# BART Exemption Modeling Report:

Georgia Power Company Plant Hammond

Prepared by:

Southern Company Services and ENSR Corporation for Georgia Power Company

September 2006September 2006 

### i 082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.doc 

# Contents

1.0 Introduction...................................

................................................... ................................................... ...... 1-1

1.1 Objectives .........................................

................................................... ............................................ 1-1

1.2 Location of source vs. relevant Class I Areas ......

................................................... ....................... 1-1

2.0 Source description and emissions data ..........

................................................... .................................. 2-1

2.1 Unit-specific source data..........................

................................................... .................................... 2-1

3.0 Modeling results...............................

................................................... ................................................... .. 3-1

Appendix A Delta-Deciview Values for The Top 20 Day s – For Each Year/Each Class I Area and for the Top 25 Days – Over Three Years......

................................................... ............A-1September 2006 

### ii 082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.doc 

# List of Tables

Table 2-1 Plant Hammond modeling emission parameters .........

................................................... ........ 2-3

Table 3-1 Summary of Results – Plant Hammond Refin ed BART Exemption Modeling ...................... 3-1



# List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Location of PSD Class I Areas in relation to Plant Hammond............................................ .... 1-2September 2006 1-1 082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.doc 

# 1.0 Introduction

1.1 Objectives

The Regional Haze Rule requires Best Available Retr ofit Technology (BART) for any BART-eligible source that ‘‘emits any air pollutant which may reasonably be a nticipated to cause or contribute to any impairment of visibility” in any mandatory Class I federal area. Pursuant to federal regulations, states have the o ption of exempting a BART-eligible source from the BART requ irements based on dispersion modeling demonstrating that the source cannot reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute to visibility impairment in a Class I area. In addition, the Environmental Protection Ag ency (EPA) has promulgated a rule allowing states s ubject to the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) to determin e that CAIR satisfies the BART requirements for SO 2 

### and NO x 

### for electric generating units (EGUs). Feedback fr om the Georgia Environmental Protection Division indicates that CAIR satisfies BART for SO 2 

### and NO x 

### for EGUs. Therefore, this modeling report focuses on performing the BART modeling analysis for particula te matter (PM) only.

Unit 4 at Plant Hammond, located near Rome, which i s owned and operated by Georgia Power Company, has been identified as a BART-eligible source. The mod eling procedures outlined in the source-specific BA RT modeling protocol for Plant Hammond were used to de termine whether the source is subject to BART requirements (exemption modeling). The modeling pr ocedures are consistent with those outlined in the updated final VISTAS common BART modeling protocol (dated December 22, 2005, revision 3 – July 18, 2006), available at http://www.vistas-sesarm.org/BART/BARTModelingProto col_rev3_18Jul2006.pdf . This source-specific BART modeling protocol references r elevant portions of the common VISTAS modeling protocol.



## 1.2 Location of source vs. relevant Class I Areas

The Georgia Environmental Protection Division, whic h is in charge of the state’s BART program, has determined that Unit 4 at Plant Hammond is BART-eli gible for PM. Figure 1-1 shows a plot of Plant Ham mond relative to nearby Class I Areas. There are five C lass I areas within 300 km of the plant: Cohutta (9 3.7 km), Great Smoky Mountains (187.5 km), Joyce Kilmer (174 .8 km), Shining Rock (252.4 km), and Sipsey (183.3 km). The BART exemption modeling was conducted for these Class I areas in accordance with the referen ced VISTAS common BART modeling protocol and the proced ures described in the source-specific BART modeling protocol.September 2006 1-2 082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.doc 

### Figure 1-1 Location of Class I Areas in Relation to Plant HammondSeptember 2006 2-1 082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.doc 

# 2.0 Source description and emissions data

2.1 Unit-specific source data

The emissions data used to assess the visibility im pacts at the Class I areas within 300 km of Plant H ammond are discussed in this section. The Georgia Environ mental Protection Division has indicated that CAIR will satisfy BART for EGUs for SO 2 

### and NO x 

### . Therefore, this BART exemption modeling analysis focuses only on PM 10 

### . Since various components of PM 10 

### emissions have different visibility extinction eff iciencies, the PM 10 

### emissions are divided, or “speciated,” into several components (VISTAS common protocol Sections 4.3.3 and 4.4.2). The VISTAS protocol (Section 5) allows for the use of source-specific emissions and speciatio n factors and/or default values from AP-42. The PM 10 

### emissions and speciation approach that were used f or the modeling is indicated below. Where default speciat ion values are used, the data represents a unit whe re current (baseline) emission controls include electr ostatic precipitators (ESPs) and selective catalyti c reduction (SCR) systems, but no post-combustion SO 2 

### control equipment exists.

• Total PM 10 

### is comprised of filterable and condensable emissio ns.

• Baseline filterable PM 10 

### emissions are based on the highest stack test for t he most recent 3-year period (2003-2005). This stack test is combined wi th the highest 24 hour heat input value for this period from CEMS data to calculate the “maximum 24 hour average emission rate” as required by the VISTAS protocol.

• Filterable PM 10 

### has been subdivided by size category consistent wi th the default approach from AP-42 Table 1-1.6, and as noted on pages 43 and 44 of the VISTAS common BART modeling protocol. The AP-42 Table 1-1.6 specifies for the emission contro ls indicated above that 55.6% of filterable PM 10 

### emissions is coarse (greater than 2.5 microns in si ze) and 44.4% is fine. Of the fine portion, 3.7% i s elemental carbon and the remainder is inorganic fin e particulates (soil).

• Condensable PM 10 

### consists of inorganic and organic compounds. The inorganic portion is by default assumed to be H 2 

### SO 4 

### , although other non-sulfate inorganic condensables could be present. The organic portion is modeled as organic aerosols.

• Baseline H 2 

### SO 4 

### emissions are calculated consistent with the metho d used by Georgia Power to derive these emissions for TRI purposes. This approach as sumes that the H 2 

### SO 4 

### emissions released from the stack are proportional to SO 2 

### emissions from combustion and are dependent on the fuel type and the removal of H 2 

### SO 4 

### by downstream equipment (i.e., ESP and air heater) . For eastern bituminous coal the baseline H 2 

### SO 4 

### release rate is in the range of 0.3 to 0.8% of the SO 2 

### emissions. Appendix A of the site-specific modeling protocol provides the basis for the site-specific values used.

• Baseline emissions of condensable organics (the rem aining portion of condensable PM 10 

### ) are derived based on the supporting field observational informa tion in Appendix B of the site-specific modeling protocol and is estimated as 0.32% of SO 2 

### emitted.

• Coarse filterable particles (between 2.5 and 10 mic rons in size) will be modeled with a geometric mass mean diameter of 5 microns, while fine filterable a nd all condensable particles will be modeled with a geometric mass mean diameter of 0.48 microns, consi stent with the CALPUFF default value for fine particles. The geometric standard deviation for bo th fine and coarse particles will be set to 2 micro ns, consistent with the CALPUFF default value. The 0.48 micron diameter value for fine particles comes from the default values in sample input files prese nted on the TRC web site. There is no default value presented for the coarse particles on the TRC web site. However, since 5 is the geometric mass mean diameter of 2.5 and 10 (the bounds of coa rse particle sizes), it is a reasonable estimate for the geometric mass mean diameter for that class of particles.

In practice, CALPUFF allows for the user to input c ertain components of PM 10 

### as separate species and separate sizes, which will result in more accurate wet and dry deposition velocity results and also mo reSeptember 2006 2-2 082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.doc 

### accurate effects on light scattering. As noted abo ve, the particle size distribution information is p rovided in AP-42 Table 1-1.6, and will be used for the BART ex emption modeling.

