|  |  | FGDC Newsletter Summer 1998FGDC Privacy Policy is Endorsed**Policy Balances Data Access and Privacy Issues**In April, the FGDC Steering Committee endorsed the FGDC Policy on Access to Public Information and theProtection of Personal Information Privacy in Federal Geospatial Databases. The policy is needed because of growingconcerns about privacy issues related to geographic information systems.
Federal geospatial databases are being built with increasing levels of geographic specificity and often include personalinformation that must be protected. "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is charged with protecting endangered speciesand the habitats upon which they depend, the bulk of which occur on private property,"explained Owen Amber,Systems Analyst with the Division of Information Resources of the Service. "In order to carry out our mission, theService must work in close partnership with many organizations and individuals, especially with private land owners.To do so effectively, we must be able to assure them that their privacy rights will not be violated. Trust is of theessence."
The privacy policy balances privacy protection and data access issues. It articulates the FGDC's endorsement of publicaccess to information and appropriate protections for the privacy and confidentiality of personal information in federalgeospatial databases. The policy's key provisions are that: federal agencies should improve public access to geospatialdata while minimizing costs to taxpayers, individuals should be informed of the purposes for data collectionbeforehand, and agencies should take steps to protect the privacy of individuals and limit the amount of personalinformation used in geospatial databases.
The policy synthesizes information access and privacy principles from many different areas. It is based on law-principally the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), related federal policies (such Office ofManagement and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130, "Management of Federal Information Resources"), and well-regarded fair information and privacy practices and principles (particularly the work of the Privacy Working Group ofthe U.S. Information Infrastructure Task Force). The policy echoes and reinforces federal agency directions on privacyand data access. For example, "The Department of Energy has always - for obvious reasons - been inherently securityconscious,"  noted David Morehouse, a Senior Petroleum Geologist with the Department of Energy. "It is therefore notsurprising that the new FGDC privacy policy embodies and mirrors DOE's existing principles and practices onpersonal privacy."
One of the policy's guiding rationales is that broad-based, consistent principles of privacy protection must be built intodatabases and systems from the beginning. Building in protection when systems are designed ensures smootherimplementation and operation of the process later on.
The FGDC is an interagency committee composed of 16 Cabinet-level and independent federal agencies, and includesparticipation by the National Association of Counties, the National League of Cities, the International City/CountyManagement Association, state geographic information coordination councils, and the National States GeographicInformation Council. For the policy to be relevant to all agencies, it must be articulated at a general level. Therefore,rather than providing specific directives, the policy provides guidance for federal agencies as they develop their ownpolicies and procedures. It is hoped that other organizations in the geospatial data community will also find the policyuseful.
Federal agencies are already beginning to implement the policy. For example, the Natural Resource ConservationService is cooperating with the National Arbor Day Foundation to sponsor a Workshop on Privacy in Natural ResourceData Collection and Use. The workshop will clarify privacy issues in the natural resources context and identifypotential solutions. It will be held in Nebraska City, NE, November 18-19, 1998.
Many individuals contributed to the development of this policy. Kathy Covert, the FGDC staff member who led theeffort, said, "I would like to take this opportunity to publicly acknowledge the FGDC Coordination Group and theSteering Committee for their leadership on this important public policy issue. I'd especially like to recognize twoindividuals who, although not members of the FGDC committees, devoted time and attention 'beyond the call of duty'to assist in the policy development: Marilyn Legnini, the FOIA and Privacy Act Officer for the Bureau of LandManagement, and Maya Bernstein, Policy Analyst with the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs of OMB."The full text of the policy is available by mail from the FGDC and on the FGDC web site.
