Office of Safety and Security

DOT-VNTSC-FTA-12-01

FTA-MA-26-5576-11-1

Drug and Alcohol Testing Results

2009 Annual Report

December 2013

U.S. Department

of Transportation

Federal Transit

Administration
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE

December 2013

3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

Final Report

January 2008–December 2009

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Drug and Alcohol Testing Results 2009 Annual Report

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

VT73A4/KLC95

6. AUTHOR(S) 

Lori John, Mike Redington, Eve Rutyna, Nathan Grace*, and Felicity Shanahan*

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

U.S. Department of Transportation

Research and Innovative Technology Administration

John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center

55 Broadway

Cambridge, MA 02142-1093

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 

REPORT NUMBER

DOT-VNTSC-FTA-12-01

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

U.S. Department of Transportation

Federal Transit Administration

Office of Safety and Security

Washington, DC 20590

10. SPONSORING/MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

FTA-MA-26-5576-11-1 

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

*MacroSys Research and Technology

55 Broadway

Cambridge, MA 02142-1093

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information 

Service, Springfield, VA 22161.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

This is the 15th annual report of the results of the Federal Transit Administration’s (FTA) Drug and Alcohol Testing 

Program. This report summarizes the reporting requirements for calendar year 2009, the requirements of the overall 

drug and alcohol testing program (49 CFR Part 40 and 49 CFR Part 655), the results from the data reported for 2009, 

and the random drug and alcohol violation rates (the percentage of persons selected for a random test who produced a 

positive specimen or refused to take the test) for calendar years 2003 through 2009. 

This report provides a brief overview of the drug and alcohol testing requirements for both safety-sensitive employers 

and employees. The official random rates for 2009 are provided, as well as the official random rate trends over the last

seven years. The results of alcohol and drug tests are provided by test type, employee category, and region. The 

positive testing rates for drugs and alcohol are also provided for each test type, employee category, and region. 

14. SUBJECT TERMS

Alcohol testing, drug testing, random testing, safety-sensitive, violation rate

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

88

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OF REPORT

Unclassified

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Unclassified

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Unclassified

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Unlimited

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1 foot (ft) = 30 centimeters (cm) 

1 yard (yd) = 0.9 meter (m) 

1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kilometers (km) 

 

AREA (APPROXIMATE) 

1 square inch (sq in, in2

) = 6.5 square centimeters 

(cm2

) 

1 square foot (sq ft, ft2

) = 0.09 square meter (m2) 

1 square yard (sq yd, yd2

) = 0.8 square meter (m2) 

1 square mile (sq mi, mi2

) = 2.6 square kilometers 

(km2

) 

1 acre = 0.4 hectare (he) = 4,000 square meters (m2

) 

1 sq

1 s

10,0

MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) 

1 ounce (oz) = 28 grams (gm) 

1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilogram (kg) 

1 short ton = 2,000 pounds = 0.9 tonne (t) 

(lb) 

VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) 

1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 milliliters (ml) 

1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 milliliters (ml) 

1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 milliliters (ml) 

1 cup (c) = 0.24 liter (l) 

1 pint (pt) = 0.47 liter (l) 

 1 quart (qt) = 0.96 liter (l) 

1 gallon (gal) = 3.8 liters (l) 

1 cubic foot (cu ft, ft3

) = 0.03 cubic meter (m3) 

1 cubic yard (cu yd, yd3

) = 0.76 cubic meter (m3) 

TEMPERATURE (EXACT) 

[(x-32)(5/9)] °F = y °C 

ERSION FACTORS 

METRIC TO ENGLISH

LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) 

1 millimeter (mm) = 0.04 inch (in) 

1 centimeter (cm) = 0.4 inch (in) 

1 meter (m) = 3.3 feet (ft) 

1 meter (m) = 1.1 yards (yd) 

1 kilometer (km) = 0.6 mile (mi)

AREA (APPROXIMATE) 

uare centimeter (cm2

) = 0.16 square inch (sq in, in2) 

1 square meter (m2

) = 1.2 square yards (sq yd, 

yd2

) 

quare kilometer (km2

) = 0.4 square mile (sq mi, mi2) 

00 square meters (m2

) = 1 hectare (ha) = 2.5 acres 

MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) 

1 gram (gm) = 0.036 ounce (oz) 

1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb) 

1 tonne (t) = 1,000 kilograms (kg) 

= 1.1 short tons

VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) 

1 milliliter (ml) = 0.03 fluid ounce (fl oz) 

1 liter (l) = 2.1 pints (pt) 

1 liter (l) = 1.06 quarts (qt) 

1 liter (l) = 0.26 gallon (gal) 

1 cubic meter (m3

) = 36 cubic feet (cu ft, ft3) 

1 cubic meter (m3

) = 1.3 cubic yards (cu yd, yd3)

TEMPERATURE (EXACT) 

[(9/5) y + 32] °C = x °F

QUICK INCH - CENTIMETER 

0 1

Inches

Centimeters 01 3 2 4 5

QUICK FAHRENHEIT - CELSIUS TE

 -40° -22° -4° 14° 32° 50° 68° 86°

 

°F

 °C -40° -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30

For more exact and or other conversion factors, see NIST Miscel

Measures. Price $2.50 SD Catalog No. C13 10286

LENGTH CONVERSION

2 34

6 7 1098 12

MPERATURE CONVERSION

104° 122° 140° 158° 176° 194° 212°

° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100°

laneous Publication 286, Units of Weights and 

Updated 6/17/98

5

11 13
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report i

Table of Contents

1. Testing Requirements..............................................................................................................1

1.1 Required Testing Program............................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Regions Required to Test................................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Covered Employees and Employers................................................................................................ 3

2. Random Drug and Alcohol Rates.............................................................................................5

2.1 Calculating Positive Rates and Violation Rates............................................................................... 5

2.2 Random Positive Rates and Violation Rates.................................................................................... 5

3. Drug Test Results ..................................................................................................................11

3.1 Drug Test Results by Test Type.....................................................................................................11

3.1.1 Pre-Employment Drug Test Results.....................................................................................11

3.1.2 Random Drug Test Results..................................................................................................12

3.1.3 Post-Accident Drug Test Results.........................................................................................13

3.1.4 Reasonable Suspicion Drug Test Results.............................................................................14

3.1.5 Return-to Duty Drug Test Results........................................................................................15

3.1.6 Follow-Up Drug Test Results..............................................................................................16

3.1.7 Drug Test Results by Test Type for All Employee Categories............................................17

3.1.8 Verified Positives for Drug Type by Type of Test...............................................................18

3.2 Drug Test Results by Employee Category.....................................................................................19

3.2.1 Revenue Vehicle Operation Drug Test Results....................................................................19

3.2.2 Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance Drug Test Results......................................20

3.2.3 Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control Drug Test Results........................................................21

3.2.4 CDL/Non Revenue Vehicles Drug Test Results..................................................................22

3.2.5 Armed Security Personnel Drug Test Results......................................................................23

3.2.6 Ferry Boat Operation Drug Test Results..............................................................................24

3.2.7 Drug Test Results for All Test Types by Employee Category.............................................25

4. Drug Test Results By Region ................................................................................................. 27

4.1 Drug Test Results by Type of Drug for Each Region....................................................................32

