Filed 4/2/15 Anaheim Hills Planned Com. Assn. v. Chen CA4/3 

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

DIVISION THREE 

ANAHEIM HILLS PLANNED 

COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION, 

 Plaintiff and Respondent, 

 v. 

KANG-SHEN CHEN et al., 

 Defendants and Appellants. 

 G046408, G047582 

 (Super. Ct. No. 30-2009-00292597) 

 O P I N I O N 

 Appeals from judgments and orders of the Superior Court of Orange 

County, Franz E. Miller, Judge. The appeal in case No. G046408 is dismissed. In case 

No. G047582, the second amended judgment is affirmed as modified and the orders are 

affirmed. 

 Kang-Shen Chen and Shu-Jen Chen, in pro. per.; Morris & Stone and 

Aaron P. Morris for Defendants and Appellants. 

 Gordon & Rees, Jeffrey A. Swedo, Tara L. Martin, Stephanie P. Alexander 

and Nathaniel J. Tarvin for Plaintiff and Respondent. 

* * * 
2

 Plaintiff and respondent Anaheim Hills Planned Community Association 

(Association) commenced litigation against defendants and appellants Kang-Shen Chen 

and Shu-Jen Chen in connection with a plethora of purported violations of the covenants, 

conditions and restrictions (CC&R’s) affecting their residential real property. An oral 

settlement was reached on the record, for the Chens to take certain actions to remediate 

the violations. The court subsequently entered a stipulated judgment encapsulating the 

terms of the settlement, ordering an injunction, finding that the Chens already were in 

default of the injunction, and providing that the Association was entitled to an expedited 

trial on damages. Before the trial took place, the Chens filed a notice of appeal, in case 

No. G046408 (First Appeal). 

 While the First Appeal was pending, the trial on damages went forward. 

The court, in a second amended judgment, awarded the Association $508,589.46 in 

damages. The Chens filed a second notice of appeal, from the damages award and from 

two attorney fees awards, in case No. G047582 (Second Appeal). 

 We conclude the First Appeal was taken from a nonappealable judgment. 

The judgment appealed from was an interlocutory decree, inasmuch as it specifically 

contemplated a trial on damages in order to fully resolve the dispute between the parties. 

Given that, this court has no jurisdiction to hear the First Appeal and it is hereby 

dismissed. 

 In the Second Appeal, we decline to review the Chens’ argument that the 

Association’s consent to the settlement agreement was defective, inasmuch as they failed 

to make an objection below, so the trial court and the Association could have corrected 

any deficiency. Furthermore, we reject the Chens’ contention that the settlement 

agreement is unenforceable due to a lack of meeting of the minds. However, we agree 

that the court overstepped its bounds in finding that the Chens were in violation of an 

injunction that had never been issued and in creating terms for the parties. On remand, 

the second amended judgment shall be modified to reflect that the Chens were in default 
3

of the settlement agreement, as opposed to the injunction, to delete the damages award, 

and to reflect that the Association is entitled to an expedited trial on damages only after it 

has performed remediation work. We affirm the second amended judgment as so 

modified and affirm the attorney fees awards. In addition, we deny the Association’s 

request for judicial notice and for the making of evidentiary findings on appeal. 

I 

FACTS 

A. Presettlement Litigation: 

 The Association filed a lawsuit against the Chens for nuisance, breach of 

contract (CC&R’s), injunctive relief and declaratory relief. The Association alleged, 

inter alia, that the Chens had failed to comply with various provisions of the CC&R’s 

affecting their residential real property. They alleged, for example, that the Chens had 

built various outbuildings on their property without Association approval, some of which 

were either abandoned or only partially constructed, that the Chens had used unapproved 

fencing materials including barbed wire, that they had left their swimming pool either 

empty or partially filled with stagnant water, that they had stored on the property 

unsightly debris, trash, and construction materials including barbed wire, and that they 

had discharged waste water into a natural stream emanating from a spring. 

 With trial set for June 20, 2011, the Association, on May 5, 2011, filed an 

ex parte application for an order compelling the Chens to permit a site inspection of their 

property. The Association represented that the Chens had said they would remedy 

claimed violations if provided with a list of them, but that they repeatedly had refused to 

cooperate in the activities necessary for the Association to prepare a list. Purportedly, 

Association representatives met with Kang-Shen Chen and the Chens’ architect on the 

property on September 16, 2010, and the architect agreed to prepare a site plan 

documenting each improvement on the property. The intention was to use the site plan as 

a basis for the discussion of the various violations. However, the Association later 
4

learned that the architect had been discharged and no site plan was forthcoming. The 

Association further represented that, thereafter, it retained its own architectural expert to 

perform a site inspection and, on March 23, 2011, noticed an April 29, 2011 site 

inspection. However, when the date and time for the site inspection arrived, the Chens 

refused to permit access to the property. Consequently, the Association requested the 

court order compelling the Chens to permit a site inspection. 

 The court granted the request for an order compelling a site inspection, to 

take place on May 24, 2011. It further ordered the Chens to pay $2,250 in sanctions to 

the Association. 

B. Settlement Agreement: 

 On June 24, 2011, the Association filed a memorandum of settlement, in 

which it represented that the Chens had agreed to a stipulated judgment on the terms 

stated therein. It also filed a joint list of exhibits to the settlement agreement. One of 

those exhibits was a five-page matrix of violations. The terms of the settlement were 

read into the record at a hearing that same date. 

 As stated verbally on the record, the parties agreed to a stipulated judgment 

including an injunction requiring the Chens to remediate or remove any and all violations 

specified in the matrix, in a manner that complied with the Association’s CC&R’s and 

architectural standards, as well as the subassociation’s CC&R’s. The Chens agreed to 

hire a licensed architect to prepare a comprehensive removal and remediation plan 

addressing each point identified in the matrix. The comprehensive plan would be 

submitted to both the Association and the subassociation for approval and the Chens 

would undertake no work before obtaining those approvals. 

