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smithsonian contributions to zoology • number 646

Catalog of Type Specimens 

of Recent Mammals:

Orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, 

Artiodactyla, and Cetacea in the 

National Museum of Natural History, 

Smithsonian Institution

Robert D. Fisher and Craig A. Ludwig
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smithsonian contributions to zoology • numb e r 6 4 6

Catalog of Type Specimens 

of Recent Mammals:

Orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, 

Artiodactyla, and Cetacea in the 

National Museum of Natural History, 

Smithsonian Institution

Robert D. Fisher and Craig A. Ludwig

WASHINGTON D.C.

2016
ABSTRACT

Fisher, Robert D. and Craig A. Ludwig. Catalog of Type Specimens of Recent Mammals: Orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 646, vi + 112 pages, 2016.—The type collection of Recent mammals in 

the Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, contains 612 specimens 

bearing names of 604 species-group taxa of Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea as of May 2016. 

This catalog presents an annotated list of these holdings comprising 582 holotypes; 16 lectotypes, two of which are 

newly designated herein; 7 syntypes (15 specimens); and 1 neotype. Included are several specimens that should be in 

the collection but cannot be found or are now known to be in other collections and therefore are not in the database. 

Thirty-seven of the names are new since the last type catalog covering these orders, Arthur J. Poole and Viola S. 

Schantz’s 1942 “Catalog of the Type Specimens of Mammals in the United States National Museum, Including the 

Biological Surveys Collection” (Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 178). One of these, Lutra iowa

Goldman, 1941, was transferred to the National Museum’s Paleobiology Department collection and is mentioned 

only briefly in this work. Orders and families are arranged systematically following D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder’s 

2005 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, third edition, volume 1; within 

families, currently recognized genera are arranged alphabetically, and within each currently recognized genus, species and subspecies accounts are arranged alphabetically by original published name. Information in each account 

includes original name and abbreviated citation thereto, current name if other than original, citation for first use of 

current name combination for the taxon, type designation, U.S. National Museum catalog number(s), preparation, 

age and sex, date of collection and collector, original collector number, type locality, and remarks as appropriate. 

Digital photographs of each specimen will serve as a condition report and will be attached to each electronic specimen record. An addendum contains two accounts for holotypes added to the collection subsequent to the publication of the catalog for their taxa. Appendices tabulate summary data for all four of our recent type catalogs (Fisher 

and Ludwig, 2012, 2014, 2015, and this volume) and include authors of names, collectors of type specimens, countries, islands, and provinces or states in which type specimens were collected, numbers of new names per decade, 

and summary numbers for holotypes, lectotypes, syntypes, neotypes, and new taxa since the last type catalog (Poole 

and Schantz, 1942) covering the entire type collection.

Cover images: Holotype of Lynchailurus colocolo wolfshoni Garcia-Perea, 1994 (USNM 391853). Left to right: 

dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of cranium. Photographs by Renee Regan.

Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS

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Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

www.scholarlypress.si.edu

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any other use.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: National Museum of Natural History (U.S.) | Fisher, Robert D. | Ludwig, Craig A.

Title: Catalog of type specimens of recent mammals : orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea 

in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution / Robert D. Fisher and Craig A. Ludwig.

Description: Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2016. | Series: Smithsonian contributions to 

zoology ; number 646

Identifiers: LCCN 2016008481

Subjects: LCSH: Carnivora—Type specimens—Catalogs and collections—Washington (D.C.) | Ungulates—Type 

specimens—Catalogs and collections—Washington (D.C.) | Cetacea—Type specimens—Catalogs and collections—

Washington (D.C.) | National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)—Catalogs.

Classification: LCC QL737.C2 N37 2016 | DDC 599.7—dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016008481

ISSN: 1943-6696 (online); 0081-0282 (print) 

ZooBank registration: 20 May 2016 (LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:24951B6F-DD78-4BCF-ABF3-604435CE098D)

Publication date (online): 8 June 2016

Ó The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992. 
Contents

FOREWORD 1

Robert P. Reynolds and Kristofer M. Helgen

INTRODUCTION 2

Categories of Name-Bearing Types Included 2

Research Approach 3

Classificatory Organization 3

Format of Accounts 3

Acknowledgments 4

ACCOUNTS OF NAME-BEARING TYPE SPECIMENS 4

Order Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 4

 Family Felidae Fischer, 1817 4

 Genus Acinonyx Brookes, 1828 4

 Genus Felis Linnaeus, 1758 4

 Genus Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858 5

 Genus Leopardus Gray, 1842 5

 Genus Lynx Kerr, 1792 6

 Genus Panthera Oken, 1816 6

 Genus Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858 7

 Genus Puma Jardine, 1834 8

 Family Viverridae Gray, 1821 9

 Genus Arctictis Temminck, 1824 9

 Genus Arctogalidia Merriam, 1897 9

 Genus Genetta G. Cuvier, 1816 10

 Genus Hemigalus Jourdan, 1837 10

 Genus Paguma Gray, 1831 10

 Genus Paradoxurus F. Cuvier, 1821 10

 Genus Viverricula Hodgson, 1838 11

 Family Nandiniidae Pocock, 1929 12

 Genus Nandinia Gray, 1843 12

 Family Herpestidae Bonaparte, 1845 12

 Genus Atilax F. Cuvier, 1826 12

 Genus Bdeogale Peters, 1850 12

 Genus Galerella Gray, 1865 12

 Genus Helogale Gray, 1862 12
i v • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

 Genus Ichneumia I. Geoffroy, 1837 12

 Genus Mungos E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier, 1795 12

 Family Hyaenidae Gray, 1828 13

 Genus Crocuta Kaup, 1828 13

 Genus Proteles I. Geoffroy, 1824 13

 Family Canidae Fischer, 1817 13

 Genus Canis Linnaeus, 1758 13

 Genus Otocyon Muller, 1836 16

 Genus Speothos Lund, 1839 16

 Genus Urocyon Baird, 1857 16

 Genus Vulpes Frisch, 1777 17

 Family Ursidae Fischer, 1817 19

 Genus Ursus Linnaeus, 1758 19

 Family Otariidae Gray, 1825 27

 Genus Arctocephalus E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, 1826 27

 Family Phocidae Gray, 1821 27

 Genus Mirounga Gray, 1827 27

 Genus Phoca Linnaeus, 1758 27

 Family Mustelidae Fischer, 1817 28

 Genus Aonyx Lesson, 1827 28

 Genus Enhydra Fleming, 1822 28

 Genus Galictis Bell, 1826 28

 Genus Gulo Pallas, 1780 28

 Genus Ictonyx Kaup, 1835 28

 Genus Lontra Gray, 1843 28

 Genus Lutra Brisson, 1762 29

 Genus Martes Pinel, 1792 29

 Genus Mellivora Storr, 1780 30

 Genus Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 30

 Genus Neovison Baryshnikov and Abramov, 1997 33

 Genus Taxidea Waterhouse, 1839 33

 Genus Vormela Blasius, 1884 34

 Family Mephitidae Bonaparte, 1845 34

 Genus Conepatus Gray, 1837 34

 Genus Mephitis E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier, 1795 35

 Genus Spilogale Gray, 1865 36

 Family Procyonidae Gray, 1825 38

 Genus Bassaricyon J. A. Allen, 1876 38

 Genus Bassariscus Coues, 1887 38

 Genus Nasua Storr, 1780 39

 Genus Potos Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and G. Cuvier, 1795 39

 Genus Procyon Storr, 1780 39

Order Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 42

 Family Equidae Gray, 1821 42

 Genus Equus Linnaeus, 1758 42

 Family Tapiridae Gray, 1821 42

 Genus Tapirella Palmer, 1903 42

 Genus Tapirus Brisson, 1762 42

Order Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 42

 Family Suidae Gray, 1821 42

 Genus Phacochoerus F. Cuvier, 1826 42

 Genus Sus Linnaeus, 1758 42
NUMBER 646 • v

 Family Tayassuidae Palmer, 1897 43

 Genus Dicotyles G. Cuvier, 1817 43

 Genus Tayassu Fischer, 1814 44

 Family Hippopotamidae Gray, 1821 44

 Genus Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758 44

 Family Tragulidae Milne-Edwards, 1864 45

 Genus Tragulus Brisson, 1762 45

 Family Moschidae Gray, 1821 48

 Genus Moschus Linnaeus, 1758 48

 Family Cervidae Goldfuss, 1820 48

 Genus Alces Gray, 1821 48

 Genus Capreolus Gray, 1821 48

 Genus Cervus Linnaeus, 1758 49

 Genus Mazama Rafinesque, 1817 49

 Genus Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815 50

 Genus Odocoileus Rafinesque, 1832 50

 Genus Rangifer C. Hamilton Smith, 1827 52

 Family Antilocapridae Gray, 1866 53

 Genus Antilocapra Ord, 1818 53

 Family Bovidae Gray, 1814 53

 Genus Alcelaphus de Blainville, 1816 53

 Genus Ammelaphus Heller, 1912 53

 Genus Bos Linnaeus, 1758 54

 Genus Cephalophus C. Hamilton Smith, 1827 54

 Genus Connochaetes Lichtenstein, 1812 54

 Genus Hippotragus Sundevall, 1845 54

 Genus Kobus A. Smith, 1840 54

 Genus Madoqua Ogilby, 1837 54

 Genus Nanger Lataste, 1885 54

 Genus Nesotragus Von Duben, 1846 55

 Genus Oreotragus A. Smith, 1834 55

 Genus Oryx de Blainville, 1816 55

 Genus Ourebia Laurillard, 1842 55

 Genus Ovis Linnaeus, 1758 55

 Genus Philantomba Blyth, 1840 56

 Genus Procapra Hodgson, 1846 56

 Genus Pseudois Hodgson, 1846 57

 Genus Redunca C. Hamilton Smith, 1827 57

 Genus Rupicapra de Blainville, 1816 57

 Genus Strepsiceros C. Hamilton Smith, 1827 57

 Genus Sylvicapra Ogilby, 1837 57

 Genus Tragelaphus de Blainville, 1816 58

Order Cetacea Brisson, 1762 58

 Family Balaenidae Gray, 1821 58

 Genus Eubalaena Gray, 1864 58

 Family Balaenopteridae Gray, 1864 58

 Genus Balaenoptera Lacépède, 1804 58

 Genus Megaptera Gray, 1846 58

 Family Delphinidae Gray, 1821 59

 Genus Delphinus Linnaeus, 1758 59

 Genus Globicephala Lesson, 1828 59

 Genus Grampus Gray, 1828 59
v i • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

 Genus Lagenorhynchus Gray, 1846 59

 Genus Lissodelphis Gloger, 1841 60

 Genus Peponocephala Nishiwaki and Norris, 1966 60

 Genus Pseudorca Reinhardt, 1862 60

 Genus Stenella Gray, 1866 60

 Genus Tursiops Gervais, 1855 61

 Family Phocoenidae Gray, 1825 61

 Genus Phocoena G. Cuvier, 1816 61

 Genus Phocoenoides Andrews, 1911 62

 Family Physeteridae Gray, 1821 62

 Genus Kogia Gray, 1846 62

 Family Iniidae Gray, 1846 62

 Genus Lipotes Miller, 1918 62

 Family Ziphiidae Gray, 1865 62

 Genus Berardius Duvernoy, 1851 62

 Genus Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850 63

 Genus Ziphius G. Cuvier, 1823 63

ADDENDUM 65

Order Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779 65

 Family Phyllostomidae Gray, 1825 65

 Genus Lonchophylla Thomas, 1903 65

Order Rodentia Bowdich, 1821 65

 Family Muridae Illiger, 1811 65

 Genus Batomys Thomas, 1895 65

APPENDIX A 67

APPENDIX B 73

APPENDIX C 79

APPENDIX D 87

APPENDIX E 89

REFERENCES 91

INDEX OF TAXA 101
FOREWORD

Catalog of Type Specimens of Recent Mammals, Part 4

Natural history museums and the collections they house have never been more 

important to science and society than they are today. They voucher past research and 

furnish the raw material for specimen-based systematics research that provides an evolutionary framework for understanding the diversity, relationships, and natural history 

of species. Increasingly, these collections, assembled and maintained across decades and 

centuries, are utilized as a fundamental resource for understanding and managing environmental impacts and transformations in a rapidly changing world. Type specimens 

form a significant subset of any natural history collection. They serve as a “bureau of 

standards” for all manner of biological study, providing the empirical foundation for the 

definition of taxa and application of scientific names that are essential to communicating 

biodiversity information vital for management and conservation planning by resource 

agencies and organizations. 

We are pleased to introduce the final number of the four-part Catalog of Type Specimens of Recent Mammals in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), an 

incomparable research resource that documents the second largest collection of mammal type specimens in the world. Fortunately, Robert D. Fisher and Craig A. Ludwig 

are among the very few who have the requisite institutional knowledge, archival access, 

and dedication needed to summarize all available information about the mammal type 

collections at the National Museum of Natural History. Inventorying primary types is 

the essential first step in determining collections holdings as well as planning for their 

conservation and current and future use. Catalogs of any kind have many uses, and 

type catalogs are no exception. Foremost, they help fulfill a primary responsibility of 

the institution to publish lists of name-bearing types in its custody and to communicate 

information about those specimens (Recommendations 72F.4 and 72F.5, 4th ed. of the 

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1999:79). Such catalogs are also critical for documenting the existence of an institution’s type specimens, reporting previously 

unavailable information about the holdings of name-bearing types, providing a reference 

for nomenclatural stability, and serving as an aid in the identification of organisms.

Catalog of Type Specimens of Recent Mammals: 

Orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and 

Cetacea in the National Museum of Natural History, 

Smithsonian Institution

Robert D. Fisher1* and Craig A. Ludwig2

1

 U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012, USA.

2

 Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012, USA.

* Correspondence: R. D. Fisher, fisherr@si.edu; 

C. A. Ludwig, ludwigc@si.edu

Manuscript received 27 August 2015; accepted 

10 December 2015.
2 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Number 646, the last in a series of four sections comprising 

the USNM type catalog (Fisher and Ludwig, 2012, 2014, 2015, 

and this volume), completes an updated and expanded account 

of the name-bearing mammal types deposited in the National 

Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Together 

these four accounts record all 3,198 extant name-bearing modern 

mammal specimens in the museum, a remarkable record of names 

and of scientific hypotheses representing nearly two centuries of 

exciting discoveries and scholarly investigations that have taken 

place at the Smithsonian Institution. Of course, the number of 

type specimens in the mammal collection continues to grow, issuing both from new expeditions that document previously undescribed mammal taxa and from new research in the field of 

mammalian systematics. Following the precedent set by the two 

preceding catalogs of USNM mammal types (Lyon and Osgood, 

1909; Poole and Schantz, 1942), this current series exemplifies 

that collaborative nature of biological research among authors 

from the U.S. Geological Survey (Fisher) and the Smithsonian Institution (Ludwig), who have long cooperated to help ensure the 

proper stewardship of the National Collections of Mammals. 

Fisher and Ludwig, with 76 years of federal service between 

them, are positioned to provide authoritative and complete information for each mammal type and to make that information 

easily available. The authors succeeded admirably in their efforts: researching all specimen information available in USNM 

archives, amending and updating collection records when necessary, and noting and correcting erroneous information on type 

specimens in the published literature. In addition, the companion 

digital images of each type (only partially complete at the present time) represent multiple views of the specimen, will reduce 

the future need to physically handle these specimens, and will 

provide a visual record of current specimen condition useful for 

establishing future practices of type usage and collection conservation. Fisher and Ludwig clearly have set the standard for 

future compilations of information on type specimens in collections at natural history museums.

This type catalog is another outstanding example of a reference narrowly intended for mammalian taxonomists, but one 

that also will prove broadly relevant for students of mammalian systematics for decades to come. Improved and expanded 

information about a museum’s type holdings and better access to 

that information promote the relevance and importance of type 

collections and help ensure the continued proper stewardship of 

these irreplaceable specimens.

Robert P. Reynolds

Station Leader, USGS Biological Survey Unit

Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 

National Museum of Natural History

Kristofer M. Helgen

Research Zoologist and Curator of Mammals 

Division of Mammals

National Museum of Natural History

19 August 2015

INTRODUCTION

The Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural 

History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution (formerly the United 

States National Museum, USNM) maintains the second largest 

collection of mammalian primary types in the world, numbering 

3,269 published specimens (see Appendix E), of which 3,198 are 

currently extant in our type collection. Type specimens are “the 

international standards of reference that provide objectivity in 

zoological nomenclature” and as such “every institution in which 

name-bearing types are deposited should publish lists of namebearing types in its possession or custody” (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999:79). Although the official 

title of the museum was changed in 1969 (Yochelson, 1985) from 

the United States National Museum to the National Museum of 

Natural History, the correct abbreviation for the museum’s cataloged holdings remains USNM. The abbreviation NMNH refers 

to the museum building and is not used as a prefix for catalog 

numbers, whereas USNM no longer refers to the museum itself 

and is only used in reference to museum catalog numbers. 

The current work is the fourth and final publication in this 

series and covers the orders Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Cetacea as arranged by Wilson and Reeder (2005). It 

follows the recently published Fisher and Ludwig (2012; 843 

specimens reported for the order Rodentia, suborders Sciuromorpha and Castorimorpha), Fisher and Ludwig (2014; 971 

specimens reported for the order Rodentia, suborders Myomorpha, Anomaluromorpha, and Hystricomorpha), and Fisher and 

Ludwig (2015; 841 specimens reported for the orders Didelphimorphia through Chiroptera, excluding Rodentia). Together, 

these four publications represent the third complete type catalog 

of USNM mammals published to date, following Lyon and Osgood (1909; 1,415 specimens reported) and Poole and Schantz 

(1942; 2,824 specimens reported). We continue to deviate from 

both Lyon and Osgood (1909) and Poole and Schantz (1942) 

and follow the precedent set by the NMNH Division of Fishes 

(Vari and Howe, 1991) and Division of Amphibians and Reptiles (Reynolds et al., 2007), as continued by Fisher and Ludwig 

(2012, 2014, 2015), in which the type collection is divided into 

smaller, more manageable taxonomic reports, rather than addressed in a single monograph.

Categories of Name-Bearing Types Included

Specimens included in this catalog are one of the following 

as defined by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 

hereafter ICZN, 1999).

Holotype. The single specimen upon which a new nominal 

species-group taxon is based in the original publication (Article 

73.1).

Syntype. Any one of the multiple specimens on which a 

species-group name is equally based when no holotype was specified in the original publication and no subsequent designation 

of a lectotype has been published (Article 73.2). Syntypes are 
NUMBER 646 • 3

referred to as cotypes in Lyon and Osgood (1909) and Poole and 

Schantz (1942) as well as in other early literature.

Lectotype. One specimen selected from two or more specimens upon which a species-group name was originally based and 

designated in a publication subsequent to the original description to become the unique name bearer (Article 74.1).

Neotype. A specimen chosen as the name bearer of a speciesgroup taxon if no holotype, lectotype, syntype, or prior neotype 

is believed to be extant (Article 75.1).

Research Approach

In the early 1970s, accounts from a copy of Poole and 

Schantz (1942) were physically cut out and pasted onto 5 × 7 

index cards to create a master card file of types. Additional cards 

were created and added to the file as new taxa were described 

and their types installed in the collection. We checked the information on each card against the original description, the original skin label (when present), and the field catalog entry (when 

available). Information on each index card, often annotated by 

hand, thus served as the nucleus of each of the accounts. Other 

unpublished catalogs, such as the Museum Catalog, Merriam 

Collection Catalog, and X-Catalog, were consulted as needed.

Authors in Wilson and Reeder (2005) are followed for currently accepted names unless an online search of Zoological 

Record uncovered more recent taxonomic arrangement or we became aware of an error and attribution. In the taxonomic order 

presented herein (see the next section), this search was conducted 

from June 2014 for the beginning accounts through March 2015 

for the later accounts. Each specimen record in the collection database was corrected as needed to reflect new information. The 

type publication citation was added to the electronic record if 

not already present. 

Digital images will be created for each specimen and include 

dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of crania; dorsal and lateral 

views of mandibles; dorsal and ventral views of skins (lateral 

if possibly diagnostic); and both sides of all labels. All images 

feature a metric scale bar. Additional views will be included if 

deemed appropriate. For lateral images, the traditional view of 

the left aspect will be presented except for skulls whose right side 

is more complete because of damage on the left. We will record 

specimen damage not captured in these images in the associated 

metadata when readily apparent but will not inspect specimens 

for minute damage. Images will be uploaded to the specimen 

database as they become available and can be accessed via the 

Internet (http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/mammals/). Images will be created in the order in which accounts are presented 

and are now available for the Sciuromorpha and Geomyidae. 

We anticipate it will take about eight years for all images to be 

completed for specimens in this catalog. These images will not 

only serve as indicators of specimen condition but also will allow 

researchers to verify certain characters of a type without having 

to visit the NMNH and handle the specimens, thereby providing 

a convenience to researchers and minimizing possible damage to 

irreplaceable specimens.

Classificatory Organization

Orders and families are arranged sequentially following 

Wilson and Reeder (2005). Within families, currently recognized 

genera are arranged alphabetically. Within each currently recognized genus, the specimen accounts are arranged alphabetically 

by original published name.

Format of Accounts

We follow the format set by Fisher and Ludwig (2014). Each 

account reads as follows:

• Original published name: Genus, species, and subspecies 

in bold followed by the author’s or authors’ names.

• Abbreviated type citation: Publication, volume, page, 

and date of publication. Dates are given as day, month 

(three-letter abbreviation), and year throughout.

• Currently recognized name: Genus, species, and subspecies, if different from the original published name, followed by the citation for the first use of current name 

combination for the taxon. Author names in parentheses 

indicate the generic name used in the original description 

is different than the current generic one. Current names 

are those used by the authors in Wilson and Reeder 

(2005) unless more recent authors are cited.

• Type designation (holotype, lectotype, neotype, or syntype): USNM catalog number(s), preparation of specimen, age and sex, date collected and collector(s) name(s), 

and original number, which is usually the field number.

• Type locality: Exact locality as given in the original description or lectotype designation, published restrictions, 

and supplementary data. Abbreviations are used for 

miles (mi), kilometers (km), feet (ft), and meters (m).

• Remarks: Additional information is provided as needed, 

but especially to explain types designated prior to becoming part of the USNM collection and reasons for considering certain specimens to be types when not specified as 

such in the original publication.

We make an effort to distinguish information that was included in the original description from that added later from 

other sources. Added information, such as amended or restricted 

localities, is given with citations. Brackets are used to identify 

supplementary data not contained in the original description 

and, when not from commonly used sources such as maps or 

online gazetteers, are attributed to a collector’s Field Catalog 

(FC), the Smithsonian Institution’s Museum Catalog (MC), the 

Merriam Collection Catalog (MCC), the skin label (SL), the XCatalog (XC), or a citation. Parentheses are placed around metric equivalents and current place names when this information 

was not included in the original publication.

Prior to January 1893, the USNM used a double-number 

cataloging system in which skins and fluid-preserved specimens 

were entered in one catalog and skeletal material in another. 

Many older specimens therefore have two numbers associated 
4 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with them, and the proper museum record is indicated by a fraction such as 23651/31045. In this example, the numerator on a 

skin label indicates 23651 as the skin to which skull 31045 belongs; on the associated skull label, 31045/23651, the numerator 

indicates 31045 as a skull to which the skin 23651 belongs. This 

cataloging system was abandoned at the end of 1892, after which 

a single, continuous numbering system was implemented for all 

specimen parts. The new system was initiated in January 1893, 

beginning with number 50001. The C. Hart Merriam private collection (MCC), donated to the USNM in 1911 and mentioned in 

many accounts, also used the double-numbering system.

Beginning in 1896 with the Biological Survey and continuing through 5 October 1951 with the Fish and Wildlife Service, 

specimens incidentally acquired through exchange or purchase 

or received from or collected by persons other than permanent 

staff were entered in a separate catalog, known as the X-Catalog, 

prior to transfer to the Division of Mammals for formal cataloging. The X-Catalog thus served as an ersatz field catalog, and its 

entries frequently have data (referenced as XC) that were never 

entered into the museum catalog or onto skin labels. X-Catalog 

numbers are identified with an “-X” suffix.

Acknowledgments

We thank Robert P. Reynolds, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, NMNH, and Kristofer M. Helgen, Division of 

Mammals, NMNH, supervisors of Fisher and Ludwig, respectively, for support and encouragement to undertake this project. 

Funds to purchase the photographic setup, in order of significance, were provided by Carol E. Butler, assistant director for 

collections, NMNH; Don E. Wilson, chair, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, NMNH (since retired); and Robert P. Reynolds, to all of whom we are thankful. We are greatly indebted to 

David F. Schmidt, Division of Mammals, NMNH (since retired), 

with support from Linda K. Gordon, Division of Mammals, 

NMNH (since retired), who spent a considerable amount of 

time researching photographic equipment and methods, ordered 

the equipment, and set it up. Advice on photographic equipment, setup, and technique was graciously provided to David by 

Melvin J. Wachowiak and Elizabeth Webb, Museum Conservation Institute, Smithsonian Institution; Roy and Jason Larimer, 

Visionary Digital; and James L. Di Loreto, Office of Imaging 

and Photographic Services, NMNH. Renee Regan, a contractor working on funds provided by the Smithsonian Institution, 

Collection Information System, Information Resources Management pool, is currently doing photography for our earlier type 

catalog, and we hope to obtain additional funds to continue photography for the current publication. Alfred L. Gardner, USGS 

Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, NMNH, provided valuable 

insight to numerous taxonomic issues and guidance in interpreting various provisions of the International Code of Zoological 

Nomenclature. We thank James G. Mead, emeritus curator of 

marine mammals, Division of Mammals, NMNH, for making 

his vast library and reprint file available to us and for assisting 

with many questions concerning the cetaceans. Our thanks also 

go to Charles W. Potter, collections manager, marine mammals, 

NMNH (retired), and John Ososky, museum specialist, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, NMNH, for their assistance in locating some of the cetaceans housed off site. Alfred L. Gardner 

and Robert P. Reynolds, both USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Research 

Center, NMNH, and Don E. Wilson, Division of Mammals, 

NMNH (retired), read an earlier version of the manuscript and 

provided valuable comments. Finally, we thank Deborah Stultz, 

publication specialist, Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 

who expertly guided all four of our type catalogs through the 

publication process.

ACCOUNTS OF NAME-BEARING TYPE 

SPECIMENS

Order Carnivora Bowdich, 1821

Family Felidae Fischer, 1817

Genus Acinonyx Brookes, 1828

Acinonyx jubatus raineyi Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(19): 9, 8 Nov 1913a.

Holotype: USNM 182321. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

13 Oct 1911 by P. J. Rainey. Original number Heller 2639.

Type Locality: Ulu, Kapiti Plains [SL: Kapiti Station], [Eastern 

Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Acinonyx jubatus velox Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(19): 7, 8 Nov 1913a.

= Acinonyx jubatus raineyi Heller, 1913. See Smithers (1975:2) 

for name combination and Caro (2013:188) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 163096. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

12 Jun 1909 by K. Roosevelt. Original number Heller 107.

Type Locality: [SL: Sotik Agatis, Guaso Nyro (Ewaso Ngiro)], 

Lolita Plains, [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Felis Linnaeus, 1758

Felis ocreata nandae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 14, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Felis sylvestris ugandae (Schwann, 1904). See Wozencraft 

(2005:537).

Holotype: USNM 182367. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 9 Feb 1912 by E. Heller. Original number 2688.

Type Locality: [SL: Kisumu], altitude 7,000 ft (2,134 m), headwaters of the Lukosa River, Nandi escarpment, [Rift Valley], 

British East Africa (Kenya).

Felis ocreata taitae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 14, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Felis sylvestris ugandae (Schwann, 1904). See Wozencraft 

(2005:537).
NUMBER 646 • 5

Holotype: USNM 182220. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 27 Oct 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2533.

Type Locality: Voi, [Coast Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858

We follow Sicuro (2010) and Segura et al. (2013) for use of 

the genus Herpailurus for the species yagouaroundi.

Felis apache Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 150, 9 Aug 1901c.

= Herpailurus yagouaroundi cacomitli (Berlandier, 1859). See de 

Oliveira (1998a:1)

Holotype: USNM 1373. Skull only. Youngish adult female. Collected on unknown date by Dr. [J. L.] Berlandier. [MC: Cataloged 25 Jan 1855]. No original number.

Type Locality: Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Felis cacomitli Berlandier

In Baird, Rep. U.S. Mexican Bound. Surv., vol. 2, pt. 2: 12 Jan 1859.

= Herpailurus yagouaroundi cacomitli (Berlandier, 1859). See 

Weigel (1961:53).

Holotype: USNM 1426. Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:207): Adult] [MC: female]. Collected in [MC: 1840 

by J. L. Berlandier]. Received from D. N. Couch. No original number.

Type Locality: [MC: Matamoras (Matamoros)], [Tamaulipas, 

Mexico].

Felis fossata Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 150, 9 Aug 1901c.

= Herpailurus yagouaroundi fossata (Mearns, 1901). See Weigel 

(1961:53).

Holotype: USNM 7036. Skull only. Adult, sex not given. Collected on unknown date by Dr. [SL: A.] Schott. [MC: Original number 952. Cataloged 8 Jul 1866].

Type Locality: Merida, Yucatan, [Mexico].

Genus Leopardus Gray, 1842

Felis aequatorialis Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 25: 246, 17 Sep 1902.

= Leopardus pardalis aequatorialis (Mearns, 1902). See J. A. 

Allen (1919:347).

Holotype: USNM 113267. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 2 Nov 1899 by G. Flemming. Original number 22.

Type Locality: Paramba, altitude 3,500 ft (1,067 m), [Imbabura], 

northern Ecuador.

Felis costaricensis Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 25: 245, 17 Sep 1902.

Junior primary homonym of Felis bangsi costaricensis Merriam, 

1901. Renamed Felis mearnsi by J. A. Allen (1904:71).

= Leopardus pardalis aequatorialis (Mearns, 1902). See Murray 

and Gardner (1997:1).

Holotype: USNM 14180. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 

by W. M. Gabb, date unknown. [MC: Cataloged 19 Nov 

1874]. Original number [SL: 73].

Type Locality: Talamanca, [Limon], Costa Rica.

Remarks: Although the description was based on the skull, there 

should be a skin, USNM 12180, as well. The museum catalog for the skin is marked as not found, 22 Oct 1902. It is 

still missing.

Felis glaucula oaxacensis Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 12: 303, 24 Aug 1931a.

= Leopardus wiedii oaxacensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1931). 

See de Oliveira (1998b:1).

Holotype: USNM 68169. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

31 Aug 1894 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. Original number [SL: 6697].

Type Locality: Cerro San Felipe, altitude 10,000 ft (3,048 m), 

[Miller and Kellogg (1955:772): near Oaxaca], Oaxaca, 

Mexico.

Felis glaucula yucatanica Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 12: 304, 24 Aug 1931a.

= Leopardus wiedii yucatanicus (Nelson and Goldman, 1931). 

See de Oliveira (1998b:1).

Holotype: USNM 8612. Skin only. Age and sex not given. Collected by [A.] Schott, date unknown. Cataloged 4 Aug 1866. 

Original number [MC: 955].

Type Locality: Merida, Yucatan, [Mexico].

Felis limitis Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 146, 9 Aug 1901a.

= Leopardus pardalis albescens (Pucheran, 1855). See Murray 

and Gardner (1997:1).

Holotype: USNM 32679/44602. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 4 Mar 1892 by F. B. Armstrong. Original number 102.

Type Locality: Brownsville, [Cameron County], Texas.

Felis pardalis nelsoni Goldman

J. Mammal. 6: 122, 12 May 1925.

= Leopardus pardalis nelsoni (Goldman, 1925). See Murray and 

Gardner (1997:1).

Holotype: USNM 32642/44565. Skin and skull. Old male. Collected 11 Feb 1892 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 1862.

Type Locality: Manzanillo, [FC: altitude 50 ft (15 m)], Colima, 

Mexico.

Felis pardalis sonoriensis Goldman

J. Mammal. 6: 123, 12 May 1925.

= Leopardus pardalis sonoriensis (Goldman, 1925). See Murray 

and Gardner (1997:1).

Holotype: USNM 96216. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

3 Dec 1898 by E. A. Goldman. Original number [FC: Nelson and Goldman] 13268.

Type Locality: Camoa, [FC: altitude about 800 ft (244 m)], Rio 

Mayo, Sonora, Mexico.
6 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Felis pirrensis Goldman

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 63(5): 4, 14 Mar 1914.

= Leopardus wiedii pirrensis (Goldman, 1914). See de Oliveira 

(1998b:1).

Holotype: USNM 179162. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 

22 Mar 1912 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 21559.

Type Locality: Cana, altitude 2,000 ft (610 m), [FC: 1,800 ft 

(549 m)], [Darien], Panama.

Felis wiedii cooperi Goldman

J. Mammal. 24: 384, 17 Aug 1943a.

= Leopardus wiedii cooperi (Goldman, 1943). See Wozencraft 

(2005:540).

Holotype: USNM 25. Skin only. Age and sex not given. Collected on unknown date by S. Cooper. Cataloged 13 Feb 

1852. No original number.

Type Locality: Eagle Pass, [Maverick County], Texas.

Lynchailurus colocolo wolffsohni Garcia-Perea

Am. Mus. Novit. 3096: 30, 19 May 1994.

= Leopardus colocolo wolffsohni (Garcia-Perea, 1994). See 

Wozencraft (2005:538).

Holotype: USNM 391853. Skin and skull. Adult of unknown 

sex. Collected [MC: Feb 1944?], collector unknown. No 

original number. Donated by G. Mann in 1949.

Type Locality: Rio Camarones, between 2,000 and 4,000 m, 

provincia Tarapaca, Chile.

Genus Lynx Kerr, 1792

Lynx baileyi Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 3: 79, 11 Sep 1890a.

= Lynx rufus baileyi Merriam, 1890. See Grinnell and Dixon 

(1924:349).

Holotype: USNM 186519. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 28 Dec 1888 by V. Bailey. Original number 466. Merriam collection number 5214/5909.

Type Locality: Moccasin Spring, [Hoffmeister (1986:529): Mohave County], Arizona.

Remarks: This specimen was published as Merriam collection number 

5214/5909. It was cataloged as USNM 186519 on 25 Oct 1911.

Lynx fasciatus pallescens Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 16: 104, 28 Oct 1899.

= Lynx rufus pallescens Merriam, 1899. See Grinnell and Dixon 

(1924:350).

Holotype: USNM 76585. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

10 Jan 1896, not 1895 as in original description, by D. N. 

Kaegi. Original number 23.

Type Locality: South base of Mount Adams, near Trout Lake, 

[Klickitat County], Washington.

Lynx rufus californicus Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 2, 12 Jan 1897a. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 458, 24 Dec 1897b.

Holotype: USNM 1588/37163. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 2 Feb 1856 by J. F. Hammond. No original number.

Type Locality: San Diego, [San Diego County], California.

Lynx rufus eremicus Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 1, 12 Jan 1897a. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 457, 24 Dec 1897b.

= Lynx rufus baileyi Merriam, 1890. See Grinnell and Dixon 

(1924:349).

Holotype: USNM 60676. Skin, skull, [and tail vertebrae]. Adult 

male. Collected 5 May 1894 by [E. A.] Mearns. Original 

number [FC: Mearns and Holzner] 3506.

Type Locality: New River, 6 mi (10 km) northwest of Laguna 

Station, on the Colorado Desert, San Diego (now Imperial) 

County, California.

Lynx uinta Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 71, 22 Mar 1902a.

= Lynx rufus pallescens Merriam, 1899. See Grinnell and Dixon 

(1924:350).

Holotype: USNM 18915/25648. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 11 May 1890 by V. Bailey. Original number 1156.

Type Locality: Bridger Pass, south slope of Uinta Mountains, 

[Carbon County], Wyoming.

Genus Panthera Oken, 1816

Felis centralis Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 139, 9 Aug 1901b.

= Panthera onca centralis (Mearns, 1901). See Pocock (1939:419).

Holotype: USNM 14177/12177. Skull only. Adult, probably 

male. Collected on unknown date by W. M. Gabb. Original 

number [MC: 47]. Cataloged [MC: 19 Nov 1874].

Type Locality: Talamanca, [Miller and Kellogg (1955:768): 

probably near Sipurio, in valley of Rio Sixaola], [Limon], 

Costa Rica.

Remarks: The skin, USNM 12177, was missing at the time of 

description and still is.

Felis hernandesii goldmani Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 142, 9 Aug 1901b.

= Panthera onca goldmani (Mearns, 1901). See Pocock 

(1939:421).

Holotype: USNM 105930. Skin only. Adult, sex not given. Collected 5 Jan 1901 by E. A. Goldman. No original number.

Type Locality: Yohaltan (Yohaltún), Campeche, Mexico.

Remarks: The museum catalog has a remark stating that this 

specimen was purchased.

Felis leo nyanzae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(19): 4, 8 Nov 1913a.

= Panthera leo nyanzae (Heller, 1913). See Wozencraft (2005: 

546).

Holotype: USNM 164551. Skin [and fragments of skull]. Adult 

male. Received 30 Dec 1909. Gift of European residents 
NUMBER 646 • 7

[SL and MC: M. Moses] to T. Roosevelt. Original number 

Heller 580.

Type Locality: Kampala, [Kampala], Uganda.

Felis leo roosevelti Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(19): 2, 8 Nov 1913a.

= Panthera leo massaica (Neumann, 1900). See Wozencraft 

(2005:546).

Holotype: USNM 144054. Skin, skull, [and brain in fluid]. Old 

male. Presented by Emperor (King) Menelik to President T. 

Roosevelt in 1904. [MC: Collected 19 Mar 1904]. Died at 

the National Zoological Park (NZP) [SL: 14 Nov 1906], 

[NZP data card: 13 Nov 1906]. Original number NZP 

1151/5307.

Type Locality: Near Addis Ababa (Adis Abeba), [Adis Abeba], 

highlands of Abyssinia (Ethiopia).

Felis notialis Hollister

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 48: 170, 16 Dec 1914a.

= Panthera onca paraguensis (Hollister, 1914). See Seymour 

(1989:1).

Holotype: USNM 4361. Skull only. Adult male. Collected Aug 

1860 by T. J. Page. No original number.

Type Locality: [SL: Parana], San Jose, Entre Rios, Argentina.

Felis onca arizonensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 144, 9 Sep 1932a.

= Panthera onca arizonensis (Goldman, 1932). See Pocock 

(1939:420).

Holotype: USNM 244507. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

12 Apr 1924 by J. Funk. [SL: Purchased through M. E. Musgrave]. No original number. X-Catalog number 23633-X.

Type Locality: Near Cibecue, Navajo County, Arizona.

Felis onca coxi Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 14: 225, 17 Aug 1933.

= Panthera onca onca (Linnaeus, 1758). See Pocock (1939:410).

Holotype: USNM 256388. Skull only. Adult female. Collected in 

1931 by W. T. Cox. No original number.

Type Locality: North of Rio Doce, Espiritu Santo, Brazil.

Felis onca paulensis Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 14: 228, 17 Aug 1933.

= Panthera onca paraguensis (Hollister, 1914). See Seymour 

(1989:1).

Holotype: USNM 100123. Skull only. Adult female. Collected 

Jun 1900, collector unknown. Received from H. von Ihering. No original number. [SL: 2629-X].

Type Locality: Sao Paulo region, southeastern Brazil, exact locality undetermined.

Felis onca veraecrucis Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 14: 236, 17 Aug 1933.

= Panthera onca veraecrucis (Nelson and Goldman, 1933). See 

Pocock (1939:421).

Holotype: USNM 67403. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 24 

Apr 1894 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. Original 

number 6090.

Type Locality: San Andres Tuxtla, [FC: altitude 1,000 ft (305 m), 

Vera Cruz (Veracruz), Mexico.

Felis paraguensis Hollister

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 48: 169, 16 Dec 1914a.

= Panthera onca paraguensis (Hollister, 1914). See Seymour 

(1989:1).

Holotype: USNM 4128. Skull only. Adult male. Collected on unknown date by T. J. Page. Cataloged Jun 1860.

Type Locality: Paraguay.

Remarks: According to the museum catalog, there should be a 

skin in alcohol, USNM 2293, but it cannot be found.

Felis pardus chui Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(19): 6, 8 Nov 1913a.

= Panthera pardus pardus (Linnaeus, 1758). See Miththapala et 

al. (1996:1126).

Holotype: USNM 164764. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 26 Feb 1910 by E. Heller. Original number 653.

Type Locality: [FC: Lake 7 mi (11 km) east of] Gondokoro, 

[Central Equatoria], northern Uganda (South Sudan).

Remarks: Stein and Hayssen (2013:33) erroneously listed chui as 

a synonym of fusca.

Felis pardus fortis Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(19): 5, 8 Nov 1913a.

= Panthera pardus pardus (Linnaeus, 1758). See Miththapala et 

al. (1996:1126).

Holotype: USNM 181600. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected [SL: 28 May 1911] by Mr. Aggate. Original number 

Heller 2309.

Type Locality: In the bush country bordering Aggate’s farm, 

Loita Plains, Southern Guaso Nyiro district, [Rift Valley], 

British East Africa (Kenya).

Leo leo hollisteri J. A. Allen

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 47: 229, 11 Apr 1924.

= Panthera leo hollisteri (J. A. Allen, 1924). See Wozencraft 

(2005:546).

Holotype: USNM 181568. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

18 Apr 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2054.

Type Locality: Lime Springs, Sotik, [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858

Felis tinga Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34: 658, 14 Sep 1908.

= Prionailurus bengalensis sumatranus Horsfield, 1821. See 

Groves (1997:335).

Holotype: USNM 144325. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 24 Jan 1907 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 5022.
8 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Type Locality: Pulo Tebing Tinggi (Pulau Tebingtinggi), [Riau], 

off east coast of Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Genus Puma Jardine, 1834

Felis arundivaga Hollister

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 176, 16 Jun 1911a.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005:545).

Holotype: USNM 137122. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 17 

Jun 1905 by B. V. Lilly. Original number [XC: 1]. [SL: 5431-X].

Type Locality: [XC: Cocodie Bayou], 12 mi (19 km) southwest 

of Vidalia, Concordia Parish, Louisiana.

Felis aztecus browni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 73, 29 May 1903.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005:545).

Holotype: USNM 125719. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

Feb 1903 by H. Brown. No original number. [SL: 3908-X].

Type Locality: Lower Colorado River, 12 mi (19 km) south of 

Yuma, [Yuma County], Arizona.

Felis concolor acrocodia Goldman

J. Mammal. 24: 230, 8 Jun 1943b.

= Puma concolor concolor (Linnaeus, 1771). See Nacimento and 

Garbino (2013:195) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 273256. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 25 

Nov 1925 by F. W. Miller. No original number. [SL: 31036-X].

Type Locality: Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Remarks: Formerly Colorado Museum of Natural History number 2390.

Felis concolor greeni Nelson and Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 211, 19 May 1931b.

= Puma concolor concolor (Linnaeus, 1771). See Nacimento and 

Garbino (2013:195) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 249896. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected Nov 1930 by E. C. Green. No original number. [SL: 

26600-X].

Type Locality: [XC: Near] Curraes Novos, Rio Grande do Norte, 

Brazil.

Felis concolor incarum Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 10: 347, 11 Nov 1929a.

= Puma concolor discolor (Schreber, 1777). See Nacimento and 

Garbino (2013:197) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 194310. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

Jul 1915 by E. Heller. Original number 566.

Type Locality: Piscocucho (Piscacucho), altitude 8,700 ft (2,651 m), 

Rio Urubamba, Department of Cuzco (Cusco), Peru.

Felis concolor kaibabensis Nelson and Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 209, 19 May 1931b.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005: 

545).

Holotype: USNM 171186. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 15 Apr 1911 by J. T. Owens. No original number. X 

number 8432-X.

Type Locality: Powell Plateau, altitude 8,700 ft (2,652 m), Grand 

Canyon National Park, [Coconino County], Arizona.

Felis concolor mayensis Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 10: 350, 11 Nov 1929a.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005: 

545).

Holotype: USNM 244856. Skin, skull, and skeleton. Adult male. 

Collected 22 Aug 1923 by H. Malleis. Original number 465.

Type Locality: La Libertad, Department of Peten, Guatemala.

Felis concolor missoulensis Goldman

J. Mammal. 24: 229, 8 Jun 1943b.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005: 

545).

Holotype: USNM 262116. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

30 Dec 1936 by R. and C. Thompson. Original number [SL: 

64]. X-Catalog number 27706-X.

Type Locality: Sleeman Creek, about 10 mi (16 km) southwest of 

Missoula, Missoula County, Montana.

Felis concolor vancouverensis Nelson and Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 105, 15 Jul 1932a.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005: 

545).

Holotype: USNM 211519. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 13 

Sep 1915 by W. R. Kent. No original number. X-Catalog 

number 15040-X.

Type Locality: Campbell Lake, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, [Canada].

Felis concolor youngi Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 49: 137, 22 Aug 1936a.

Primary junior homonym of Felis youngi Pei, 1934. Replaced 

with Felis concolor stanleyana by Goldman (1938a:63).

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005: 

545).

Holotype: USNM 251419. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected 6 Oct 1934 by I. Wood. Original number [SL: 

248]. X-Catalog number 27354-X.

Type Locality: Bruni Ranch, near Bruni, southeastern Webb 

County, Texas.

Felis hippolestes Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 219, 15 Jul 1897a.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005: 

545).

Holotype: USNM 57936. [Skin and skull]. Old male. Collected 

in 1892 by [SL: M. A. Frazier. Original number 1]. 

Type Locality: [SL: Cora], Wind River Mountains, near head of 

Big Wind River, [Fremont County], Wyoming.
NUMBER 646 • 9

Felis hippolestes aztecus Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 592, 11 Dec 1901a.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005: 

545).

Holotype: USNM 99658. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

17 Oct 1899 by H. A. Cluff. Original number [XC: 1]. [SL: 

2401-X].

Type Locality: Colonia Garcia, [Miller and Kellogg (1955:775): 

about 60 mi (97 km) southwest of Casas Grandes], Chihuahua, Mexico.

Felis hippolestes olympus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 220, 15 Jul 1897a.

= Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792). See Wozencraft (2005: 

545).

Holotype: USNM 77973. [Skin and skull]. Adult male? Collected 18 Apr 1896 by T. Hayes. No original number.

Type Locality: Lake Cushman, [Mason County], Olympic 

Mountains, Washington.

Felis puma patagonica Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 598, 11 Dec 1901a.

= Puma concolor puma (Molina, 1782). See Wozencraft (2005:545).

Holotype: USNM 108693. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected by [SL: received from] J. B. Hatcher. Original 

number [SL: 3 for skull and 4 for skin. X-Catalog number 

3020-X].

Type Locality: East base Andes Mountains, lat. 47°30′ [SL: S], 

Patagonia (Santa Cruz, Argentina).

Family Viverridae Gray, 1821

Genus Arctictis Temminck, 1824

Arctictis niasensis Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 52: 443, 30 Dec 1916.

= Arctictis binturong albifrons F. G. Cuvier, 1822. See Wozencraft (2005:549).

Holotype: USNM 141230. Imperfect pelt. Age and sex not given. 

Collected by a native in 1905. Original number [MC: W. L. 

Abbott] 3970.

Type Locality: In the hills near Fadoro, [SL: south] Nias Island 

(Pulau Nias), [Sumatera Utara, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Genus Arctogalidia Merriam, 1897

Arctogalidia bicolor Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 7, 29 Dec 1913a.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata stigmaticus (Temminck, 1853). See Pocock (1933a:996).