4.2 Drug Test Results for Transit Employers and Contractors............................................................35

5. Historical Drug Test Data......................................................................................................37

5.1 Historical Drug Test Results by Year............................................................................................37

5.2 Historical Drug Test Results by Drug Type and by FTA Region..................................................41

6. Alcohol Test Results...............................................................................................................47
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report ii

Table of Contents

6.1 Alcohol Test Results by Test Type................................................................................................47

6.1.1 Pre-Employment Alcohol Test Results................................................................................47

6.1.2 Random Alcohol Test Results..............................................................................................48

6.1.3 Post-Accident Alcohol Test Results.....................................................................................49

6.1.4 Reasonable Suspicion Alcohol Test Results........................................................................50

6.1.5 Return-to-Duty Alcohol Test Results...................................................................................51

6.1.6 Follow-Up Alcohol Test Results..........................................................................................52

6.1.7 Alcohol Test Results for All Test Types by Employee Category ........................................53

6.2 Alcohol Results by Employee Category ........................................................................................54

6.2.1 Revenue Vehicle Operation Alcohol Test Results...............................................................54

6.2.2 Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance Alcohol Test Results................................. 55

6.2.3 Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control Alcohol Test Results ...................................................56

6.2.4 CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle Alcohol Test Results...............................................................57

6.2.5 Armed Security Personnel Alcohol Test Results................................................................. 58

6.2.6 Ferry Boat Operation Alcohol Test Results.........................................................................59

6.2.7 Alcohol Test Results for All Employee Categories by Test Type .......................................60

6.3 Alcohol Test Results by Region ....................................................................................................61

6.3.1 Alcohol Test Results for All Employee Categories by Test Type .......................................61

6.3.2 Alcohol Test Results for All Test Types by Employee Category ........................................67

6.3.3 Alcohol Test Results for Transit Employers and Contractors..............................................73
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report iii

List of Tables

Table 1. Safety-Sensitive Employee Categories, Test Types, and Drugs ..................................................... 1

Table 2. States and Territories by Region ..................................................................................................... 2

Table 3. Number of Covered Employees and Employers by Region ........................................................... 3

Table 4. Covered Employees by Category .................................................................................................... 3

Table 5. Pre-Employment Drug Test Results ............................................................................................. 11

Table 6. Random Drug Test Results by Employee Category ..................................................................... 12

Table 7. Post-Accident Drug Test Results by Employee Category ............................................................ 13

Table 8. Reasonable Suspicion Drug Test Results by Employee Category ................................................ 14

Table 9. Return-to-Duty Drug Test Results by Employee Category .......................................................... 15

Table 10. Follow-Up Drug Test Results by Employee Category ............................................................... 16

Table 11. Drug Test Results by Test Type for All Employee Categories ................................................... 17

Table 12. Drug Test Results for Revenue Vehicle Operation by Test Type ............................................... 19

Table 13. Drug Test Results for Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance by Test Type ................. 20

Table 14. Drug Test Results for Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control by Test Type ................................... 21

Table 15. Drug Test Results for CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicles by Test Type ............................................. 22

Table 16. Drug Test Results for Armed Security Personnel by Test Type ................................................. 23

Table 17. Drug Test Results for Ferry Boat Operation by Test Type ......................................................... 24

Table 18. Drug Test Results for All Test Types by Employee Category .................................................... 25

Table 19. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 1 .................................................................... 27

Table 20. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 2 .................................................................... 27

Table 21. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 3 .................................................................... 28

Table 22. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 4 .................................................................... 28

Table 23. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 5 .................................................................... 29

Table 24. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 6 .................................................................... 29

Table 25. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 7 .................................................................... 30

Table 26. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 8 .................................................................... 30

Table 27. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 9 .................................................................... 31

Table 28. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 10 .................................................................. 31

Table 29. Drug Test Results for Transit Employers by Region .................................................................. 35

Table 30. Drug Test Results for Contractors by Region ............................................................................. 35

Table 31. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2003 .................. 37

Table 32. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2004 .................. 38

Table 33. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2005 .................. 38

Table 34. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2006 .................. 39

Table 35. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2007 .................. 39
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report iv

Table 36. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2008 .................. 40

Table 37. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2009 .................. 40

Table 38. Pre-Employment Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category ................................................. 47

Table 39. Random Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category ............................................................... 48

Table 40. Post-Accident Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category ...................................................... 49

Table 41. Reasonable Suspicion Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category ......................................... 50

Table 42. Return-to-Duty Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category .................................................... 51

Table 43. Follow-Up Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category ........................................................... 52

Table 44. Alcohol Test Results for all Test Types by Employee Category ................................................ 53

Table 45. Alcohol Results for Revenue Vehicle Operation by Test Type .................................................. 54

Table 46. Alcohol Results for Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance by Test Type .................... 55

Table 47. Alcohol Results for Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control by Test Type ...................................... 56

Table 48. Alcohol Results for CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicles by Test Type ................................................ 57

Table 49. Alcohol Results for Armed Security Personnel by Test Type .................................................... 58

Table 50. Alcohol Results for Ferry Boat Operation by Test Type ............................................................ 59

Table 51. Alcohol Test Results by Test Type for All Employee Categories .............................................. 60

Table 52. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 1 .......................... 62

Table 53. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 2 .......................... 62

Table 54. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 3 .......................... 63

Table 55. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 4 .......................... 63

Table 56. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 5 .......................... 64

Table 57. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 6 .......................... 64

Table 58. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 7 .......................... 65

Table 59. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 8 .......................... 65

Table 60. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 9 .......................... 66

Table 61. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 10 ........................ 66

Table 62. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 1 ........................... 67

Table 63. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 2 ........................... 68

Table 64. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 3 ........................... 68

Table 65. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 4 ........................... 69

Table 66. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 5 ........................... 69

Table 67. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 6 ........................... 70

Table 68. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 7 ........................... 70

Table 69. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 8 ........................... 71

Table 70. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 9 ........................... 71

Table 71. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 10 ......................... 72

Table 72. Alcohol Test Results for All Employee Categories and Test Types by Region ......................... 72
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report v

Table 73. Alcohol Test Results for Transit System Employers for All Test Types by Region .................. 73

Table 74. Alcohol Test Results for Contractors for All Test Types by Region .......................................... 74
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report vi

List of Figures

Figure 1. Ten FTA Regions Required to Test for Drugs and Alcohol .......................................................... 2

Figure 2. Random Positive Drug Rate (2009) ............................................................................................... 5

Figure 3. Violation Rate- Random Alcohol Testing (2009) ......................................................................... 6

Figure 4. Violation Rate for Random Alcohol Tests (2003 – 2009) ............................................................. 6

Figure 5. Positive Rate for Random Drug Tests (2003 – 2009) .................................................................... 7

Figure 6. Random Drug Test Positive Rate for Contractors and Transit Systems (2009) ............................ 7

Figure 7. Random Drug Test Positive Rate for Contractors and Transit Systems by Region (2009) ........... 8

Figure 8. Violation Rate – Random Alcohol Testing for Contractors and Transit Systems (2009) ............. 8

Figure 9. Violation Rate – Random Alcohol Testing for Contractors and Transit Systems 

by Region (2009) .......................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 10. Positive Rate for Pre-Employment Drug Test by Employee Category ..................................... 11

