 35-60|1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.6 |0.10-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 29-37 | 18-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 37-80 | 18-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
396 Soil Survey of

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

422B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bygland---------------| 0-9 | 27-40|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 9-22 | 35-60|1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.6 |0.10-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 22-32 | 18-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 32-80 | 18-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

422C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bygland---------------| 0-9 | 27-40|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 9-20 | 35-60|1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.6 |0.10-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 20-31 | 18-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 31-80 | 18-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------------| 0-12 | 4-9 |1.40-1.55| 6-20 |0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 12-30 | 2-10|1.45-1.60| 6-20 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 30-44 | 18-35|1.50-1.65| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 44-80 | 18-35|1.50-1.65| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Syrene----------------| 0-11 | 8-18|1.25-1.45| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-8.0 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 11-18 | 10-30|1.30-1.50| 2-6 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 18-80 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6-20 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------------| 0-10 | 12-18|1.25-1.45| 2-6 |0.14-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 10-17 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2-6 |0.14-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 17-30 | 2-8 |1.35-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | 30-80 | 15-30|1.40-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

450: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rauville--------------| 0-36 | 27-35|1.10-1.25| 0.2-2 |0.19-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 36-80 | 20-45|1.10-1.30| 0.2-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------------| 0-10 | 5-15|1.20-1.50| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 10-25 | 2-10|1.30-1.60| 6-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 25-80 | 10-35|1.50-1.80| 0.2-2 |0.11-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

494B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Darnen----------------| 0-28 | 18-27|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 28-38 | 18-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 38-60 | 18-30|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

506: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Overly----------------| 0-18 | 27-39|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 18-46 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 46-80 | 18-59|1.20-1.60| 0.06-0.6 |0.13-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----------| 0-20 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 2 | 134

 | 20-80 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------------| 0-32 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 55-85 | --- | --- | 4 | 2 | 134

 | 32-80 | 0-10|1.40-1.65| 6-20 |0.03-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------------| 0-24 | --- |0.28-0.45| 0.2-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 60-85 | --- | --- | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 24-42 | --- |0.15-0.30| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 60-85 | --- | --- | | |

 | 42-80 | 10-30|1.50-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-5.0 | .20 | .24 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 397

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------------| 0-14 | 0-0 |0.10-0.30| 0.6-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 50-90 | --- | --- | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 14-35 | 2-18|1.20-1.70| 2-20 |0.09-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-10 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 35-80 | 0-10|1.50-1.70| 6-20 |0.02-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------------| 0-9 | --- |0.18-0.25| 2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 50-85 | --- | --- | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 9-16 | 3-18|1.45-1.65| 2-20 |0.09-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 16-31 | 1-10|1.55-1.70| 6-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 31-80 | 7-30|1.40-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------------| 0-7 | 5-15|1.30-1.70| 6-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 7-26 | 2-10|1.30-1.70| 6-20 |0.06-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 26-35 | 18-35|1.40-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 35-80 | 16-32|1.30-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

573D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Serden----------------| 0-3 | 3-8 |1.30-1.50| 6-20 |0.06-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .15 | .15 | 5 | 1 | 250

 | 3-80 | 3-8 |1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.10-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-14 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 14-20 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 20-80 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------------| 0-12 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.13-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 12-26 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 26-80 | 35-60|1.20-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------------| 0-10 | 10-27|1.30-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 10-20 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 20-80 | 35-60|1.20-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Huot------------------| 0-14 | 5-15|1.50-1.60| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 14-26 | 8-15|1.55-1.65| 2-6 |0.09-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 26-34 | 3-8 |1.55-1.70| 6-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .20 | .20 | | |

 | 34-80 | 35-80|1.35-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Espelie---------------| 0-9 | 8-18|1.30-1.45| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 9-22 | 3-10|1.35-1.60| 2-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 22-80 | 35-60|1.35-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------------| 0-10 | 6-15|1.25-1.45| 6-20 |0.10-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .15 | .15 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-16 | 3-10|1.25-1.40| 6-20 |0.07-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 16-25 | 1-10|1.20-1.40| 6-20 |0.07-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .17 | | |

 | 25-80 | 35-60|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------------| 0-9 | 4-15|1.20-1.70| 2-6 |0.16-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .20 | .24 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 9-20 | 24-35|1.40-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 20-80 | 18-30|1.35-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
398 Soil Survey of

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------------| 0-12 | 8-18|1.30-1.45| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 12-23 | 8-18|1.25-1.40| 2-20 |0.09-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 23-32 | 2-10|1.25-1.40| 6-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 32-80 | 35-70|1.35-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

667B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fairdale--------------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-80 | 18-35|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

667C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fairdale--------------| 0-8 | 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 8-80 | 18-35|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

670: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Knute-----------------| 0-7 | 10-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 7-18 | 18-28|1.30-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 18-36 | 10-18|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 36-80 | 10-18|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

671: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Onstad----------------| 0-10 | 12-22|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 10-17 | 10-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 17-47 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 47-80 | 10-18|1.50-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

681: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Brandsvold------------| 0-10 | 10-20|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 10-19 | 18-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 19-36 | 10-18|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 36-80 | 10-18|1.55-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

694D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Zell------------------| 0-7 | 10-18|1.15-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.19-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-14 | 10-18|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 14-80 | 5-18|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

704: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wyrene----------------| 0-21 | 8-18|1.10-1.40| 2-6 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .20 | .20 | 4 | 3 | 86

 | 21-80 | 0-5 |1.30-1.60| 6-20 |0.02-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

707A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lizzie----------------| 0-14 | 18-22|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 14-24 | 18-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 24-36 | 8-20|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 36-80 | 3-16|1.30-1.65| 0.6-6 |0.08-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------------| 0-10 | 8-18|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 10-17 | 6-18|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 17-30 | 1-6 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.05-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 30-80 | 1-6 |1.40-1.65| 6-20 |0.02-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------------| 0-9 | 8-15|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 9-16 | 12-18|1.25-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 16-29 | 2-10|1.45-1.70| 6-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 29-80 | 16-30|1.35-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 399

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

718B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-----------| 0-7 | 10-20|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 7-31 | 35-60|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 31-80 | 22-35|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

718C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-----------| 0-4 | 10-20|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 4-8 | 8-15|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 8-18 | 35-60|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 18-80 | 22-35|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

718E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-----------| 0-3 | 10-20|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 3-7 | 8-15|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 7-14 | 35-60|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 14-80 | 22-35|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

733: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------------| 0-32 | --- |0.15-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.48| --- | 80-95 | --- | --- | 2 | 2 | 134

 | 32-36 | 5-15|1.45-1.65| 2-6 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .17 | .24 | | |

 | 36-45 | 0-5 |1.50-1.75| 6-20 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .15 | | |

 | 45-80 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

735B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Halverson-------------| 0-10 | 2-10|1.50-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-23 | 2-10|1.55-1.70| 6-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 23-35 | 18-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 35-55 | 10-18|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 55-80 | 10-18|1.65-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