 The Chens further agreed that they would submit their first comprehensive 

plan no later than 60 days after June 24, 2011. The Association’s architectural review 

committee would approve or reject the plan within 45 days. If the plan was rejected, up 
5

to two more 60-day-submission/45-day-review periods would follow. The Chens would 

have one year from the date of approval to complete the work. 

 The stipulated judgment was to contain a mandatory injunction requiring 

the Chens to perform in the above described manner. It was to further provide: “If 

there’s a default . . . [the Association] will have the right to an expedited court . . . trial to 

prove up the costs to [the Association] of having to demolish and remediate things on the 

property that are in violation of the CC&R’s. . . . [The Association] has the right to enter 

their property and commence that work at any time.” 

 The parties also agreed that the Association would have a right to bring an 

attorney fees motion. However, the issue of the prevailing party was reserved for court 

determination. 

 The parties expressed their intention to prepare a formal written settlement 

agreement. However, they further agreed that, if they were unable to reach agreement on 

a writing, the court transcript plus the exhibits would constitute a binding settlement 

agreement, enforceable under Code of Civil Procedure section 664.6.1

 After counsel for the Association finished reciting the agreement for the 

record, the Chens each expressed their understanding and agreement to the terms. 

C. Judgment and First Appeal: 

 Two months later, the Association filed a motion for entry of judgment 

pursuant to section 664.6. In its motion, the Association represented that it had prepared 

a written settlement agreement encapsulating the agreed-upon terms, but that the Chens 

had refused to sign it. So, the Association requested that the court enter judgment on the 

stipulated settlement. 

 

1 All subsequent statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure, 

except where otherwise specifically stated. 
6

On January 5, 2012, the court entered a judgment and permanent injunction 

in favor of the Association, pursuant to section 664.6. That judgment included a first 

injunction “for remediation and/or removal of all conditions on the subject property 

which presently violate” the CC&R’s affecting the property. It also included a second 

injunction authorizing the Association to enter the property “and demolish, repair, or 

remediate each and every CC&R violation on the Subject Property as set forth in the 

attached Matrix of Violations . . . .” The judgment recited that the Chens had already 

defaulted under the provisions of the first injunction and that the Association had a right 

to an expedited court trial, on April 2, 2012, to prove up the cost of the demolition and 

remediation of the violations. 

 The Chens filed a motion for reconsideration. The motion was denied on 

January 18, 2012. 

 An amended judgment was entered on January 23, 2012. The amended 

judgment clarified that it was entered “against Defendants, Kang-Shen Chen, an 

individual; Shu-Jen Chen, an individual; and Shu-Jen Chen, as Trustee of the Shu-Jen 

Chen Trust[.]” The Chens filed the First Appeal. 

 On February 8, 2012, the Association filed a motion for attorney fees and 

costs, seeking an award of $149,337.14 as the prevailing party in the dispute. 

D. Second Amended Judgment and Second Appeal: 

 On July 5, 2012, while the First Appeal was pending, the court held a trial 

on damages. On July 30, 2012, it entered a “second amended judgment.” (Capitalization 

omitted.) The second amended judgment restated the provisions of the first amended 

judgment and added a new provision entitled “judgment for damages.” (Capitalization 

omitted.) That provision stated the Association had “exercised its right to an expedited 

trial to prove up the cost of demolition and remediation of all violations . . . .” The court 

awarded $508,589.46 in damages. 
7

 By minute order dated August 31, 2012, the court awarded the Association 

$134,494.30 in attorney fees and costs. On September 24, 2012, the Association served 

the Chens with notice of entry of the award. 

 Thereafter, the Association filed a motion dated September 26, 2012, 

seeking an additional $56,331.70 in attorney fees and costs, with respect to the damages 

trial. The court awarded the Association an additional $40,190.20 in attorney fees and 

costs. 

 The Chens filed the Second Appeal. This court consolidated the First and 

Second Appeals. 

II 

DISCUSSION 

A. First Appeal (G046408): 

 (1) Supplemental briefing order— 

 By order of January 30, 2015, we directed the parties to file supplemental 

letter briefs addressing, inter alia, “whether the first amended judgment was a final, 

appealable judgment, or a nonappealable interlocutory decree (Sargon Enterprises, Inc. v. 

University of Southern California (2013) 215 Cal.App.4th 1495, 1507; Critzer v. Enos 

(2010) 187 Cal.App.4th 1242, 1251-1252).” We gave each party an opportunity to file a 

responsive supplemental letter brief. Each party filed a supplemental letter brief and the 

Chens filed a responsive supplemental letter brief. 

(2) One final judgment rule— 

 “The existence of an appealable judgment is a jurisdictional prerequisite to 

an appeal. Thus, this court is obligated to review the question of appealability. 

[Citations.]” (Doran v. Magan (1999) 76 Cal.App.4th 1287, 1292.) So, the first point for 

our consideration is whether the first amended judgment was final and appealable, or 

whether the First Appeal must be dismissed as taken from a nonappealable interlocutory 
8

decree. The parties now appear to largely agree that the First Appeal was taken from a 

nonappealable judgment. 

 As the Association well observes, our Supreme Court has stated: “The 

right to appeal is wholly statutory. [Citation.] Code of Civil Procedure section 904.1 

lists appealable judgments and orders. Chief among them is a ‘judgment’ that is not 

interlocutory, e.g., a final judgment. A judgment is the final determination of the rights 

of the parties [citation] ‘“‘when it terminates the litigation between the parties on the 

merits of the case and leaves nothing to be done but to enforce by execution what has 

been determined.’”’ [Citations.] ‘“It is not the form of the decree but the substance and 

effect of the adjudication which is determinative. As a general test, which must be 

adapted to the particular circumstances of the individual case, it may be said that where 

no issue is left for future consideration except the fact of compliance or noncompliance 

with the terms of the first decree, that decree is final, but where anything further in the 

nature of judicial action on the part of the court is essential to a final determination of the 

rights of the parties, the decree is interlocutory.”’ [Citations.]” (Dana Point Safe Harbor 

Collective v. Superior Court (2010) 51 Cal.4th 1, 5, fn. omitted.) 