Figure 11. Positive Rate for Random Drug Tests by Employee Category ................................................. 12

Figure 12. Positive Rate for Post-Accident Drug Tests by Employee Category ........................................ 13

Figure 13. Positive Rate for Reasonable Suspicion Drug Tests by Employee Category ............................ 14

Figure 14. Positive Rate for Return-to-Duty Drug Tests by Employee Category ...................................... 15

Figure 15. Positive Rate for Follow-Up Drug Tests by Employee Category ............................................. 16

Figure 16. Positive Rate by Drug Test Type for All Employee Categories ................................................ 17

Figure 17. Percentage of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Type of Test .................................... 18

Figure 18. Positive Test Rate for Revenue Vehicle Operation by Test Type ............................................. 19

Figure 19. Positive Test Rate for Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance by Test Type ............... 20

Figure 20. Positive Test Rate for Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control by Test Type .................................. 21

Figure 21. Positive Test Rate for CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicles by Test Type ........................................... 22

Figure 22. Positive Test Rate for Armed Security Personnel by Test Type ............................................... 23

Figure 23. Positive Test Rate for Ferry Boat Operation by Test Type ....................................................... 24

Figure 24. Positive Rate for All Test Types by Employee Category .......................................................... 25

Figure 25. Percentage of Verified Positives for Drug Type by Employee Type ........................................ 26

Figure 26. Percent of Verified Positives for Marijuana by Region ............................................................. 32

Figure 27. Percent of Verified Positives for Cocaine by Region ................................................................ 32

Figure 28. Percent of Verified Positives for PCP by Region ...................................................................... 33

Figure 29. Percent of Verified Positives for Opiates by Region ................................................................. 33

Figure 30. Percent of Verified Positives for Amphetamines by Region ..................................................... 34

Figure 31. Percent of Total Test Refusals by Region ................................................................................. 34

Figure 32. Positive Drug Test Rate for Transit Employers and Contractors by Region ............................. 36

Figure 33. Verified Positives for Transit Systems and Contractors by Drug Type .................................... 36

Figure 34. Percent of Verified Positives for All Drug Types by Year 2003 – 2009 ................................... 41

Figure 35. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year ...................................................... 41
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report vii

Figure 36. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 1 ................................. 42

Figure 37. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 2 ................................. 42

Figure 38. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 3 ................................. 43

Figure 39. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 4 ................................. 43

Figure 40. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 5 ................................. 44

Figure 41. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 6 ................................. 44

Figure 42. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 7 ................................. 45

Figure 43. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 8 ................................. 45

Figure 44. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 9 ................................. 46

Figure 45. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 10 ............................... 46

Figure 46. Violation Rate for Pre-Employment Alcohol Tests ................................................................... 48

Figure 47. Violation Rate for Random Alcohol Tests by Employee Category ........................................... 49

Figure 48. Violation Rate for Post-Accident Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category ...................... 50

Figure 49. Violation Rate for Reasonable Suspicion Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category .......... 51

Figure 50. Violation Rate for Return-to-Duty Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category .................... 52

Figure 51. Violation Rate for Follow-Up Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category ........................... 53

Figure 52. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for all Test Types by Employee Category ............................ 54

Figure 53. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Revenue Vehicle Operation by Test Type ...................... 55

Figure 54. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance 

by Test Type ............................................................................................................................. 56

Figure 55. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control by Test Type .......... 57

Figure 56. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicles by Test Type .................... 58

Figure 57. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Armed Security Personnel by Test Type ........................ 59

Figure 58. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Ferry Boat Operation by Test Type ................................ 60

Figure 59. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests by Test Type for All Employee Categories .......................... 61

Figure 60. Violation Rate for Random Alcohol Tests by Region ............................................................... 67

Figure 61. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for All Test Types by FTA Region ...................................... 73

Figure 62. Violation Rate for Transit Systems and Contractors for all Test Types by Region .................. 74

Drug and Alcohol Testing Results 2009

Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 1 

1. Testing Requirements

1.1 Required Testing Program

Safety-sensitive employees must undergo testing for five illegal substances with the use of six different 

test types. Employees who perform safety-sensitive functions must also be tested for alcohol use in each 

of those test types. Employers are required to conduct four types of tests on those employees who perform 

safety-sensitive functions, and are permitted to conduct two other types of tests for drugs and alcohol 

(return-to-duty and follow-up). 

Table 1 lists the safety-sensitive employee categories, test types, and drug types that fall under the 

auspices of the FTA Drug and Alcohol Testing Program. For more detailed descriptions of each of these 

categories, refer to Appendix C. You may also refer to FTA and DOT drug and alcohol regulations on the 

FTA Office of Safety and Security website at http://transitsafety.fta.dot.gov/DrugAndAlcohol/Regulations/default.asp. Additional guidance can also be found at the 

Office of Drug and Alcohol Policy and Compliance (ODAPC) website at 

http://www.dot.gov/ost/dapc/index.html. 

Table 1. Safety-Sensitive Employee Categories, Test Types, and Drugs

Safety-Sensitive Employee Categories

• Revenue Vehicle Operation

• Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance

• Revenue Vehicle Control/Dispatch

• CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle

• Armed Security Personnel

• Ferry Boat Operator

Test Types

• Pre-Employment

• Random

• Post-Accident

• Reasonable Suspicion

• Return-to-Duty

• Follow-up

Drug Types

• Marijuana

• Cocaine

• Phencyclidine (PCP)

• Opiates

• Amphetamines
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 2 

1.2 Regions Required to Test

The FTA comprises 10 regions, which are identified in Figure 1. The data provided by these regions have 

facilitated the comparison of drug and alcohol test results and the identification of regional trends. Table 2 

lists the states and territories in each FTA region.

Figure 1. Ten FTA Regions Required to Test for Drugs and Alcohol 

Table 2. States and Territories by Region

Region States

1 Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont

2 New Jersey, New York

3 Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia

4 Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, 

Tennessee, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands

5 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin

6 Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas

7 Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska

8 Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming

9 Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana 

Islands

10 Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 3 

1.3 Covered Employees and Employers

A covered employee is any person, including an applicant, transferee, or volunteer, who performs or will 

perform a safety-sensitive function for any entity subject to Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 

Part 655. A covered employer is a recipient or other entity that provides a mass transportation service or 

performs a safety-sensitive function for such recipient or other entity. This includes Section 5311 State 

Nonurban subrecipients, Section 5307 Urbanized Area Formula grantees, Section 5309 Major Capital 

Investment recipients, and contractors. Table 3 provides a list of the number of covered employees and 

employers in each FTA region for 2009. Table 4 shows the number of covered employees by employee 

category for 2009. 

Table 3. Number of Covered Employees and Employers by Region 

Region Number of Covered Employees Number of Covered Employers

1 13,441 197

2 53,225 202

3 32,378 188

4 33,452 585

5 41,830 708

6 20,263 226

7 9,542 323

8 12,331 198

9 47,911 407

10 16,379 228

Total 280,752 3,262

Table 4. Covered Employees by Category 

Employee Category Number of Covered Employees

Revenue Vehicle Operation 197,629

Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance 49,574

Revenue Vehicle Control/Dispatch 21,023

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 4,053

Armed Security Personnel 6,484

Ferry Boat Operation 1,989

Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 5 

2. Random Drug and Alcohol Rates

2.1 Calculating Positive Rates and Violation Rates 

The positive rate for drugs is calculated by taking the total number of verified positive tests, adding the 

number of adulterated samples plus the total number of substituted specimens, shy bladder instances 

(those without medical explanation), and other refusals, and dividing by the total number of drug test 

results. 