Holotype: USNM 151875. Skin, skull, [and skeleton]. Adult female. Collected 9 Jan 1908, not 1 Jan as in original description, by W. L. Abbott. Original number 5745, not 3745 as 

in original description.

Type Locality: [FC: Tanjong Batu], Klumpang Bay (Teluk Kelumpang), [Kalimantan Selatan], Dutch Southeast Borneo 

(Kalimantan), [Indonesia].

Arctogalidia depressa Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 8, 29 Dec 1913a.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata fusca Miller, 1906. See Pocock 

(1933a:990).

Holotype: USNM 115600. Skull only. Adult female. Collected 

18 Aug 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1896.

Type Locality: Pulo Bintang (Pulau Bintan), Rhio Archipelago 

(Kepulauan Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Arctogalidia fusca Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 269, 11 Sep 1906a.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata fusca Miller, 1906. See Pocock 

(1933a:990).

Holotype: USNM 122920. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

22 Jun 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2540.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Kundur, Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Arctogalidia inornata Miller

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 131, 26 Mar 1901a.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata inornata Miller, 1901. See Pocock 

(1933a:994).

Holotype: USNM 104859. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

23 Jun 1900 by [MC: W. L. Abbott]. Original number 502.

Type Locality: Bunguran Island (Pulau Natuna Besar), North 

Natunas (Kepulauan Natuna Besar), [Kepulauan Riau, 

Indonesia].

Arctogalidia macra Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 6, 29 Dec 1913a.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata macra Miller, 1913. See Chasen 

(1940:101).

Holotype: USNM 124172. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 26 Jan 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3075.

Type Locality: Domel Island (Letsok-aw Kyun), Mergui Archipelago, [Tanintharyi, Burma].

Arctogalidia major Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19: 25, 26 Feb 1906b.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata major Miller, 1906. See Pocock 

(1933a:983).

Holotype: USNM 83510. Skin and skull. Young adult male. Collected 3 Sep 1896 by W. L. Abbott. No original number.

Type Locality: [MC: Lay Song Hong], Trong (Trang), Siam 

(Thailand).

Arctogalidia mima Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 7, 29 Dec 1913a.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata simplex Miller, 1902. See Pocock 

(1933a:992).
1 0 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Holotype: USNM 142153. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 16 Sep 1905 by C. B. Kloss. Original number 10.

Type Locality: Semimba Bay (Teluk Senimba), Battam Island 

(Pulau Batam), Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Arctogalidia minor Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 599, 18 Dec 1906.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata minor Lyon, 1906. See Chasen (1940:100).

Holotype: USNM 124984. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 3 Aug 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3532.

Type Locality: Buding Bay (Teluk Buding), Billiton Island (Pulau 

Belitung), between Borneo and Sumatra, [Kepulauan 

Bangka Belitung, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Arctogalidia simplex Miller

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 54: 156, 11 Jun 1902.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata simplex Miller, 1902. See Pocock 

(1933a:992).

Holotype: USNM 113069. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

30 Aug 1901 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1254.

Type Locality: [FC: Mentuda Bay], Linga Island (Pulau Lingga), 

South China Sea, [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Arctogalidia sumatrana Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34: 653, 14 Sep 1908.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata sumatrana Lyon, 1908. See Chasen 

(1940:101).

Holotype: USNM 144120. Skin, skull, [and skeleton USNM 

49930]. Adult male. Collected 19 Feb 1907 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 5054.

Type Locality: [FC: Sungai] Makapan, [Riau], eastern Sumatra, 

[Indonesia].

Arctogalidia tinga Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34: 652, 14 Sep 1908.

= Arctogalidia trivirgata tinga Lyon, 1908. See Chasen (1940:101).

Holotype: USNM 144324. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

20 Jan 1907 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 4992.

Type Locality: [FC: Sungai Tohor], Pulo (Pulau) Tebingtinggi, 

[Riau], east coast of Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Genus Genetta G. Cuvier, 1816

Genetta pumila Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 66(1): 4, 10 Feb 1916.

= Genetta fieldiana Du Chaillu, 1860. See remarks.

Holotype: USNM 182704. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

1 Sep 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 4193.

Type Locality: Mount Gargues, North Creek, altitude 6,000 ft 

(1,829 m), [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Remarks: Wozencraft (2005:556) considered pumila a synonym 

of G. maculata Gray, 1830. The International Committee 

on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 2007:205), in opinion 

2183, placed maculata Gray, 1830, on the Official Index of 

Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology. The oldest available name in the list of synonyms for this taxon in 

Wozencraft (2005:556) is fieldiana Du Chaillu, 1860.

Genus Hemigalus Jourdan, 1837

Hemigale minor Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 45: 43, 6 Nov 1903a.

= Hemigalus derbyanus minor Miller, 1903. See Pocock 

(1933a:1006).

Holotype: USNM 121651. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 27 Dec 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2173.

Type Locality: South Pagi Island (Pulau Pagai Selatan), [Sumatera Barat], Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Genus Paguma Gray, 1831

Paradoxurus robustus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19: 26, 26 Feb 1906b.

= Paguma larvata robusta Miller, 1906. See Robinson and Kloss 

(1918:244).

Holotype: USNM 86796. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 13 Feb 1899 by W. L. Abbott. No original number.

Type Locality: [SL: Khow Sai Dow (Khao Soi Dao), altitude 

2,000 ft (610 m)], Trong (Trang), Siam (Thailand).

Genus Paradoxurus F. Cuvier, 1821

Paradoxurus brunneipes Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 269, 11 Sep 1906a.

= Paradoxurus hermaphroditus musanga (Raffles, 1821). See Pocock (1934:638).

Holotype: USNM 122886. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

24 Jun 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2549.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Kundur, Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Paradoxurus canescens Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 597, 18 Dec 1906.

= Paradoxurus hermaphroditus canescens Lyon, 1906. See Pocock (1934:648).

Holotype: USNM 124943. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

19 Jul 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3520.

Type Locality: Tanjong Batu, Island of Billiton (Pulau Belitung), 

between Sumatra and Borneo, [Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, 

Sumatra, Indonesia].

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus canus Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 5, 29 Dec 1913a.

Holotype: USNM 123976. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 7 Apr 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3209.
NUMBER 646 • 1 1

Type Locality: Pulo Terutau (Ko Tarutao), [Satun], Lower Siam 

(Thailand).

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus enganus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 52: 442, 30 Dec 1916.

Holotype: USNM 141026. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 11 Nov 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3782.

Type Locality: Engano Island (Pulau Enggano), [Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus fuscus Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 3, 29 Dec 1913a.

= Paradoxurus hermaphroditus milleri Kloss, 1908. See Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:288).

Holotype: USNM 124075. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 2 Jan 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2982.

Type Locality: [FC: Sir William] James Island (Pulo Buda), Mergui Archipelago, [Tanintharyi, Burma].

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pallens Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 4, 29 Dec 1913a.

Holotype: USNM 124201. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 4 Feb 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3106.

Type Locality: Kisseraing Island, Mergui Archipelago, [Tanintharyi, Burma].

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pugnax Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 4, 29 Dec 1913a.

Holotype: USNM 124100. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 5 Jan 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2999.

Type Locality: Sullivan (Lampi) Island, Mergui Archipelago, 

[Tanintharyi, Burma].

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pulcher Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 5, 29 Dec 1913a.

Holotype: USNM 124142. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 11 Jan 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 

3033.

Type Locality: Clara Island, Mergui Archipelago, [Tanintharyi, 

Burma].

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus ravus Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 2, 29 Dec 1913a.

= Paradoxurus hermaphroditus minor Bonhote, 1903. See 

Wozencraft (2005:551).

Holotype: USNM 84429. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 5 Mar 1897 by W. L. Abbott. No original number.

Type Locality: Trong (Trang), [Trang], Lower Siam (Thailand).

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus sacer Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 4, 29 Dec 1913a.

Holotype: USNM 124032. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 27 Dec 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2934.

Type Locality: Saint Matthew (Za Det Gyi) Island, Mergui Archipelago, [Tanintharyi, Burma].

Paradoxurus hermaproditus [sic] senex Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 3, 29 Dec 1913a.

Holotype: USNM 124171. Skin and skull. Immature male. 

Collected 26 Jan 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 

3074.

Type Locality: Domel Island (Letsok-aw Kyun), Mergui Archipelago, [Tanintharyi, Burma].

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus simplex Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 6, 29 Dec 1913a.

Holotype: USNM 124902. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

26 Jun 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3443.

Type Locality: [FC: West side] Klabat Bay (Teluk Klabat), Banka 

(Pulau Bangka), [Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Sumatra, 

Indonesia].

Paradoxurus lignicolor Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 45: 44, 6 Nov 1903a.

= Paradoxurus hermaphroditus lignicolor Miller, 1903. See 

Chasen and Kloss (1927:815).

Holotype: USNM 121645. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

19 Nov 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2068.

Type Locality: North Pagi Island (Pulau Pagai Utara), [Sumatera 

Barat], Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Paradoxurus padangus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34: 655, 14 Sep 1908.

= Paradoxurus hermaphroditus musanga (Raffles, 1821). See Pocock (1934:638).

Holotype: USNM 143614. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

1 Apr 1906 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 4791.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Padang, [Riau], east coast of Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Paradoxurus parvus Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(21): 1, 29 Dec 1913a.

= Paradoxurus hermaphroditus parvus Miller, 1913. See Pocock 

(1934:647).

Holotype: USNM 114175. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

15 Dec 1901 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1385.

Type Locality: [FC: Sibabo], Simalur Island (Pulau Simeulue), 

[Aceh], off west coast of Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Genus Viverricula Hodgson, 1838

Viverricula malaccensis thai Kloss

J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam 3: 352, 31 Dec 1919.

= Viverricula indica thai Kloss, 1919. See Pocock (1933b:650).

Holotype: USNM 236629. Skin and skull. Aged female. Collected 20 Nov 1916 by C. B. Kloss. Original number 2449.
1 2 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Type Locality: Prapatom, [SL: 30 mi (48 km) west of Bangkok], 

central Siam (Thailand).

Remarks: Published as C. B. Kloss number 2449. Cataloged as 

USNM 236629 on 19 Jul 1920.

Family Nandiniidae Pocock, 1929

Genus Nandinia Gray, 1843

Nandinia binotata arborea Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 9, 16 Sep 1913b.

Holotype: USNM 182374. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 11 Feb 1912 by E. Heller. Original number 2695.

Type Locality: Lukosa River, northeast of Kisumu, British East 

Africa (Kenya).

Family Herpestidae Bonaparte, 1845

Genus Atilax F. Cuvier, 1826

Mungos paludinosus rubescens Hollister

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 1, 23 Jan 1912a.

= Atilax paludinosus rubescens (Hollister, 1912). See Hollister 

(1918:127).

Holotype: USNM 19775/35251. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 8 Nov 1889 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 

[SL: 2a].

Type Locality: Mount Kilimanjaro, altitude 4,000 ft (1,219 m), 

[Kilimanjaro, Tanzania], Africa.

Genus Bdeogale Peters, 1850

Bdeogale crassicauda omnivora Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 12, 16 Sep 1913b.

Holotype: USNM 182275. [Skin, skull, and embryo numbered 

USNM 184370 in alcohol]. Adult female. Collected 21 Dec 

1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2588.

Type Locality: Mazeras, [Coast Province], British East Africa 

(Kenya).

Genus Galerella Gray, 1865

Mungos dentifer Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 10, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Galerella sanguinea dentifer (Heller, 1913). See Wozencraft 

(2005:566).

Holotype: USNM 182732. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. 

Collected 14 Dec 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 

4865.

Type Locality: Maji-ya-Chumvi, [Coast Province], British East 

Africa (Kenya).

Remarks: Although Poole and Schantz (1942:104) stated that 

the skull was in good condition, it could not be found in 

1970 and is still missing.

Mungos sanguineus orestes Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(17): 15, 28 Feb 1911.

= Galerella sanguinea orestes (Heller, 1911). See J. A. Allen 

(1924:178).

Holotype: USNM 164152. [Skin and skull.] Adult male. Collected 12 Oct 1909 by J. A. Loring. Original number 7934.

Type Locality: West slope of Mt. Kenia (Kenya), altitude 8,500 ft 

(2,591 m), British East Africa (Kenya).

Mungos sanguineus parvipes Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 66(1): 5, 10 Feb 1916.

= Galerella sanguinea parvipes (Hollister, 1916). See Wozencraft 

(2005:566).

Holotype: USNM 182739. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

5 Feb 1912 by E. Heller. Original number 5601.

Type Locality: Kaimosi, [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Helogale Gray, 1862

Helogale undulata affinis Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 66(1): 7, 10 Feb 1916.

= Helogale parvula affinis Hollister, 1916. Status uncertain according to Coetzee (1977:31), and more recent authors do 

not mention it. Wozencraft (1993:304) listed affinis as a 

synonym of parvula of unspecified rank.

Holotype: USNM 182715. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

2 Sep 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 4296.

Type Locality: Summit of Mount Lololokwi, altitude 6,000 ft 

(1,829 m), British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Ichneumia I. Geoffroy, 1837

Mungos albicaudus dialeucos Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 66(1): 6, 10 Feb 1916.

= Ichneumia albicauda dialeucos (Hollister, 1916). See Hollister 

(1918:131).

Holotype: USNM 184794. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

18 Sep 1911 by E. Heller. Original number [SL: 693].

Type Locality: Mount Lololokwi, British East Africa (Kenya).

Mungos albicaudus ferox Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 11, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Ichneumia albicauda ibeana (Thomas, 1904). See Hollister 

(1918:130).

Holotype: USNM 163294. [Skin, skull, and partial skeleton]. 

Adult female. Collected 25 Nov 1909 by E. A. Mearns. 

Original number 7275.

Type Locality: Changamwe, [Coast Province], British East Africa 

(Kenya).

Genus Mungos E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier, 1795

Crossarchus fasciatus colonus Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(17): 16, 28 Feb 1911.
NUMBER 646 • 1 3

= Mungos mungo colonus (Heller, 1911). See G. M. Allen and 

Lawrence (1936:65).

Holotype: USNM 162132. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 21 Jun 1909 by E. Heller and [SL: J. A. Loring]. Original number [FC: JAL] 6396.

Type Locality: Southern Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso Ngiro) River, Sotik 

District, [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Family Hyaenidae Gray, 1828

Genus Crocuta Kaup, 1828

Crocuta crocuta fisi Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(22): 5, 26 Jan 1914a.

= Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben, 1777). Subspecies not recognized 

by Wozencraft (2005:572).

Holotype: USNM 182078. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 23 Jul 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2385.

Type Locality: Merille Waterholes, [SL: Marsabit Road], midway 

between the Northern Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso Ngiro) River 

and Mount Marsabit, [Eastern Province], British East Africa 

(Kenya).

Genus Proteles I. Geoffroy, 1824

Proteles cristata termes Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 9, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Proteles cristata (Sparrman, 1783). Subspecies not recognized 

by Wozencraft (2005:572).

Holotype: USNM 181523. [Skin, skull, and skeleton]. Adult female. Collected 8 May 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 

2154.

Type Locality: [MC: Kabalolot Hill, Sotik], headwaters of the 

Amala River, west of Loita Plains, [Rift Valley], British East 

Africa (Kenya).

Family Canidae Fischer, 1817

Genus Canis Linnaeus, 1758

Canis estor Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 31, 15 Mar 1897b.

= Canis latrans mearnsi Merriam, 1897. See Jackson (1951:298).

Holotype: USNM 57141. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. 

Collected 20 Nov 1893 by J. A. Loring. Original number 

1379.

Type Locality: Noland’s Ranch [SL: or Trading Post], San Juan 

River, [San Juan County], [SL: southwestern] Utah.

Canis floridanus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 95, 4 May 1912a.

= Canis rufus floridanus Miller, 1912. See Goldman (1937a:45) 

for subspecific designation and Chambers et al. (2012:34) 

for use of C. rufus.

Holotype: USNM 19376/38488. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 12 Aug 1890 by [SL: I. Thomas], presented by W. L. 

Ralph.

Type Locality: Horse Landing, St. Johns River, [MC: about 12 mi 

(19 km) south of Palatka], [Putnam County], Florida.

Canis frustror Woodhouse

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 5: 147, recommended for publication 

4 Feb 1851.

= Canis latrans frustror Woodhouse, 1851. See Jackson 

(1951:271).

Lectotype as designated herein: USNM 4105. Skin only. Young 

male. Collected in Aug 1850 by S. W. Woodhouse. No original number.

Type Locality: Red Fork of the Arkansas River, now Cimarron 

River, near 97° west longitude near the present town of Perkins, Payne County, Oklahoma.

Remarks: A holotype was not designated in the original description, and no museum numbers were given. Woodhouse 

(1851:147) based his description on two specimens, a male 

and female, both of which were young and had not lost their 

milk teeth. No record of these skulls can be found in the 

museum catalog, but two skins are present, USNM 4105 

and USNM 4106, and a juvenile male and female are entered as Canis latrans from Red Fork of Ark., Aug 1850, 

Woodhouse. These specimens are unquestionably the two 

specimens Woodhouse described. The entry for USNM 

4105 is marked “Type of Canis frustror Woodhouse.” This 

catalog entry does not technically serve as designation of a 

lectotype, so we therefore designate USNM 4105 as lectotype to attach the name frustror to a single specimen and to 

fix the type locality as given above. According to Koopman 

(1976:21), the skull to the lectotype may be in the collection 

of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel 

University as ANSP 2305.

Canis goldmani Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 157, 6 Oct 1904a.

= Canis latrans goldmani Merriam, 1904. See Nelson (1932:224).

Holotype: USNM 133204. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 25 Apr 1904 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

[FC: Nelson and Goldman] 16725.

Type Locality: San Vicente, [FC: altitude 3,800 ft (1,158 m)], 

Chiapas, Mexico, near Guatemala border.

Canis hondurensis Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 26: 33, 15 Jan 1936b.

= Canis latrans hondurensis Goldman, 1936. See Jackson (1951:313).

Holotype: USNM 251447. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

18 Aug 1934 by C. F. Underwood. Original number [SL: 

1247]. X-Catalog number 27352[-X].

Type Locality: Cerro Guinote (Quinote), northeast of Archaga, 

on the Talanga road north of Tegucigalpa, [Francisco Morazan], Honduras.
1 4 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Canis jamesi Townsend

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 31: 130, 14 Jun 1912.

= Canis latrans jamesi Townsend, 1912. See Nelson (1932:224).

Holotype: USNM 198402. [Skin and skull]. [Poole and Schantz 

(1942:42) Adult] male. Collected 13 Apr [SL: 1911] by [SL: 

H. E. Anthony. Original number 147].

Type Locality: Tiburon Island, [Gulf of California, Sonora, 

Mexico].

Remarks: Published as American Museum number 31987. Cataloged as USNM 198402 on 26 Jun 1914.

Canis latrans thamnos Jackson

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 62: 31, 17 Mar 1949.

Holotype: USNM 233034. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected 4 Sep 1919 by H. H. Sheldon. Original number 

1073.

Type Locality: [SL: Farm of L. R. Brigham], Basswood Island, 

Apostle Islands, Ashland County, Wisconsin.

Canis latrans umpquensis Jackson

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 62: 31, 17 Mar 1949.

Holotype: USNM 216537. Skin and skull. Young adult female. 

Collected 11 Mar 1916 by W. L. Tison. Original number 

[XC: 16]. Biological Surveys number 15880-X.

Type Locality: 5 mi (8 km) southeast of Drew, Douglas County, 

Oregon.

Canis lestes Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 25, 15 Mar 1897b.

= Canis latrans lestes Merriam, 1897. See Nelson (1932:223).

Holotype: USNM 24552/32347. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 21 Nov 1890, not 30 Nov as in original description, by V. Bailey. Original number 2223.

Type Locality: Toyabe Mountains, near Cloverdale, [Nye 

County], Nevada.

Canis lupus alces Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 54: 109, 30 Sep 1941a.

= Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson, 1829. See Nowak 

(1995:396) for name combination and Chambers et al. 

(2012:38) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 147471. Skull only. Adult female. Collected 

in 1904 by C. A. Lambert. No original number. X-Catalog 

number 5133[-X].

Type Locality: Kachemak Bay, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.

Canis lupus hudsonicus Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 54: 112, 30 Sep 1941a.

= Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823. See Nowak (1995:396) for 

name combination and Chambers et al. (2012:39) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 180281. Skin, skull, [and partial skeleton]. 

Adult male. Collected 4 Jan 1912 by H. V. Radford. Original number 92.

Type Locality: Head of Schultz Lake, Keewatin, [Nunavut], 

Canada.

Canis lupus irremotus Goldman

J. Mammal. 18: 41, 14 Feb 1937a.

= Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823. See Nowak (1995:396) for 

name combination and Chambers et al. (2012:39) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 214869. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

19 Apr 1916 by M. E. Martin. Original number [XC: 7]. 

X-Catalog number 16243[-X].

Type Locality: Red Lodge, Carbon County, southwestern Montana.

Canis lupus labradorius Goldman

J. Mammal. 18: 38, 14 Feb 1937a.

= Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823. See Nowak (1995:396) for 

name combination and Chambers et al. (2012:39) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 23136. Skull only. Probably adult female. Collected in 1882 or 1883 by L. M. Turner. Original number 

2190.

Type Locality: Vicinity of Fort Chimo (Kuujjuaq), [Ungava District], Quebec, Canada.

Canis lupus ligoni Goldman

J. Mammal. 18: 39, 14 Feb 1937a.

= Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823. See Nowak (1995:396) for 

name combination and Chambers et al. (2012:39) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 243323. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

7 Nov 1922 by J. S. Ligon. Original number [XC: 373]. 

X-Catalog number 23022[-X].

Type Locality: Head of Duncan Canal, Kuprenof Island, Alexander Archipelago, Alaska.

Canis lupus mogollonensis Goldman

J. Mammal. 18: 43, 14 Feb 1937a.

= Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823. See Nowak (1995:396) for 

name combination and Chambers et al. (2012:39) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 224548. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 1 Jul 1916 by B. Burnam. Original number [XC: 39]. 

X-Catalog number 18119[-X].

Type Locality: S. A. Creek, 10 mi (16 km) northwest of Luna, 

Catron County, New Mexico.

Canis lupus monstrabilis Goldman

J. Mammal. 18: 42, 14 Feb 1937a.

= Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823. See Nowak (1995:396) for 

name combination and Chambers et al. (2012:39) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 209497. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

3 Sep 1915 by W. F. DeLong. Original number [XC: 1]. 

X-Catalog number 12646[-X].
NUMBER 646 • 1 5

Type Locality: 10 mi (16 km) south of Rankin, Upton County, 

Texas.

Canis lupus youngi Goldman

J. Mammal. 18: 40, 14 Feb 1937a.

= Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823. See Nowak (1995:396) for 

name combination and Chambers et al. (2012:39) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 224001. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

11 Dec 1916 by B. B. Turner. Original number [XC: 161]. 

X-Catalog number 17413[-X].

Type Locality: Harts Draw, north slope of Blue Mountains, 20 mi 

(32 km) northwest of Monticello, San Juan County, Utah.

Canis mearnsi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 30, 15 Mar 1897b.

= Canis latrans mearnsi Merriam, 1897. See Nelson (1932:224).

Holotype: USNM 59899. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 5 Feb 1894 by E. A. Mearns and F. X. Holzner. 

Original number 2925.

Type Locality: Quitobaquita (Quitobaquito), Pima County, Arizona.

Canis microdon Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 29, 15 Mar 1897b.

= Canis latrans microdon Merriam, 1897. See Nelson (1932:224).

Holotype: USNM 27555/39654. Skin, skull, [and baculum]. 

Adult male. Collected 28 Apr 1891 by W. Lloyd. Original 

number 478.

Type Locality: Mier, on the Rio Grande River, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Canis nebracensis texensis Bailey

N. Am. Fauna 25: 175, 24 Oct 1905.

= Canis latrans texensis Bailey, 1905. See Nelson (1932:224).

Holotype: USNM 116277. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 14 Dec 1901 by J. M. Priour. Original number 

[XC: 2]. 3478-X.

Type Locality: [XC: Santa Getrudes (Gertrudis)], 45 mi (72 km) 

southwest of Corpus Christi, [Kleberg County], Texas.

Canis nubilus baileyi Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 10: 165, 9 May 1929b.

= Canis lupus baileyi Nelson and Goldman, 1929. See Goldman 

(1937a:45).

Holotype: USNM 98312. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

10 Jul 1899 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 13895.

Type Locality: [FC: Near] Colonia Garcia, altitude 6,700 ft 

(2,043 m), about 60 mi (97 km) southwest of Casas 

Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Canis pallidus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 24, 15 Mar 1897b.

= Canis latrans latrans Say, 1823. See Jackson (1951:257).

Holotype: USNM 77093. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 12 Mar 1896 by E. E. Fast. Original number 

[SL: 5].

Type Locality: Johnstown, Brown County, Nebraska.

Canis peninsulae Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 28, 15 Mar 1897b.

= Canis latrans peninsulae Merriam, 1897. See Nelson (1932: 

224).

Holotype: USNM 74245. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 15 May 1895 by J. E. McLellan. Original number 

[SL: 1354].

Type Locality: Santa Anita, Cape (Cabo) San Lucas, Lower California (Baja California Sur), [FC: Mexico].

Canis rufus gregoryi Goldman

J. Mammal. 18: 44, 14 Feb 1937a.

See Chambers et al. (2012:34) for use of C. rufus.

Holotype: USNM 136731. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 25 Apr 1905 by B. V. Lilly. Original number [SL: 2]. 

X-Catalog number 5338[-X].

Type Locality: Macks Bayou, 3 mi (5 km) east of Tensas River, 

18 mi (29 km) southwest of Tallulah, Madison County (Parish), Louisiana.

Canis torquatus Baird

Rep. U.S. Mexican Bound. Surv., vol. 2, pt. 2: 15 Jan 1859.

= Undeterminable. See Goldman (1944:396).

Holotype: USNM 1379. Skull only. [MC: Young], sex not given. 

Collected on unknown date by J. L. Berlandier. [MC: Cataloged 26 Jan 1855].

Type Locality: [MC: Saltillo], [Coahuila, Mexico].

Remarks: This specimen cannot be found, and according to 

Goldman (1944:396), there is a question as to whether it is 

a C. lupus or C. latrans.

Canis tundrarum Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 59(15): 1, 8 Jun 1912b.

= Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson, 1829. See Nowak 

(1995:396) for name combination and Chambers et al. 

(2012:38) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 16748. Skull only. Adult, probably male, collected [MC: 23 Feb 1883] by [SL: P. H. Ray]. Original number [MC: 1119].

Type Locality: Point Barrow, [North Slope], Alaska.

Canis vigilis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 33, 15 Mar 1897b.

= Canis latrans vigilis Merriam, 1897. See Nelson (1932:224).

Holotype: USNM 32627/44550. Skin and skull. Young adult female. Collected 6 Feb 1892 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 1840.

Type Locality: Manzanillo, [FC: altitude 50 ft (15 m)], Colima, 

Mexico.
1 6 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Thos adustus bweha Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 63(7): 3, 24 Jun 1914b.

= Canis adustus bweha (Heller, 1914). See Coetzee (1977:7).

Holotype: USNM 182342. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 20 Jan 1912 by E. Heller. Original number 2663.

Type Locality: [MC: Nyangnori], Kisumu, [Nyanza], British East 

Africa (Kenya).

Thos adustus notatus Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 63(7): 4, 24 Jun 1914b.

= Canis adustus notatus (Heller, 1914). See Wozencraft (2005:574).

Holotype: USNM 181486. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 16 Apr 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2033.

Type Locality: [SL: Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso Ngiro)], Loita Plains, 

[Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Thos aureus bea Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 63(7): 5, 24 Jun 1914b.

= Canis aureus bea (Heller, 1914). See Coetzee (1977:8).

Holotype: USNM 162904. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 4 Jul 1909 by E. Heller. Original number 200.

Type Locality: [SL: Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso Ngiro), Sotik], Loita 

Plains, [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Thos mesomelas elgonae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 63(7): 6, 24 Jun 1914b.

= Canis mesomelas schmidti Noack, 1897. See Walton and Joly 

(2003:1).

Holotype: USNM 164699. [Skin, skull, and partial skeleton]. 

Adult male. Collected 13 Nov 1909 by E. Heller. Original 

number 466.

Type Locality: [MC: Nzoia River], Uasin Gishu (Ewaso Ngishu) 

Plateau, altitude 8,000 ft (2,438 m), [Western Province], 

British East Africa (Kenya).

Thos mesomelas mcmillani Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 63(7): 6, 24 Jun 1914b.

= Canis mesomelas schmidti Noack, 1897. See Walton and Joly 

(2003:1).

Holotype: USNM 181483. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 5 Apr 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2003.

Type Locality: Mtoto (Mtito) Andei Station, altitude 2,500 ft 

(762 m), [Coast Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Otocyon Muller, 1836

Otocyon virgatus Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 52(4): 485, 18 Dec 1909.

= Otocyon megalotis virgatus Miller, 1909. See G. M. Allen 

(1939:192) for name combination and Nel and Mass 

(2013:78) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 162126, not 162125 as in original description. 

Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 8 Aug 1909 by J. A. 

Loring. Original number 6962.

Type Locality: Naivasha Station, [Rift Valley], British East Africa 

(Kenya).

Remarks: Wozencraft (2005:582) overlooked virgatus Miller.

Genus Speothos Lund, 1839

Icticyon panamensis Goldman

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(2): 14, 20 Sep 1912a.

= Speothos venaticus panamensis (Goldman, 1912). See Hershkovitz (1957:161).

Holotype: USNM 179046. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 

28 Apr 1912 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 21655.

Type Locality: Near head of Rio Limon, altitude 5,000 ft (1,524 

m), Mount Pirri (Cerro Pirre), [Darien], eastern Panama.

Genus Urocyon Baird, 1857

Urocyon californicus townsendi Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 16: 103, 28 Oct 1899.

= Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi Merriam, 1899. See 

Grinnell (1933:110).

Holotype: USNM 14130. [Skin only]. [Poole and Schantz 

(1942:47): Adult], sex not given. Collected 11 Nov 1893 by 

C. H. Townsend. Original number 49.

Type Locality: Baird, Shasta County, California.

Urocyon catalinae Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 74, 29 May 1903.

= Urocyon littoralis catalinae Merriam, 1903. See Grinnell 

(1933:112).

Holotype: USNM 33223/45228. Skin and skull. Adult male. [SL: 

Collected 14 Apr 1892 by C. P. Streator. Original number 

1801].

Type Locality: [FC: Canyon back of Avalon], [Santa] Catalina 

Island, Channel Islands, [Los Angeles County], California.

Remarks: The type of this taxon was given as the skull USNM 

45228 in the original description; the skin, USNM 33223, 

belongs to it.

Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 74, 29 May 1903.

Holotype: USNM 119725. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 17 Nov 1902 by A. H. Thayer. [SL: 3847-X].

Type Locality: Marlboro, 7 mi (11 km) from Monadnock, 

[Cheshire County], New Hampshire.

Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 3, 12 Jan 1897a. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 459, 24 Dec 1897b.

Holotype: USNM 62873. Skin and skull. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:211): Old] adult male. Collected 6 Jul 1895 by A. W. 

Anthony. Original number 41.

Type Locality: San Jacinto Mountains, altitude 8,000 ft 

(2,838 m), Riverside County, California.
NUMBER 646 • 1 7

Urocyon cinereoargenteus colimensis Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 495, 15 Nov 1938b.

= Urocyon cinereoargenteus nigrirostris (Lichtenstein, 1850). 

See Hall and Kelson (1959:861).

Holotype: USNM 33519/45564. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 1 Apr 1892 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. Original number [FC: EWN] 2378.

Type Locality: 3 mi (5 km) west of city of Colima, altitude 

1,700 ft (318 m), Colima, Mexico.

Remarks: Wozencraft (2005:582) overlooked colimensis Goldman.

Urocyon cinereoargenteus orinomus Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 497, 15 Nov 1938b.

Holotype: USNM 58411. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 18 Jan 1894 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. 

Original number 5679.

Type Locality: Orizaba, altitude 4,000 ft (1,219 m), Vera Cruz 

(Veracruz), Mexico.

Urocyon cinereoargenteus texensis Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 2, 12 Jan 1897a. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 459, 24 Dec 1897b.

= Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii Mearns, 1891. See Goldman 

(1938b:495).

Holotype: USNM 130/1116. Skin and skull. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:212): Adult], sex not given. Collected [SL: Jan] 1851 

by A. Schott. No original number.

Type Locality: [SL: Rio Bravo], San Pedro, near Eagle Pass, 

[Maverick County], Texas.

Urocyon clementae Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 75, 29 May 1903.

= Urocyon littoralis clementae Merriam, 1903. See Grinnell and 

Linsdale (1930:154).

Holotype: USNM 92034. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

[SL: 5 Jun 1897 by H. A. Gaylord. Original number 157. 

1163-X].

Type Locality: San Clemente Island, Channel Islands, [Los Angeles County], California.

Urocyon guatemalae Miller

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 51: 278, 26 Jul 1899a.

= Urocyon cinereoargenteus guatemalae Miller, 1899. See Goldman (1938b:495).

Holotype: USNM 76723. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

16 Dec 1895 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 8801.

Type Locality: Nenton, [Huehuetenango], Guatemala.

Urocyon littoralis santacruzae Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 75, 29 May 1903.

Holotype: USNM 34852/47117. Skin and skull. Adult female. 

Collected [SL: 11 Jul 1892 by C. P. Streator. Original number 1914].

Type Locality: Santa Cruz Island, Channel Islands, [Santa Barbara County], California.

Urocyon parvidens Miller

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 51: 276, 26 Jul 1899a.

= Urocyon cinereoargenteus fraterculus Elliot, 1896. See Goldman (1938b:495).

Holotype: USNM 11429/37762. Skin and skull. [Lyon and 

Osgood (1909:212): Young adult] male. Collected on unknown date by A. Schott. Original number 385. Skin cataloged [MC: between May and Dec] 1873; the skull on 4 

May 1899.

Type Locality: Merida, Yucatan, [Mexico].

Remarks: U. parvidens Miller, 1899, was overlooked by Wozencraft (2005:582).

Vulpes (Urocyon) littoralis Baird

Mammals Rep. Explor. Surv. 8(1): 143, 1857.

= Urocyon littoralis littoralis (Baird, 1857). See Merriam (1888: 135).

Lectotype as designated by Lyon and Osgood (1909:212): USNM 

1351/2154. Skin and skull. Adult, [sex unknown]. Collected 

[SL: Jan 1856] by W. P. Trowbridge. No original number.

Type Locality: San Miguel Island, 30 mi (48 km) from Santa Barbara, [Channel Islands, Santa Barbara County], California.

Genus Vulpes Frisch, 1777

Vulpes alascensis Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 668, 28 Dec 1900a.

= Vulpes vulpes alascensis Merriam, 1900. See Rausch (1953:107).

Holotype: USNM 21420. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected Feb 

1880 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 180.

Type Locality: Andreafski (Old Andreafsky), [Miller and Rehn 

(1901:205): near mouth of Yukon River], Alaska.

Vulpes alascensis abietorum Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 669, 28 Dec 1900a.

= Vulpes vulpes abietorum Merriam, 1900. See Hall (1981:937).

Holotype: USNM 71197. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

winter of 1893–1894 by A. C. Murray. No original number.

Type Locality: Stuart Lake, British Columbia, [Canada].

Vulpes beringensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 171, 6 Aug 1902b.

= Vulpes lagopus beringensis Merriam, 1902. See Wozencraft 

(2005:584).

Holotype: USNM 47109. [Skull only]. Young adult female. Collected 

3 Jun 1892 by B. W. Evermann. Original number [SL: 19].

Type Locality: Bering Island (Ostrov Beringa), Bering Sea, [Kamchatskiy, Russia].

Vulpes cascadensis Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 665, 28 Dec 1900a.

= Vulpes vulpes cascadensis Merriam, 1900. See Hall (1981:937).
1 8 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Holotype: USNM 92767. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 3 Mar 1898 by P. Schmid. No original number. 

[SL: 1318-X].

Type Locality: Trout Lake, [Miller and Rehn (1901:205): south] 

base of Mount Adams, near Columbia River, Cascade 

Range, [Klickitat County], Washington.

Vulpes hallensis Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 15, 14 Mar 1900b.

= Vulpes lagopus lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758). See Wozencraft 

(2005:584).

Holotype: USNM 98067. [Skin and skull]. Old female. Collected 

14 Jul 1899 by C. H. Merriam and W. B. Devereux. Original 

number [FC: A. K. Fisher] 2177. 

Type Locality: Hall Island, Bering Sea, [SL: Alaska].

Vulpes harrimani Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 14, 14 Mar 1900b.

= Vulpes vulpes harrimani Merriam, 1900. See Hall (1981:938).

Holotype: USNM 99626. Skin only. Adult, age not given. Purchased Jul 1899 by C. H. Merriam. No original number.

Type Locality: Kadiak (Kodiak) Island, Alaska.

Vulpes kenaiensis Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 670, 28 Dec 1900a.

= Vulpes vulpes kenaiensis Merriam, 1900. See Hall (1981:938).

Holotype: USNM 96145. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected in 

1898 by D. De Weese. No original number. [MC: 1884-X].

Type Locality: Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.

Vulpes lagopus innuitus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 170, 6 Aug 1902b.

= Vulpes lagopus lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758). See Wozencraft 

(2005:584).

Holotype: USNM 107626. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 27 Jun 1898 by E. A. McIlhenny. Original number 

831. [SL: 2877-X].

Type Locality: Korogaro River, [Lyon and Osgood (1909:214): 

near] Point Barrow, Arctic Alaska.

Vulpes lagopus ungava Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 170, 6 Aug 1902b.

= Vulpes lagopus lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758). See Wozencraft 

(2005:584).

Holotype: USNM 23195. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

on unknown date by L. M. Turner. Original number 2362. 

[MC: Cataloged 15 Jan 1889].

Type Locality: Fort Chimo (Kuujjuaq), Ungava [District], Labrador (Quebec), [Canada].

Vulpes macrotis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 4: 136, 18 Feb 1888.

Holotype: USNM 186449. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected 1 Nov 1885 by F. Stephens. No original number. 

Merriam collection number 1792/2324.

Type Locality: Riverside, [Riverside County], California; [Poole 

and Schantz (1942:50): more exactly, on western margin of 

San Jacinto Plain in vicinity of Box Springs, within 10 mi 

(16 km) southeast of Riverside].

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 1792/2324; 

cataloged as USNM 186449 on 13 Oct 1911.

Vulpes macrotis arizonensis Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 249, 4 Jun 1931.

= Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888. See Waithman and Roest 

(1977:162).

Holotype: USNM 202959. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 9 Dec 1913 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

22357.

Type Locality: 2 mi (3.2 km) south of Tule Tanks, near Mexican 

Boundary, Yuma County, Arizona.

Vulpes macrotis devius Nelson and Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 22: 25, 10 Mar 1909.

= Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888. See Waithman and Roest 

(1977:162).

Holotype: USNM 147078. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 13 Dec 1905 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 18771.

Type Locality: Llano de Yrais, opposite Magdalena Island, 

Lower California (Baja California Sur), Mexico.

Vulpes macrotis neomexicanus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 74, 22 Mar 1902c.

= Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888. See Dragoo et al. (1990:328), 

who placed neomexicanus in macrotis under V. velox, and 

Mercure et al. (1993:1326), who considered macrotis a 

valid species.

Holotype: USNM 98646. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

4 Apr 1899 by C. [XC: M.] Barber. No original number. 

2055-X.

Type Locality: [XC: Baird’s ranch], San Andres Range, about 

50 mi (80 km) north of El Paso, [Dona Ana County], New 

Mexico.

Vulpes macrotis nevadensis Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 250, 4 Jun 1931.

= Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888. See Dragoo et al. (1990:328), 

who placed nevadensis in macrotis under V. velox, and Mercure 

et al. (1993:1326), who considered macrotis a valid species.

Holotype: USNM 213103. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 14 Dec 1915 by M. Gill. Original number [XC: 25]. 

X-Catalog number 13255-X.

Type Locality: Willow Creek Ranch, near Jungo, Humboldt 

County, Nevada.

Vulpes macrotis tenuirostris Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 12: 302, 24 Aug 1931a.

= Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888. See Waithman and Roest 

(1977:162).
NUMBER 646 • 1 9

Holotype: USNM 140394. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

1 Jul 1905 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. Original 

number 17371.

Type Locality: Trinidad Valley, northwest base of San Pedro 

Martir Mountains, altitude 2,600 ft (792 m), Lower California (Baja California), Mexico.

Vulpes macrourus Baird

In Stansbury, Explor. Surv. Valley Great Salt Lake, Utah, App. C., 

p. 309, Jun 1852.

= Vulpes vulpes macroura Baird, 1852. See Halloran (1962:432).

Holotype: USNM 4107. Skin only. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:214): Adult], sex not given. Purchased by the expedition from hunters in the Salt Lake Valley on unknown 

date, although the survey was conducted in 1849 and 1850. 

Original number [Baird (1857:131): A].

Type Locality: [Miller and Rehn (1901:204): Wasatch Mountains bordering Great Salt Lake, Utah].

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the original publication. Baird (1857:131) stated that the description 

in Stansbury’s report was based on specimen number A, currently USNM 4107.

Vulpes muticus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 74, 22 Mar 1902c.

= Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888. See Dragoo et al. (1990:328), 

who placed muticus in macrotis under V. velox, and Mercure et al. (1993:1326), who considered macrotis a valid 

species.

Holotype: USNM 75828. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

5 Nov1895 by G. Leonard. Original number [SL: 6].

Type Locality: Tracy, San Joaquin Valley, [San Joaquin County], 

California.

Vulpes necator Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 664, 28 Dec 1900a.

= Vulpes vulpes necator Merriam, 1900. See Hall (1981:939).

Holotype: USNM 30735/42635. Skin and skull. Young adult 

female. Collected 1 Sep 1891 by A. K. Fisher. Original number 940.

Type Locality: Whitney Meadows, altitude 9,500 ft (2,896 m), 

near Mount Whitney, [Tulare County], High Sierra, 

California.

Vulpes pribilofensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 171, 6 Aug 1902b.

= Vulpes lagopus pribilofensis Merriam, 1902. See Wozencraft 

(2005:584).

Holotype: USNM 30651/42624. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected [SL: 10] Aug 1891 by C. H. Merriam. Original 

number [SL: 8].

Type Locality: St. George Island, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, 

Alaska.

Remarks: Published as skull USNM 42624, to which skin USNM 

30651 belongs.

Vulpes regalis Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 672, 28 Dec 1900a.

= Vulpes vulpes regalis Merriam, 1900. See Jones and Henderson 

(1963:283).

Holotype: USNM 31697/43558. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 5 Mar 1887 by V. Bailey. Original number 659.

Type Locality: Elk River, Sherburne County, Minnesota.

Vulpes velox hebes Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 73, 22 Mar 1902a.

= Vulpes velox (Say, 1823). See Dragoo et al. (1990:328).

Holotype: USNM 108255. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 8 Oct 1900 by [Lyon and Osgood (1909:214): 

W. G.] Mackay and [Lyon and Osgood (1909:214): G. F.] 

Dippie. Original number 560. 2890-X.

Type Locality: Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Family Ursidae Fischer, 1817

Genus Ursus Linnaeus, 1758

Selenarctos thibetanus wulsini A. B. Howell

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 41: 115, 29 Jun 1928.

= Ursus thibetanus ussuricus (Huede, 1901). See Ellerman and 

Morrison-Scott (1951:239), who placed wulsini in thibetanus, Gromov and Baranova (1981:249), who placed Selenarctos thibetanus in Ursus, and Wozencraft (2005:590) for 

first use of the current name combination.

Holotype: USNM 240668. Skin, skull, [leg bones, and scapulae]. 

Adult female. Purchased [FC: 15 Oct 1923] by F. R. Wulsin. 

Original number 1140.

Type Locality: The area of Eastern Tombs, [FC: 150 mi (241 km) 

east of Peking (Beijing)], Chihli (Hebei), China.

Ursus absarokus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 181, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 67391. [Skull only]. Adult male. Purchased 

May 1893 by J. A. Loring. No original number.

Type Locality: Near head of Little Bighorn River, northern part 

of Bighorn Mountains, [Big Horn County], Montana.

Ursus amblyceps Baird

Rep. U.S. Mexican Bound. Surv., vol. 2, pt. 2: 29 Jan 1859.

= Ursus americanus amblyceps Baird, 1859. See Bailey (1905:187).

Lectotype as designated by Poole and Schantz (1942:85): USNM 

992. Skull only. Adult male. Collected on unknown date by 

J. H. Clark. [MC: Cataloged 1 Nov 1852].

Type Locality: Old copper mines near the Rio Mimbres, near present location of Georgetown, Grant County, New Mexico.

Remarks: The original description gave the locality as Copper 

mines of the Gila.

Ursus americanus eremicus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 154, 6 Oct 1904b.
2 0 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Holotype: USNM 116952. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 21 Apr 1902 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 15111.

Type Locality: Sierra Guadalupe, [FC: altitude about 9,500 ft 

(2,860 m)], Coahuila, Mexico.

Ursus apache Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 134, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 212436. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 3 

Apr 1913 by B. V. Lilly. No original number. [SL: 14110-X].

Type Locality: Whorton Creek, on south slope of White Mountains, a few miles west of Blue, [Greenlee County], eastern 

Arizona.

Ursus arctos schwenkii Shoemaker

Stories Great Pa. Hunters, p. 25, 1913.

= Ursus americanus americanus Pallas, 1780. See Hall and Kelson (1959:867).

Holotype: Not known to exist. Represented in the collection 

by USNM 199494. Wax impressions and plaster casts of 

upper molars of holotype made by S. N. Rhoads. Age and 

sex unknown. Collected 30 Nov 1912 by E. A. Schwenk. 

No original number.

Type Locality: About a mile (1.6 km) south of White Deer 

Creek, Buffalo Path, Clinton County? (Union County), 

Pennsylvania.

Remarks: Even though Miller (1924:90), Miller and Kellogg (1955:692), Hall and Kelson (1959:867), and Hall 

(1981:948) all mentioned that there were trimmings of skin 

in the USNM, there is no mention of them in the museum 

catalog, and they are not present. The disposition of the holotype itself is unknown.

Ursus arizonae Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 135, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 177332. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 3 

Sep 1911 by C. H. Shinn. No original number. [SL: 8516-X].

Type Locality: East side of Escudilla Mountains (Mountain), [SL: 

Apache National Forest], Apache County, Arizona.

Ursus atnarko Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 22, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 211452. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

Sep 1915 by E. H. Edwards. No original number. [SL: 

15048-X].

Type Locality: Lonesome Lake, about 30 mi (48 km) from the 

junction of the Whitewater of Talchawko, and the Atnarko, 

which two rivers unite to form the Bella Coola, nearly on 

the fifty-second parallel, and by the Atnarko River about 

75 mi (121 km) from the head of Burke Channel, British 

Columbia, [Canada].

Ursus bairdi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 192, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 203805. [Skull only]. Old male. [XC: Purchased from E. R. Warren]. Date collected and collector unknown. [MC: Cataloged 10 Aug 1914]. Warren collection 

number 3147. [SL: 11238-X].

Type Locality: Blue River, Summit County, Colorado.

Ursus californicus tularensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 188, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:3).

Holotype: USNM 3536. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected on 

unknown date by J. Xantus. [MC: Original number 1172. 

Cataloged in 1859].

Type Locality: Fort Tejon, Canada de las Uvas (Grapevine Canyon), Tehachapi Mountains, [Kern County], California.

Ursus (Euarctos) carlottae Osgood

N. Am. Fauna 21: 30, 26 Sep 1901.

= Ursus americanus carlottae Osgood, 1901. See Hall (1928:235).