Table 2-1 provides a summary of the modeling emissi on parameters used in the BART CALPUFF modeling, consistent with the source emissions data presented in Appendices A and B of the site-specific modelin g protocol for the baseline. All of the emissions in Table 2-1 were derived from CEMS data for the 2003 to 2005 period and represent the maximum 24-hour average lb /hr rates (excluding days where startup, shutdown, or malfunctions occurred). For NO x 

### and SO 2 

### the values are directly from CEMS. Filterable PM 10 

### emissions were calculated using the highest stack test over the 20 03 to 2005 period and multiplying these values time s the maximum 24-hour average heat input derived from CEM S. These values were then adjusted using AP-42 factors from Table 1.1-6 that indicate that PM 10 

### is 67% of total PM for a pulverized coal unit with an ESP. PM 10 

### speciation was then performed as indicated above su ch that total Filterable PM 10 

### is made up of Coarse Soil plus total Fine PM and total Fine PM is made up of Fine Soil plus Elemental Carbon (EC). Since these units include SCRs, a consistent set of seasonal emission s data was developed representing periods with and without SCR operation. For these the maximum 24-ho ur average rates were extracted from the seasonal (May - September) and non-seasonal (October - April ) CEMS data.September 20062-3082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.docTable 2-1 Plant Hammond modeling emission parametersLocation UTM(Zone 16 NAD-83)Emissions1Particle Speciation2CaseSource/ UnitUTMEastUTMNorthActualStack HtBaseElev.FlueDiameterGasExitVel.StackGasExitTemp.SO2NOXPM10Filt.PM10CoarseSoilFinePMFine SoilECCond.PM10H2SO4Organicm m m m m m/s deg K lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hrlbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hrlbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hrBaseline Data - Current Configuration (Unit Basis)Baseline NS Unit 4 652,337 3,791,483 228.6 180.8 6.725.3429.7 12974.20 2380.77 165.80 62.84 168.25 27.90 26.87 1.03102.9661.44 41.52S Unit 4 652,337 3,791,483 228.6 180.8 6.725.3429.7 11494.45 604.45 186.88 64.11 35.64 28.46 27.41 1.05122.7885.99 36.78Baseline Data - Current Configuration (Stack Basis)ModeledStk Ht3Eq.Dia.m m m m m m/s deg K lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hrlbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hrStack 1 NS Unit 4 652,337 3,791,483 161.8 180.8 9.321.5 426.3 12974.20 2380.77 165.80 62.84 168.25 27.90 26.87 1.03102.9661.44 41.52S Unit 4 652,337 3,791,483 161.8 180.8 9.3 21.5 426.3 11494.45 604.45 186.88 64.11 35.64 28.46 27.411.05122.7885.99 36.78Stack Basis Emissions Converted to g/sec g/sec g/sec g/sec g/sec g/sec g/sec g/secg/secg/secg/sec g/secStack 1 NS Unit 4 652,337 3,791,483 161.8 180.8 9.321.5 426.3 1634.75 299.98 20.89 7.92 4.40 3.52 3.39 0.13 12.97 7.74 5.23S Unit 4 652,337 3,791,483 161.8 180.8 9.3 21.5 426.3 1448.30 76.16 23.55 8.08 4.49 3.59 3.45 0.13 15.47 10.84 4.63NS = Non-Seasonal Rates (Oct - Apr) S= Seasonal Rates (May - Oct)1SO2and NOxemissions are not BART-applicable for EGU sourcesin CAIR states, if the state agency agrees with EPA’s interpretation of the BART final rule. Theemissions for SO2and NOxare provided for information purposes, and for reference in the computation of certain particle species such as H2SO4.2Elemental carbon (EC) and Fine PM are a part of Filterable PM10and H2SO4and Organics are a part of Condensable PM10. Note that H2SO4is input to CALPUFF asSO4. The molecular weights of H2SO4and SO4are 98 and 96 respectively, therefore the conversion factor from H2SO4to SO4is 96/98.3Stack credit is equal to GEP. GEP 433 ft (132.0 m) is less than actual height therefore GEP height based on 2.5 Rule is used for modeling.September 2006 3-1 082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.doc 

# 3.0 Modeling results

The exemption modeling results are provided in Tabl e 3-1, and Appendix A lists delta-deciview results for the top 20 days for each year modeled and the top 25 da ys for the overall three years at each Class I area . The table indicates that both the 8 th 

### highest day’s impacts for each year and the 22 nd 

### highest day’s impacts over all three years are below 0.5 delta-dv. These results demonstrate that Plant Hammond’s PM 10 

### emissions do not cause or contribute to visibility impairment. Ther efore, the source is not subject to BART for PM 10 

### , and no further BART analysis is required.

Electronic data related to this application are pro vided on the attached disk. They include all input (INP) and list (LST) files.September 2006 3-1 082506 Hammond BART Modeling Protocol.doc 

### Table 3-1 Summary of Results – Plant Hammond Refine d BART Exemption Modeling

2001 2002 2003

Class I area Distance

from source

to Class I

area boundary # of days and

receptors beyond 98 th

percentile with impact > 0.5

delta-dv 8 th

Highest

delta-dv # of days and

receptors beyond 98 th

percentile with impact > 0.5

delta-dv 8 th

Highest

delta-dv # of days and

receptors beyond 98 th

percentile with impact > 0.5

delta-dv 8 th

Highest

delta-dv Highest of

8 th Highest

delta-dv

for the 3-

years 22 nd

Highest

delta-dv

over 3-

year period

km Days Rec delta-dv Days Rec delta-dv Days Rec de lta-dv delta-dv delta-dv

Cohutta 93.7 0 0 0.23 0 0 0.22 0 0 0.29 0.29 0.24

Great Smoky Mountains 187.5 0 0 0.07 0 0 0.07 0 0 0.08 0.08 0.07

Joyce Kilmer 174.8 0 0 0.08 0 0 0.06 0 0 0.09 0.09 0.08

Shining Rock 252.4 0 0 0.05 0 0 0.03 0 0 0.05 0.05 0.05

Sipsey 183.3 0 0 0.05 0 0 0.06 0 0 0.04 0.06 0.05

# Appendix A

Delta-Deciview Values for the Top 20 Days – for Eac h Year/Each Class I Area and for the Top 25 Days – Over Three Y ears

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Cohutta (Top 20 Days for Each Year)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2001 185 16 8.047 7.599 0.448 4 87.17 0 9.22 0.65 1 .25 1.72 1 2001 143 58 7.953 7.599 0.354 3.4 85.28 0 10.61 0.7 4 1.39 1.98 2 2001 279 1 7.95 7.599 0.351 3.8 80.84 0 14.23 0.88 1.74 2.31 3 2001 39 3 7.88 7.599 0.281 3.1 77.6 0 16.75 1.04 1. 89 2.71 4 2001 186 35 7.862 7.599 0.263 4 87.1 0 9.21 0.65 1. 32 1.72 5 2001 209 1 7.842 7.599 0.243 4 87.3 0 9.24 0.65 1.0 9 1.72 6 2001 102 3 7.834 7.599 0.236 2.8 75.67 0 18.08 1.12 2.2 2.93 7 2001 142 35 7.833 7.599 0.234 3.4 85.29 0 10.62 0.7 5 1.37 1.98 8 2001 156 16 7.819 7.599 0.22 3.8 86.58 0 9.64 0.68 1.3 1.8 9 2001 126 8 7.806 7.599 0.207 3.4 85.26 0 10.61 0.74 1.41 1.98 10 2001 230 3 7.801 7.599 0.203 4.2 87.69 0 8.84 0.62 1.21 1.65 11 2001 342 115 7.781 7.599 0.183 3.5 79.72 0 15.24 0. 95 1.63 2.47 12 2001 148 25 7.779 7.599 0.18 3.4 85.18 0 10.6 0.74 1.5 1.97 13 2001 335 8 7.769 7.599 0.17 3.4 79.16 0 15.58 0.97 1.77 2.52 14 2001 211 3 7.767 7.599 0.168 4 87.14 0 9.22 0.65 1. 28 1.72 15 2001 157 3 7.762 7.599 0.164 3.8 86.6 0 9.64 0.68 1 .28 1.8 16 2001 298 115 7.761 7.599 0.162 3.8 80.98 0 14.26 0. 89 1.56 2.31 17 2001 47 2 7.755 7.599 0.156 3.1 77.55 0 16.74 1.04 1.96 2.71 18 2001 46 8 7.755 7.599 0.156 3.1 77.51 0 16.73 1.04 2.02 2.71 19 2001 183 9 7.749 7.599 0.15 4 87.36 0 9.24 0.65 1.0 3 1.72 20