The violation rate for alcohol is calculated by taking the total number of confirmatory test results greater 

than or equal to a breath alcohol level of 0.04, adding the total number of shy lung instances (without 

medical explanation) plus the total number of other refusals, and dividing by the total number of screens 

conducted. 

2.2 Random Positive Rates and Violation Rates

The following figures illustrate the random positive rates for drug testing, and violation rates for alcohol 

testing. Figure 2 shows the positive rates for random drug testing for each region for 2009, while Figure 3 

shows the violation rates for random alcohol testing for each region for 2009. Figure 4 shows the positive 

rate for random drug testing for the years 2003 – 2009. Figure 5 shows the violation rate for random 

alcohol testing for the years 2003 – 2009. 

Figure 2. Random Positive Drug Rate (2009)
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 6 

Figure 3. Violation Rate- Random Alcohol Testing (2009)

Figure 4. Violation Rate for Random Alcohol Tests (2003 – 2009)

 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 7 

Figure 5. Positive Rate for Random Drug Tests (2003 – 2009)

Figures 6,7, 8, and 9 illustrate the positive rate for random drug testing and the violation rate for random 

alcohol tests for transit systems and contractors. A transit system is the public entity that recieves the 

federal grant (direct grant recipient). A contractor is a person or organization that provides a service for a 

recipient, subrecipient, employer, or operator consistent with a specific understanding or arrangement. 

Figure 6 shows the 2009 positive drug test rate for all contractors and transit systems, while Figure 7 

breaks up the results by FTA region. 

Figure 6. Random Drug Test Positive Rate for Contractors and Transit Systems (2009)
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 8 

Figure 7. Random Drug Test Positive Rate for Contractors and Transit Systems by Region (2009)

Figure 8. Violation Rate – Random Alcohol Testing for Contractors and Transit Systems (2009)
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 9 

Figure 9. Violation Rate – Random Alcohol Testing for Contractors and Transit Systems 

by Region (2009)

Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 11

3. Drug Test Results

3.1 Drug Test Results by Test Type

This section provides drug test results by test type conducted and for each employee category

3.1.1 Pre-Employment Drug Test Results

Table 5 provides the results of pre-employment drug tests for all employment categories. Figure 10 

illustrates the positive rate for pre-employment drug tests by employee category. 

Table 5. Pre-Employment Drug Test Results 

Employee Category

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle 

Operation 61,426 60,104 1,213 905 231 35 18 39 12 9 9 79 112

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 6,919 6,823 89 74 11 1 0 4 0 2 2 3 8 

Revenue Vehicle 

Dispatch/Control 2,539 2,505 30 23 5 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 5 

CDL/Non-Revenue 

Vehicle 435 431 4 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 

Armed Security Personnel 1,447 1,433 13 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 

Ferry Boat Operation 343 342 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Total 73,109 71,638 1,350 1,016 249 36 20 46 12 11 13 85 129

Figure 10. Positive Rate for Pre-Employment Drug Test by Employee Category
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 12

3.1.2 Random Drug Test Results

Table 6 gives the random drug test results by employee category. Figure 11 shows the positive rate for 

random drug tests for each employee category.

Table 6. Random Drug Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle 

Operation 70,362 69,753 538 318 176 3 17 37 4 4 17 46 132

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 18,017 17,872 133 88 36 0 1 11 0 2 3 7 18

Revenue Vehicle 

Dispatch/Control 7,259 7,219 38 30 8 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 7 

CDL/Non-Revenue 

Vehicle 1,589 1,580 7 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 

Armed Security 

Personnel 1,787 1,784 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 1,274 1,269 5 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 

Total 100,288 99,477 724 444 226 3 18 50 4 6 22 55 164

Figure 11. Positive Rate for Random Drug Tests by Employee Category
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 13

3.1.3 Post-Accident Drug Test Results

Table 7 gives the results for post-accident drug tests for all employee categories. Figure 12 illustrates the 

positive rate for these post-accident drug tests by employee category. 

Table 7. Post-Accident Drug Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle 

Operation 12,823 12,654 148 80 67 0 5 4 0 1 3 17 38

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 538 530 8 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Revenue Vehicle 

Dispatch/Control 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

CDL/Non-Revenue 

Vehicle 52 50 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 81 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 161 161 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 13,750 13,571 158 85 72 0 5 4 0 1 3 17 40

Figure 12. Positive Rate for Post-Accident Drug Tests by Employee Category
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 14

3.1.4 Reasonable Suspicion Drug Test Results

The results for reasonable suspicion drug tests for all employee categories are provided in Table 8. The 

positive rates for reasonable suspicion drug tests are illustrated in Figure 13 by employee category. 

Table 8. Reasonable Suspicion Drug Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle 

Operation 388 343 31 18 12 1 3 3 0 1 0 13 1 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 61 51 8 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 

Revenue Vehicle 

Dispatch/Control 20 13 5 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 

CDL/Non-Revenue 

Vehicle 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 480 418 44 21 18 1 5 6 0 1 0 17 3 

Figure 13. Positive Rate for Reasonable Suspicion Drug Tests by Employee Category
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 15

3.1.5 Return-to Duty Drug Test Results

Table 9 gives the results for return-to-duty drug tests for all employee categories. Figure 14 illustrates the 

positive rate for return-to-duty drug tests by employee category. 

Table 9. Return-to-Duty Drug Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle 

Operation 554 536 15 13 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 4 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 153 150 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Dispatch/Control 43 39 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue 

Vehicle 13 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security 

Personnel 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 767 742 21 18 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 4 

Figure 14. Positive Rate for Return-to-Duty Drug Tests by Employee Category
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 16

3.1.6 Follow-Up Drug Test Results

Table 10 gives the results for follow-up drug tests by employee category. Figure 15 shows the positive 

rate for follow-up drug tests for each employee category. 

Table 10. Follow-Up Drug Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle 

Operation 3,855 3,798 48 30 15 1 1 1 0 0 4 5 10

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 1,681 1,667 14 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 

Revenue Vehicle 

Dispatch/Control 285 284 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue 

Vehicle 130 129 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 14 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 5,969 5,896 64 37 24 1 1 1 0 0 4 5 12

Figure 15. Positive Rate for Follow-Up Drug Tests by Employee Category
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 17

3.1.7 Drug Test Results by Test Type for All Employee Categories

Table 11 provides drug test results by test type for all employee categories. Figure 16 illustrates the 

positive rate for all employee categories by drug test type. 