Holotype: USNM 87620. Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:230): Adult male]. Collected Nov 1896 by J. H. 

Keen. No original number. [SL: 497-X].

Type Locality: Massett (Masset), Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii Archipelago), British Columbia, 

[Canada].

Ursus caurinus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 187, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 176591. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 8 Jun 1911 by A. Hasselborg. Original number [SL: 

1, 8451-X].

Type Locality: Berners Bay, east side of Lynn Canal, southeastern 

Alaska.

Ursus chelan Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 136, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 205185. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 1 

Sep 1913 by D. S. Rice. No original number. [SL: 11612-X].

Type Locality: Township 30 N, Range 16 E, Willamette Meridian, Wenatche National Forest, east slope Cascade Mountains, northern Chelan County, Washington.

Ursus chelidonias Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 21, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 223133. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 

in 1916 by F. and F. Johnstone. No original number. [SL: 

16973-X].

Type Locality: On river at head of Jarvis Inlet, British Columbia, 

[Canada].
NUMBER 646 • 2 1

Ursus colusus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 187, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:3).

Holotype: USNM 3837. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected on 

unknown date by the Wilkes U.S. Exploring Expedition 

[1838–1842]. Marked “C. P. Ex. Ex, 6.16,” the numerals uncertain, there being indication of a figure in front 

of the first 6. [MC: Cataloged between 8 and 11 Jun 

1860].

Type Locality: Sacramento River, probably from between Colusa 

and Sacramento, California. The words “Grizzly Bear, Sacramento” are written in pencil on the right parietal.

Ursus crassodon Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 90, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 171049. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 

Sep 1907 by E. P. Richardson. No original number. [SL: 

8421-X].

Type Locality: Klappan Creek, Third South Fork, Stikine River. 

[FC: 150 mi (241 km) southeast Telegraph Creek, British 

Columbia], [Canada].

Ursus crassus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 90, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 225473. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

Sep 1916 by W. Drury. No original number. [SL: 19155-X].

Type Locality: Upper Macmillan River, Yukon, [Canada].

Ursus cressonus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 137, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 206529. [Cranium only]. Old male. Collected in 1914 by J. P. Hubrick. No original number. [SL: 

12210-X].

Type Locality: Lakina River, [SL: south of Copper River], south 

slope of Wrangell Range, Alaska.

Ursus dalli Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 71, 13 Apr 1896a.

= Ursus arctos dalli Merriam, 1896. See Kurten (1973:5).

Holotype: USNM 75048. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected by 

chief of Yakutat Indians 8 Sep 1895. Procured through A. 

Johnson. Original number 2.

Type Locality: [Miller (1924:105): Northwest side] Yakutat Bay, 

Alaska.

Ursus dalli gyas Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 78, 22 Mar 1902d.

= Ursus arctos gyas Merriam, 1902. See Rausch (1953:105).

Holotype: USNM 91669. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected in 

1897 by W. Pavlof. No original number. 1052-X.

Type Locality: Pavlof Bay, Alaska Peninsula, [Alaska].

Ursus dusorgus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 33, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 217426. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 4 

Sep 1916. Collected and presented by W. Rindsfoos. No 

original number.

Type Locality: Head of Jack Pine River, near Mount Bess, close 

to British Columbia Boundary, Alberta, [Canada].

Ursus eltonclarki Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 175, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 179066. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

19 May 1912 by E. Clark. Original number. [SL: 5, 9168-X].

Type Locality: Near Freshwater Bay, Chichagof Island, the more 

northern of the Sitka Islands, Alaska.

Ursus eltonclarki insularis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 141, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 205186. [Skull only]. Old male. [SL: Received 

Jul] 1914. Purchased from W. H. Chase. No original number. [SL: 11625-X].

Type Locality: Admiralty Island, southeastern Alaska.

Ursus eulophus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 153, 6 Oct 1904b.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 81102. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected in 

1896 by G. T. Emmons. Original number [SL: 7].

Type Locality: Admiralty Island, southeastern Alaska.

Ursus eximius Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 139, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 122495. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected by native. Received from W. G. Palmer in 1903. No 

original number. [MC: Cataloged 25 Sep 1903].

Type Locality: Head of Knik Arm, Cook Inlet, Alaska.

Ursus floridanus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 81, 13 Apr 1896a.

= Ursus americanus floridanus Merriam, 1896. See Hall and Kelson (1959:868).

Holotype: USNM 3484. Skull only. Old male. [MC: Collected 21 

May 1858 by G. Wurdemann]. No original number.

Type Locality: Key Biscayne, [Miami-Dade County], Florida.

Ursus henshawi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 190, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:3).

Holotype: USNM 15671. [Skull and atlas]. Old male. Collected 

[MC: Oct] 1875 by J. T. Rothrock and H. W. Henshaw. 

Original number [MC: 953].
2 2 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Type Locality: Southern Sierra Nevada, near Havilah, Kern 

County, California.

Ursus holzworthi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 42: 173, 15 Jun 1929.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 248691. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

23 Sep 1928 by J. M. Holzworth. No original number. [SL: 

25140-X].

Type Locality: [SL: Head of Black River], Talkeetna Mountains, 

Alaska.

Remarks: According to Lawrence (1993:155), the skin is in the 

collection of the American Museum of Natural History as 

AMNH 100181.

Ursus hoots Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 140, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 206136. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

in 1914, not 1913 as in original description, by J. Hyland; presented by L. Ellsworth. No original number. [SL: 

11874-X].

Type Locality: Clearwater Creek, a north branch of Stikine River, 

[XC: Telegraph Creek], B[ritish] C[olumbia], [Canada].

Ursus horriaeus texensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 191, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 103198. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 

2 Nov 1890 by C. O. Finley and J. Z. Means. No original 

number. [SL: 10894-X].

Type Locality: Davis Mountains, [Jeff Davis County], Texas.

Remarks: A letter that is with the skull dated 6 Jan 1949 from 

G. W. Evans, a nephew of J. Z. Means, who was on the 

hunting trip, to S. P. Young states that the skull was actually 

collected in Nov 1899.

Ursus horribilis alascensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 74, 13 Apr 1896a.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Lectotype as designated by Merriam (1918:94): USNM 76466. 

[Skull only]. Old male. Collected in 1895 by R. Neumann. 

Original number [SL: 2].

Type Locality: [SL: Norton Sound], Unalaklik River, Alaska.

Ursus horribilis californicus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 76, 13 Apr 1896a.

= Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896. See Storer and Tevis 

(1955:12).

Lectotype as designated by Lyon and Osgood (1909:230): USNM 

3630. Skull only. Old adult, sex not given. Collected on unknown date by A. S. Taylor. No original number. Cataloged 

7 Oct 1859.

Type Locality: Monterey, Monterey County, California.

Ursus horribilis var. horriaeus Baird

Mammals Rep. Explor. Surv. 8(1): 224, 1857.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Lectotype as designated by Merriam (1896:75): USNM 990. Skull 

only. Adult male. Collected on unknown date by [SL: J. H. 

Clark]. No original number. [MC: Cataloged 1 Nov 1852].

Type Locality: Old copper mines near the Rio Mimbres, near 

the present location of Georgetown, Grant County, New 

Mexico. 

Ursus horribilis phaeonyx Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 154, 6 Oct 1904b.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 133231. [Skin and skull]. Old female. Collected 12 Jul 1903 by W. H. Osgood. Original number 2684.

Type Locality: 5 mi (8 km) below head of Comet Creek, a tributary of Forty Mile Creek, [FC: mountains] near Eagle, 

Alaska.

Remarks: The type locality was modified by Miller (1924:103) 

to read “Glacier Mountain, Tanana Mountains, Alaska, 

about 2 mi (3.2 km) below source of Comet Creek, near 

Forty-mile Creek, between Yukon and Tanana Rivers” and 

has been used by subsequent authors.

Ursus idahoensis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 54, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 187888. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 23 

Sep 1874 by R. Leigh. No original number. Merriam collection number 93.

Type Locality: North Fork Teton River, [Fremont County], eastern Idaho.

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 93. Cataloged as USNM 187888 on 6 Feb 1912.

Ursus imperator Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 180, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 176297. [Skin, skull, and skeleton]. Old male. 

[Accession card from the National Zoological Park: Received from G. S. Robinson 30 Jul 1894, died 9 May 1913. 

Original number NZP 2217].

Type Locality: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.

Ursus innuitus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 177, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 179780. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected in 

1886 by E. F. Ball. No original number.

Type Locality: [SL: Near Nome], Golofnin Bay, south side of 

Seward Peninsula, northern Alaska.

Ursus kenaiensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 154, 6 Oct 1904b.
NUMBER 646 • 2 3

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 128672. [Skull only]. Adult female. Collected in 1903 by C. A. Lambert. No original number. [SL: 

4205-X].

Type Locality: [SL: Near] Cape Elizabeth, extreme west end of 

Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.

Ursus kennerleyi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 194, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 1047/2086. Skin and skull. Old male. Collected Jun 1855 by C. B. [R.] Kennerly. No original number.

Type Locality: Mountains near Los Nogales, Sonora, [Mexico].

Remarks: The skin has been missing since at least Poole and 

Schantz (1942:92).

Ursus kidderi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 78, 22 Mar 1902d.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 116562. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected Jun 1901 by J. H. Kidder. No original number. 

[SL: 3661-X].

Type Locality: Chinitna Bay, [XC: near mouth of] Cook Inlet, 

[Alaska Peninsula], Alaska.

Ursus kidderi tundrensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 196, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 76470. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected Sep 

1894 by natives and secured through R. Neumanns. Original number [SL: 6].

Type Locality: Shaktolik River, Norton Sound, Alaska.

Ursus klamathensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 185, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:3).

Holotype: USNM 178735. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

on unknown date by C. F. Edson. No original number. [MC: 

Cataloged 13 May 1912].

Type Locality: [SL: East end Siskiyou Mountains near] Beswick, 

near mouth of Shovel Creek, Klamath River, [Siskiyou 

County], northeastern California.

Ursus kluane Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 141, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 204188. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 15 

Jul 1914 [XC: 5 Jul 1914] by [T.] Smith and [G.] Geddis. No 

original number. [SL: 11251-X].

Type Locality: McConnell River, Yukon Territory, [Canada].

Ursus kluane impiger Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 81, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 210708. [Skull only]. Not quite fully adult 

male. Collected Apr 1914 by [W. G.] Mackay and [G. F.] 

Dippie. No original number. [SL: 13986-X].

Type Locality: Columbia Valley, British Columbia, [Canada].

Ursus kwakiutl Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 143, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 211748. [Skull and skin of head]. Adult male. 

Collected 17 May 1916 by F. Mansell. No original number. 

[SL: 14093-X].

Type Locality: Jarvis Inlet, coast of southern British Columbia, 

[Canada].

Ursus kwakiutl neglectus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 144, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 209889. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected Apr 

1914 by W. H. Spaulding. No original number. [SL: 12718-X].

Type Locality: Near Hawk Inlet, Admiralty Island, southeastern 

Alaska.

Ursus kwakiutl warburtoni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 145, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 210576. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 

15 Jul 1915 by E. H. Edwards. No original number. [SL: 

13101-X].

Type Locality: Atnarko River, B[ritish] C[olumbia, Canada].

Ursus macfarlani Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 51, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 6551. [Skull, two humeri, and one ulna]. 

Adult male. Collected 8 May 1863 by R. MacFarlane. Original number 551.

Type Locality: On Anderson River, 50 mi (80 km) below Fort 

Anderson, Mackenzie, [Northwest Territories, Canada].

Remarks: This specimen originally consisted of a skin, USNM 

8123, and skeleton. Poole and Schantz (1942:94) reported 

that only the material listed above could be found, and that 

is still the case today.

Ursus macrodon Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 38, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 12678/15707. Skin and skull. Old male. Collected 28 Jul 1876 by C. W. Derry. No original number.

Type Locality: Twin Lakes, [Lake County], Colorado.

Remarks: According to the museum catalog, there should be leg 

bones, but they cannot be found.

Ursus magister Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 189, 13 Aug 1914.
2 4 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

= Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:3).

Holotype: USNM 160155. [Skull and one claw]. Old male. Collected Aug 1900 or 1901 by H. A. Stewart. Original number 

[SL: S. E. Piper 241].

Type Locality: [FC: San Juan Capistrano], Los Biacitos, head of 

San Onofre Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, [Orange/Riverside County], southern California.

Ursus mendocinensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 145, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:3).

Holotype: USNM 206625. [Cranium only]. Old male. Collected 

on unknown date by [Letter with specimen from R. T. Orr 

to R. Kellogg dated 26 May 1941: J Farley]. Obtained 

through C. J. and F. H. Hittell. [SL: Received 23 Apr 1915]. 

No original number. [SL: 12229-X].

Type Locality: [Letter mentioned above: Bloody Rock], [Hall 

and Kelson (1959:573): north of Sherwood], near Long Valley, Mendocino County, California.

Ursus middendorffi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 69, 13 Apr 1896a.

= Ursus arctos middendorffi Merriam, 1896. See Rausch 

(1953:106).

Holotype: USNM 54793. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 3 

Jul 1893 by B. J. Bretherton. Original number 176.

Type Locality: Kodiak Island, Alaska.

Ursus mirabilis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 146, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 137471. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 26 Jun 1905 by C. Catt. Original number [XC: 4]. 

[SL: 5468-X].

Type Locality: [SL: Green’s Bay], Admiralty Island, Alaska.

Ursus mirus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 40, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 206595. [Skull only]. Adult male, rather old. 

Collected 27 Mar 1915 by H. Anderson. No original number. [SL: 12227-X].

Type Locality: Slough Creek, Yellowstone National Park, [Park 

County], Wyoming.

Ursus navaho Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 191, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 3571/3500. Skin and skull. Old male. Collected probably in 1856 by [MC: H. B. Mollhausen. Cataloged in 1859]. No original number.

Type Locality: Near Fort Defiance (Mollhausen), Chuska Mountains, [Apache County], northeastern Arizona.

Remarks: Even though Merriam gave the skin number in the 

original description, he did not describe it. Poole and 

Schantz (1942:95) mentioned that it was apparently lost, 

and it cannot be found today.

Ursus nelsoni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 190, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 99657. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 13 Nov 1899 by H. A. Cluff. Original number [XC: 

7]. [SL: 2406-X].

Type Locality: Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Ursus nortoni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 179, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos dalli Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:4).

Holotype: USNM 178763. [Skull only]. Adult female. Collected 

[SL: 15] May 1910 by G. F. Norton. Original number A5.

Type Locality: Yakutat, Alaska.

Remarks: The holotype is the mother of male cub USNM 178764.

Ursus nuchek Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 146, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 146459. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 

15 Sep 1905 by C. Swanson. Original number [SL: “0.” 

5791-X].

Type Locality: Head of Nuchek Bay, Hinchinbrook Island, Prince 

William Sound, Alaska.

Ursus ophrus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 148, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 210252. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected in 

1915 by E. W. Darbey. No original number. [SL: Received 4 

Oct 1915. 12837-X].

Type Locality: Eastern British Columbia, [Canada], exact locality unknown. 

Ursus orgiloides Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 46, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos dalli Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:4).

Holotype: USNM 223275. [Skull only]. Probably male, age not 

given. [Both the skull label and skull are marked male]. Collected Nov 1916 by unknown collector. Purchased from 

E. M. Axelson. No original number. [SL: 17075-X].

Type Locality: Italio River, [XC: south of Yukutat Bay], Alaska.

Ursus orgilos Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 176, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 180280. Skull only. [Poole and Schantz 

(1942:96): Probably male], rather old. Collected 22 Aug 

1912 by A. Hasselborg. Original number [XC: 4]. [SL: 

9805-X].

Type Locality: Bartlett Bay, east side Glacier Bay, southeastern 

Alaska.
NUMBER 646 • 2 5

Ursus oribasus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 56, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 223991. [Skin and skull]. Adult male, rather 

old. Collected spring 1916 by J. Thompson. Purchased from 

W. Drury. No original number. 18284-X.

Type Locality: Upper [SL: head of] Liard River, Yukon, [Canada], near British Columbia Boundary.

Ursus pallasi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 149, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 205160. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected Aug 

1913 by T. A. Dixon. No original number. [SL: 11389-X].

Type Locality: Donjek River, southwestern Yukon Territory, 

[Canada].

Ursus pellyensis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 82, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 215477. [Skull only]. Young adult male. Collected 30 Sep 1915 by F. E. Enevoldsen. No original number. 

[SL: 14704-X].

Type Locality: Ketza Divide, [SL: Pelly River], Pelly Mountains, 

Yukon, [Canada].

Ursus perturbans Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 64, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 222102. [Skin and skull]. Old male. Collected 

9 Jul 1916 by E. Anderson. Original number [XC: 18]. [SL: 

16694-X].

Type Locality: Near Mount Taylor, [Hall and Kelson (1959:874): 

canyon 12 mi (19 km) E San Mateo], [SL: Mount Taylor 

Division, Manzano National Forest], [Valencia County], 

northern New Mexico.

Ursus pervagor Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 186, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 187887. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

May 1893, not 1883 as in original description, by J. Fannin. 

No original number. Merriam collection number 6510.

Type Locality: Pemberton (Lillooet) Lake, in edge of humid coast 

strip, British Columbia, [Canada].

Ursus phaeonyx latifrons Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 183, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 75612. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 15 

Sep 1895 by J. A. Loring. Original number 3270.

Type Locality: Jasper House, Alberta, [SL: Canada].

Ursus planiceps Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 37, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 13289. [Skull and partial skeleton]. Adult 

male, rather old. Collected on unknown date by F. V. 

Hayden. [MC: Cataloged Dec 1873]. No original number.

Type Locality: Colorado, exact locality unknown, but probably 

in the foothills or on the western edge of the plains.

Ursus pulchellus ereunetes Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 56, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 222323. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 1 

Oct 1916 by G. Hill. No original number. [SL: 16712-X].

Type Locality: Beaverfoot Range, Kootenay District, British Columbia, [Canada].

Ursus pulchellus pulchellus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 55, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 221599. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

20 Jul 1916 by F. E. Enevoldsen. No original number. [SL: 

14968-X].

Type Locality: Ross River, Yukon Territory, Canada.

Ursus rogersi bisonophagus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 66, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 181089. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected Feb 1887 by P. Kleineidam. No original number. 

[SL: 10066-X].

Type Locality: Bear Lodge, Sundance National Forest, Black 

Hills, [XC: Crook County], northeastern Wyoming.

Ursus rogersi rogersi Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 65, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 222983. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected fall 

1890 by A. Rogers. Original number [XC: 4]. [SL: 16923-X].

Type Locality: High up on Greybull River, Absaroka Mountains, 

[Park County], Wyoming.

Ursus rungiusi rungiusi Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 49, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 179893. [Skull only]. Young adult male. Collected Sep 1910 by C. Rungius. No original number.

Type Locality: Rocky Mountains on headwaters of Athabaska 

River, Alberta, [Canada]. 

Ursus rungiusi sagittalis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 50, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 210705. [Skull only]. Adult male, rather old. 

Collected fall 1915, collector unknown. Purchased from 

[W. G.] Mackay and [G. F.] Dippie. No original number. 

[SL: 13983-X].
2 6 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Type Locality: Champagne Landing, southwestern Yukon, 

[Canada].

Ursus selkirki Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 150, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 205170. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 

4 Jun 1914 by J. Hurst. No original number. [SL: 11545-X].

Type Locality: Upper Columbia River, Selkirk Mountains, 

B[ritish] C[olumbia, Canada].

Ursus sheldoni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 23: 127, 2 Sep 1910.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 137318. [Skull only]. Adult male. Collected 

May 1904, not 1905 as in original description, by [FC: 

M. May and presented by C. Sheldon]. Original number 

[FC: C. Sheldon] 17. [SL: 5460-X].

Type Locality: [SL: East side] Montague Island, [FC: Prince William Sound], Alaska.

Remarks: It is impossible to discern from the field catalog 

whether this specimen was collected by Mark May in 1904 

or Mark in May 1904.

Ursus shirasi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 195, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 203030. [Mounted head, right and left forelegs, about two square feet of skin from back, and skull]. 

Old male. Collected 16 Sep 1913 by G. Shiras, 4th. No 

original number. [SL: 10692-X].

Type Locality: Pybus Bay, Admiralty Island, [Alaska].

Ursus shoshone Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 184, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 203185. [Skull only]. Old male. Purchased. 

[Date of collection and collector unknown]. [SL: Received 

from M. Miles Apr 1914. Original number 1].

Type Locality: Estes Park, [Larimer County], Rocky Mountains 

of northern Colorado.

Ursus shoshone canadensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 184, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 174511. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 23 Jul 1911 by N. Hollister and C. D. Walcott Jr. 

Original number Hollister 3792.

Type Locality: Moose Pass, near Mount Robson, British Columbia, [Canada].

Remarks: The field catalog indicates that this specimen was actually collected by C. D. Walcott Jr.

Ursus sitkensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 73, 13 Apr 1896a.

= Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:8).

Holotype: USNM 187891. Skull only. Adult male. Collected in 

1894 by an Indian. Purchased and presented by J. S. Brown. 

Merriam collection number 6543.

Type Locality: Coast near Sitka, Alaska.

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 6543. Cataloged as USNM 187891 on 18 Feb 1912.

Ursus stikeenensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 178, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 202794. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 23 Sep 1913 by C. R. Cross Jr. and E. A. Preble. Original number [FC: EAP 5772].

Type Locality: [SL: head of] Tatletuey Lake, [SL: 12 mi (19 km) 

W Thudade Lake], near head of Skeena River, northern British Columbia, [Canada].

Remarks: The field catalog notes that this specimen was collected 

by C. R. Cross Jr.

Ursus tahltanicus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 181, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam, 1914. See Hall (1984:9).

Holotype: USNM 179928. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected [SL: 

Sep 1906] and presented by G. F. Norton. No original number. [SL: 9258-X].

Type Locality: Klappan Creek, third south fork of Stikine River, 

[SL: near Klappan Mountain], British Columbia, [Canada].

Ursus toklat Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 182, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:2).

Holotype: USNM 158813. [Skull only]. Adult female. Collected 

24 [FC: 28] May 1908 by C. Sheldon and presented to the 

Biological Survey by him. Original number 324.

Type Locality: Head of Toklat River, north base of Alaska Range 

near Mount McKinley, [Alaska].

Remarks: Mother of cub USNM 158814.

Ursus townsendi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 151, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos dalli Merriam, 1896. See Hall (1984:4).

Holotype: USNM 216643. [Skull only]. Old male. No collector 

or date of collection given. Purchased by C. H. Townsend in 

1889. No original number.

Type Locality: Mainland of southeastern Alaska, exact locality 

uncertain, but probably between Cross Sound and Alsek 

River delta.

Ursus utahensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 193, 13 Aug 1914.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:5).

Holotype: USNM 180193. [Skull only]. Old male. Collected 

22 May 1911 by M. Martenson. No original number. [SL: 

9314-X].
NUMBER 646 • 2 7

Type Locality: North Fork Salina Creek, [SL: 1 mi (1.6 km) S of 

the Nipple], 10 mi (16 km) or 12 mi (19 km) southeast of 

Mayfield, [Sanpete County], Utah.

Ursus washake Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 152, 6 Sep 1916a.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 213005. [Skull only]. Adult male, rather old. 

Collected Sep 1913 by J. A. McGuire. No original number. 

[SL: 14166-X].

Type Locality: North Fork Shoshone River, Absaroka Mountains, between Bighorn Basin and Yellowstone National 

Park, [Park County], western Wyoming.

Vetularctos inopinatus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 41: 132, 9 Feb 1918.

= Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815. See Hall (1984:6).

Holotype: USNM 8706/7149. Skin, skull, [and skeleton]. Nearly 

adult female. Collected 24 Jun 1864 by R. MacFarlane. 

Original number 1979.

Type Locality: Rendezvous Lake, northeast of Fort Anderson, 

Mackenzie, [Northwest Territories, Canada].

Family Otariidae Gray, 1825

Genus Arctocephalus E. Geoffroy 

and F. Cuvier, 1826

Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 178, 1 Jul 1897c.

Holotype: USNM 83617. [Cranium only]. Adult male. Collected 

22 May 1892 by C. H. Townsend. No original number.

Type Locality: On the beach on the west side of Guadalupe Island, off Lower California (Baja California), [Mexico].

Family Phocidae Gray, 1821

Genus Mirounga Gray, 1827

Macrorhinus angustirostris Gill

Proc. Essex Inst. 5: 13, 1866a. Communicated 16 Oct 1865; 

separates issued 7 Apr 1866 as Proc. Chic. Acad. Sci. 1: 33, 

Apr 1866b.

= Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866). See Elliot (1904a:545).

Lectotype as designated by J. A. Allen (1880:748): USNM 4704. 

Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood (1909:205): Immature] female. Collected in [SL: 1857 by W. O. Ayres]. No original 

number.

Type Locality: St. Bartholomews Bay (Puerto San Bartolome), 

Lower California (Baja California Sur), [Mexico].

Remarks: A holotype was not designated in the original description. This specimen is the only one in the collection with the 

locality given by Gill and was designated by Allen as the 

type = lectotype (ICZN, 1999: Article 74.5) in a footnote to 

the table on page 748.

Genus Phoca Linnaeus, 1758

Halichoerus antarcticus Peale

U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 30, pl. 31, 1848.

= Phoca vitulina richardii (Gray, 1864). See Scheffer (1958:92).

Holotype: USNM 3741/3648. Skin and skull. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:204): Young] adult. Sex not given. Collected 10 Mar, 

year not given, by the U.S. Exploring Expedition. [MC: Cataloged 10 Jan 1860]. Original number [MC: 29].

Type Locality: Deception Island, [South Shetland Islands], Antarctic Sea. Amended by Gill (1866:4, footnote) to California 

and Oregon coasts.

Remarks: Although the name antarcticus Peale predates that of 

richardii Gray, we consider it a nomen oblitum under ICZN 

(1999: Article 23). The skin was described in the original description, but it has been missing at least since Lyon and Osgood (1909:204). A holotype was not designated by number 

in the original description, but Peale mentioned only a single 

specimen and reference to J. A. Allen (1880:580) leaves no 

doubt that USNM 3741/3648 is the specimen upon which 

the description was based and is therefore the holotype by 

monotypy (ICZN, 1999: Article 73.1.2).

Phoca ochotensis macrodens J. A. Allen

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 16: 483, 12 Dec 1902a.

= Phoca largha Pallas, 1811. See Wozencraft (2005:332).

Holotype: USNM 83447. [Skull and atlas]. Young adult male. 

Collected in 1896 by L. Stejneger. No original number.

Type Locality: Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka (Kamchatskiy), [Russia].

Phoca richardii geronimensis J. A. Allen

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 16: 495, 12 Dec 1902a.

= Phoca vitulina richardii (Gray, 1864). See Scheffer (1958:92).

Holotype: USNM 81520. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

13 Sep 1896 by A. W. Anthony. Original number [SL: 209].

Type Locality: San Geronimo Island (Isla San Jeronimo), Lower 

California (Baja California), [MC: Mexico].

Phoca richardii pribilofensis J. A. Allen

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 16: 495, 12 Dec 1902a.

= Phoca vitulina richardii (Gray, 1864). See Doutt (1942:117).

Holotype: USNM 83223/49550. [Skin, skull, and skeleton]. 

Adult female. Collected on unknown date by C. H. 

Townsend. No original number. [MC: Skin cataloged 28 

Nov 1896; the skull and skeleton 5 Jan 1900].

Type Locality: [MC: St. Paul Island], Pribilof Islands, Alaska.

Remarks: Published as USNM 49550. J. A. Allen (1902a:495) 

described an adult female skin from St. Paul Island collected 

by Townsend, number USNM 83223, but apparently did 

not realize that it belonged to the type skull and skeleton.

Phoca stejnegeri J. A. Allen

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 16: 485, 12 Dec 1902a.

= Phoca vitulina stejnegeri J. A. Allen, 1902. See Shaughnessy 

and Fay (1977:404).
2 8 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Holotype: USNM 21310. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 16 

Apr 1883 by L. Stejneger. Original number [SL: 1973].

Type Locality: Bering Island (Ostrov Beringa), [Kamchatskiy, Russia].

Family Mustelidae Fischer, 1817

Genus Aonyx Lesson, 1827

Aonyx capensis helios Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(19): 1, 8 Nov 1913a.

= Aonyx capensis hindei (Thomas, 1905). See Coetzee (1977:9).

Holotype: USNM 175750. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected Oct 1912 by H. J. A. Turner. Original number 1181.

Type Locality: 40 mi (64 km) southwest of Kericho Station, Sotik 

District (Nyanza), British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Enhydra Fleming, 1822

Enhydra lutris kenyoni Wilson, in Wilson et al.

J. Mammal. 72: 33, 13 Feb 1991.

Holotype: USNM 527045. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected between Jan and May 1959 by K. W. Kenyon. Original KWK 59-17.

Type Locality: Amchitka Island, Alaska.

Latax lutris nereis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 159, 6 Oct 1904c.

= Enhydra lutris nereis (Merriam, 1904). See Grinnell (1923:316).

Holotype: USNM 133508. [Skull and skeleton]. Adult male. 

Collected 2 Jul 1904 by G. M. McGuire. No original number. [SL: 4690-X].

Type Locality: San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Islands, [Santa 

Barbara County], California.

Genus Galictis Bell, 1826

Galictis canaster Nelson

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 129, 9 Aug 1901.

= Galictis vittata canaster Nelson, 1901. See Cabrera (1958:259).

Holotype: USNM 159562. [Skin and skull]. [Poole and Schantz 

(1942:63): Adult] [SL: male]. Collected in winter 1901 by 

the Indians. No original number. [SL: 7622-X].

Type Locality: Near Tunkas, northern Yucatan, [Mexico].

Remarks: [XC: This specimen was captured alive and sent to 

General F. Canton, Governor of Yucatan, who later presented the specimen to the U.S. Biological Survey]. The type 

was described from the living specimen while it was in the 

possession of General Canton.

Genus Gulo Pallas, 1780

Gulo luscus vancouverensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 177, 15 Nov 1935.

= Gulo gulo vancouverensis Goldman, 1935. See Wozencraft 

(2005:607).

Holotype: USNM 211499. Skull only. Old adult male. Collected 

27 Mar 1913 by W. R. Kent. X- Catalog number 14081[-X].

Type Locality: Great Central Lake, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, [Canada].

Genus Ictonyx Kaup, 1835

Ictonyx capensis albescens Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 13, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Ictonyx striatus albescens Heller, 1913. See Hollister (1918: 

114).

Holotype: USNM 182724. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 15 Sep 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 4318.

Type Locality: Summit of Mount Lololokwi, northern Guaso 

Nyiro (Ewaso Ngiro) district, British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Lontra Gray, 1843

Lutra canadensis evexa Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 182, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis pacifica (J. A. Allen, 1898). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 47018. Skull only. Adult male. Collected in 

1892 by W. E. Traill. No original number.

Type Locality: Stuart Lake, near headwaters of Fraser River, British Columbia, [Canada].

Lutra canadensis extera Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 181, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis pacifica (J. A. Allen, 1898). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 12485. Skull and parts of skeleton. Adult, 

probably male. Collected in 1872 by W. H. Dall. Original 

number [MC: 641].

Type Locality: Nagai Island, Shumagin Islands, [MC: Poppoff 

Strait], Alaska.

Lutra canadensis kodiacensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 180, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis kodiacensis (Goldman, 1935). See Van Zyll 

de Jong (1972:86).

Holotype: USNM 98142. Skull only. Adult, probably female. 

Collected by C. H. Merriam. Found and presented to Merriam by G. B. Grinnell in Jul 1899. No original number.

Type Locality: Uyak Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska.

Lutra canadensis nexa Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 182, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis pacifica (J. A. Allen, 1898). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 210572. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 19 Dec 1915 by R. F. Dietz. Original number [XC: 1]. 

X-Catalogue number 13275[-X].

Type Locality: Near Deeth, Humboldt River, Elko County, 

Nevada.
NUMBER 646 • 2 9

Lutra canadensis optiva Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 179, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis pacifica (J. A. Allen, 1898). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 137320. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

[FC: 5 May] 1905 by C. Sheldon. Original number [XC: 3]. 

X-Catalogue number 5462[-X].

Type Locality: Zaikoff Bay, Montague Island, [FC: Prince William Sound], Alaska.

Lutra canadensis preblei Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 178, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis pacifica (J. A. Allen, 1898). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 147413. Skull only. Adult male. Collected Aug 

1903 by E. A. Preble. Original number 4894.

Type Locality: Near McTavish Bay, Great Bear Lake, on canoe 

route from Lake Hardisty, [SL: south of McTavish Bay], 

[FC: and between Lake Hardisty and McTavish Bay], Mackenzie, [Northwest Territories, Canada].

Lutra canadensis texensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 184, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis lataxina (Cuvier, 1823). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 156849. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 

Mar 1908 by B. V. Lilly. No original number. X-Catalogue 

number 7047[-X].

Type Locality: 20 mi (32 km) west of Angleton, Brazoria County, 

Texas.

Lutra canadensis yukonensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 180, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis pacifica (J. A. Allen, 1898). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 21480. Skull only. Adult female. Collected fall 

1879 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 112.

Type Locality: Unalakleet, Norton Sound, Alaska.

Lutra destructor Barnston

Can. Nat. Geol. 8: 152, Apr 1863.

= Lontra canadensis canadensis (Schreber, 1777). See Lariviere 

and Walton (1998:1).

Lectotype as designated by Goldman (1935:176): USNM 

5128/4445. Skin, skull, and skeleton. Rather young female. 

Collected on unknown date by G. Barnston. No original 

number. [MC: Cataloged 17 Oct 1861].

Type Locality: Region of North-eastern America. Fixed by Goldman (1935:176) in the lectotype designation as Michipicoten, Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada.

Remarks: The skin was missing at the time of the lectotype designation and still cannot be found.

Lutra iowa Goldman

Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 27: 229, 8 Dec 1941b.

Holotype: USNM 266580. This specimen was transferred to the 

NMNH Paleobiology Department on 17 Oct 2014.

Lutra mira Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 185, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis mira (Goldman, 1935). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 127888. Skull only. Young adult male. Collected 

[FC: 22] May 1903 by W. H. Osgood. Original number 2290.

Type Locality: [FC: Near head of 12 Mile Arm], Kasaan Bay, 

Prince of Wales Island, Alaska.

Lutra repanda Goldman

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 63(5): 3, 14 Mar 1914.

= Lontra longicaudus annectens (Major, 1897). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:87).

Holotype: USNM 179974. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

30 May 1912 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 21758.

Type Locality: Cana [Hall and Kelson (1959:948): (Santa Cruz 

de Cana), Upper Rio Tuyra], 2,000 ft (610 m), [Darien], 

eastern Panama.

Lutra vancouverensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 186, 15 Nov 1935.

= Lontra canadensis mira (Goldman, 1935). See Van Zyll de 

Jong (1972:85).

Holotype: USNM 137775. Skull only. Adult male. Collected in 

1905 by H. O. Bergh. No original number. X-Catalog number 5517[-X].

Type Locality: [XC: Near] Quatsino, [XC: northwest coast of] 

Vancouver Island, British Columbia, [Canada].

Genus Lutra Brisson, 1762

Lutra stejnegeri Goldman

J. Mammal. 17: 164, 14 May 1936c.

= Lutra lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758). See Ellerman and MorrisonScott (1951:276).

Holotype: USNM 49485. Skull [and skeleton], not skull only as 

given in original description. Subadult, probably male. Collected in 1882 or 1883 by L. Stejneger. No original number.

Type Locality: Near Petropavlovsk (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Kamchatka (Kamchatskiy), Siberia (Russia).

Genus Martes Pinel, 1792

Martes pennanti columbiana Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 176, 15 Nov 1935.

Holotype: USNM 56953. Skull only. Adult male. Collected in 

1893 by W. E. Traill. No original number.

Type Locality: Stuart Lake, near headwaters of Fraser River, British Columbia, [Canada].

Mustela americana abieticola Preble

N. Am. Fauna 22: 68, 31 Oct 1902.
3 0 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

= Martes americana abieticola (Preble, 1902). See G. S. Miller 

(1912c:92).

Holotype: USNM 19256/34962. Skin, skull, and skeleton. Adult 

male. Collected Feb 1890 by R. MacFarlane. Original number [SL: 54].

Type Locality: Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, [Canada].

Mustela americana actuosa Osgood

N. Am. Fauna 19: 43, 6 Oct 1900.

= Martes americana actuosa (Osgood, 1900). See G. S. Miller 

(1912c:93).

Holotype: USNM 6043. Skull only. Old adult male. Collected 

[MC: Nov 1860] by R. Kennicott. Original number [MC: 

1017].

Type Locality: Fort Yukon, Alaska.

Remarks: A skin, USNM 6413, belongs to the skull, but it has 

been missing at least since Lyon and Osgood (1909:222).

Mustela caurina Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 4: 27, 8 Oct 1890b.

= Martes caurina (Merriam, 1890). See MacDonald and Cook 

(2007) and authors therein for considering caurina a valid 

species.

Holotype: USNM 186450. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected 4 Feb 1886 by L. C. Toney. Original number 

[MCC: 9]. Merriam collection number 2054/2578.

Type Locality: Coast near Grays Harbor, Chehalis (Grays Harbor) County, Washington.

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 2054/2578. 

Cataloged as USNM 186450 on 13 Oct 1911.

Mustela caurina origenes Rhoads

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 54: 458, 30 Sep 1902.

= Martes caurina (Merriam, 1890). See Carr and Hicks (1997:17). 

Status of subspecies unresolved according to MacDonald 

and Cook (2007:91).

Holotype: USNM 112170. [Skin and skull]. Young adult female. 

Collected 16 Sep 1901 by E. T. Seton (E. Seton-Thompson). 

No original number.

Type Locality: Marvine Mountain, Garfield? (Rio Blanco) 

County, Colorado.

Mustela nesophila Osgood

N. Am. Fauna 21: 33, 26 Sep 1901.

= Martes caurina (Merriam, 1890). See Carr and Hicks (1997:21). 

Status of subspecies unresolved according to MacDonald 

and Cook (2007:91).

Holotype: USNM 78066. Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:222): Adult] male. Collected on unknown date by 

J. H. Keen. No original number. [MC: Cataloged 9 Jun 

1896].

Type Locality: Massett (Masset), Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii Archipelago), British Columbia, 

[Canada].

Genus Mellivora Storr, 1780

Mellivora abyssinica Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(13): 1, 10 Oct 1910a.

= Mellivora capensis abyssinica Hollister, 1910. See G. M. Allen 

(1939:182).

Holotype: USNM 171876. Skin and skull. Old adult female. 

Collected in 1909 by H. Philip. No original number.

Type Locality: Vicinity of Addis Ababa (Adis Abeba), [Adis 

Abeba], Abyssinia (Ethopia). Restricted by Hollister 

(1911b:37) to Suksukki River, a small stream which connects Lake Zwai with Lake Hora Schalo, about midway between the two lakes, which with others lie between 7° and 

8° north latitude, and between 38° and 39° longitude east, 

altitude 4,500 ft (1,372 m) to 5,000 ft (1,524 m).

Mellivora sagulata Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(13): 2, 10 Oct 1910a.

= Mellivora capensis cottoni Lydekker, 1906. See Vanderhaar 

and Hwang (2003:1).

Holotype: USNM 171875. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

Sep 1889 by W. L. Abbott. No original number.

Type Locality: Mount Kilimanjaro, altitude 5,000 ft (1,524 m), 

[Kilimanjaro], East Africa (Tanzania).

Genus Mustela Linnaeus, 1758

Mustela campestris Jackson

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 26: 124, 21 May 1913.

= Mustela nivalis campestris Jackson, 1913. See Hall (1981:992).

Holotype: USNM 171490. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 18 Apr 1911 by G. Sharp. No original number. [SL: 

8440-X].

Type Locality: Beemer, [Cuming County], Nebraska.

Mustela costaricensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 9, 23 Jan 1912b.

= Mustela frenata costaricensis Goldman, 1912. See Hall 

(1936:109).

Holotype: USNM 13770/37149. Skin and skull. Young adult, 

sex not given. Collected on unknown date by C. H. Van 

Patten. No original number. [MC: Cataloged 11 Jun 1883].

Type Locality: San Jose, [San Jose], Costa Rica.

Mustela erminea celenda Hall

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 57: 38, 28 Jun 1944.

Holotype: USNM 130987. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

16 Jun 1903 by C. Catt. Original number [XC: 1]. 4407-X.

Type Locality: Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska.

Mustela erminea gulosa Hall

J. Mammal. 26: 84, 23 Feb 1945a.

Holotype: USNM 81998. Skin and skull. Subadult male. Collected 

3 Feb 1897 by P. Schmid. No original number. 147-[XC: X].
NUMBER 646 • 3 1

Type Locality: Trout Lake, [SL: Mt. Adams], Klickitat County, 

Washington.

Mustela erminea olympica Hall

J. Mammal. 26: 81, 23 Feb 1945a.

Holotype: USNM 90738. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

28 Aug 1897 by V. Bailey. Original number 6213.

Type Locality: Near head of Soleduc (Sol Duc) River, altitude 

4,500 ft (1,372 m), Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, 

Washington.

Mustela frenata panamensis Hall

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 139, 9 Sep 1932.

Holotype: USNM 170970. Skin and skull. Subadult female. Collected 17 Feb 1911 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

[FC: Nelson and Goldman] 20897.

Type Locality: Rio Indio, Canal Zone, near Gatun, [Colon], Panama.

Mustela frenata perotae Hall

Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 473: 100, 20 Nov 1936.

Holotype: USNM 54278. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 

26 May 1893 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 4864.

Type Locality: Cofre de Perote, altitude 12,500 ft (3,810 m), 

Vera Cruz (Veracruz), Mexico.

Mustela lineiventer Hollister

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 26: 2, 18 Jan 1913a.

= Mustela eversmanii michnoi (Katschenko, 1910). See Wozencraft (2005:614).

Holotype: USNM 175440. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

10 Jul 1912 by N. Hollister. Original number 4281.

Type Locality: Tchegan-Burgazi Pass, altitude 9,000 ft (2,743 

m), Little Altai [Mountains, Altayskiy], Siberia (Russia).

Mustela lymani Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(14): 5, 29 Nov 1912b.

= Mustela erminea lymani Hollister, 1912. See Ognev (1935:28).

Holotype: USNM 175198. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

10 Aug 1912 by N. Hollister. Original number 4494.

Type Locality: Tapucha, Altai Mountains, [Altayskiy], Siberia 

(Russia).

Mustela meridana Hollister

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 143, 10 Jul 1914b.

= Mustela frenata affinis Gray, 1874. See Wozencraft (2005:615).

Holotype: USNM 123341. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

14 Aug 1903 by S. Briceño. No original number.

Type Locality: Sierra de Merida, altitude 1,630 m, near Merida, 

[Merida], Venezuela.

Mustela peninsulae olivacea A. H. Howell

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 26: 139, 21 May 1913.

= Mustela frenata olivacea A. H. Howell, 1913. See Hall 

(1936:105).

Holotype: USNM 180802. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

22 Dec 1912 by L. S. Golsan. Original number 144. 9988-X.

Type Locality: Autaugaville, [Autauga County], Alabama.

Mustela primulina Jackson

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 26: 123, 21 May 1913.

= Mustela frenata primulina Jackson, 1913. See Hall (1936:104).

Holotype: USNM 168006. Skin and skull. Subadult female. Collected 11 May 1905 by H. H. T. Jackson. Original number 

552. [SL: 7869-X].

Type Locality: 5 mi (8 km) northeast of Avilla, Jasper County, 

Missouri.

Mustela tiarata Hollister

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 26: 2, 18 Jan 1913a.

= Mustela eversmanii michnoi (Katschenko, 1910). See Wozencraft (2005:614).

Holotype: USNM 155160. Skin and skull. Immature male. Collected 24 Jul 1909 by A. de C. Sowerby. Original number 196.

Type Locality: Chui-ning-chow (Jingning?), altitude 5,500 ft 

(1,676 m), 150 mi (241 km) east of Lanchow (Lanzhou), 

Kansu (Gansu), China.

Putorius alleni Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 24, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela frenata alleni (Merriam, 1896). See Hall (1936:106).

Holotype: USNM 186451. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

12 Jul 1888 by V. Bailey. Original number 90. Merriam collection number 4485/5120.

Type Locality: [FC: likely taken at Wilcox’s Ranch, 4 mi (6 km) 

west of] Custer, Black Hills, [Custer County], South Dakota.

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 4485/5120; 

cataloged as USNM 186451 on 14 Oct 1911.

Putorius arcticus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 15, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela erminea arctica (Merriam, 1896). See Ognev (1935:31).

Holotype: USNM 14062/23010. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 16 Jul 1883 by J. Murdoch. Original number 1672.

Type Locality: Point Barrow, Alaska.

Putorius arcticus kadiacensis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 16, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela erminea kadiacensis (Merriam, 1896). See Hall 

(1945b:179).

Holotype: USNM 65290. [Skin and skull]. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:219): Young] adult male. Collected 25 Apr 1894 by 

B. J. Bretherton. Original number [SL: 304].

Type Locality: Kadiak (Kodiak) Island, Alaska.

Putorius culbertsoni Coues

U.S. Geol. Surv. Territ. Misc. Publ. 8: 136, 1877.

= Mustela frenata longicauda Bonaparte, 1838. See Hall 

(1936:105).
3 2 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Syntype: USNM 4320/37995. Skin and skull. Age and sex not 

given. Collected Dec 1859 by [SL: F. V. Hayden. Original 

number 75].

Syntype: USNM 4325. [Skin only]. Age and sex not given. Collected [MC: 8 Aug 1860 by G. H. Trook]. No original 

number.

Type Localities: USNM 4320/37995, Fort Laramie, [Goshen 

County], Wyoming. USNM 4325, Old Fort Union, [Williams County], Montana (now North Dakota).

Remarks: Both specimens were published with just the skin numbers. According to Lyon and Osgood (1909:218), the skull 

was removed from USNM 4320 in Jan 1902. It was cataloged as USNM 37995 on 29 Jan 1902. Nothing is known 

of the whereabouts of USNM 4325.

Putorius frenatus goldmani Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 28, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela frenata goldmani (Merriam, 1896). See Miller 

(1912c:100).

Holotype: USNM 77519. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

10 Feb 1896 by E. A. Goldman. Original number [FC: Nelson and Goldman] 9279.

Type Locality: Pinabete, altitude about 8,200 ft (2,500 m), Chiapas, Mexico.

Putorius frenatus leucoparia Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 29, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela frenata leucoparia (Merriam, 1896). See Miller 

(1912c:100).

Holotype: USNM 34914/47179. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 27 Jul 1892 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 2960.

Type Locality: Patzcuaro, [FC: altitude about 7,000 ft (2,134 

m)], Michoacan, Mexico.

Putorius haidarum Preble

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 169, 10 Aug 1898.

= Mustela erminea haidarum (Preble, 1898). See Hall (1944:38).

Holotype: USNM 94430. Skin, skull, [and skeleton]. [Lyon and 

Osgood (1909:219): Adult] [SL: male]. Collected 17 Mar 

1898 by J. H. Keen. No original number. [SL: 1800-X].

Type Locality: Massett (Masset), [Graham Island], Queen 

Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii Archipelago), B[ritish] 

C[olumbia, Canada].

Putorius kaneii Baird

Mammals Rep. Explor. Surv. 8(1): 172. 1857.

= Mustela erminea kaneii (Baird, 1857). See Hall (1951:98).

Holotype: USNM 2330/37900. Skin in summer pelage [and 

skull]. [Lyon and Osgood (1909:219): Adult], sex not given. 

