ATTACHMENT 3 

Final Recommended Text, Including Recommendations of the Hearing Officer 
Section 1 . Subsection (f)(9) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies is amended to read as follows: 

(9) The provisions of subsection (f) shall not apply to : 

(A) The use of equipment for which other requirements are specified by [subsections] 

any one of the following subsections of this section: (a) through (e)= (k) through 

W ~or (ff) through (ii) ; [ 22a-174-20(a) through (e) inclusive, subsections 22a174-20(k) through (y) inclusive,] or for which ["]reasonably available control 

technology["] is required by [subsection 22a-174-20(ee).] section 22a-174-32 of 

the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, 

(B) The spraying or other employment of insecticides, pesticides, or herbicides[.] ; or 

(C) The "emission" of "organic compounds" from coating operations where the 

"volatile organic compound" portion of the coating solvent is 20 per cent or less 

by weight. 

Sec. 2 . Subsection (g) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies are amended to read as follows : 

(g) ["Architectural coatings." 

(g)(1) On or after January 1, 1974, no "person" shall sell or offer for sale to the final user in 

containers greater than 1-quart (0.95 liter) capacity any "architectural coating" or solvent for the 

purpose of thinning or diluting any "architectural coating" unless the solvent composition is are 

nonhighly photochemically reactive, as defined in subdivision (i)(4) of this section. 

(g)(2) On or after January 1, 1975, no "person" shall employ, apply, evaporate, or dry any 

"architectural coating" purchased in containers of greater than 1- quart (0.95 liter) capacity 

unless -the solvent composition is nonhighly photochemically reactive, as defined in subdivision 

(i)(4) of this section. 

(g)(3) On or after January 1, 1975, no "person" shall thin or dilute for application any 

"architectural coating" with a highly photochemically reactive solvent as defined in subdivisions 

(i)(1) and (i)(2) of this section, purchased in containers of greater than 1-quart (0.95 liter) 

capacity .] Reserved. 

Sec 3. Subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (1) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of 

Connecticut State Agencies are amended to read as follows: 

[(f)](1) Definitions. For the purposes of this subsection : 

(A) "Air knife system" means "air knife system" as defined in 40 CFR 63.461 . 

(B) "Cold cleaning" means the batch process that involves spraying, brushing_, 

flushing or immersion to clean and remove [of cleaning and removing] soils from 

metal surfaces [by spraying, brushing or flushing with or immersing in an 

unheated] using a degreasing solvent maintained at a temperature less than the 
boiling point of the solvent. [Wipe] Neither wipe cleaning nor spray application 

equipment cleaning is [not] included in this definition . 

(C) "Continuous web cleaning machine" means "continuous web cleaning machine" 

as defined in 40 CFR 63.461 . 

(D) "Conveyorized degreasing" means the continuous process of cleaning and 

removing soils from metal surfaces by operating with either cold or vaporized 

degreasing solvents . 

(E) "Degreasing solvent" means any volatile organic compound used for metal 

cleaning. 

(F) "Freeboard height" means, for a cold cleaner, the distance from the liquid solvent 

in the degreaser tank to the lip of the tank. For an open top vapor degreaser it is 

the distance from the solvent vapor level in the tank during idling to the lip of the 

tank. For a vapor conveyorized degreaser, it is the distance from the vapor level 

to the bottom of the entrance or exit opening whichever is lower. For a cold 

conveyorized degreaser, it is the distance from the liquid solvent level to the 

bottom of the entrance or exit opening whichever is lower. 

(G) "Freeboard ratio" means the freeboard height divided by the smaller interior 

dimension (length, width or diameter) of the degreaser. 

(I) 

(J) 

"Open top vapor degreasing" means the batch process of cleaning and removing 

soils from metal surfaces by condensing hot degreasing solvent vapor on the 

colder metal parts. 

"Metal cleaning" means the process of cleaning soils from metal surfaces by cold 

cleaning or open top vapor degreasing or conveyorized degreasing. 

"Refrigerated chiller" means a device, mounted above the water jacket and the 

primary condenser coils, that consists of secondary coils which carry a 

refrigerant to provide a chilled air blanket above the solvent vapor to reduce 

emissions from the degreaser bath. The chilled air blanket temperature, 

measured at the centroid of the degreaser at the coldest point, shall be no greater 

than [thirty (30) percent] 30% of the solvent's boiling point in degrees 

Fahrenheit . 

(K) "Special and extreme solvent metal cleaning" means the use of a cold cleaning 

unit to clean metal parts where such metal parts are used: 

(i) In the research, development, manufacture and rework of electronic parts, 

assemblies, boxes, wiring harnesses, sensors and connectors used in 

aerospace service, 

(ii) In [the research, development, manufacture and rework of] manufacturing 

ozone, nitrous oxide, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, halogenated compounds 
or oxygen in concentrations greater than [twenty-three percent (23%)] 

23%, 

(iii) In the research, development, manufacture and rework of high precision 

products for which contamination must be minimized in accordance with a 

customer or other specification, or 

(iv) In a manner that exposes such metal parts to ozone, nitrous oxide, fluorine, 

chlorine, bromine, halogenated compounds or oxygen in concentrations 

greater than [twenty-three percent (23%)] 23%. 

(L) "Squeegee system" means "squeegee system" as defined in 40 CFR 63 .461 . 

[(0](2) The provisions of this subsection apply with the following exceptions[.] ; 

(A) Open top vapor degreasers with an open area smaller than one [(1)] square meter 

(10.8 square feet) are exempt from the provisions of [parts (ii), (iv) and (v) of 

subparagraph] subsection (0(4)(C) (ii) (iv) and (v) of this section; 

(B) Conveyorized degreasers with a solvent/air interface smaller than two [(2)] square 

meters (21 .6 square feet) are exempt from the provisions of [subparagraph] 

subsection (0(5)(C) ; and 

(C) Metal cleaning equipment which uses 1,1,1 trichloroethane, methylene-chloride, or 

trichlorotrifluoroethane. 

Sec 4. Subsections (p) and (q) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies are amended to read as follows : 

(P) 

(1) 

Metal furniture coating. 

Definitions . For the purpose of this [section] subsection : 

[ "Application area" means the area where the coating is applied by spraying, dipping or 

flowcoating techniques . 

"Metal furniture coating" means the surface coating of any furniture made of metal or any 

metal part which will be assembled with other metal, wood, fabric, plastic or glass parts to form 

a furniture piece.] 

"Air dried" means cured at a temperature below 90° C (194°F); 

"As applied" means the composition of coating at the time it is applied to a 

substrate including any.solvent catalyst or other substance added to the coatin g 

as supplied by the manufacturer; 

"Baked" means cured at a temperature at or above 90° C (194°F); 
"Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the control 

device to the total VOC emissions resulting from metal furniture coating and 

related cleaning, exnressed as a nercentage ; 

"Control device efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions recovered or 

destroyed by the control device to the total VOC emissions that are introduced 

into the device, expressed as a percentage; 

"Coating" means a material that is applied to a surface and that forms a 

continuous film in order to beautify or protect such surface; 

"Coating unit" means a series of one or more coating applicators and any 

associated drying, area or oven wherein a coating is applied, dried or cured. A 

"coating unit" ends at the point where the coating is dried or cured, or prior to an 

subsequent application of a different coating; 

OD "Dip coating" means a method of applying a coating to a surface by submersion 

into and removal from a coating bath; 

"Electric-insulating ~and thermal-conducting coating" means a coating that 

displays an electrical insulation of at least 1000 volts DC per mil on a flat test 

plate and an average thermal conductivity of at least 0 .27 BTU per hour-footdegree-Fahrenheit; 

"Electrostatic application" means a method of applying coating particles or 

coating droplets to a grounded surface by electrically charging such particles or 

droplets; 

"Extreme high gloss coating" means a coating that, when tested by the most 

recent active version of the American Society for Testing Material Test Method 

D523, shows a reflectance of 75 or more on a 60 degree meter; 

"Extreme performance coating" means a coating used on a metal surface where 

the coated surface is, in its intended use, subject to one of the following 

conditions : 

01 Chronic exposure to corrosive, caustic or acidic agents, chemicals, 

chemical fumes, chemical mixtures or solution, 

ii Repeated exposure to temperatures in excess of 121 .1 ° C 

(250° F)-or 

iii Repeated heavy abrasion including mechanical wear and repeated 

scrubbing with industrial grade solvents, cleaners or scouring agents ; 