 In the matter before us, the first amended judgment did not terminate the 

litigation between the parties, leaving nothing to be done but enforcement. It is not the 

case that there was “‘“no issue . . . left for future consideration except the fact of 

compliance or noncompliance with the terms of the first decree . . . .”’” (Dana Point Safe 

Harbor Collective v. Superior Court, supra, 51 Cal.4th at p. 5.) Rather, something 

“‘“further in the nature of judicial action on the part of the court [was] essential to a final 

determination of the rights of the parties . . . .”’” (Ibid.) Specifically, a trial on damages 

for the Chens’ breach of their settlement obligations was required in order to make a final 

determination of the rights of the parties. Indeed, the first amended judgment stated 

explicitly that the Association was entitled to a trial, to be held on April 2, 2012, on the 

costs to it of demolition and remediation. 
9

 True, it is generally the case “that a judgment on an order granting a motion 

to enforce a settlement under section 664.6 is appealable . . . .” (Critzer v. Enos, supra,

187 Cal.App.4th at p. 1251.) This notwithstanding, for the judgment to be appealable, it 

must finally dispose of the litigation, and it is the substance and effect of the judgment 

which determines whether it is appealable, not its label. (Id. at p. 1250.) When “‘the 

intended substance and effect of the judgment is to finally dispose of the . . . action, the 

judgment is appealable . . . .’” (Id. at pp. 1250-1251.) But here, the intended substance 

and effect of the first amended judgment was to determine that the parties had entered 

into a binding settlement agreement, which the Chens had already breached, and to set a 

trial date for the determination of damages. Clearly, the first amended judgment did not 

finally dispose of the lawsuit. 

 The Chens cite Walton v. Magno (1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 1237 as “[a] highly 

analogous case.” There, the plaintiffs sued the defendant for malicious prosecution and a 

judgment in favor of the defendant was entered in accordance with the jury verdict. The 

court thereafter granted the plaintiffs’ motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict 

and ordered a trial on damages. The defendant filed an appeal from the order granting 

the plaintiffs’ motion. (Id. at p. 1239.) The appellate court dismissed the appeal as taken 

from a nonappealable order. It stated that the defendant was “in effect appealing from an 

interlocutory judgment of liability while the issue of damages [had] yet to be tried.” (Id. 

at p. 1241.) It also said: “The actions between the parties have not yet been finalized. 

To permit an appeal at this juncture would result in at least two appeals, a practice which 

is to be discouraged.” (Ibid.) 

Walton v. Magno, supra, 25 Cal.App.4th 1237 is distinguishable in that the 

appeal in that case was taken from a nonappealable order granting a motion for judgment 

notwithstanding the verdict (id. at p. 1240), whereas the First Appeal in the present case 

was taken from an amended judgment. Nonetheless, the first amended judgment in the 

case before us, like the order in Walton, is tantamount to “an interlocutory judgment of 
10

liability while the issue of damages [had] yet to be tried.” (Id. at p. 1241.) That being so, 

Walton provides persuasive authority in support of our conclusion that the first amended 

judgment in the case before us is a nonappealable interlocutory decree. 

 Interestingly, while the Chens appear to concede that the first amended 

judgment is a nonappealable interlocutory decree, they nonetheless state that 

“[a]lternatively, the Amended Judgment could be viewed as final since it determined all 

the rights of the parties by enforcing the putative Settlement Agreement.” (Boldface 

omitted.) In other words, the first amended judgment determined that the parties had 

entered into a binding settlement agreement on the record, and further determined that the 

Chens were in breach, the Association had a right to enter the property and perform the 

remediation work, and the Association was also entitled to an expedited trial on damages. 

All the parties’ rights had been determined; only the amount of damages, like the amount 

of attorney fees, remained to be determined. This argument would have been more 

persuasive had the court entered a self-contained stipulated judgment simply reciting the 

terms of the settlement agreement. But here, the first amended judgment stated that a 

trial on the cost of the remediation work would follow, on a specified date, clearly 

contemplating further court action to resolve the dispute between the parties. 

 The Chens further argue that just as the right to bring a subsequent attorney 

fees motion does not preclude an appeal from a judgment, a right to have a subsequent 

trial on damages ought not preclude an appeal from the first amended judgment. They 

overlook the fact that a postjudgment order awarding attorney fees is a separately 

appealable order, under section 904.1, subdivision (a)(2). 
11

 For the foregoing reasons, we conclude the First Appeal was taken from a 

nonappealable judgment and must be dismissed.2

B. Second Appeal (G047582): 

 (1) Scope of appeal—

 In their second notice of appeal, filed October 26, 2012, the Chens stated 

their appeal was taken “from the Judgement entered on August 31, 2012 . . . (including 

ruling on 10-23-12)[.]” They also said: “Notice of entry of Judgement was served . . . , 

[o]n September 13, 2012.” 

 We construe the reference to the August 31, 2012 judgment as intending to 

be a reference to the August 31, 2012 postjudgment order awarding $134,494.30 in 

attorney fees and costs. We construe the reference to the October 23, 2012 ruling as a 

reference to the October 23, 2012 postjudgment order awarding an additional $40,190.20 

in attorney fees and costs. 

 The question is the significance of the statement: “Notice of entry of 

Judgement was served . . . , [o]n September 13, 2012.” In their opening brief in the 

Second Appeal, the Chens state September 13, 2012 was the date of filing (as opposed to 

service) of the notice of entry of the second amended judgment. They argue that it was 

perfectly clear that their notice of appeal therefore addressed not only the two orders 

awarding attorney fees, but also the damages award under the second amended judgment. 