735C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Halverson-------------| 0-10 | 2-10|1.50-1.60| 2-6 |0.08-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-21 | 2-10|1.55-1.70| 6-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 21-29 | 18-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 29-80 | 10-18|1.65-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

737: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mahkonce--------------| 0-4 | 22-35|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 4-9 | 16-26|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 9-26 | 35-60|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.13-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 26-34 | 30-45|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 34-60 | 25-35|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

746: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------------| 0-12 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.6-6 |0.35-0.48| --- | 60-90 | --- | --- | 1 | 2 | 134

 | 12-30 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.6-6 |0.35-0.48| --- | 60-90 | --- | --- | | |

 | 30-80 | 18-35|0.10-1.25| 0.06-0.6 |0.18-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 6.0-20 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

749: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------------| 0-9 | 20-32|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-28 | 18-32|1.20-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.18-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 28-52 | 18-32|1.20-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 52-60 | 15-35|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------------| 0-10 | 8-20|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 10-18 | 18-35|1.35-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 18-61 | 16-32|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 61-80 | 16-32|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
400 Soil Survey of

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

767: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Auganaush-------------| 0-4 | 12-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-8.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 4-9 | 5-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 9-25 | 35-60|1.25-1.50| 0.06-0.6 |0.10-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 25-60 | 30-45|1.30-1.55| 0.06-0.6 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 60-80 | 18-35|1.25-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

791: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Winterfield-----------| 0-5 | 0-15|0.90-1.50| 2-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 5-80 | 0-10|1.55-1.65| 6-20 |0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

827B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Heimdal---------------| 0-14 | 10-20|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 14-22 | 10-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 22-33 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 33-80 | 7-18|1.65-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Esmond----------------| 0-8 | 10-18|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 8-22 | 7-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 22-80 | 7-18|1.50-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

827C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Heimdal---------------| 0-9 | 10-20|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 9-30 | 10-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 30-80 | 7-18|1.65-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Esmond----------------| 0-9 | 10-18|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-18 | 7-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 18-80 | 7-18|1.50-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

908: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------------| 0-10 | 27-39|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-17 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 17-26 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 26-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.06-0.2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------------| 0-10 | 40-60|1.10-1.30| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-10 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 10-21 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 21-80 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------------| 0-9 | 40-60|1.20-1.35| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 9-15 | 40-60|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 15-24 | 40-60|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 24-80 | 40-60|1.25-1.55| 0-0.2 |0.08-0.14| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------------| 0-10 | 40-60|1.10-1.30| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-10 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 10-19 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 19-80 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

967B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------------| 0-6 | 12-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 6-16 | 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 16-80 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Langhei---------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-19 | 18-32|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 19-80 | 18-32|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 401

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

967C2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------------| 0-6 | 12-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 6-16 | 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 16-80 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Langhei---------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-19 | 18-32|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 19-80 | 18-32|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

979D2: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Langhei---------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.40-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-19 | 18-32|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 19-80 | 18-32|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------------| 0-6 | 12-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 6-16 | 18-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 16-80 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----------| 0-24 | 6-27|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-10 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 24-80 | 1-27|1.40-1.65| 0.6-20 |0.04-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .17 | .20 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----------| 0-19 | 20-35|1.24-1.32| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 19-80 | 15-30|1.24-1.32| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----------| 0-14 | 1-15|1.50-1.70| 2-20 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | 5 | 2 | 220

 | 14-60 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| 6-20 |0.05-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | 60-80 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| 20-20 |0.03-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.0 | .05 | .10 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------------| 0-8 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.6-6 |0.35-0.48| --- | 60-90 | --- | --- | 1 | 8 | ---

 | 8-34 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.6-6 |0.35-0.48| --- | 60-90 | --- | --- | | |

 | 34-80 | 18-35|0.10-1.25| 0.06-0.6 |0.18-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 6.0-20 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----------| 0-30 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 8 | ---

 | 30-80 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------------| 0-34 | 0-0 |0.28-0.45| 0.2-6 |0.45-0.55| --- | 60-85 | --- | --- | 2 | 8 | ---

 | 34-80 | 10-30|1.50-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.11-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-5.0 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1117: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman----------------| 0-11 | 12-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .24 | --- | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 11-20 | 10-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | --- | | |

 | 20-80 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1119: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nielsville------------| 0-9 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-28 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 28-45 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 45-80 | 40-70|1.40-1.55| 0.01-0.06 |0.09-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1121: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman----------------| 0-9 | 12-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-9.0 | .24 | --- | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-15 | 10-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-3.0 | .28 | --- | | |

 | 15-80 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
402 Soil Survey of

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1122: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nielsville------------| 0-11 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 11-33 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 33-44 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 44-80 | 40-70|1.40-1.55| 0.01-0.06 |0.09-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Perella---------------| 0-9 | 27-39|1.20-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.18-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 9-21 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 21-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1142: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman----------------| 0-10 | 12-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .24 | --- | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-18 | 10-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | --- | | |

 | 18-80 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fram------------------| 0-10 | 10-18|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-9.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-80 | 7-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | --- | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------------| 0-6 | 12-18|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.14-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 10-20 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 6-19 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2-6 |0.14-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 19-29 | 2-8 |1.35-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | 29-80 | 15-30|1.40-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------------| 0-14 | 5-15|1.20-1.50| 2-20 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-25 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 14-34 | 2-10|1.30-1.60| 6-20 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 34-80 | 10-35|1.50-1.80| 0.2-2 |0.11-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1152B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------------| 0-4 | 3-10|1.35-1.55| 6-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | 4 | 2 | 134

 | 4-10 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.09-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 10-20 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 20-80 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80| 20-40 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1152C: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------------| 0-5 | 3-10|1.35-1.55| 6-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | 4 | 2 | 134

 | 5-10 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.09-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 10-18 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 18-80 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80| 20-40 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1152E: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush-------------| 0-5 | 3-10|1.35-1.55| 6-20 |0.10-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | 4 | 2 | 134

 | 5-12 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6-20 |0.09-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 12-18 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.12-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 18-80 | 1-5 |1.60-1.80| 20-40 |0.02-0.06| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1233D: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Esmond----------------| 0-7 | 10-18|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 7-80 | 7-18|1.50-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Heimdal---------------| 0-8 | 10-20|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .24 | .24 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 8-15 | 10-18|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 15-30 | 10-18|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 30-80 | 7-18|1.65-1.80| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ulen------------------| 0-10 | 5-12|1.35-1.60| 6-20 |0.10-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-20 | 5-12|1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .17 | .17 | | |

 | 20-36 | 1-7 |1.50-1.70| 6-20 |0.06-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 36-80 | 10-18|1.20-1.50| 6-20 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 403