, "Flow coating" means a non-atomized technique of applYing_coating to a 

substrate using a fluid nozzle in a fan pattern with no air supplied to the nozzle; 

"Heat-resistant coating" means a .coating that must withstand a temperature of at 

least 204 .5°_C( 400 ° F) durin~ normal use; 
"HVLP spray application" means to apply a coating using a hia-volume, lowpressure spray application system that is designed to operate at air pressures 

between 0.1 and 10 pounds per square inch gauge, measured dynamically at the 

center of the air cap and the air horns; 

P~ "Metal furniture coating" means the application of a surface coating to any 

furniture made of metal or any metal part that will be assembled with other metal, 

wood, fabric, plastic or glass parts to form a furniture piece; 

"Metallic coating" means a coating that contains more than five grams of metal 

particle per liter of coating, as-applied ; 

R "Multi-component coating" means a coating requiring the addition of a separate 

reactive resin, such as a catalyst or hardener, before application to form an 

acceptable film; 

"One-component coating" means a coating that is ready for application as 

packaged for sale except for the addition of a thinner to reduce the viscosity; 

_"Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

control device efficiency; 

U "Pretreatment coating" means a coating, containing no more than 12% solids by 

weight and at least one-half percent acid by weight applied directly to metal 

surfaces to urovide surface etching, adhesion and ease when stripping; 

~V "Repair coating" means a coating used to recoat portions of a product that has 

sustained mechanical damage to the coating following normal paintin 

operations ; 

~W "Roll coating" means a coating method using a machine that applies coating to a 

substrate by continuously transferring coating through a set of op ositely rotating 

rollers : 

characteristic, such as color, to indicate unsafe conditions ; 

"Safety-indicatin 

~Y "Solar-absorbent coating" means a coating that has as its prime purpose the 

absorption of solar radiation ; 

"Solid-film lubricant" means a very thin coating consisting of a binder system 

containing as its chief pigment material one or more of molybdenum disulfide 

graphite polytetrafluoroethylene or other solids that act as a dry lubricant 

between faying surfaces ; and 

LAA~ "Stencil coating" means an ink or a coating that is rolled or brushed onto a 

template or stamp to add identi ing letters or numbers to metal parts or Aroducts . 
[(2) The owner or operator of a metal furniture coating line shall not cause or permit the discharge into the atmosphere of any volatile organic compounds from any coating in excess of 0.36 kilograms per liter of coating (3 .0 pounds per gallon), excluding water and exempt volatile organic compounds listed in 40 CFR 51 .100(s) as amended from time to time, delivered to the coating applicator from prime and topcoat or single coat operations .] 

[(3)] 0 Applicability . 

The provisions of this subsection apply to : 

An owner or operator of any premises that has actual emissions of VOC of at least [fifteen (] 15 [)] pounds per day [or more in any one day] from 

metal furniture [operations] coating and related cleaning-prior to the use 

of controls, or 

01 

An owner or operator that became subject to this subsection on and after 

October 1, 1989. [After October l, 1989 any premises, which is or 

becomes subject to the provisions of this subsection, shall remain subject 

to the provisions of this subsection regardless of the daily actual 

emissions. Notwithstanding the above, the owner or operator of any piece 

of equipment that was not required to meet control requirements by this 

subsection prior to October 1, 1989, shall have until October 1, 1990, to 

comply with the control requirements of this subsection for that piece of 

equipment.] 

(11) 

Any owner or operator conducting metal furniture coating shall: 

01 Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1 

2011 or, for a source commencing operation after January 1 2011 the 

date on which the source commences operation and 

ii Remain subject to this subsection regardless of actual daily VOC 

emissions. 

(D Exemptions and exceptions 

(A) The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to the following coatings 

lubricant: 

i 

iii 

iv 

vi 

Stencil coating, 

Safety-indicatin coating, 

Solid-film lubricant 

Electric-insulating and thermal-conducting coating, 

Touch-up and repair coating or 

Coating applied with a hand-held aerosol can. 

or 
An owner or operator of a metal furniture coating unit operating in accordance 

with subdivision (5) of this subsection is exempt from any obligation to comply 

with subsection (bbj of this section. 

The requirements of subdivision (4) shall not apply to a person using air pollution 

control equipment to comply with subdivision (5) of this subsection . 

Application methods. A person shall not apply a VOC-containing coating to any metal 

farniture or metal furniture part unless the coating is applied by one of the following methods 

using equipment operated in accordance with the specifications of the equipment manufacturer: 

(B) 

Electrostatic application; 

Flow coating; 

Dip coating= 

Roll coating; 

HVLP spray application; 

Hand application; or 

Any other coating application method cLapable of achieving a transfer efficiencv 

equivalent to or better than that provided y HVLP s rt~ ay application. 

Compliance options. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection no owner 

or operator of a metal furniture coating unit shall apply any coating inclusive of any VOCcontaining materials added to the original coating_supylied by the manufacturer, unless the owner 

or operator uses one of the following methods to limit emissions of VOCs: 

CA) Use only coatings with an as-applied VOC content no greater than the level 

specified in Table 20(p)-1, according to coating category and drying method. The 

VOC content limits of Table 20(p)- 1 apply to the volume of coating as-applied, 

less water and less exempt VOC; 

Install, operate and maintain according to the manufacturer's recommendations 

air pollution control equipment that reduces uncontrolled VOC emissions to the 

atmosphere from a coating unit by an overall control efficiency of at least 90%; or 

An alternative means, achieving a level of control equivalent to subparagMh (A) 

or (B) of this subdivision, requested from and approved by the commissioner in 

accordance with subsection (cc) of this section. 

(6) Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

New and used VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent including _a coating 

mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent non-leaking container. 
Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when the container is 

being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

Spills and leaks of VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be 

minimized. Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent 

shall be absorbed and removed immediately-, 

Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOCcontaining coatings or cleaning solvent, shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, 

non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; and 

VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one location 

to another in a closed container or pine. 

Table 20(p)-1 . As-Applied VOC Content Limits Per Volume of Coating (Excluding Water 

and Exempt VOCI .per Coating Category, Specific to the Drying Process 

Coating Category Ba ked Air Dried 

1~L Ib/gal /grL Ib/gal 

General one com onent _275 2_.3 _275 _2 .3 

General multi-component _275 _2 .3 _340 _2 .8 

Extreme high loss _360 _3 .0 _340 _2 .8 

Extreme performance _360 _3 .0 _420 _3 .5 

Heat-resistant _360 _3 .0 _420 _3 .5 

Metallic _420 _3 .5 _420 _3 .5 

Pretreatment _420 _3 .5 _420 _3 .5 

Solar-absorbent 360 3 .0 420 3 .5 

Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessarY for 

the commissioner to determine compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection . 

All records shall be : 

Made available to the commissioner to inspect and_ copy upon request; 

Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; and 

As described in subsection (aa)(1) through (9) of this section . 

An owner or operator of a metal furniture coating unit operating under a valid order 

issued pursuant to subsection (cc)(2) of this section or a valid permit issued pursuant to 

subsection (cc)(3) of this section shall operate as required in such order or permit, regardless of 

the requirements of this subsection. 
(q) [Paper coating.] Paper, film and foil coating. 

(1) Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection: 

["Knife coating" means the application of a coating material to a substrate by means of drawing 

the substrate beneath a knife that spreads the coating evenly over the full width of the substrate . 

"Paper coating" means coatings put on paper and pressure sensitive tapes regardless of substrate 

by knife, roll or rotogravure coating. Related web coating processes on plastic film and 

decorative, protective or functional coatings on metal foil are included in this definition. 

"Roll coating" means the application of a coating material to a substrate across the entire width 

of a web by means of hard rubber or steel rolls. 

"Rotogravure coating" means the application of a coating material to a substrate by means of a 

roll coating technique in which the pattern to be applied is etched on the coating roll . The coating 

material is picked up in these recessed areas and is transferred to the substrate. 