2002 84 3 7.91 7.599 0.311 3 76.94 0 17.16 1.07 2.0 6 2.78 1 2002 165 1 7.899 7.599 0.3 3.8 86.63 0 9.65 0.68 1. 25 1.8 2 2002 210 1 7.891 7.599 0.292 4 87.36 0 9.24 0.65 1. 03 1.72 3 2002 209 3 7.864 7.599 0.266 4 87.29 0 9.23 0.65 1. 11 1.72 4 2002 147 3 7.842 7.599 0.244 3.4 85.32 0 10.62 0.75 1.33 1.98 5 2002 129 3 7.84 7.599 0.241 3.4 85.47 0 10.64 0.75 1.16 1.98 6 2002 134 3 7.825 7.599 0.226 3.4 85.41 0 10.63 0.75 1.23 1.98 7 2002 66 16 7.822 7.599 0.224 3 76.98 0 17.17 1.07 2 2.78 8 2002 146 25 7.821 7.599 0.222 3.4 85.37 0 10.62 0.7 5 1.28 1.98 9 2002 35 220 7.807 7.599 0.208 3.1 77.57 0 16.74 1.0 4 1.94 2.71 10 2002 208 8 7.79 7.599 0.191 4 87.16 0 9.22 0.65 1.2 6 1.72 11 2002 224 219 7.77 7.599 0.171 4.2 87.69 0 8.84 0.62 1.21 1.65 12 2002 128 9 7.767 7.599 0.168 3.4 85.63 0 10.66 0.75 0.98 1.99 13 2002 6 3 7.761 7.599 0.162 3.3 78.61 0 15.94 0.99 1 .88 2.58 14 2002 192 3 7.754 7.599 0.155 4 87.11 0 9.21 0.65 1. 31 1.72 15 2002 178 25 7.741 7.599 0.142 3.8 86.61 0 9.64 0.68 1.28 1.8 16 2002 280 115 7.739 7.599 0.141 3.8 81.11 0 14.28 0. 89 1.41 2.31 17 2002 179 2 7.739 7.599 0.141 3.8 86.76 0 9.66 0.68 1.1 1.8 18 2002 77 1 7.732 7.599 0.134 3 77.21 0 17.22 1.07 1. 71 2.79 19 2002 18 1 7.726 7.599 0.127 3.3 78.55 0 15.93 0.99 1.95 2.58 20

2003 85 16 8.199 7.599 0.6 3 76.96 0 17.16 1.07 2.0 3 2.78 1 2003 247 25 8.148 7.599 0.55 4.2 87.76 0 8.84 0.62 1.13 1.65 2 2003 130 35 8.091 7.599 0.492 3.4 85.3 0 10.62 0.75 1.36 1.98 3 2003 213 9 7.946 7.599 0.347 4 87.2 0 9.22 0.65 1.2 1 1.72 4 2003 131 35 7.942 7.599 0.343 3.4 85.32 0 10.62 0.7 5 1.34 1.98 5 2003 35 4 7.917 7.599 0.318 3.1 77.67 0 16.76 1.04 1.81 2.72 6 2003 243 35 7.9 7.599 0.301 4.2 87.75 0 8.84 0.62 1 .14 1.65 7 2003 178 16 7.885 7.599 0.286 3.8 86.68 0 9.65 0.68 1.19 1.8 8 2003 240 8 7.854 7.599 0.255 4.2 87.9 0 8.86 0.62 0 .97 1.65 9 2003 94 16 7.841 7.599 0.242 2.8 75.74 0 18.1 1.12 2.11 2.93 10 2003 92 3 7.835 7.599 0.236 2.8 75.87 0 18.13 1.13 1.94 2.94 11 2003 6 1 7.82 7.599 0.222 3.3 78.68 0 15.95 0.99 1. 79 2.59 12 2003 188 8 7.816 7.599 0.217 4 87.09 0 9.21 0.65 1. 33 1.72 13 2003 95 16 7.802 7.599 0.203 2.8 75.69 0 18.09 1.12 2.16 2.93 14 2003 189 3 7.798 7.599 0.199 4 87.09 0 9.21 0.65 1. 33 1.72 15 2003 182 3 7.797 7.599 0.198 3.8 86.55 0 9.64 0.68 1.34 1.8 16 2003 120 35 7.782 7.599 0.183 2.8 75.62 0 18.07 1.1 2 2.26 2.93 17 2003 320 9 7.779 7.599 0.181 3.4 79.14 0 15.57 0.97 1.8 2.52 18 2003 165 220 7.774 7.599 0.175 3.8 86.57 0 9.64 0.6 8 1.31 1.8 19 2003 163 25 7.771 7.599 0.172 3.8 86.59 0 9.64 0.68 1.3 1.8 20

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Cohutta (Top 25 Days Over Three Years)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2003 85 16 8.199 7.599 0.600 3.0 76.96 0.00 17.16 1 .07 2.03 2.78 1 2003 247 25 8.148 7.599 0.550 4.2 87.76 0.00 8.84 0 .62 1.13 1.65 2 2003 130 35 8.091 7.599 0.492 3.4 85.30 0.00 10.62 0.75 1.36 1.98 3 2001 185 16 8.047 7.599 0.448 4.0 87.17 0.00 9.22 0 .65 1.25 1.72 4 2001 143 58 7.953 7.599 0.354 3.4 85.28 0.00 10.61 0.74 1.39 1.98 5 2001 279 1 7.950 7.599 0.351 3.8 80.84 0.00 14.23 0 .88 1.74 2.31 6 2003 213 9 7.946 7.599 0.347 4.0 87.20 0.00 9.22 0. 65 1.21 1.72 7 2003 131 35 7.942 7.599 0.343 3.4 85.32 0.00 10.62 0.75 1.34 1.98 8 2003 35 4 7.917 7.599 0.318 3.1 77.67 0.00 16.76 1. 04 1.81 2.72 9 2002 84 3 7.910 7.599 0.311 3.0 76.94 0.00 17.16 1. 07 2.06 2.78 10 2003 243 35 7.900 7.599 0.301 4.2 87.75 0.00 8.84 0 .62 1.14 1.65 11 2002 165 1 7.899 7.599 0.300 3.8 86.63 0.00 9.65 0. 68 1.25 1.80 12 2002 210 1 7.891 7.599 0.292 4.0 87.36 0.00 9.24 0. 65 1.03 1.72 13 2003 178 16 7.885 7.599 0.286 3.8 86.68 0.00 9.65 0 .68 1.19 1.80 14 2001 39 3 7.880 7.599 0.281 3.1 77.60 0.00 16.75 1. 04 1.89 2.71 15 2002 209 3 7.864 7.599 0.266 4.0 87.29 0.00 9.23 0. 65 1.11 1.72 16 2001 186 35 7.862 7.599 0.263 4.0 87.10 0.00 9.21 0 .65 1.32 1.72 17 2003 240 8 7.854 7.599 0.255 4.2 87.90 0.00 8.86 0. 62 0.97 1.65 18 2002 147 3 7.842 7.599 0.244 3.4 85.32 0.00 10.62 0 .75 1.33 1.98 19 2001 209 1 7.842 7.599 0.243 4.0 87.30 0.00 9.24 0. 65 1.09 1.72 20 2003 94 16 7.841 7.599 0.242 2.8 75.74 0.00 18.10 1 .12 2.11 2.93 21 2002 129 3 7.840 7.599 0.241 3.4 85.47 0.00 10.64 0 .75 1.16 1.98 22 2001 102 3 7.834 7.599 0.236 2.8 75.67 0.00 18.08 1 .12 2.20 2.93 23 2003 92 3 7.835 7.599 0.236 2.8 75.87 0.00 18.13 1. 13 1.94 2.94 24 2001 142 35 7.833 7.599 0.234 3.4 85.29 0.00 10.62 0.75 1.37 1.98 25