Table 11. Drug Test Results by Test Type for All Employee Categories

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 73,109 71,638 1,350 1,016 249 36 20 46 12 11 13 85 129

Random 100,288 99,477 724 444 226 3 18 50 4 6 22 55 164

Post-Accident 13,750 13,571 158 85 72 0 5 4 0 1 3 17 40

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 480 418 44 21 18 1 5 6 0 1 0 17 3 

Return-to-Duty 767 742 21 18 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 4 

Follow-Up 5,969 5,896 64 37 24 1 1 1 0 0 4 5 12

Total 194,363 191,742 2,361 1,621 592 41 49 107 17 19 42 182 352

Figure 16. Positive Rate by Drug Test Type for All Employee Categories
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 18

3.1.8 Verified Positives for Drug Type by Type of Test

Figure 17 illustrates the percent of verified positives for each drug type by the type of test conducted.

Figure 17. Percentage of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Type of Test 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 19

3.2 Drug Test Results by Employee Category 

3.2.1 Revenue Vehicle Operation Drug Test Results

Table 12 gives the drug test results for revenue vehicle operation employees by drug test type. Figure 18 

illustrates the positive test rate for revenue vehicle operation employees for each test type

Table 12. Drug Test Results for Revenue Vehicle Operation by Test Type

Employee Category

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 61,426 60,104 1,213 905 231 35 18 39 12 9 9 79 112

Random 70,362 69,753 538 318 176 3 17 37 4 4 17 46 132

Post-Accident 12,823 12,654 148 80 67 0 5 4 0 1 3 17 38

Reasonable Suspicion 388 343 31 18 12 1 3 3 0 1 0 13 1 

Return-to-Duty 554 536 15 13 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 4 

Follow-Up 3,855 3,798 48 30 15 1 1 1 0 0 4 5 10

Total 149,408 147,188 1,993 1,364 503 40 44 84 17 15 33 162 297

Figure 18. Positive Test Rate for Revenue Vehicle Operation by Test Type
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 20

3.2.2 Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance Drug Test Results

Table 13 provides the drug test results for revenue vehicle and equipment maintenance employees by test 

type. Figure 19 illustrates the positive test rate for revenue vehicle and equipment maintenance employees 

by test type.

Table 13. Drug Test Results for Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 6,919 6,823 89 74 11 1 0 4 0 2 2 3 8 

Random 18,017 17,872 133 88 36 0 1 11 0 2 3 7 18

Post-Accident 538 530 8 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 61 51 8 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 

Return-to-Duty 153 150 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow-Up 1,681 1,667 14 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 

Total 27,369 27,093 255 175 66 1 2 16 0 4 5 12 30

Figure 19. Positive Test Rate for Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance by Test Type
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 21

3.2.3 Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control Drug Test Results

Table 14 provides the drug test results of revenue vehicle dispatch/control by test type. Figure 20 shows 

the positive rate for drug test results of revenue vehicle dispatch/control by test type. 

Table 14. Drug Test Results for Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 2,539 2,505 30 23 5 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 5 

Random 7,259 7,219 38 30 8 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 7 

Post-Accident 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 20 13 5 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 

Return-to-Duty 43 39 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

Follow-Up 285 284 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 10,241 10,155 77 59 13 0 2 5 0 0 4 5 14

Figure 20. Positive Test Rate for Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control by Test Type
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 22

3.2.4 CDL/Non Revenue Vehicles Drug Test Results

Table 15 gives the drug test results of CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle employees by test type. Figure 21 

illustrates the positive test rate for drug tests for the CDL/Non-Revenue employee category by test type.

Table 15. Drug Test Results for CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicles by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 435 431 4 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 

Random 1,589 1,580 7 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 

Post-Accident 52 50 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 13 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow-Up 130 129 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 2,226 2,210 14 7 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 3 

Figure 21. Positive Test Rate for CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicles by Test Type
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 23

3.2.5 Armed Security Personnel Drug Test Results

Table 16 provides the drug test results for armed security personnel by test type. Figure 22 illustrates the 

positive test rate for armed security personnel drug tests. 

Table 16. Drug Test Results for Armed Security Personnel by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 1,447 1,433 13 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 

Random 1,787 1,784 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Post-Accident 81 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow-Up 14 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 3,333 3,316 16 11 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 

Figure 22. Positive Test Rate for Armed Security Personnel by Test Type
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 24

3.2.6 Ferry Boat Operation Drug Test Results

Table 17 provides the drug test results for ferry boat operators by test type. Figure 23 illustrates the 

positive test rate for drug tests administered to ferry boat operators. 

Table 17. Drug Test Results for Ferry Boat Operation by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 343 342 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Random 1,274 1,269 5 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 

Post-Accident 161 161 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow-Up 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 1,786 1,780 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 

Figure 23. Positive Test Rate for Ferry Boat Operation by Test Type
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 25

3.2.7 Drug Test Results for All Test Types by Employee Category 

Table 18 provides drug test results for all test types by employee category. Figure 24 shows the positive 

rate for all test types by employee category. Figure 25 shows the percentage of verified positives for each 

drug type by type of test. 

Table 18. Drug Test Results for All Test Types by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle 

Operation 149,408 147,188 1,993 1,364 503 40 44 84 17 15 33 162 297

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 27,369 27,093 225 175 66 1 2 16 0 4 5 12 30

Revenue Vehicle 

Dispatch/Control 10,241 10,155 77 59 13 0 2 5 0 0 4 5 14

CDL/Non-Revenue 

Vehicle 2,226 2,210 14 7 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 3 

Armed Security 

Personnel 3,333 3,316 16 11 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 

Ferry Boat Operation 1,786 1,780 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 

Total 194,363 191,742 2,361 1,621 592 41 49 107 17 19 42 182 352

Figure 24. Positive Rate for All Test Types by Employee Category
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 26

Figure 25. Percentage of Verified Positives for Drug Type by Employee Type
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 27

4. Drug Test Results by Region

Tables 19 through 28 provide drug test results by test type and drugs detected for FTA Regions 1 through 

10. 

Table 19. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 1

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 2,932 2,871 61 49 12 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 

Random 4,046 4,004 39 21 19 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 14

Post-Accident 539 531 8 6 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 20 17 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 19 17 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow-Up 300 295 5 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 7,856 7,735 118 80 40 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 17

Table 20. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 2 

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 12,335 12,064 249 171 71 3 5 1 7 2 2 11 12

Random 20,274 20,173 91 49 44 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 24

Post-Accident 2,414 2,390 19 7 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 75 66 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 

Return-to-Duty 106 102 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow-Up 1,295 1,284 8 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 

Total 36,499 36,079 376 237 135 3 5 1 7 4 6 27 39
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 28

Table 21. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 3

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 10,981 10,603 350 254 61 29 6 2 0 2 1 25 18

Random 12,099 11,984 102 60 38 1 6 1 0 0 2 11 15

Post-Accident 1,644 1,626 17 7 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 78 67 8 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 1

Return-to-Duty 150 148 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Follow-Up 1,116 1,105 10 6 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

Total 26,068 25,533 489 330 116 32 15 4 0 2 3 41 40

Table 22. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 4

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 7,325 7,199 117 95 21 0 1 1 1 3 0 5 8

Random 12,335 12,247 79 54 24 0 0 2 0 0 0 9 14

Post-Accident 1,906 1,885 16 10 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 52 48 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Return-to-Duty 113 109 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

Follow-Up 201 198 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Total 21,932 21,686 221 166 54 0 1 3 2 3 0 20 32
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 29