 In support of their argument, the Chens cite an inapposite page of the 

record showing only that the second amended judgment was filed on July 30, 2012. We 

have located on our own a copy of the notice of entry of the second amended judgment, 

 

2 To the extent we construe the Chens’ first notice of appeal as encompassing 

the January 18, 2012 order denying their motion for reconsideration, we note that an 

order denying a motion for reconsideration is also nonappealable. (Powell v. County of 

Orange (2011) 197 Cal.App.4th 1573, 1576-1577; Tate v. Wilburn (2010) 184 

Cal.App.4th 150, 156.) 
12

which the Association served on the Chens on September 12, 2012 and which was filed 

on September 13, 2012. 

 We must disagree with the Chens that it was perfectly clear that when they 

filed a notice of appeal from an August 31, 2012 “judgment” and stated notice of entry 

was served on September 13, 2012 (rather than September 12, 2012), they meant to 

challenge the damages award under the July 30, 2012 second amended judgment. 

Perhaps they misstated the date of service of the August 31, 2012 order. Or, perhaps, as 

the Chens now suggest, they misdescribed the ruling they intended to challenge, notice of 

entry of which was filed, not served, on September 13, 2012. 

 As the Chens correctly observe, California Rules of Court, rule 8.100(a)(2) 

provides in pertinent part: “The notice of appeal must be liberally construed. The notice 

is sufficient if it identifies the particular judgment or order being appealed.” The notice 

will be liberally construed “‘“so as to protect the right of appeal if it is reasonably clear 

what appellant was trying to appeal from, and where the respondent could not possibly 

have been misled or prejudiced.”’ [Citations.]” (Walker v. Los Angeles County 

Metropolitan Transportation Authority (2005) 35 Cal.4th 15, 20.) 

 Although we question whether it was reasonably clear what the Chens were 

trying to appeal from, the Association does not argue the point. Rather, in its 

respondent’s brief, it says: “The Notice of Appeal does not refer to the Second Amended 

Judgment specifically but it does refer to a Notice of Entry of Judgment served on 

September 13, 2012.” Moreover, the Association concedes “the second amended 

judgment is at issue in this appeal,” and addresses the second amended judgment in its 

respondent’s brief. This being the case, we cannot conclude the Association was 

prejudiced by the lack of clarity in the Chens’ notice of appeal. 

 Consequently, we construe the notice of appeal in the Second Appeal as 

challenging: (1) the August 31, 2012 postjudgment order awarding $134,494.30 in 
13

attorney fees and costs; (2) the October 23, 2012 postjudgment order awarding an 

additional $40,190.20 in attorney fees and costs; and (3) the second amended judgment. 

(2) Code of Civil Procedure Section 664.6— 

Section 664.6 provides: “If parties to pending litigation stipulate, in a 

writing signed by the parties outside the presence of the court or orally before the court, 

for settlement of the case, or part thereof, the court, upon motion, may enter judgment 

pursuant to the terms of the settlement. If requested by the parties, the court may retain 

jurisdiction over the parties to enforce the settlement until performance in full of the 

terms of the settlement.” 

 The standard of review when a settlement agreement is the subject of a 

section 664.6 motion was explained in Skulnick v. Roberts Express, Inc. (1992) 2 

Cal.App.4th 884. “A trial court, when ruling on a section 664.6 motion, acts as a trier of 

fact. [Citation.] Section 664.6’s ‘express authorization for trial courts to determine 

whether a settlement has occurred is an implicit authorization for the trial court to 

interpret the terms and conditions to settlement.’ [Citation.] The proper standard of 

review, therefore, is whether the trial court’s ruling [construing] the settlement . . . is 

supported by substantial evidence. [Citation.]” (Id. at p. 889.) 

 “[A] trial court cannot enforce a settlement under section 664.6 unless the 

trial court finds the parties expressly consented . . . to the material terms of the settlement. 

[Citation.]” (Bowers v. Raymond J. Lucia Companies, Inc. (2012) 206 Cal.App.4th 724, 

732.) “A settlement agreement is a contract, and the legal principles which apply to 

contracts generally apply to settlement contracts. [Citation.] An essential element of any 

contract is ‘consent.’ [Citations.] The ‘consent’ must be ‘mutual.’ [Citations.]” 

(Weddington Productions, Inc. v. Flick (1998) 60 Cal.App.4th 793, 810-811.) “‘The 

existence of mutual consent is determined by objective rather than subjective criteria, the 

test being what the outward manifestations of consent would lead a reasonable person to 

believe.’ [Citation.]” (Id. at p. 811.) “The parties’ outward manifestations must show 
14

that the parties all agreed ‘upon the same thing in the same sense.’ [Citation.]” (Ibid.) 

We must be mindful that “nothing in section 664.6 authorizes a judge to create the 

material terms of a settlement, as opposed to deciding what terms the parties themselves 

have previously agreed upon.” (Weddington Productions, Inc. v. Flick, supra, 60 

Cal.App.4th at p. 810.) 

 We address whether the trial court’s determinations are supported by 

substantial evidence only after we determine whether the statutory requirements of 

section 664.6 are met. The construction and application of the statute raise questions of 

law, subject to our independent review. (Conservatorship of McElroy (2002) 104 

Cal.App.4th 536, 544.) 

(3) Litigant Consent— 

The Chens argue that the court erred in entering a judgment on the parties’ 

purported settlement agreement because the Association never stated on the record that it 

agreed to the terms. They further argue that, because of this, the court had no subject 

matter jurisdiction to enter judgment. Finally, they contend that they are free to raise this 

issue of subject matter jurisdiction for the first time on appeal. 

 (a) Background 

 Right before reciting the settlement agreement for the record, counsel for 

the Association stated: “First I’d like to introduce my clients who are here. Tom 

Oblonsky, who is the president of the Association, and Paul Beckman of Alta Property 

Management, they are the property manager for the Association.” He continued: “And 

Mr. Beckman has the full authority of the Association’s board of directors, their 

subdirectors. They voted to approve the settlement and to vest in Mr. Oblonsky all 

authority to enter into this settlement today.” 