(2) The owner or operator of a paper coating facility shall not cause or permit the discharge 

into the atmosphere of any volatile organic compounds from any coating in excess of 0.35 

kilograms per liter of coating (2.9 pounds per gallon), excluding water and exempt volatile 

organic compounds listed in 40 CFR 51 .100(s) as amended from time to time, delivered to the 

coating applicator from a paper coating line .] 

"As-applied" means the composition of coating at the time it is applied to a 

substrate, including M solvent, catalyst or other substance added to the coatin,g 

as supplied by the manufacturer ; 

"Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the control 

device to the total VOC emissions resulting from p.aper, film and foil coating and 

related cleaning, expressed as a_percentage- 

"Coating" means a material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for 

decorative, protective, or functional .purposes. A material used to form an 

unsupported substrate, such as vinyl sheeting, blown film cast film or extruded 

film, is not considered a "coating;" 

"Coating line" means a series of coating applicators flash-off areas and any 

associated curing o, r drying equipment between one or more unwind or feed 

stations and one or more rewind or cuttiniz stations ; 

"Control device efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions recovered or 

destroyed by the control device to the total VOC emissions that are introduced 

into the device, expressed as a percentage ; 

"Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

control device efficiency; 

"Paper, film and foil coating" means the application of a continuous layer of 

coating across the width or any portion of the width of a_paper film or foil 
10 

substrate to create a _functional or protective layer; saturate a substrate for 

lamination; or provide adhesion between two substrates for lamination ; 

H~ "Pressure sensitive adhesive" means adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is 

applied, without activation via solvent, water or heat; and 

"Pressure sensitive tape and label coating," means the application of a pressure 

sensitive adhesive to a paper, film or foil substrate. 

[(3)] Q Applicability. 

The provisions of this subsection apply to : 

An owner or operator of any premises that has actual emissions of VOC of 

at least [fifteen (15)] 15 pounds (6 .8 kilograms) per day [or more in any 

one day] from paper, film and foil coating and related cleaning 

[operations] , prior to the use of controls, or 

ii An owner or operator conducting _paper, film and foil coating that became 

subiect to this subsection on and after October 1, 1989. [After October l, 

1989 any premises that is or becomes subject to the provisions of this 

subsection shall remain subject to the provisions of this subsection 

regardless of the daily actual emissions. Notwithstanding the above, the 

owner or operator of any piece of equipment that was not required to meet 

control requirements by this subsection prior to October 1, 1989, shall 

have until October 1, 1990, to comply with the control requirements of 

this subsection for that piece of equipment.] 

&y owner or operator conducting~paper, film and foil coating shall : 

01 Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than JanuM l 

2011 or, for a source commencing operation after January 1, 2011, the 

date on which the source commences operation, and 

ii Remain subject to this subsection regardless of actual daily VOC 

emissions. 

[(4) The provisions of this subsection do not apply to any coating line with a continuous web 

that has both paper coating and printing stations and that is subject to the requirements of section 

22a-174-20(v) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies.] 

Exemptions and exceptions . 

The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to the following activities: 

Coating performed on any coating line that has both paper coating and 

printing ,stations and that is conducted pursuant to subsection (v) of this 

section, 
11 

ii The qpylication of sizing or water-based clays in association with the use 

of a payermaking machine, or 

iii The qpplication of inks coatings or adhesives in association with flexible 

package printing conducted Pursuant to subsection (ff) of this section or 

offset lithographic or letterpress printing conducted pursuant to subsection 

(gg) of this section. 

B~ An owner or operator of M ap per film and foil coating line operating in 

compliance with subdivisions (4) and (5) of this subsection is exemt~t from any 

obligation to comply with subsection (bb) of this section. 

f 4~ Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection or except for paper, film and foil 

coating subject to subdivision (5) of this subsection only coatings with an as-applied VOC 

_content less than or equal to 350 grams per liter of coating, excluding the volume of any water 

and exempt compounds shall be used for paper, film and foil coating. 

Additional requirements. The owner and overator of any paper, film and foil coating line 

with a potential to emit greater than 25 tons per year, prior to the use of controls, shall use one. of 

the following _methods to control emissions of VOCs: 

LAI Use only coatings that individually meet the applicable VOC emission limit of 

subparagraph (A)(i) or (A)(ii) of this subdivision or use only coatings so that the 

daily weighted average of the VOC content of all coatings used on a single 

coating line meets the VOC emission limit of subparagraph (A)(i) of this 

subdivision: 

Cil For all coatings except pressure sensitive tape and label coatings, use only 

coatings that result in VOC emissions no greater than 0 .35 kilograms of 

VOC per kilogram of coating solids applied, or 

ii For pressure sensitive tape and label coatings use only coatings that result 

in VOC emissions no greater than 0.20 kilograms of VOC per kilogram of 

coating solids applied; 

Install operate and maintain according to the manufacturer's recommendations 

air pollution control equipment that reduces uncontrolled VOC emissions to the 

atmosphere from a coating line by an overall control efficiency of at least 90%; or 

An alternative means achieving a level of control equivalent to subparagraph (A) 

of this subdivision requested from and approved by the commissioner in 

accordance with subsection (cc) of this section. 

06 Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

New and used VOC-containin 

mixed on the premises shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. 

Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when the container is 

being filled emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 
12 

Spills and leaks of VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be 

minimized. An leaked or spilled VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent 

shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

~C,) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOC 

_contaimna coating or cleaning solvent shall be stored in a closed nonabsorbent 

non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; and 

VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one location 

to another in a closed container or pipe 

Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessary for the commissioner to determine compliance with the a licable requirements of this subsection . All records shall be: 

Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy ppon request-, 

ffl) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; and 

As described in subsection (aa)(1) through (9) of this section. 

An owner or operator of a naper, film and foil coating line operating under a valid order issued pursuant to subsection (ec)(2) of this section or a valid permit issued pursuant to 

subsection (cc)(3) of this section shall operate as required in such order or permit regardless of the requirements of this subsection. 

Sec 5. Subdivision (2)(B) of subsection (s) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of 

Connecticut State Agencies is amended to read as follows : 

(B) Miscellaneous metal parts and products excludes the following items: 

(i) automobiles and light duty trucks, 

(ii) metal cans, 

(iii) flat metal sheets and strips in the form of rolls or coils, 

(iv) plastic and glass objects, 

(v) magnet wire for use in electrical machinery, 

(vi) metal furniture, 

(vii) the exterior surface of assembled aircraft, 

(viii) automobile refinishing, 

(ix) customized top coating of automobiles and trucks, if production is less 

than 5 vehicles per day, [and] 
13 

(x) the exterior surface of assembled marine vessels[.] , and 

xi large appliance parts subject to subsection (hh) of this section. 

Sec 6. Subsection (ee) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies is amended to read as follows: 

(ee) Reasonably Available Control Technology for large sources. The owner or operator 

of any premises with potential emissions of volatile organic compounds shall use Reasonably 

Available Control Technology in accordance with the provisions of section 22a-174-32 of the 

Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies on each source to limit the discharge of volatile 

organic compounds unless all the sources emitting volatile organic compounds at such premises 

are regulated by: 

(1) [subsections (a), (b) or (0 through (y), inclusive, of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations 

of Connecticut State Agencies;] any one of the following subsections of section 22a-174-20 of 

the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies : a), (b), (n through (y) or (ffl through (jj) ; 

(2) section 22a-174-30 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies; or 

(3) an order to implement reasonably available control technology issued by the 

Commissioner pursuant to this subsection prior to November 15, 1992 and approved by the 

Administrator prior to May 31, 1995. An order or permit to limit potential emissions of volatile 

organic compounds to less than 100 tons per year for any twelve (12) consecutive months shall 

not be considered an order to implement Reasonably Available Control Technology. 

Sec. 7. Section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies is amended by 

adding subsections (ff), (gg), (hh), (ii) and (jj), as follows: 

(NEW) 

(ff) Flexible package printing. 