Table 23. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 5 

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated 

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 10,438 10,260 160 129 30 0 2 4 1 2 4 11 18

Random 14,166 14,036 109 76 25 0 1 7 1 0 13 7 19

Post-Accident 2,247 2,203 42 24 19 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 7 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 73 62 8 5 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 

Return-to-Duty 132 127 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 

Follow-Up 960 945 12 9 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 

Total 28,016 27,633 335 246 81 0 5 12 2 2 21 23 46

Table 24. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 6 

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 7,107 6,981 115 92 19 0 1 5 0 1 2 8 19

Random 6,747 6,667 70 40 28 1 3 4 1 2 2 5 14

Post-Accident 1,040 1,031 7 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 27 23 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 

Return-to-Duty 33 32 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow-Up 102 101 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 15,056 14,835 195 139 50 1 4 9 1 3 5 17 39
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 30

Table 25. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 7 

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 2,959 2,919 35 26 1 1 1 6 1 0 0 4 4 

Random 2,935 2,913 19 14 3 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 4 

Post-Accident 441 421 19 9 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 18 15 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 

Return-to-Duty 17 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

Follow-Up 96 96 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 6,466 6,380 75 50 14 1 2 9 2 0 0 9 8 

Table 26. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 8 

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 4,426 4,368 55 40 12 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 12

Random 5,255 5,201 51 30 19 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 19

Post-Accident 391 386 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 24 21 3 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 53 49 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow-Up 408 405 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 

Total 10,557 10,430 121 82 33 0 3 3 0 1 0 5 34
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 31

Table 27. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 9 

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 11,912 11,706 185 140 22 2 2 22 2 1 3 15 31

Random 17,137 16,992 133 75 23 0 4 33 1 2 2 7 34

Post-Accident 2,417 2,391 21 8 11 0 1 3 0 1 0 4 11

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 81 70 9 3 4 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 

Return-to-Duty 116 115 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Follow-Up 1,274 1,257 17 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 

Total 32,937 32,531 366 239 65 2 8 60 3 4 5 28 83

Table 28. Drug Test Results by Test Type for FTA Region 10 

Type of Test

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted 

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 2,694 2,667 23 20 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 3 5 

Random 5,294 5,260 31 25 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 7 

Post-Accident 711 707 4 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 32 29 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 

Return-to-Duty 28 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

Follow-Up 217 210 5 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 

Total 8,976 8,900 65 52 4 1 3 6 0 0 2 9 14
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 32

4.1 Drug Test Results by Type of Drug for Each Region

Figures 26 through 30 provide data on verified positive drug test results by each drug type for each FTA 

region. Figure 31 shows the percent of total test refusals by region. 

Figure 26. Percent of Verified Positives for Marijuana by Region

Figure 27. Percent of Verified Positives for Cocaine by Region
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 33

Figure 28. Percent of Verified Positives for PCP by Region

Figure 29. Percent of Verified Positives for Opiates by Region
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 34

Figure 30. Percent of Verified Positives for Amphetamines by Region

Figure 31. Percent of Total Test Refusals by Region
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 35

4.2 Drug Test Results for Transit Employers and Contractors

Table 29 gives drug test results for transit employers by region. Table 30 gives the drug test results for 

contractors by region. 

Table 29. Drug Test Results for Transit Employers by Region

Region

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 3,039 2,996 42 24 18 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 9

2 23,499 23,372 113 70 40 0 4 1 0 2 4 8 25

3 13,450 13,324 115 74 37 4 4 1 0 0 2 9 18

4 10,362 10,276 77 51 25 0 0 1 2 2 0 5 15 

5 13,835 13,724 100 58 36 0 4 6 0 0 9 2 21

6 8,188 8,089 86 61 26 1 1 3 1 3 2 7 12

7 2,316 2,295 19 15 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 3 

8 3,176 3,153 22 16 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 9 

9 15,522 15,402 110 65 26 1 3 20 1 3 0 6 21

10 5,339 5,304 32 26 2 1 3 1 0 0 1 2 5 

Total 98,726 97,935 716 460 217 7 20 36 4 10 18 43 138

Table 30. Drug Test Results for Contractors by Region

Region

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 2,915 2,854 59 45 17 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 4

2 12,452 12,162 260 165 94 3 1 0 7 2 2 19 14

3 10,140 9,759 351 242 71 26 11 3 0 1 1 28 19

4 5,781 5,672 99 78 21 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 9 

5 10,412 10,173 207 162 43 0 1 5 2 2 10 18 25

6 3,556 3,466 83 64 17 0 2 2 0 0 1 6 19

7 1,057 1,458 43 24 12 1 1 5 0 0 0 6 2 

8 5,569 5,480 84 56 24 0 2 2 0 1 0 4 25

9 15,953 15,682 244 163 39 1 5 39 2 1 3 21 58

10 2,545 2,511 28 21 2 0 0 5 0 0 1 5 9 

Total 70,830 69,217 1,458 1,020 340 31 24 62 11 7 18 119 184
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 36

Figure 32 illustrates the positive drug test rate for transit employers and contractors by region. Figure 33 

shows the verified positives for transit employers and contractors for each drug type. 

Figure 32. Positive Drug Test Rate for Transit Employers and Contractors by Region

Figure 33. Verified Positives for Transit Systems and Contractors by Drug Type 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 37

5. Historical Drug Test Data

This section provides drug test results to show drugs use trends for the years 2003 – 2009. 

5.1 Historical Drug Test Results by Year

Tables 31 through 37 provide drug test results for all test types and employee categories by region for 

each year from 2003 through 2009. 

Table 31. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region - 2003

Region

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 9,913 9,786 124 73 46 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 12

2 44,467 43,920 522 279 206 8 21 6 6 2 4 13 54

3 26,388 25,900 439 251 177 16 8 2 1 2 6 40 51

4 26,799 26,395 363 195 135 2 5 16 1 3 12 25 46

5 33,985 33,401 555 317 202 5 20 11 2 7 2 18 51

6 17,802 17,562 223 135 81 2 3 9 0 3 1 13 26

7 8,009 7,903 97 61 26 0 2 9 0 0 1 8 14

8 7,391 7,245 132 80 37 0 1 4 0 1 2 11 13

9 38,802 38,148 591 304 167 6 19 76 21 1 6 35 67

10 11,150 11,016 122 76 27 0 2 16 0 0 2 10 19

Total 224,706 221,276 3,168 1,771 1,104 40 82 150 31 19 36 176 353
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 38

Table 32. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2004 

Region

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 10,177 10,072 102 65 38 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 13

2 43,346 42,813 502 267 205 15 11 9 3 8 4 16 65

3 28,697 28,133 506 298 187 8 25 2 0 0 4 54 48

4 30,061 29,598 419 237 167 1 7 17 6 4 2 32 49

5 35,611 35,071 492 285 198 2 17 13 4 2 15 27 46

6 17,578 17,318 246 156 81 1 5 8 1 3 1 9 31

7 8,400 8,291 99 66 24 0 2 11 2 0 3 5 22

8 7,948 7,826 109 76 20 0 3 12 1 1 5 6 17

9 43,405 42,766 584 336 133 2 23 117 7 2 6 40 118

10 11,853 11,718 120 86 15 0 4 19 0 0 1 14 28

Total 237,076 233,606 3,179 1,872 1,068 30 98 209 24 20 41 206 437

Table 33. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2005 

Region

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 10,505 10,388 111 81 29 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 20