For background information, see the following sources:Privacy and the National Information Infrastructure: Principles for Providing and Using Personal Information, FinalVersion, June 6, 1995. Privacy Working Group, Information Policy Committee, Information Infrastructure Task Force(http://www.iitf.nist.gov/ipc/ipc/ipc-pubs/niiprivprin_final.html).Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act(http://www.usdoj.gov/04foia/index.html)
Framework Data Survey Wraps Up**More Than 4500 Surveys Returned**The Framework Data Survey, conducted by the National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC), is movinginto the data analysis phase. More than 4500 responses have been received to date in one of the most comprehensivegeographic data survey and analysis projects ever conducted. The survey concentrates on framework data themesproduced by state and local governments. Framework data themes include geodetic control, elevation and bathymetry,orthoimagery, transportation, hydrography, political boundaries, and cadastral information. Counties, in particular,have been targeted, although respondents include other local governments, regional groups, state agencies, federalagencies, nonprofit groups, and the private sector. "It is very exciting that we have all 50 states and the Inter-tribal GISCouncil committed to participate," remarked Hank Garie, NSGIC survey project director and director of the GISProgram for the State of New Jersey. The survey is unique not only for its breadth, but also for its quality controlprocedures, the types of analyses and interpretation that will be published, the availability of the results in a variety offormats, and the widespread participation and effort on the part of the spatial data community.
Data analysis has already begun. Several states have completed their survey activities, and the data are now beingexamined by a team from NSGIC, FGDC, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The team is conducting a thorough qualityassurance procedure to ensure reliable data that can be used in many different types of analyses. After routine dataanalyses have been conducted, issues related to framework data production, use, and availability will be examined, andconditions that foster framework data development will be explored.
 The survey results will be a valuable resource to all sectors of the spatial data community, providing information aboutwhat framework data exist, who is producing them, how they are being disseminated, and how organizations areworking together to build the framework. The survey analysis will test some of the existing hypotheses aboutframework data production and use, support (or refute) anecdote-based assertions, and provide insight for furtherdevelopment and sharing of framework data.
The results of the survey and of the data analysis and interpretation will be published in late 1998 and mid-1999. Thefirst publication, a preview report that will appear as a special supplement to the November issue of Geo Info Systems,will cover the preliminary results from the early states' data and discuss the directions the full data analysis is taking.The National Technical Report, scheduled for release next summer, will examine results from all 50 states. The survey data will be made available digitally for everyone examine and analyze. More information about the dataavailability will be provided on the NSGIC and FGDC web pages.
The Framework Data Survey is a "good example of organizations working together toward acommon goal to push the NSDI forward."
The survey has been a cooperative effort among NSGIC team members, state survey coordinators, GIS projectrepresentatives across the country, and FGDC and USGS staff. The survey is a "good example of organizationsworking together toward a common goal to push the NSDI forward," Garie pointed out. It is a communal effort inwhich the individual participants can "see that their piece will benefit a broader whole."
If you have received a survey but have not yet returned it to NSGIC, please do so as soon as possible. You don't wantto miss the opportunity to have your results included.
Hopi Tribe Presents LIS BriefingThe manager of the Hopi Tribe Land Information System (LIS) presented a briefing at the Department of the Interior'sGeographic Data Committee Meeting in April. Phillip Tuwaletstiwa and Kyle Bohnenestiehl of the Hopi Tribe andKeith Kirk of the Office of Surface Mining presented the philosophy and technical aspects of the system. The HopiTribe's LIS
 "We believe we are stewards of the earth. If you cannot see it, you cannot manage it."
provides a system to visualize the Hopi Indian Reservation's cultural and natural resources. The system combines acommitment to responsible stewardship of the land with the technology to manage it. "We believe we are stewards ofthe earth. If you cannot see it, you cannot manage it," explained Tuwaletstiwa.
Following the National Spatial Data Infrastructure standards "makes good sense."
The objective of the LIS is to map Hopi cultural and natural resources and portray the information for the benefit of theHopi People, the tribal government, and others outside the reservation. The system developers wanted to educate theHopi People about their reservation, share certain geospatial information with others, help other tribes with their LIStechnology, and follow the National Spatial Data standards because "it makes good sense." The tribe uses the LIS tomap its villages, portray reservation boundaries, document cultural resources, and support the Little Colorado Riverwater rights litigation, Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act enforcement, and range management. The Hopiare also extending their geodetic control network, developing their own large-scale DOQ's based on 1997 flight data,and developing more than 100 GIS base layers. For more information about this project, call Phillip J. Tuwaletstiwa at520-734-3613.