Collected on unknown date by [MC: W.] Stimpson. Original 

number [SL: 358]. [MC: Skin cataloged in Mar 1857; the 

skull 11 Jan 1902].

Type Locality: Arikamtchitchi Island (Ostrov Arakamchechen), 

Bering Straits, Tchuktchi Country (Chukotskiy), [Russia].

Remarks: No holotype was designated by number in the original 

description. Baird (1857:172) mentioned a second specimen, USNM 1458, in winter pelage, but his description was 

based on the specimen in summer pelage, USNM 2330, to 

which the skull USNM 37900 belongs.

Putorius richardsoni alascensis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 12, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela erminea alascensis (Merriam, 1896). See Hall 

(1944:36).

Holotype: USNM 74423. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

22 Aug 1895 by C. P. Streator. Original number 4806.

Type Locality: Juneau, [FC: above timberline], Alaska.

Putorius saturatus Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 21, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela frenata saturata (Merriam, 1896). See Hall (1936:106).

Holotype: USNM 65930. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

6 Jun 1894 by C. P. Streator. Original number 3905.

Type Locality: Siskiyou, altitude about 4,000 ft (1,219 m), [FC: 

Jackson County], near the southern boundary of Oregon.

Putorius streatori Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 13, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela erminea streatori (Merriam, 1896). See Hall 

(1945a:77).

Holotype: USNM 76646. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

29 Feb 1896 by D. H. Luckey. Original number 3.

Type Locality: Mount Vernon, Skagit Valley, Skagit County, 

Washington.

Putorius streatori leptus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 76, 29 May 1903.

= Mustela erminea muricus Bangs, 1899. See Hall (1945b:182).

Holotype: USNM 56800. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. Collected 20 Oct 1893 by J. A. Loring. Original number 1185.

Type Locality: Silverton, [San Juan County], Colorado.

Putorius tropicalis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 30, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela frenata tropicalis (Merriam, 1896). See Hall 

(1936:109).

Holotype: USNM 54994. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

9 Jul 1893 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 5195.

Type Locality: Jico, altitude 6,000 ft (1,800 m), Vera Cruz (Veracruz), Mexico.

Putorius tropicalis perdus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 67, 22 Mar 1902e.

= Mustela frenata perda (Merriam, 1902). See Hall (1936:109).

Holotype: USNM 100041. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 31 Mar 1900 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 14074.

Type Locality: Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.
NUMBER 646 • 3 3

Putorius washingtoni Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 18, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela frenata washingtoni (Merriam, 1896). See Hall 

(1936:106).

Holotype: USNM 76322. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

15 Dec 1895 by D. N. Kaegi. Original number [SL: 2].

Type Locality: Trout Lake, [Miller and Rehn (1901:223): south] 

base of Mount Adams, [Klickitat County], Washington.

Putorius xanthogenys oregonensis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 11: 25, 30 Jun 1896b.

= Mustela frenata oregonensis (Merriam, 1896). See Hall 

(1936:107).

Holotype: USNM 32019/43828. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 19 Dec 1891 by C. P. Streator. Original number 1404.

Type Locality: [FC: By slaughterhouse], Grants Pass, Rogue 

River Valley, [Josephine County], Oregon.

Genus Neovison Baryshnikov 

and Abramov, 1997

Lutreola macrodon Prentiss

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 26: 888, 6 Jul 1903.

= Neovison macrodon (Prentiss, 1903). See Abramov (1999:362).

Holotype: USNM 115178. Fragments of skull. Sex not given. 

Collected in 1897 by F. W. True and D. W. Prentiss Jr. No 

original number.

Type Locality: Pre-Columbian shell heaps, Brooklin, Hancock 

County, Maine.

Lutreola vison ingens Osgood

N. Am. Fauna 19: 42, 6 Oct 1900.

= Neovison vison ingens (Osgood, 1900). See Wozencraft 

(2005:619).

Holotype: USNM 6530. Skull only. Old adult, [Lyon and Osgood (1909:221): probably] male. Collected [MC: 15 Feb 

1862] by R. Kennicott. Original number [MC: 262].

Type Locality: Fort Yukon, Alaska.

Lutreola vison lacustris Preble

N. Am. Fauna 22: 66, 31 Oct 1902.

= Neovison vison lacustris (Preble, 1902). See Wozencraft 

(2005:619).

Holotype: USNM 106872. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected 14 Sep 1900 by E. A. and A. E. Preble. Original 

number [FC: EAP] 3518.

Type Locality: [FC: Upper dam], Echimamish River, near Painted 

Stone [Miller (1924:126): portage], Keewatin (Manitoba), 

Canada.

Mustela vison aniakensis Burns

Can. J. Zool. 42: 1073, Nov 1964.

= Neovison vison aniakensis (Burns, 1964). See Wozencraft 

(2005:619).

Holotype: USNM 337939. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 25 Nov 1962 by J. Bloomquist. Original number 

[SL: 490].

Type Locality: Vicinity of Aniak, along the Salmon River, Alaska.

Mustela vison evergladensis Hamilton

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 61: 139, 3 Sep 1948.

= Neovison vison evergladensis (Hamilton, 1948). See Wozencraft (2005:619).

Holotype: USNM 514830. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 7 Mar 1947 by W. J. Piper. Original number [MC: W. 

J. Hamilton, Jr. 2474]. Cornell University Museum number 

3850.

Type Locality: Tamiami Trail, U.S. Route 94, 5 mi (8 km) southeast of Royal Palm Hammock, Collier County, Florida.

Remarks: Published as Cornell University Museum number 

3850; cataloged as USNM 514830 on 25 Aug 1977.

Mustela vison letifera Hollister

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 44: 475, 18 Apr 1913b.

= Neovison vison letifera (Hollister, 1913). See Wozencraft 

(2005:619).

Holotype: USNM 188305. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

7 Nov 1885 by V. Bailey. Original number [SL: 3. Merriam 

collection number 1575/2189].

Type Locality: Elk River, [Sherburne County], Minnesota.

Genus Taxidea Waterhouse, 1839

Taxidea americana neglecta Mearns

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3: 250, 5 Jun 1891.

= Taxidea taxus jeffersonii (Harlan, 1825). See Long (1972:732).

Holotype: USNM 3835/4196. Skin and skull. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:227): Adult] male. Collected 25 Mar 1859 by J. Feilner. Original number 313.

Type Locality: Fort Crook, [Shasta County], northern California.

Remarks: Published as USNM 4196, a skull to which skin 

USNM 3835 belongs.

Taxidea berlandieri Baird

Mammals Rep. Explor. Surv. 8(1): 205, 1857.

= Taxidea taxus berlandieri Baird, 1857. See J. A. Allen (1895:256).

Holotype: USNM 1710. Skin only. Male, [sex unknown]. Collected [SL: 8 May 1855], [collector unknown]. Received 

from J. Pope.

Type Locality: Llano Estacado, [Miller and Rehn (1901:217): 

near border of New Mexico], Texas.

Taxidea taxus apache Schantz

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 61: 175, 12 Nov 1948.

= Taxidea taxus berlandieri Baird, 1857. See Long (1972:745).

Holotype: USNM 20747/35880. Skin and skull. Young adult 

female. Collected 20 Oct 1892 by E. A. Mearns and F. X. 

Holzner. Original number 2139.
3 4 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Type Locality: San Pedro River, Arizona and Sonora, Mexico–

United States boundary line.

Taxidea taxus dacotensis Schantz

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 59: 81, 19 Jun 1946a.

= Taxidea taxus taxus (Schreber, 1777). See Long (1972:738).

Holotype: USNM 223233. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 9 

Sep 1916 by T. C. Beach. Original number 26. Biological 

Surveys miscellaneous number 17782-X.

Type Locality: Folsom, Custer County, South Dakota.

Taxidea taxus hallorani Schantz

J. Mammal. 30: 302, 17 Aug 1949.

= Taxidea taxus berlandieri Baird, 1857. See Long (1972:745).

Holotype: USNM 275196. Skin and skull. Male, [age undetermined]. Collected 18 Feb 1947 by A. F. Halloran. Original 

number 135. [SL: 32552-X].

Type Locality: Imperial Refuge, Kofa Game Range, Castle Dome 

Mountains, Yuma County, Arizona.

Taxidea taxus iowae Schantz

J. Mammal. 28: 287, 19 Aug 1947.

= Taxidea taxus taxus (Schreber, 1777). See Long (1972:738).

Holotype: USNM 275169. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected 8 Dec 1946 by H. T. Maltby. Original number 1. 

Biological Surveys miscellaneous number 32525-X.

Type Locality: Near Clarion, Wright County, Iowa.

Taxidea taxus jacksoni Schantz

J. Mammal. 26: 431, 12 Feb 1946b.

Holotype: USNM 117315. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

13 Jun 1902 by H. H. T. Jackson. No original number, 

3739-X.

Type Locality: 4 mi (6 km) east of Milton, Rock County, 

Wisconsin.

Taxidea taxus littoralis Schantz

J. Mammal. 30: 301, 17 Aug 1949.

= Taxidea taxus berlandieri Baird, 1857. See Long (1972:745).

Holotype: USNM 116763. Skin only. Adult male. Collected 6 

Aug (?) 1901 by J. M. Priour. Original number 1. Biological 

Surveys miscellaneous number 3611-X.

Type Locality: Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas.

Taxidea taxus merriami Schantz

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 40: 92, 15 Mar 1950a.

= Taxidea taxus taxus (Schreber, 1777). See Long (1972:738).

Holotype: USNM 188609. Skin and skull. Old female. Collected 

16 Nov 1886 by A. B. Baker. No original number. Merriam 

collection number 3074/3714.

Type Locality: Banner, Trego County, Kansas.

Taxidea taxus montana Schantz

J. Mammal. 31: 90, 21 Feb 1950b.

= Taxidea taxus jeffersonii (Harlan, 1825). See Long (1972:732).

Holotype: USNM 214912. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

3 May 1916 by R. W. Gray. Original number 48. Biological 

Surveys miscellaneous number 16265-X.

Type Locality: 35 mi (56 km) south of Dillon, Beaverhead 

County, Montana.

Taxidea taxus nevadensis Schantz

J. Mammal. 30: 304, 17 Aug 1949. Primary junior homonym of 

Taxidea nevadensis Butterworth, 1916. Replaced with Taxidea taxus halli by Schantz (1951:127).

= Taxidea taxus berlandieri Baird, 1857. See Long (1972:745).

Holotype: USNM 276007. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

27 Jun 1947 by O. V. Deming. Original number 1. 33134-X.

Type Locality: White Sage Flat, between Desert Range and Sheep 

Range [XC: Mountain], Desert Game Range, Clark County, 

Nevada.

Taxidea taxus sonoriensis Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 29: 300, 15 Jul 1939a.

= Taxidea taxus berlandieri Baird, 1857. See Long (1972:745).

Holotype: USNM 96211. Skin and skull. Young adult male. Collected 29 Nov 1898 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

[FC: Nelson and Goldman] 13263.

Type Locality: Camoa, [FC: altitude about 800 ft (244 m)], 

Rio Mayo, about 15 mi (24 km) above Navojoa, Sonora, 

Mexico.

Genus Vormela Blasius, 1884

Vormela negans Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 38: 385, 19 Aug 1910a.

= Vormela peregusna negans Miller, 1910. See Ellerman and 

Morrison-Scott (1951:267).

Holotype: USNM 155001. Skin only. Adult male. Collected 18 

[SL and FC: 15] Nov 1908 by natives. Original number A. 

de C. Sowerby 92.

Type Locality: Ordos Desert about 100 mi (161 km) north of 

Yu-ling-fu (Yulin), [SL: altitude 4,000 ft (1,219 km)], Shensi 

(Nei Monggol), China.

Family Mephitidae Bonaparte, 1845

Genus Conepatus Gray, 1837

Conepatus filipensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 163, 6 Aug 1902f.

= Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus Lichtenstein, 1832. See Dragoo et al. (2003:168).

Holotype: USNM 68172. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

24 Aug 1894 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 6619.

Type Locality: Cerro San Felipe, altitude 10,000 ft (3,048 m), 

Oaxaca, [SL: Mexico].
NUMBER 646 • 3 5

Conepatus leuconotus texensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 162, 6 Aug 1902f.

= Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus Lichtenstein, 1832. See Dragoo et al. (2003:168).

Holotype: USNM 34857/47122. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 20 Jul 1892 by F. B. Armstrong. Original number 70.

Type Locality: Brownsville, Lower Rio Grande, [Cameron 

County], Texas.

Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 163, 6 Aug 1902f.

= Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus Lichtenstein, 1832. See Dragoo et al. (2003:168).

Holotype: USNM 186455. Skin and skull. Adult female [SL, 

MCC, and MC: male]. Collected 20 Feb 1886 by I. B. 

Henry. Original number [SL: 69]. Merriam collection number 2154/2681.

Type Locality: Mason, Mason County, Texas.

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 2154/2681; 

cataloged as USNM 186455 on 14 Oct 1911.

Conepatus mesoleucus nelsoni Goldman

J. Mammal. 3: 41, 8 Feb 1922.

= Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus Lichtenstein, 1832. See Dragoo et al. (2003:168).

Holotype: USNM 33252/45257. Skin and skull. Old adult male. 

Collected 3 Mar 1892 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 2004.

Type Locality: Armeria, altitude 200 ft (61 m), near Manzanillo, 

Colima, Mexico.

Conepatus mesoleucus telmalestes Bailey

N. Am. Fauna 25: 203, 24 Oct 1905.

= Conepatus leuconotus telmalestes Bailey, 1905. See Dragoo et 

al. (2003:169).

Holotype: USNM 136551. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. 

Collected 17 Mar 1905 by J. H. Gaut. Original number 

3485.

Type Locality: Big Thicket, 7 mi (11 km) northeast of Sour Lake, 

[Hardin County], Texas.

Conepatus mesoleucus venaticus Goldman

J. Mammal. 3: 40, 8 Feb 1922.

= Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus Lichtenstein, 1832. See Dragoo et al. (2003:168).

Holotype: USNM 205376. [Skin and skull]. Old adult male. 

Collected 1 Sep 1914 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

22459.

Type Locality: Cosper Ranch, altitude 5,000 ft (1,524 m), Blue 

River, 12 mi (19 km) south of Blue, [Greenlee County], 

Arizona.

Conepatus pediculus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 164, 6 Aug 1902f.

= Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus Lichtenstein, 1832. See Dragoo et al. (2003:168).

Holotype: USNM 116953. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 25 Apr 1902 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 15123.

Type Locality: Sierra Guadalupe, [FC: altitude about 6,500 ft 

(1,981 m)], Coahuila, Mexico.

Conepatus sonoriensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 162, 6 Aug 1902f.

= Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus Lichtenstein, 1832. See Dragoo et al. (2003:168).

Holotype: USNM 95914. [Skin and skull]. Young adult female. 

Collected 29 Oct 1898 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

[FC: Nelson and Goldman] 13213.

Type Locality: Camoa, [FC: altitude about 800 ft (244 m)], Rio 

Mayo, Sonora, Mexico.

Conepatus tropicalis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 164, 6 Aug 1902f.

= Conepatus semistriatus conepatl (Gmelin, 1788). See Hershkovitz (1951:562).

Holotype: USNM 63650. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 26 Feb 1894 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 5903.

Type Locality: Motzorongo, [FC: altitude 800 ft (244 m)], Vera 

Cruz (Veracruz), Mexico.

Remarks: We believe Wozencraft (2005:622) erroneously placed 

tropicalis as a synonym of C. s. amazonicus and follow Hall 

(1981:1027) and Dragoo (2009:557) in use of the trinomial 

given above.

Conepatus tropicalis yucatanicus Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 56: 89, 1 Oct 1943c.

= Conepatus semistriatus yucatanicus Goldman, 1943. See 

Miller and Kellogg (1955:761).

Holotype: USNM 108502. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected 19 Mar 1901 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 14652.

Type Locality: La Vega, on mainland coast opposite Isla Cancun, 

Quintana Roo, Mexico.

Genus Mephitis E. Geoffroy 

and G. Cuvier, 1795

Chincha occidentalis major A. H. Howell

N. Am. Fauna 20: 37, 31 Aug 1901.

= Mephitis mephitis major (A. H. Howell, 1901). See Hall 

(1931:2).

Holotype: USNM 92238. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

5 Jan 1898 by B. L. Cunningham. Original number 80. [SL: 

11889-X].

Type Locality: [XC: Anna Creek, upper end of Wood River Valley], Fort Klamath, [Klamath County], Oregon.
3 6 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Chincha occidentalis notata A. H. Howell

N. Am. Fauna 20: 36, 31 Aug 1901.

= Mephitis mephitis notata (A. H. Howell, 1901). See Hall 

(1936:67).

Holotype: USNM 87043. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 22 Mar 1897 by P. Schmid. No original number. [SL: 

243-X].

Type Locality: Trout Lake, Mount Adams, [Klickitat County], 

Washington.

Remarks: We believe Wozencraft (2005:622) incorrectly placed 

C. o. notata A. H. Howell, 1901, as a synonym of M. m. occidentalis Baird, 1857, rather than as a valid subspecies as 

did Hall (1981:1022), Wade-Smith and Verts (1982:1), and 

Dragoo (2009:559).

Chincha platyrhina A. H. Howell

N. Am. Fauna 20: 39, 31 Aug 1901.

= Mephitis mephitis occidentalis Baird, 1857. See Hall (1936:67).

Holotype: USNM 29284/41351. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 5 Jul 1891 by V. Bailey. Original number 2998.

Type Locality: South fork of Kern River, 25 mi (40 km) east of 

Kernville, [A. B. Howell (1923:266): 3 mi (5 km) above 

Onyx, Kern County], California.

Mephitis estor Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 3: 81, 11 Sep 1890a.

= Mephitis mephitis estor Merriam, 1890. See Hall (1931:1).

Holotype: USNM 17709/24645. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 17 Aug 1889 by V. Bailey. Original number 369.

Type Locality: [Miller and Kellogg (1955:756): Little Spring, 

altitude 8,200 ft (2,499 m), north base of] San Francisco 

Mountain, [Coconino County], Arizona.

Mephitis frontata Coues

Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Territ. (ser. 2), 1: 7, 1875.

= Mephitis mephitis nigra (Peale and Beauvois, 1796). See Hall 

(1936:69).

Holotype: USNM 2232. Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:224): Old adult], sex not given. Obtained on unknown date by S. F. Baird. [MC: Cataloged 28 Mar 1856].

Type Locality: Bone caves of [Lyon and Osgood (1909:224): 

Dales Cave, 3 mi (5 km) from (Poole and Schantz, 1942:68: 

northwest of) Lewisburg], [Poole and Schantz (1942:68): 

Union County], Pennsylvania.

Mephitis milleri Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 1, 11 Feb 1897c. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 467, 24 Dec 1897d.

= Mephitis macroura milleri Mearns, 1897. See J. A. Allen 

(1901:334).

Holotype: USNM 58851. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

13 Nov 1893 by F. X. Holzner. Original number [FC: 

Mearns and Holzner] 1109.

Type Locality: Fort Lowell, near Tucson, [FC: Pima County], 

Arizona.

Mephitis occidentalis Baird

Mammals Rep. Explor. Surv. 8(1): 194, 1857.

= Mephitis mephitis occidentalis Baird, 1857. See Hall (1936:67).

Lectotype as designated by Lyon and Osgood (1909:225): USNM 

1944/2617. Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood (1909:225): 

Adult, probably male]. Collected on unknown date by E. 

Samuels. Original number [MC: 837. Cataloged 10 Dec 

1856].

Type Locality: Petaluma, [Sonoma County], California.

Remarks: According to the museum catalog, the skin of this 

specimen, USNM 1944, was destroyed 8 Jan 1886.

Genus Spilogale Gray, 1865

Spilogale ambigua Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 3, 12 Jan 1897a. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 460, 24 Dec 1897b.

= Spilogale gracilis leucoparia Merriam, 1890. See Verts et al. 

(2001:1).

Holotype: USNM 20302/35606. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 23 Mar 1892 by Doctor [E. A.] Mearns and F. X. 

Holzner. Original number 1574.

Type Locality: [SL: Summit of] Eagle [SL: Cliff] Mountain, Chihuahua, Mexico, about 4 mi (6 km) south of monument 

15 [SL: 2 mi (3 km) south of monument 50 of the Emory 

Survey], Mexican Boundary Line, [SL: lat. 31°47′, long. 

30°15′].

Spilogale angustifrons A. H. Howell

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 242, 16 Dec 1902.

Holotype: USNM 50825. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

15 Dec 1892 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number [FC: EWN] 4035.

Type Locality: Tlalpam (Tlalpan), [FC: altitude 7,600 ft (2,317 

m)], [SL: Federal District (Distrito Federal)], Valley of 

Mexico.

Spilogale angustifrons elata A. H. Howell

N. Am. Fauna 26: 27, 24 Nov 1906.

Holotype: USNM 133186. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 19 Mar 1904 by [SL: E. W. Nelson] and E. A. Goldman. Original number 16618.

Type Locality: San Bartolome, [FC: altitude 3,000 ft (914 m)], 

Chiapas, [SL: Mexico].

Spilogale angustifrons tropicalis A. H. Howell

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 242, 16 Dec 1902.

Holotype: USNM 73523. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

16 May 1895 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 7958.
NUMBER 646 • 3 7

Type Locality: San Mateo del Mar, [FC: altitude 25 ft (8 m)], 

Oaxaca, [SL: Mexico].

Spilogale gracilis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 3: 83, 11 Sep 1890a.

Holotype: USNM 17986/24897. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 12 Sep 1889 by C. H. Merriam. Original number 

[SL: V. Bailey] 451.

Type Locality: [SL: Bottom] of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, [Hoffmeister (1986:507): Canon (Indian Gardens) 

Spring on the Cocanni Plateau], altitude 3,500 ft (1,067 m) 

[FC: 4,000 ft (1,219 m)], north of San Francisco Mountain, 

[Coconino County], Arizona.

Spilogale indianola Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 4: 10, 8 Oct 1890c.

= Spilogale putorius interrupta (Rafinesque, 1820). See Van 

Gelder (1959:265).

Holotype: USNM 1621. Skull only. Young adult, sex not given. 

Collected in 1851 by J. H. Clarke (Clark). No original 

number.

Type Locality: Indianola, Matagorda Bay, [Calhoun County], 

Texas.

Spilogale leucoparia Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 4: 11, 8 Oct 1890c.

= Spilogale gracilis leucoparia Merriam, 1890. See Verts et al. 

(2001:1).

Holotype: USNM 186452. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

2 Dec 1885 by I. B. Henry. Original number 16. Merriam 

collection number 1701/2270.

Type Locality: Mason, Mason County, Texas.

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 1701/2270; 

cataloged as USNM 186452 on 14 Oct 1911.

Spilogale lucasana Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 4: 11, 8 Oct 1890c.

= Spilogale gracilis lucasana Merriam, 1890. See Hall and Kelson (1952:335).

Holotype: USNM 3970/4219. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected on unknown date by J. Xantus. Original number 603/

[SL: 610]. [MC: Skin cataloged 1 Jun 1860; the skull 27 Oct 

1860].

Type Locality: Cape St. (Cabo San) Lucas, Lower California 

(Baja California Sur), [Mexico].

Spilogale microdon A. H. Howell

N. Am. Fauna 26: 34, 24 Nov 1906.

= Spilogale gracilis martirensis Elliot, 1903. See Verts et al. 

(2001:1).

Holotype: USNM 145887. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 8 Nov 1905 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. 

Original number 18501.

Type Locality: Comondu, [FC: altitude 700 ft (213 m)], Lower 

California (Baja California Sur), [Mexico].

Spilogale phenax Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 4: 13, 8 Oct 1890c.

= Spilogale gracilis phenax Merriam, 1890. See Grinnell 

(1933:105).

Holotype: USNM 186453. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

31 Oct 1885 by C. A. Allen. No original number. Merriam 

collection number 1500/2100.

Type Locality: Nicasio, Marin County, California.

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 1500/2100; 

cataloged as USNM 186453 on 14 Oct 1911.

Spilogale phenax latifrons Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 4: 15, 8 Oct 1890c.

= Spilogale gracilis latifrons Merriam, 1890. See Grinnell 

(1933:106).

Holotype: USNM 17271/24200. Skin and skull. Old female. 

Collected 13 Jul 1889 by T. S. Palmer. Original number 216.

Type Locality: Roseburg, Douglas County, Oregon.

Spilogale pygmaea australis Hall

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 11) 1: 514, May 1938.

Holotype: USNM 70581. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

[SL: 25 Jan 1895] by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number [SL: 7420].

Type Locality: Acapulco, [FC: near sea level], Guerrero, Mexico.

Spilogale ringens Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 4: 9, 8 Oct 1890c.

= Spilogale putorius putorius (Linnaeus, 1758). See A. H. Howell (1906:15).

Holotype: USNM 23182/30642. Skin and skull. [Lyon and Osgood (1909:224): Adult] female. Collected 2 Aug 1890 by 

C. S. Brimley. Original number 50.

Type Locality: Greensboro, Hale County, Alabama.

Spilogale saxatilis Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 4: 13, 8 Oct 1890c.

= Spilogale gracilis gracilis Merriam, 1890. See Verts et al. 

(2001:1).

Holotype: USNM 186454. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

13 Nov 1888 by V. Bailey. Original number 384. Merriam 

collection number 4928/5675.

Type Locality: Provo, [Utah County], Utah.

Remarks: Published as Merriam collection number 4928/5675; 

cataloged as USNM 186454 on 14 Oct 1911.

Spilogale tenuis A. H. Howell

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 241, 16 Dec 1902.

= Spilogale gracilis gracilis Merriam, 1890. See Verts et al. 

(2001:1).
3 8 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Holotype: USNM 99365. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

13 Nov 1899 by R. S. Weldon. No original number. 2198-X.

Type Locality: Arkins, [Larimer County], Colorado.

Family Procyonidae Gray, 1825

Genus Bassaricyon J. A. Allen, 1876

Bassaricyon gabbii J. A. Allen

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 28: plate 1; 21, 18 Apr 1876. 

Holotype: USNM 12273/14214. Skull only. Adult [J. A. Allen 

(1877:265): female]. Collected on unknown date by W. M. 

Gabb. Original number [SL: 44]. [MC: Cataloged 19 Nov 

1874].

Type Locality: [SL: Talamanca], [Limon], Costa Rica.

Remarks: The new name, Bassaricyon gabbii, is first given on 

plate 1, which is an unnumbered page that proceeded page 

21, where it appears again. The holotype was designated 

by number on page 20. The skin belonging to the skull was 

missing at the time of publication and has not been found.

Bassariscyon [sic] gabi [sic] orinomus Goldman

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(2): 16, 20 Sep 1912a.

= Bassaricyon medius orinomus Goldman, 1912. See Helgen et 

al. (2013:50).

Holotype: USNM 179157. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

10 Mar 1912 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 21474.

Type Locality: Cana (Santa Cruz de Cana), altitude 1,800 ft 

(549 m), [Miller and Kellogg (1955:725): Upper Rio Tuyra, 

Darien], in the mountains of eastern Panama.

Genus Bassariscus Coues, 1887

Bassaris raptor Baird

Rep. U.S. Mexican Bound. Surv., vol. 2, pt. 2: 19 Jan 1859.

= Bassariscus astutus raptor (Baird, 1859). See Grinnell 

(1913:289).

Holotype: USNM 97/976. Skin, skull, and skeleton. Age not 

given, [MC: male]. Collected 23 Apr 1852 by [MC: R. J. 

Pollard from whom it was purchased]. No original number.

Type Locality: A hen roost near Washington [D.C.]. It was supposed to have been brought from California. Hall (1926:44) 

restricted the type locality to Glenn Ellen, Sonoma County, 

California.

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the original description, which was based on a single specimen that 

evidently had escaped from confinement, as shown by the 

marks of a collar around the neck. There is no doubt that 

this specimen is the one described by Baird (1859:19) and 

is therefore a holotype by monotypy (ICZN, 1999: Article 

73.1.2).

Bassariscus astutus arizonensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 87, 21 Jun 1932b.

Holotype: USNM 205388. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

1 Sep 1914 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 22461.

Type Locality: Cosper Ranch, altitude 5,000 ft (1,524 m), Blue 

River, about 12 mi (19 km) south of Blue, Greenlee County, 

Arizona.

Bassariscus astutus consitus Nelson and Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 22: 487, 19 Oct 1932b.

Holotype: USNM 126162. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 16 Mar 1903 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. 

Original number 16151.

Type Locality: La Salada, 40 mi (64 km) south of Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico.

Bassariscus astutus insulicola Nelson and Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 22: 26, 10 Mar 1909.

Holotype: USNM 79034. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 7 Aug 1895 by J. E. McLellan. Original number 

1461, not 1416 as given in the original description.

Type Locality: San Jose Island (Isla San Jose), Lower California 

(Baja California Sur), Mexico.

Bassariscus astutus nevadensis Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 26: 159, 30 Jun 1913b.

Holotype: USNM 174760. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 8 Jan 1912 by M. Weiss. No original number.

Type Locality: Eldorado Canyon, Clark County, Nevada.

Bassariscus astutus palmarius Nelson and Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 22: 26, 10 Mar 1909.

Holotype: USNM 146192. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 8 Nov 1905 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 18500.

Type Locality: Comondu, altitude 700 ft (213 m), Lower California (Baja California Sur), Mexico.

Bassariscus saxicola Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 185, 1 Jul 1897d.

= Bassariscus astutus saxicola Merriam, 1897. See Hall 

(1926:46).

Holotype: USNM 79031. [Skin and skull]. Old female. Collected 

19 Aug 1895 by J. E. McLellan. Original number 1438.

Type Locality: Espiritu Santo Island (Isla del Espiritu Santo), 

[Gulf of California], Lower California (Baja California Sur), 

[Mexico].

Jentinkia sumichrasti campechensis Nelson and Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 22: 486, 19 Oct 1932b.

= Bassariscus sumichrasti campechensis (Nelson and Goldman, 

1932). See Hall and Kelson (1959:882).

Holotype: USNM 108291. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 2 Jan 1901 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. 

Original number 14386. X-Catalog number 10240 was 

given in error in the original description.
NUMBER 646 • 3 9

Type Locality: Apazote, near Yohaltun, central Campeche, 

Mexico.

Remarks: Even though he stated that he followed Hall (1981) for 

subspecies, Wozencraft (2005:625) placed B. s. campechensis in B. s. sumichrasti. We follow Hall (1981:964).

Genus Nasua Storr, 1780

Nasua narica isthmica Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 55: 81, 25 Jun 1942.

= Nasua narica narica (Linnaeus, 1766). See Hershkovitz 

(1951:559).

Holotype: USNM 74681. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

29 Jul 1895 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 8246.

Type Locality: Santa Efigenia, a hacienda about 8 mi (13 km) 

northwest of Tapanatepec, altitude 1,200 ft (366 m), southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico.

Nasua narica molaris Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 68, 22 Mar 1902e.

Holotype: USNM 32630/44553. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 7 Feb 1892 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number [FC: EWN] 1844.

Type Locality: Manzanillo, [FC: altitude 50 ft (15 m)], Colima, 

Mexico.

Nasua narica richmondi Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 22: 312, 4 Jun 1932c.

= Nasua narica narica (Linnaeus, 1766). See Hershkovitz 

(1951:559).

Holotype: USNM 51331. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

19 Nov 1892 by C. W. Richmond. Original number 158.

Type Locality: Escondido River, 50 mi (80 km) above Bluefields, 

[Atlantico Sur], Nicaragua.

Nasua narica tamaulipensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 55: 80, 25 Jun 1942.

= Nasua narica molaris Merriam, 1902. See Hall and Kelson 

(1959:892).

Holotype: USNM 116754. Skin and skull. Young male. Collected 

28 Mar 1902 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 15038, not 14974 as given in original description.

Type Locality: Cerro de la Silla, altitude 2,600 ft (792 m), near 

Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Nasua nelsoni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 100, 19 Jul 1901b.

= Nasua narica nelsoni Merriam, 1901. See Decker (1991:380).

Holotype: USNM 108520. [Skin, skull, and baculum]. Old male. 

Collected 8 Apr 1901 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 14673.

Type Locality: Cozumel Island (Isla Cozumel), Yucatan (Quintana Roo), [Mexico].

Genus Potos Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 

and G. Cuvier, 1795

Potos flavus arborensis Goodwin

Am. Mus. Novit. 987: 1, 13 May 1938.

= Potos flavus chiriquensis J. A. Allen, 1904. See Kortlucke (1973:28).

Holotype: USNM 250320. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 4 Jun 1931 by C. F. Underwood. Original number 

[SL: 513. X-Catalog number 26850-X].

Type Locality: El Sauce Peralta, a farm on the Atlantic Railroad 

less than halfway from San Jose to Limon, altitude about 

1,000 ft (305 m), [Cartago], Costa Rica.

Potos flavus campechensis Nelson and Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 482, 19 Nov 1931c.

= Potos flavus chiriquensis J. A. Allen, 1904. See Kortlucke 

(1973:28).

Holotype: USNM 181266. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 12 Feb 1913 by P. W. Shufeldt. [SL: Original number 

62]. X-Catalog number 10234-X.

Type Locality: La Tuxpena, Champoton, Campeche, Mexico.

Potos flavus guerrerensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 133, 29 Jun 1915.

= Potos flavus nocturnus Wied-Neuwied, 1826. See Wozencraft 

(2005:627).

Holotype: USNM 74683. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

15 Feb 1895 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 7464.

Type Locality: Near Ometepec, [FC: altitude 200 ft (61 m)], 

Guerrero, Mexico.

Potos flavus isthmicus Goldman

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(22): 14, 28 Feb 1913.

= Potos flavus megalotis (Marten, 1836). See Cabrera (1958:251).

Holotype: USNM 179042. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 21 Apr 1912 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

21631.

Type Locality: Near head of Rio Limon, altitude 5,200 ft (1,585 

m), Mount Pirri (Cerro Pirre), [Darien], eastern Panama.

Genus Procyon Storr, 1780

Euprocyon cancrivorus panamensis Goldman

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(22): 15, 28 Feb 1913.

= Procyon cancrivorus panamensis (Goldman, 1913). See Goldman (1920:152).

Holotype: USNM 171669. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 21 Jun 1911 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

[FC: Nelson and Goldman] 21174.

Type Locality: Gatun, Canal Zone (Colon), Panama.

Procyon hernandezii Wagler

Isis 24: 514, 1831.
4 0 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

= Procyon lotor hernandezii Wagler, 1831. See J. A. Allen 

(1890:176).

Neotype as designated by Helgen and Wilson (2005:226): USNM 

51151. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 14 Dec 1892 

by E. W. Nelson. Original number 4034.

Type Locality: Tlalpan, [FC: altitude 7,600 ft (2,317 m)], Distrito Federal, Mexico.

Procyon hernandezii var. mexicana Baird

Mammals Rep. Explor. Surv. 8(1): 215, 1857.

= Procyon lotor hernandezii Wagler, 1831. See Helgen and Wilson (2005:223).

Holotype: USNM 1051/2018. Skin [which cannot be found and 

skull]. Age and sex not given. Collected [Baird (1859:24): 

Apr 1855] by Dr. [C. B. R.] Kennerly. No original number.

Type Locality: Espia, Sonora, [Mexico].

Remarks: The original description was based on a skin that was 

not designated by number. The numbers for both skin and 

its corresponding skull were given in Baird (1859:24). The 

skin still cannot be found.

Procyon insularis vicinus Nelson and Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 44: 20, 21 Feb 1931d.

= Procyon lotor insularis Merriam, 1898. See Helgen and Wilson 

(2005:228).

Holotype: USNM 88982. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

27 May 1897 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. Original number 11064.

Type Locality: Maria Magdalena Island (Isla Maria Magdalena), 

altitude 250 ft (76 m), Tres Marias Islands, off coast of the 

state of Nayarit, western Mexico.

Procyon lotor auspicatus Nelson

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 82(8): 9, 10 Jul 1930.

Holotype: USNM 255080. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

28 Mar 1930 by E. W. Nelson. Original number [SL: 65].

Type Locality: Marathon, Key Vaca, [Monroe County], Florida.

Procyon lotor californicus Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 66, 20 Mar 1914.

= Procyon lotor psora Gray, 1842. See Goldman (1950:56).

Holotype: USNM 60675. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 16 Jul 1894 by F. X. Holzner. Original number 1605.

Type Locality: On the ocean beach near last Mexican Boundary 

monument, No. 258, San Diego County, in the southwestern corner of California.

Procyon lotor crassidens Hollister

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 142, 10 Jul 1914b.

= Procyon lotor hernandezii Wagler, 1831. See Helgen and Wilson (2005:223).

Holotype: USNM 12191/14191. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected on unknown date by W. M. Gabb. Original number 14. [MC: Cataloged 19 Nov 1874].

Type Locality: Talamanca, [Limon], Costa Rica.

Procyon lotor excelsus Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 11: 458, 11 Nov 1930a.

Holotype: USNM 236214. Skin and skull. Old adult male. Collected 15 Apr 1920 by J. W. Fisk. [SL: Original number 797. 

22424-X].

Type Locality: Owyhee River, [Malheur County], Oregon, 10 mi 

(16 km) west of Fairylawn, Owyhee County, Idaho.

Procyon lotor fuscipes Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 63, 20 Mar 1914.

Holotype: USNM 63055. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

6 Feb 1893 by E. A. Mearns. Original number [FC: Mearns 

and Holzner] 2273.

Type Locality: Las Moras Creek at Fort Clark, altitude 308 m or 

1,011 ft, Kinney County, Texas.

Procyon lotor grinnelli Nelson and Goldman

J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 20: 82, 4 Mar 1930b.

Holotype: USNM 147181. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 15 Feb 1906 by [E. W.] Nelson and [E. A.] Goldman. 

Original number 19139.

Type Locality: La Paz, Lower California (Baja California Sur), 

Mexico.

Procyon lotor hirtus Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 11: 455, 11 Nov 1930a.

Holotype: USNM 187926. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 4 Mar 1886 by V. Bailey. Original number 161. Merriam collection number [SL: 2566/3176].

Type Locality: Elk River, Sherburne County, Minnesota.

Procyon lotor incautus Nelson

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 82(8): 10, 10 Jul 1930.

Holotype: USNM 255060. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

24 Mar 1930 by E. W. Nelson. Original number [MC: 53].

Type Locality: Torch Key, Big Pine Key Group, [Monroe County], 

Florida.

Procyon lotor inseperatus Nelson

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 82(8): 8, 10 Jul 1930.

Holotype: USNM 255037. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 19 Mar 1930 by E. W. Nelson. Original number [MC: 

31].

Type Locality: Upper Matecumbe Key, [Monroe County], Florida.

Procyon lotor insularis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 17, 27 Jan 1898a.

Holotype: USNM 88978. [Skin and skull]. Old male. Collected 

10 May 1897 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 10985.

Type Locality: Maria Madre Island (Isla Maria Madre), [FC: altitude 50 ft (15 m)], Tres Marias Islands, [Nayarit], Mexico.

Procyon lotor litoreus Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 11: 457, 11 Nov 1930a.
NUMBER 646 • 4 1

Holotype: USNM 2450. Skull only. Adult, probably male. Collected on unknown date by L. M. Wilson. No original 

number. [MC: Cataloged 8 Jul 1856], not 7 Aug 1856 as in 

original description.

Type Locality: Saint Simon (Simons) Island, Glyn County, Georgia.

Procyon lotor marinus Nelson

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 82(8): 7, 10 Jul 1930.

Holotype: USNM 254989. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

28 Feb 1930 by E. W. Nelson. Original number [SL: 1].

Type Locality: Near Chokoloskee, [MC: west Chokoloskee Bay], 

[Collier County], Florida.

Procyon lotor maritimus Dozier

J. Mammal. 29: 286, 31 Aug 1948.

Holotype: USNM 275290. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 3 Dec 1946 by H. L. Dozier. Original number D-98. 

[SL: 32605-X].

Type Locality: Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Dorchester 

County, Maryland.

Remarks: Wozencraft (2005:627) placed maritimus as a synonym of marinus in what must have been a lapsus. Paradiso (1969:143) and Lotze and Anderson (1979:1) placed 

it in P. l. lotor. We follow the more recent work by Hall 

(1981:970), who recognized maritimus as a valid subspecies 

of P. lotor.

Procyon lotor ochraceus Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 64, 20 Mar 1914.

= Procyon lotor pallidus Merriam, 1900. See Goldman (1950:54).

Holotype: USNM 59900. Skin and skull. Subadult male. Collected 7 Feb 1894 by E. A. Mearns. Original number [FC: 

Mearns and Holzner] 2937.

Type Locality: Sonoyta River, near Quitobaquita (Quitovaquita) 

at monument No. 172, 678 km (421 mi) west of the Rio 

Grande and 181 km (113 mi) east of the Colorado River, 

altitude 360 m (1,181 ft), Sonora, Mexico.

Procyon lotor shufeldti Nelson and Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 44: 17, 21 Feb 1931d.

= Procyon lotor hernandezii Wagler, 1831. See Helgen and Wilson (2005:223).

Holotype: USNM 177546. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 20 Apr 1911 by P. W. Shufeldt. Original number [XC: 

39]. X-Catalog number 8575-X.

Type Locality: La Tuxpena, Champoton, southeastern Campeche, 

Mexico.

Procyon lotor solutus Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 12: 308, 24 Aug 1931e.

= Procyon lotor gloveralleni Nelson and Goldman, 1930. See 

Wozencraft (2005:627).

Holotype: USNM 256027. Skin, skull, [and skeleton]. Adult 

male. Collected 10 Dec 1930 by W. L. Brown. No original 

number.

Type Locality: Hilton Head Island, Beaufort County, South 

Carolina.

Procyon lotor vancouverensis Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 11: 458, 11 Nov 1930a.

Holotype: USNM 135457. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 

Nov 1904 by C. Sheldon. No original number. X-Catalog 

number 5117-X.

Type Locality: Quatsino Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, [Canada].

Procyon lotor varius Nelson and Goldman

J. Mammal. 11: 456, 11 Nov 1930a.

= Procyon lotor maynardi Bangs, 1898. See Wozencraft 

(2005:628).

Holotype: USNM 158246. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 10 Oct 1908 by A. H. Howell. Original number 1359.

Type Locality: Castleberry, Conecuh County, Alabama.

Procyon minor Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 4, 28 Jan 1911a.

= Procyon lotor maynardi Bangs, 1898. See Wozencraft (2005:628).

Holotype: USNM 15481/38417. Skin and skull. Young male. 

Collected on unknown date by L. Guesde. Original number [SL: 5]. [MC: Skin cataloged 26 Jun 1886; skull 7 Jan 

1911]. Received from the l’Herminier museum.

Type Locality: Pointe-a-Pitre, [Grande-Terre], Guadeloupe, 

Lesser Antilles.

Procyon pallidus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 151, 13 Jun 1900c.

= Procyon lotor pallidus Merriam, 1900. See Grinnell (1923:316).

Holotype: USNM 99272. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 16 Oct 1899 by F. Stephens. Original number [SL: 

3022. 2246-X].

Type Locality: New River, Colorado Desert, [Imperial County], 

California.

Procyon psora pacifica Merriam

N. Am. Fauna 16: 107, 28 Oct 1899.

= Procyon lotor pacificus Merriam, 1899. See Grinnell (1923:316).

Holotype: USNM 93137. [Skin and skull]. Adult, sex not given. 

Collected 15 Jan 1898 by C. Hansen. No original number. 

[SL: 1409-X].

Type Locality: Keechelus Lake, [Hall and Kelson (1959:888): 

3,000 ft (914 m)], Cascade Mountains, [Kittitas County], 

Washington.

Procyon pumilus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 3, 28 Jan 1911a.

= Procyon lotor pumilus Miller, 1911. See Goldman (1920:151).

Holotype: USNM 171983. Skin and skull. Young adult, [sex 

unknown]. Collected in [SL: 1910] by A. H. Jennings. No 

original number.

Type Locality: Ancon, [MC: Canal Zone], [Panama], Panama.
4 2 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Procyon pygmaeus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 101, 19 Jul 1901b.

Holotype: USNM 108511. [Skin, skull, and baculum]. Young 

adult male. Collected 14 Apr 1901 by E. W. Nelson and 

E. A. Goldman. Original number 14698.

Type Locality: Cozumel Island, Yucatan (Quintana Roo), [Mexico].

Order Perissodactyla Owen, 1848

Family Equidae Gray, 1821

Genus Equus Linnaeus, 1758

Equus quagga cuninghamei Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(22): 3, 26 Jan 1914a.

= Equus quagga boehmi Matschie, 1892. See Groves and Bell 

(2004:195) for first use of current name combination and 

Klingel (2013a:430) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 182157. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 23 Sep 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2466.

Type Locality: Archer’s Post, northern Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso 

Ngiro) River, [Eastern Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Family Tapiridae Gray, 1821

Genus Tapirella Palmer, 1903

Elasmognathus bairdii Gill

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 17: 183, presented at the meeting of 

10 Oct 1865a; receipt acknowledged 26 Dec 1865 by the 

Albany Institute.

= Tapirella bairdii (Gill, 1865). See Elliot (1904b:87) for first 

use of current name combination and Groves and Grubb 

(2011:19) for current use.

Lectotype as designated by Lyon and Osgood (1909:25): USNM 

6019. Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood (1909:25): Adult], sex 

not given. Collected on unknown date by W. S. White. No 

original number. [MC: Cataloged 9 Apr 1863].

Type Locality: Isthmus of Panama.

Remarks: Hershkovitz (1954:490) restricted the type locality to 

the Canal Zone, Panama, and incorrectly cited Poole and 

Schantz (1942:233) for the lectotype designation when, in 

fact, Poole and Schantz (1942) had simply restated Lyon 

and Osgood (1909).

Elasmognathus dowii Gill

Am. J. Sci. Arts (ser. 2) 50:142, 1870.

= Tapirella bairdii (Gill, 1865). See Goodwin (1946:91) for first 

use of current name combination and Groves and Grubb 

(2011:19) for current use.

Lectotype as designated by Lyon and Osgood (1909:26): USNM 

11278. Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood (1909:26): Nearly] 

adult, sex not given. Collected on unknown date by J. M. 

Dow. Original number [MC: 1. Cataloged 19 Jul 1870].

Type Locality: Guatemala.

Remarks: Hershkovitz (1954:490) restricted the type locality to 

the Pacific Slope of Guatemala and incorrectly cited Poole 

and Schantz (1942:233) for the lectotype designation when, 

in fact, Poole and Schantz (1942) had simply restated Lyon 

and Osgood (1909).

Genus Tapirus Brisson, 1762

Tapirus terrestris colombianus Hershkovitz

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 103:486, 18 May 1954.

Holotype: USNM 281389. Skin, skull, [and part of hyoid]. 

Young adult male. Collected 15 Jul 1942 by P. Hershkovitz. 

Original number 438.

Type Locality: El Salado, altitude 430 m, eastern slope of Sierra 

Nevada de Santa Marta, on road between Valencia and 

Pueblo Bello, [SL: Valledupar], Department of Magdalena 

(Cesar), Colombia.

Order Artiodactyla Owen, 1848

Family Suidae Gray, 1821

Genus Phacochoerus F. Cuvier, 1826

Phacochoerus africanus bufo Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(22): 2, 26 Jan 1914a.

= Phacochoerus africanus massaicus Lonnberg, 1908. See Grubb 

(1993:71).

Holotype: USNM 164796. Skull only. Immature female. Collected 25 Jan 1910 by E. Heller. Original number 617.

Type Locality: Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave, [Arua], Egyptian 

Sudan (Uganda).