(1) Definitions . For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the control 

device to the total VOC emissions resulting from operation of a flexible package 

printing press and related cleaning, expressed as a percentage ; 

(B) "Cleaning" means, with respect to a flexible package printing press or presses, 

cleaning of a press or press parts or the removal of dried ink from areas around 

the press. "Cleaning" does not include cleaning of electronic components, 

cleaning in platemaking or binding operations, housekeeping activity near a press 

or the use of a parts washer or cold cleaner; 

(C) "Control device efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions recovered or 

destroyed by the control device to the total VOC emissions that are introduced 

into the device, expressed as a percentage; 

) "Flexible package" means any package or part of a package the shape of which 

may be readily changed. A "flexible package" may be in the form of a bag, 
14 

pouch, liner or wrap made of paper, plastic, film, aluminum foil, or metalized or 

coated film or paper, alone or in combination. None of the following are 

considered a "flexible package": a folding carton, self adhesive labels, gift wrap, 

wall covering, vinyl products, decorative laminates, floor coverings or tissue 

products; 

(E) "Flexographic print station" means a work station on which a flexographic 

printing operation is conducted. A flexographic print station includes a 

flexographic printing plate and an image carrier made of rubber or other 

elastomeric material . The image to be printed is raised above the printing plate; 

) "Installation date" means the first date on which a piece of equipment is in place 

and prepared to operate. The "installation date" does not change if the equipment 

is moved to a new location at the same premises; 

(G) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

control device efficiency; 

) 

(1) 

(J) 

"Press" means a printing production assembly that is composed of one or more 

work stations, one or more of which is a flexographic or rotogravure print station, 

and that produces a printed product; 

"Rotogravure print station" means a work station on which a rotogravure printing 

operation is conducted. A rotogravure print station includes a cylinder and ink 

supply . The image to be printed is etched or engraved below the surface of the 

cylinder; and 

"Work station" means a unit on a press where material is deposited onto a 

substrate. 

(2) Applicability. 

(A) The provisions of this subsection apply to the owner or operator of any flexible 

package printing press who purchases for the printing operation at least 855 

gallons of coatings, adhesives, cleaning solvents and solvent-based inks in 

aggregate per any rolling 12-month period . Any owner or operator of a flexible 

package printing press shall : 

(i) Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 

2011 or, for a source commencing operation after January 1, 2011, the 

date on which the source commences operation, and 

(ii) Remain subject to this subsection; and 

(B) Any flexible package printing press operated pursuant to this subsection shall not 

be subject to subsection (v) of this section. 

Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 
15 

(A) New and used VOC-containing ink, coating, adhesive or cleaning solvent, 

including ink or coating mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, 

non-leaking container. Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except 

when the container is being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of VOC-containing ink, coating, adhesive or cleaning solvent 

shall be minimized. Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing ink, coating or 

cleaning solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOCcontaining ink, coating, adhesive or solvent, shall be stored in a closed, 

nonabsorbent, non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; and 

(D) VOC-containing ink, coating, adhesive and cleaning solvent shall be conveyed 

from one location to another in a closed container or pipe. 

(4) Additional requirements. The owner or operator of a flexible package printing press that 

has the potential to emit from the dryer, prior to controls, of at least 25 tons per year of VOC 

from the use of inks, coatings and adhesives combined shall, in addition to complying with the 

requirements of subdivision (3) of this subsection, use one of the following methods to control 

VOC emissions from such a press: 

(A) Use only individual inks, coatings and adhesives with an as-applied VOC content 

that does not exceed 0 .8 kg VOC/kg of solids (0.8 lb VOC/lb of solids) or 0.16 kg 

VOC/kg of materials (0.161b VOC/lb of materials); 

(B) Use only inks, coatings and adhesives so that the daily weighted average of the 

VOC content of the inks, coatings and adhesives used in a single printing line 

does not exceed 0.8 kg VOC/kg of solids (0.81b VOC/lb of solids) or 0.16 kg 

VOC/kg of materials (0.161b VOC/lb of materials); or 

(C) Install, operate and maintain in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations, a capture and a control device that produce the overall control 

efficiency identified in Table 20(ff)-1, according to the date of installation of the 

press being controlled and the installation date of the air pollution control 

equipment. 

(5) Records. 

(A) An owner or operator of any flexible package printing press shall maintain 

records of the information necessary for the commissioner to determine 

compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection . All such records 

shall be : 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created. 
16 

(B) An owner or operator of a flexible package printing press that meets or exceeds 

the applicability threshold of subdivision (2) of this subsection shall maintain 

daily records of all inks, coatings, adhesives or cleaning solvents used, as follows: 

(i) 

(ii) 

Name and description of each ink, coating, adhesive or cleaning solvent, 

VOC content of each ink, coating, adhesive or cleaning solvent, asapplied, and the associated calculations . As-applied VOC content shall be 

determined using an EPA reference method, a California Air Resources 

Board reference method or other method approved by the commissioner, 

(iii) VOC content of each ink, coating, adhesive or cleaning solvent, as 

supplied, 

(iv) The amount of each ink, coating, adhesive or cleaning solvent, 

(v) A Material Safety Data Sheet for each ink, coating, adhesive or cleaning 

solvent, 

(vi) Documentation of control device efficiency and capture efficiency, if 

applicable, using an applicable EPA reference method or alternate method 

as approved by the commissioner, and 

(vii) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control 

equipment, if applicable. 

Installation date of press Installation date of the air pollution control 

device 

Overall control 

efficiency 

Prior to March 14, 1995 Prior to January 1, 2011 65 

Prior to March 14, 1995 On or after January 1, 2011 70 

On or after March 14, 1995 Prior to January 1, 2011 75 

On or after March 14, 1995 On or after January 1, 2011 80 

(gg) 

(C) The owner or operator of any flexible package printing press for which the 12-

month rolling aggregate of materials purchased for the printing operation is below 

the applicability threshold of this subsection shall maintain material purchase 

records to verify that the applicability threshold is not exceeded. 

Offset lithographic printing and letterpress printing 

(1) Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the control 

device to the total VOC emissions resulting from offset lithographic or letterpress 

printing and related cleaning, expressed as a percentage ; 

Table 20 f -1. Overall control efficienc levels 

(B) "Cleaning solvent" means a VOC-containing liquid used to remove ink and debris 

from the operating surfaces of the printing press and its parts; 
17 

(C) "Coldset" or "non-heatset" means a printing process in which the ink dries on the 

substrate through ordinary evaporation and absorption; 

(D) "Control device efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions recovered or 

destroyed by the control device to the total VOC emissions that are introduced 

into the device, expressed as a percentage ; 

(E) "Fountain solution" means, with respect to offset lithographic printing, a waterbased solution that contains small amounts of gum Arabic or synthetic resins, 

acids, buffer salts and a wetting agent or dampening aid applied to the image plate 

to reduce the surface tension of the solution; 

(F) "Heatset" means a printing process in which ink is set by the evaporation of ink 

solvents or oils in a hot air dryer; 

(G) 

) 

(1) 

(J) 

"Letterpress printing" means a printing process in which the image area is raised 

relative to the non-image area, and the paste ink is transferred to the substrate 

directly from the image surface; 

"Lithographic printing" means a printing process in which the image and nonimage areas are chemically differentiated, i.e ., the image area is oil receptive and 

the non-image area is water receptive; 

"Offset lithographic printing" means a type of lithographic printing in which an 

ink film is applied to a lithographic plate and then transferred to an intermediary 

surface or blanket. The image on the blanket is then transferred to a substrate, 

typically paper or paperboard; 

"Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

control device efficiency; 

(K) "Press" means a printing production assembly composed of one or more units 

used to produce a printed substrate including any associated coating, spray 

powder application or infrared heating units; 

(L) "Sheet-fed printing" means, with respect to offset lithographic printing, a process 

in which individual sheets of paper or other substrate are fed to the press; 

(M) 

) 

"VOC composite partial vapor pressure" means the sum of the partial pressure of 

the compounds defined as VOCs; and 

"Web printing" means, with respect to offset lithographic printing, a process 

where continuous rolls of substrate material are fed to the press and rewound or 

cut to size after printing . 

(2) Applicability. The provisions of this subsection apply to the owner or operator of any 

offset lithographic or letterpress printing press who purchases for the printing operation at least 

855 gallons of cleaning solvents, fountain solution additives and solvent-based inks in aggregate 
18 

per any rolling 12-month period. Any owner or operator of an offset lithographic or a letterpress 

printing press shall: 

(A) Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 2011 or, 

for a source that commences operation after January 1, 2011, the date on which 

the source commences operation; and 

(B) Remain subject to this subsection . 

(3) Fountain solutions. 