 At the end of the hearing, the court questioned each of the Chens about 

their understanding of, and agreement to, the settlement terms. The court then stated that 

representatives from both sides were present and it found “that both sides [had] 
15

knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently entered into [the] agreement with a full 

understanding of its meanings and terms.” Counsel for the Association said, “So agreed.” 

However, the Association concedes on appeal that the court did not specifically elicit the 

consent of either Oblonsky or Beckman on the record, and that it accepted the 

representation of counsel that the Association did consent. 

 (b) Manifestation of consent 

 According to the Chens, the court erred in doing so. As they well point out, 

the Supreme Court in Levy v. Superior Court (1995) 10 Cal.4th 578, in a case having to 

do with a written settlement agreement, interpreted section 664.6 to require an expression 

of consent by the litigants themselves, not their attorneys. (Levy v. Superior Court,

supra, 10 Cal.4th at pp. 580, 584.) This interpretation has been extended to oral 

settlement agreements as well. (Critzer v. Enos, supra, 187 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1254-

1255.) 

 In Critzer v. Enos, supra, 187 Cal.App.4th 1242, the appellate court held 

that the trial court erred in granting a motion to enforce a settlement under section 664.6. 

(Id. at pp. 1246, 1260.) There, two of the parties were not present when the oral 

settlement agreement was recited on the record, although their attorneys were present. 

(Id. at pp. 1257, 1261.) The court held that the settlement was unenforceable because 

those two parties had not given their personal consent to the recited terms. (Id. at p. 

1257.) The case before us is distinguishable, of course, because here the Association’s 

representative was present. 

 The Chens say this makes no difference, citing Conservatorship of 

McElroy, supra, 104 Cal.App.4th 536. In that case, three parties and their attorneys were 

in court when the settlement was recited. The reporter’s transcript showed that two of the 

parties were asked about their understanding, and that the court stated “they nodded their 

assent.” (Id. at pp. 546-547.) The reporter’s transcript did not show that the third party 

was asked whether she agreed. However, a videotape of the proceeding indicated that the 
16

third party’s own attorney asked her whether she agreed. (Id. at p. 547.) This being the 

case, the appellate court said the trial court’s remark that “they nodded their assent” was 

ambiguous as to whether he was referring to three of the parties or only two. (Ibid.) In 

the end, however, it did not matter. The appellate court held “nods are insufficient to 

show oral assent under the statute . . . .” (Id. at p. 552.) According to the Chens, 

Conservatorship of McElroy is dispositive because it shows that even when a party is 

present in court with his or her attorney when the settlement is recited on the record, and 

nods in agreement, there will be a failure of litigant consent as required under section 

664.6. 

 (c) Waiver of argument 

 The Association argues it is too late to raise the issue of defective litigant 

consent on appeal. We agree. 

 “It is a fundamental proposition that ‘“[a]n appellate court will ordinarily 

not consider procedural defects or erroneous rulings, in connection with relief sought or 

defenses asserted, where an objection could have been but was not presented to the lower 

court by some appropriate method . . . .” [Citation.]’ [Citation.]” (Critzer v. Enos,

supra, 187 Cal.App.4th at p. 1261.) “‘“[I]t is unfair to the trial judge and to the adverse 

party to take advantage of an error on appeal when it could easily have been corrected at 

the trial.”’” (People v. Alistar Ins. Co. (2003) 115 Cal.App.4th 122, 126, fn. omitted.) 

 We apply that rule here. The Association’s representative was present at 

the hearing and could have verbalized his agreement had the Chens made a timely 

objection.3 

 

3 The record on appeal contains the declaration of Oblonsky wherein he 

stated he was president of the Association’s board of directors at the time of the June 24, 

2011 hearing, at which he was present. Oblonsky declared that he had authority to enter 

into the settlement agreement placed on the record and that he was standing next to the 

Association’s counsel as he recited the terms before the court. In conclusion, Oblonsky 

stated that, by his declaration, he acknowledged the Association’s agreement to the 

settlement terms. The Association argues the foregoing shows that it would have been 
17

 The Chens argue against the application of the rule, again citing Critzer v. 

Enos, supra, 187 Cal.App.4th 1242. They say the court in Critzer acknowledged that an 

appellate court usually will not consider procedural defects where no objection was made 

in the trial court, but decided to address the issue of litigant consent anyway because the 

issue involved undisputed evidence and raised a pure question of law. 

 Their characterization of the decision in Critzer v. Enos, supra, 187 

Cal.App.4th 1242 is misleading. In Critzer, counsel for the parties opposing enforcement 

of the settlement raised the issue of party consent orally at the hearing on the section 

664.6 motion. The attorney “noted that not all of the parties had given their assent when 

the [s]ettlement was recited on the record and raised a question as to whether the matters 

recited in court were subject to enforcement under section 664.6.” (Critzer v. Enos,

supra, 187 Cal.App.4th at p. 1261.) He stated “‘the record [was not] truly a 664.6 

settlement, . . . inasmuch as the HOA’s representative was not there to affirm the terms 

 . . . .’” (Ibid.) 

 In addressing whether to consider the issue of party consent on appeal, the 

Critzer court stated that “although [the opposing parties] could have been more expansive 

in their discussion of whether the absence of consent by all parties precluded enforcement 

of the [s]ettlement under section 664.6, we conclude that they raised the issue sufficiently 

below . . . to preclude its forfeiture.” (Critzer v. Enos, supra, 187 Cal.App.4th at p. 

1262.) The court continued: “Moreover, ‘when the issue involves undisputed evidence 

and raises a pure question of law, we may consider it for the first time. [Citation.]’ 

[Citation.]” (Ibid.) 