Genus Sus Linnaeus, 1758

Sus babi Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 30: 752, 13 Jun 1906c.

= Sus scrofa possibly vittatus Boie, 1828. See Grubb (2005:642).

Holotype: USNM 114283. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Adult male. 

Collected 14 Jan 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1413.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Babi, an island about halfway between Simalur (Pulau Simeulue) and Pulo (Pulau) Bangkuru, [FC: 17 mi (27 km) southeast of Simalur Island (Pulau 

Simeulue)], the outermost of the Banjak group (Kepulauan 

Banyak), [Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Sus babi enganus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 52: 454, 30 Dec 1916.

= Sus scrofa possibly vittatus Boie, 1828. See Grubb (2005:642).

Holotype: USNM 140959. Skull only. Very old female. Collected 

30 Nov 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3814.

Type Locality: Engano Island (Pulau Enggano), [Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia].
NUMBER 646 • 4 3

Sus babi tuancus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 52: 453, 30 Dec 1916.

= Sus scrofa possibly vittatus Boie, 1828. See Grubb (2005:642).

Holotype: USNM 114415. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Adult 

female. Collected 30 Jan 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original 

number 1493, not 1412 as given in original description.

Type Locality: Tuanku Island (Pulau Tuangku), [FC: Banjak Islands (Kepulauan Banyak)], [Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Sus jubatulus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 30: 746, 13 Jun 1906c.

= Sus scrofa vittatus Boie, 1828. See Groves (1981:40).

Holotype: USNM 123918. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Adult 

male. Collected 11 Nov 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original 

number 2859.

Type Locality: Pulo Terutau or Trotto (Ko Tarutao), off west 

coast of Malay Peninsula, [Satun, Thailand].

Sus jubatus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 30: 745, 13 Jun 1906c.

= Sus scrofa cristatus Wagner, 1839. See Groves (1981:38).

Holotype: USNM 83518. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Adult 

male. Collected in 1896 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 

[metal tag on skull: B].

Type Locality: [FC: Lay Song Hong], Trong (Trang), Lower Siam 

(Thailand).

Sus mimus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 30: 753, 13 Jun 1906c.

= Sus celebensis celebensis Muller and Schlegel, 1843. See Grubb 

(2005:641).

Holotype: USNM 114178. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Adult 

male. Collected 25 Nov 1901 by W. L. Abbott. Original 

number 1353.

Type Locality: Simalur Island (Pulau Simeulue), sometimes known 

as Pulo (Pulau) Babi, [Aceh], west Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Sus natunensis Miller

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 117, 26 Mar 1901a.

= Sus scrofa possibly vittatus Boie, 1828. See Grubb (2005:642).

Holotype: USNM 104856. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Adult 

female. Collected 9 Aug 1900 by [MC: W. L. Abbott]. Original number 609.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Laut, North Natuna Islands (Kepulauan Natuna Besar), South China Sea, between Malay Peninsula and Borneo, [Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia].

Sus niadensis Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 30: 751, 13 Jun 1906c.

= Sus celebensis celebensis Muller and Schlegel, 1843. See Grubb 

(2005:641).

Holotype: USNM 141167. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 30 Mar 1905 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 

4155.

Type Locality: [SL: Lafau], Nias Island (Pulau Nias), [Sumatera 

Utara, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Sus nicobaricus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 24: 755, 9 May 1902b.

= Sus scrofa possibly vittatus Boie, 1828. See Grubb (2005:642).

Holotype: USNM 111794. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Young 

adult male. Collected 13 Mar 1901 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 930.

Type Locality: [SL: Ganges Harbor], Great Nicobar Island, 

Nicobars, Malay Archipelago [Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India].

Sus oi Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 51, 5 Mar 1902c.

= Sus barbatus oi Miller, 1902. See Groves (1981:50).

Holotype: USNM 113150. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Adult male. 

Collected 20 Sep 1901 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1319.

Type Locality: Banks of the Indragiri River (Sungai Indragiri), 

about 30 mi (48 km) above the mouth, [Riau], eastern Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Sus peninsularis Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 30: 749, 13 Jun 1906c.

= Sus scrofa vittatus Boie, 1828. See Groves (1981:40).

Holotype: USNM 142470. Skull only. Adult female. Collected 

in [MC and Accession Record 45499: 1905] by C. B. Kloss. 

No original number.

Type Locality: Near foot of Gunong (Gunung) Pulai, southwestern Johore (Johor), [Malaysia].

Sus rhionis Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 30: 749, 13 Jun 1906c.

= Sus scrofa vittatus Boie, 1828. See Groves (1981:40).

Holotype: USNM 122928. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Young 

adult male. Collected 26 Jun 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2555.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Ungar, Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan 

Riau), [Kepulauan Riau], [SL: E Sumatra], [Indonesia].

Family Tayassuidae Palmer, 1897

Genus Dicotyles G. Cuvier, 1817

We follow Ramirez-Pulido et al. (2014) in using Dicotyles 

rather than Pecari for this genus.

Dicotyles angulatus sonoriensis Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 3, 11 Feb 1897c. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 469, 24 Dec. 1897d.

See Ramirez-Pulido et al. (2014:45) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 20657/35814. Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected 8 Sep 1892 by E. A. Mearns and F. X. Holzner. 

Original number 2099.
4 4 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Type Locality: [SL: San Bernardino Ranch], San Bernardino 

River, near monument No. 77, Mexican boundary line, Sonora, Mexico.

Pecari angulatus bangsi Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 30: 109, 23 May 1917.

= Dicotyles crassus bangsi (Goldman, 1917). First use of current 

name combination. Groves and Grubb (2011:49) placed 

P. angulatus bangsi in P. crassus. Grubb (2005:644) recognized bangsi as a valid subspecies of P. tajacu.

Holotype: USNM 179976. [Skin and skull]. Male, age not given. 

Collected 19 Jun 1912 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

21790.

Type Locality: Boca de Cupe, altitude 250 ft (76 m), [Darien], 

eastern Panama.

Pecari angulatus nelsoni Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 39: 48, 30 Jul 1926.

= Dicotyles crassus nelsoni (Goldman, 1926). See RamirezPulido et al. (2014:45).

Holotype: USNM 77865. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

24 Feb 1896 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 9381.

Type Locality: Huehuetan, altitude 500 ft (152 m), Chiapas, 

Mexico.

Pecari angulatus nigrescens Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 39: 49, 30 Jul 1926.

= Dicotyles crassus nigrescens (Goldman, 1926). First use of current name combination. Groves and Grubb (2011:50) placed 

P. angulatus nigrescens in P. crassus. Grubb (2005:644) recognized nigrescens as a valid subspecies of P. tajacu.

Holotype: USNM 148735. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 10 Mar 1901 by H. S. Reed. Original number [XC: 

21]. X-Catalogue number 6416[-X].

Type Locality: Chamelecon, [Cortes], Honduras.

Tayassu angulatus crassus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 124, 19 Jul 1901c.

= Dicotyles crassus crassus (Merriam, 1901). See Ramirez-Pulido 

et al. (2014:45).

Holotype: USNM 92960. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 1 Feb 1898 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 12127.

Type Locality: [FC: Near] Metlaltoyuca, [FC: altitude about 800 

ft (244 m)], Puebla, [SL: Mexico].

Tayassu angulatus humeralis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 122, 19 Jul 1901c.

= Dicotyles angulatus humeralis (Merriam, 1901). See RamirezPulido et al. (2014:45).

Holotype: USNM 33238/45243. Skin and skull. Adult male, not 

female as given in original description. Collected 26 Feb 

1892 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 

[FC: EWN] 1947.

Type Locality: Armeria, [FC: altitude sea level up to 200 ft (61 

m)], Colima, Mexico.

Tayassu angulatus yucatanensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 123, 19 Jul 1901c.

= Dicotyles crassus yucatanensis (Merriam, 1901). See RamirezPulido et al. (2014:45).

Holotype: USNM 108282. [Skin and skull]. Young adult male. 

Collected 12 Feb 1901 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 14534.

Type Locality: Tunkas, Yucatan, [SL: Mexico].

Tayassu nanus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 102, 19 Jul 1901b.

= Dicotyles crassus nanus (Merriam, 1901). See Ramirez-Pulido 

et al. (2014:45).

Holotype: USNM 108516. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 7 Apr 1901 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 14664.

Type Locality: Cozumel Island, Yucatan (Quintana Roo), [Mexico].

Genus Tayassu Fischer, 1814

Tayassu albirostris ringens Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 121, 19 Jul 1901c.

= Tayassu pecari ringens Merriam, 1901. See J. A. Allen 

(1902b:166).

Holotype: USNM 108279. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 1 Jan 1901 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 14383.

Type Locality: Apazote, near Yohaltun, Campeche, [SL: Mexico].

Tayassu albirostris spiradens Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 189, 24 Dec 1912c.

= Tayassu pecari spiradens Goldman, 1912. See Goldman 

(1920:74).

Holotype: USNM 12085/14095. Skin and skull. Adult, sex not 

given. Collected in 1874 by W. M. Gabb. Original number 

[MC: 24].

Type Locality: Talamanca, [Limon], Costa Rica.

Family Hippopotamidae Gray, 1821

Genus Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758

Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(22): 1, 26 Jan 1914a.

Holotype: USNM 162979. [Skin, skull, and skeleton]. Adult 

male. Collected 20 Jul 1909 by T. Roosevelt. Original number E. Heller 280.

Type Locality: [FC: Allenbourgh’s], Lake Naivasha, [Rift Valley], 

British East Africa (Kenya).

Hippopotamus constrictus Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 54(7): 1, 28 Mar 1910b.
NUMBER 646 • 4 5

= Hippopotamus amphibius constrictus Miller, 1910. See Klingel 

(2013b:7) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 34787. Skull only. Immature male. Collected 

on unknown date by H. Chatelain. No original number. 

[MC: Cataloged 13 Aug 1890].

Type Locality: Angola, Africa.

Family Tragulidae Milne-Edwards, 1864

Genus Tragulus Brisson, 1762

Tragulus amoenus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 26: 439, 3 Feb 1903b.

= Tragulus napu amoenus Miller, 1903. See Meijaard and Groves 

(2004:90).

Holotype: USNM 114563. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

8 Mar 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1632.

Type Locality: Pulo Mansalar (Pulau Musala), off Tapanuli Bay 

(Teluk Tapanuli), [Sumatera Utara], Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Tragulus bancanus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 576, 18 Dec 1906.

= Tragulus napu napu (F. Cuvier, 1822). See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:56) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 124714. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 31 May 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 

3283.

Type Locality: Tanjong Tedong, Island of Banka (Pulau 

Bangka), [Kepulauan Bangka Belitung], east of Sumatra, 

[Indonesia].

Tragulus batuanus Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 45: 2, 6 Nov 1903a.

= Tragulus napu batuanus Miller, 1903. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 121695, not 121697 as in original description. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 5 Feb 1903 by 

W. L. Abbott. Original number 2226.

Type Locality: Tana Bala (Pulau Tanahbala), Batu Islands (Kepulauan Batu), [Sumatera Utara], Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Tragulus billitonus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 578, 18 Dec 1906.

= Tragulus napu billitonus Lyon, 1906. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 124929. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

20 Jul 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3524.

Type Locality: Tanjong Batu, Billiton Island (Pulau Belitung), 

[Kepulauan Bangka Belitung], east of Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Tragulus borneanus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 174, 6 Aug 1902d.

= Tragulus napu napu (F. Cuvier, 1822). See Meijaard and 

Groves (2004:86).

Holotype: USNM 19205/34924. [Skin and] skull. Adult male. 

Collected [MC: 18 Jan 1888] by F. C. Adams. Original number [MC: K I 154].

Type Locality: [Lyon and Osgood (1909:17): Banks of] Suanlamba River (Sungai Suanlamba), British North Borneo 

(Sabah), [Borneo, Malaysia].

Remarks: The description of this taxon was based solely on the 

skull. According to Lyon and Osgood (1909:17), the skin 

could not be found as it was mounted and in storage; it 

was made into a study skin in Apr 1907 and is now in the 

collection.

Tragulus brevipes Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 26: 443, 3 Feb 1903b.

= Tragulus kanchil brevipes Miller, 1903. See Trouessart 

(1904:689).

Holotype: USNM 114326. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 20 Jan 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1443.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Bangkaru, Banjak Islands (Kepulauan Banyak), [Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus bunguranensis Miller

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 113, 26 Mar 1901a.

= Tragulus napu bunguranensis Miller, 1901. See Meijaard and 

Groves (2004:87).

Holotype: USNM 104604. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

9 Jul 1900 by [MC: W. L. Abbott]. Original number 547.

Type Locality: Bunguran Island (Pulau Natuna Besar), North 

Natunas (Kepulauan Natuna Besar), [Kepulauan Riau, 

Indonesia].

Tragulus canescens Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 185, 21 Dec 1900a.

= Tragulus napu napu (F. Cuvier, 1822). See Ellerman and 

Morrison-Scott (1951:351).

Holotype: USNM 83509. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 

7 Sep 1896 by W. L. Abbott. No original number.

Type Locality: [MC: Lay Song Hong], [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:18): Tyching], Trong (Trang), Siam (Thailand).

Tragulus carimatae Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 55, 23 Jul 1906d.

= Tragulus kanchil carimatae Miller, 1906. See Lydekker 

(1915:284).

Holotype: USNM 125062. Skin and skull. Young adult female. 

Collected 25 Aug 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 

3651.

Type Locality: Telok Pai, Karimata Island (Pulau Karimata), [Kalimantan Barat, Borneo (Kalimantan), Indonesia].

Tragulus flavicollis Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 33, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus napu flavicollis Miller, 1903. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 115505. Skin and skull. Immature female. 

Collected 24 Aug 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 

1957.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Sugi, Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan 

Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].
4 6 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Tragulus focalinus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 35, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus javanicus (Osbeck, 1765). See Meijaard and Groves 

(2004:92).

Holotype: USNM 120574. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected in Oct or Nov 1902, collector unknown. Received 

from B. S. Rairden, U.S. Consul at Batavia.

Type Locality: Near Buitenzorg (Bogor), [Jawa Barat], Java, 

[Indonesia].

Tragulus formosus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 34, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus napu rufulus Miller, 1900. See Meijaard and Groves 

(2004:88).

Holotype: USNM 115511. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

19 Aug 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1907.

Type Locality: [FC: Telok (Teluk) Pemudang], Pulo Bintang 

(Pulau Bintan), Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus fulvicollis Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34: 630, 14 Sep 1908.

= Tragulus kanchil fulvicollis Lyon, 1908. See Lydekker 

(1915:284).

Holotype: USNM 143519. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 27 Mar 1906 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 4765.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Bengkalis, [Riau], off east coast of 

Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Tragulus jugularis Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 26: 440, 3 Feb 1903b.

= Tragulus napu amoenus Miller, 1903. See Meijaard and Groves 

(2004:90).

Holotype: USNM 114574. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

8 Mar 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1627.

Type Locality: Pulo Mansalar (Pulau Musala), off Tapanuli Bay 

(Teluk Tapanuli), [Sumatera Utara], [SL: west coast of] Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Tragulus kanchil longipes Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34: 628, 14 Sep 1908.

Holotype: USNM 144141. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

3 Nov 1906 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 4853.

Type Locality: Little Siak River (Sungai Siak Kecil), [Riau], eastern Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Tragulus lampensis Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 42, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus kanchil lampensis Miller, 1903. See Trouessart (1904: 

690).

Holotype: USNM 104429. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 4 Feb 1900 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 299.

Type Locality: Pulo Lampee or Sullivans (Lampi) Island, Mergui 

Archipelago, [Tanintharyi, Burma].

Tragulus lancavensis Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 41, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus kanchil ravus Miller, 1902. See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:58) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 104412. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 7 Dec 1899 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 132.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Langkawi, off west coast of Malay 

Peninsula, about 75 mi (121 km) north of Penang (George 

Town), [Kedah, Malaysia].

Tragulus luteicollis Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 579, 18 Dec 1906.

= Tragulus kanchil luteicollis Lyon, 1906. See Lydekker (1915:282).

Holotype: USNM 124733. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

12 Jun 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3311.

Type Locality: Tanjong Bedaan, island of Banka (Pulau Bangka), 

[Kepulauan Bangka Belitung], east of Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Tragulus lutescens Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 32, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus napu lutescens Miller, 1903. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 115507. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

2 Sep 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2011.

Type Locality: Pulo Sugi Bawa (Pulau Sugibawah), Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, 

Indonesia].

Tragulus napu niasis Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 52: 455, 30 Dec 1916.

Holotype: USNM 141171. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

4 Mar 1905 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3979.

Type Locality: Kwala Mojeia, Nias Island (Pulau Nias), [Sumatera Utara, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus natunae Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 38, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus kanchil everetti Bonhote, 1903. See Lydekker 

(1915:291).

Holotype: USNM 104614. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 9 Jul 1900 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 555.

Type Locality: Bunguran Island (Pulau Natuna Besar), North 

Natunas (Kepulauan Natuna Besar), [Kepulauan Riau, 

Indonesia].

Tragulus nigricollis Miller

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 54: 145, 11 Jun 1902a.

= Tragulus napu nigricollis Miller, 1902. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 113121. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

6 Sep 1901 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1292.

Type Locality: [FC: Sakana Bay], Sinkep Island (Pulau Singkep), 

South China Sea, [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus nigrocinctus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 250, 11 Sep 1906a.
NUMBER 646 • 4 7

= Tragulus napu nigrocinctus Miller, 1906. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 122863. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

21 Jun 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2531.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Kundur, Rhio-Linga Archipelago 

(Kepulauan Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus pallidus Miller

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 116, 26 Mar 1901a.

= Tragulus kanchil pallidus Miller, 1901. See Bonhote (1903:296).

Holotype: USNM 104616. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 11 Aug 1900 by [SL: W. L. Abbott]. Original number 

625.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Laut, North Natuna Islands (Kepulauan Natuna Besar), [Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia].

Tragulus perflavus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 251, 11 Sep 1906a.

= Tragulus napu rufulus Miller, 1900. See Meijaard and Groves 

(2004:87).

Holotype: USNM 142125. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 21 Sep 1905 by C. B. Kloss. Original number 28.

Type Locality: Semimba Bay (Teluk Senimba), Batam Island 

(Pulau Batam), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus pinius Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 52: 455, 30 Dec 1916.

= Tragulus kanchil pinius Lyon, 1916. See Chasen (1940:200).

Holotype: USNM 121837. Skin and skull. Subadult male. Collected 3 Mar 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2362.

Type Locality: Pulo Pinie (Pulau Pini), [SL: Batu Islands (Kepulauan Batu)], [Sumatera Utara, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus pretiellus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 253, 11 Sep 1906a.

= Tragulus napu pretiellus Miller, 1906. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 122994. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

18 Jul 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2643.

Type Locality: Pulo Bakong (Pulau Bakung Besar), Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan Lingga), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, 

Indonesia].

Tragulus pretiellus parallelus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 165, 16 Jun 1911b.

= Tragulus napu parallelus Miller, 1911. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 123051. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

30 Jul 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2694.

Type Locality: Pulo Sebang (Pulau Sebangka), Rhio-Linga Archipelago (Kepulauan Lingga), [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, 

Indonesia].

Tragulus pretiosus Miller

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 54: 144, 11 Jun 1902a.

= Tragulus napu rufulus Miller, 1900. See Meijaard and Groves 

(2004:88).

Holotype: USNM 113031. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

27 Aug 1901 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1238.

Type Locality: [FC: Mentuda Bay, west coast of] Linga Island 

(Pulau Lingga), South China Sea, [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus ravulus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 41, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus kanchil ravulus Miller, 1903. See Trouessart (1904:689).

Holotype: USNM 104717. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 16 Dec 1899 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 161.

Type Locality: Pulo (Ko) Adang, Butang Islands (Batong Group), 

[Satun, Thailand].

Tragulus ravus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 173, 6 Aug 1902d.

= Tragulus kanchil ravus Miller, 1902. See Chasen (1940:198).

Holotype: USNM 83506. Skin and skull. Immature female. Collected 6 Sep 1896 by W. L. Abbott. No original number.

Type Locality: [MC: Lay Song Hong], [Poole and Schantz 

(1942:36): Tyching], Trong (Trang), Lower Siam (Thailand).

Tragulus rubeus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 40, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus kanchil rubeus Miller, 1903. See Trouessart 

(1904:690).

Holotype: USNM 115522. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 20 Aug 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1914.

Type Locality: [FC: Teluk Pemudong], Pulo Bintang (Pulau Bintan), Rhio Archipelago (Kepulauan Riau), [Kepulauan Riau, 

Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus rufulus Miller

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 227, 20 Aug 1900b.

= Tragulus napu rufulus Miller, 1900. See Meijaard and Groves 

(2004:87).

Holotype: USNM 101767. Skin and skull. Young adult male. 

Collected 30 Sep 1899 by [MC: W. L. Abbott]. No original 

number.

Type Locality: Tioman Island (Pulau Tioman), [Pahang, Malaysia].

Tragulus russeus Miller

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 26: 444, 3 Feb 1903b.

= Tragulus kanchil russeus Miller, 1903. See Trouessart 

(1904:689).

Holotype: USNM 114337. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

5, not 15 as in original description, Feb 1902 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1518.

Type Locality: Pulo (Pulau) Tuangku, [FC: at north end near 

Buket Teresea], Banjak Islands (Kepulauan Banyak), [Aceh, 

Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus russulus Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 45: 3, 6 Nov 1903a.
4 8 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

= Tragulus kanchil russulus Miller, 1903. See Trouessart (1904: 

689).

Holotype: USNM 121701. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

8 Feb 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2249.

Type Locality: Tana Bala (Pulau Tanahbala), Batu Islands (Kepulauan Batu), [Sumatera Utara], Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Tragulus russulus masae Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 52: 456, 30 Dec 1916.

= Tragulus kanchil masae Lyon, 1916. See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 121813. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 18 Feb 1903 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 2306.

Type Locality: Tana Masa Island (Pulau Tanahmasa), [SL: Batu 

Islands (Kepulauan Batu)], [Sumatera Utara, Sumatra, 

Indonesia].

Tragulus sebucus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 40: 64, 25 Apr 1911.

= Tragulus napu sebucus Lyon, 1911. See Medway (1963:159).

Holotype: USNM 151810. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

4 Jan 1908 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 5736.

Type Locality: Pulo Subuku (Pulau Sebuku), [Kalimantan Selatan], off southeastern Borneo (Kalimantan), [Indonesia].

Tragulus subrufus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 39, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus kanchil subrufus Miller, 1903. See Trouessart (1904: 

690).

Holotype: USNM 113119. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 5 Sep 1901 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 1285.

Type Locality: [FC: Sakana Bay], Sinkep Island (Pulau Singkep), 

South China Sea, [Kepulauan Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia].

Tragulus umbrinus Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 191, 21 Dec 1900c.

= Tragulus napu napu (F. Cuvier, 1822). See Grubb (2005:650).

Holotype: USNM 104414. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

7 Dec 1899 by [MC: W. L. Abbott]. Original number 134.

Type Locality: Pulo Lankawi (Pulau Langkawi), [Kedah, Malaysia].

Tragulus virgicollis Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 16: 37, 19 Mar 1903c.

= Tragulus kanchil hosei Bonhote, 1903. See Lydekker (1915:290).

Holotype: USNM 83941. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

in Jun 1895 by E. and C. Hose. No original number.

Type Locality: Mount (Bukit) Dulit, altitude 3,000 ft (914 m), 

Sarawak, Borneo, [Malaysia].

Family Moschidae Gray, 1821

Genus Moschus Linnaeus, 1758

Moschus chrysogaster cupreus Grubb

Saugetierkdl. Mitt. 30: 133, 1982.

= Moschus cupreus Grubb, 1982. See Groves et al. (1995:192).

Holotype: USNM 63472. Skin, skull, [and partial skeleton]. 

[MC: Male], age not given. Collected [MC: 2 Nov 1895] by 

Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number [SL: 63].

Type Locality: [MC: Bandipoor (Banidpura), altitude 8,000 ft 

(2,438 m)], Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir), [India].

Remarks: The skull was on exhibition when this taxon was described. It is now in the type collection.

Moschus parvipes Hollister

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 1, 28 Jan 1911c.

= Moschus moschiferus parvipes Hollister, 1911. See Lydekker 

(1915:8).

Holotype: USNM 143184. Skin only. Age and sex not given. 

Collected in winter of 1902–1903 by W. L. Smith. No original number.

Type Locality: Mountains near [SL: below] Mok-po (Mokp’o), 

South Tscholla Province (Jeonnam), Korea.

Family Cervidae Goldfuss, 1820

Genus Alces Gray, 1821

Alces americanus shirasi Nelson

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 72, 25 Apr 1914.

= Alces alces shirasi Nelson, 1914. See Peterson (1952:23) for first 

use of current name combination and Mattioli (2011:431) 

for current use.

Holotype: USNM 202973. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 11 Dec 1913 by J. Shive. No original number. [SL: 

10658-X].

Type Locality: Snake River [SL: Bottoms], 4 mi (6 km) south of 

Yellowstone Park, Lincoln (now Teton) County, Wyoming.

Alces gigas Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 57, 29 May 1899b.

= Alces alces gigas Miller, 1899. See Lydekker (1915:237) for first 

use of current name combination and Mattioli (2011:431) 

for current use.

Holotype: USNM 86166. Skin, skull, [and limb bones]. Adult male. 

Collected Sep 1898 by D. De Weese. Original number 16.

Type Locality: North side Tustumena Lake, Kenai Peninsula, 

Alaska.

Genus Capreolus Gray, 1821

Capreolus melanotis Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 231, 28 Nov 1911c.

= Capreolus pygargus (Pallas, 1771). See Sokolov et al. 

(1985:93). Lorenzini et al. (2014:217) determined that subspecies should not be recognized for this taxon.

Holotype: USNM 155220. [Skin, skull, and leg bones]. Immature female. Collected 14 Aug 1909 by A. de C. Sowerby. 

Original number 247.
NUMBER 646 • 4 9

Type Locality: 30 mi (48 km) east of Ching-yang-fu (Qingyang), 

[SL: 4,500 ft (1,373 m)], Kansu (Gansu), China.

Genus Cervus Linnaeus, 1758

Controversy over the specific name for the North American elk continues to go back and forth between C. elaphus and 

C. canadensis; recognition of subspecies is also fluid. Groves and 

Grubb (2011) used C. canadensis without subspecies, Mattioli 

(2011) used C. elaphus canadensis for all North American elk, 

Kuznetsova et al. (2012) used C. elaphus for all elk, and Bradley 

et al. (2014) used C. canadensis for all North American elk. We 

follow Grubb (2005) in the use of C. elaphus and recognize his 

two subspecies.

Cervus canadensis nelsoni Bailey

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 188, 15 Nov 1935.

= Cervus elaphus canadensis Erxleben, 1777. See Grubb (2005: 

663).

Holotype: USNM 124656/49722. Skin, skull, and skeleton. 

Adult male, 81⁄2 years old. Collected on unknown date by 

[MC: J. Pitcher]. No original number. Zoo No. 671-1/4.

Type Locality: Yellowstone National Park, [SL: Wyoming].

Remarks: The National Zoological Park (NZP) accession card 

indicates that this specimen was born in the spring of 1896 

and received by the NZP on 25 Nov 1899 and died there on 

21 Sep 1904.

Cervus merriami Nelson

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 16: 7, 16 Jan 1902.

= Cervus elaphus canadensis Erxleben, 1777. See Grubb (2005:663).

Holotype: USNM 111639. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected in Aug 1886 by E. W. Nelson. No original number.

Type Locality: Head of Black River, [Miller (1924:484): altitude 

about 9,000 ft (2,743 m), Apache County], White Mountains, Arizona.

Remarks: The skull of this specimen was missing at the time of 

description. Nelson used the skull of a topotype, American 

Museum of Natural History 16211, for his cranial characters. See either Lyon and Osgood (1909:15) or Poole and 

Schantz (1942:17) for additional information on the history 

of this specimen.

Cervus nannodes Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 24, 2 Feb 1905.

= Cervus elaphus nannodes Merriam, 1905. See Barclay (1935:798).

Holotype: USNM 135042. [Skin and skull]. Two-year-old male. 

Collected 12 Nov 1904 by C. H. Merriam and E. W. Nelson. Original number [SL: Nelson and Goldman 16832].

Type Locality: Buttonwillow, Kern County, California.

Cervus roosevelti Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 272, 17 Dec 1897e.

= Cervus elaphus canadensis Erxleben, 1777. See Grubb (2005:663).

Holotype: USNM 91597. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

4 Oct 1897 by H. and C. Emmet. No original number.

Type Locality: Mount Elaine, on ridge between heads of Hoh, 

Elwah, and Soleduc Rivers, near Mount Olympus, Olympic 

Mountains, [Clallam County], Washington.

Rusa nigellus Hollister

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 46: 332, 31 Dec 1913c.

= Cervus nigellus (Hollister, 1913). See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:106) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 144711. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

30 May 1905 by E. A. Mearns. Original number 6193.

Type Locality: Mount Malindang, altitude 8,000 ft (2,438 m), 

[Misamis Occidental], Mindanao, [Philippines].

Genus Mazama Rafinesque, 1817

Mazama americana carrikeri Hershkovitz

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 72: 93, 24 Jul 1959.

Holotype: USNM 282137. Skin and skull. Subadult female. Collected 26 Feb 1946 by M. A. Carriker. Original number [SL: 

7932].

Type Locality: Mamancanaca, altitude between 3,600 and 

3,900 m, a high valley just south of the snow peaks of the 

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Department of Magdalena, 

northern Colombia.

Mazama pandora Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 105, 19 Jul 1901d.

Holotype: USNM 108273. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 15 Feb 1901 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 14544.

Type Locality: Tunkas, Yucatan, [Mexico].

Mazama permira Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 59: 57, 11 Mar 1946.

= Mazama gouazoubira permira Kellogg, 1946. See Medellin et 

al. (1998:1).

Holotype: USNM 277144. Skin, skull, [and leg bones]. Adult 

male. Collected 24 Sep 1944 by C. F. Jones, W. N. Collins, 

and R. Carder. Original number 50.

Type Locality: Isla San Jose, Archipielago de las Perlas, Golfo de 

Panama, [Panama], Panama.

Mazama tema cerasina Hollister

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 209, 31 Oct 1914c.

= Mazama temama cerasina Hollister, 1914. See Grubb (2005:657).

Holotype: USNM 12206/14206. Skin and skull. Young male. 

Collected in 1874 by W. M. Gabb. Original number 54.

Type Locality: Talamanca, [Miller and Kellogg (1955:809): Sipurio, Rio Sixaola, near Caribbean coast, Limon], Costa Rica.

Mazama tema reperticia Goldman

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(22): 2, 28 Feb 1913.
5 0 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

= Mazama temama reperticia Goldman, 1913. See Grubb (2005: 

657).

Holotype: USNM 171673. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 21 Jun 1911 by E. A. Goldman. Original number 

[FC: Nelson and Goldman] 21178.

Type Locality: Gatun, Canal Zone (Colon), Panama.

Genus Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815

Muntiacus bancanus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 31: 582, 18 Dec 1906.

= Muntiacus muntjak muntjak (Zimmermann, 1780). See Groves 

and Grubb (1990:153).

Holotype: USNM 124726. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 7 Jun 1904 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 3296.

Type Locality: Tanjong Bedaan, Island of Banka (Pulau Bangka), 

[Kepulauan Bangka Belitung], east of Sumatra, [Indonesia].

Muntiacus rubidus Lyon

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 40: 73, 25 Apr 1911.

= Muntiacus muntjak muntjak (Zimmermann, 1780). See Groves 

and Grubb (1990:160).

Holotype: USNM 151863. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

20 Mar 1908 by W. L. Abbott. Original number 5907.

Type Locality: [FC: Susulang River], Pamukang Bay (Teluk 

Pamukan), [Kalimantan Selatan], southeastern Borneo (Kalimantan), [Indonesia].

Genus Odocoileus Rafinesque, 1832

Cariacus clavatus True

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 11: 417, 5 Jul 1889a. Secondary junior 

homonym of Cervus clavatus C. Hamilton Smith, 1827. Renamed Odocoileus truei by Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 

12: 103, 30 Apr 1898b.

= Odocoileus virginianus nemoralis (C. Hamilton Smith, 1827). 

See Smith (1991:3).

Lectotype as designated by Lyon and Osgood (1909:12): USNM 

16075/37424. Skin and skull. Young male. Collected in 

1887 [Lyon and Osgood (1909:12): probably in Jul or Aug] 

by C. H. Townsend. [MC: Skin cataloged 15 Dec 1887; the 

skull 13 May 1898].

Type Locality: [Miller and Kellogg (1955:808): Comarca de El 

Cabo], [Lyon and Osgood (1909:12): open pine forests on 

the Segovia River (Rio Coco), about 50 mi (80 km) from 

the sea], eastern Honduras [Poole and Schantz (1942:19): 

northern Nicaragua].

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the 

original description. Even though Miller (1901b:37) gave 

measurements for the type, he did not give a specimen number. Although Lyon and Osgood (1909:12) did not refer to 

USNM 16075/37424 as the lectotype, by listing it as the 

type by number and giving a locality, they implicitly did so 

(ICZN, 1999: Article 74.5).

Cariacus virginianus couesi Coues and Yarrow

Rep. Geogr. Geol. Explor. Surv. West Hundredth Meridian 5: 

72, 1875.

= Odocoileus virginianus couesi (Coues and Yarrow, 1875). See 

Lydekker (1915:164).

Holotype: USNM 12400/38455. Skin and skull. [Poole and 

Schantz (1942:22): Young adult] male. Collected 10 Sep 

1874 by J. T. Rothrock. Original number 657.

 Type Locality: Camp (Fort) Crittenden, [Poole and Schantz 

(1942:22): altitude 4,000 ft (1,219 m), Sonoita Creek, near 

Patagonia, between Santa Rita Mountains and Patagonia 

Mountains], [Miller and Kellogg (1955:803): Santa Cruz 

County], Arizona.

Remarks: The holotype of this taxon was published as the original number 657. The skin was cataloged as USNM 12400 

on 23 Jun 1875; the skull, USNM 38455, was not cataloged 

until 1911. 

Cervus lewisi Peale

U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 39, 1848.

= Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson, 1829). See 

Cowan (1936:215).

Syntypes: Peale mentioned two specimens.

Type Locality: Feather River, Upper California and Bay of San 

Francisco, [California].

Remarks: Peale (1848:40) stated that the skin of the Feather 

River specimen was lost descending the Sacramento River. 

Poole and Schantz (1942:574) stated that the antlers (and 

frontlets?) of both specimens and the skin of the San Francisco specimen were originally in the National Institute and, 

presumably some time later, were transferred to the Smithsonian. They could not be found in 1909 (Lyon and Osgood, 1909:288), and their whereabouts are still unknown.

Cervus macrotis var. californicus Caton

Am. Nat. 10: 464, Aug 1876.

= Odocoileus hemionus californicus (Caton, 1876). See Thompson (1898:286).

Holotype: USNM 12587/15424. Skin, skull, and partial skeleton. Four-year-old male. Collected 22 Mar 1876 by J. D. 

Caton. No original number.

Type Locality: Hills around San Julian ranch, near Gaviota Pass, 

40 mi (64 km) up the coast from Santa Barbara, [Santa Barbara County], California.

Remarks: The USNM number was not given in the original description. Caton (1876:468) stated that he sent the specimen to the 

Smithsonian Institution, and a search of the MC revealed this 

specimen to be the only possible one; it was cataloged in the 

spring of 1876. A remark in the MC states that it was not 

found 4 Mar 1902, and nothing is known of its whereabouts.

Dorcelaphus crooki Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 2, 11 Feb 1897c. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 468, 24 Dec 1897d.
NUMBER 646 • 5 1

= No current name. D. crooki was based on a hybrid between 

Odocoileus hemionus and O. virginianus. See Heffelfinger 

(2000:330).

Holotype: USNM 20572/35752. Skull and parts of skin. Adult 

female. Collected 9 Jun 1892 by E. A. Mearns [FC: and F. 

X. Holzner]. Original number 1873.

Type Locality: [SL: Emory Peak], summit of Dog Mountains, 

[SL: near Mexican Boundary Line], Grant (now Hidalgo) 

County, New Mexico.

Dorcelaphus hemionus eremicus Mearns

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20: 4, 11 Feb 1897c. Preprint of Proc. U.S. 

Natl. Mus. 20: 470, 24 Dec 1897d.

= Odocoileus hemionus eremicus (Mearns, 1897). See Thompson (1898:286).

Lectotype as designated by Lyon and Osgood (1909:13): USNM 

63403. Skin only. Adult male. Collected in Dec 1895 by W. 

J. McGee. No original number.

Type Locality: [SL: Seriland], Sierra Seri, near the Gulf of California, opposite Tiburon Island, in the most arid portion of 

Sonora, Mexico.

Remarks: No type was designated by number in the original description. A skin, USNM 63403, was described in detail, 

and two sets of antlers were briefly mentioned. Lyon and 

Osgood (1909:13) decided to list the skin, USNM 63403, as 

the type = lectotype (ICZN, 1999: Article 74.5).

Dorcelaphus texanus Mearns

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 23, 27 Jan 1898.

= Odocoileus virginianus texanus (Mearns, 1898). See Lydekker 

(1915:163).

Holotype: USNM 84794. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

25 Dec 1897 by E. A. Mearns. Original number 4288.

Type Locality: Fort Clark, [Miller and Kellogg (1955:803): north of 

Eagle Pass on Big Bend of Rio Grande], Kinney County, Texas.

Remarks: The holotype was published as the original Mearns 

field number 4288. It was cataloged as USNM 84794 on 

22 Aug 1898.

Odocoileus cerrosensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 101, 30 Apr 1898b.

= Odocoileus hemionus cerrosensis Merriam, 1898. See Lydekker 

(1915:180).

Holotype: USNM 80782. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

9 Aug 1896 by A. W. Anthony. Original number [SL: 113].

Type Locality: Cerros, or Cedros, Island (Isla Cedros), off Lower 

California (Baja California), Mexico.

Odocoileus columbianus scaphiotus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 101, 30 Apr 1898b.

= Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson, 1829). See 

Cowan (1936:215).

Holotype: USNM 65162. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

24 Apr 1894 by J. E. McLellan. Original number 797.

Type Locality: Laguna Ranch, Gabilan Range, [San Benito 

County], California.

Odocoileus columbianus sitkensis Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 100, 30 Apr 1898b.

= Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Merriam, 1898. See Cowan 

(1936:224).

Holotype: USNM 74383. [Skin and skull]. Immature female. Collected 8 Aug 1895 by C. P. Streator. Original number 4767.

Type Locality: Sitka, Alaska.

Odocoileus costaricensis Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 35, 25 Apr 1901b.

= Odocoileus virginianus nemoralis (C. Hamilton Smith, 1827). 

See Smith (1991:3).

Holotype: USNM 11385/13039. Skin and skull. Young adult 

male. Collected the latter part of 1872 or early in 1873 by 

J. C. Zeledon. Original number [SL: 46].

Type Locality: Talamanca, between the coast and the foot of the 

Cordilleras, [Limon], eastern Costa Rica.

Odocoileus hemionus canus Merriam

Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 560, 29 Nov 1901e.

= Odocoileus hemionus eremicus (Mearns, 1897). See Heffelfinger (2000:330).

Holotype: USNM 99361. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

7 Oct 1899 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 13996.

Type Locality: Sierra en Media, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Odocoileus hemionus sheldoni Goldman

J. Mammal. 20: 496, 14 Nov 1939b.

Holotype: USNM 242322. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 27 Dec 1921 by C. Sheldon. No original number. 

X-Catalogue number 22627[-X].

Type Locality: Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico.

Odocoileus nelsoni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 103, 30 Apr 1898b.

= Odocoileus virginianus nelsoni Merriam, 1898. See Lydekker 

(1915:168).

Holotype: USNM 76201. [Skin and skull]. Second-year male. 

Collected 1 Oct 1895 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 8524.

Type Locality: San Cristobal, [FC: altitude 8,500 ft (2,591 m)], 

highlands of Chiapas, Mexico.

Odocoileus thomasi Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 12: 102, 30 Apr 1898b.

= Odocoileus virginianus thomasi Merriam, 1898. See Lydekker 

(1915:168).

Holotype: USNM 77866. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

22 Feb 1896 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 9359.
5 2 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Type Locality: Huehuetan, [FC: altitude 500 ft (152 m)], Chiapas, Mexico.

Odocoileus virginianus carminis Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 81, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 265224. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

27 Oct 1939 by J. M. Dealy. No original number. X-Catalog 

number 29148[-X].

Type Locality: Botellas Canon (Canyon), altitude 6,500 

ft (1,981 m), Sierra del Carmen, northern Coahuila, 

Mexico.

Odocoileus virginianus dacotensis Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 82, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 1837/2879. Skull only, without antlers. Adult 

male. Collected [MC: 5 Sep] 1856 by F. V. Hayden, surgeon 

and naturalist with Lt. G. K. Warren, U.S.A., during the exploration of the upper Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers. No 

original number.

Type Locality: White Earth River, Mountrail County, North 

Dakota.

Remarks: Although a skin for this specimen was cataloged as 

USNM 1837 on 3 Dec 1856, it was not present at the time 

of description and its whereabouts are still unknown.

Odocoileus virginianus hiltonensis Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 83, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 256015. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

9 [MC: 10] Dec 1930 by W. L. Brown. Original number 

[SL: 1].

Type Locality: Hilton Head Island, Beaufort County, South 

Carolina.

Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 84, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 94071. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 

9 Jun 1898 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 12511.

Type Locality: Near Miquihuana, altitude 6,500 ft (1,981 m), 

Sierra Madre Oriental, southwestern Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Odocoileus virginianus nigribarbis Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 85, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 265213. Skin and skull, antlers shed. Adult 

male. Collected 21 Apr 1939 by E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 24014.

Type Locality: Blackbeard Island, McIntosh County, Georgia.

Odocoileus virginianus oaxacensis Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 85, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 68242. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

15 Sep 1894 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 6765.

Type Locality: Mountains 15 mi (24 km) west of Oaxaca, altitude 9,500 ft (2,896 m), Oaxaca, Mexico.

Odocoileus virginianus ochrourus Bailey

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 43, 2 Apr 1932a.

Holotype: USNM 159353. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 27 Dec 1908 by F. Lemmer. Original number [XC: 

17]. Miscellaneous catalogue number 7483[-X].

Type Locality: Coolin, south end of Priest Lake, [Bonner 

County], Idaho.

Odocoileus virginianus seminolus Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 86, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 265557. Skin and skull, antlers in velvet. 

Adult male. Collected 13 Apr 1940 by R. H. Tabb. Original 

number [XC: 4]. X-Catalog number 29415[-X].

Type Locality: 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Everglades, Collier 

County, Florida.

Odocoileus virginianus taurinsulae Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 87, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 265356. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

18 Dec 1939 by W. P. Baldwin. Original number [SL: V-71]. 

X-Catalog number 29214[-X].

Type Locality: [SL: Awendaw], Bulls Island, Charleston County, 

South Carolina.

Odocoileus virginianus venatorius Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 88, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 256049. Skin, skull, [and skeleton]. Young 

adult male. Collected 12 [MC: 13] Dec 1930 by W. L. 

Brown. Original number [MC: 11].

Type Locality: Hunting Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina.

Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis Goldman and Kellogg

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 53: 89, 28 Jun 1940.

Holotype: USNM 93192. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 10 May 1898 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 12363.

Type Locality: Chijol, altitude 200 ft (61 m), northern Vera Cruz 

(Veracruz), Mexico.

Genus Rangifer C. Hamilton Smith, 1827

Rangifer excelsifrons Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(35): 5, 7 Feb 1912c.

= Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus (Borowski, 1780). See Geist 

(1998:325).

Holotype: USNM 16755. Skull only. Adult male. Collected in 

Mar 1883 by P. H. Ray. Original number 1496.

Type Locality: Meade River, near Point Barrow, Alaska.

Rangifer fortidens Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(35): 3, 7 Feb 1912c.

= Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788), See Banfield (1962:70).

Holotype: USNM 174505. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

29 Jul 1911 by N. Hollister and C. D. Walcott Jr. Original 

number [FC: Hollister 3826].
NUMBER 646 • 5 3

Type Locality: Head of Moose Pass branch of Smoky River, 

northeast of Mount Robson, Alberta, [Canada].

Rangifer phylarchus Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(35): 6, 7 Feb 1912c.

= Rangifer tarandus phylarchus Hollister, 1912. See Lydekker 

(1915:245).

Holotype: USNM 21343. Skull, [atlas, and axis]. Adult male. 

Collected in 1883 by L. Stejneger. Original number 2709.

Type Locality: Southeastern Kamchatka, [Kamchatskiy, Russia].

Family Antilocapridae Gray, 1866

Genus Antilocapra Ord, 1818

Antilocapra americana mexicana Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 31, 5 Apr 1901f.

Holotype: USNM 98742. Skin and skull. Young adult male. Collected 4 Oct 1899 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. 

Original number 13989.

Type Locality: [SL: Near] Sierra en Media, [Miller and Kellogg 

(1955:817): about 10 mi (16 km) south of New Mexico 

border], Chihuahua, Mexico.

Antilocapra americana oregona Bailey

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 45, 2 Apr 1932b.

Holotype: USNM 205548. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

22 Sep 1914 by L. J. Goldman. Original number 2040.

Type Locality: Hart Mountain, [FC: Mount Warner, altitude 

5,500 ft (1,676 m)], Warner Mountains, [Lake County], 

Oregon.

Antilocapra americana peninsularis Nelson

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 107, 29 Jun 1912.

Holotype: USNM 178445. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 4 Feb 1912 by E. W. Funcke. Original number [XC: 

42]. [SL: 9074-X].

Type Locality: 45 mi (72 km) south of Calmalli, Lower California (Baja California Sur), Mexico.

Antilocapra americana sonoriensis Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 58: 3, 21 Mar 1945.

Holotype: USNM 250938. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 11 Dec 1932 by V. Bailey and F. Winthrop. Original 

number [FC: VB 11291].

Type Locality: 40 mi (64 km) north of Costa Rica, a ranch on the 

northern side of the Rio Sonora, southwest of Hermosillo, 

Sonora, [Mexico].

Family Bovidae Gray, 1814

Genus Alcelaphus de Blainville, 1816

Bubalis cokei kongoni Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(8): 5, 2 Nov 1912.

= Alcelaphus buselaphus (Pallas, 1766). See Ruxton and 

Schwarz (1929:578), who determined that B. c. kongoni

Heller, 1912, is a hybrid between A. b. jacksoni and A. b. 

cokii.

Holotype: USNM 162992. [Skin, skull, and partial skeleton]. 

Adult male. Collected 19 Jun 1909 by T. Roosevelt. Original number Heller 139.

Type Locality: [FC: Lime Springs], [SL: Sotik], Southern Guaso 

Nyiro (Ewaso Ngiro) River, Loita Plains, [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Bubalis lelwel keniae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(17): 3, 21 Oct 1913c.

= Alcelaphus buselaphus (Pallas, 1766), See Ruxton and Schwarz 

(1929:578), who determined that B. l. keniae Heller, 1912, 

is a hybrid between A. b. jacksoni and A. b. cokii.

Holotype: USNM 182009. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 27 Jun 1911 by P. J. Rainey. Original number Heller 

2310.

Type Locality: [SL: Nyuki River], 20 mi (32 km) northeast of 

Nyeri, near the Meru road, North Kenia Plateau, [Central 

Province, Kenya].

Bubalis lelwel roosevelti Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(8): 7, 2 Nov 1912.

= Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel (Heuglin, 1877). See Ansell 

(1972:53).

Holotype: USNM 164734. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 15 Feb 1910 by T. Roosevelt. Original number Heller 

643.