2 43,776 43,258 480 268 201 6 11 7 11 0 6 21 45

3 29,284 28,795 431 260 148 8 15 9 6 1 4 47 53

4 29,847 29,444 362 218 149 1 6 4 5 5 4 27 53

5 35,337 34,775 508 298 191 6 10 16 8 3 13 30 58

6 16,789 16,577 194 113 69 2 6 12 0 0 5 13 33

7 8,503 8,415 76 50 25 0 0 3 0 1 0 11 35

8 8,272 8,143 118 74 34 1 1 8 2 0 1 8 25

9 45,145 44,397 670 372 160 1 21 135 5 2 17 54 113

10 12,126 12,019 92 53 23 0 4 17 5 0 2 8 14

Total 239,584 236,211 3,042 1,787 1,029 25 75 211 42 12 55 222 449
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 39

Table 34. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2006 

Region

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 11,400 11,248 138 80 52 1 3 4 0 0 1 13 21

2 46,577 45,970 575 337 239 4 12 2 9 4 6 13 49

3 29,686 29,053 573 328 213 29 12 9 1 2 1 56 59

4 30,782 30,352 406 253 152 0 7 4 2 1 2 19 86

5 35,299 34,797 452 283 160 2 15 5 0 4 13 33 71

6 19,051 18,800 220 146 61 4 4 9 0 0 4 27 37

7 8,762 8,683 67 57 5 0 0 7 1 1 0 10 19

8 9,180 9,023 146 100 42 0 0 9 1 1 0 9 17

9 46,689 45,881 721 444 172 11 22 99 11 2 6 68 131

10 13,507 13,397 97 61 19 0 3 15 1 0 1 11 25

Total 250,933 247,204 3,395 2,089 1,115 51 78 163 26 15 34 259 515

Table 35. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2007

Region

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 8,711 8,565 139 93 46 1 1 2 0 0 0 7 26

2 38,504 37,948 531 343 176 7 13 3 7 2 0 16 43

3 25,518 24,881 570 376 151 42 15 4 2 0 4 61 65

4 27,430 26,990 398 261 134 4 16 5 6 4 6 26 78

5 29,444 28,978 419 274 135 2 12 3 9 5 10 23 45

6 16,063 15,784 237 143 80 6 0 11 2 0 3 37 35

7 7,270 7,183 78 61 12 0 2 4 0 0 0 9 12

8 8,441 8,300 131 87 37 0 4 8 2 1 0 7 26

9 41,986 41,263 664 457 123 5 18 81 8 4 6 41 126

10 10,426 10,326 87 54 18 0 2 15 0 2 2 9 15

Total 213,793 210,218 3,254 2,149 912 67 83 136 36 18 31 236 471
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 40

Table 36. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2008

Region

Total Number of Test Results 

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 8,383 8,249 125 76 45 2 6 4 0 1 1 7 15

2 34,965 64,561 386 252 127 4 10 1 4 3 0 11 51

3 30,144 29,506 583 411 136 38 11 3 0 1 2 52 65

4 25,616 25,315 277 185 90 1 3 2 5 0 1 18 43

5 30,648 30,210 395 288 89 2 8 12 4 2 11 26 74

6 15,107 14,838 235 164 62 4 4 17 1 2 11 20 34

7 7,601 7,493 95 75 13 0 3 5 0 1 1 11 12

8 8,343 8,230 105 79 23 0 2 2 0 0 1 7 25

9 38,066 37,491 535 357 109 4 7 68 0 0 7 33 114

10 10,185 10,099 71 57 9 0 3 3 1 0 1 13 10

Total 209,058 205,992 2,807 1,944 703 55 57 117 15 10 36 198 443

Table 37. Drug Test Results for All Test Types and Employee Categories by Region – 2009

Region

Total Number of Test Results

Verified Negative Results

Verified Positive Results for 

One or More Drugs

Positive for Marijuana

Positive for Cocaine

Positive for PCP

Positive for Opiates

Positive for Amphetamines

Refusals

Cancelled Tests

Adulterated

Substituted

“Shy Bladder” with No 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 7,856 7,735 118 80 40 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 17

2 36,499 36,079 376 237 135 3 5 1 7 4 6 27 39

3 26,068 25,533 489 330 116 32 15 4 0 2 3 41 40

4 21,932 21,686 221 166 54 0 1 3 2 3 0 20 32

5 28,016 27,633 335 246 81 0 5 12 2 2 21 23 46

6 15,056 14,835 195 139 50 1 4 9 1 3 5 17 39

7 6,466 6,380 75 50 14 1 2 9 2 0 0 9 8 

8 10,557 10,430 121 82 33 0 3 3 0 1 0 5 34

9 32,937 32,531 366 239 65 2 8 60 3 4 5 28 83

10 8,976 8,900 65 52 4 1 3 6 0 0 2 9 14

Total 194,363 191,742 2,361 1,621 592 41 49 107 17 19 42 182 352
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 41

Figure 34 shows the percent of verified positives for all drug types by year. Figure 35 shows the percent 

of verified positives for each drug test by year. 

Figure 34. Percent of Verified Positives for All Drug Types by Year 2003 – 2009

Figure 35. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year

5.2 Historical Drug Test Results by Drug Type and by FTA Region

The figures in this section illustrate the drug test results for each type of drug for each FTA region. 

Figures 36 through 45 illustrate the percent of verified positives for each drug type by year for Regions 1 

through 10. 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 42

Figure 36. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 1

Figure 37. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 2
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 43

Figure 38. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 3

Figure 39. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 4
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 44

Figure 40. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 5 

Figure 41. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 6
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 45

Figure 42. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 7

Figure 43. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 8
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 46

Figure 44. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 9

Figure 45. Percent of Verified Positives for Each Drug Type by Year for Region 10
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 47

6. Alcohol Test Results

6.1 Alcohol Test Results by Test Type 

This section provides alcohol test results by test type conducted for each employee category.

6.1.1 Pre-Employment Alcohol Test Results

Table 38 provides the alcohol test results for pre-employment tests for each employee category. Figure 46 

illustrates the violation rate for pre-employment tests for each employee category.

Table 38. Pre-Employment Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 9,251 9,235 15 13 5 8 1 0 2 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 1,425 1,421 4 3 0 3 0 0 1 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 310 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 111 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 257 256 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 11,355 11,334 20 17 6 11 1 0 3 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 48

Figure 46. Violation Rate for Pre-Employment Alcohol Tests

6.1.2 Random Alcohol Test Results

Table 39 gives the alcohol test results for random tests for each employee category. Figure 47 shows the 

violation rate for random alcohol tests by employee category. 

Table 39. Random Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 29,745 29,665 69 51 20 24 2 9 21

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 8,103 8,078 23 20 7 9 1 1 2 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 3,147 3,138 9 5 3 1 0 0 4 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 741 741 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Armed Security Personnel 799 799 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 457 456 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 

TOTAL 42,992 42,877 102 77 30 35 3 10 32
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 49

Figure 47. Violation Rate for Random Alcohol Tests by Employee Category

6.1.3 Post-Accident Alcohol Test Results

Table 40 provides post-accident alcohol test results by employee category. Figure 48 illustrates the 

violation rate for post-accident alcohol tests for each employee category. 