 

possible to cure, by declaration, any defect in the Association’s expression of consent, 

had the Chens only made a timely objection. (See Elyaoudayan v. Hoffman (2003) 104 

Cal.App.4th 1421, 1427, 1432.) Even were this true, we would not consider the 

declaration because it was filed only after the second amended judgment was entered, and 

therefore was not considered by the court in making its determination. 
18

Critzer v. Enos, supra, 187 Cal.App.4th 1242 is distinguishable. Where in 

that case the opposing parties did raise the issue of defective litigant consent in the trial 

court, such that their argument was not forfeited, here the Chens failed to raise the issue 

in the trial court. Although the Critzer court in dictum provided an alternate ground for 

considering the argument on appeal, we nonetheless decline to consider the issue for the 

first time on appeal in the matter before us. A timely objection from the Chens would 

have given both the trial court and the Association an opportunity to put Oblonsky’s 

consent on the record. 

 The Chens maintain that they have not waived their right to raise the issue 

of defective consent for the first time on appeal, inasmuch as it pertains to the subject 

matter jurisdiction of the trial court. (Casa De Valley View Owner’s Assn. v. Stevenson 

(1985) 167 Cal.App.3d 1182, 1191, fn. 4 [subject matter jurisdiction may be raised for 

the first time on appeal].) They explain that, without the agreement of all parties as 

required by section 644.6, the court had no jurisdiction to grant the motion for entry of 

judgment. They cite Wackeen v. Malis (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 429 in support of their 

position. 

Wackeen addressed whether the court had jurisdiction to enforce a 

settlement agreement after the lawsuit had been dismissed. (Wackeen v. Malis, supra, 97 

Cal.App.4th at p. 433.) The court held that section 664.6 provides “courts with 

continuing jurisdiction over parties and their litigation, for the purposes of enforcing their 

settlement agreement, despite a suit’s having been dismissed after the execution of the 

agreement,” provided certain requirements are met. (Ibid.) The parties are required, for 

example, to make a request for retention of jurisdiction before the lawsuit is dismissed. If 

they fail to do so, “enforcement of the agreement must be left to a separate lawsuit.” 

(Ibid.) In the case before it, the Wackeen court held that the parties had failed to make a 

request for retention of jurisdiction before the lawsuit was dismissed and that, therefore, 
19

the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the section 664.6 motions to enforce 

a settlement agreement. (Id. at pp. 432-434, 437, 439.) 

 The matter before us is distinguishable. Here, the Association brought its 

section 664.6 motion before dismissal. The court did not lack subject matter jurisdiction 

over the motion. To the contrary, “[w]hen a court has jurisdiction over the parties and the 

subject matter of a suit, its jurisdiction continues until a final judgment is entered. 

[Citation.]” (Wackeen v. Malis, supra, 97 Cal.App.4th at p. 437.) No final judgment had 

been entered when the Association brought its motion and the court had subject matter 

jurisdiction to rule upon it. 

(4) Terms of Settlement Agreement— 

 The Chens argue that even if this court concludes the trial court did not err 

in entering a judgment, there are a number of reasons why the court erred in fashioning 

the terms of the judgment. 

 (a) Second amended judgment 

 The second amended judgment, in part one thereof, ordered an injunction 

compelling the Chens to submit their comprehensive architect-prepared remediation plan 

to the designated architectural committees within certain timeframes, and to perform the 

remediation work within one year of approval. It further provided that the Chens’ 

“failure to comply with any of the above provisions set forth in Part I of this Amended 

Judgment shall constitute a default . . . of this Amended Judgment and Injunction.” 

 In part two, the second amended judgment stated that the Chens already 

had defaulted “under the provisions of the Injunction set forth in Part I” and that the 

Association had “the right to an expedited court (non-jury) trial on April 2, 2012, to 

prove up the cost of demolition and remediation of all violations on the Subject property 

 . . . .” The second amended judgment continued: “Further, a second Injunction is hereby 

issued authorizing [the Association] to enter the Subject Property and demolish, repair, or 

remediate each and every CC&R violation on the Subject Property as set forth in the 
20

attached Matrix of Violations . . . . [The Association] shall have the option of entering 

the Subject Property before or after the damages trial as provided in this Part II.” (Italics 

added.) 

 In addition, the second amended judgment recited that the Association had 

“exercised its right to an expedited trial to prove up the cost of demolition and 

remediation of all violations . . . . After having fully considered the arguments of all 

parties . . . , as well as the evidence presented, the Court award[ed] damages . . . in the 

sum of $508,589.46.” 

 The second amended judgment continued: “[The Association] may expend 

an amount not to exceed $508,589.46 to remediate the violations on the Subject Property. 

[The Association] shall obtain bids from no fewer than two licensed, qualified contractors 

to perform the work . . . . [The Association] is to accept the lower bid . . . . If the 

remediation is completed for less than the damages award, [the Association] is to refund 

the balance of any money collected on the judgment to [the Chens].” 

 (b) Court creation of terms 

 The Chens argue that, in entering the second amended judgment, the court 

erred in creating material terms to which the Chens never agreed. They call attention to 

the provision stating “[the Association] shall have the option of entering the Subject 

Property before or after the damages trial . . . .”4 (Italics added.) They say they never 

agreed to a provision that would allow a trial on damages, and an award of damages, for 

work the Association had never undertaken. Rather, they expected only that, in the event 

of their default, the Association could enter their property and make repairs, then request 

reimbursement, and only after that obtain a trial on damages. 

 

4 To be precise, we observe the record indicates that the judgment, first 

amended judgment, and second amended judgment were each drafted by counsel for the 

Association. 
21

 The reporter’s transcript shows that the following term was recited into the 

record: “If there’s a default in part one, the Chens stipulate that [the Association] will 

have the right to an expedited court . . . trial to prove up the costs to [the Association] of 

having to demolish and remediate things on the property that are in violation of the 

CC&R’s. [The Chens] today stipulate that [the Association] has the right to enter their 

property and commence that work at any time. Of course, . . . if the [Chens] are in 

compliance with part one, [the Association] will not do this.”5

 The foregoing language shows the parties agreed that if the Chens failed to 

perform their obligations, the Association had “the right to enter their property and 

commence . . . work at any time.” The words “any time” are simple enough and show the 

parties did not contemplate that the Association would have to await a trial on damages 

before commencing work. The Chens agree to this much. However, those words also 

indicate that the Association could delay, that it was not required to undertake work as 

soon as the Chens defaulted. 