(A) The owner or operator of a heatset web offset lithographic printing press with a 

fountain solution reservoir of at least one gallon in capacity shall: 

(i) Limit the as-applied VOC content of the fountain solution to 1 .6% by 

weight or less, 

(ii) If the fountain solution is refrigerated to below 60°F, limit the as-applied 

VOC content of the fountain solution to 3°lo by weight or less, or 

(iii) Use fountain solution that contains no alcohol and limit the alcohol 

substitute content of the fountain solution to 5% by weight or less . 

(B) The owner of a sheet-fed offset lithographic printing press with a minimum sheet 

size of greater than 11x17 inches and a fountain solution reservoir greater than 

one gallon in capacity shall : 

(i) Limit the as-applied VOC content of the fountain solution to 5% by 

weight or less, 

(ii) If the fountain solution is refrigerated to below 60°F, limit the as-applied 

VOC content of the fountain solution to 8.5% or less, or 

(iii) Use fountain solution that contains no alcohol and limit the alcohol 

substitute content of the fountain solution to 5% by weight or less . 

(C) The owner of a coldset web offset lithographic printing press with a fountain 

solution reservoir of at least one gallon in capacity shall use a fountain solution 

that contains no alcohol and that has an alcohol substitute content of 5% by 

weight or less . 

(4) Heatset web offset litho -g-raphic printing or heatset letterpress printing . Except heatset 

presses for book printing or heatset presses with a web width of 22 inches or less, the owner or 

operator of a heatset web offset lithographic or heatset letterpress printing press with the 

potential to emit at least 25 tons per year of VOC emissions from all dryers, prior to controls, 

shall operate air pollution control equipment to: 

(A) Achieve a 90% overall control efficiency if the air pollution control equipment is 

installed prior to January 1, 2011 ; 
19 

(B) Achieve a 95% overall control efficiency if the air pollution control equipment is 

installed on or after January 1, 2011 ; or 

(C) Reduce the control device outlet concentration to 20 parts per million as hexane 

on a dry basis if the inlet VOC concentration is so low that the control efficiency 

specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision cannot be achieved. 

(5) Cleaning solvents . The owner or operator of an offset lithographic printing press or 

letterpress printing press: 

(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision, shall use cleaning 

solvents that: 

(i) Have composite vapor pressure less than 10 mmHg at 20°C, or 

(ii) Have a VOC content less than 70% by weight; and 

(B) May in any twelve-month period use no more than 110 gallons of cleaning 

solvent that does not comply with subparagraph (A) of this subdivision. 

(6) Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices : 

(A) New and used VOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvent, 

including solvents mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, nonleaking container. Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when 

the container is being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of VOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvent 

shall be minimized. Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing ink, fountain solution 

or cleaning solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOCcontaining ink, fountain solution or cleaning solvent, shall be stored in a closed, 

nonabsorbent, non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; and 

(D) VOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvents shall be conveyed 

from one location to another in a closed container or pipe. 

(7) Records . 

(A) An owner or operator of any offset lithographic or letterpress printing press shall 

maintain records of the information necessary for the commissioner to determine 

compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection . All such records 

shall be: 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created. 
20 

) An owner or operator of an offset lithographic or a letterpress printing press that 

meets or exceeds the applicability threshold of subdivision (2) of this subsection 

shall maintain daily records of all cleaning solvents, fountain solution additives or 

solvent-based inks used, as follows: 

(i) Name and description of each cleaning solvent, fountain solution additive 

or solvent-based ink, 

(ii) VOC content of each cleaning solvent, fountain solution additive or 

solvent-based ink, as-applied, and the associated calculations. As-applied 

VOC content shall be determined using an EPA reference method, a 

California Air Resources Board reference method or other method 

approved by the commissioner, 

(iii) VOC content of each cleaning solvent, fountain solution additive or 

solvent-based ink, as supplied, 

(iv) The amount of each cleaning solvent, fountain solution additive or 

solvent-based ink, 

(v) A Material Safety Data Sheet for each cleaning solvent, fountain solution 

additive or solvent-based ink, 

(vi) Documentation of control device efficiency and capture efficiency, if 

applicable, using an applicable EPA reference method or alternate method 

as approved by the commissioner, and 

(vii) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control 

equipment, if applicable . 

(C) The owner or operator of any offset lithographic or letterpress printing press for 

which the 12-month rolling aggregate of materials purchased for the printing 

operation is below the applicability threshold of this subsection shall maintain 

material purchase records to verify that the applicability threshold of this 

subsection is not exceeded. 

(hh) Large appliance coatings. 

(1) Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Air dried" means cured at a temperature below 90° C (194°F); 

(B) "As-applied" means the composition of coating at the time it is applied to a 

surface, including any solvent, catalyst or other substance added to the coating as 

supplied by the manufacturer; . 

(C) "Baked" means cured at a temperature at or above 90°C (194°F); 
21 

) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to control 

device to the total VOC emissions resulting from large appliance coating and 

related cleaning, expressed as a percentage ; 

(E) "Cleaning solvent" means any VOC-containing liquid used in cleaning a large 

appliance coating operation; 

(F) "Coating" means a material that is applied to a surface and that forms a 

continuous film in order to beautify or protect such surface; 

(G) "Coating unit" means a series of one or more coating applicators and any 

associated drying area or oven wherein a coating is applied, dried or cured. A 

"coating unit" ends at the point where the coating is dried or cured, or prior to any 

subsequent application of a different coating; 

(H) 

(1) 

(J) 

"Control device efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions recovered or 

destroyed by the control device to the total VOC emissions that are introduced 

into the device, expressed as a percentage; 

"Dip coating" means a method of applying a coating to a surface by submersion 

into and removal from a coating bath; 

"Electrostatic application" means a method of applying coating particles or 

coating droplets to a grounded surface by electrically charging such particles or 

droplets ; 

(K) "Extreme high gloss coating" means a coating that, when tested by the most 

recent active version of the American Society for Testing Material Test Method 

D523, shows a reflectance of 75 or more on a 60 degree meter; 

(L) "Extreme performance coating" means a coating used on a metal surface where 

the coated surface is, in its intended use, subject to one of the following 

conditions : 

(i) 

(M) 

) 

Chronic exposure to corrosive, caustic or acidic agents, chemicals, 

chemical fumes, chemical mixtures or solution, 

(ii) Repeated exposure to temperatures in excess of 121 .1 °C (250°F), or 

(iii) Repeated heavy abrasion, including mechanical wear and repeated 

scrubbing with industrial grade solvents, cleaners or scouring agents ; 

"Flow coating" means a non-atomized technique of applying coating to a 

substrate using a fluid nozzle in a fan pattern with no air supplied to the nozzle ; 

"Heat-resistant coating" means a coating that must withstand a temperature of at 

least 400° F during normal use; 

(O) "HVLP spray application" means to apply a coating using a high-volume, lowpressure application system that is designed to operate at air pressures between 
22 

(P) 

(Q) 

0.1 and 10 pounds per square inch gauge, measured dynamically at the center of 

the air cap and the air horns; 

"Large appliance coating" means the application of a coating to a large appliance 

part or product during manufacture; 

"Large appliance part" means any surface-coated metal lid, door, casing, panel or 

other interior or exterior metal part or accessory that is assembled to form a large 

appliance product; 

(R) "Large appliance product" means any surface-coated large appliance including, 

but not limited to, a metal range, oven, microwave oven, refrigerator, freezer, 

washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater or trash compactor manufactured for 

household, commercial or recreational use; 

(S) "Metallic coating" means a coating that contains more than five grams of metal 

particle per liter of coating, as-applied; 

(T) "Multi-component coating" means a coating requiring the addition of a separate 

reactive resin, such as a catalyst or hardener, before application to form an 

acceptable dry film; 

) "One-component coating" means a coating that is ready for application as 

packaged for sale, except for the addition of a thinner to reduce the viscosity; 

(V) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

control device efficiency; 

(w) "Pretreatment coating" means a coating, containing no more than 12% solids by 

weight and at least one-half percent acid by weight, applied directly to metal 

surfaces to provide surface etching, adhesion and ease when stripping; 

(X) "Repair coating" means a coating used to recoat portions of a product that has 

sustained mechanical damage to the coating following normal painting 

operations ; 

(Y) "Roll coating" means a coating method using a machine that applies coating to a 

substrate by continuously transferring coating through a set of oppositely rotating 

rollers; 

(Z) "Stencil coating" means an ink or a coating that is rolled or brushed onto a 

template or stamp to add identifying letters or numbers to metal parts or products ; 

(AA) "Solar-absorbent coating" means a coating which has, as its primary purpose, the 

absorption of solar radiation; and 

(BB) "Touch-up coating" means a coating used to cover minor coating imperfections 

appearing after the main coating operation. 
23 

(2) Applicability . Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, the provisions of 

this subsection apply to an owner or operator of any large appliance coating unit who purchases 

for the coating operation at least 855 gallons of coatings and cleaning solvents in aggregate per 

any rolling 12-month period . Any such owner or operator shall: 

(A) Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 2011 or, 

for a source commencing operation after January 1, 2011, the date on which the 

source commences construction ; and 

(B) Remain subject to this subsection . 