Type Locality: [FC: 90 mi (145 km) north of] Nimule, not Gondokoro as in original description, [Central Equatoria], 

Uganda (South Sudan).

Bubalis nakurae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(8): 6, 2 Nov 1912.

= Alcelaphus buselaphus (Pallas, 1766). See Ruxton and Schwarz 

(1929:578), who determined that B. nakurae Heller, 1912, 

is a hybrid between A. b. jacksoni and A. b. cokii.

Holotype: USNM 163130. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 20 Oct 1909 by K. Roosevelt. Original number Heller 

418.

Type Locality: Nakuru, [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Ammelaphus Heller, 1912

Ammelaphus imberbis australis Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 2, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Ammelaphus australis Heller, 1913. See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:29) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 182073. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 21 Jul 1911 by M. A. Johnston. Original number [FC: 

Heller] 2380.

Type Locality: [SL: Marsabit Road], Longaya Water, Marsabit 

District, [Eastern Province], British East Africa (Kenya).
5 4 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Genus Bos Linnaeus, 1758

Bison bison oregonus Bailey

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 48, 2 Apr 1932c.

= Bos bison Linnaeus, 1758. See Groves and Grubb (2011:115) 

for current use.

Holotype: USNM 250145. Skull and skeleton. Adult male. Collected in Nov 1931 by G. M. Benson. Original number 

26728 in X-Catalogue.

Type Locality: The dry bed of Lake Malheur, [XC: west of Cole 

Island and east of Graves], [Harney County], Oregon.

Genus Cephalophus C. Hamilton Smith, 1827

Cephalophus spadix True

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 13: 227, 16 Sep 1890.

Holotype: USNM 18965/34707. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. 

Collected in [Lyon and Osgood (1909:11): 1889–1890] by 

[MC: W. L. Abbott]. Original number [MC: 21].

Type Locality: High altitudes on Mount Kilima-njaro (Kilimanjaro), [Kilimanjaro], East Africa (Tanzania).

Remarks: The description was based entirely on the skin and was 

published as such. USNM 34707 is the skull that belongs to 

it. Both were cataloged on 24 Jun 1890. In a letter in accession record 23158 from Abbott, he stated that collecting in 

this locality did not continue into 1890. All of the Abbott 

specimens in the collection from Mount Kilimanjaro were 

collected in 1888 and 1889.

Genus Connochaetes Lichtenstein, 1812

Gorgon albojubatus mearnsi Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(17): 1, 21 Oct 1913c.

= Connochaetes mearnsi (Heller, 1913). See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:218) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 163020. [Skin, skull, and partial skeleton]. 

Adult male. Collected 28 Jun 1909 by E. A. Mearns. Original number 6809.

Type Locality: [SL: Sotik], [FC: S. Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso Ngiro) 

River], Loita Plains, [Rift Valley], British East Africa 

(Kenya).

Genus Hippotragus Sundevall, 1845

Ozanna roosevelti Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 54(6): 1, 3 Mar 1910.

= Hippotragus roosevelti (Heller, 1910). See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:203) for first use of current name combination and 

current use.

Holotype: USNM 163166. [Skin and skull]. [FC: Adult female]. 

Collected [SL: 12 Dec], not 14 as given in original description, 1909 by K. Roosevelt. Original number Heller 550.

Type Locality: Simba Hills, [FC: near coast, 20 mi (32 km) south 

of Mombasa], [Coast Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Remarks: Published as Heller number 550; cataloged as USNM 

163166 on 29 Jun 1910.

Genus Kobus A. Smith, 1840

Adenota kob alurae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(7): 11, 31 Jul 1913d.

= Kobus kob thomasi (Sclater, 1896). See Grubb (2005:720).

Holotype: USNM 164788. [Skin, skull, and partial skeleton]. 

Adult male. Collected 14 Jan 1910 by T. Roosevelt. Original 

number [SL: E. Heller] 590.

Type Locality: Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave, [Arua, Uganda].

Kobus defassa raineyi Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 5, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Kobus ellipsiprymnus adolfifriderici Matschie, 1906. See Ansell (1972:42).

Holotype: USNM 181961. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 14 May 1911 by P. J. Rainey. Original number [SL: 

Heller] 2203.

Type Locality: Amala River, [SL: Telak River], [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Kobus ellipsiprymnus kuru Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 6, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Kobus ellipsiprymnus thikae Matschie, 1911. See Ansell 

(1972:41).

Holotype: USNM 18950/34694. Skin and skull. Immature male. 

Collected on unknown date by W. L. Abbott. Original number [MC: 27. Cataloged 24 Jun 1890].

Type Locality: Taveta, Kilimanjaro district (Coast Province), 

British East Africa (Kenya).

Remarks: Abbott was at this locality in 1888 and 1889.

Genus Madoqua Ogilby, 1837

Rhynchotragus kirki nyikae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(7): 3, 31 Jul 1913d.

= Madoqua hindei Thomas, 1902. See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:178) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 182228. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 1 Nov 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2541.

Type Locality: Nidi, near Voi, [Coast Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Nanger Lataste, 1885

Gazella granti raineyi Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(7): 6, 31 Jul 1913d.

= Nanger notata (Thomas, 1897). See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:160) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 182016. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 30 Jun 1911 by P. J. Rainey. Original number [SL: 

Heller] 2318.
NUMBER 646 • 5 5

 Type Locality: Isiola (Isiolo) River, Northern Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso 

Ngiro), [Eastern Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Gazella granti roosevelti Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(7): 4, 31 Jul 1913d.

= Nanger granti (Brooke, 1872). See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:160) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 162009. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 26 Apr 1909 by K. Roosevelt, not T. as in original 

description. Original number [FC: Heller] 8.

Type Locality: [FC: Kapiti Plains Station, near] Kitanga Farm, 

Athi Plains, [Eastern Province]. British East Africa (Kenya).

Gazella granti serengetae Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(7): 5, 31 Jul 1913d.

= Nanger petersii (Gunther, 1884). See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:160) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 18961/34703. Skin and skull [cranium only]. 

Adult male. Collected on unknown date by W. L. Abbott. 

Original number 23. [MC: Cataloged 24 Jun 1890].

Type Locality: Taveta, western edge of the Serengeti Plains, 

Kilimanjaro district (Coast Province), British East Africa 

(Kenya).

Genus Nesotragus Von Duben, 1846

Nesotragus moschatus deserticola Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(7): 2, 31 Jul 1913d.

= Nesotragus moschatus Von Duben, 1846. See Groves and 

Grubb (2011:149), who placed deserticola Heller, 1913, 

in their monotypic Neotragus moschatus, and Barmann 

and Schikora (2014:285), who returned moschatus to

Nesotragus.

Holotype: USNM 182261. [Skin and skull]. Aged female. Collected 9 Dec 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2574.

Type Locality: Maji-ya-chumvi, [Coast Province], British East 

Africa (Kenya).

Genus Oreotragus A. Smith, 1834

Oreotragus oreotragus aureus Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 7 Sep 1913b.

= Oreotragus aureus Heller, 1913. See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:276) for first and current use of name combination.

Holotype: USNM 182149. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 15 Sep 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2458.

Type Locality: Summit of Mt. Lololokwi, [MC: altitude 6,000 

ft (1,829 m)], north of the Northern Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso 

Ngiro), [Rift Valley, Kenya].

Genus Oryx de Blainville, 1816

Oryx annectens Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(2): 7, 31 Mar 1910b.

= Oryx gallarum Neumann, 1902. See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:207) for first and current use of name combination.

Holotype: USNM 155436. Skin only. Age and sex not given. Collected about 8 Aug 1908 by J. J. White. No original number.

Type Locality: Vicinity of Guaso Nyiro (Ewaso Ngiro) River, 

Laikipia Plateau, [Rift Valley], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Ourebia Laurillard, 1842

Ourebia microdon Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 56(2): 4, 31 Mar 1910b.

= Ourebia montana Cretzschmar, 1826. See Grubb (2005:686), 

who placed microdon as a synonym of O. ourebia montana,

and Groves and Grubb (2011:179), who elevated montana

to full specific rank without giving a complete synonymy.

Holotype: USNM 155422. Skull [cranium only]. Adult male. 

Collected summer [SL: about Jun] 1908 by J. J. White. No 

original number.

Type Locality: South of the Nzoia River on the Guas Ngishu Plateau, [Western Province]. British East Africa (Kenya).

Ourebia montana aequatoria Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(8): 12, 2 Nov 1912.

= Ourebia montana Cretzschmar, 1826. See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:179), who considered O. montana to be monotypic.

Holotype: USNM 164713. [Skin, skull, and leg bones]. Adult 

male. Collected 21 Jan 1910, not 12 as given in original 

description, by T. Roosevelt. Original number Heller 608.

Type Locality: Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave, [Arua, Uganda].

Genus Ovis Linnaeus, 1758

Nemorhoedus palmeri Cragin

Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 11: 611, 31 Oct 1900.

= Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw, 1804. See Miller (1930:2).

Holotype: USNM 255680. Right humerus and right metacarpal. 

Age and sex not given. Collected on unknown date by W. J. 

Palmer. No original number. Received from E. R. Warren. 

[MC: Cataloged 16 Oct 1930].

Type Locality: Cave on the Glen Eyrie estate [Miller (1930:2) in 

a valley or canyon about 5 mi (8 km) northwest of Colorado 

Springs], [El Paso County], Colorado.

Remarks: Miller (1930:1) stated that the specimen was originally 

number 8042, Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, but that 

it is of recent origin.

Ovis canadensis auduboni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 31, 5 Apr 1901f.

= Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw, 1804. See Wehausen and 

Ramey (2000:155).

Holotype: USNM 1520/22610. [MC: Skin of the head] and skull. 

Young adult male. Collected in [MC: winter] 1855 by F. V. 

Hayden on the Warren Expedition. No original number. [MC: 

Skin of head cataloged 21 Jun 1856; the skull 4 May 1857].
5 6 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Type Locality: Upper Missouri [River]. Believed to have been 

collected in the badlands between the Cheyenne and White 

Rivers, South Dakota.

Remarks: Even though Merriam (1901f:31) stated that no skins 

of this taxon had been examined, he did give the skin number belonging to the skull; it cannot be found.

Ovis canadensis gaillardia Mearns

Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 56(1): 240, 13 Apr 1907.

= Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, 1901. See Cowan 

(1940:545).

Holotype: USNM 59906. Skin and skull. Immature female. Collected 21 Feb 1894 by E. A. Mearns. Original number [FC: 

Mearns and Holzner] 3029.

Type Locality: Gila Mountains, between Tinajas Altas and the 

Mexican boundary line, Yuma County, Arizona.

Ovis canadensis texianus Bailey

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 109, 29 Jun 1912.

= Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, 1901. See Cowan 

(1940:545).

Holotype: USNM 118255. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 2 Sep 1902 by V. Bailey, [FC: shot by M. Surber]. 

Original number [FC: VB] 7971.

Type Locality: Guadalupe Mountains, [FC: south of Guadalupe 

Peak], [Culbertson County], Texas.

Ovis canadensis weemsi Goldman

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 50: 30, 2 Apr 1937b.

Holotype: USNM 261696. Skin and skull. Adult female. Collected 13 Apr 1936 by F. C. Weems. No original number. 

X-Catalogue number 27590[-X].

Type Locality: Cajon de Tecomaja, altitude 2,000 ft (610 m), Sierra de la Giganta, about 30 mi (48 km) south of Cerro de la 

Giganta, [SL: 6 mi (10 km) southwest of Puerto Escondido], 

southern Lower California (Baja California Sur), [Mexico].

Ovis mexicanus Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 30, 5 Apr 1901f.

= Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, 1901. See Lydekker 

(1901:11).

Holotype: USNM 99342. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 

16 Sep 1899 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original 

number 13974.

Type Locality: Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua, [SL: Mexico].

Ovis montana dalli Nelson

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 7: 13, 3 Jun 1884.

= Ovis dalli dalli Nelson, 1884. See J. A. Allen (1897:112).

Syntype: USNM 13265/20787. [MC: Skin and mandibles. Adult 

female. Collected winter of 1879–80 by Indians and given 

to E. W. Nelson by L. N. McQuesten. Original number 

154/249].

Syntype: USNM 13266/20786. [MC: Skin and skull. Adult male. 

Collected winter of 1879–80 by Indians and given to E. W. 

Nelson by L. N. McQuesten. Original number 155/248].

Type Locality: Mountains south of Fort Yukon, on the west bank 

of the [Yukon] River; [Miller and Kellogg (1955:823): probably Tanana Hills].

Remarks: These two specimens were not designated by number 

in the original description. Nelson (1884:12) did, however, 

state that the types of the new race are two specimens. These 

are the only two in the collection that match the locality 

data that he gave.

Ovis nelsoni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 218, 15 Jul 1897f.

= Ovis canadensis nelsoni Merriam, 1897. See Lydekker 

(1901:10).

Holotype: USNM 28383/40487. Skin and skull. Adult female. 

Collected 4 Jun 1891 by E. W. Nelson. Original number 942.

Type Locality: [FC: Bighorn Canyon], Grapevine Mountains, 

[Miller and Kellogg (1955:823): about 5 mi (8 km) southerly from Grapevine Peak], just south of lat. 37° [N], on 

[Inyo County] California–[Esmeralda County] Nevada 

boundary line.

Ovis sheldoni Merriam

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 130, 6 Sep 1916b.

= Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, 1901. See Cowan 

(1940:545).

Holotype: USNM 210585. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 10 Mar 1916 by C. Sheldon. No original number. 

[SL: 14006-X].

Type Locality: El Rosario [SL: Mountains], northern Sonora, 

Mexico.

Genus Philantomba Blyth, 1840

Cephalophus monticola musculoides Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(7): 9, 31 Jul 1913d.

= Philantomba aequatorialis musculoides (Heller, 1913). See 

Groves and Grubb (2011:268) for first use of current name 

combination and for current use.

Holotype: USNM 182388. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 13 Feb 1912 by E. Heller. Original number 2709.

Type Locality: Kagumega (Kakamega) Forest, [Western Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Procapra Hodgson, 1846

Procapra altaica Hollister

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(19): 1, 8 Feb 1913d.

= Procapra gutturosa (Pallas, 1777). See Bannikov (1954:233).

Holotype: USNM 175179. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

5 Jul 1912 by T. Lyman. Original number Hollister 4382.
NUMBER 646 • 5 7

Type Locality: Suok Plains, near south end of Bain-Chagan Pass, 

Little Altai, Mongolia.

Genus Pseudois Hodgson, 1846

Pseudois nayaur caesia A. B. Howell

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 41: 118, 29 Jul 1928.

= Pseudois nayaur (Hodgson, 1833). See Grubb (2005:711), 

who considered P. nayaur to be monotypic.

Holotype: USNM 240683. Skin and skull. Young adult male. Collected 14 Sep 1923 by F. R. Wulsin. Original number 1129.

Type Locality: Archuen, Minshan (Min Shan) Mountains, 140 mi 

(225 km) south of Lanchow (Lanzhou), Kansu (Gansu), China.

Genus Redunca C. Hamilton Smith, 1827

Cervicapra chanleri Rothschild

Novit. Zool. 2: 53, Feb 1895.

= Redunca chanleri (Rothschild, 1895). See Trouessart 

(1904:722) for first use of current name combination and 

Groves and Grubb (2011:187) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 61868/49418. [Skin, skull, and skeleton]. 

Adult male. Collected on unknown date by W. A. Chanler. 

No original number. [MC: Skin cataloged 5 Apr 1895; the 

skull and skeleton 17 Jun 1895].

Type Locality: Jahnbogue Range, Central East Africa, 600 mi 

(966 km) inland. Restricted to: On the slopes of the Jambene Mountains, about 45 mi (72 km) north northeast of 

Mount Kenia (Kenya), [Eastern Province], British East Africa (Kenya) by Sclater and Thomas (1897:183).

Remarks: The holotype was not designated by number in the 

original description. The skin and skeleton, mounted by 

Rowland Ward and Company, were both in London when 

described, and Rothschild referred to only one specimen, 

which he called the type and stated that it would be placed 

in the Smithsonian Institution. The USNM accession records, 29210 for the mounted skin and 29482 for the skeleton, state that both parts were shipped by Rowland Ward 

and Company under the orders of Astor Chanler and refer 

to them as Cervicapra chanleri. Accession 29482 specifically 

states the type of Cervicapra chanleri. Therefore, there is no 

reason not to believe that this specimen is the single one referred to by Rothschild and is the holotype fixed by original 

designation (ICZN, 1999: Article 73.1.1).

Redunca redunca tohi Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(7): 10, 31 Jul 1913d.

= Redunca bohor Ruppell, 1842. See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:185) for current use.

Holotype: USNM 182289. [Skin and skull]. Adult female. Collected 2 Jan 1912 by E. Heller. Original number 2608.

Type Locality: Mariakani, [Coast Province], British East Africa 

(Kenya).

Genus Rupicapra de Blainville, 1816

Rupicapra faesula Miller

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 131, 31 Jul 1912d.

= Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758). See Coutourier 

(1938:326), who placed faesula as a subspecies of R. rupicapra, and Grubb (2005:712), who considered it a synonym 

of R. rupicapra.

Holotype: USNM 174943. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected 

in Sep 1911 by unknown collector. [MC: Received from W. 

Schluter of Halle, Germany].

Type Locality: Passo Mandrioli, headwaters of the Savio River, 

Florence (Firenze), [Toscana], Italy.

Genus Strepsiceros C. Hamilton Smith, 1827

Strepsiceros strepsiceros bea Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 3, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Strepsiceros chora (Cretzschmar, 1826). See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:141) for first use of current name combination and 

for current use.

Holotype: USNM 163247. [Skin, skull, leg bones, and scapulae]. Adult female. Collected 10 Oct 1909 by K. Roosevelt. 

Original number [FC: Heller] 410.

Type Locality: Donyo Gelsha, on the [FC: Laikipia] escarpment 

east of Lake Baringo, [Rift Valley, Kenya].

Genus Sylvicapra Ogilby, 1837

Sylvicapra grimmi [sic.] altivallis Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(8): 10, 2 Nov 1912.

= Sylvicapra grimmia altivallis Heller, 1912. See Ansell (1972:37).

Holotype: USNM 164746. [Skin, skull, and leg bones]. Adult 

female. Collected 10 Aug 1909 by T. Roosevelt. Original 

number Heller 295.

Type Locality: Summit of Aberdare Range, near Kinanagop (Ilkinangop) Peak, altitude 10,500 ft (3,200 m) [FC: 10,000 ft 

(3,048 m]), [Central Province, Kenya].

Sylvicapra grimmi [sic.] roosevelti Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(8): 9, 2 Nov 1912.

= Sylvicapra grimmia campbelliae (Gray, 1843). See Grubb and 

Groves (2001:709).

Holotype: USNM 164664. Skin, skull, [and leg bones]. Young 

adult male. Collected 25 Jan 1910 by T. Roosevelt. Original 

number Heller 616.

Type Locality: Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave, [Arua], Egyptian 

Sudan (Uganda).

Sylvicapra grimmia deserti Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(17): 4, 21 Oct 1913c.

= Sylvicapra grimmia orbicularis (Peters, 1852). See Meester et 

al. (1986:199).
5 8 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Holotype: USNM 182219. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 27 Oct 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2532.

Type Locality: Voi, [Coast Province], British East Africa (Kenya).

Genus Tragelaphus de Blainville, 1816

Tragelaphus scriptus olivaceus Heller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 61(13): 1, 16 Sep 1913b.

= Tragelaphus fasciatus Pocock, 1900. See Groves and Grubb 

(2011:132) for first use of name combination and for current use.

Holotype: USNM 182267. [Skin and skull]. Adult male. Collected 11 Dec 1911 by E. Heller. Original number 2580.

Type Locality: Maji-ya-Chumvi, [Coast Province], British East 

Africa (Kenya).

Order Cetacea Brisson, 1762

Family Balaenidae Gray, 1821

Genus Eubalaena Gray, 1864

Balaena cisarctica Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 17: 169, ordered published 29 Aug 1865a.

= Eubalaena glacialis (Muller, 1776). See Kukenthal (1900:207). 

The name cisarctica was not listed in the synonymy of Eubalaena glacialis by Mead and Brownell (2005:723).

Holotype: USNM 301637. Skull and nearly complete skeleton. Half 

grown, sex not given. Collected three years ago (1862), collector unknown. Presented by G. Davidson. No original number.

Type Locality: Opposite this city (Philadelphia). Restricted by 

Hershkovitz (1966:190) to Delaware River, opposite Philadelphia, on the coast of New Jersey.

Remarks: A holotype was not designated in the original publication, but the name was based on a single specimen in the 

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia from the locality given above. Originally ANSP 2817, this specimen was 

transferred to the NMNH and cataloged as USNM 301637 

on 22 Sep 1955. See NMNH accession record 207833. This 

specimen is located at an off-site storage facility. According to J. G. Mead, emeritus curator, Division of Mammals, 

NMNH (personal communication to C. A. Ludwig), there is 

a piece of skin from this specimen in the alcohol collection of 

the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (ANSP 

1885), and their records indicate the date of collection as 23 

Apr 1861. Koopman (1976) did not list this specimen.

Family Balaenopteridae Gray, 1864

Genus Balaenoptera Lacépède, 1804

Balaenoptera davidsoni Scammon

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 2, 4 Oct 1872. Preprint of Proc. Calif. 

Acad. Sci. 4: 269, Jan 1873.

= Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804. See Hershkovitz 

(1966:156).

Holotype: USNM 12177. Skull only (cranium only and a small 

piece of baleen). Adult female. Collected Oct 1870 by C. M. 

Scammon. No original number.

Type Locality: [Scammon (1874:49): North shore] Admiralty 

Inlet, [Island County], [MC: Puget Sound], Washington Territory (Washington).

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the original description, but the description was based on a single 

specimen, and True (1904:91) determined it to be USNM 

12177.

Sibbaldius tectirostris Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 21: 17, 20 Jul 1869.

= Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758). See True (1904:87). 

Mead and Brownell (2005:725) did not list tectirostris in 

the synonymy of Balaenoptera physalus.

Holotype: USNM 301635. Nearly complete specimen (cranium 

and partial skeleton). Young female. Collected in winter 

of the present year (1868–1869) but had been dead for 

some time. Collector not given [MC: J. Carey]. No original 

number.

Type Locality: The coast near Sinepuxent Bay, [Worcester 

County] on the Maryland Peninsula.

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the original description, but the description was based on a single 

specimen in the ANSP, and True (1904:85) determined that 

this specimen was the only one that matched the data given 

by Cope. Originally ANSP 5006, this specimen was transferred to the NMNH and cataloged as USNM 301635 on 

22 Sep 1955. See NMNH accession record 207833. This 

specimen is located at an off-site storage facility.

Genus Megaptera Gray, 1846

Megaptera bellicosa Cope

Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 12: 107, 1871. Read 21 Oct 1870 before 

the Philosophical Society of America.

= Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781). See Hershkovitz 

(1966:182). Mead and Brownell (2005:725) did not list bellicosa in the synonymy of Megaptera novaeangliae.

Holotype: USNM 301636. Skull and skeleton. Young, sex 

not given. Procured by A. Goes of St. Bartholomew’s, WI 

(Windward Islands) in [ANSP records: Mar 1870]. No original number.

Type Locality: Not given. [True (1904:97): off the coast of Santo 

Domingo, Haiti, West Indies or St. Bartholomew Island, 

West Indies].

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the 

original description, but the description was based on a 

single specimen that was sent to Philadelphia by Goes. True 

(1904:97) determined that the ANSP had a specimen whose 

dimensions agree so closely with those given by Cope that it 
NUMBER 646 • 5 9

must be the type. It was originally ANSP 5007, transferred 

to the NMNH and cataloged as USNM 301636 on 22 Sep 

1955. See NMNH accession record 207833. This specimen 

is located at an off-site storage facility.

Family Delphinidae Gray, 1821

Genus Delphinus Linnaeus, 1758

Delphinus albimanus Peale

U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 33, 1848.

= Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758. See True (1889b:45, 55).

Holotype: USNM 3743/4107. [Mounted skin and mandibles]. 

Female, age not given. Collected on unknown date by U.S. 

Ship Peacock. [MC: The skin was cataloged 10 Jun 1860; 

the mandibles 26 Jun 1860]. Original number 31 in Peale’s 

list of specimens (Peale, 1848:305).

Type Locality: Off the coast of Chile, lat. 27°16′S, long. 75°30′W.

Remarks: The mounted specimen was present in 1900 according 

to Lyon and Osgood (1909:9) but was stated as missing by 

Poole and Schantz (1942:108). It still cannot be found.

Delphinus bairdii Dall

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5: 12, 29 Jan 1873.

= Delphinus capensis Gray, 1823. See Heyning and Perrin 

(1994:29).

Syntypes: Not known to exist. Two females, age not given. Collected on unknown date by C. M. Scammon. No original 

numbers.

Type Locality: Cape (Point) Arguello, [Santa Barbara County], 

California.

Remarks: Scammon (1874:12) stated that one entire skeleton 

had been forwarded to Washington. There is no record of it 

being received.

Genus Globicephala Lesson, 1828

Globiocephalus scammonii Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 21: 21, 20 Jul 1869.

= Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846. See van Bree 

(1971:85).

Lectotype as designated by True (1889b:140): USNM 9074. 

[Skull only]. Age and sex not given. Collected [Scammon 

(1869:58): 14 Dec 1862 by C. M. Scammon]. No original 

number.

Type Locality: [Scammon (1869:58): Coast of Lower California (Baja California) in latitude 31°, land 10 mi (16 km) 

distant].

Remarks: Recataloged as USNM 238167 on 24 Feb 1922.

Genus Grampus Gray, 1828

Grampus stearnsii Dall

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5: 13, 29 Jan 1873.

= Grampus griseus (G. Cuvier, 1812). See Hershkovitz (1966:89).

Lectotype as designated by True (1889b:130): USNM 13021. 

Mandible only. Age and sex not given. Collected on unknown date by [Dall (1874:300): C. M. Scammon]. [MC: 

Cataloged in 1873]. No original number, but the mandible 

is labeled “B.”

Type Locality: Coast of California. Given by Dall (1874:300) as 

Monterey, [Monterey County], California.

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the original description. Dall (1873:13) mentioned two lower jaws in 

his description, and True (1889b:130) equated USNM 13021 

to one of Dall’s specimens and gave measurements for it.

Genus Lagenorhynchus Gray, 1846

Delphinus longidens Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18: 295, ordered published 30 Oct 

1866. Receipt acknowledged 16 Feb 1867 by the Smithsonian Institution.

= Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill, 1865. See True (1889b:99).

Holotype: USNM 3886. [Skull only]. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:8): Young adult]. Collected on unknown date by [SL: 

the U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838–1842]. [MC: Cataloged 20 Jun 1860]. No original number.

Type Locality: Unknown.

Lagenorhynchus gubernator Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 28: 138, ordered published 20 Jun 

1876. 

= Lagenorhynchus acutus (Gray, 1828). See True (1889b:83).

Holotype: Not known to exist. [True (1889b:86): Young], sex 

not given. Collected on unknown date [MC: Aug 1873] by 

the U.S. Fish Commission. No original number.

Type Locality: Near the same locality as the last, [Portland, 

Maine]. Lyon and Osgood (1909:8) quoted a manuscript 

note by F. W. True, not seen by us, in which he stated that 

the “last,” L. perspicillatus, was really from Cape Cod, 

Massachusetts, and that L. gubernator was from Casco Bay, 

near Portland, [Cumberland County], Maine.

Remarks: Cope (1876:138) stated that two plaster casts were 

made and colored from the fresh specimen. These are 

USNM 12305, which cannot be found, and USNM 12306, 

which is in the type collection, although it technically only 

represents the holotype and is not the holotype itself.

Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 17: 177, ordered published 26 Sep 

1865b.

Syntypes as determined by True (1889b:98): USNM 1961, 1962, 

and 1963. Skulls only. Adult, sex not given. Collected on 

unknown date by [SL: W. P. Trowbridge]. No original numbers. [MC: Cataloged 24 Oct 1855].

Type Locality: [Lyon and Osgood (1909:8): Pacific Ocean, near] 

San Francisco, [San Francisco County], California.
6 0 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Remarks: Gill (1865b:178) stated that the Smithsonian has three 

adult specimens of his new species, and True (1889b:98) 

determined that the three specimens listed above are those.

Lagenorhynchus perspicillatus Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 28: 136, ordered published 20 Jun 

1876.

= Lagenorhynchus acutus (Gray, 1828). See True (1889b:85).

Lectotype as designated herein: USNM 14244. Cranium only. 

Adult, sex unknown. Collected on unknown date by V. N. 

Edwards. No original number.

Type Locality: Cape Cod, Barnstable County, Massachusetts.

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the original description, but Cope stated that “this species is represented in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution by 

numerous crania, some skeletons and a colored cast of the 

natural size, taken by the United States Commission of Fisheries, near Portland, Maine.” In citing a manuscript note by 

F. W. True, not seen by us, Lyon and Osgood (1909:8–9) and 

Poole and Schantz (1942:110) considered USNM 12939, 

14228–14326, 14335, and 14362–14373 as cotypes = syntypes. However, as pointed out to us by C. W. Potter, recently 

retired collections manager of marine mammals, a specimen 

in that series, USNM 14246, is not a Lagenorhynchus, rendering the series composite. In order to attach the name 

Lagenorhynchus perspicillatus Cope to a known Lagenorhynchus, we designate USNM 14244 as the lectotype. We 

choose this particular specimen because True (1889b:169) 

listed it as a Lagenorhynchus acutus and gave measurements. 

 In the same manuscript note, True also indicated that the 

locality given by Cope “is incorrect and should be Woods 

Hole, Mass. or else Cape Cod.” The series in the museum 

catalog is recorded as being from Cape Cod.

Phocaena australis Peale

U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 33, 1848.

= Lagenorhynchus australis (Peale, 1848). See Kellogg (1941:296).

Holotype: Not known to exist. Collected 12 Feb, year unknown.

Type Locality: South Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Patagonia. 

[Kellogg (1941:296): added one day’s sail north of the Strait 

of Le Maire between Staten Island and Cape San Diego, 

Tierra de Fuego].

Remarks: Nothing is known about this specimen, and it was not 

included in Peale’s list of specimens (Peale, 1848:305).

Sagmatias amblodon Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18: 294, ordered published 30 Oct 

1866. Receipt acknowledged 16 Feb 1867 by the Smithsonian Institution.

= Lagenorhynchus australis (Peale, 1848). See Kellogg (1941:296).

Holotype: USNM 3887. [Skull only]. [True (1889b:106): Old 

adult], sex unknown. Collected on unknown date by the 

ship Vincennes of the U.S. Exploring Expedition. Original 

number [MC: 2].

Type Locality: [MC: Caught at sea]. [Lyon and Osgood (1909:7): 

added probably between Cape Horn and Lima, Peru, or 

Australia, or New Zealand].

Remarks: The holotype was not designated by number in the 

original description, but the description was based on a 

single specimen. True (1889b:106) determined it to be the 

one listed above.

Genus Lissodelphis Gloger, 1841

Delphinapterus borealis Peale

U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 35, 1848.

= Lissodelphis borealis (Peale, 1848). See Elliot (1901:30).

Holotype: Not known to exist.

Type Locality: North Pacific Ocean, lat. 46°6′50′′N., long. 

134°5′W. from Greenwich, [Poole and Schantz (1942:575): 

10° west of Astoria, Oregon].

Remarks: Nothing is known about this specimen, and it was not 

included in Peale’s list of specimens (Peale, 1848:305). Cassin (1858:30) remarked that he had no specimens of this 

taxon for examination.

Genus Peponocephala Nishiwaki 

and Norris, 1966

Phocaena pectoralis Peale

U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 32, 1848.

= Peponocephala electra (Gray, 1846). See Mead and Brownell 

(1993:355).

Holotype: USNM 4108. Mandible only. Old, sex not given. Collected on unknown date by the U.S. Exploring Expedition. 

Original number 32 in Peale’s list of specimens on page 305. 

[MC: Cataloged 26 Jun 1860].

Type Locality: Hilo Bay, Hawaii, [Hawaiian Islands].

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the original description, but it was based on a single mandible. True 

(1889b:101) determined it to be the one listed above.

Genus Pseudorca Reinhardt, 1862

Orca destructor Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18: 293, ordered published 30 Oct 

1866. Receipt acknowledged 16 Feb 1867 by the Smithsonian Institution.

= Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846). See True (1889b:143).

Holotype: USNM 3679. [Rostrum and mandible]. Age and sex 

not given. Collector and date of collection not given. [MC: 

Cataloged 11 Feb 1866].

Type Locality: Southern Pacific Ocean, off Paita, [Piura], Peru.

Genus Stenella Gray, 1866

Delphinus albirostratus Peale

U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 34, 1848.
NUMBER 646 • 6 1

= Stenella attenuata (Gray, 1846). See Perrin et al. (1987:150).

Holotype: Not known to exist. Collected 22 Aug, year 

unknown.

Type Locality: Pacific Ocean, lat. 2°47′5′′S., long. 174°13′W. of 

Greenwich. [Perrin (1975:22): Phoenix Islands].

Remarks: Nothing else is known about this specimen. It was not 

in Peale’s list of specimens (Peale, 1848:305), and Cassin 

(1858:32) did not see it in the collections of the expedition.

Delphinus lateralis Peale

U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 35, 1848.

= Stenella attenuata (Gray, 1846). Personal communication from 

J. G. Mead to R. D. Fisher.

Holotype: Not known to exist. Collected 13 Sep, year unknown.

Type Locality: Pacific Ocean, lat. 13°58′N., long. 161°22′W., 

[Poole and Schantz (1942:576): about 7° southwest of Hawaiian Islands].

Remarks: Nothing else is known about this specimen. It was not 

in Peale’s list of specimens (Peale, 1848:305), and Cassin 

(1858:32) did not see it in the collections of the expedition.

Delphinus plagiodon Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18: 296, ordered published 30 Oct 

1866. Receipt acknowledged 16 Feb 1867 by the Smithsonian Institution.

= Stenella frontalis (G. Cuvier, 1829). See Perrin et al. (1987:117).

Holotype: USNM 3884. Skull only. Youngish, sex not given. 

Collected on unknown date by [SL: J. Varden]. [MC: Cataloged 20 Jun 1860].

Type Locality: Unknown.

Stenella longirostris centroamericana Perrin

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103: 461, 28 Jun 1990.

Holotype: USNM 395933. Skull only. Adult male. Collected 

26 Mar 1963 by D. W. Waller. Original number BCFBL, 

SDXIII-9, [MC: DW 26].

Type Locality: 9°47′N, 85°42′W, Gulf of Nicoya, Pacific coast 

of Costa Rica.

Genus Tursiops Gervais, 1855

Tursiops gillii Dall

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5: 13, 29 Jan 1873.

= Tursiops truncatus gillii Dall, 1873. See Rice (1998:106).

Holotype: USNM 13022. Lower jaws only. [Lyon and Osgood 

(1909:9): Young adult], sex not given. Collected [MC: in 

1872 by C. M. Scammon]. No original number.

Type Locality: Monterey, [Monterey County], California.

Remarks: The holotype was not designated by number in the 

original description, but it was based on a single mandible, and True (1889b:43, footnote) determined that USNM 

13022 was that specimen. Also featured in the description 

was an outline drawn by C. M. Scammon that cannot be 

found.

Tursiops subridens True

Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 27: 638, 1884a.

= Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821). See Hershkovitz 

(1966:54). Mead and Brownell (2005:734) did not list subridens in their synonymy.

Syntype: USNM 16504. Skull [and mounted skeleton] also represented by a cast of the head and a whole-body cast separately numbered as USNM 13317. Male, age not given. 

Collected 24 Jun 1881 by the U.S. Fish Commission. No 

original number.

Syntype: USNM 16505. [Skull and mounted skeleton], also represented by a cast of the head separately numbered as USNM 

13318. Female, age not given. Collected 25 Jun 1881 by the 

U.S. Fish Commission. No original number.

Type Locality: Cherrystone Point, [Northampton County], 

Virginia.

Remarks: USNM 16505 was not listed by number in the original description, but it belongs to the cast, USNM 13318, 

that was. Even though the casts listed above were given in 

the original description, they are to be considered simply as 

representing the syntypes and are not syntypes themselves 

(see ICZN, 1999: Articles 73.1.4, 74.4). The casts associated with USNM 13317 and the head cast associated with 

USNM 13318 cannot be found. The two mounted postcranial skeletons are located in an off-site storage facility, as is 

the whole-body cast associated with USNM 13318.

Family Phocoenidae Gray, 1825

Genus Phocoena G. Cuvier, 1816

Phocaena lineata Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 28: 134, ordered published 29 Jun 

1876.

= Phocoena phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758). See Gaskin 

et al. (1974:1).

Holotype: USNM 12481/15781. [MC: Stuffed skin and skull]. 

Age not given, [True (1889b:120): female]. Collected not 

many months ago by [MC: J. Wallace] and sent to the 

Smithsonian Institution. No original number. [MC: Skin 

cataloged 20 Jan 1876; the skull 16 Jun 1877].

Type Locality: Harbor of New York, [New York].

Remarks: The holotype was not designated by number in the 

original description. Lyon and Osgood (1909:6) determined 

that the specimen listed above was the single specimen upon 

which the description was based. According to the original description, the specimen sent to the Smithsonian was a 

skeleton, but there is no record of it. At one time, a plaster 

cast made from the stuffed skin and cataloged USNM 16255 

also represented the holotype, but it cannot be found, and 

according to the MC, the stuffed skin was destroyed. Somewhere along the line, there was a mix-up with this specimen, as explained in a lengthy undated note from F. W. 

True that is with the skull and that is nicely summarized by 
6 2 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Poole and Schantz (1942:110–111). The skull, supposedly 

removed from the skin, is a Delphinus delphis according to 

J. G. Mead, emeritus curator of marine mammals. The accession record associated with this specimen, 4723, simply 

states 1876, John Wallace, New York City, Delphinus delphis, so it is quite possible that Cope’s holotype of P. lineata

never made it to the Smithsonian, but a Delphinus collected 

about the same time from the Hudson River did and was 

mistaken by Lyon and Osgood (1909:6) to be the holotype 

of P. lineata.

Phocaena vomerina Gill

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 17: 178, ordered published 26 Sep 

1865b.

= Phocoena phocoena vomerina Gill, 1865. See Tomlin 

(1957:703).

Syntype: USNM 4149. Much injured skull (rostrum and part of 

brain case). [Lyon and Osgood (1909:6): Adult], sex not 

given. Collected on unknown date by C. B. R. Kennerly. No 

original number. [MC: Cataloged 6 Jul 1860].

Type Locality: Puget’s (Puget) Sound, [Washington].

Syntype: USNM 4746/4402. Skin and skull. Young, sex not 

given. Collected on unknown date by W. Stimpson. Original 

number [MC: V-364]. [MC: Skin cataloged 13 Apr 1861; 

the skull 20 Apr 1861].

Type Locality: San Francisco, [San Francisco County, California].

Remarks: The syntypes were not designated by number in the 

original description. The specimens listed above are the only 

ones in the collection that have the data given by Gill. The 

type locality for the taxon encompasses both localities given 

above (ICZN, 1999: Article 73.2.3).

Genus Phocoenoides Andrews, 1911

Phocaena dalli True

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 8: 95, 19 Jun 1885a.

= Phocoenoides dalli dalli (True, 1885). See Andrews (1911:34).

Holotype: USNM 21762. Skull only. [Lyon and Osgood (1909:5): 

Adult] male. Collected 13 Aug 1873 by W. H. Dall. Original 

number [MC: 1554].

Type Locality: Strait west of Adakh (Adak) Island, Aleutian 

Group (Islands), Alaska.

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the original description, but measurements of the type skull were 

given by True (1885a:98). True (1889b:125) repeated the 

same measurements and associated them with the type, 

USNM 21762.

Family Physeteridae Gray, 1821

Genus Kogia Gray, 1846

Kogia floweri Gill

Am. Nat. 4: 738, Feb 1871.

= Kogia breviceps (de Blainville, 1838). See Miller (1924:507).

Holotype: USNM 8016. Mandible only. Age and sex not given. 

Collected in 1868 by A. J. Grayson. No original number.

Type Locality: A short distance from Mazatlan, [Sinaloa, Mexico].

Remarks: The holotype was not designated by number in the 

original description, but it was based on a jaw and portrait. 

USNM 8016 is the only specimen in the collection that fits the 

description. The portrait is a watercolor of the entire animal 

and is located in the Division of Mammals Archives Room. 

Kogia goodei True

Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 27: 630 (table) and 641 (list), 1884b. 

Nomen nudum as no description was given.

Kogia goodei Goode

Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. Pt. 1 Mammals. A. Whales Porpoises: 

pl. 2, 1884, as delineated by G. M. Allen (1941:20).

= Kogia breviceps (de Blainville, 1838). See True (1884b: pl. 8, 

fig. 22).

Holotype: USNM 20909. [Skull and skeleton, some intestines, 

larynx, and piece of kidney (not seen) in alcohol]. [Lyon and 

Osgood (1909:4): Adult female]. Collector and date of collection not given. [MC: Received in flesh from H. S. Howland 27 Apr 1883].

Type Locality: [MC: Spring Lake], [Monmouth County], [MC: 

New Jersey].

Remarks: The name Kogia goodei was made available by Goode 

(1884: pl. 2), who figured USNM 13738, a whole-body cast 

made from the original specimen. USNM 20909 comprises 

various parts of the original specimen and therefore is technically the holotype. In addition to the whole-body cast, the 

holotype is also represented by an ink drawing and an oil 

painting. The MC indicated that there was also a cast of the 

head, but it cannot be found. The whole-body cast is located 

at an off-site storage facility; the drawing and painting are 

in the Division of Mammals Archives Room.

Family Iniidae Gray, 1846

Genus Lipotes Miller, 1918

Lipotes vexillifer Miller

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 68(9): 8, 30 Mar 1918.

Holotype: USNM 218293. Skull and cervical vertebrae. Adult 

male. Collected 18 Feb 1916 by C. M. Hoy. No original 

number.

Type Locality: Tung Ting Lake, [Hunan], China.

Family Ziphiidae Gray, 1865

Genus Berardius Duvernoy, 1851

Berardius bairdii Stejneger

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 6: 75, 22 Jun 1883.
NUMBER 646 • 6 3

Holotype: USNM 20992. Skull only. Young, sex not given. Collected fall of last year (1882) by N. Grebnitzky. Original 

number [L. Stejneger] 1520.

Type Locality: Stare Gavan, eastern shore of Bering Island (Ostrov Beringa), [Commander Islands (Komandorskiye Ostrova), Kamchatskiy, Russia].

Remarks: Published as L. Stejneger number 1520; cataloged as 

USNM 20992 on 24 Nov 1883.

Genus Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850

Mesoplodon carlhubbsi Moore

Am. Midl. Nat. 70: 422, Oct 1963.

Holotype: USNM 278031. Entire skull and skeleton, hyoids (larynx), pelvis (not seen), and one eye in alcohol, dorsal fin (not 

seen), and one tip of a fluke (not seen). Adult male. Collected 

25 Jul 1946 [MC: 1945] by C. Hubbs. No original number.

Type Locality: La Jolla, [San Diego County], California, 

32°51′41′′N. Lat., 117°15′19′′W. Long.

Remarks: The year of collection must be incorrect in the original 

description as the specimen was cataloged 5 Sep 1945.

Mesoplodon mirum True

Smithson. Misc. Collect. 60(25): 1, 14 Mar 1913.

= Mesoplodon mirus True, 1913. See Harmer (1919:18).

Holotype: USNM 175019. Skull and partial skeleton. Adult female. Collected 26 Jul 1912 by U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. No 

original number.

Type Locality: [SL: Bird Island Shoal], Beaufort Harbor, [Carteret County], North Carolina.

Remarks: The holotype is also represented by a cast of the head. 

At one time (Poole and Schantz, 1942:115) there was also a 

cast of the whole body, but it cannot be found.

Mesoplodon perrini Dalebout, Mead, Baker, Baker, and van 

Helden

Mar. Mammal Sci. 18: 583, Jul 2002.

Holotype: USNM 504853. Skull and skeleton, [testes (not seen) 

and stomach in fluid, teeth detached with three mounted tooth 

sections, and mounted section of testis]. Adult male. Found 9 

Sep 1978 by G. Carsten and collected and prepared two days 

later by J. G. Mead. Original number [MC: JGM 391].

Type Locality: Carlsbad, [MC: 0.5 mi (0.8 km) south of the 

power plant, San Diego County], California, 33°07′N, 

117°20′W.

Mesoplodon stejnegeri True

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 8: 585, 21 Nov 1885c.

Holotype: USNM 21112. Cranium only. Young, sex not given. 

Collected in 1883 by L. Stejneger. No original number.

Type Locality: Bering Island (Ostrov Beringa), Commander Islands (Komandorskiye Ostrova), [Kamchatskiy, Russia].

Genus Ziphius G. Cuvier, 1823

Hyperodon [sic] semijunctus Cope

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 17: 280, ordered published 26 Dec 

1865b.

= Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823. See True (1910:30). Mead 

and Brownell (2005:741) did not list semijunctus in their 

synonymy.

Holotype: USNM 21975. Skull and skeleton. [True (1885b:586): 

Very young] [True (1910:31): female]. Collected by [SL: 

G. E. Manigault in Mar 1861]. No original number. 

Type Locality: Charleston Harbor, [Charleston County], [SL: 

South Carolina].

Remarks: A holotype was not designated by number in the 

original description, but the name was based on a single 

specimen in the Charleston Museum. This specimen was 

transferred to the USNM on 3 June 1885 and cataloged as 

USNM 21975 on 15 Jul 1885. See True (1885b:586).

Ziphius grebnitzkii Stejneger

Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 6: 77, 22 Jun 1883.

= Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823. See True (1910:30). Mead 

and Brownell (2005:743) did not list grebnitzkii in their 

synonymy.

Holotype: USNM 20993. Skull only. Old [True (1910:31): 

male?]. Collected in fall of last year (1882) by N. Grebnitzky. Original number [L. Stejneger] 1521.

Type Locality: Bering Island (Ostrov Beringa), [Commander Islands (Komandorskiye Ostrova), Kamchatskiy, Russia].

Remarks: The holotype was published as L. Stejneger number 

1521 and cataloged as USNM 20993 on 24 Nov 1883.

Order Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779

Family Phyllostomidae Gray, 1825

Genus Lonchophylla Thomas, 1903

Lonchophylla inexpectata Moratelli and Dias

ZooKeys 514: 76, Jan 2015.

Holotype: USNM 238008. Skin and skull. Adult male. Collected in Jan 1908 by E. 

Garbe. No original number. [SL: Museu Paulista number 2676].

Type Locality: Barra, 12°42′S, 41°33′W, Bahia, Brazil.

Order Rodentia Bowdich, 1821

Family Muridae Illiger, 1811

Genus Batomys Thomas, 1895

Batomys uragon Balete, Rickart, Heaney, and Jansa

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 128: 28, 16 Apr 2015.

Holotype: USNM 458949. In alcohol, skull removed. Old adult male. Collected 25 Apr 

1988 by E. A. Rickart. Original number 2004.

Type Locality: 4 km N, 22 km E Naga City, elevation 1,750 m, 13°40′N, 123°22′E, Mt. 

Isarog, Camarines Sur Province, Luzon Island, Philippines.

Addendum

TABLE A1. Alphabetical list of countries, islands, and provinces or states in which type specimens were collected. From the type collection database, which does not include data for specimens that were transferred to other collections or for those that should be in the 

collection but for which we have no record.