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Great Smoky Moun tains (Top 20 Days for Each Year)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2001 131 366 7.726 7.599 0.128 3.2 84.64 0 11.19 0. 79 1.3 2.08 1 2001 102 330 7.719 7.599 0.121 2.7 75.35 0 18.67 1. 16 1.79 3.03 2 2001 198 606 7.697 7.599 0.098 3.8 87.05 0 9.69 0.6 8 0.77 1.81 3 2001 342 516 7.692 7.599 0.093 3.4 79.66 0 15.68 0. 97 1.15 2.54 4 2001 149 609 7.681 7.599 0.082 3.2 84.65 0 11.19 0. 79 1.29 2.09 5 2001 139 353 7.673 7.599 0.075 3.2 84.89 0 11.23 0. 79 1 2.09 6 2001 279 350 7.673 7.599 0.074 3.8 81.16 0 14.29 0. 89 1.34 2.32 7 2001 143 514 7.67 7.599 0.072 3.2 85.01 0 11.24 0.7 9 0.87 2.09 8 2001 208 815 7.661 7.599 0.063 3.8 87.06 0 9.7 0.68 0.75 1.81 9 2001 185 365 7.66 7.599 0.061 3.8 86.97 0 9.68 0.68 0.86 1.8 10 2001 132 435 7.659 7.599 0.061 3.2 84.57 0 11.18 0. 79 1.38 2.08 11 2001 244 562 7.659 7.599 0.06 4 87.23 0 9.23 0.65 1 .18 1.72 12 2001 186 340 7.658 7.599 0.06 3.8 86.75 0 9.66 0.68 1.12 1.8 13 2001 156 609 7.659 7.599 0.06 3.9 87.21 0 9.46 0.66 0.9 1.76 14 2001 98 606 7.659 7.599 0.06 2.7 75.86 0 18.8 1.17 1.12 3.05 15 2001 298 558 7.658 7.599 0.059 3.8 81.56 0 14.36 0. 89 0.87 2.33 16 2001 230 864 7.658 7.599 0.059 4 87.47 0 9.25 0.65 0.91 1.72 17 2001 173 514 7.655 7.599 0.056 3.9 87.49 0 9.49 0.6 7 0.58 1.77 18 2001 142 372 7.654 7.599 0.055 3.2 84.84 0 11.22 0. 79 1.06 2.09 19 2001 239 814 7.653 7.599 0.054 4 87.54 0 9.26 0.65 0.82 1.73 20

2002 224 434 7.718 7.599 0.119 4 87.47 0 9.25 0.65 0.91 1.72 1 2002 84 363 7.697 7.599 0.098 2.9 76.61 0 17.67 1.1 1.75 2.86 2 2002 178 435 7.688 7.599 0.09 3.9 87.05 0 9.45 0.66 1.08 1.76 3 2002 179 434 7.671 7.599 0.072 3.9 87.08 0 9.45 0.6 6 1.05 1.76 4 2002 164 814 7.668 7.599 0.07 3.9 87.25 0 9.47 0.66 0.86 1.76 5 2002 129 365 7.668 7.599 0.069 3.2 85.27 0 11.28 0. 79 0.57 2.1 6 2002 31 530 7.666 7.599 0.068 3.3 78.76 0 15.97 0.9 9 1.69 2.59 7 2002 147 353 7.665 7.599 0.066 3.2 84.91 0 11.23 0. 79 0.99 2.09 8 2002 66 609 7.665 7.599 0.066 2.9 76.64 0 17.68 1.1 1.72 2.87 9 2002 145 435 7.662 7.599 0.064 3.2 84.63 0 11.19 0. 79 1.31 2.08 10 2002 225 606 7.658 7.599 0.06 4 87.8 0 9.29 0.65 0. 53 1.73 11 2002 279 335 7.654 7.599 0.056 3.8 81.42 0 14.34 0. 89 1.03 2.32 12 2002 165 339 7.652 7.599 0.054 3.9 87.5 0 9.49 0.67 0.57 1.77 13 2002 128 339 7.651 7.599 0.052 3.2 85.25 0 11.27 0. 79 0.59 2.1 14 2002 280 340 7.644 7.599 0.046 3.8 81.73 0 14.39 0. 89 0.66 2.33 15 2002 294 363 7.643 7.599 0.045 3.8 81.24 0 14.3 0.8 9 1.25 2.32 16 2002 130 339 7.644 7.599 0.045 3.2 84.94 0 11.23 0. 79 0.95 2.09 17 2002 134 326 7.64 7.599 0.042 3.2 85.01 0 11.24 0.7 9 0.86 2.09 18 2002 208 349 7.639 7.599 0.04 3.8 86.8 0 9.67 0.68 1.06 1.8 19 2002 146 429 7.635 7.599 0.036 3.2 85.23 0 11.27 0. 79 0.61 2.1 20

2003 131 366 7.784 7.599 0.186 3.2 85.03 0 11.24 0. 79 0.85 2.09 1 2003 247 381 7.78 7.599 0.181 4.2 87.88 0 8.85 0.62 1 1.65 2 2003 85 609 7.763 7.599 0.164 2.9 76.8 0 17.72 1.1 1.5 2.87 3 2003 95 347 7.733 7.599 0.134 2.7 75.55 0 18.72 1.1 6 1.53 3.03 4 2003 130 609 7.712 7.599 0.113 3.2 84.88 0 11.22 0. 79 1.01 2.09 5 2003 188 609 7.687 7.599 0.089 3.8 86.79 0 9.67 0.6 8 1.06 1.8 6 2003 246 815 7.685 7.599 0.086 4.2 88.01 0 8.87 0.6 2 0.85 1.65 7 2003 178 472 7.682 7.599 0.083 3.9 87.38 0 9.48 0.6 7 0.71 1.77 8 2003 240 324 7.674 7.599 0.076 4 87.69 0 9.28 0.65 0.66 1.73 9 2003 35 365 7.675 7.599 0.076 3 77.84 0 17.36 1.08 0.91 2.81 10 2003 166 477 7.668 7.599 0.069 3.9 87.17 0 9.46 0.6 6 0.95 1.76 11 2003 165 770 7.665 7.599 0.066 3.9 87.12 0 9.45 0.6 6 1 1.76 12 2003 129 351 7.662 7.599 0.063 3.2 84.93 0 11.23 0. 79 0.97 2.09 13 2003 68 366 7.661 7.599 0.063 2.9 77.19 0 17.81 1.1 1 1.02 2.89 14 2003 94 340 7.66 7.599 0.061 2.7 75.82 0 18.79 1.17 1.19 3.04 15 2003 52 474 7.659 7.599 0.06 3 77.08 0 17.19 1.07 1 .88 2.79 16 2003 327 435 7.655 7.599 0.057 3.3 78.81 0 15.98 0. 99 1.63 2.59 17 2003 72 435 7.655 7.599 0.056 2.9 76.64 0 17.68 1.1 1.72 2.87 18 2003 93 364 7.653 7.599 0.055 2.7 75.82 0 18.79 1.1 7 1.18 3.04 19 2003 241 652 7.652 7.599 0.053 4 87.84 0 9.29 0.65 0.49 1.73 20

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Great Smoky Moun tains (Top 25 Days Over Three Years)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2003 131 366 7.784 7.599 0.186 3.2 85.03 0.00 11.24 0.79 0.85 2.09 1 2003 247 381 7.780 7.599 0.181 4.2 87.88 0.00 8.85 0.62 1.00 1.65 2 2003 85 609 7.763 7.599 0.164 2.9 76.80 0.00 17.72 1.10 1.50 2.87 3 2003 95 347 7.733 7.599 0.134 2.7 75.55 0.00 18.72 1.16 1.53 3.03 4 2001 131 366 7.726 7.599 0.128 3.2 84.64 0.00 11.19 0.79 1.30 2.08 5 2001 102 330 7.719 7.599 0.121 2.7 75.35 0.00 18.67 1.16 1.79 3.03 6 2002 224 434 7.718 7.599 0.119 4.0 87.47 0.00 9.25 0.65 0.91 1.72 7 2003 130 609 7.712 7.599 0.113 3.2 84.88 0.00 11.22 0.79 1.01 2.09 8 2001 198 606 7.697 7.599 0.098 3.8 87.05 0.00 9.69 0.68 0.77 1.81 9 2002 84 363 7.697 7.599 0.098 2.9 76.61 0.00 17.67 1.10 1.75 2.86 10 2001 342 516 7.692 7.599 0.093 3.4 79.66 0.00 15.68 0.97 1.15 2.54 11 2002 178 435 7.688 7.599 0.090 3.9 87.05 0.00 9.45 0.66 1.08 1.76 12 2003 188 609 7.687 7.599 0.089 3.8 86.79 0.00 9.67 0.68 1.06 1.80 13 2003 246 815 7.685 7.599 0.086 4.2 88.01 0.00 8.87 0.62 0.85 1.65 14 2003 178 472 7.682 7.599 0.083 3.9 87.38 0.00 9.48 0.67 0.71 1.77 15 2001 149 609 7.681 7.599 0.082 3.2 84.65 0.00 11.19 0.79 1.29 2.09 16 2003 240 324 7.674 7.599 0.076 4.0 87.69 0.00 9.28 0.65 0.66 1.73 17 2003 35 365 7.675 7.599 0.076 3.0 77.84 0.00 17.36 1.08 0.91 2.81 18 2001 139 353 7.673 7.599 0.075 3.2 84.89 0.00 11.23 0.79 1.00 2.09 19 2001 279 350 7.673 7.599 0.074 3.8 81.16 0.00 14.29 0.89 1.34 2.32 20 2001 143 514 7.670 7.599 0.072 3.2 85.01 0.00 11.24 0.79 0.87 2.09 21 2002 179 434 7.671 7.599 0.072 3.9 87.08 0.00 9.45 0.66 1.05 1.76 22 2002 164 814 7.668 7.599 0.070 3.9 87.25 0.00 9.47 0.66 0.86 1.76 23 2002 129 365 7.668 7.599 0.069 3.2 85.27 0.00 11.28 0.79 0.57 2.10 24 2003 166 477 7.668 7.599 0.069 3.9 87.17 0.00 9.46 0.66 0.95 1.76 25