(3) Exemptions and exceptions . 

(A) The requirements of subdivision (5) of this subsection shall not apply to the 

following: 

(i) Stencil coating, 

(ii) Safety-indicating coating, 

(iii) Solid-film lubricant, 

(iv) Electric-insulating and thermal-conducting coating, 

(v) Touch-up and repair coating, or . 

(vi) Coating applied with a hand-held aerosol can. 

The requirements of subdivision (4) shall not apply to a person using air pollution 

control equipment, as specified in subdivision (5)(B), to comply with the 

requirements of this subsection . 

(4) Application methods. A person shall not apply a VOC-containing coating to any large 

appliance part or product unless the coating is applied by one of the following methods using 

equipment operated in accordance with the specifications of the equipment manufacturer : 

(A) Electrostatic application; 

(B) Flow coating; 

(C) Dip coating; 

(D) Roll coating; 

(E) HVLP spray application; 

(F) Hand application; or 

(G) Any other coating application method capable of achieving a transfer efficiency 

equivalent to or better than that provided by HVLP spray application. Any owner 
24 

or operator using an application method pursuant to this subparagraph shall 

maintain records demonstrating the transfer efficiency achieved. 

(5) Compliance options. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, on and 

after January 2011, no owner or operator conducting large appliance coating shall apply any 

coating, inclusive of any VOC-containing materials added to the original coating supplied by the 

manufacturer, unless the owner or operator uses one of the following methods to control 

emissions of VOCs: 

(A) Use only coatings with an as-applied VOC content no greater than the levels 

specified in Table 20(hh)-1, according to coating category and drying method, 

where: 

(i) The VOC content limits of Table 20(hh)-1 apply to the volume of coating 

as-applied, less water and less exempt VOC, and 

(ii) The VOC content limits of Table 20(hh)-1 may be met by averaging the 

VOC content of materials used on a single large appliance coating unit per 

a single day; 

(B) Install, operate and maintain in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations, a capture and a control device that produce an overall control 

efficiency of 90%; or 

(C) With the approval of the commissioner and the Administrator, use an alternative 

means to achieve a level of control equivalent to that required in subparagraph 

(A) or (B) of this subdivision. An owner or operator shall submit a request to the 

commissioner and the Administrator to use an alternative means of compliance, 

and such request shall include: 

(i) A description of the method, 

(ii) A demonstration of the level of emissions control achieved, and 

(iii) Any other information requested by the commissioner or the 

Administrator. 

(6) Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices : 

(A) New and used VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent, including a coating 

mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. 

Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when the container is 

being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be 

minimized. Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent 

shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 
25 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with a VOCcontaining coating or cleaning solvent, shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, 

non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; and 

(D) VOC-containing coating and cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one 

location to another in a closed container or pipe . 

Table 20(hh)-1 . As-Applied VOC Content Limits Per Volume of Coating 

(Excluding Water and Exempt VOCs) per Coating Category, Specific to 

Coating Category Baked Air Dried 

g/L lb/gal g/I. lb/gal 

General, one component 275 2.3 275 2.3 

General, multi-component 275 2.3 340 2.8 

Extreme high gloss 360 3 .0 340 2 .8 

Extreme performance 360 3 .0 420 3 .5 

Heat-resistant 360 3.0 420 3 .5 

Metallic 420 3 .5 420 3 .5 

Pretreatment 420 3 .5 420 3 .5 

Solar-absorbent 360 3 .0 420 3 .5 

(7) Records. 

(A) An owner or operator of any large appliance coating unit shall maintain records of 

the information necessary for the commissioner to determine compliance with the 

applicable requirements of this subsection . All such records shall be: 

Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created. 

(i) 

(B) An owner or operator of a large appliance coating unit that meets or exceeds the 

applicability threshold of subdivision (2) of this subsection shall maintain daily 

records of all coatings and cleaning solvents used, as follows : 

(i) Name and description of each coating or cleaning solvent, 

(ii) VOC content of each coating or cleaning solvent, as-applied, and the 

associated calculations . As-applied VOC content shall be determined 

using an EPA reference method, a California Air Resources Board 

reference method or other method approved by the commissioner, 

(iii) VOC content of each coating or cleaning solvent, as supplied, 

the Drying Process 
26 

(ii) 

(1) 

(iv) The amount of each coating or cleaning solvent, 

(v) A Material Safety Data Sheet for each coating or cleaning solvent, 

(vi) Documentation of control device efficiency and capture efficiency, if 

applicable, using an applicable EPA reference method or alternate method 

as approved by the commissioner, and 

(vii) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control 

equipment, if applicable. 

(C) The owner or operator of any large appliance coating unit for which the 12-month 

rolling aggregate of materials purchased for the coating operation is below the 

applicability threshold of this subsection shall maintain material purchase records to verify that the applicability threshold is not exceeded. 

Industrial solvent cleaning. 

Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the control 

device to the total VOC emissions resulting from industrial solvent cleaning, 

expressed as a percentage; 

(B) "Cleaning solvent" means any VOC-containing liquid, including a liquid 

impregnated wipe or towelette, used in cleaning; 

(C) "Control device efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions recovered or 

destroyed by the control device to the total VOC emissions that are introduced 

into the device, expressed as a percentage; 

(D) "Industrial solvent cleaning" means the use of cleaning solvent to remove uncured 

adhesives, uncured inks, uncured coatings or contaminants such as dirt, soil or 

grease from parts, products, tools, machinery, equipment or work areas, where 

such parts, products, tools, machinery, equipment and work areas are incorporated 

into or used exclusively in manufacturing a product. "Industrial solvent cleaning" 

includes spray booth cleaning, cleaning of manufactured components, parts 

cleaning, cleaning of production equipment for maintenance or to prohibit crosscontamination, and cleaning of tanks, mixing pots, process vessels and lines. 

"Industrial solvent cleaning" does not include the cleaning of personal protection 

equipment, such as respirators. 

) "Janitorial cleaning" means general and maintenance cleaning of building or 

facility components including, but not limited to, floors, ceilings, walls, windows, 

doors, stairs, restrooms, furnishings, kitchens and exterior surfaces of office 

equipment. "Janitorial cleaning" includes graffiti removal. "Janitorial cleaning" 

excludes the cleaning of parts, products or equipment, where such parts, products 

or equipment are incorporated into or used exclusively in manufacturing a 
27 

product. "Janitorial cleaning" excludes the cleaning of work areas, such as 

laboratory benches, where manufacturing or repair activity is performed; 

(F) "Medical device" means an instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, gadget, 

appliance, implant, in vitro reagent or other similar or related article, including 

any component, part or accessory, which meets one of the following conditions : 

(i) Recognized in the official National Formulary or the United States 

Pharmacopeia or any supplement thereto, 

(ii) Intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions or in the 

cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease, in persons or animals, 

or 

(iii) Intended to affect the structure or function of the body of a person or 

animal, and which does not achieve its primary intended purposes through 

chemical action within or on such body and which is not dependent upon 

being metabolized for the achievement of its primary intended purposes; 

(G) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

control device efficiency; 

(H) "Screen printing" means a method of creating an image by pressing ink through a 

screen or fabric to which a stencil has been applied. The stencil openings 

determine the form and dimensions of the image; and 

(2) Applicability. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, the provisions of 

this subsection apply to an owner or operator of any premises who purchases for use at the 

premises at least 855 gallons of cleaning solvents in aggregate per rolling 12-month period . Any 

owner or operator of such a premises shall: 

(A) Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 2011 or, 

for a source commencing operation after January 1, 2011, the date on which the 

source commences operation; and 

(B) Remain subject to this subsection. 