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1278: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------------| 0-10 | 8-18|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 10-17 | 6-18|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 17-30 | 1-6 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.05-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 30-80 | 1-6 |1.40-1.65| 6-20 |0.02-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Venlo-----------------| 0-15 | 5-10|1.20-1.30| 6-20 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 15-80 | 0-7 |1.40-1.70| 6-20 |0.05-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1279: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------------| 0-10 | 18-27|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-22 | 18-35|1.40-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 22-80 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.20-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-22 | 18-30|1.20-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .32 | | |

 | 22-80 | 18-30|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1280: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gunclub---------------| 0-9 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 9-34 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 34-54 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 54-80 | 40-70|1.35-1.55| 0-0.06 |0.09-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1283: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reis------------------| 0-17 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 17-42 | 40-70|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 42-60 | 40-70|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.13-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 60-80 | 40-70|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.14| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------------| 0-10 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.13-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 10-27 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 27-80 | 35-60|1.20-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------------| 0-12 | 10-20|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.20-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 12-25 | 5-18|1.30-1.50| 2-6 |0.20-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 25-54 | 5-18|1.40-1.60| 2-6 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 54-80 | 35-80|1.15-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.14| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------------| 0-10 | 10-20|1.30-1.50| 2-6 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 10-22 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2-6 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 22-80 | 5-18|1.35-1.65| 2-20 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------------| 0-8 | 15-20|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 8-35 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 35-80 | 5-18|1.35-1.65| 2-6 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------------| 0-10 | 15-20|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 10-32 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-6 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 32-80 | 5-18|1.35-1.65| 2-6 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wheatville------------| 0-9 | 5-18|1.30-1.50| 2-6 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 3 | 86

 | 9-31 | 5-18|1.35-1.55| 2-6 |0.15-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 31-80 | 35-80|1.15-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.14| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
404 Soil Survey of

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1323B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 LaDelle---------------| 0-29 | 20-27|1.15-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6 | 48

 | 29-69 | 25-35|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 69-80 | 25-50|1.30-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.12-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1325: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bowstring-------------| 0-65 | 0-5 |0.15-0.30| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 40-90 | --- | --- | 3 | 8 | ---

 | 65-80 | 1-12|1.40-1.60| 0.6-20 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-10 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----------| 0-16 | 6-27|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-10 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 5 | 56

 | 16-80 | 1-27|1.40-1.65| 0.6-20 |0.04-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .17 | .20 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1422: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------------| 0-14 | --- |0.18-0.25| 2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 50-85 | --- | --- | 3 | 2 | 134

 | 14-29 | 5-15|1.10-1.35| 0.06-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | --- | --- | | |

 | 29-35 | 1-10|1.55-1.60| 2-6 |0.06-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 | .15 | | |

 | 35-80 | 7-30|1.40-1.75| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1866: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------------| 0-10 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-20 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 20-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Perella---------------| 0-16 | 20-39|1.20-1.40| 0.2-2 |0.18-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 16-23 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.06-2 |0.15-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | | |

 | 23-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .28 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------------| 0-10 | 40-65|1.00-1.20| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 10-21 | 40-65|1.15-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 21-80 | 40-65|1.15-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Radium----------------| 0-14 | 1-8 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.06-0.12| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 14-32 | 1-8 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.03-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | 32-46 | 1-8 |1.55-1.75| 20-40 |0.02-0.05| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .17 | | |

 | 46-80 | 1-5 |1.55-1.75| 6-20 |0.03-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .17 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------------| 0-10 | --- |0.18-0.22| 0.2-2 |0.35-0.48| 0.0-2.9 | 85-95 | --- | --- | 5 | 2 | 134

 | 10-16 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-10 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 16-80 | 18-35|1.40-1.70| 0.2-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1879: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----------| 0-12 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 2 | 134

 | 12-80 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 25-99 | --- | --- | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------------| 0-13 | 8-18|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .24 | .24 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 13-18 | 6-18|1.20-1.40| 2-6 |0.11-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .24 | .24 | | |

 | 18-80 | 1-6 |1.45-1.65| 6-20 |0.05-0.08| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .20 | .24 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------------| 0-14 | 12-20|1.25-1.45| 2-6 |0.14-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-8.0 | .20 | .20 | 3 | 3 | 86

 | 14-26 | 2-8 |1.35-1.50| 6-20 |0.05-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | 26-36 | 2-8 |1.35-1.60| 6-20 |0.05-0.09| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .10 | .10 | | |

 | 36-80 | 15-30|1.40-1.60| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------------| 0-20 | --- |0.15-0.40| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.48| --- | 80-95 | --- | --- | 2 | 2 | 134

 | 20-26 | 5-15|1.45-1.65| 2-6 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-5.0 | .17 | .24 | | |

 | 26-40 | 0-5 |1.50-1.75| 6-20 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 | .15 | | |

 | 40-80 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.2-2 |0.14-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 | .37 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 405

Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind |Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______________|erodi-|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | | | |bility|bility

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T |group |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1916: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lindaas---------------| 0-9 | 27-34|1.05-1.30| 0.2-6 |0.18-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7 | 38

 | 9-30 | 40-50|1.20-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 9.0-25.0| 0.0-4.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 30-40 | 25-40|1.20-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.22| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 40-80 | 20-35|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.08-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------------| 0-10 | 27-39|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .37 | .37 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-18 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .37 | .37 | | |

 | 18-30 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | 30-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.06-0.2 |0.16-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 | .43 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------------| 0-10 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-19 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 19-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------------| 0-10 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4L | 86

 | 10-22 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 22-80 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.2-2 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------------| 0-9 | 40-60|1.10-1.30| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-10 | .32 | .32 | 5 | 4 | 86

 | 9-30 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 2.0-7.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | 30-80 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.17| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-5.0 | .32 | .32 | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
406 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties of the Soils

 (Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

20B: | | | | | | |

 Chapett--------------| 0-8 | 8.0-20 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-19 | 8.0-19 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 19-30 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 30-80 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-12 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

20C2: | | | | | | |

 Chapett--------------| 0-9 | 8.0-20 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-21 | 8.0-19 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 21-33 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 33-80 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-12 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

20D2: | | | | | | |

 Chapett--------------| 0-12 | 8.0-20 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 12-21 | 8.0-19 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 21-31 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 31-80 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-12 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

20E: | | | | | | |

 Chapett--------------| 0-4 | 8.0-20 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 4-15 | 8.0-19 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 15-50 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 50-80 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-12 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