 The question is whether those words are fairly construed to mean that the 

Association could first obtain an award of damages and then undertake the work. We 

read the words “any time” together with the language of the agreement that the 

Association was entitled “to an expedited court . . . trial to prove up the costs to [the 

Association] of having to demolish and remediate” the items shown on the matrix of 

violations. Query whether these provisions could be construed as giving the Association 

a right to an immediate trial on damages, with the work to be performed afterwards. If so 

 

5 We note that this language tracks fairly closely the language contained in 

the Association’s memorandum of settlement filed by the Association on the date the 

settlement was placed verbally on the record. The memorandum states: “In the event 

[the Chens] default under the Part I Injunction, [the Association] shall have the right to an 

expedited court (non-jury) trial to prove up the cost of demolition and remediation. [The 

Chens] now stipulate to a second injunction that [the Association] has the right to enter 

[their] property and demolish, repair, or remediate all CC&R violations in the event 

[they] default under the Part I Injunction.” 
22

construed, however, the agreement would leave unanswered questions about what would 

happen after the Association obtained a damages award. 

 The court filled in the gap by providing that the Association was required to 

obtain at least two bids, accept the lower bid, and refund to the Chens the difference 

between the cost of performing the work and the amount of the $508,589.46 judgment. 

At this point, we must agree with the Chens that the court created material terms to which 

they did not agree. There is nothing in either the settlement recited on the record, or for 

that matter the Association’s memorandum of settlement terms filed with the court on the 

hearing date, that described a bidding procedure or that made clear the Chens would have 

to pay a six-figure damages award before any work was performed and hope to receive a 

refund at some undesignated time in the future. 

 Yet we also see nothing in either the settlement agreement recited on the 

record or the Association’s memorandum of settlement terms that establishes the 

procedures the Chens prefer. The Chens assert that, because the CC&R’s were attached 

as an exhibit to the agreement, this shows the parties agreed to follow the provisions of 

Article IV, Section 7 thereof permitting the Association to perform repairs, then request 

reimbursement from the owner, and then record a mechanic’s lien if no reimbursement is 

made. They contend that they contemplated that these procedures would be followed 

before there was any damages trial. 

 However, the Chens’ characterization of the settlement is inconsistent with 

the plain terms thereof. The term “expedited court trial” had to have some meaning. We 

construe it as providing the Association with the option of obtaining a court trial as soon 

as it had performed work on the property, not as requiring it to pursue reimbursement 

from the Chens, record a mechanic’s lien, and thereafter go to trial. 

 The Association maintains that the settlement entitled it to obtain a 

damages award before ever undertaking any work. Moreover, it says that the Chens have 

waived any argument to the contrary by failing to raise the issue in their briefing in the 
23

First Appeal. However, as we have already said, the first amended judgment was a 

nonappealable interlocutory decree, and the Chens had no right to appeal therefrom. That 

being the case, their argument is properly raised in the Second Appeal. 

 The Association also maintains that the language of the settlement was 

perfectly clear—it was entitled to an expedited court trial to prove up the costs of 

remediation. This, says the Association, means simply enough that it was entitled to 

receive a damages award before ever performing any work on the property. We have 

already stated our reasons for concluding otherwise. 

 (c) Meeting of the minds 

 The disagreement between the parties on the meaning of the provision 

regarding an expedited trial leads to the Chens’ last argument on the existence and 

enforceability of a settlement. The Chens, citing Lindsay v. Lewandowski (2006) 139 

Cal.App.4th 1618, contend that the settlement agreement is unenforceable because there 

was no meeting of the minds. 

 In Lindsay v. Lewandowski, supra, 139 Cal.App.4th 1618, this court held 

that a stipulated settlement agreement was unenforceable where various parties executed 

different versions of a settlement agreement, containing different material terms. (Id. at 

pp. 1620, 1623.) We observed that “[a] settlement agreement, like any other contract, is 

unenforceable if the parties fail to agree on a material term or if a material term is not 

reasonably certain. [Citations.]” (Id. at pp. 1622-1623.) 

 In the matter before us, the parties did not sign two different versions of a 

settlement agreement. Rather, they stood in court together and agreed to terms recited on 

the record. Consequently, they all agreed to one set of terms. The question, then, is 

whether “a material term is not reasonably certain.” (Lindsay v. Lewandowski, supra,

139 Cal.App.4th at p. 1622.) 

 The Association does not respond to the Chens’ arguments that the 

settlement agreement is unenforceable due to a lack of meeting of the minds and that the 
24

agreement is not reasonably certain. It does, however, state generally that there is 

substantial evidence to show the judgment properly reflects the terms of the settlement 

agreement, including the provision permitting the Association to obtain a judgment 

before performing any work, and that there was no error in entering judgment. 

 As we have already stated, we disagree with the assertion that substantial 

evidence supports the provisions of the judgment regarding the Association’s 

(a) obtaining a damages award before any work is done, (b) obtaining postaward bids, 

and (c) providing a refund if, after completing the work at some undesignated future 

time, the Association has spent less than the amount of the damages collected from the 

Chens. 

 The question is whether the settlement agreement provision regarding an 

expedited damages trial, as recited on the record, is reasonably certain. “‘Whether a 

contract is certain enough to be enforced is a question of law for the court.’ [Citation.]” 

(Bowers v. Raymond J. Lucia Companies, Inc., supra, 206 Cal.App.4th at p. 734.) We 

hold that the agreement regarding an expedited damages trial is reasonably certain, for 

reasons already stated. In so holding, we are mindful that the “modern trend disfavors 

holding contracts unenforceable because of uncertainty and [the] defense of uncertainty 

applies only when the uncertainty prevents the court from knowing what to enforce.” (Id. 

at p. 736.) The Association is entitled to an expedited trial on damages after it has 

performed remediation work. 