(3) Exemptions and exceptions . 

(A) The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to the use of cleaning solvent 

as follows: 

(i) In janitorial cleaning, 

(ii) At an aerospace manufacturing and rework operation or a wood furniture 

coating operation in accordance with an order or a permit issued pursuant 

to sections 22a-174-32(e) and 22a-174-20(cc) of the Regulations of 

Connecticut State Agencies, 
28 

(iii) To perform general solvent cleaning in accordance with an order issued 

pursuant to section 22a-174-20(ee) of the Regulations of the Connecticut 

State Agencies, , 

(iv) At any aerospace manufacturing and rework facility, provided that 

cleaning solvent is used in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 

63.744, inclusive of exemptions, 

(v) As surface preparation or cleanup solvent in accordance with section 

22a-174-44 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, 

(vi) Where the cleaning solvent is regulated pursuant to section 22a-174-40 of 

the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, 

(vii) To perform industrial solvent cleaning where such cleaning or cleaning 

solvent is subject to one of the following subsections of this section: (fJ 

through (y), (ff) through (hh), or (ii), 

(viii) In cleaning, including surface preparation prior to coating, necessary to 

meet a standard or specification issued or approved by the United States 

Department of Defense, Federal Aviation Administration or other federal 

government entity . Any person claiming exemption pursuant to this 

subclause shall maintain records of the standard or specification, 

(ix) Associated with research and development, 

(x) Associated with quality control or laboratory testing, 

(xi) Associated with medical device manufacturing, 

(xii) Associated with pharmaceutical manufacturing, 

(xiii) That exceeds the applicable limit of subdivision (4)(A) of this subsection 

where the quantity used does not exceed 55 gallons per any twelve-month 

rolling aggregate. Any person claiming exemption pursuant to this 

subclause shall record and maintain monthly records sufficient to 

demonstrate compliance with this exemption, or 

(xiv) That exceeds the applicable limit of subdivision (4)(A) of this subsection, 

if approved by the commissioner and the Administrator. Any request for 

approval shall be made in writing to the commissioner and Administrator 

and shall include a description of the cleaning solvent and its VOC 

content, an explanation of why the cleaning solvent is necessary, 

quantification of the amount of the VOC that will be emitted as a result of 

the use of the noncompliant cleaning solvent and the time period over 

which the noncompliant solvent will be used. 

(B) The requirements of subdivisions (4) and (6) of this subsection shall not apply to 

the use of cleaning solvent in a digital printing operation, where digital printing 
29 

means a method of printing in which an electronic output device transfers variable 

data, in the form of an image, from a computer to a substrate. 

(C) The limitations of subdivision (4)(A) of this subsection shall not apply to cleaning 

solvent used to clean screen printing equipment, if the cleaning solvent used has 

an as-applied VOC content that does not exceed 500 grams per liter (4.2 pounds 

per gallon). 

(4) Control of emissions. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, any owner 

or operator performing industrial solvent cleaning shall use one of the following methods to limit 

VOC emissions: 

(A) Use only cleaning solvent that complies with one of the following limitations: 

(i) As-applied, has a VOC content that does not exceed 50 grams per liter 

(0 .421b/gal), or 

(ii) As-applied, has a vapor pressure no greater than 8 mm Hg at 20°C; or 

(B) Install, operate and maintain in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations, air pollution control equipment that reduces uncontrolled VOC 

emissions to the atmosphere from any industrial solvent cleaning by an overall 

control efficiency of at least 85%. 

(5) Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

(A) New and used cleaning solvent, including those mixed on the premises, shall be 

stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. Such a container shall be kept 

closed at all times except when the container is being filled, emptied or is 

otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of cleaning solvent shall be minimized. Any leaked or spilled 

cleaning solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with 

cleaning solvent, shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, non-leaking container 

for disposal or recycling; and 

(D) Cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one location to another in a closed 

container or pipe. 

(6) Records. 

(A) An owner or operator conducting industrial solvent cleaning shall maintain 

records of the information necessary for the commissioner to determine 

compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection . All such records 

shall be: 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 
30 

) 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created. 

An owner or operator conducting industrial solvent cleaning that meets or exceeds 

the applicability threshold of subdivision (2) of this subsection shall maintain 

daily records of all cleaning solvents used, as follows : 

(i) Name and description of each cleaning solvent, 

(ii) VOC content of each cleaning solvent, as-applied, and the associated 

calculations . As-applied VOC content shall be determined using an EPA 

reference method, a California Air Resources Board reference method or 

other method approved by the commissioner, 

(iii) VOC content of each cleaning solvent, as supplied, 

(iv) The amount of each cleaning solvent, 

(v) A Material Safety Data Sheet for each cleaning solvent, 

(vi) Documentation of control device efficiency and capture efficiency, if 

applicable, using an applicable EPA reference method or alternate method 

as approved by the commissioner, and 

(vii) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control 

equipment, if applicable . 

(C) The owner or operator conducting industrial solvent cleaning for which the 12-

month rolling aggregate of materials purchased for the premises is below the 

applicability threshold of this subsection shall maintain material purchase records 

to verify that the applicability threshold is not exceeded. 

(D) An owner or operator conducting industrial solvent cleaning subject to an 

exemption or exception in subdivision (3) of this subsection shall maintain 

records sufficient to verify the applicability of the exemption or exception. 

(jj) Spray application equipment cleaning. 

(1) Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the control 

device to the total VOC emissions resulting from spray application equipment 

cleaning, expressed as a percentage; 

(B) "Cleaning solvent" means any VOC-containing liquid used to clean spray 

application equipment; 

(C) "Control device efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions recovered or 

destroyed by the control device to the total VOC emissions that are introduced 

into the device, expressed as a percentage ; 
31 

(D) "Enclosed gun cleaner" means a device, used for cleaning spray application 

equipment, which has an enclosed cleaning solvent container and either : 

(i) 

) 

Is not open to the ambient air when in use and has a mechanism to force 

the cleaning solvent through the spray application equipment while the 

cleaner is in operation, or 

(ii) Uses non-atomized solvent flow to flush the spray application equipment 

and collects and returns the discharged cleaning solvent to the enclosed 

container; 

"Medical device" means an instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, gadget, 

appliance, implant, in vitro reagent or other similar or related article, including 

any component, part or accessory, which meets one of the following conditions : 

(i) Recognized in the official National Formulary or the United States 

Pharmacopeia or any supplement thereto, 

(ii) Intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions or in the 

cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease, in persons or animals, 

or 

(iii) Intended to affect the structure or function of the body of a person or 

animal, and which does not achieve its primary intended purposes through 

chemical action within or on such body and which is not dependent upon 

being metabolized for the achievement of its primary intended purposes; 

(F) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

control device efficiency; and 

(G) "Spray application equipment" means a hand-held device that creates an atomized 

mist of coating, or other liquid substance, and deposits the coating, or other liquid 

substance, on a substrate. 

(2) Applicability. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, on and after 

January 1, 2011, the provisions of this subsection apply to an owner or operator of any spray 

application equipment. 

(3) Exemptions and exceptions . 

(A) The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to cleaning of spray 

application equipment as follows : 

(i) Associated with automotive refinishing and conducted pursuant to section 

22a-174-3b(d) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, 

(ii) Pursuant to section 22a-174-44(d) of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies, - 
32 

(iii) At any aerospace manufacturing and rework facility, provided that 

cleaning solvent is used in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 

63 .744, inclusive of exemptions, 

(iv) Necessary to meet a standard or specification of the United States 

Department of Defense, 

(v) Associated with research and development, quality control or laboratory 

testing, or 

(vi) . Associated with medical device manufacturing; 

(B) The cleaning solvent VOC content limit of subparagraphs (B) through (D) of 

subdivision (4) of this subsection shall not apply to the cleaning of spray 

application equipment used in the assembly, repair and manufacture of 

submarines; 

(C) Using cleaning solvent that exceeds the VOC content limitation of subparagraph 

(B), (C) or (D) of subdivision (4) of this subsection where the quantity of cleaning 

solvent used does not exceed 55 gallons in aggregate per any 12-month rolling 

period . Any person claiming exemption pursuant to this subparagraph shall 

record and maintain monthly records sufficient to demonstrate compliance with 

this exemption; and 

) The cleaning solvent VOC content limitations of subparagraph (B), (C) or (D) of 

subdivision (4) of this subsection shall not apply, upon request to and approval by 

the commissioner. Any request for approval shall be made in writing to the 

commissioner and shall include a description of the noncompliant solvent and its 

VOC content, an explanation of why the noncompliant solvent is necessary, the 

aggregate amount in gallons or pounds of noncompliant solvent use anticipated in 

a 12-month period and the frequency of use of the noncompliant solvent. 