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Joyce Kilmer (To p 20 Days for Each Year)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2001 131 270 7.765 7.608 0.157 3.3 84.99 0 10.9 0.7 6 1.32 2.03 1 2001 102 225 7.717 7.608 0.109 2.7 75.32 0 18.66 1. 16 1.83 3.02 2 2001 198 317 7.709 7.608 0.101 4 87.63 0 9.27 0.65 0.72 1.73 3 2001 186 221 7.708 7.608 0.099 4 87.27 0 9.23 0.65 1.13 1.72 4 2001 342 317 7.704 7.608 0.096 3.5 80.09 0 15.31 0. 95 1.17 2.48 5 2001 279 221 7.7 7.608 0.092 3.8 81.09 0 14.28 0.89 1.44 2.31 6 2001 143 317 7.69 7.608 0.082 3.3 85.35 0 10.94 0.7 7 0.9 2.04 7 2001 139 222 7.686 7.608 0.078 3.3 85.23 0 10.93 0. 77 1.03 2.04 8 2001 185 270 7.681 7.608 0.073 4 87.5 0 9.26 0.65 0 .86 1.72 9 2001 132 278 7.678 7.608 0.07 3.3 84.93 0 10.89 0.7 6 1.38 2.03 10 2001 148 221 7.676 7.608 0.068 3.3 85.16 0 10.92 0. 77 1.12 2.03 11 2001 149 310 7.673 7.608 0.065 3.3 85.08 0 10.91 0. 77 1.21 2.03 12 2001 142 226 7.673 7.608 0.065 3.3 85.16 0 10.92 0. 77 1.12 2.03 13 2001 244 310 7.67 7.608 0.062 4.2 87.75 0 8.84 0.62 1.14 1.65 14 2001 236 221 7.669 7.608 0.061 4.2 87.96 0 8.86 0.6 2 0.91 1.65 15 2001 230 221 7.667 7.608 0.059 4.2 87.9 0 8.86 0.62 0.97 1.65 16 2001 173 317 7.665 7.608 0.057 3.8 87.18 0 9.71 0.6 8 0.62 1.81 17 2001 239 278 7.664 7.608 0.056 4.2 88.13 0 8.88 0.6 2 0.71 1.65 18 2001 167 222 7.664 7.608 0.056 3.8 87.27 0 9.72 0.6 8 0.52 1.81 19 2001 298 317 7.661 7.608 0.053 3.8 81.53 0 14.36 0. 89 0.89 2.33 20

2002 224 278 7.762 7.608 0.154 4.2 87.94 0 8.86 0.6 2 0.92 1.65 1 2002 178 221 7.711 7.608 0.103 3.8 86.75 0 9.66 0.6 8 1.11 1.8 2 2002 147 221 7.696 7.608 0.088 3.3 85.18 0 10.92 0. 77 1.09 2.03 3 2002 129 239 7.684 7.608 0.076 3.3 85.62 0 10.98 0. 77 0.58 2.05 4 2002 179 278 7.683 7.608 0.075 3.8 86.76 0 9.66 0.6 8 1.09 1.8 5 2002 145 278 7.683 7.608 0.075 3.3 84.98 0 10.9 0.7 6 1.32 2.03 6 2002 84 221 7.681 7.608 0.073 2.9 76.68 0 17.69 1.1 1.66 2.87 7 2002 225 317 7.67 7.608 0.062 4.2 88.28 0 8.89 0.62 0.54 1.66 8 2002 164 317 7.67 7.608 0.062 3.8 86.99 0 9.69 0.68 0.83 1.8 9 2002 208 221 7.668 7.608 0.06 4 87.3 0 9.24 0.65 1. 1 1.72 10 2002 31 258 7.666 7.608 0.058 3.3 78.72 0 15.96 0.9 9 1.73 2.59 11 2002 279 221 7.665 7.608 0.057 3.8 81.34 0 14.32 0. 89 1.13 2.32 12 2002 66 317 7.665 7.608 0.057 2.9 76.7 0 17.7 1.1 1 .63 2.87 13 2002 280 239 7.662 7.608 0.054 3.8 81.64 0 14.37 0. 89 0.77 2.33 14 2002 128 225 7.659 7.608 0.051 3.3 85.55 0 10.97 0. 77 0.66 2.04 15 2002 35 221 7.658 7.608 0.05 3.1 77.74 0 16.78 1.04 1.72 2.72 16 2002 134 225 7.656 7.608 0.048 3.3 85.33 0 10.94 0. 77 0.92 2.04 17 2002 165 225 7.653 7.608 0.045 3.8 87.08 0 9.7 0.68 0.73 1.81 18 2002 146 270 7.65 7.608 0.042 3.3 85.59 0 10.97 0.7 7 0.62 2.04 19 2002 294 225 7.645 7.608 0.037 3.8 81.18 0 14.29 0. 89 1.31 2.32 20

2003 247 221 7.83 7.608 0.222 4.2 87.84 0 8.85 0.62 1.04 1.65 1 2003 131 270 7.817 7.608 0.209 3.3 85.33 0 10.94 0. 77 0.92 2.04 2 2003 85 317 7.794 7.608 0.186 2.9 76.81 0 17.72 1.1 1.5 2.87 3 2003 95 221 7.753 7.608 0.144 2.7 75.46 0 18.7 1.16 1.65 3.03 4 2003 130 317 7.725 7.608 0.117 3.3 85.27 0 10.93 0. 77 0.99 2.04 5 2003 240 221 7.701 7.608 0.093 4.2 88.16 0 8.88 0.6 2 0.68 1.65 6 2003 188 310 7.701 7.608 0.093 4 87.3 0 9.24 0.65 1 .09 1.72 7 2003 178 270 7.698 7.608 0.09 3.8 87.13 0 9.7 0.68 0.68 1.81 8 2003 35 270 7.697 7.608 0.088 3.1 78.34 0 16.91 1.0 5 0.96 2.74 9 2003 94 221 7.684 7.608 0.076 2.7 75.62 0 18.74 1.1 6 1.44 3.04 10 2003 129 221 7.682 7.608 0.074 3.3 85.29 0 10.94 0. 77 0.97 2.04 11 2003 189 221 7.681 7.608 0.073 4 87.21 0 9.23 0.65 1.19 1.72 12 2003 166 221 7.68 7.608 0.072 3.8 86.84 0 9.67 0.68 1.01 1.8 13 2003 165 221 7.679 7.608 0.071 3.8 86.64 0 9.65 0.6 8 1.24 1.8 14 2003 68 239 7.679 7.608 0.071 2.9 77.16 0 17.8 1.11 1.04 2.88 15 2003 52 317 7.674 7.608 0.066 3.1 77.63 0 16.76 1.0 4 1.85 2.72 16 2003 246 317 7.672 7.608 0.064 4.2 88.06 0 8.87 0.6 2 0.79 1.65 17 2003 92 225 7.666 7.608 0.058 2.7 75.62 0 18.74 1.1 6 1.44 3.04 18 2003 356 226 7.665 7.608 0.057 3.5 79.66 0 15.23 0. 95 1.7 2.47 19 2003 214 259 7.665 7.608 0.057 4.2 87.72 0 8.84 0.6 2 1.18 1.65 20