38B: | | | | | | |

 Waukon---------------| 0-6 | 9.0-28 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 6-29 | 7.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 29-80 | 7.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

38C2: | | | | | | |

 Waukon---------------| 0-7 | 9.0-28 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-18 | 7.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 7.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

38D2: | | | | | | |

 Waukon---------------| 0-6 | 9.0-28 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 6-18 | 7.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 7.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

45B: | | | | | | |

 Maddock--------------| 0-10 | 3.0-10 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-3 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 10-80 | 1.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

45C: | | | | | | |

 Maddock--------------| 0-10 | 3.0-10 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-3 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 10-80 | 1.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

45E: | | | | | | |

 Maddock--------------| 0-10 | 3.0-10 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-3 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 10-80 | 1.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | |

 Colvin---------------| 0-9 | 25-40 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-2

 | 9-24 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-3

 | 24-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0-5 | 0 | 0-10

 | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 407

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | |

 Fargo----------------| 0-10 | 30-60 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 10-19 | 25-50 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 19-80 | 20-45 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | |

 Grimstad-------------| 0-16 | 10-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-31 | 2.0-12 | 7.4-9.0 | 5-20 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | 31-80 | 4.0-16 | 7.4-9.0 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | |

 Foxhome--------------| 0-10 | 10-24 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-15 | 6.0-18 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 15-23 | 2.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 23-80 | 6.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | |

 Flaming--------------| 0-12 | 4.0-13 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 12-80 | 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | |

 Bearden--------------| 0-8 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 8-28 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 28-42 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 42-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | |

 Bearden--------------| 0-7 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 7-17 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 17-30 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 30-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | |

 Bearden--------------| 0-10 | 15-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 10-18 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 18-26 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 26-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | |

 Hangaard-------------| 0-10 | 10-26 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-15 | 4.0-14 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 15-80 | 2.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | |

 Hamerly--------------| 0-9 | 15-30 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-20 | 8.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 20-80 | 7.0-19 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

185D2: | | | | | | |

 Hattie---------------| 0-8 | 28-58 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-80 | 24-52 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | |

 Vallers--------------| 0-14 | 20-32 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 14-35 | 10-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-35 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 35-80 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | |

 Marquette------------| 0-8 | 2.0-12 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-18 | 3.0-12 | 6.6-8.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
408 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

242D: | | | | | | |

 Marquette------------| 0-7 | 2.0-12 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-16 | 3.0-12 | 6.6-8.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-80 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | |

 Sandberg-------------| 0-19 | 2.0-12 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 19-25 | 1.0-6.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 25-38 | 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 38-80 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

258C: | | | | | | |

 Sandberg-------------| 0-10 | 2.0-12 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-38 | 1.0-6.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 38-59 | 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 59-80 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

258E: | | | | | | |

 Sandberg-------------| 0-9 | 2.0-12 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-16 | 1.0-6.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-41 | 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 41-80 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

296: | | | | | | |

 Fram-----------------| 0-22 | 14-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 22-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

341B: | | | | | | |

 Arvilla--------------| 0-8 | 5.0-20 | 6.1-8.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-16 | 5.0-15 | 6.6-8.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

348: | | | | | | |

 Borup----------------| 0-15 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | 0.0-4.0 | ---

 | 15-24 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | 0.0-4.0 | ---

 | 24-80 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | 2.0-4.0 | ---

 | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | |

 Hamar----------------| 0-8 | 7.0-12 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 8-13 | 3.0-9.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-1 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 13-80 | 3.0-9.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-2 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | |

 Roliss---------------| 0-15 | 15-28 | 6.6-8.4 | 5-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 15-20 | 10-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | 20-47 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-35 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | 47-80 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | |

 Mavie----------------| 0-8 | 10-22 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-16 | 6.0-20 | 7.9-8.4 | 15-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | 16-30 | 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | 30-80 | 9.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

422A: | | | | | | |

 Bygland--------------| 0-7 | 20-40 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-29 | 15-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 29-37 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0 | 0

 | 37-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 409

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

422B: | | | | | | |

 Bygland--------------| 0-9 | 20-40 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-22 | 15-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 22-32 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0 | 0

 | 32-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

422C2: | | | | | | |

 Bygland--------------| 0-9 | 20-40 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-20 | 15-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 20-31 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0 | 0

 | 31-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | |

 Foldahl--------------| 0-12 | 4.0-14 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 12-30 | 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 30-44 | 6.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 44-80 | 6.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | |

 Syrene---------------| 0-11 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 11-18 | 10-35 | 7.9-8.4 | 15-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 1.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | |

 Strathcona-----------| 0-10 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-17 | 5.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 17-30 | 2.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 30-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-45 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

450: | | | | | | |

 Rauville-------------| 0-36 | 25-31 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 1-2

 | 36-80 | 20-29 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 1-3

 | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | |

 Kratka---------------| 0-10 | 6.0-20 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-25 | 1.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 25-80 | 4.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

494B: | | | | | | |

 Darnen---------------| 0-28 | 15-30 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 28-38 | 10-20 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 38-60 | 10-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

506: | | | | | | |

 Overly---------------| 0-18 | 20-40 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-46 | 15-30 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-2 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 46-80 | 15-30 | 7.9-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville----------| 0-20 | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 20-80 | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | |

 Markey---------------| 0-32 | 110-170 | 4.5-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 32-80 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | |

 Cathro---------------| 0-24 | 120-170 | 4.5-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 24-42 | 120-170 | 4.5-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 42-80 | 5.0-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
410 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | |

 Deerwood-------------| 0-14 | 90-190 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-35 | 8.0-30 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 35-80 | 1.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | |

 Northwood------------| 0-9 | 100-170 | 5.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-16 | 5.0-15 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-31 | 1.0-10 | 5.6-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 31-80 | 5.0-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll--------------| 0-7 | 3.0-14 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-26 | 1.0-7.0 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 26-35 | 8.0-18 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 35-80 | 6.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

573D: | | | | | | |

 Serden---------------| 0-3 | 3.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 3-80 | 2.0-3.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-3 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | |

 Roliss---------------| 0-9 | 15-28 | 6.6-7.8 | 5-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-14 | 10-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-1 | 0 | 0

 | 14-20 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-35 | 0-1 | 0 | 0

 | 20-80 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0-1 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | |

 Clearwater-----------| 0-12 | 26-42 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 12-26 | 18-36 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 26-80 | 18-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | |

 Clearwater-----------| 0-10 | 8.0-24 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-20 | 18-36 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 20-80 | 18-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | |

 Huot-----------------| 0-14 | 5.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-26 | 5.0-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 26-34 | 2.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 34-80 | 20-75 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | |

 Espelie--------------| 0-9 | 8.0-18 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-22 | 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 22-80 | 16-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | |

 Hilaire--------------| 0-10 | 5.0-14 | 6.6-7.3 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-16 | 3.0-10 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-25 | 1.0-6.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 25-80 | 16-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | |

 Reiner---------------| 0-9 | 15-20 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 9-20 | 30-40 | 6.6-7.3 | 0-10 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 20-80 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 411

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver-----------| 0-12 | 8.0-17 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 12-23 | 4.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 23-32 | 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 32-80 | 24-50 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

667B: | | | | | | |

 Fairdale-------------| 0-9 | 15-30 | 7.4-7.8 | 3-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-35 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

667C2: | | | | | | |

 Fairdale-------------| 0-8 | 15-30 | 7.4-7.8 | 3-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-35 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

670: | | | | | | |

 Knute----------------| 0-7 | 8.0-18 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-18 | 8.0-19 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-36 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 36-80 | 4.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

671: | | | | | | |

 Onstad---------------| 0-10 | 9.0-18 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-17 | 9.0-13 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 17-47 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 47-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

681: | | | | | | |

 Brandsvold-----------| 0-10 | 7.0-15 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-19 | 9.0-13 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 19-36 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 36-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

694D2: | | | | | | |

 Zell-----------------| 0-7 | 15-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-5 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 7-14 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 14-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-1 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-3

 | | | | | | |

704: | | | | | | |

 Wyrene---------------| 0-21 | 18-30 | 6.6-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 21-80 | 0.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

707A: | | | | | | |

 Lizzie---------------| 0-14 | 9.0-23 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-24 | 8.0-22 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 24-36 | 6.0-13 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 36-80 | 2.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | |

 Rosewood-------------| 0-10 | 8.0-24 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-17 | 5.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 17-30 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 30-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | |

 Linveldt-------------| 0-9 | 8.0-16 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-16 | 8.0-16 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-29 | 2.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 29-80 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
412 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

718B: | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush----------| 0-7 | 15-28 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-31 | 15-26 | 5.6-7.3 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 31-80 | 9.0-22 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

718C: | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush----------| 0-4 | 15-28 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 4-8 | 6.0-18 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-18 | 15-26 | 5.6-7.3 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 9.0-22 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

718E: | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush----------| 0-3 | 15-28 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 3-7 | 6.0-18 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-14 | 15-26 | 5.6-7.3 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-80 | 9.0-22 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

733: | | | | | | |

 Berner---------------| 0-32 | 115-160 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 32-36 | 5.0-15 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 36-45 | 2.0-8.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 45-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

735B: | | | | | | |

 Halverson------------| 0-10 | 4.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-23 | 3.0-5.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 23-35 | 9.0-13 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 35-55 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 55-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

735C: | | | | | | |

 Halverson------------| 0-10 | 4.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-21 | 3.0-5.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 21-29 | 9.0-13 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 29-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

737: | | | | | | |

 Mahkonce-------------| 0-4 | 15-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 4-9 | 10-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-26 | 25-30 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 26-34 | 10-20 | 6.1-7.8 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 34-60 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

746: | | | | | | |

 Haslie---------------| 0-12 | 140-180 | 5.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-30 | 140-190 | 5.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 30-80 | 10-45 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-80 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

749: | | | | | | |

 Colvin---------------| 0-9 | 20-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-28 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 28-52 | 10-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 52-60 | 8.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | |

 Smiley---------------| 0-10 | 7.0-22 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-18 | 8.0-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-61 | 8.0-25 | 7.9-8.4 | 10-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 61-80 | 5.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 413

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

767: | | | | | | |

 Auganaush------------| 0-4 | 15-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 4-9 | 5.0-15 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-25 | 15-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 25-60 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 60-80 | 10-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

791: | | | | | | |

 Winterfield----------| 0-5 | 2.0-15 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 5-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

827B: | | | | | | |

 Heimdal--------------| 0-14 | 10-24 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-22 | 5.0-12 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 22-33 | 5.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 33-80 | 4.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Esmond---------------| 0-8 | 7.0-23 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-22 | 4.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 22-80 | 4.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

827C2: | | | | | | |

 Heimdal--------------| 0-9 | 10-24 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-30 | 5.0-12 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 30-80 | 4.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Esmond---------------| 0-9 | 7.0-23 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-18 | 4.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 4.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

908: | | | | | | |

 Bearden--------------| 0-10 | 15-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 10-17 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 17-26 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 26-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

 Fargo----------------| 0-10 | 30-60 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 10-21 | 25-50 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 21-80 | 20-45 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | |

 Hegne----------------| 0-9 | 26-44 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-15 | 18-36 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 15-24 | 18-32 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 24-80 | 18-32 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Fargo----------------| 0-10 | 30-60 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 10-19 | 25-50 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 19-80 | 20-45 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

967B: | | | | | | |

 Waukon---------------| 0-6 | 9.0-28 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 6-16 | 7.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-80 | 7.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Langhei--------------| 0-7 | 10-30 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-19 | 10-25 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 19-80 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
414 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

967C2: | | | | | | |

 Waukon---------------| 0-6 | 9.0-28 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 6-16 | 7.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-80 | 7.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Langhei--------------| 0-7 | 10-30 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-19 | 10-25 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 19-80 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

979D2: | | | | | | |

 Langhei--------------| 0-7 | 10-30 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-19 | 10-25 | 7.9-8.4 | 20-35 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 19-80 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Waukon---------------| 0-6 | 9.0-28 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 6-16 | 7.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-80 | 7.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents----------| 0-24 | 10-35 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 24-80 | 5.0-30 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls---------| 0-19 | 12-24 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 19-80 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments---------| 0-14 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-60 | 1.0-3.0 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 60-80 | 1.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | | |

 Haslie---------------| 0-8 | 140-180 | 5.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-34 | 140-190 | 5.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 34-80 | 10-45 | 7.4-8.4 | 60-80 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville----------| 0-30 | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 30-80 | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Cathro---------------| 0-34 | 150-230 | 4.5-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 34-80 | 2.0-20 | 5.6-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1117: | | | | | | |

 Hedman---------------| 0-11 | 14-25 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 11-20 | 6.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | 20-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1119: | | | | | | |

 Nielsville-----------| 0-9 | 25-40 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | 9-28 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-3

 | 28-45 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0-5 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-10

 | 45-80 | 25-50 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

1121: | | | | | | |

 Hedman---------------| 0-9 | 16-28 | 6.6-7.8 | 10-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-15 | 6.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | 15-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 415