New York State Clearinghouse Wins AwardThe Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA) has recognized the New York State GISClearinghouse with a 1998 Exemplary Systems in Government award in the NSDI/Data Partnerships category. Theaward will be presented at the opening session of URISA's annual conference in Charlotte, North Carolina, on July 20. The New York State GIS Clearinghouse was established in 1996 and is administered by the New York State GISCoordinating Body under the direction of the New York State Office for Technology. The Clearinghouse wasenvisioned as a central, easily accessible, organized, and searchable list of GIS data sets, and it has developed into afocal point for the state GIS Data Sharing Cooperative and a cornerstone of the NYS GIS Coordination Program. TheClearinghouse's highly effective method uses straightforward Internet applications to establish an electronic data-sharing mechanism.
 The New York State Clearinghouse site is "low cost, low tech, low flash, but high on service andaccessibility."
The Clearinghouse's major features include an inventory of GIS data sets, electronic access to agency GIS data sets, aGIS metadata repository, electronic forms for updating the Clearinghouse data, listservers for disbursing information,interactive electronic mail, and a gateway from the National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse to regional clearinghouseswithin New York State. The Clearinghouse also serves as a "one-stop" location for information on the statewide GISprogram, the New York State GIS Data Sharing Co-operative, GIS activities around New York State, education andtraining opportunities, GIS tools, and helpful hints for GIS users and professionals. Bruce Oswald, chair of the NewYork GIS Coordinating Body, described the site as "low cost, low tech, low flash, but high on service and high onaccessibility." The New York State Library hosts the Clearinghouse web site at http://www.nysgis.nysed.gov/gis.
State Department Presents Digital Map ExpoThe State Department hosted its first Digital Map Expo on March 24. It featured displays from 10 federal agencies and24 vendors demonstrating the latest in satellite-based remote sensing imagery, digital mapping and imagery technology,and GIS software. The theme of the exposition was how these revolutionary tools can help diplomats meet theinternational challenges of the next century. The event drew over 200 guests. Under Secretary for Management, BonnieCohen stressed her interest in working with other Federal agencies and the private sector in exploring the use of moreabundant and affordable imagery data and GIS tools as part of a modernized information system that can support ourinternational affairs and strategic goals.
News about NSDI InitiativesStakeholders**OGRIP Joins Partnership Program**The Ohio Geographically Referenced Information Program Council (OGRIP) has become the 25th member of theFGDC's Cooperating Groups Partnership Program. The program recognizes statewide or regional councils orcommittees committed to improving geographic data coordination. This network of FGDC-recognized councils is animportant link in the web of organizations working together to build the NSDI "from the ground up." OGRIP wasestablished by Executive Order of the Governor of Ohio in 1993 to provide for the efficient collection, management,and use of digital geographically referenced data. It encourages the creation of digital geographic data that are valuableto multiple users, and fosters the ability to easily determine what geographic data exist and the ability to easily accessand use these data. OGRIP is composed of a council and forum. Ronald Vidmar is its chair and Stuart Davis is theexecutive director. Further information about OGRIP and the other members of the Partnership Program can be foundon the FGDC web site under cooperative partnerships.
**The International City/County Management Association Recognized as NSDI Stakeholder** At its June meeting, the FGDC Steering Committee recognized the The International City/County ManagementAssociation (ICMA) as a stakeholder group in developing the NSDI. Founded in 1914, the International City/CountyManagement Association is the professional and educational organization of more than 8,200 appointed administratorsand assistant administrators serving cities, counties, other local governments, and regional entities around the world.
 The purposes of ICMA are to enhance the quality of local government through professional management and tosupport and assist professional local government administration. To that end, the association provides technicalassistance, training, management assistance, and publications to help local government professionals improve theirskills and increase their knowledge. ICMA also serves as a clearinghouse for the collection, analysis and disseminationof information and data about local government. For more information see the ICMA web site at http://www.icma.org.