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Joyce Kilmer (To p 25 Days Over Three Years)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2003 247 221 7.830 7.608 0.222 4.2 87.84 0.00 8.85 0.62 1.04 1.65 1 2003 131 270 7.817 7.608 0.209 3.3 85.33 0.00 10.94 0.77 0.92 2.04 2 2003 85 317 7.794 7.608 0.186 2.9 76.81 0.00 17.72 1.10 1.50 2.87 3 2001 131 270 7.765 7.608 0.157 3.3 84.99 0.00 10.90 0.76 1.32 2.03 4 2002 224 278 7.762 7.608 0.154 4.2 87.94 0.00 8.86 0.62 0.92 1.65 5 2003 95 221 7.753 7.608 0.144 2.7 75.46 0.00 18.70 1.16 1.65 3.03 6 2003 130 317 7.725 7.608 0.117 3.3 85.27 0.00 10.93 0.77 0.99 2.04 7 2001 102 225 7.717 7.608 0.109 2.7 75.32 0.00 18.66 1.16 1.83 3.02 8 2002 178 221 7.711 7.608 0.103 3.8 86.75 0.00 9.66 0.68 1.11 1.80 9 2001 198 317 7.709 7.608 0.101 4.0 87.63 0.00 9.27 0.65 0.72 1.73 10 2001 186 221 7.708 7.608 0.099 4.0 87.27 0.00 9.23 0.65 1.13 1.72 11 2001 342 317 7.704 7.608 0.096 3.5 80.09 0.00 15.31 0.95 1.17 2.48 12 2003 240 221 7.701 7.608 0.093 4.2 88.16 0.00 8.88 0.62 0.68 1.65 13 2003 188 310 7.701 7.608 0.093 4.0 87.30 0.00 9.24 0.65 1.09 1.72 14 2001 279 221 7.700 7.608 0.092 3.8 81.09 0.00 14.28 0.89 1.44 2.31 15 2003 178 270 7.698 7.608 0.090 3.8 87.13 0.00 9.70 0.68 0.68 1.81 16 2002 147 221 7.696 7.608 0.088 3.3 85.18 0.00 10.92 0.77 1.09 2.03 17 2003 35 270 7.697 7.608 0.088 3.1 78.34 0.00 16.91 1.05 0.96 2.74 18 2001 143 317 7.690 7.608 0.082 3.3 85.35 0.00 10.94 0.77 0.90 2.04 19 2001 139 222 7.686 7.608 0.078 3.3 85.23 0.00 10.93 0.77 1.03 2.04 20 2002 129 239 7.684 7.608 0.076 3.3 85.62 0.00 10.98 0.77 0.58 2.05 21 2003 94 221 7.684 7.608 0.076 2.7 75.62 0.00 18.74 1.16 1.44 3.04 22 2002 179 278 7.683 7.608 0.075 3.8 86.76 0.00 9.66 0.68 1.09 1.80 23 2002 145 278 7.683 7.608 0.075 3.3 84.98 0.00 10.90 0.76 1.32 2.03 24 2003 129 221 7.682 7.608 0.074 3.3 85.29 0.00 10.94 0.77 0.97 2.04 25

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Shining Rock (To p 20 Days for Each Year)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2001 342 1214 7.694 7.608 0.086 3.4 79.77 0 15.7 0. 98 1.01 2.54 1 2001 232 1210 7.691 7.608 0.083 4.5 89.09 0 8.38 0. 59 0.38 1.56 2 2001 131 1216 7.683 7.608 0.075 3.4 85.8 0 10.68 0. 75 0.78 1.99 3 2001 156 1210 7.664 7.608 0.056 3.9 87.14 0 9.45 0. 66 0.98 1.76 4 2001 167 1206 7.659 7.608 0.051 3.9 87.35 0 9.48 0. 67 0.73 1.77 5 2001 209 1250 7.658 7.608 0.05 4.1 87.89 0 9.07 0.6 4 0.71 1.69 6 2001 140 1206 7.655 7.608 0.047 3.4 85.75 0 10.67 0 .75 0.84 1.99 7 2001 132 1235 7.653 7.608 0.045 3.4 85.67 0 10.66 0 .75 0.93 1.99 8 2001 331 1314 7.647 7.608 0.039 3.3 78.59 0 15.93 0 .99 1.9 2.58 9 2001 354 1207 7.646 7.608 0.038 3.4 80.13 0 15.77 0 .98 0.56 2.56 10 2001 186 1210 7.644 7.608 0.036 4.1 87.85 0 9.07 0. 64 0.75 1.69 11 2001 236 1265 7.643 7.608 0.035 4.5 88.97 0 8.37 0. 59 0.51 1.56 12 2001 148 1313 7.644 7.608 0.035 3.4 85.47 0 10.64 0 .75 1.16 1.98 13 2001 224 1211 7.64 7.608 0.032 4.5 89.08 0 8.38 0.5 9 0.39 1.56 14 2001 278 1216 7.634 7.608 0.026 3.8 80.96 0 14.25 0 .89 1.59 2.31 15 2001 174 1210 7.635 7.608 0.026 3.9 87.16 0 9.46 0. 66 0.95 1.76 16 2001 294 1235 7.632 7.608 0.024 3.8 81.55 0 14.36 0 .89 0.87 2.33 17 2001 173 1216 7.632 7.608 0.024 3.9 87.63 0 9.51 0. 67 0.42 1.77 18 2001 330 1224 7.631 7.608 0.023 3.3 78.58 0 15.93 0 .99 1.91 2.58 19 2001 200 1228 7.631 7.608 0.023 4.1 87.86 0 9.07 0. 64 0.73 1.69 20

2002 84 1314 7.693 7.608 0.085 2.9 76.63 0 17.68 1. 1 1.72 2.86 1 2002 147 1308 7.682 7.608 0.074 3.4 85.65 0 10.66 0 .75 0.95 1.99 2 2002 179 1214 7.66 7.608 0.052 3.9 87.5 0 9.49 0.67 0.57 1.77 3 2002 165 1265 7.656 7.608 0.047 3.9 87.55 0 9.5 0.6 7 0.51 1.77 4 2002 128 1313 7.654 7.608 0.046 3.4 86.13 0 10.72 0 .75 0.4 2 5 2002 123 1210 7.642 7.608 0.034 3.4 86.12 0 10.72 0 .75 0.41 2 6 2002 145 1210 7.641 7.608 0.033 3.4 85.74 0 10.67 0 .75 0.85 1.99 7 2002 77 1313 7.641 7.608 0.033 2.9 76.68 0 17.69 1. 1 1.66 2.87 8 2002 279 1265 7.637 7.608 0.029 3.8 81.55 0 14.36 0 .89 0.87 2.33 9 2002 210 1211 7.638 7.608 0.029 4.1 88.15 0 9.1 0.6 4 0.42 1.69 10 2002 6 1207 7.636 7.608 0.028 3.3 78.96 0 16.01 0.9 9 1.44 2.59 11 2002 129 1210 7.633 7.608 0.025 3.4 85.64 0 10.66 0 .75 0.96 1.99 12 2002 30 1209 7.633 7.608 0.025 3.3 78.91 0 16 0.99 1.5 2.59 13 2002 164 1313 7.632 7.608 0.024 3.9 87.48 0 9.49 0. 67 0.59 1.77 14 2002 94 1210 7.63 7.608 0.022 2.7 75.59 0 18.73 1.1 6 1.47 3.04 15 2002 294 1315 7.629 7.608 0.021 3.8 81.56 0 14.36 0 .89 0.85 2.33 16 2002 208 1211 7.629 7.608 0.021 4.1 87.93 0 9.08 0. 64 0.65 1.69 17 2002 11 1206 7.629 7.608 0.021 3.3 79.31 0 16.08 1 1.01 2.61 18 2002 192 1206 7.628 7.608 0.02 4.1 87.78 0 9.06 0.6 4 0.83 1.69 19 2002 211 1210 7.626 7.608 0.018 4.1 88.24 0 9.11 0. 64 0.32 1.7 20