Country Island Province or State Total

American Samoa 1

Andaman and Nicobar Islands 16

Angola 1

Argentina 13

Australia 6

Bahamas 5

Barbados 2

Bolivia 1

Botswana 2

Brazil 21

Brazil? 1

Cameroon 2

Canada Alberta 13

British Columbia 44

Manitoba 5

New Brunswick 1

Newfoundland 3

Northwest Territories 14

Nova Scotia 2

Nunavut 2

Ontario 1

Quebec 13

Saskatchewan 2

Yukon 11

Caroline Islands 3

Central African Republic 1

Chad 1

Chile 6

Appendix A

(Continued)
6 8 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Country Island Province or State Total

China 49

Colombia 21

Costa Rica 27

Cote d’Ivoire 1

Cuba 4

Dominica 4

Dominican Republic 4

Ecuador 4

Ethiopia 2

Fiji 1

France 3

Gabon 1

Germany 1

Ghana 1

Greece 1

Greenland 1

Grenada 1

Guadeloupe 4

Guatemala 28

Haiti 5

Hawaiian Islands 2

Honduras 13

Honduras/Nicaragua 1

India 14

Indonesia Java 4

Kalimantan 73

Sulawesi 43

Sumatra 200

 58

Iran 5

Italy 4

Jamaica 5

Japan 4

Kazakhstan 1

Kenya 148

Korea 6

Lebanon 1

Liberia 7

Libya 24

Locality unknown 8

Malaysia Borneo 9

 26

Mauritania 1

Mexican boundary line Arizona/Sonora 1

Mexico Aguascalientes 1

Baja California 23

Baja California Sur 50

Campeche 13

Chiapas 37

TABLE A1. (Continued)
NUMBER 646 • 6 9

Country Island Province or State Total

Chihuahua 29

Coahuila 22

Colima 16

Distrito Federal 7

Durango 6

Guanajuato 2

Guerrero 22

Hidalgo 7

Jalisco 29

Mexico 12

Michoacán 25

Morelos 3

Nayarit 21

Nuevo Leon 5

Oaxaca 60

Puebla 22

Queretaro 5

Quintana Roo 10

San Luis Potosi 9

Sinaloa 7

Sonora 41

Tabasco 9

Tamaulipas 17

Tlaxcala 1

Veracruz 47

Yucatan 15

Zacatecas 12

Mongolia 1

Morocco 11

Myanmar 42

Namibia 2

Netherlands Antilles 6

Nicaragua 9

Nigeria 1

Norway 2

Pakistan 9

Panama 68

Paraguay 7

Peru 18

Philippines Basilan 4

Bohol Island 1

Cagayan Island 2

Catanduanes Island 3

Guimaras Island 2

Luzon 14

Mindanao 31

Mindoro 10

Palawan 2

Panay 1

Samar 1

Ticao Island 1

 5

(Continued)
7 0 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Country Island Province or State Total

Puerto Rico 5

Romania 1

Russia 27

Saint Kitts and Nevis 1

Saint Lucia 2

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1

Samoa Islands 2

Seychelles 3

Society Islands 1

South America 1

South Shetland Islands 1

Spain 1

Sudan 9

Swan Islands 1

Sweden 1

Switzerland 3

Taiwan 3

Tanzania 9

Thailand 67

Trinidad and Tobago 2

Tunisia 3

Turks and Caicos Islands 1

Uganda 28

United States Alabama 7

Alaska 119

Arizona 129

Arkansas 4

California 196

California/Nevada 1

Colorado 41

Florida 29

Georgia 3

Georgia/South Carolina 2

Idaho 31

Illinois 5

Indiana 1

Iowa 1

Kansas 7

Kentucky 3

Louisiana 6

Maine 1

Maryland 5

Massachusetts 6

Michigan 2

Minnesota 8

Mississippi 2

Missouri 2

Montana 22

Nebraska 11

TABLE A1. (Continued)
NUMBER 646

• 7 1

Country Island Province or State Total

Nevada 29

New Hampshire 4

New Jersey 3

New Mexico 65

New York 6

North Carolina 8

North Dakota 11

Oklahoma 6

Oregon 59

Pennsylvania 13

South Carolina 7

South Dakota 9

Tennessee 1

Texas 80

Utah 49

Vermont 2

Virginia 14

Washington 70

West Virginia 3

Wisconsin 13

Wyoming 56

 2

Venezuela 27

Vietnam 1

Vietnam? 1

West Indies 1

Grand total 3,209

TABLE B1. Alphabetical list of authors of type specimen descriptions. From the type collection database, which does not include data 

for specimens that were transferred to other collections or for those that should be in the collection but for which we have no record.

Author Total

Allen, G. M. 1

Allen, H. 22

Allen, J. A. 50

Alvarez, T. 1

Andersen, K. 12

Anderson, R. P. 1

Anderson, R. P., and E. E. Gutierrez 1

Anderson, R. P., and C. O. Handley Jr. 1

Audubon, J. J., and J. Bachman 1

Bachman, J. 3

Bailey, H. H. 4

Bailey, V. 84

Bailey, V., and J. K. Doutt 1

Baird, S. F. 65

Baker, R. H. 1

Barbour, R. W. 1

Balete, D. S., E. A. Rickart, L. R. Heaney, and S. A. Jansa 1

Barnston, G. 1

Bee, J. W., and E. R. Hall 1

Berlandier, J. L. 1

Bogan, M. A. 1

Booth, E. S. 2

Bowen, W. W. 1

Brandon-Jones, D. 1

Brown, L. N. 1

Burns, J. J. 1

Cabrera, A. 1

Callahan, J. R. 1

Callahan, J. R., and R. Davis 1

Appendix B

(Continued)
7 4 

• SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Author Total

Carraway, L. N. 2

Cary, M. 3

Cassin, J. 1

Caton, J. D. 1

Chapman, F. M. 1

Chapman, J. A., K. L. Cramer, N. J. Dippenaar, and T. R. Robinson 1

Choate, J. R. 1

Cockrum, E. L. 2

Cockrum, E. L., and K. L. Fitch 2

Cockrum, E. L., T. C. Vaughan, and P. J. Vaughan 2

Cooper, J. G. 1

Cope, E. D. 13

Coues, E. 17

Coues, E., and H. C. Yarrow 1

Cragin, F. W. 1

Cuvier, F. 1

Dalebout, M. L., J. G. Mead, C. S. Baker, A. N. Baker, and A. L. van Helden 1

Dall, W. D. 2

Dalquest, W. W., and V. B. Scheffer 3

Davis, W. B. 2

de la Torre, L. 1

de la Torre, L., and A. Schwartz 2

Deleuil, R., and A. Labbe 1

Diersing, V. E. 1

Diersing, V. E., and D. E. Wilson 2

Dieterlen, F. 1

Dobson, G. E. 2

Dozier, H. L. 1

Drake, H., and E. S. Booth 1

Du Chaillu, P. B. 1

Durrant, S. D. 1

Elliot, D. G. 19

Emmons, L. H. 1

Findley, J. S. 1

Garcia-Perea, R. 1

Gardner, A. L. 2

Gardner, M. C. 6

Geoffroy, E. 1

Gill, T. 6

Glass, B. P., and R. C. Morse 1

Goldman, E. A. 295

Goldman, E. A., and M. C. Gardner 2

Goldman, E. A., and R. Kellogg 10

Goode, G. B. 1

Goodwin, G. G. 4

Grubb, P. 1

Hahn, W. L. 1

Hall, E. R. 8

Hall, E. R., and E. L. Cockrum 1

TABLE B1. (Continued)
NUMBER 646 • 7 5

Author Total

Hamilton, W. J., Jr. 3

Handley, C. O., Jr. 25

Handley, C. O., Jr., and K. C. Ferris 4

Handley, C. O., Jr., and L. K. Gordon 2

Handley, C. O., Jr., and E. Mondolfi 1

Handley, C. O., Jr., and R. H. Pine 1

Hardy, R. 1

Harlan, R. 1

Hatfield, D. M. 3

Hayden, F. V. 1

Heaney, L. R. 1

Helgen, K. M., L. E. Helgen, and D. E. Wilson 1

Heller, E. 153

Hershkovitz, P. 13

Hollister, N. 110

Howell, A. B. 21

Howell, A. H. 92

Hubbard, C. A. 1

Hutterer, R., and D. C. D. Happold 1

Jackson, H. H. T. 40

Jameson, E. W., Jr. 1

Jameson, E. W., Jr., and G. S. Jones 2

Johnson, D. H. 10

Johnson, D. H., and J. K. Jones Jr. 4

Jones, J. K., Jr. 1

Jones, J. K., Jr., and D. H. Johnson 1

Kalko, E. K. V., and C. O. Handley Jr. 1

Kellogg, R. 10

Kellogg, R., and E. A. Goldman 2

Kelson, K. R. 2

Kennicott, R. 4

Kloss, C. B. 19

Koopman, K. F. 1

Krutzsch, P. H. 1

Lazell, J. D. 1

LeConte, J. 10

Long, C. A. 2

Lydekker, R. 1

Lyon, M. W., Jr. 132

Mann, G. 3

Mearns, E. A. 82

Medway, L. 3

Merriam, C. H. 658

Miller, G. S., Jr. 485

Miller, G. S., Jr., and G. M. Allen 3

Miller, G. S., Jr., and N. Hollister 37

Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de 1

Moore, J. C. 2

Moore, J. C., and G. H. H. Tate 1

Moratelli, R., and D. Dias 1

Moratelli, R., A. L. Gardner, J. A. De Oliveira, and D. E. Wilson 1

(Continued)
7 6 

• SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Author Total

Moratelli, R., and D. E. Wilson 1

Murie, O. J. 1

Musser, G. G., and L. K. Gordon 1

Musser, G. G., and C. Newcomb 1

Nelson, E. W. 63

Nelson, E. W., and E. A. Goldman 100

Osgood, W. H. 90

Packard, R. L. 1

Paradiso, J. L. 4

Patterson, B. D. 1

Peale, T. R. 12

Perrin, W. F. 1

Peterson, R. L., and J. R. Tamsitt 1

Petter, F. 1

Phillips, C. J. 2

Pine, R. H. 6

Preble, E. A. 18

Prentiss, D. W., Jr. 1

Ranck, G. L. 20

Rausch, R. 1

Ray, J. C., and R. Hutterer 1

Rehn, J. A. G. 3

Rhoads, S. N. 1

Rice, D. W. 1

Rickart, E. A., and L. R. Heaney 1

Robbins, C. B. 2

Robinson, W., and M. W. Lyon Jr. 2

Rossolimo, O. R. 1

Roth, E. L. 1

Rothschild, W. 1

Sanborn, C. C. 1

Saussure, H. M. 1

Scammon, C. M. 1

Schantz, V. S. 10

Scheffer, V. B., and W. W. Dalquest 1

Schlitter, D. A. 1

Schlitter. D. A. and A. F. DeBlase 1

Schlitter, D. A., and H. W. Setzer 7

Schwartz, A. 4

Schwarz, E., and H. K. Schwarz 2

Setzer, H. W. 10

Setzer, H. W., and G. L. Ranck 1

Shamel, H. H. 23

Shipp-Pennock, M. A., W. D. Webster, and D. W. Freshwater 1

Shoemaker, H. W. 1

Shufeldt, R. W. 1

Simmons, N. B. 1

Slack, J. H. 1

Sody, H. J. V. 1

TABLE B1. (Continued)
NUMBER 646 • 7 7

Author Total

Sowerby, A. de C. 2

Spitzer, N. C., and J. D. Lazell Jr. 1

Stejneger, L. 2

Stephens, F. 3

Stone, W., and J. A. G. Rehn 1

Swanepoel, P., and D. A. Schlitter 1

Tate, G. H. H. 3

Tavares, V. Da C., A. L. Gardner, H. E. Ramirez-Chaves, and P. M. Velazco 1

Taylor, W. P. 4

Thomas, O. 11

Townsend, C. H. 11

Trouessart, E. L. 1

Trowbridge, A. H., and H. L. Whitaker 1

True, F. W. 38

Velazco, P. M., and A. L. Gardner 2

Velazco, P. M., A. L. Gardner, and B. D. Patterson 1

Vesmanis, I. 1

Vesmanis, I. E., and A. Vesmanis 10

Wagler, J. G. 1

Warren, E. R. 1

Webster, W. D. 1

Webster, W. D., and C. O. Handley Jr. 1

Weckerly, F. W., A. L. Gennaro, and T. L. Best 1

White, J. A. 1

Wied-Neuwied, M. 1

Wilson, D. E. 3

Woodhouse, S. W. 6

Woodman, N. 5

Woodman, N., and R. M. Timm 1

Yensen, E. 1

Young, R. T. 1

Yourans, E. 1

Grand total 3,180

TABLE C1. Alphabetical list of collectors of type specimens. From the type collection database, which does not include data for specimens that were transferred to other collections or for those that should be in the collection but for which we have no record.

Appendix C

Collector Total

Abbott, J. F. 1

Abbott, W. L. 470

Abert 1

Adams, C. F. 3

Agersborg, G. S. 1

Aggate and E. Heller 1

Akhurst, J. 1

Aldous, C. M. 1

Alexander, W. H. 1

Allen, C. A. 6

Allen, J. A. 1

Amory, C. 1

Anderson, E. 1

Anderson, G. S. 1

Anderson, H. 1

Andrews, R. C. 2

Angle, J. P., and D. Bridge 1

Anthony, A. W. 13

Anthony, H. E. 12

Anthony, R. G. 1

Arata, A. A., and M. E. Thomas 2

Armstrong, F. B. 6

Aschemeier, C. R. 1

Ashcraft, C. E. 1

Attwater, H. P. 2

Axelson, E. M. 1

Ayres, W. O. 1

Badger, G. B. 1

Bailey, A. M., and R. J. Niedrach 2

Collector Total

Bailey, B. 2

Bailey, H. H. 1

Bailey, V. 140

Bailey, V., and B. H. Dutcher 7

Bailey, V., and C. H. Merriam 2

Bailey, V., and M. Surber 1

Bailey, V., and F. Winthrop 6

Baird, S. F. 10

Baker, A. B. 5

Baldwin, W. P. 1

Ball, E. F. 1

Barber, C. 1

Barber, C. M. 3

Barber, G. 1

Barker, J. E. 1

Barnston, G. 1

Bartsch, P. 3

Bates, F. R. 1

Bates, G. L. 2

Baxter, C. W. 1

Beach, T. C. 1

Beccari, O. 1

Beckwith, P. 2

Bee, J. W. 1

Belding, L. 2

Bendire, C. E. 3

Benedict, J. E. 1

Benson, G. M. 1

Berg, W. E. 1

(Continued)
8 0 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Collector Total

Bergen, P. D. 1

Bergh, H. O. 1

Berlandier, J. L. 4

Bicego 1

Birdseye, C. 7

Birt, L. F. H. 1

Bischoff, F. 2

Bloomquist, J. 1

Boettcher, F. L. J. 2

Booth, E. S. 2

Boyle, C. C. 1

Boynton, C. L. 1

Branch, H. S. 6

Bretherton, B. J. 6

Brewer, T. M. 4

Briceño Gabaldon, S. 2

Brimley, C. S. 1

Brooks, A. C. 1

Brown, H. 1

Brown, L. N. 1

Brown, W. L. 3

Brune, F. 1

Bryant, W. E. 2

Bunch, J. R. 1

Bunnell, A. S. 1

Burnam, B. 1

Busck, A. 3

Byers, G. W. 1

Callahan, J. 2

Cantwell, G. G. 11

Carey, J. 1

Carriker, M. A. 1

Carson, R. E. 1

Cary, M. 23

Cassel, J. F., and R. M. Roecker 2

Caton, J. D. 1

Catt, C. 3

Cavileer, C. 2

Celestino, A., and M. Canton 1

Chanler, W. A. 1

Chanler, W. A., and L. von Hohnel 2

Chapman, J. A. 1

Chatelain, H. 1

Clark, E. 1

Clark, J. H. 10

Cluff, H. A. 2

Cole, R. E. 1

Collector unknown 45

Comeau, N. A. 1

Collector Total

Cook, O. F. 1

Coolidge, D. 3

Cooper, J. 2

Cooper, J. G. 8

Cooper, S. 1

Cooper, W. 1

Cope, E. D. 1

Cory, C. B. 1

Couch, D. N. 4

Couch, L. K. 1

Coues, E. 7

Cox, W. T. 1

Crawford, S. W. 1

Cross, C. R. 1

Cunningham, B. L. 3

Currie, R. P. 6

Dalby, P., and F. Welling 1

Dall, W. H. 4

Dalquest, W. W. 3

Darbey, E. W. 1

Davidson, G. 1

Dawson, J. 1

De la Barrera, J. M. 1

de la Escalera, M. M. 1

De Weese, D. 2

Dealy, J. M. 1

Deignan, H. G. 3

Delong, W. F. 1

Deming, O. V. 1

Derickson, S. H. 1

Derry, C. W. 1

Dietz, R. F. 1

Dippie, G. F. 1

Dixon, T. A. 1

Doane, E. 1

d’Oca, R. M. 2

Dow, J. M. 1

Dozier, H. L. 1

Drexler, C. 21

Drury, W. 1

Du Chaillu, P. B. 1

Duges, A. 1

Dutcher, B. H. 7

Edson, C. F. 1

Edwards, E. H. 2

Edwards, M. G. 1

Edwards, V. N. 1

Ehrhardt, H. 1

Eisen, G. 1

TABLE C1. (Continued)
NUMBER 646 • 8 1

Collector Total

Elbel, R. E. 1

Elbel, R. E., and B. Lekagul 1

Emmet, H., C. Emmet 1

Emmons, G. T. 1

Emmons, L. H. 1

Enevoldsen, F. E. 2

Engelmann, G. 1

Erdis, E. C. 2

Evermann, B. W. 1

Fairie, J. 1

Fannin, J. 1

Farley, J. 1

Fast, E. E. 1

Fea, L. 2

Feilner, J. 1

Ferry, J. F. 1

Finley, C. O., and J. Z. Means 1

Fisher, A. K. 21

Fisher, R. T. 1

Fisher, W. K. 10

Fisk, J. W. 1

Flemming, G. 2

Foster, W. T. 5

Fox, C. 1

Frakes, W. 1

Frazier, M. A. 1

Funcke, E. W. 1

Funk, J. 1

Gabb, W. M. 12

Gabrielson, I. N. 1

Gale, D. 2

Garbe, E. 1

Gardner, A. L. 6

Gaumer, G. F. 1

Gaut, J. H. 13

Gaylord, H. A. 3

Geest, J. C. 1

Gellineau, P. 1

Gibbs, G. 1

Gill, M. 1

Gilpin, J. B. 1

Glass, B. P. 1

Goes, A. 1

Goldman, E. A. 125

Goldman, L. C. 9

Goldman, L. J. 14

Golsan, L. S. 2

Gordon, A. L. 1

Goss, B. F. 1

Goussard, S. W. 2

Graetz, E. 1

Collector Total

Graham, D. C. 5

Grasshoff, W. 1

Gray, R. W. 1

Grayson, A. J. 2

Grebnitzky, N. 2

Green, E. C. 2

Green, M. M. 2

Greenhall, A. M. 1

Grinnell, G. B. 1

Guesde, L. 1

Guthrie, L. J. 5

Halloran, A. F. 1

Hamilton, W. J. 2

Hammond, J. F. 1

Hammond, W. A. 2

Handley, C. O., Jr. 6

Handley, C. O., Jr., and B. R. Feinstein 4

Handley, C. O., Jr., and E. P. Nelson 1

Handley, C. O., Jr., and D. I. Rhymer 1

Handley, C. O., Jr., and M. Varn 1

Hanna, M. A. 1

Hansen, C. 1

Hardisty, W. L. 1

Hardisty, W. S. 1

Hardy, R. 1

Hartt, C. F. 1

Hasselborg, A. 2

Hastrup, O. 1

Hatcher, J. B. 1

Hayden, F. V. 9

Hayes, T. 1

Hayward, B. J. 1

Heaney, L. R. 1

Hearst, M. G. 3

Heller, E. 97

Henry, C. J. 1

Henry, I. B. 3

Henshaw, H. W. 2

Herndon, W. L. 1

Herrera, A. L. 1

Hershkovitz, P. 11

Hill, G. 1

Hollister, N. 23

Hollister, N., and C. D. Walcott 3

Holt, E. G. 2

Holzner, F. X. 3

Holzworth, J. M. 1

Hoogstraal, H. 1

Horikawa, Y. 1

Hose, C. 1

Hose, E., and C. Hose 3

(Continued)
8 2 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Collector Total

Howell, A. H. 14

Howland, H. S. 1

Hoy, C. M. 2

Hoy, P. R. 3

Hrdlicka, A. F. 1

Hubbard, C. A. 1

Hubbs, C. L. 1

Hubrick, J. P. 1

Humphreys, J. W. 1

Hurst, J. 1

Hutton, W. 1

Hyland, J. 1

Ingersoll, J. C. 1

Iqbal, M. 1

Jackson, H. H. T. 9

Jackson, R. T. 1

Jackson, R. W. 1

Jackson, W. B. 1

Jameson, E. W., Jr. 2

Jennings, A. H. 1

Jewett, S. G. 5

Johnson, A. 1

Johnson, D. H. 6

Johnson, D. H., and O. A. Muennink 1

Johnson, J. 1

Johnson, W. R. 1

Johnston, M. A. 1

Johnstone, F., and F. Johnstone 1

Jones, C. 1

Jones, C. F., W. N. Collins, and R. Carder 1

Jones, G. S. 1

Jones, J. K., Jr. 1

Jones, J. K., and W. D. Thomas 1

Jordan, D. S. 1

Jouy, P. L. 3

Kaegi, D. N. 2

Kalko, E. K. V. 1

Keays, H. H. 1

Keeler, C. A. 1

Keen, J. H. 5

Keenan, C. M. 1

Kellogg, R. 2

Kennerly, C. B. R. 5

Kennicott, R. 6

Kent, W. R. 2

Kenyon, K. W. 1

Kidder, J. H. 1

Kleineidam, P. 1

Klinikowski, R. F. 1

Collector Total

Kloss, C. B. 25

Knudsen, V. 1

Komarek, E. V. 1

Komarek, R. 1

Kreutzfeldt, F. 3

Kreutzfeldt, F., and E. G. Beckwith 1

Krieger, H. W. 1

Lainson, R. 1

Lambert, C. A. 2

Landberg, R. L. 1

Lawrence, W. H. 2

Lazell, J. D. 1

LeConte, J. E. 9

LeConte, J. L. 1

Leigh, R. 1

Lemmer, F. 1

Leonard, G. 1

Lewis, J. B. 4

Ligon, J. S. 1

Lilly, B. V. 4

Lindsay, D. M. 1

Llewellyn, L. 1

Lloyd, W. 8

Long, C. A., and J. E. Long 1

Loring, J. A. 87

Loring, J. A., and E. Heller 1

Lotore, E. 1

Loukashkin, A. S. 1

Loveridge, A. 1

Luckey, D. H. 1

Lyman, T. 1

Lynn, W. G. 1

Lyon, M. W., Jr., and W. Robinson 1

MacFarlane, R. 5

Mackay, W. G., and G. F. Dippie 3

Mackie, D. B. 3

MacTavish, W. 1

Maddren, A. G. 1

Malaga-Alba, A. 1

Malleis, H. 2

Maltby, H. T. 1

Manigault, G. E. 1

Mann, G. 3

Mansell, F. 1

March, W. T. 2

Markham, B. J. 1

Marsh, C. H. 1

Marshall, W. H. 11

Martenson, M. 1

TABLE C1. (Continued)
NUMBER 646 • 8 3

Collector Total

Martin, M. E. 1

Matson, J. O., W. Bulmer, and R. P. Eckerlin 1

Matson, J. O., and N. Woodman 1

Maynard, C. J. 1

McCarthy, C. S. 1

McCormick, L. M. 1

McDonough, P. 2

McElroy, C. 1

McGee, W. J. 1

McGregor, R. C., and A. Celestino 5

McGuire, G. M. 1

McGuire, J. A. 1

McIlhenny, E. A. 1

McLellan, J. E. 15

Mead, J. G., and G. L. Carsten 1

Mearns, E. A. 79

Mearns, E. A., and F. X. Holzner 26

Menelick, K. O. 1

Merriam, C. H. 12

Merriam, C. H., and V. Bailey 25

Merriam, C. H., and W. B. Devereux 1

Merriam, C. H., and E. W. Nelson 1

Merrill, J. C. 2

Miles, M. 1

Miller, F. W. 2

Miller, G. S., Jr. 2

Mitchell, J. E. 1

Mitchell, J. W. 2

Mollhausen, H. B. 1

Moore, A. W. 4

Moore, H. F. 1

Morrison, J. P. E. 2

Morse, E. S. 1

Moses, M. 1

Mullen, J. 1

Mumford, R. 1

Murdoch, J. 2

Murie, O. J. 3

Murray, A. C. 1

Nelson, E. W. 128

Nelson, E. W., and E. A. Goldman 342

Neumann, R. 2

Newberry, J. S. 2

Niceforo, Maria 1

Norman, H. L. 1

Norton, G. F. 2

Oberholser, H. C. 1

Osgood, W. H. 26

Osgood, W. H., and E. Heller 5

Osgood, W. H., and A. G. Maddren 2

Owens, J. T. 1

Collector Total

Page, T. J. 2

Palache, C. 1

Palmer, E. 1

Palmer, T. S. 10

Palmer, T. S., and C. A. Keeler 1

Palmer, T. S., and E. W. Nelson 1

Palmer, W. 3

Palmer, W., and J. H. Riley 2

Palmer, W. J. 1

Parker, S. 1

Patterson, B. D. 1

Paulson, D. R. 1

Pavlof, W. 1

Peale, T. R. 2

Percival, A. B. 3

Perrygo, W., and C. Lingebach 1

Perrygo, W. M., and H. J. Cole 1

Peters, J. L. 1

Peterson, O. A. 6

Philip, H. 1

Phillips, C. J. 2

Pine, R. H. 3

Pinheiro, F. D. 1

Piper, S. E. 3

Piper, W. F., and W. J. Hamilton 1

Pitcher, J. 1

Poilane, E. 1

Pollard, R. J. 1

Poole, A. J. 1

Potts, J. 1

Preble, A. E. 2

Preble, E. A. 21

Preble, E. A., and A. E. Preble 3

Priour, J. M. 2

Rabor, D. S. 2

Radford, H. V. 1

Ragsdale, G. H. 2

Rainey, P. J. 5

Ranck, G. L. 15

Ranck, G. L., and J. H. Shaw 3

Rausch, R. 1

Raven, H. C. 56

Ray, J. C. 1

Ray, P. H. 3

Rea, A. 1

Reed, H. S. 1

Rice, D. S. 1

Richardson, E. P. 1

Richmond, C. W. 7

Rickart, E. A. 1

Riley, J. H. 3

(Continued)
8 4 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Collector Total

Rindsfoos, W. 1

Risser, A. C. 1

Ritter, W. E. 1

Robb, M. L. 1

Robbins, C. B. 2

Robbins, L. W. 5

Robinson, W. 6

Robinson, W., and M. W. Lyon Jr. 3

Roecker, R. M. 1

Rogers, A. 1

Roosevelt, K. 8

Roosevelt, T. 8

Roth, E. L. 1

Rothrock, J. T. 1

Rothrock, J. T., and H. W. Henshaw 1

Rubio, L. G. 1

Ruckbeil, W. 1

Ruffin, J. N. 1

Rungius, C. 1

Samuels, E. 3

Sartorius, C. 4

Saunders, D. A. 1

Savage, W. G. 2

Scammon, C. M. 4

Scheffer, T. H. 1

Scheffer, V. B. 1

Schmid, P. 3

Schmidt, F. J. W. 1

Schott, A. 8

Schwartz, A., and E. L. Blitch 1

Schwenk, E. A. 1

Sealander, J. A. 1

Seton-Thompson, E. 1

Setzer, H. W. 10

Sharp, G. 1

Sheldon, C. 11

Sheldon, C., and M. May 1

Sheldon, H. H. 2

Shinn, C. H. 1

Shiras, G. 1

Shive, J. 1

Shufeldt, P. W. 2

Shufeldt, R. W. 1

Shumard, G. G. 1

Simpson, W. W. 3

Small, J. 1

Smith, C. H. 1

Smith, F. T. 2

Smith, H. M. 3

Collector Total

Smith, L. B. 1

Smith, T., and G. Geddis 1

Smith, W. G. 1

Smith, W. L. 1

Smithsonian Venezuelan Project 12

Soriano, P. 1

Sowerby, A. de C. 23

Spaulding, W. H. 1

Spear, J. C. 1

Spitzer, N. C. 1

Spreadborough, W. 1

Steere, J. B. 6

Stejneger, L. 8

Stejneger, L., and C. W. Richmond 2

Stejneger, T. 2

Stephens, F. 21

Stephenson, W. J. 1

Stevenson, D. H. 2

Stewart, H. A., and S. E. Piper 1

Stewart, J. T. 1

Stimpson, W. 2

Stock, A. D. 1

Streator, C. P. 66

Sturgis, R. S. 2

Sturgis, R. S., and W. H. Hazlette 1

Suckley, G. 5

Sullivan, J. 3

Sumichrast, F. 5

Surber, M. 1

Swanson, C. 1

Tabb, R. H. 1

Taylor, A. S. 2

Taylor, W. P. 4

Terzenbach, B., and G. Medina 1

Thayer, A. H. 1

Thomas, G. H. 10

Thomas, I. 1

Thomas, M. E., and A. A. Arata 1

Thomas, R. 1

Thompson, J. 1

Thompson, R., and C. Thompson 1

Thompson, R. J. 2

Thompson, Z. 2

Thornton, W. A. 2

Thurber, E. C. 1

Tipton, V. J. 1

Tison, W. L. 1

Todd, A. 1

Toney, L. C. 1

TABLE C1. (Continued)
NUMBER 646 • 8 5

Collector Total

Townsend, C. H. 13

Traill, W. E. 2

Trapier, P. 1

Traub, R. 1

Traub, R., and D. Koelle 1

Trook, G. H. 1

Trowbridge, W. P. 9

True, F. W., and D. W. Prentiss Jr. 1

Tuck, R. G. 4

Turner, B. B. 1

Turner, H. J. A. 3

Turner, L. M. 11

Tuttle, A. L. 1

Ulrich, F. 1

Underwood, C. F. 11

United States Exploring Expedition 4

U.S. Fish Commission “Fish Hawk” 2

Vaden, R. E. 3

Van Dyck, W. T. 1

Van Patten, C. H. 1

Varden, J. 1

Vaughan, T., and P. Vaughan 3

Vollum, E. P. 1

Wailes, B. L. C. 1

Wallace, J. 1

Waller, D. W. 1

Warmbath, J. S. 1

Warren, E. R. 2

Wayne, J. 1

Webster, W. D. 2

Weckerly, F. W. 1

Collector Total

Weems, F. C. 1

Weiss, M. 1

Weldon, R. S. 1

Wesner, W. 1

Wetherby, A. G. 1

Wetmore, A. 5

Whitaker, H. L. 1

White, J. J. 4

White, W. S. 1

Wilder, G. D. 1

Williams, H. E. 1

Wilson, D. E. 3

Wilson, L. M. 1

Winthrop, F., and B. Bailey 1

Wittkugel, E. 2

Wood, D., Jr. 1

Wood, I. 1

Woodhouse, S. W. 5

Woolfe, H. D. 1

Wulsin, F. R. 7

Wurdemann, G. 1

Wyman, L. E. 3

Xantus, J. 6

Yensen, E. 1

Young, R. T. 5

Yourans, E. 1

Zeledon, J. C. 7

Zikan 1

Zollikofer, E. H. 2

Grand total 3,209

TABLE D1. Number of types described listed by decade. From the type collection database, which does not include data for specimens that were transferred to other collections 

or for those that should be in the collection but for which we have no record.

Decade Total

1800s 1

1820s 1

1830s 8

1840s 13

1850s 81

1860s 36

1870s 35

1880s 62

1890s 500

1900s 875

1910s 768

1920s 158

1930s 305

1940s 105

1950s 68

1960s 53

1970s 39

1980s 31

1990s 21

2000s 10

2010s 10

Grand total 3,180

Appendix D

TABLE E1. Summary of specimens reported on in this type catalog series. The complete series contains a total of 3,187 names and 3,269 

specimens.

Catalog Holotypes Lectotypes Neotypes

Syntypes 

(No. specimens)

New since Poole 

and Schantz 

(1942)

Fisher and Ludwig (2012) 798 14 1 7 (30) 41

Fisher and Ludwig (2014) 905 16 2 8 (48) 110

Fisher and Ludwig (2015) 789 26 4 11 (22) 128

This volume 582 16 1 7 (15) 39

Total 3,074 72 8 33 (115) 318

 

Appendix E

Abramov, A. V. 1999. A Taxonomic Review of the Genus Mustela (Mammalia, Carnivora). Zoosystematica Rossica, 8:357–364.

Allen, G. M. 1939. A Checklist of African Mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 

College, 83:1–763.

———. 1941. Pigmy Sperm Whale in the Atlantic. In Papers on Mammalogy Published in Honor of Wilfred Hudson Osgood. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 27:17–36.

Allen, G. M., and B. Lawrence. 1936. Scientific Results of an Expedition to Rain Forest Regions in Eastern Africa. 

III. Mammals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 79:31–125.

Allen, J. A. 1876. Description of a New Generic Type (Bassaricyon) of Procyonidae from Costa Rica. Proceedings 

of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 28:20–24.

———. 1877. Additional Note on Bassaricyon gabbii. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 29:267–268.

———. 1880. History of North American Pinnipeds: A Monograph of the Walruses, Sea-Lions, Sea-Bears, and 

Seals of North America. U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Miscellaneous Publication, No. 11. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23136.

———. 1890. Notes on Collections of Mammals Made in Central and Southern Mexico by Dr. Audley C. Buller, 

with Descriptions of New Species of the Genera Vespertilio, Sciurus, and Lepus. Bulletin of the American 

Museum of Natural History, 3:175–194.

———. 1895. On a Collection of Mammals from Arizona and Mexico, Made by Mr. W. W. Price, with Field Notes 

by the Collector. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 7:193–258.

———. 1897. Preliminary Description of a New Mountain Sheep from the British Northwest Territory. Bulletin 

of the American Museum of Natural History, 9:111–114.

———. 1901. The Generic Names of the Mephitinae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 

14:325–334.

———. 1902a. The Hair Seals (Family Phocidae) of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16:459–499.

———. 1902b. Nomenclatural Notes on American Mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16:159–168.

———. 1904. Mammals from Southern Mexico and Central and South America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 20:29–80.

———. 1919. Notes on the Synonymy and Nomenclature of the Smaller Spotted Cats of Tropical America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 41:341–419.

———. 1924. Carnivora Collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47:73–281.

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———. 1898. Description of a New Deer (Dorcelaphus texanus) from Texas and 

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———. 1901a. Description of a New Ocelot from Texas and Northeastern Mexico. 

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———. 1901c. Two New Cats of the Eyra Group from North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 14:149–151.

———. 1902. The Ocelot Cats. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25:237–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.1286.237.

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9 6 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

———. 1890c. Contributions Toward a Revision of the Little Striped Skunks of the 

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———. 1896a. Preliminary Synopsis of the American Bears. Proceedings of the 

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———. 1896b. Synopsis of the Weasels of North America. North American Fauna, 

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———. 1897a. Descriptions of Two New Pumas from the Northwestern United 

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———. 1897b. Revision of the Coyotes or Prairie Wolves, with Descriptions of 

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———. 1897c. A New Fur-Seal or Sea-Bear (Acrtocephalus townsendi) from Guadalupe Island, off Lower California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of 

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———. 1897d. Description of a New Bassariscus from Lower California, with 

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———. 1897e. Cervus roosevelti, a New Elk from the Olympics. Proceedings of the 

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———. 1897f. Ovis nelsoni, a New Mountain Sheep from the Desert Region of 

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———. 1898a. Mammals of the Tres Marias Islands, off Western Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 12:13–19.

———. 1898b. The Earliest Generic Name for the North American Deer, with Descriptions of Five New Species and Subspecies. Proceedings of the Biological 

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———. 1900b. Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. I. Descriptions of 

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———. 1900c. Descriptions of Two New Mammals from California. Proceedings 

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———. 1901a. Preliminary Revision of the Pumas (Felis concolor Group). Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3:577–600.

———. 1901b. Six New Mammals from Cozumel Island, Yucatan. Proceedings of 

the Biological Society of Washington, 14:99–104.

———. 1901c. Descriptions of Four New Peccaries from Mexico. Proceedings of 

the Biological Society of Washington, 14:119–124.

———. 1901d. A New Brocket from Yucatan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 14:105–106.

———. 1901e. Seven New Mammals from Mexico, Including a New Genus of 

Rodents. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3:559–563.

———. 1901f. Two New Bighorns and a New Antelope from Mexico and the United 

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———. 1902a. A New Bobcat (Lynx uinta) from the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 15:71–72.

———. 1902b. Four New Arctic Foxes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of 

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———. 1902c. Three New Foxes of the Kit and Desert Fox Group. Proceedings of 

the Biological Society of Washington, 15:72–74.

———. 1902d. Two New Bears from the Alaska Peninsula. Proceedings of the 

Biological Society of Washington, 15:77–79.

———. 1902e. Five New Mammals from Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological 

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———. 1902f. Six New Skunks of the Genus Conepatus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 15:161–165.

———. 1903. Eight New Mammals from the United States. Proceedings of the 

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———. 1904a. A New Coyote from Southern Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 17:157–158.

———. 1904b. Four New Bears from North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 17:153–156.

———. 1904c. A New Sea Otter from Southern California. Proceedings of the 

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———. 1905. A New Elk from California, Cervus nannodes. Proceedings of the 

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———. 1910. Ursus sheldoni, a New Bear from Montague Island, Alaska. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 23:127–130.

———. 1914. Descriptions of Thirty Apparently New Grizzly and Brown Bears 

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———. 1916a. Nineteen Apparently New Grizzly and Brown Bears from Western 

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———. 1916b. Ovis sheldoni, a New Mountain Sheep from Sierra del Rosario, Sonora, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 

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———. 1918. Review of the Grizzly and Big Brown Bears of North America (Genus Ursus) with Description of a New Genus, Vetularctos. North American 

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———. 1929. Ursus holzworthi, a New Grizzly from the Talkeetna Mountains, 

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Miller, G. S., Jr. 1899a. Descriptions of Two New Gray Foxes. Proceedings of the 

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———. 1899b. A New Moose from Alaska. Proceedings of the Biological Society 

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———. 1900a. A New Mouse Deer from Lower Siam. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 13:185–186.

———. 1900b. Mammals Collected by W. L. Abbott on Islands in the North China 

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———. 1900c. Mammals Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on Pulo Lankawi and 

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———. 1901a. Mammals Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the Natuna Islands. 

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———. 1901b. A New Deer from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Biological Society 

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———. 1902a. Mammals Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Region of the Indragiri River, Sumatra. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 

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———. 1902b. The Mammals of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24:751–795. http://dx.doi.org

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———. 1902c. A New Pig from Sumatra. Proceedings of the Biological Society of 

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———. 1902d. Two New Malayan Mouse Deer. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 15:173–175.

———. 1903a. Seventy New Malayan Mammals. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 45:1–73.

———. 1903b. Mammals Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the Coast and Islands 

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———. 1903c. Descriptions of Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. Proceedings of 

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———. 1906a. The Mammals Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Rhio-Linga Archipelago. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 31:247–286. 

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———. 1906b. Two New Carnivores from the Malay Peninsula. Proceedings of the 

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———. 1906c. Notes on Malayan Pigs. Proceedings of the United States National 

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———. 1906d. Mammals Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Karimata Islands, 

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———. 1909. A New Carnivore from British East Africa. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 52:485–487.

———. 1910a. A New Carnivore from China. Proceedings of the United States National 

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———. 1910b. Description of a New Species of Hippopotamus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 54(7):1–3.

———. 1911a. Descriptions of Two New Raccoons. Proceedings of the Biological 

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———. 1911b. A New Mouse-Deer from the Rhio-Linga Archipelago. Proceedings 

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———. 1911c. A New Roe-Deer from China. Proceedings of the Biological Society 

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———. 1912a. The Names of Two North American Wolves. Proceedings of the 

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———. 1912b. The Names of the Large Wolves of Northern and Western North 

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NUMBER 646 • 9 7

———. 1912c. List of North American Land Mammals in the United States 

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———. 1912d. A New Chamois from the Apennines. Proceedings of the Biological 

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———. 1913a. Fifty-One New Malayan Mammals. Smithsonian Miscellaneous 

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———. 1913b. A New Cacomistle from Nevada. Proceedings of the Biological 

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———. 1918. A New River-Dolphin from China. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 68(9):1–12.

———. 1924. List of North American Recent Mammals, 1923. Bulletin of the 

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———. 1930. The Supposed Occurrence of an Asiatic Goat-Antelope in the Pleistocene of Colorado. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 82(14):1–2.

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———. 1901. A New Species of Galictis from Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 14:129–130.

———. 1902. A New Species of Elk from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16:1–12.

———. 1912. A New Subspecies of Pronghorn Antelope from Lower California. 

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———. 1914. Description of a New Subspecies of Moose from Wyoming. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 27:71–74.

———. 1930. Four New Raccoons from the Keys of Southern Florida. Smithsonian 

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———. 1932. Remarks on Coyotes, with Description of a New Subspecies from 

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———. 1929a. List of Pumas, with Three Described as New. Journal of Mammalogy, 10:345–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1374125.

———. 1929b. A New Wolf from Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy, 10:165–166. 

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———. 1930a. Six New Raccoons of the Procyon lotor Group. Journal of Mammalogy, 11:453–459. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1373964.

