United States Office of Research EPA/600/R-93/187

Environmental Protection and Development December 1993

Agency (8603)

Wildlife Exposure Wildlife Exposure

Factors Handbook Factors Handbook

Appendix: Literature Appendix: Literature

Review Database Review Database

Volume II Volume II of II

EPA/600/R-93/187

December 1993

WILDLIFE EXPOSURE FACTORS

HANDBOOK

APPENDIX: LITERATURE

REVIEW DATABASE

Volume II of II

Office of Health and Environmental Assessment

Office of Research and Development

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Washington, D.C. 20460

Additional major funding for this Handbook was provided by the

Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,

Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

and by the

Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Washington, D.C. 20460
DISCLAIMER

This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products

does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

The tables in this Appendix accompany the selected species profiles provided in Chapter

2 of the Handbook. The references for each of the tables are in Chapter 2 of the Handbook

at the end of each individual species’ profile.

A-1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

A-2. TABLE FORMAT AND ABBREVIATION KEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

A-2.1. Organization of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

A-2.2. Column Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

A-2.3. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

A-3. TABLES FOR BIRDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

Great Blue Heron ............................................... A-11

Canada Goose ................................................ A-23

Mallard ...................................................... A-47

Lesser Scaup ................................................. A-61

Osprey ...................................................... A-75

Red-tailed Hawk ............................................... A-89

Bald Eagle ................................................... A-105

American Kestrel .............................................. A-125

Northern Bobwhite ............................................. A-137

American Woodcock ........................................... A-159

Spotted Sandpiper ............................................. A-169

Herring Gull .................................................. A-173

Belted Kingfisher .............................................. A-193

Marsh Wren .................................................. A-203

American Robin ............................................... A-213

A-4. TABLES FOR MAMMALS ....................................... A-225

Short-tailed Shrew ............................................. A-227

Red Fox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-235

Raccoon .................................................... A-253

Mink ....................................................... A-269

River Otter ................................................... A-281

Harbor Seal .................................................. A-295

Deer Mouse .................................................. A-309

Prairie Vole .................................................. A-329

Meadow Vole ................................................. A-339

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Muskrat ..................................................... A-351

Eastern Cottontail ............................................. A-366

A-5. TABLES FOR REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS ......................... A-381

Snapping Turtle ............................................... A-383

Painted Turtle ................................................ A-395

Eastern Box Turtle ............................................. A-413

Racer ...................................................... A-419

Northern Water Snake .......................................... A-431

Eastern Newt ................................................. A-441

Green Frog .................................................. A-453

Bullfrog ..................................................... A-461

iv