(4) Control of emissions. An owner or operator shall clean spray application equipment in 

accordance with the requirements of one of the following subparagraphs: 

(A) Using an enclosed gun cleaner that is maintained and operated in accordance with 

the manufacturer's recommendations and the following practices: 

(i) Operate using an automated cycle, if applicable, 

(ii) Inspect hoses regularly for leaks, 

(iii) If a leak is discovered, repair as soon as practicable but no later than 15 

days after discovery, and 

(iv) Ensure the cover is properly closed ; 

(B) Using only cleaning solvent with an as-applied VOC content that does not exceed 

50 grams per liter (0.417 lb/gal) by placing cleaning solvent in the pressure pot 

and forcing the solvent through the gun with the atomizing cap in place, without 
33 

the use of atomizing air. Used cleaning solvent shall be directed into a vat, drum 

or other waste container that is closed when not in use; 

(C) Using only cleaning solvent with an as-applied VOC content that does not exceed 

50 grams per liter (0.417 lb/gal) by disassembling the spray gun and cleaning the 

components and associated hoses and pumps by hand in a vat, which shall remain 

closed at all times except when in use. Components and associated hoses and 

pumps may be soaked in a vat with a capacity no greater than 20 liters . Such a 

soaking vat shall remain closed during the soaking period, except when inserting 

or removing items; 

(D) Using only cleaning solvent with an as-applied VOC content that does not exceed 

50 grams per liter (0.4171b/gal) by forcing cleaning solvent through the spray gun 

and directing the atomized solvent spray into a waste container that is fitted with a 

device to capture the resulting emissions; or 

(E) Installing, operating and maintaining air pollution control equipment that reduces 

uncontrolled VOC emissions to the atmosphere from any spray application 

equipment cleaning by an overall control efficiency of at least 85%. 

(5) Work practices . Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

(A) New and used cleaning solvent, including those mixed on the premises, shall be 

stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. Such a container shall be kept 

closed at all times except when the container is being filled, emptied or is 

otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of cleaning solvent shall be minimized. Any leaked or spilled 

cleaning solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper that are moistened with cleaning 

solvent shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, non-leaking container for 

disposal or recycling; 

(D) Cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one location to another in a closed 

container or pipe; and 

) Air pollution control equipment shall be operated and maintained in accordance 

with the manufacturer's recommendations. 

(6) Records. 

(A) An owner or operator conducting spray application equipment cleaning shall 

maintain records of the information necessary for the commissioner to determine 

compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection . All such records 

shall be: 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created. 
34 

) An owner or operator conducting spray application equipment cleaning that meets 

or exceeds the applicability threshold of subdivision (2) of this subsection shall 

maintain daily records of all cleaning solvents used, as follows: 

(i) Name and description of each cleaning solvent, 

(ii) VOC content of each cleaning solvent, as-applied, and the associated 

calculations . As-applied VOC content shall be determined using an EPA 

reference method, a California Air Resources Board reference method or 

other method approved by the commissioner, 

(iii) VOC content of each cleaning solvent, as supplied, 

(iv) The amount of each cleaning solvent, 

(v) A Material Safety Data Sheet for each cleaning solvent, 

(vi) A description of the type of cleaning equipment and process, 

(vii) Documentation of control device efficiency and capture efficiency, if 

applicable, using an applicable EPA reference method or alternate method 

as approved by the commissioner, and 

(viii) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control 

equipment, if applicable. 

(C) An owner or operator that is conducting spray application equipment cleaning 

subject to an exemption or exception in subdivision (3) of this subsection shall 

maintain records sufficient to verify the applicability of the exemption or 

exception. 

Sec. 8. Section 22a-174-32(b)(3) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies is 

amended to read as follows : 

(3) When calculating potential emissions to determine the applicability of this section, the 

owner or operator of a premises shall include potential emissions of volatile organic compounds 

from all sources located at such premises excluding those sources which are : 

(A) subject to regulation under 40 CFR [Parts] 61 and 63 ; 

) required to use Best Available Control Technology or Lowest Achievable 

Emission Rate for VOCs pursuant to a federally enforceable order or permit 

which contains specific VOC emission limitations; 

(C) subject to regulation under 40 CFR [Part] 264, Subparts AA or BB, or 40 CFR 

[Part] 265, Subparts AA or BB; 

(D) fuel burning equipment; or 
35 

(E) subject to Reasonably Available Control Technology required pursuant to: 

(i) any one of the following subsections [(a), (b) or (1) through (y) inclusive] 

of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies[;] 

- (a) (b) (Z) through (y) or (f) through (ji), 

(ii) section 22a-174-30 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies[;] 1 

or 

(iii) an order or permit requiring the implementation of Reasonably Available 

Control Technology issued by the commissioner prior to November 15, 

1992 and approved by the Administrator prior to May 31, 1995. 

Sec. 9. Section 22a-174-33(f)(6) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies is 

amended to read as follows: 

(6) [Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the owner or operator of a Title 

V source subject to 40 CFR 72 to 78, inclusive, which becomes subject to this section after 

January 1, 1998 shall submit a Title V application to the commissioner within the time provided 

by 40 CFR 72.30 or within ninety (90) days of receipt of notice from the commissioner that such 

application is required, whichever is earlier.] Reserved. 

Statement of purpose: This amendment serves the primary purpose of updating Connecticut's 

reasonably available control technology (RACT) requirements for volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs) in response to the U.S . Envirornnental Protection Agency's issuance of control 

techniques guidelines (CTG) in 2006 for offset lithographic and letterpress printing, industrial 

cleaning solvents and flexible package printing [71 FR 58745] and in 2007 for metal furniture 

coating, large appliance coating and paper, film and foil ooating [72 FR 57215] . The amendment 

also refines the requirements for metal cleaning; adds requirements specific to spray application 

equipment cleaning; and makes minor and technical revisions. 

Specifically : 

" The existing requirements for metal furniture and paper, film and foil coating operations 

in section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies (RCSA) are 

enhanced through the adoption of the CTG requirements, which include lower VOC 

content requirements for coatings and work practices designed to reduce VOC emissions. 

(Section 4) 

" New requirements, consistent with the CTG, are added to RCSA section 22a-174-20 for 

five source categories (flexible package printing; offset lithographic printing ; letterpress 

printing; large appliance coating; general solvent cleaning). The requirements include 

VOC content limits for coatings, inks and solvents ; an alternative compliance route 

through the operation of air pollution control equipment; and work practices to limit 

VOC emissions from coating and solvent storage and handling. (Section 7) 

" New requirements regulating the cleaning of spray application equipment to limit VOC 

emissions are added to RCSA section 22a-174-20 . (Section 7) 

" The reactivity-based architectural coating requirements of subsection (g) of RCSA 

section 22a-174-20 are deleted, given the adoption in July 2007 of more comprehensive 

requirements in RCSA section 22a-174-41 . (Section 2) 
36 

. The amendment also updates internal references, exemptions and applicability 

determinations of RCSA section 22a-174-20 with respect to additions made in the 

amendment; refines definitions; and updates the applicability deterrnination of RCSA 

section 22a-174-32 given the adoption of the new requirements . (Sections 1, 3, 5, 6, 8) 

The VOC reductions associated with the RACT update portion of this amendment will assist 

Connecticut to attain the federal 8-hour ozone national ambient air quality standards and serve as directionally correct measures with respect to Connecticut's compliance with the national fine 

particulate matter standards. 

Section 9 of the amendment eliminates the reference to the federal Title V application timelines for Acid Rain program sources from RCSA section 22a-174-33(f), as the federal timing 

requirements apply independently.