2003 152 1265 7.708 7.608 0.099 3.4 85.65 0 10.66 0 .75 0.95 1.99 1 2003 86 1210 7.676 7.608 0.068 2.9 76.82 0 17.72 1. 1 1.48 2.87 2 2003 130 1222 7.671 7.608 0.063 3.4 85.9 0 10.69 0. 75 0.66 1.99 3 2003 146 1216 7.668 7.608 0.06 3.4 85.36 0 10.62 0. 75 1.29 1.98 4 2003 93 1265 7.663 7.608 0.055 2.7 75.77 0 18.78 1. 17 1.25 3.04 5 2003 316 1210 7.662 7.608 0.054 3.3 78.7 0 15.96 0. 99 1.76 2.59 6 2003 241 1265 7.661 7.608 0.053 4.5 89.05 0 8.37 0. 59 0.42 1.56 7 2003 203 1216 7.66 7.608 0.052 4.1 87.86 0 9.07 0.6 4 0.75 1.69 8 2003 131 1265 7.658 7.608 0.05 3.4 85.92 0 10.69 0. 75 0.64 1.99 9 2003 72 1216 7.657 7.608 0.049 2.9 77.13 0 17.8 1.1 1 1.08 2.88 10 2003 321 1301 7.652 7.608 0.044 3.3 78.67 0 15.95 0 .99 1.8 2.58 11 2003 92 1210 7.652 7.608 0.044 2.7 75.92 0 18.81 1. 17 1.05 3.05 12 2003 327 1216 7.651 7.608 0.043 3.3 79.08 0 16.03 1 1.28 2.6 13 2003 137 1206 7.65 7.608 0.042 3.4 85.72 0 10.67 0. 75 0.87 1.99 14 2003 189 1208 7.649 7.608 0.041 4.1 87.74 0 9.06 0. 64 0.88 1.69 15 2003 240 1265 7.648 7.608 0.04 4.5 88.95 0 8.36 0.5 9 0.54 1.56 16 2003 214 1235 7.646 7.608 0.038 4.5 88.7 0 8.34 0.5 9 0.82 1.55 17 2003 317 1211 7.644 7.608 0.036 3.3 79.56 0 16.13 1 0.69 2.61 18 2003 322 1238 7.639 7.608 0.031 3.3 78.59 0 15.93 0 .99 1.89 2.58 19 2003 129 1265 7.638 7.608 0.029 3.4 85.83 0 10.68 0 .75 0.75 1.99 20

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Shining Rock (To p 25 Days Over Three Years)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2003 152 1265 7.708 7.608 0.099 3.4 85.65 0.00 10.6 6 0.75 0.95 1.99 1 2001 342 1214 7.694 7.608 0.086 3.4 79.77 0.00 15.7 0 0.98 1.01 2.54 2 2002 84 1314 7.693 7.608 0.085 2.9 76.63 0.00 17.68 1.10 1.72 2.86 3 2001 232 1210 7.691 7.608 0.083 4.5 89.09 0.00 8.38 0.59 0.38 1.56 4 2001 131 1216 7.683 7.608 0.075 3.4 85.80 0.00 10.6 8 0.75 0.78 1.99 5 2002 147 1308 7.682 7.608 0.074 3.4 85.65 0.00 10.6 6 0.75 0.95 1.99 6 2003 86 1210 7.676 7.608 0.068 2.9 76.82 0.00 17.72 1.10 1.48 2.87 7 2003 130 1222 7.671 7.608 0.063 3.4 85.90 0.00 10.6 9 0.75 0.66 1.99 8 2003 146 1216 7.668 7.608 0.060 3.4 85.36 0.00 10.6 2 0.75 1.29 1.98 9 2001 156 1210 7.664 7.608 0.056 3.9 87.14 0.00 9.45 0.66 0.98 1.76 10 2003 93 1265 7.663 7.608 0.055 2.7 75.77 0.00 18.78 1.17 1.25 3.04 11 2003 316 1210 7.662 7.608 0.054 3.3 78.70 0.00 15.9 6 0.99 1.76 2.59 12 2003 241 1265 7.661 7.608 0.053 4.5 89.05 0.00 8.37 0.59 0.42 1.56 13 2002 179 1214 7.660 7.608 0.052 3.9 87.50 0.00 9.49 0.67 0.57 1.77 14 2003 203 1216 7.660 7.608 0.052 4.1 87.86 0.00 9.07 0.64 0.75 1.69 15 2001 167 1206 7.659 7.608 0.051 3.9 87.35 0.00 9.48 0.67 0.73 1.77 16 2001 209 1250 7.658 7.608 0.050 4.1 87.89 0.00 9.07 0.64 0.71 1.69 17 2003 131 1265 7.658 7.608 0.050 3.4 85.92 0.00 10.6 9 0.75 0.64 1.99 18 2003 72 1216 7.657 7.608 0.049 2.9 77.13 0.00 17.80 1.11 1.08 2.88 19 2001 140 1206 7.655 7.608 0.047 3.4 85.75 0.00 10.6 7 0.75 0.84 1.99 20 2002 165 1265 7.656 7.608 0.047 3.9 87.55 0.00 9.50 0.67 0.51 1.77 21 2002 128 1313 7.654 7.608 0.046 3.4 86.13 0.00 10.7 2 0.75 0.40 2.00 22 2001 132 1235 7.653 7.608 0.045 3.4 85.67 0.00 10.6 6 0.75 0.93 1.99 23 2003 321 1301 7.652 7.608 0.044 3.3 78.67 0.00 15.9 5 0.99 1.80 2.58 24 2003 92 1210 7.652 7.608 0.044 2.7 75.92 0.00 18.81 1.17 1.05 3.05 25

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Sipsey (Top 20 D ays for Each Year)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2001 216 1129 7.62 7.552 0.069 3.9 87.42 0 9.49 0.6 7 0.66 1.77 1 2001 206 1147 7.617 7.552 0.065 3.9 87.02 0 9.44 0. 66 1.12 1.76 2 2001 273 1092 7.615 7.552 0.063 3.9 87.16 0 9.46 0. 66 0.96 1.76 3 2001 205 1058 7.615 7.552 0.063 3.9 87.4 0 9.48 0.6 7 0.68 1.77 4 2001 164 1110 7.614 7.552 0.062 3.7 86.62 0 9.91 0. 7 0.94 1.85 5 2001 259 1201 7.608 7.552 0.056 3.9 87.24 0 9.47 0. 66 0.86 1.76 6 2001 311 1204 7.602 7.552 0.05 3.3 79.01 0 16.02 1 1.38 2.6 7 2001 170 1092 7.597 7.552 0.045 3.7 86.67 0 9.91 0. 7 0.87 1.85 8 2001 304 1147 7.595 7.552 0.044 3.6 80.8 0 15.02 0. 93 0.83 2.43 9 2001 197 1147 7.593 7.552 0.041 3.9 87.07 0 9.45 0. 66 1.06 1.76 10 2001 274 1151 7.591 7.552 0.039 3.9 86.94 0 9.43 0. 66 1.21 1.76 11 2001 215 1205 7.589 7.552 0.037 3.9 87.57 0 9.5 0.6 7 0.49 1.77 12 2001 214 1147 7.585 7.552 0.033 3.9 87.58 0 9.5 0.6 7 0.48 1.77 13 2001 228 1147 7.584 7.552 0.032 3.9 86.93 0 9.43 0. 66 1.22 1.76 14 2001 204 1092 7.583 7.552 0.032 3.9 87.62 0 9.51 0. 67 0.43 1.77 15 2001 213 1092 7.58 7.552 0.028 3.9 87.18 0 9.46 0.6 6 0.93 1.76 16 2001 89 1092 7.578 7.552 0.027 2.9 76.73 0 17.7 1.1 1.6 2.87 17 2001 79 1201 7.578 7.552 0.026 2.9 76.8 0 17.72 1.1 1.51 2.87 18 2001 249 1065 7.575 7.552 0.024 3.9 87.49 0 9.49 0. 67 0.58 1.77 19 2001 256 1165 7.573 7.552 0.021 3.9 86.94 0 9.43 0. 66 1.2 1.76 20