Standards**Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards Released**The Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards were endorsed by the FGDC in June. This is the first FGDC standardsproject to integrate standards for various data themes and applications. The Standards support the NSDI Framework byproviding procedures and guidelines that enable integration, sharing, and use of data. The Standards consist of threeparts: Reporting Methodology, Standards for Geodetic Networks, and the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy.The document is available at the following web site: http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/documents/standards/accuracy/.More information about the standards can also be obtained from Julie Binder Maitra at [email protected]. Printedcopies are available from ESIC, P.O. Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225.
Metadata**Metadata Version 2.0 Released**The Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) Version 2.0 (FGDC-STD-001-1998) has beenendorsed by the FGDC. The new version provides for the creation of metadata profiles, user-defined metadataextensions, metadata tags, and modifications to some metadata production rules. The CSDGM Version 2.0 supersedesVersion 1, which was endorsed on June 8, 1994. Electronic copies of Version 2.0 can be obtained from the FGDC website (http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/contstan.html). Printed copies are available from the Earth Science InformationCenter (ESIC), P.O. Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225.
b>The FGDC has received permission from the American National Standards Institute National Committee forInformation Technology Standards L1 Committee to perform an open review within the United States of theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) Metadata Standard Committee Draft. You can help the FGDCestablish a position on the ISO Metadata Standard by registering with the FGDC to receive a copy of the draft toreview and provide comments on. You are also invited to register to participate in the comment adjudication. Thereview began mid-July and is scheduled to be completed by mid-September.
Framework**Operational and Business Practices Workshop**More than 30 representatives from a variety of GIS projects across the country explored framework, organizational andbusinesses practices at a workshop in Annapolis in January. Participants completed a preworkshop survey that askedthem for examples of business cases, a description of how each program is organized to perform framework functions,experiences and expertise they could share with their peers, issues they would like the workshop to address, anddocuments on their programs. The workshop discussion focused on motivating groups to participate in frameworkactivities, organizational practices, and framework resources. The workshop report is available from the FGDC. Theresponses to the preworkshop surveys are included in the report and are also available on the FGDC web site athttp://www.fgdc.gov/obp/home.htm.
**Framework Road Data Model**Representatives from a variety of road framework projects met at a Road Data Model Workshop in December 1997.They compared their approaches and found them similar. Participants identified and discussed the elements of a roaddata model that would support framework activities. They agreed that the data model should be simple and provide thefollowing functions: support multiple, current linear referencing systems, including street addresses; aid datamaintenance and use; identify the geographic features being represented; and provide a means for users to attachapplications data to framework data. The participants also identified a need for practical advice on implementing amodel both in the field and in a GIS, and for a permanent identifier assignment method that is responsive toorganizations' responsibilities and data flows. The workshop report is available from the FGDC framework web site.Following this workshop, a proposal to develop a draft NSDI Framework Road Data Model Standard was produced.The objective is to provide a logical data model for identifying unique road segments that are independent ofcartographic or analytic network representation. These road segments will form the basis for sharing andtransactionally updating the NSDI framework road data-bases.
The model is being processed under the classification of a data content standard; however, it also includes standardsfor assigning and reporting identification codes and voluntary guidelines for data collection. Any road databasessubmitted for inclusion in the NSDI transportation framework layer would conform to this standard.
The technical review team will look at the model in August and release a draft for general review and comment in thefall. While that review is occurring, the team will develop a prototype implementation. In the fall, the review commentsand prototype results will be incorporated into the draft standard, which is scheduled to be released for formal reviewin January 1999. For more information, contact Bruce Spear at the U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau ofTransportation Statistics, 202-366-8870 or [email protected].
ClearinghouseThrough the FGDC Clearinghouse Gateway, there are now over 80 searchable metadata service nodes registered withthe FGDC. These sites enable simultaneous search of spatial data holdings in the United States and several othercountries. Approximately one-third of these nodes are U.S. Federal governmental organizations, one-third are state-sponsored sites, and the remainder are regional, local, and international partici-pating sites that use the same searchprotocol based on Z39.50.