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

1122: | | | | | | |

 Nielsville-----------| 0-11 | 25-40 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | 11-33 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-3

 | 33-44 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0-5 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-10

 | 44-80 | 25-50 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

 Perella--------------| 0-9 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0 | ---

 | 9-21 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0 | ---

 | 21-80 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | 0 | ---

 | | | | | | |

1142: | | | | | | |

 Hedman---------------| 0-10 | 14-25 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-18 | 6.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Fram-----------------| 0-10 | 14-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-80 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | |

 Strathcona-----------| 0-6 | 25-51 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 6-19 | 5.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 19-29 | 2.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 29-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-45 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Kratka---------------| 0-14 | 6.0-30 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-34 | 1.0-8.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 34-80 | 4.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1152B: | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush------------| 0-4 | 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 4-10 | 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-20 | 5.0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 20-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1152C: | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush------------| 0-5 | 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 5-10 | 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-18 | 5.0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1152E: | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush------------| 0-5 | 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 5-12 | 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 12-18 | 5.0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1233D: | | | | | | |

 Esmond---------------| 0-7 | 7.0-23 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 7-80 | 4.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Heimdal--------------| 0-8 | 10-24 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 8-15 | 5.0-12 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 15-30 | 5.0-12 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 30-80 | 4.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | |

 Ulen-----------------| 0-10 | 5.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 10-20 | 0.0-10 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 20-36 | 0.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 36-80 | 5.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
416 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

1278: | | | | | | |

 Rosewood-------------| 0-10 | 8.0-24 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-17 | 5.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 17-30 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 30-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Venlo----------------| 0-15 | 5.0-15 | 6.1-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 15-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 1-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1279: | | | | | | |

 Vallers--------------| 0-10 | 20-32 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 10-22 | 10-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-35 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 22-80 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Hamerly--------------| 0-9 | 15-30 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-22 | 8.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 22-80 | 7.0-19 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

1280: | | | | | | |

 Gunclub--------------| 0-9 | 25-40 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | 9-34 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-3

 | 34-54 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0-5 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-10

 | 54-80 | 25-50 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0-1 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

1283: | | | | | | |

 Reis-----------------| 0-17 | 26-42 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 17-42 | 18-45 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 42-60 | 18-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 60-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 3-15 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Clearwater-----------| 0-10 | 26-42 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-27 | 18-36 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 27-80 | 18-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | |

 Augsburg-------------| 0-12 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 12-25 | 1.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 25-40 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 25-54 | 1.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 30-35 | 0-3 | 2.0-4.0 | 0

 | 54-80 | 20-65 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | |

 Borup----------------| 0-10 | 8.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 10-22 | 6.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 22-80 | 3.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | |

 Glyndon--------------| 0-8 | 12-24 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 8-35 | 6.0-14 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-40 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 35-80 | 2.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | |

 Glyndon--------------| 0-10 | 12-24 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 10-32 | 6.0-14 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-40 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 32-80 | 2.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | |

 Wheatville-----------| 0-9 | 10-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 9-31 | 5.0-15 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 31-80 | 20-65 | 7.4-7.8 | 10-30 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 417

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

1323B: | | | | | | |

 LaDelle--------------| 0-29 | 20-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 29-69 | 20-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 4-15 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 69-80 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 4-15 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | | | | | | |

1325: | | | | | | |

 Bowstring------------| 0-65 | 80-190 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 65-80 | 10-40 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-25 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents----------| 0-16 | 10-35 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-80 | 5.0-30 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1356: | | | | | | |

 Water, miscellaneous.| | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1422: | | | | | | |

 Northwood------------| 0-14 | 140-180 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-29 | 5.0-10 | 7.4-8.4 | 40-90 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 29-35 | 2.0-7.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 35-80 | 4.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1866: | | | | | | |

 Colvin---------------| 0-10 | 25-40 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-2

 | 10-20 | 15-25 | 7.4-9.0 | 15-40 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-3

 | 20-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0-5 | 0 | 0-10

 | | | | | | |

 Perella--------------| 0-16 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0 | ---

 | 16-23 | --- | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0 | ---

 | 23-80 | --- | 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | 0 | ---

 | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | |

 Fargo----------------| 0-10 | 30-60 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-21 | 25-50 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 21-80 | 20-45 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | |

 Radium---------------| 0-14 | 3.0-12 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-32 | 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 2-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 32-46 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 46-80 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | |

 Hamre----------------| 0-10 | 160-200 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 10-16 | 16-28 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 16-80 | 10-22 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1879: | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville----------| 0-12 | 140-200 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 12-80 | 140-200 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | |

 Rosewood-------------| 0-13 | 8.0-24 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 13-18 | 5.0-15 | 7.9-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 18-80 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |

 Strathcona-----------| 0-14 | 15-35 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 14-26 | 2.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 26-36 | 2.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 36-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 20-45 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | | | | | | |
418 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium| Gypsum | Salinity | Sodium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-| | | adsorp-

 | |capacity | | ate | | | tion

 | | | | | | | ratio _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct | mmhos/cm | __ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | |

 Berner---------------| 0-20 | 115-160 | 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 20-26 | 5.0-15 | 6.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 26-40 | 2.0-8.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 40-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

1916: | | | | | | |

 Lindaas--------------| 0-9 | 20-35 | 6.6-7.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0

 | 9-30 | 20-40 | 6.6-7.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0-1

 | 30-40 | 10-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-5 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-2

 | 40-80 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-10 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | |

 Bearden--------------| 0-10 | 15-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | 0 | 0.0-4.0 | 0

 | 10-18 | 10-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 18-30 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-1

 | 30-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-3 | 0.0-4.0 | 0-2

 | | | | | | |

 Colvin---------------| 0-10 | 25-40 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-2

 | 10-19 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-3

 | 19-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0-5 | 0 | 0-10

 | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | |

 Colvin---------------| 0-10 | 25-40 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-2

 | 10-22 | 15-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 | 0-1 | 0 | 0-3

 | 22-80 | 10-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0-5 | 0 | 0-10

 | | | | | | |

 Fargo----------------| 0-9 | 30-60 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 9-30 | 25-50 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | 0 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | 30-80 | 20-45 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | 0.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 419

Water Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not

 a concern or that data were not estimated.)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

20B, 20C2, 20D2, | | | | | | | | |

 20E: | | | | | | | | |

 Chapett--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

38B, 38C2, 38D2: | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

45B, 45C, 45E: | | | | | | | | |

 Maddock---------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | | | |

 Flaming---------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

67A, 67B, 93A: | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

185D2: | | | | | | | | |

 Hattie----------| C |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

242B, 242D: | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

258B, 258C, 258E:| | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

296: | | | | | | | | |

 Fram------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-5.0 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

341B: | | | | | | | | |

 Arvilla---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

348: | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 1.0-1.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
420 Soil Survey of

Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Mar-Jul |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

422A, 422B, | | | | | | | | |

 422C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Bygland--------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | | | |

 Syrene----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

450: | | | | | | | | |

 Rauville--------| D |Frequent---|Long------| Mar-Oct | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

494B: | | | | | | | | |

 Darnen----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

506: | | | | | | | | |

 Overly----------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 3.0-5.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jul |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

573D: | | | | | | | | |

 Serden----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

641, 642: | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | | | |

 Huot------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 421

Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | | | |

 Espelie---------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

667B, 667C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Fairdale--------| B |Occasional |Brief-----| Mar-Jun | 3.0-5.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

670: | | | | | | | | |

 Knute-----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

671: | | | | | | | | |

 Onstad----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Mar-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

681: | | | | | | | | |

 Brandsvold------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

694D2: | | | | | | | | |

 Zell------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

704: | | | | | | | | |

 Wyrene----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

707A: | | | | | | | | |

 Lizzie----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

718B, 718C, 718E:| | | | | | | | |

 Naytahwaush-----| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

733: | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

735B, 735C: | | | | | | | | |

 Halverson-------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

737: | | | | | | | | |

 Mahkonce--------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Mar-May | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

746: | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jul |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

749: | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| C/D |Occasional |Brief-----| Mar-Jun | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

767: | | | | | | | | |

 Auganaush-------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
422 Soil Survey of

Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

791: | | | | | | | | |

 Winterfield-----| A/D |Occasional |Brief-----| Nov-May | 0.5-3.0 |Apparent---| Nov-May | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

827B, 827C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Heimdal---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Esmond----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

908: | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

967B, 967C2: | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Langhei---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

979D2: | | | | | | | | |

 Langhei---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Waukon----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| D |Frequent---|Long------| Mar-Oct | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Oct |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----| C |Rare-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1113: | | | | | | | | |

 Haslie----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Very long | 4.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1117: | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1119: | | | | | | | | |

 Nielsville------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1121: | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1122: | | | | | | | | |

 Nielsville------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Perella---------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 423

Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

1142: | | | | | | | | |

 Hedman----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fram------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-5.0 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Aug |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1152B, 1152C, | | | | | | | | |

 1152E: | | | | | | | | |

 Sugarbush------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1233D: | | | | | | | | |

 Esmond----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Heimdal---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | | | |

 Ulen------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1278: | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Venlo-----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Nov-Jul |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1279: | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1280: | | | | | | | | |

 Gunclub---------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-2.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1283: | | | | | | | | |

 Reis------------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1304A, 1304B: | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | | | |

 Wheatville------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1323B: | | | | | | | | |

 LaDelle---------| B |Occasional |Brief-----| Apr-Jun | 3.5-5.0 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1325: | | | | | | | | |

 Bowstring-------| A/D |Frequent---|Long------| Mar-Jun | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| D |Frequent---|Long------| Mar-Oct | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Oct |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1356: | | | | | | | | |

 Water, | | | | | | | | |

 miscellaneous. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |
424 Soil Survey of

Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding _____________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name |logic | Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

1422: | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1866: | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Perella---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Nov-Jul |Long------| 0.5

 | | | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | | | |

 Radium----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Oct | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1879: | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1916: | | | | | | | | |

 Lindaas---------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun |Long------| 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-4.0 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 425

Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry

 indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not

 estimated.)

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | | __ __

 | | | | |

20B: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

20C2: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

20D2: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

20E: | | | | |

 Chapett----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

38B: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

38C2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

38D2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

45B: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

45C: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

45E: | | | | |

 Maddock----------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

47: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

57A: | | | | |

 Fargo------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

59: | | | | |

 Grimstad---------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

65: | | | | |

 Foxhome----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

66: | | | | |

 Flaming----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

67B: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

93A: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

111: | | | | |

 Hangaard---------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |
426 Soil Survey of

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | | __ __

 | | | | |

184A: | | | | |

 Hamerly----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

185D2: | | | | |

 Hattie-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

236: | | | | |

 Vallers----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

242B: | | | | |

 Marquette--------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

242D: | | | | |

 Marquette--------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

258B: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

258C: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

258E: | | | | |

 Sandberg---------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

296: | | | | |

 Fram-------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

341B: | | | | |

 Arvilla----------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

348: | | | | |

 Borup------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

372: | | | | |

 Hamar------------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

387: | | | | |

 Roliss-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

412: | | | | |

 Mavie------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

422A: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

422B: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

422C2: | | | | |

 Bygland----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

426: | | | | |

 Foldahl----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

435: | | | | |

 Syrene-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

439: | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 427

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | | __ __

 | | | | |

450: | | | | |

 Rauville---------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

481: | | | | |

 Kratka-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

494B: | | | | |

 Darnen-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

506: | | | | |

 Overly-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

540: | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------| 0 | 50-55 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

543: | | | | |

 Markey-----------------| 0 | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

544: | | | | |

 Cathro-----------------| 0 | 19-22 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

547: | | | | |

 Deerwood---------------| 0 | 5-10 |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

563: | | | | |

 Northwood--------------| 0-3 | 8-10 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

565: | | | | |

 Eckvoll----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

573D: | | | | |

 Serden-----------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

582: | | | | |

 Roliss-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

641: | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

642: | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

643: | | | | |

 Huot-------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

645: | | | | |

 Espelie----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

647: | | | | |

 Hilaire----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

650: | | | | |

 Reiner-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

651: | | | | |

 Thiefriver-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

667B: | | | | |

 Fairdale---------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

667C2: | | | | |

 Fairdale---------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |
428 Soil Survey of

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | | __ __

 | | | | |

670: | | | | |

 Knute------------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

671: | | | | |

 Onstad-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

681: | | | | |

 Brandsvold-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

694D2: | | | | |

 Zell-------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

704: | | | | |

 Wyrene-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

707A: | | | | |

 Lizzie-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

712: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

713: | | | | |

 Linveldt---------------| 0 | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

718B: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

718C: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

718E: | | | | |

 Naytahwaush------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

733: | | | | |

 Berner-----------------| 0 | 19-22 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

735B: | | | | |

 Halverson--------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

735C: | | | | |

 Halverson--------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

737: | | | | |

 Mahkonce---------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

746: | | | | |

 Haslie-----------------| 0 | 0 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

749: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

765: | | | | |

 Smiley-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

767: | | | | |

 Auganaush--------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

791: | | | | |

 Winterfield------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 429

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | | __ __

 | | | | |

827B: | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

827C2: | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

908: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

935: | | | | |

 Hegne------------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

967B: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Langhei----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

967C2: | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Langhei----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

979D2: | | | | |

 Langhei----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Waukon-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

1006: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Haploborolls-----------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

1030: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udipsamments-----------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

1113: | | | | |

 Haslie-----------------| 0 | 30-45 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