2002 268 1092 7.669 7.552 0.117 3.9 87.22 0 9.46 0. 66 0.89 1.76 1 2002 170 1092 7.636 7.552 0.084 3.7 86.47 0 9.89 0. 69 1.11 1.84 2 2002 216 1092 7.631 7.552 0.079 3.9 87.1 0 9.45 0.6 6 1.02 1.76 3 2002 241 1067 7.621 7.552 0.069 3.9 87.23 0 9.46 0. 66 0.88 1.76 4 2002 220 1147 7.619 7.552 0.067 3.9 87.11 0 9.45 0. 66 1.01 1.76 5 2002 247 1129 7.616 7.552 0.064 3.9 87.34 0 9.48 0. 67 0.75 1.77 6 2002 245 1147 7.615 7.552 0.064 3.9 87.48 0 9.49 0. 67 0.59 1.77 7 2002 244 1205 7.612 7.552 0.061 3.9 87.52 0 9.5 0.6 7 0.55 1.77 8 2002 243 1092 7.6 7.552 0.048 3.9 87.11 0 9.45 0.66 1.02 1.76 9 2002 253 1065 7.594 7.552 0.043 3.9 87.32 0 9.47 0. 67 0.78 1.76 10 2002 189 1058 7.594 7.552 0.042 3.9 86.96 0 9.44 0. 66 1.18 1.76 11 2002 221 1201 7.592 7.552 0.04 3.9 87.03 0 9.44 0.6 6 1.11 1.76 12 2002 240 1129 7.59 7.552 0.038 3.9 87.36 0 9.48 0.6 7 0.73 1.77 13 2002 252 1065 7.587 7.552 0.036 3.9 87.45 0 9.49 0. 67 0.63 1.77 14 2002 174 1201 7.586 7.552 0.034 3.7 86.29 0 9.87 0. 69 1.31 1.84 15 2002 3 1092 7.585 7.552 0.034 3.4 79.7 0 15.68 0.97 1.11 2.54 16 2002 242 1065 7.58 7.552 0.028 3.9 87.41 0 9.48 0.6 7 0.67 1.77 17 2002 297 1201 7.579 7.552 0.027 3.6 80.78 0 15.01 0 .93 0.84 2.43 18 2002 215 1065 7.578 7.552 0.026 3.9 87.39 0 9.48 0. 67 0.7 1.77 19 2002 71 1147 7.578 7.552 0.026 2.9 77.01 0 17.77 1. 1 1.23 2.88 20

2003 282 1201 7.651 7.552 0.099 3.6 80.25 0 14.92 0 .93 1.49 2.42 1 2003 251 1165 7.65 7.552 0.098 3.9 87.58 0 9.5 0.67 0.48 1.77 2 2003 281 1092 7.64 7.552 0.089 3.6 80.56 0 14.97 0. 93 1.11 2.43 3 2003 314 1067 7.625 7.552 0.073 3.3 79.39 0 16.1 1 0.9 2.61 4 2003 308 1204 7.613 7.552 0.062 3.3 79.22 0 16.06 1 1.11 2.6 5 2003 262 1201 7.598 7.552 0.046 3.9 87.16 0 9.46 0. 66 0.96 1.76 6 2003 207 1184 7.594 7.552 0.042 3.9 86.89 0 9.43 0. 66 1.26 1.76 7 2003 261 1201 7.59 7.552 0.039 3.9 87.07 0 9.45 0.6 6 1.06 1.76 8 2003 250 1201 7.59 7.552 0.038 3.9 87.29 0 9.47 0.6 6 0.81 1.76 9 2003 255 1204 7.587 7.552 0.035 3.9 87.59 0 9.5 0.6 7 0.47 1.77 10 2003 286 1165 7.586 7.552 0.034 3.6 80.48 0 14.96 0 .93 1.21 2.42 11 2003 175 1205 7.581 7.552 0.029 3.7 86.5 0 9.89 0.6 9 1.07 1.84 12 2003 348 1201 7.573 7.552 0.021 3.4 79.08 0 15.56 0 .97 1.87 2.52 13 2003 283 1201 7.573 7.552 0.021 3.6 80.03 0 14.87 0 .92 1.76 2.41 14 2003 74 1092 7.571 7.552 0.019 2.9 77.01 0 17.77 1. 1 1.23 2.88 15 2003 235 1147 7.569 7.552 0.018 3.9 87.17 0 9.46 0. 66 0.94 1.76 16 2003 228 1148 7.569 7.552 0.017 3.9 87.67 0 9.51 0. 67 0.38 1.77 17 2003 227 1147 7.569 7.552 0.017 3.9 87.67 0 9.51 0. 67 0.38 1.77 18 2003 254 1147 7.566 7.552 0.014 3.9 87.55 0 9.5 0.6 7 0.5 1.77 19 2003 97 1165 7.565 7.552 0.014 2.8 75.75 0 18.1 1.1 2 2.09 2.93 20

### Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Sipsey (Top 25 D ays Over Three Years)

% of Modeled Extinction by Species

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking 2002 268 1092 7.669 7.552 0.117 3.9 87.22 0.00 9.46 0.66 0.89 1.76 1 2003 282 1201 7.651 7.552 0.099 3.6 80.25 0.00 14.9 2 0.93 1.49 2.42 2 2003 251 1165 7.650 7.552 0.098 3.9 87.58 0.00 9.50 0.67 0.48 1.77 3 2003 281 1092 7.640 7.552 0.089 3.6 80.56 0.00 14.9 7 0.93 1.11 2.43 4 2002 170 1092 7.636 7.552 0.084 3.7 86.47 0.00 9.89 0.69 1.11 1.84 5 2002 216 1092 7.631 7.552 0.079 3.9 87.10 0.00 9.45 0.66 1.02 1.76 6 2003 314 1067 7.625 7.552 0.073 3.3 79.39 0.00 16.1 0 1.00 0.90 2.61 7 2001 216 1129 7.620 7.552 0.069 3.9 87.42 0.00 9.49 0.67 0.66 1.77 8 2002 241 1067 7.621 7.552 0.069 3.9 87.23 0.00 9.46 0.66 0.88 1.76 9 2002 220 1147 7.619 7.552 0.067 3.9 87.11 0.00 9.45 0.66 1.01 1.76 10 2001 206 1147 7.617 7.552 0.065 3.9 87.02 0.00 9.44 0.66 1.12 1.76 11 2002 247 1129 7.616 7.552 0.064 3.9 87.34 0.00 9.48 0.67 0.75 1.77 12 2002 245 1147 7.615 7.552 0.064 3.9 87.48 0.00 9.49 0.67 0.59 1.77 13 2001 273 1092 7.615 7.552 0.063 3.9 87.16 0.00 9.46 0.66 0.96 1.76 14 2001 205 1058 7.615 7.552 0.063 3.9 87.40 0.00 9.48 0.67 0.68 1.77 15 2001 164 1110 7.614 7.552 0.062 3.7 86.62 0.00 9.91 0.70 0.94 1.85 16 2003 308 1204 7.613 7.552 0.062 3.3 79.22 0.00 16.0 6 1.00 1.11 2.60 17 2002 244 1205 7.612 7.552 0.061 3.9 87.52 0.00 9.50 0.67 0.55 1.77 18 2001 259 1201 7.608 7.552 0.056 3.9 87.24 0.00 9.47 0.66 0.86 1.76 19 2001 311 1204 7.602 7.552 0.050 3.3 79.01 0.00 16.0 2 1.00 1.38 2.60 20 2002 243 1092 7.600 7.552 0.048 3.9 87.11 0.00 9.45 0.66 1.02 1.76 21 2003 262 1201 7.598 7.552 0.046 3.9 87.16 0.00 9.46 0.66 0.96 1.76 22 2001 170 1092 7.597 7.552 0.045 3.7 86.67 0.00 9.91 0.70 0.87 1.85 23 2001 304 1147 7.595 7.552 0.044 3.6 80.80 0.00 15.0 2 0.93 0.83 2.43 24 2002 253 1065 7.594 7.552 0.043 3.9 87.32 0.00 9.47 0.67 0.78 1.76 25