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Index of Taxa

abieticola

Martes, 30

Mustela, 29

abietorum

Vulpes, 17

absarokus

Ursus, 19

abyssinica

Mellivora, 30

Acinonyx

jubatus, 4

raineyi, 4

velox, 4

acrocodia

Felis, 8

actuosa

Martes, 30

Mustela, 30

acutorostrata

Balaenoptera, 58

acutus

Lagenorhynchus, 59, 60

Adenota

alurae, 54

kob, 54

adolfifriderici

Kobus, 54

adustus

Canis, 16

Thos, 16

aequatoria

Ourebia, 55

aequatorialis

Felis, 5

Leopardus, 5

Philantomba, 56

affinis

Helogale, 12

Mustela, 31

africanus

Phacochoerus, 42

alascensis

Mustela, 32

Putorius, 32

Ursus, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26

Vulpes, 17

albescens

Ictonyx, 28

Leopardus, 5

albicauda

Ichneumia, 12

albicaudus

Mungos, 12

albifrons

Arctictis, 9

albimanus

Delphinus, 59

albirostratus

Delphinus, 60

albirostris

Tayassu, 44

albojubatus

Gorgon, 54

Alcelaphus

buselaphus, 53

lelwel, 53

alces

Alces, 48

Canis, 14

Alces

alces, 48

americanus, 48

gigas, 48

shirasi, 48

alleni

Mustela, 31

Putorius, 31

altaica

Procapra, 56

altivallis

Sylvicapra, 57
102 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

alurae

Adenota, 54

ambigua

Spilogale, 36

amblodon

Sagmatias, 60

amblyceps

Ursus, 19

americana

Antilocapra, 53

Martes, 30

Mazama, 49

Mustela, 29, 30

Taxidea, 33

americanus

Alces, 48

Ursus, 19, 20, 21

Ammelaphus

australis, 53

imberbis, 53

amoenus

Tragulus, 45, 46

amphibius

Hippopotamus, 44, 45

angulatus

Dicotyles, 43, 44

Pecari, 44

Tayassu, 44

angustifrons

Spilogale, 36

angustirostris

Macrorhinus, 27

Mirounga, 27

aniakensis

Mustela, 33

Neovison, 33

annectens

Lontra, 29

Oryx, 55

antarcticus

Halichoerus, 27

Antilocapra

americana, 53

mexicana, 53

oregona, 53

peninsularis, 53

sonoriensis, 53

ANTILOCAPRIDAE, 53

Aonyx

capensis, 28

helios, 28

hindei, 28

apache

Felis, 5

Taxidea, 33

Ursus, 20

arborea

Nandinia, 12

arborensis

Potos, 39

arctica

Mustela, 31

Arctictis

albifrons, 9

binturong, 9

niasensis, 9

arcticus

Putorius, 31

Arctocephalus

townsendi, 27

Arctogalidia

bicolor, 9

depressa, 9

fusca, 9

inornata, 9

macra, 9

major, 9

mima, 9

minor, 10

simplex, 9, 10

stigmaticus, 9

sumatrana, 10

tinga, 10

trivirgata, 9, 10

arctos

Ursus, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 

25, 26, 27

arizonae

Ursus, 20

arizonensis

Bassariscus, 38

Felis, 7

Panthera, 7

Vulpes, 18

ARTIODACTYLA, 42

arundivaga

Felis, 8

astutus

Bassariscus, 38

Atilax

paludinosus, 12

rubescens, 12

atnarko

Ursus, 20

attenuata

Stenella, 61

auduboni

Ovis, 55

aureus

Canis, 16

Oreotragus, 55

Thos, 16

auspicatus

Procyon, 40

australis

Ammelaphus, 53

Lagenorhynchus, 60

Phocaena, 60

Spilogale, 37

aztecus

Felis, 8, 9

babi

Sus, 42, 43

baileyi

Canis, 15

Lynx, 6

bairdi

Ursus, 20

bairdii

Berardius, 62

Delphinus, 59

Elasmognathus, 42

Tapirella, 42

Balaena

cisarctica, 58

BALAENIDAE, 58

Balaenoptera

acutorostrata, 58

davidsoni, 58

physalus, 58

BALAENOPTERIDAE, 58

bancanus

Muntiacus, 50

Tragulus, 45

bangsi

Dicotyles, 44

Pecari, 44

barbatus

Sus, 43

Bassaricyon

gabbii, 38

medius, 38

orinomus, 38

Bassaris

raptor, 38

Bassariscus

arizonensis, 38

astutus, 38

campechensis, 38

consitus, 38

insulicola, 38

nevadensis, 38

palmarius, 38

raptor, 38

saxicola, 38

sumichrasti, 38

Bassariscyon

gabi, 38

orinomus, 38

Batomys

uragon, 65

batuanus

Tragulus, 45

Bdeogale

crassicauda, 12

omnivora, 12

bea

Canis, 16

Strepsiceros, 57

Thos, 16

bellicosa

Megaptera, 58

bengalensis

Prionailurus, 7

Berardius

bairdii, 62

beringensis

Vulpes, 17

berlandieri

Taxidea, 33, 34

bicolor

Arctogalidia, 9

billitonus

Tragulus, 45

binotata

Nandinia, 12

binturong

Arctictis, 9

bison

Bison, 54

Bos, 54

Bison

bison, 54

oregonus, 54

bisonophagus

Ursus, 25

boehmi

Equus, 42

bohor

Redunca, 57

borealis

Delphinapterus, 60

Lissodelphis, 60

Urocyon, 16

borneanus

Tragulus, 45

Bos

bison, 54

BOVIDAE, 53

breviceps

Kogia, 62

brevipes

Tragulus, 45

browni

Felis, 8

brunneipes

Paradoxurus, 10

Bubalis

cokei, 53

keniae, 53

kongoni, 53

lelwel, 53

nakurae, 53

roosevelti, 53

bufo

Phacochoerus, 42

bunguranensis

Tragulus, 45

buselaphus

Alcelaphus, 53

bweha

Canis, 16

Thos, 16

cacomitli

Felis, 5

Herpailurus, 5

caesia

Pseudois, 57

californicus

Cervus, 50

Lynx, 6

Odocoileus, 50

Procyon, 40
NUMBER 646

• 103

Urocyon, 16

Ursus, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24

campbelliae

Sylvicapra, 57

campechensis

Bassariscus, 38

Jentinkia, 38

Potos, 39

campestris

Mustela, 30

canadensis

Cervus, 49

Lontra, 28, 29

Lutra, 28, 29

Ovis, 55, 56

Ursus, 26

canaster

Galictis, 28

cancrivorus

Euprocyon, 39

Procyon, 39

canescens

Paradoxurus, 10

Tragulus, 45

CANIDAE, 13

Canis

adustus, 16

alces, 14

aureus, 16

baileyi, 15

bea, 16

bweha, 16

estor, 13

floridanus, 13

frustror, 13

goldmani, 13

gregoryi, 15

hondurensis, 13

hudsonicus, 14

irremotus, 14

jamesi, 14

labradorius, 14

latrans, 13, 14, 15

lestes, 14

ligoni, 14

lupus, 14, 15

mearnsi, 13, 15

mesomelas, 16

microdon, 15

mogollonensis, 14

monstrabilis, 14

nebracensis, 15

notatus, 16

nubilus, 14, 15

occidentalis, 14, 15

pallidus, 15

peninsulae, 15

rufus, 13, 15

schmidti, 16

texensis, 15

thamnos, 14

torquatus, 15

tundrarum, 15

umpquensis, 14

vigilis, 15

youngi, 15

canus

Odocoileus, 51

Paradoxurus, 10

capensis

Aonyx, 28

Delphinus, 59

Ictonyx, 28

Mellivora, 30

Capreolus

melanotis, 48

pygargus, 48

Cariacus

clavatus, 50

couesi, 50

virginianus, 50

caribou

Rangifer, 52

carimatae

Tragulus, 45

carlhubbsi

Mesoplodon, 63

carlottae

Ursus, 20

carminis

Odocoileus, 52

CARNIVORA, 4

carrikeri

Mazama, 49

cascadensis

Vulpes, 17

catalinae

Urocyon, 16

caurina

Martes, 30

Mustela, 30

caurinus

Ursus, 20

cavirostris

Ziphius, 63

celebensis

Sus, 43

celenda

Mustela, 30

centralis

Felis, 6

Panthera, 6

centroamericana

Stenella, 61

Cephalophus

monticola, 56

musculoides, 56

spadix, 54

cerasina

Mazama, 49

cerrosensis

Odocoileus, 51

Cervicapra

chanleri, 57

CERVIDAE, 48

Cervus

californicus, 50

canadensis, 49

elaphus, 49

lewisi, 50

macrotis, 50

merriami, 49

nannodes, 49

nelsoni, 49

nigellus, 49

roosevelti, 49

CETACEA, 58

chanleri

Cervicapra, 57

Redunca, 57

chelan

Ursus, 20

chelidonias

Ursus, 20

Chincha

major, 35

notata, 36

occidentalis, 35, 36

platyrhina, 36

chiriquensis

Potos, 39

CHIROPTERA, 65

chora

Strepsiceros, 57

chrysogaster

Moschus, 48

chui

Felis, 7

cinereoargenteus

Urocyon, 16, 17

cisarctica

Balaena, 58

clavatus

Cariacus, 50

clementae

Urocyon, 17

cokei

Bubalis, 53

colimensis

Urocyon, 17

colocolo

Leopardus, 6

Lynchailurus, 6

colombianus

Tapirus, 42

colonus

Crossarchus, 12

Mungos, 13

columbiana

Martes, 29

columbianus

Odocoileus, 50, 51

colusus

Ursus, 21

concolor

Felis, 8

Puma, 8, 9

conepatl

Conepatus, 35

Conepatus

conepatl, 35

filipensis, 34

leuconotus, 34, 35

mearnsi, 35

mesoleucus, 35

nelsoni, 35

pediculus, 35

semistriatus, 35

sonoriensis, 35

telmalestes, 35

texensis, 35

tropicalis, 35

venaticus, 35

yucatanicus, 35

Connochaetes

mearnsi, 54

consitus

Bassariscus, 38

constrictus

Hippopotamus, 44, 45

cooperi

Felis, 6

Leopardus, 6

costaricensis

Felis, 5

Mustela, 30

Odocoileus, 51

cottoni

Mellivora, 30

couesi

Cariacus, 50

Odocoileus, 50

couguar

Puma, 8, 9

coxi

Felis, 7

crassicauda

Bdeogale, 12

crassidens

Procyon, 40

Pseudorca, 60

crassodon

Ursus, 21

crassus

Dicotyles, 44

Tayassu, 44

Ursus, 21

cressonus

Ursus, 21

cristata

Proteles, 13

cristatus

Sus, 43

crocuta

Crocuta, 13

Crocuta

crocuta, 13

fisi, 13

crooki

Dorcelaphus, 50

Crossarchus

colonus, 12

fasciatus, 12

culbertsoni

Putorius, 31
104 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

cuninghamei

Equus, 42

cupreus

Moschus, 48

dacotensis

Odocoileus, 52

Taxidea, 34

dalli

Ovis, 56

Phocaena, 62

Phocoenoides, 62

Ursus, 21, 24, 26

davidsoni

Balaenoptera, 58

defassa

Kobus, 54

Delphinapterus

borealis, 60

DELPHINIDAE, 59

Delphinus

albimanus, 59

albirostratus, 60

bairdii, 59

capensis, 59

delphis, 59

lateralis, 61

longidens, 59

plagiodon, 61

delphis

Delphinus, 59

dentifer

Galerella, 12

Mungos, 12

depressa

Arctogalidia, 9

derbyanus

Hemigalus, 10

deserti

Sylvicapra, 57

deserticola

Nesotragus, 55

destructor

Lutra, 29

Orca, 60

devius

Vulpes, 18

dialeucos

Ichneumia, 12

Mungos, 12

Dicotyles

angulatus, 43, 44

bangsi, 44

crassus, 44

humeralis, 44

nanus, 44

nelsoni, 44

nigrescens, 44

sonoriensis, 43

yucatanensis, 44

discolor

Puma, 8

Dorcelaphus

crooki, 50

eremicus, 51

hemionus, 51

texanus, 51

dowii

Elasmognathus, 42

dusorgus

Ursus, 21

elaphus

Cervus, 49

Elasmognathus

bairdii, 42

dowii, 42

elata

Spilogale, 36

electra

Peponocephala, 60

elgonae

Thos, 16

ellipsiprymnus

Kobus, 54

eltonclarki

Ursus, 21

enganus

Paradoxurus, 11

Sus, 42

Enhydra

kenyoni, 28

lutris, 28

nereis, 28

EQUIDAE, 42

Equus

boehmi, 42

cuninghamei, 42

quagga, 42

eremicus

Dorcelaphus, 51

Lynx, 6

Odocoileus, 51

Ursus, 19

ereunetes

Ursus, 25

erminea

Mustela, 30, 31, 32

estor

Canis, 13

Mephitis, 36

Eubalaena

glacialis, 58

eulophus

Ursus, 21

Euprocyon

cancrivorus, 39

panamensis, 39

everetti

Tragulus, 46

evergladensis

Mustela, 33

Neovison, 33

eversmanii

Mustela, 31

evexa

Lutra, 28

excelsifrons

Rangifer, 52

excelsus

Procyon, 40

eximius

Ursus, 21

extera

Lutra, 28

faesula

Rupicapra, 57

fasciatus

Crossarchus, 12

Lynx, 6

Tragelaphus, 58

FELIDAE, 4

Felis

acrocodia, 8

aequatorialis, 5

apache, 5

arizonensis, 7

arundivaga, 8

aztecus, 8, 9

browni, 8

cacomitli, 5

centralis, 6

chui, 7

concolor, 8

cooperi, 6

costaricensis, 5

coxi, 7

fortis, 7

fossata, 5

glaucula, 5

goldmani, 6

greeni, 8

hernandesii, 6

hippolestes, 8, 9

incarum, 8

kaibabensis, 8

leo, 6, 7

limitis, 5

mayensis, 8

mearnsi, 5

missoulensis, 8

nandae, 4

nelsoni, 5

notialis, 7

nyanzae, 6

oaxacensis, 5

ocreata, 4

olympus, 9

onca, 7

paraguensis, 7

pardalis, 5

pardus, 7

patagonica, 9

paulensis, 7

pirrensis, 6

puma, 9

roosevelti, 7

sonoriensis, 5

stanleyana, 8

sylvestris, 4

taitae, 4

tinga, 7

ugandae, 4

vancouverensis, 8

veraecrucis, 7

wiedii, 6

youngi, 8

yucatanica, 5

ferox

Mungos, 12

fieldiana

Genetta, 10

filipensis

Conepatus, 34

fisi

Crocuta, 13

flavicollis

Tragulus, 45

flavus

Potos, 39

floridanus

Canis, 13

Ursus, 21

floweri

Kogia, 62

focalinus

Tragulus, 46

formosus

Tragulus, 46

fortidens

Rangifer, 52

fortis

Felis, 7

fossata

Felis, 5

Herpailurus, 5

fraterculus

Urocyon, 17

frenata

Mustela, 30, 31, 32, 33

frenatus

Putorius, 32

frontalis

Stenella, 61

frontata

Mephitis, 36

frustror

Canis, 13

fulvicollis

Tragulus, 46

fusca

Arctogalidia, 9

fuscipes

Procyon, 40

fuscus

Paradoxurus, 11

gabbii

Bassaricyon, 38

gabi

Bassariscyon, 38

gaillardia

Ovis, 56
NUMBER 646

• 105

Galerella

dentifer, 12

orestes, 12

parvipes, 12

sanguinea, 12

Galictis

canaster, 28

vittata, 28

gallarum

Oryx, 55

Gazella

granti, 54, 55

raineyi, 54

roosevelti, 55

serengetae, 55

Genetta

fieldiana, 10

pumila, 10

geronimensis

Phoca, 27

gigas

Alces, 48

gillii

Tursiops, 61

glacialis

Eubalaena, 58

glaucula

Felis, 5

Globicephala

macrorhynchus, 59

Globiocephalus

scammonii, 59

gloveralleni

Procyon, 41

goldmani

Canis, 13

Felis, 6

Mustela, 32

Panthera, 6

Putorius, 32

goodei

Kogia, 62

Gorgon

albojubatus, 54

mearnsi, 54

gouazoubira

Mazama, 49

gracilis

Spilogale, 36, 37

Grampus

griseus, 59

stearnsii, 59

granti

Gazella, 54, 55

Nanger, 55

grebnitzkii

Ziphius, 63

greeni

Felis, 8

gregoryi

Canis, 15

grimmi

Sylvicapra, 57

grimmia

Sylvicapra, 57

grinnelli

Procyon, 40

griseus

Grampus, 59

groenlandicus

Rangifer, 52

guatemalae

Urocyon, 17

gubernator

Lagenorhynchus, 59

guerrerensis

Potos, 39

gulo

Gulo, 28

Gulo

gulo, 28

luscus, 28

vancouverensis, 28

gulosa

Mustela, 30

gutturosa

Procapra, 56

gyas

Ursus, 21

haidarum

Mustela, 32

Putorius, 32

Halichoerus

antarcticus, 27

hallensis

Vulpes, 18

halli

Taxidea, 34

hallorani

Taxidea, 34

harrimani

Vulpes, 18

hebes

Vulpes, 19

helios

Aonyx, 28

Helogale

affinis, 12

parvula, 12

undulata, 12

Hemigale

minor, 10

Hemigalus

derbyanus, 10

minor, 10

hemionus

Dorcelaphus, 51

Odocoileus, 50, 51

henshawi

Ursus, 21

hermaphroditus

Paradoxurus, 10, 11

hermaproditus

Paradoxurus, 11

hernandesii

Felis, 6

hernandezii

Procyon, 39, 40, 41

Herpailurus

cacomitli, 5

fossata, 5

yagouaroundi, 5

HERPESTIDAE, 12

hiltonensis

Odocoileus, 52

hindei

Aonyx, 28

Madoqua, 54

hippolestes

Felis, 8, 9

HIPPOPOTAMIDAE, 44

Hippopotamus

amphibius, 44, 45

constrictus, 44, 45

kiboko, 44

Hippotragus

roosevelti, 54

hirtus

Procyon, 40

hollisteri

Leo, 7

Panthera, 7

holzworthi

Ursus, 22

hondurensis

Canis, 13

hoots

Ursus, 22

horriaeus

Ursus, 22

horribilis

Ursus, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 

25, 26, 27

hosei

Tragulus, 48

hudsonicus

Canis, 14

humeralis

Dicotyles, 44

Tayassu, 44

HYAENIDAE, 13

Hyperodon

semijunctus, 63

ibeana

Ichneumia, 12

Ichneumia

albicauda, 12

dialeucos, 12

ibeana, 12

Icticyon

panamensis, 16

Ictonyx

albescens, 28

capensis, 28

striatus, 28

idahoensis

Ursus, 22

imberbis

Ammelaphus, 53

imperator

Ursus, 22

impiger

Ursus, 23

incarum

Felis, 8

incautus

Procyon, 40

indianola

Spilogale, 37

indica

Viverricula, 11

inexpectata

Lonchophylla, 65

ingens

Lutreola, 33

Neovison, 33

INIIDAE, 62

innuitus

Ursus, 22

Vulpes, 18

inopinatus

Vetularctos, 27

inornata

Arctogalidia, 9

inseperatus

Procyon, 40

insularis

Procyon, 40

Ursus, 21

insulicola

Bassariscus, 38

interrupta

Spilogale, 37

iowa

Lutra, 29

iowae

Taxidea, 34

irremotus

Canis, 14

isthmica

Nasua, 39

isthmicus

Potos, 39

jacksoni

Taxidea, 34

jamesi

Canis, 14

javanicus

Tragulus, 46

jeffersonii

Taxidea, 33, 34

Jentinkia

campechensis, 38

sumichrasti, 38

jubatulus

Sus, 43

jubatus

Acinonyx, 4

Sus, 43

jugularis

Tragulus, 46
106 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

kadiacensis

Mustela, 31

Putorius, 31

kaibabensis

Felis, 8

kanchil

Tragulus, 45, 46, 47, 48

kaneii

Mustela, 32

Putorius, 32

kenaiensis

Ursus, 22

Vulpes, 18

keniae

Bubalis, 53

kennerleyi

Ursus, 23

kenyoni

Enhydra, 28

kiboko

Hippopotamus, 44

kidderi

Ursus, 23

kirki

Rhynchotragus, 54

klamathensis

Ursus, 23

kluane

Ursus, 23

kob

Adenota, 54

Kobus, 54

Kobus

adolfifriderici, 54

defassa, 54

ellipsiprymnus, 54

kob, 54

kuru, 54

raineyi, 54

thikae, 54

thomasi, 54

kodiacensis

Lontra, 28

Lutra, 28

Kogia

breviceps, 62

floweri, 62

goodei, 62

kongoni

Bubalis, 53

kuru

Kobus, 54

kwakiutl

Ursus, 23

labradorius

Canis, 14

lacustris

Lutreola, 33

Neovison, 33

Lagenorhynchus

acutus, 59, 60

australis, 60

gubernator, 59

obliquidens, 59

perspicillatus, 60

lagopus

Vulpes, 17, 18, 19

lampensis

Tragulus, 46

lancavensis

Tragulus, 46

largha

Phoca, 27

larvata

Paguma, 10

Latax

lutris, 28

nereis, 28

lataxina

Lontra, 29

lateralis

Delphinus, 61

latifrons

Spilogale, 37

Ursus, 25

latrans

Canis, 13, 14, 15

lelwel

Alcelaphus, 53

Bubalis, 53

leo

Felis, 6, 7

Leo, 7

Panthera, 6, 7

Leo

hollisteri, 7

leo, 7

Leopardus

aequatorialis, 5

albescens, 5

colocolo, 6

cooperi, 6

nelsoni, 5

oaxacensis, 5

pardalis, 5

pirrensis, 6

sonoriensis, 5

wiedii, 5, 6

wolffsohni, 6

yucatanicus, 5

leptus

Putorius, 32

lestes

Canis, 14

letifera

Mustela, 33

Neovison, 33

leuconotus

Conepatus, 34, 35

leucoparia

Mustela, 32

Putorius, 32

Spilogale, 36, 37

lewisi

Cervus, 50

lignicolor

Paradoxurus, 11

ligoni

Canis, 14

limitis

Felis, 5

lineata

Phocaena, 61

lineiventer

Mustela, 31

Lipotes

vexillifer, 62

Lissodelphis

borealis, 60

litoreus

Procyon, 40

littoralis

Taxidea, 34

Urocyon, 16, 17

Vulpes, 17

Lonchophylla

inexpectata, 65

longicauda

Mustela, 31

longicaudus

Lontra, 29

longidens

Delphinus, 59

longipes

Tragulus, 46

longirostris

Stenella, 61

Lontra

annectens, 29

canadensis, 28, 29

kodiacensis, 28

lataxina, 29

longicaudus, 29

mira, 29

pacifica, 28, 29

lotor

Procyon, 40, 41

lucasana

Spilogale, 37

lupus

Canis, 14, 15

luscus

Gulo, 28

luteicollis

Tragulus, 46

lutescens

Tragulus, 46

lutra

Lutra, 29

Lutra

canadensis, 28, 29

destructor, 29

evexa, 28

extera, 28

iowa, 29

kodiacensis, 28

lutra, 29

mira, 29

nexa, 28

optiva, 29

preblei, 29

repanda, 29

stejnegeri, 29

texensis, 29

vancouverensis, 29

yukonensis, 29

Lutreola

ingens, 33

lacustris, 33

macrodon, 33

vison, 33

lutris

Enhydra, 28

Latax, 28

lymani

Mustela, 31

Lynchailurus

colocolo, 6

wolffsohni, 6

Lynx

baileyi, 6

californicus, 6

eremicus, 6

fasciatus, 6

pallescens, 6

rufus, 6

uinta, 6

macfarlani

Ursus, 23

macra

Arctogalidia, 9

macrodens

Phoca, 27

macrodon

Lutreola, 33

Neovison, 33

Ursus, 23

Macrorhinus

angustirostris, 27

macrorhynchus

Globicephala, 59

macrotis

Cervus, 50

Vulpes, 18, 19

macroura

Mephitis, 36

Vulpes, 19

macrourus

Vulpes, 19

Madoqua

hindei, 54

magister

Ursus, 23

major

Arctogalidia, 9

Chincha, 35

Mephitis, 35

malaccensis

Viverricula, 11

marinus

Procyon, 41

maritimus

Procyon, 41
NUMBER 646

• 107

Martes

abieticola, 30

actuosa, 30

americana, 30

caurina, 30

columbiana, 29

pennanti, 29

martirensis

Spilogale, 37

masae

Tragulus, 48

massaica

Panthera, 7

massaicus

Phacochoerus, 42

mayensis

Felis, 8

maynardi

Procyon, 41

Mazama

americana, 49

carrikeri, 49

cerasina, 49

gouazoubira, 49

pandora, 49

permira, 49

reperticia, 49, 50

tema, 49

temama, 49, 50

mcmillani

Thos, 16

mearnsi

Canis, 13, 15

Conepatus, 35

Connochaetes, 54

Felis, 5

Gorgon, 54

medius

Bassaricyon, 38

megalotis

Otocyon, 16

Potos, 39

Megaptera

bellicosa, 58

novaeangliae, 58

melanotis

Capreolus, 48

Mellivora

abyssinica, 30

capensis, 30

cottoni, 30

sagulata, 30

mendocinensis

Ursus, 24

MEPHITIDAE, 34

mephitis

Mephitis, 35, 36

Mephitis

estor, 36

frontata, 36

macroura, 36

major, 35

mephitis, 35, 36

milleri, 36

nigra, 36

notata, 36

occidentalis, 36

meridana

Mustela, 31

merriami

Cervus, 49

Taxidea, 34

mesoleucus

Conepatus, 35

mesomelas

Canis, 16

Thos, 16

Mesoplodon

carlhubbsi, 63

mirum, 63

mirus, 63

perrini, 63

stejnegeri, 63

mexicana

Antilocapra, 53

Ovis, 56

Procyon, 40

mexicanus

Ovis, 56

michnoi

Mustela, 31

microdon

Canis, 15

Ourebia, 55

Spilogale, 37

middendorffi

Ursus, 24

milleri

Mephitis, 36

Paradoxurus, 11

mima

Arctogalidia, 9

mimus

Sus, 43

minor

Arctogalidia, 10

Hemigale, 10

Hemigalus, 10

Paradoxurus, 11

Procyon, 41

miquihuanensis

Odocoileus, 52

mira

Lontra, 29

Lutra, 29

mirabilis

Ursus, 24

Mirounga

angustirostris, 27

mirum

Mesoplodon, 63

mirus

Mesoplodon, 63

Ursus, 24

missoulensis

Felis, 8

mogollonensis

Canis, 14

molaris

Nasua, 39

monstrabilis

Canis, 14

montana

Ourebia, 55

Ovis, 56

Taxidea, 34

monticola

Cephalophus, 56

moschatus

Nesotragus, 55

MOSCHIDAE, 48

moschiferus

Moschus, 48

Moschus

chrysogaster, 48

cupreus, 48

moschiferus, 48

parvipes, 48

mungo

Mungos, 13

Mungos

albicaudus, 12

colonus, 13

dentifer, 12

dialeucos, 12

ferox, 12

mungo, 13

orestes, 12

paludinosus, 12

parvipes, 12

rubescens, 12

sanguineus, 12

Muntiacus

bancanus, 50

muntjak, 50

rubidus, 50

muntjak

Muntiacus, 50

muricus

Mustela, 32

MURIDAE, 65

musanga

Paradoxurus, 10, 11

musculoides

Cephalophus, 56

Philantomba, 56

Mustela

abieticola, 29

actuosa, 30

affinis, 31

alascensis, 32

alleni, 31

americana, 29, 30

aniakensis, 33

arctica, 31

campestris, 30

caurina, 30

celenda, 30

costaricensis, 30

erminea, 30, 31, 32

evergladensis, 33

eversmanii, 31

frenata, 30, 31, 32, 33

goldmani, 32

gulosa, 30

haidarum,32 

kadiacensis, 31

kaneii, 32

letifera, 33

leucoparia, 32

lineiventer, 31

longicauda, 31

lymani, 31

meridana, 31

michnoi, 31

muricus, 32

nesophila, 30

nivalis, 30

olivacea, 31

olympica, 31

oregonensis, 33

origenes, 30

panamensis, 31

peninsulae, 31

perda, 32

perotae, 31

primulina, 31

saturata, 32

streatori, 32

tiarata, 31

tropicalis, 32

vison, 33

washingtoni, 33

MUSTELIDAE, 28

muticus

Vulpes, 19

nakurae

Bubalis, 53

nandae

Felis, 4

Nandinia

arborea, 12

binotata, 12

NANDINIIDAE, 12

Nanger

granti, 55

notata, 54

petersii, 55

nannodes

Cervus, 49

nanus

Dicotyles, 44

Tayassu, 44

napu

Tragulus, 45, 46, 47, 48

narica

Nasua, 39

Nasua

isthmica, 39

molaris, 39

narica, 39

nelsoni, 39

richmondi, 39

tamaulipensis, 39
108 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

natunae

Tragulus, 46

natunensis

Sus, 43

navaho

Ursus, 24

nayaur

Pseudois, 57

nebracensis

Canis, 15

necator

Vulpes, 19

negans

Vormela, 34

neglecta

Taxidea, 33

neglectus

Ursus, 23

nelsoni

Cervus, 49

Conepatus, 35

Dicotyles, 44

Felis, 5

Leopardus, 5

Nasua, 39

Odocoileus, 51

Ovis, 56

Pecari, 44

Ursus, 24

nemoralis

Odocoileus, 50, 51

Nemorhoedus

palmeri, 55

neomexicanus

Vulpes, 18

Neovison

aniakensis, 33

evergladensis, 33

ingens, 33

lacustris, 33

letifera, 33

macrodon, 33

vison, 33

nereis

Enhydra, 28

Latax, 28

nesophila

Mustela, 30

Nesotragus

deserticola, 55

moschatus, 55

nevadensis

Bassariscus, 38

Taxidea, 34

Vulpes, 18

nexa

Lutra, 28

niadensis

Sus, 43

niasensis

Arctictis, 9

niasis

Tragulus, 46

nicobaricus

Sus, 43

nigellus

Cervus, 49

Rusa, 49

nigra

Mephitis, 36

nigrescens

Dicotyles, 44

Pecari, 44

nigribarbis

Odocoileus, 52

nigricollis

Tragulus, 46

nigrirostris

Urocyon, 17

nigrocinctus

Tragulus, 46, 47

nivalis

Mustela, 30

nocturnus

Potos, 39

nortoni

Ursus, 24

notata

Chincha, 36

Mephitis, 36

Nanger, 54

notatus

Canis, 16

Thos, 16

notialis

Felis, 7

novaeangliae

Megaptera, 58

nubilus

Canis, 14, 15

nuchek

Ursus, 24

nyanzae

Felis, 6

Panthera, 6

nyikae

Rhynchotragus, 54

oaxacensis

Felis, 5

Leopardus, 5

Odocoileus, 52

obliquidens

Lagenorhynchus, 59

occidentalis

Canis, 14, 15

Chincha, 35, 36

Mephitis, 36

ochotensis

Phoca, 27

ochraceus

Procyon, 41

ochrourus

Odocoileus, 52

ocreata

Felis, 4

Odocoileus

californicus, 50

canus, 51

carminis, 52

cerrosensis, 51

columbianus, 50, 51

costaricensis, 51

couesi, 50

dacotensis, 52

eremicus, 51

hemionus, 50, 51

hiltonensis, 52

miquihuanensis, 52

nelsoni, 51

nemoralis, 50, 51

nigribarbis, 52

oaxacensis, 52

ochrourus, 52

scaphiotus, 51

seminolus, 52

sheldoni, 51

sitkensis, 51

taurinsulae, 52

texanus, 51

thomasi, 51

truei, 50

venatorius, 52

veraecrucis, 52

virginianus, 50, 51, 52

oi

Sus, 43

olivacea

Mustela, 31

olivaceus

Tragelaphus, 58

olympica

Mustela, 31

olympus

Felis, 9

omnivora

Bdeogale, 12

onca

Felis, 7

Panthera, 6, 7

ophrus

Ursus, 24

optiva

Lutra, 29

orbicularis

Sylvicapra, 57

Orca

destructor, 60

oregona

Antilocapra, 53

oregonensis

Mustela, 33

Putorius, 33

oregonus

Bison, 54

oreotragus

Oreotragus, 55

Oreotragus

aureus, 55

oreotragus, 55

orestes

Galerella, 12

Mungos, 12

orgiloides

Ursus, 24

orgilos

Ursus, 24

oribasus

Ursus, 25

origenes

Mustela, 30

orinomus

Bassaricyon, 38

Bassariscyon, 38

Urocyon, 17

Oryx

annectens, 55

gallarum, 55

OTARIIDAE, 27

Otocyon

megalotis, 16

virgatus, 16

Ourebia

aequatoria, 55

microdon, 55

montana, 55

Ovis

auduboni, 55

canadensis, 55, 56

dalli, 56

gaillardia, 56

mexicana, 56

mexicanus, 56

montana, 56

nelsoni, 56

sheldoni, 56

texianus, 56

weemsi, 56

Ozanna

roosevelti, 54

pacifica

Lontra, 28, 29

Procyon, 41

pacificus

Procyon, 41

padangus

Paradoxurus, 11

Paguma

larvata, 10

robusta, 10

pallasi

Ursus, 25

pallens

Paradoxurus, 11

pallescens

Lynx, 6

pallidus

Canis, 15

Procyon, 41

Tragulus, 47

palmarius

Bassariscus, 38

palmeri

Nemorhoedus, 55

paludinosus

Atilax, 12

Mungos, 12

panamensis

Euprocyon, 39
NUMBER 646

• 109

Icticyon, 16

Mustela, 31

Procyon, 39

Speothos, 16

pandora

Mazama, 49

Panthera

arizonensis, 7

centralis, 6

goldmani, 6

hollisteri, 7

leo, 6, 7

massaica, 7

nyanzae, 6

onca, 6, 7

paraguensis, 7

pardus, 7

veraecrucis, 7

Paradoxurus

brunneipes, 10

canescens, 10

canus, 10

enganus, 11

fuscus, 11

hermaphroditus, 10, 11

hermaproditus, 11

lignicolor, 11

milleri, 11

minor, 11

musanga, 10, 11

padangus, 11

pallens, 11

parvus, 11

pugnax, 11

pulcher, 11

ravus, 11

robustus, 10

sacer, 11

senex, 11

simplex, 11

paraguensis

Felis, 7

Panthera, 7

parallelus

Tragulus, 47

pardalis

Felis, 5

Leopardus, 5

pardus

Felis, 7

Panthera, 7

parvidens

Urocyon, 17

parvipes

Galerella, 12

Moschus, 48

Mungos, 12

parvula

Helogale, 12

parvus

Paradoxurus, 11

patagonica

Felis, 9

paulensis

Felis, 7

pecari

Tayassu, 44

Pecari

angulatus, 44

bangsi, 44

nelsoni, 44

nigrescens, 44

pectoralis

Phocaena, 60

pediculus

Conepatus, 35

pellyensis

Ursus, 25

peninsulae

Canis, 15

Mustela, 31

peninsularis

Antilocapra, 53

Sus, 43

pennanti

Martes, 29

Peponocephala

electra, 60

perda

Mustela, 32

perdus

Putorius, 32

peregusna

Vormela, 34

perflavus

Tragulus, 47

PERISSODACTYLA, 42

permira

Mazama, 49

perotae

Mustela, 31

perrini

Mesoplodon, 63

perspicillatus

Lagenorhynchus, 60

perturbans

Ursus, 25

pervagor

Ursus, 25

petersii

Nanger, 55

Phacochoerus

africanus, 42

bufo, 42

massaicus, 42

phaeonyx

Ursus, 22, 25

phenax

Spilogale, 37

Philantomba

aequatorialis, 56

musculoides, 56

Phoca

geronimensis, 27

largha, 27

macrodens, 27

ochotensis, 27

pribilofensis, 27

richardii, 27

stejnegeri, 27

vitulina, 27

Phocaena

australis, 60

dalli, 62

lineata, 61

pectoralis, 60

vomerina, 62

PHOCIDAE, 27

phocoena

Phocoena, 61, 62

Phocoena

phocoena, 61, 62

vomerina, 62

PHOCOENIDAE, 61

Phocoenoides

dalli, 62

phylarchus

Rangifer, 53

PHYLLOSTOMIDAE, 65

physalus

Balaenoptera, 58

PHYSETERIDAE, 62

pinius

Tragulus, 47

pirrensis

Felis, 6

Leopardus, 6

plagiodon

Delphinus, 61

planiceps

Ursus, 25

platyrhina

Chincha, 36

Potos

arborensis, 39

campechensis, 39

chiriquensis, 39

flavus, 39

guerrerensis, 39

isthmicus, 39

megalotis, 39

nocturnus, 39

preblei

Lutra, 29

pretiellus

Tragulus, 47

pretiosus

Tragulus, 47

pribilofensis

Phoca, 27

Vulpes, 19

primulina

Mustela, 31

Prionailurus

bengalensis, 7

sumatranus, 7

Procapra

altaica, 56

gutturosa, 56

Procyon

auspicatus, 40

californicus, 40

cancrivorus, 39

crassidens, 40

excelsus, 40

fuscipes, 40

gloveralleni, 41

grinnelli, 40

hernandezii, 39, 40, 41

hirtus, 40

incautus, 40

inseperatus, 40

insularis, 40

litoreus, 40

lotor, 40, 41

marinus, 41

maritimus, 41

maynardi, 41

mexicana, 40

minor, 41

ochraceus, 41

pacifica, 41

pacificus, 41

pallidus, 41

panamensis, 39

psora, 40, 41

pumilus, 41

pygmaeus, 42

shufeldti, 41

solutus, 41

vancouverensis, 41

varius, 41

vicinus, 40

PROCYONIDAE, 38

Proteles

cristata, 13

termes, 13

Pseudois

caesia, 57

nayaur, 57

Pseudorca

crassidens, 60

psora

Procyon, 40, 41

pugnax

Paradoxurus, 11

pulchellus

Ursus, 25

pulcher

Paradoxurus, 11

puma

Felis, 9

Puma, 9

Puma

concolor, 8, 9

couguar, 8, 9

discolor, 8

puma, 9

pumila

Genetta, 10

pumilus

Procyon, 41

putorius

Spilogale, 37

Putorius

alascensis, 32

alleni, 31

arcticus, 31

culbertsoni, 31
110 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Putorius (continued)

frenatus, 32

goldmani, 32

haidarum, 32

kadiacensis, 31

kaneii, 32

leptus, 32

leucoparia, 32

oregonensis, 33

perdus, 32

richardsoni, 32

saturatus, 32

streatori, 32

tropicalis, 32

washingtoni, 33

xanthogenys, 33

pygargus

Capreolus, 48

pygmaea

Spilogale, 37

pygmaeus

Procyon, 42

quagga

Equus, 42

raineyi

Acinonyx, 4

Gazella, 54

Kobus, 54

Rangifer

caribou, 52

excelsifrons, 52

fortidens, 52

groenlandicus, 52

phylarchus, 53

tarandus, 52, 53

raptor

Bassaris, 38

Bassariscus, 38

ravulus

Tragulus, 47

ravus

Paradoxurus, 11

Tragulus, 46, 47

redunca

Redunca, 57

Redunca

bohor, 57

chanleri, 57

redunca, 57

tohi, 57

regalis

Vulpes, 19

repanda

Lutra, 29

reperticia

Mazama, 49, 50

rhionis

Sus, 43

Rhynchotragus

kirki, 54

nyikae, 54

richardii

Phoca, 27

richardsoni

Putorius, 32

richmondi

Nasua, 39

ringens

Spilogale, 37

Tayassu, 44

robusta

Paguma, 10

robustus

Paradoxurus, 10

RODENTIA, 65

rogersi

Ursus, 25

roosevelti

Bubalis, 53

Cervus, 49

Felis, 7

Gazella, 55

Hippotragus, 54

Ozanna, 54

Sylvicapra, 57

rubescens

Atilax, 12

Mungos, 12

rubeus

Tragulus, 47

rubidus

Muntiacus, 50

rufulus

Tragulus, 46, 47

rufus

Canis, 13, 15

Lynx, 6

rungiusi

Ursus, 25

rupicapra

Rupicapra, 57

Rupicapra

faesula, 57

rupicapra, 57

Rusa

nigellus, 49

russeus

Tragulus, 47

russulus

Tragulus, 47, 48

sacer

Paradoxurus, 11

sagittalis

Ursus, 25

Sagmatias

amblodon, 60

sagulata

Mellivora, 30

sanguinea

Galerella, 12

sanguineus

Mungos, 12

santacruzae

Urocyon, 17

saturata

Mustela, 32

saturatus

Putorius, 32

saxatilis

Spilogale, 37

saxicola

Bassariscus, 38

scammonii

Globiocephalus, 59

scaphiotus

Odocoileus, 51

schmidti

Canis, 16

schwenkii

Ursus, 20

scottii

Urocyon, 17

scriptus

Tragelaphus, 58

scrofa

Sus, 42, 43

sebucus

Tragulus, 48

Selenarctos

thibetanus, 19

wulsini, 19

selkirki

Ursus, 26

semijunctus

Hyperodon, 63

seminolus

Odocoileus, 52

semistriatus

Conepatus, 35

senex

Paradoxurus, 11

serengetae

Gazella, 55

sheldoni

Odocoileus, 51

Ovis, 56

Ursus, 26

shirasi

Alces, 48

Ursus, 26

shoshone

Ursus, 20

shufeldti

Procyon, 41

Sibbaldius

tectirostris, 58

simplex

Arctogalidia, 9, 10

Paradoxurus, 11

sitkensis

Odocoileus, 51

Ursus, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26

solutus

Procyon, 41

sonoriensis

Antilocapra, 53

Conepatus, 35

Dicotyles, 43

Felis, 5

Leopardus, 5

Taxidea, 34

spadix

Cephalophus, 54

Speothos

panamensis, 16

venaticus, 16

Spilogale

ambigua, 36

angustifrons, 36

australis, 37

elata, 36

gracilis, 36, 37

indianola, 37

interrupta, 37

latifrons, 37

leucoparia, 36, 37

lucasana, 37

martirensis, 37

microdon, 37

phenax, 37

putorius, 37

pygmaea, 37

ringens, 37

saxatilis, 37

tenuis, 37

tropicalis, 36

spiradens

Tayassu, 44

stanleyana

Felis, 8

stearnsii

Grampus, 59

stejnegeri

Lutra, 29

Mesoplodon, 63

Phoca, 27

Stenella

attenuata, 61

centroamericana, 61

frontalis, 61

longirostris, 61

stigmaticus

Arctogalidia, 9

stikeenensis

Ursus, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26

streatori

Mustela, 32

Putorius, 32

strepsiceros

Strepsiceros, 57

Strepsiceros

bea, 57

chora, 57

strepsiceros, 57

striatus

Ictonyx, 28

subridens

Tursiops, 61

subrufus

Tragulus, 48

SUIDAE, 42
NUMBER 646

• 111

sumatrana

Arctogalidia, 10

sumatranus

Prionailurus, 7

sumichrasti

Bassariscus, 38

Jentinkia, 38

Sus

babi, 42, 43

barbatus, 43

celebensis, 43

cristatus, 43

enganus, 42

jubatulus, 43

jubatus, 43

mimus, 43

natunensis, 43

niadensis, 43

nicobaricus, 43

oi, 43

peninsularis, 43

rhionis, 43

scrofa, 42, 43

tuancus, 43

vittatus, 42, 43

sylvestris

Felis, 4

Sylvicapra

altivallis, 57

campbelliae, 57

deserti, 57

grimmi, 57

grimmia, 57

orbicularis, 57

roosevelti, 57

tahltanicus

Ursus, 26

taitae

Felis, 4

tamaulipensis

Nasua, 39

Tapirella

bairdii, 42

TAPIRIDAE, 42

Tapirus

colombianus, 42

terrestris, 42

tarandus

Rangifer, 52, 53

taurinsulae

Odocoileus, 52

Taxidea

americana, 33

apache, 33

berlandieri, 33, 34

dacotensis, 34

halli, 34

hallorani, 34

iowae, 34

jacksoni, 34

jeffersonii, 33, 34

littoralis, 34

merriami, 34

montana, 34

neglecta, 33

nevadensis, 34

sonoriensis, 34

taxus, 33, 34

taxus

Taxidea, 33, 34

Tayassu

albirostris, 44

angulatus, 44

crassus, 44

humeralis, 44

nanus, 44

pecari, 44

ringens, 44

spiradens, 44

yucatanensis, 44

TAYASSUIDAE, 43

tectirostris

Sibbaldius, 58

telmalestes

Conepatus, 35

tema

Mazama, 49

temama

Mazama, 49, 50

tenuirostris

Vulpes, 18

tenuis

Spilogale, 37

termes

Proteles, 13

terrestris

Tapirus, 42

texanus

Dorcelaphus, 51

Odocoileus, 51

texensis

Canis, 15

Conepatus, 35

Lutra, 29

Urocyon, 17

Ursus, 22

texianus

Ovis, 56

thai

Viverricula, 11

thamnos

Canis, 14

thibetanus

Selenarctos, 19

Ursus, 19

thikae

Kobus, 54

thomasi

Kobus, 54

Odocoileus, 51

Thos

adustus, 16

aureus, 16

bea, 16

bweha,16 

elgonae, 16

mcmillani, 16

mesomelas, 16

notatus, 16

tiarata

Mustela, 31

tinga

Arctogalidia, 10

Felis, 7

tohi

Redunca, 57

toklat

Ursus, 26

torquatus

Canis, 15

townsendi

Arctocephalus, 27

Urocyon, 16

Ursus, 26

Tragelaphus

fasciatus, 58

olivaceus, 58

scriptus, 58

TRAGULIDAE, 45

Tragulus

amoenus, 45, 46

bancanus, 45

batuanus, 45

billitonus, 45

borneanus, 45

brevipes, 45

bunguranensis, 45

canescens, 45

carimatae, 45

everetti, 46

flavicollis, 45

focalinus, 46

formosus, 46

fulvicollis, 46

hosei, 48

javanicus, 46

jugularis, 46

kanchil, 45, 46, 47, 48

lampensis, 46

lancavensis, 46

longipes, 46

luteicollis, 46

lutescens, 46

masae, 48

napu, 45, 46, 47, 48

natunae, 46

niasis, 46

nigricollis, 46

nigrocinctus, 46, 47

pallidus, 47

parallelus, 47

perflavus, 47

pinius, 47

pretiellus, 47

pretiosus, 47

ravulus, 47

ravus, 46, 47

rubeus, 47

rufulus, 46, 47

russeus, 47

russulus, 47, 48

sebucus, 48

subrufus, 48

umbrinus, 48

virgicollis, 48

trivirgata

Arctogalidia, 9, 10

tropicalis

Conepatus, 35

Mustela, 32

Putorius, 32

Spilogale, 36

truei

Odocoileus, 50

truncatus

Tursiops, 61

tuancus

Sus, 43

tularensis

Ursus, 20

tundrarum

Canis, 15

tundrensis

Ursus, 23

Tursiops

gillii, 61

subridens, 61

truncatus, 61

ugandae

Felis, 4

uinta

Lynx, 6

umbrinus

Tragulus, 48

umpquensis

Canis, 14

undulata

Helogale, 12

ungava

Vulpes, 18

uragon

Batomys, 65

Urocyon

borealis, 16

californicus, 161

catalinae, 16

cinereoargenteus, 16, 17

clementae, 17

colimensis, 17

fraterculus, 17

guatemalae, 17

littoralis, 16, 17

nigrirostris, 17

orinomus, 17

parvidens, 17

santacruzae, 17

scottii, 17

texensis, 17

townsendi, 16

URSIDAE, 19

Ursus

absarokus, 19

alascensis, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26

amblyceps, 19
112 • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Ursus (continued)

americanus, 19, 20, 21

apache, 20

arctos, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 

25, 26, 27

arizonae, 20

atnarko, 20

bairdi, 20

bisonophagus, 25

californicus, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24

canadensis, 26

carlottae, 20

caurinus, 20

chelan, 20

chelidonias, 20

colusus, 21

crassodon, 21

crassus, 21

cressonus, 21

dalli, 21, 24, 26

dusorgus, 21

eltonclarki, 21

eremicus, 19

ereunetes, 25

eulophus, 21

eximius, 21

floridanus, 21

gyas, 21

henshawi, 21

holzworthi, 22

hoots, 22

horriaeus, 22

horribilis, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 

24, 25, 26, 27

idahoensis, 22

imperator, 22

impiger, 23

innuitus, 22

insularis, 21

kenaiensis, 22

kennerleyi, 23

kidderi, 23

klamathensis, 23

kluane, 23

kwakiutl, 23

latifrons, 25

macfarlani, 23

macrodon, 23

magister, 23

mendocinensis, 24

middendorffi, 24

mirabilis, 24

mirus, 24

navaho, 24

neglectus, 23

nelsoni, 24

nortoni, 24

nuchek, 24

ophrus, 24

orgiloides, 24

orgilos, 24

oribasus, 25

pallasi, 25

pellyensis, 25

perturbans, 25

pervagor, 25

phaeonyx, 22, 25

planiceps, 25

pulchellus, 25

rogersi, 25

rungiusi, 25

sagittalis, 25

schwenkii, 20

selkirki, 26

sheldoni, 26

shirasi, 26

shoshone, 26

sitkensis, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26

stikeenensis, 20, 21, 22, 23, 

25, 26

tahltanicus, 26

texensis, 22

thibetanus, 19

toklat, 26

townsendi, 26

tularensis, 20

tundrensis, 23

ussuricus, 19

utahensis, 26

warburtoni, 23

washake, 27

ussuricus

Ursus, 19

utahensis

Ursus, 26

vancouverensis

Felis, 8

Gulo, 28

Lutra, 29

Procyon, 41

varius

Procyon, 41

velox

Acinonyx, 4

Vulpes, 19

venaticus

Conepatus, 35

Speothos, 16

venatorius

Odocoileus, 52

veraecrucis

Felis, 7

Odocoileus, 52

Panthera, 7

Vetularctos

inopinatus, 27

vexillifer

Lipotes, 62

vicinus

Procyon, 40

vigilis

Canis, 15

virgatus

Otocyon, 16

virgicollis

Tragulus, 48

virginianus

Cariacus, 50

Odocoileus, 50, 51, 52

vison

Lutreola, 33

Mustela, 33

Neovison, 33

vittata

Galictis, 28

vittatus

Sus, 42, 43

vitulina

Phoca, 27

Viverricula

indica, 11

malaccensis, 11

thai, 11

VIVERRIDAE, 9

vomerina

Phocaena, 62

Phocoena, 62

Vormela

negans, 34

peregusna, 34

vulpes

Vulpes, 17, 18, 19

Vulpes

abietorum, 17

alascensis, 17

arizonensis, 18

beringensis, 17

cascadensis, 17

devius, 18

hallensis, 18

harrimani, 18

hebes, 19

innuitus, 18

kenaiensis, 18

lagopus, 17, 18, 19

littoralis, 17

macrotis, 18, 19

macroura, 19

macrourus, 19

muticus, 19

necator, 19

neomexicanus, 18

nevadensis, 18

pribilofensis, 19

regalis, 19

tenuirostris, 18

ungava, 18

velox, 19

vulpes, 17, 18, 19

warburtoni

Ursus, 23

washake

Ursus, 27

washingtoni

Mustela, 33

Putorius, 33

weemsi

Ovis, 56

wiedii

Felis, 6

Leopardus, 5, 6

wolffsohni

Leopardus, 6

Lynchailurus, 6

wulsini

Selenarctos, 19

xanthogenys

Putorius, 33

yagouaroundi

Herpailurus, 5

youngi

Canis, 15

Felis, 8

yucatanensis

Dicotyles, 44

Tayassu, 44

yucatanica

Felis, 5

yucatanicus

Conepatus, 35

Leopardus, 5

yukonensis

Lutra, 29

ZIPHIIDAE, 62

Ziphius

cavirostris, 63

grebnitzkii, 63
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regular text; be double spaced; and have 1" margins. 

REQUIRED ELEMENTS are title page, abstract, 

table of contents, main text, and references.

FIGURES should be numbered sequentially (1, 2, 

3, etc.) in the order called out; have components 

lettered consistently (in size, font, and style) and 

described in captions; include a scale bar or scale 

description, if appropriate; include any legends in 

or on the figure rather than in a caption. Figures 

must be original and submitted as individual TIF or 

EPS files.

FIGURE FILES must not be embedded in the main 

text. Resolution for art files must be at least 300 dpi 

for grayscale and color images, and at least 1200 

dpi for line art. Color images should be requested 

only if required. 

TAXONOMIC KEYS in natural history papers 

should use the aligned-couplet form for zoology. If 

cross referencing is required between key and text, 

do not include page references within the key but 

number the keyed-out taxa, using the same numbers with their corresponding heads in the text.

SYNONYMY IN ZOOLOGY must use the short 

form (taxon, author, year:page), with full reference 

at the end of the paper under “References.”

REFERENCES should be in alphabetical order, 

and in chronological order for same-author entries. 

Each reference should be cited at least once in main 

text. Complete bibliographic information must 

be included in all citations. Examples of the most 

common types of citations are provided on SISP’s 

“Author Resources” page at www.scholarlypress

.si.edu.

SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS SERIES