**Clearinghouse: What's in a Word?**The term "clearinghouse" is being used more and more in computer-based domains, and is being applied to manyactivities, including lists of data, web sites, and projects. Unfortunately, this broadening of the definition has resultedin some confusion about the NSDI Clearinghouse, making it difficult for prospective implementers and users to knowwhat type of services to expect. The critical element of the NSDI Clearinghouse activity is the focus on distributedsearch of many locally held and managed spatial data and metadata collections, achieved through the use of commonstandards and accessible software solutions.
To address these terminology problems, the Clearinghouse Working Group will be exploring the development of analternative name for the Clearinghouse. A more focused term, such as "Distributed Spatial Catalog" or "Global SearchCapability," might help users and providers recognize the specific value and capabilities of the search component ofthe Clearinghouse. The Clearinghouse activity will continue by name, but a clearer definition of its parts andexpectations will be developed in the coming months.
**Clearinghouse Implementers Workshop Planned for NSGIC**The one-day workshop to address Clearinghouse history, status, and technical directions for existing and prospectiveClearinghouse implementers will be held in Annapolis, Maryland, September 11, 1998 immediately prior to theNational States Geographic Council (NSGIC) meeting. A summary of the workshop topics will also be presentedduring a round-table session later during the NSGIC Conference. The workshop is free and open to all interestedparties on a space-available basis. To register please contact Jennifer Fox of the FGDC Secretariat by email([email protected]) or phone 703-648-5514.
**FGDC now member of World-Wide Web Consortium**The World-Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is a not-for-profit organization established two years ago to fostercoordination and endorsement of specific Web technologies by all interested organizations. It is through efforts of theW3C that we have informal standards such as HTML that are adopted and implemented as common, rather thancompeting, standards. New Internet technologies are being designed, prototyped, and deployed within the W3C but areclosed to general public participation. Through membership, the FGDC will act as a bridge between its memberagencies and the W3C to assure that its standards and technologies are compatible. FGDC members interested inparticipating in the W3C activities on behalf of the FGDC should contact Doug Nebert ([email protected]) for moreinformation.
**Clearinghouse and the OpenGIS Consortium**The FGDC Secretariat through Doug Nebert as Clearinghouse Coordinator, is leading a team of vendors andimplementors in preparing a response to the OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) Catalog Services Specification Request ForProposals. FGDC is taking a coordination role in this activity to encourage development of OGC solutions that supportClearinghouse and are compatible with the meanings and structures of the FGDC and draft ISO metadata contentstandards. Through OGC standardization of catalog services, we anticipate increased vendor support andimplementation of these essential NSDI concepts. Initial RFP responses from proposing teams will be forwarded to theOGC for consideration in November, 1998, with anticipated passage in early 1999 as a formal OGC implementationspecification.
Upcoming Conferences (NSDI - session, MD - metadata)1998September 9-11         Americas Town Meeting                   Washington, DCSeptember 12-17        NSGIC Annual Meeting                    Annapolis, MD            NSDISeptember 23-24        '98 New York State GIS Conference       Rochester, NY            NSDISeptember 24-25        9th Annual VA GIS Conference            Richmond, VA             NSDISeptember 28-Oct 1     The Meta-Data Conference                Chicago, IL              MDNovember 6-15          GIS/LIS 98                              Ft. Worth, TX            NSDINovember 15-19         American Water Resources                Point Clear, AL          NSDI1999February 10-12         North Carolina GIS Conference           Winston-Salem, NCFebruary 17-19         5th Annual California GIS Conference    Oakland, CAMarch 13-18            ACSM 1999 Conference                    Portland, OR             NSDIApril 25-28            GITA Conference (AM/FM)                 Charlotte, NC            NSDIMay 17-21              ASPRS 1999 Conference                   Portland, OR             NSDI October 7-9            Minnesota GIS/LIS Consortium            St. Cloud, MN |
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