(5) Chens’ default— 

 The Chens say they had good reason to refuse to sign the draft of the 

settlement agreement the Association prepared, so the court erred in finding that they 

were in breach. However, it does not appear from the record that the failure to sign the 

draft settlement agreement was the reason the court found the Chens to be in breach. 

Rather, the court found them to be in breach because they had failed to comply with the 

requirement of the settlement agreement that, within 60 days after the June 24, 2011 
25

settlement date, they have an architect prepare a comprehensive remediation plan and 

submit it for architectural committee review. The reporter’s transcript provides 

substantial evidence in support of this finding. 

 The Chens also point out what they characterize as “an even stranger 

reality.” That is, when the court entered judgment, it found the Chens were in breach of 

an injunction that had never been issued. We agree with the Chens that the judgment as 

worded presents a bit of a conundrum. As read, it does state the Chens were in default of 

the injunction contained therein—an injunction never before created. However, the court 

was correct that the parties had reached a settlement agreement on June 24, 2011, that 

required the Chens to take certain actions within certain timeframes, and that further 

provided an injunction would issue to compel that performance. As we have already 

said, substantial evidence supports the court’s finding that the Chens had failed to comply 

with those deadlines. However, while the court could properly find that the Chens had 

breached the terms of the settlement agreement, as a technical point, is was not proper to 

find that they had breached an injunction that had never been issued. 

(6) Individual Liability— 

 (a) Background 

 In its complaint, the Association named both of the Chens in their 

individual capacities, as well as Does 1 through 50, as defendants. In his fourth amended 

cross-complaint, Kang-Shen Chen stated: “Cross-Complainant, KANG SHEN CHEN, is 

an individual . . . and are [sic] the owners of that certain real property . . . commonly 

known as 6984 East Overlook Terrace, Anaheim, California (‘Property’).” He further 

stated: “Cross-Complainant is a member of, and resides in the Anaheim Hills Planned 

Community, and as a result is subject to the Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions 

(‘CC&Rs’) governing the use of the Property.” 

 The Association’s memorandum of settlement agreement stated, in part five 

thereof: “The Answer of Shu Jen Chen, an individual, is stipulated to be the answer of 
26

the Shu Jen Chen Trust, of which Mrs. Chen is trustee.” At the hearing on the 

Association’s motion, Shu-Jen Chen stated to the court that she was speaking on behalf 

of the trust, “which [was] listed on part five . . . .” She stated that she was both the trustor 

and the trustee of the trust. She complained to the court: “The Plaintiff served me [with] 

a summons on May 30th against the trust of Shu-Jen Chen.” Counsel for the Association 

explained that the Association had filed a Doe amendment to bring in the trust. The court 

indicated that the effect of the Doe amendment was to add Shu-Jen Chen as the trustee of 

the trust as a defendant. 

 Shu-Jen Chen replied: “Okay. And, your Honor, so they already sue me. 

Then why should they sue me again? . . . And they already sue me as the owner of the 

property. That’s good enough.” 

 The court replied: “Well, as long as it’s good enough for you and you’re 

not going to make some claim that they can’t enforce this agreement because of the trust, 

then there’s not going to be a problem with that. . . . But the understanding is that this is 

the agreement . . . of everybody who’s here today, whatever capacity, the human beings 

that are in court today have the power to enter into this agreement and are agreeing to 

the terms of this agreement.” (Italics added.) It further stated to Shu-Jen Chen: “They 

just want to make sure there’s not going to be any claim on your side that you don’t have 

to comply with the agreement . . . . You understand that, don’t you?” Shu-Jen Chen 

replied: “But I still own that property.” The court checked with her: “And you agree to 

the terms of this settlement?” She replied: “Sure.” 

 The court then checked to make sure everyone understood and agreed to the 

terms of the settlement. Kang-Shen Chen expressed his understanding and agreement. 

 The second amended judgment was entered thereafter against each of the 

Chens in their individual capacities and against Shu-Jen Chen in her capacity as trustee of 

the Shu-Jen Chen Trust, jointly and severally. 
27

 (b) Argument

 The Chens now argue that the court could not enter judgment or award 

attorneys fees against either of them in their individual capacities, because the property in 

question is owned not by them, but by Shu-Jen Chen’s trust.6 They also argue that the 

court could not enter judgment against Shu-Jen Chen personally, in any capacity. They 

rely on various legal authorities, including Civil Code former section 13547 (concerning 

the enforcement of CC&R’s against property owners) and Probate Code section 18001 

(concerning the personal liability of a trustee). As the Association contends, the Chens’ 

argument is waived for failure to raise it in the trial court. (Critzer v. Enos, supra, 187 

Cal.App.4th at p. 1261.) Even were this not the case, given the exchange on the record, 

and the agreement of the Chens that they would be bound in whatever their capacities, 

their argument is untenable. 

III 

DISPOSITION 

 The Association’s requests for judicial notice and for the making of 

findings on appeal are denied. The First Appeal is dismissed. The second amended 

judgment is ordered modified to reflect that the Chens were in default of the settlement 

agreement, as opposed to the injunction, to delete the damages award, and to reflect that 

 

6 The Association has filed a request for judicial notice of a deed recorded 

July 10, 2008, showing that Shu-Jen Chen in her individual capacity transferred certain 

real property to herself as trustee of her trust. It also requests that this court make a 

finding, based on that deed, that Shu-Jen Chen is the trustor of the trust. Both requests 

are denied. The Association has not shown that the deed was presented to the trial court. 

(County of Orange v. Smith (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 1434, 1450.) 

7 See now Civil Code section 5975. 
28

the Association is entitled to an expedited trial on damages only after it has performed 

remediation work. The orders are affirmed. The Association shall recover its costs on 

appeal. 

 

 MOORE, J. 

WE CONCUR: 

RYLAARSDAM, ACTING P. J. 

BEDSWORTH, J.