 Cathro-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1117: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1119: | | | | |

 Nielsville-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1121: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |
430 Soil Survey of

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | | __ __

 | | | | |

1122: | | | | |

 Nielsville-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Perella----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1142: | | | | |

 Hedman-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Fram-------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1144: | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Kratka-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1152B: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

1152C: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

1152E: | | | | |

 Sugarbush--------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

1233D: | | | | |

 Esmond-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Heimdal----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1264: | | | | |

 Ulen-------------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | |

1278: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Venlo------------------| 0 | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1279: | | | | |

 Vallers----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Hamerly----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1280: | | | | |

 Gunclub----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1283: | | | | |

 Reis-------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Clearwater-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1297: | | | | |

 Augsburg---------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1299: | | | | |

 Borup------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1304A: | | | | |

 Glyndon----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1304B: | | | | |

 Glyndon----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 431

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | | __ __

 | | | | |

1315A: | | | | |

 Wheatville-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1323B: | | | | |

 LaDelle----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1325: | | | | |

 Bowstring--------------| 0-12 | 12-45 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1356: | | | | |

 Water, miscellaneous. | | | | |

 | | | | |

1422: | | | | |

 Northwood--------------| 0-3 | 6-10 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1866: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Perella----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1871: | | | | |

 Fargo------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1874: | | | | |

 Radium-----------------| 0 | --- |Low---------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | |

1878: | | | | |

 Hamre------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1879: | | | | |

 Seelyeville------------| 0 | 50-55 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1882: | | | | |

 Rosewood---------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Strathcona-------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Berner-----------------| 0 | 19-22 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | |

1916: | | | | |

 Lindaas----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1963: | | | | |

 Bearden----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

1964: | | | | |

 Colvin-----------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | |

 Fargo------------------| 0 | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________

433

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1998.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 19th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1998. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Minnesota Agricultural Statistics Service. 1991. Minnesota agricultural statistics.

Minnesota Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Agriculture, National

Agricultural Statistics Service.

Polk County Historical Society. 1976. Pioneers of the valley: Bicentennial history of Polk

County, Minnesota.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation

Service, Soil Survey Division Staff. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1996. Keys to soil taxonomy. 7th edition.

Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil

classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources

Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

References

435

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1

month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a characteristic

repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a

single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Beach deposits. Material, such as sand and gravel,

that is generally laid down parallel to an active or

relict shoreline of a postglacial or glacial lake.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Glossary
436 Soil Survey of

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clayey. In this survey, clayey textures include clay,

silty clay, and sandy clay.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material

has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and

extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60

percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 437

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the

living branches and their foliage.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian deposits. Earthy parent material accumulated

through wind action; commonly refers to sandy

material in dunes or to loess in blankets on the

surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.
438 Soil Survey of

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. Area cleared of flammable material to stop

or help control creeping or running fires. It also

serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Geomorphology. The science that treats the general

configuration of the earth’s surface; specifically,

the study of the classification, description, nature,

origin, and development of landforms and their

relationships to underlying structures, and the

history of geologic changes as recorded by these

surface features. The term is especially applied to

the genetic interpretation of landforms.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 439

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-chroma zones. In a soil profile, zones having

chroma of 3 or more. Typical in areas of iron

concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a
440 Soil Survey of

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron concentrations. High-chroma zones having a

high content of iron and manganese oxide

because of chemical oxidation and accumulation,

but having a clay content similar to that of the

adjacent matrix. A type of redoximorphic

concentration.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.

Kame moraine. An end moraine that contains

numerous kames. A group of kames along the

front of a stagnant glacier, commonly comprising

the slumped remnants of a formerly continuous

outwash plain built up over the foot of rapidly

wasting or stagnant ice.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Lake bed. The bottom of a lake; a lake basin.

Lake plain. A nearly level surface marking the floor of

an extinct lake filled by well sorted, generally fine

textured, stratified deposits, commonly containing

varves.

Lakeshore. A narrow strip of land in contact with or

bordering a lake; especially the beach of a lake.

Lake terrace. A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly

built, produced along a lake shore in front of a

scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when the

water level falls.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loamy. In this survey, loamy textures include loam,

sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, and silt

loam that contains more than 20 percent sand.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-chroma zones. In a soil profile, zones having

chroma of 2 or less. Typical in areas of iron

depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 441

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, and recessional.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is

a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.
442 Soil Survey of

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Pitted outwash plain. An outwash plain marked by

many irregular depressions, such as kettles,

shallow pits, and potholes, which formed by

melting of incorporated ice masses. Common in

Wisconsin and Minnesota.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 443

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil

does not contain excess exchangeable sodium.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandy. In this survey, sandy soils include coarse

sand, sand, fine sand, very fine sand, loamy

coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, and

loamy very fine sand and the gravelly analogs of

these textures.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly

parallel.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Silty. In this survey, silty textures include silt, silty clay

loam, silt loam (containing 20 percent or less

sand), and very fine sandy loam.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks,

prisms, and columns; and in swelling clayey soils,

where there is marked change in moisture content.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey, the slope classes are as follows:

Level .................................................... 0 to 1 percent

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 2 percent

0 to 3 percent

1 to 3 percent

Gently sloping ..................................... 1 to 4 percent

1 to 6 percent

2 to 6 percent

Undulating ........................................... 1 to 8 percent

2 to 8 percent

Sloping .............................................. 6 to 12 percent

6 to 15 percent

Rolling ............................................... 8 to 15 percent

Moderately steep .............................. 6 to 18 percent

6 to 20 percent

12 to 20 percent

Hilly ................................................... 6 to 30 percent

Steep ............................................... 12 to 30 percent

15 to 30 percent

20 to 40 percent
444 Soil Survey of

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit by

glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water

into the soil.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stagnation moraine. A body of drift released by the

melting of a glacier that ceased flowing.

Commonly (but not always) occurs near ice

margins; composed of till, ice-contact stratified

drift, and small areas of glacial lake sediment.

Typical landforms are knob-and-kettle topography,

locally including ice-walled lake plains.

Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a

soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain by

recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsidence. The potential decrease in surface

elevation as a result of the drainage of wet soils

that have organic layers or semifluid mineral

layers. Subsidence as a result of drainage is

attributed to (1) shrinkage from drying, (2)

consolidation because of the loss of ground-water

buoyancy, (3) compaction from tillage or

manipulation, (4) wind erosion, (5) burning, and

(6) biochemical oxidation.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Swale. A slight depression in the midst of generally

level land. A shallow depression in an undulating

ground moraine caused by uneven glacial

deposition.
Polk County, Minnesota—Part II 445

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift consisting of

clay, silt, sand, and boulders transported and

deposited by glacial ice.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by glacial till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by

mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.