Table 40. Post-Accident Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 11,638 11,602 27 13 4 8 1 8 9 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 443 442 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 82 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 50 48 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 70 69 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 39 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 12,322 12,282 30 16 5 10 2 8 9 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 50

Figure 48. Violation Rate for Post-Accident Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

6.1.4 Reasonable Suspicion Alcohol Test Results

Table 41 provides alcohol test results for reasonable suspicion tests for each employee category. Figure 

49 illustrates the violation rate for reasonable suspicion alcohol tests for each employee category.

Table 41. Reasonable Suspicion Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 382 284 87 75 14 55 0 11 0 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 51 30 20 15 3 11 0 1 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 17 11 4 2 1 1 0 2 1 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 459 333 112 93 18 68 0 14 1 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 51

Figure 49. Violation Rate for Reasonable Suspicion Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

6.1.5 Return-to-Duty Alcohol Test Results

Table 42 gives the return-to-duty alcohol test results by employee category. Figure 50 shows the violation 

rate for return-to-duty alcohol test results for each employee category.

Table 42. Return-to-Duty Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 264 263 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 116 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 418 417 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 52

Figure 50. Violation Rate for Return-to-Duty Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

6.1.6 Follow-Up Alcohol Test Results

Table 43 provides follow-up alcohol test results for each employee category. Figure 51 shows the 

violation rate for follow-up alcohol tests by employee category. 

Table 43. Follow-Up Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 3,260 6,242 17 17 8 7 0 1 0 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 1,575 1,570 5 5 3 2 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 228 228 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 87 86 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 5,178 5,154 23 23 12 9 0 1 0 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 53

Figure 51. Violation Rate for Follow-Up Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category

6.1.7 Alcohol Test Results for All Test Types by Employee Category 

Table 44 provides alcohol test results for all test types by employee category. Figure 52 illustrates the 

violation rate for all test types by employee category. 

Table 44. Alcohol Test Results for all Test Types by Employee Category

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 54,540 54,291 216 169 51 102 4 29 37

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 11,713 11,657 53 44 13 26 1 2 3 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 3,809 3,794 13 7 4 2 0 2 5 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 1,007 1,004 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 

Armed Security Personnel 1,152 1,149 3 3 2 1 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 503 502 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 

TOTAL 72,724 72,397 288 226 71 133 6 33 50
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 54

Figure 52. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for all Test Types by Employee Category

6.2 Alcohol Results by Employee Category 

This section provides data on alcohol test results for each employee category

6.2.1 Revenue Vehicle Operation Alcohol Test Results

Table 45 provides alcohol test results for revenue vehicle operation by test type. Figure 53 illustrates the 

violation rate for alcohol tests for revenue vehicle operation by test type. 

Table 45. Alcohol Results for Revenue Vehicle Operation by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 9,251 9,235 15 13 5 8 1 0 2 

Random 29,745 29,665 69 51 20 24 2 9 21

Post-Accident 11,638 11,602 27 13 4 8 1 8 9 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 382 284 87 75 14 55 0 11 0 

Return-to-Duty 264 263 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 

Follow- up 3,260 3,242 17 17 8 7 0 1 0 

TOTAL 54,540 54,291 216 169 51 102 4 29 37
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 55

Figure 53. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Revenue Vehicle Operation by Test Type

6.2.2 Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance Alcohol Test Results

Table 46 gives the results of alcohol tests for revenue vehicle and equipment maintenance by test type. 

Figure 54 shows the violation rate for alcohol tests for revenue vehicle and equipment maintenance by 

test type. 

Table 46. Alcohol Results for Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 1,425 1,421 4 3 0 3 0 0 1 

Random 8,103 8,078 23 20 7 9 1 1 2 

Post-Accident 443 442 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 51 30 20 15 3 11 0 1 0 

Return-to-Duty 116 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow- up 1,575 1,570 5 5 3 2 0 0 0 

TOTAL 11,713 11,657 53 44 13 26 1 2 3 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 56

Figure 54. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Revenue Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance by Test Type

6.2.3 Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control Alcohol Test Results

Table 47 provides the results of alcohol tests for revenue vehicle dispatch and control by test type. Figure 

55 illustrates the violation rate for alcohol tests for revenue vehicle dispatch and control by test type.

Table 47. Alcohol Results for Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 310 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Random 3,147 3,138 9 5 3 1 0 0 4 

Post-Accident 82 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 17 11 4 2 1 1 0 2 1 

Return-to-Duty 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow- up 228 228 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 3,809 3,794 13 7 4 2 0 2 5 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 57

Figure 55. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Revenue Vehicle Dispatch/Control by Test Type

6.2.4 CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle Alcohol Test Results

Table 48 provides the results for CDL/Non-Revenue vehicle alcohol tests by test type. Figure 56 shows 

the violation rate for alcohol tests for CDL/Non-Revenue vehicles by test type.

Table 48. Alcohol Results for CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicles by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 111 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Random 741 741 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Post-Accident 50 48 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow- up 87 86 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 1,007 1,004 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 58

Figure 56. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicles by Test Type

6.2.5 Armed Security Personnel Alcohol Test Results

Table 49 gives the results for alcohol tests for armed security personnel by test type. Figure 57 shows the 

violation rate for alcohol tests for armed security personnel by test type. 

Table 49. Alcohol Results for Armed Security Personnel by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 257 256 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

Random 799 799 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Post-Accident 70 69 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow- up 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 1,152 1,149 3 3 2 1 0 0 0 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 59

Figure 57. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Armed Security Personnel by Test Type

6.2.6 Ferry Boat Operation Alcohol Test Results

Table 50 provides the results for alcohol tests for ferry boat operation by test type. Figure 58 illustrates 

the violation rate for alcohol tests for ferry boat operation. 

Table 50. Alcohol Results for Ferry Boat Operation by Test Type

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Random 457 456 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 

Post-Accident 39 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow- up 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 503 502 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 60

Figure 58. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for Ferry Boat Operation by Test Type

6.2.7 Alcohol Test Results for All Employee Categories by Test Type

Table 51 provides alcohol test results by test type for all employee categories. Figure 59 illustrates the 

violation rate for all employee categories by test type. 

Table 51. Alcohol Test Results by Test Type for All Employee Categories

Test Type

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation 

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 11,355 11,334 20 17 6 11 1 0 3 

Random 42,992 42,877 102 77 30 35 3 10 32

Post-Accident 12,322 12,282 30 16 5 10 2 8 9 

Reasonable Suspicion/Cause 459 333 112 93 18 68 0 14 1 

Return-to-Duty 418 417 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 

Follow- up 5,178 5,154 23 23 12 9 0 1 0 

TOTAL 72,724 72,397 288 226 71 133 6 33 50
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 61

Figure 59. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests by Test Type for All Employee Categories

6.3 Alcohol Test Results by Region

6.3.1 Alcohol Test Results for All Employee Categories by Test Type

This section provides alcohol test results for all employee categories within each FTA region, by test type. 

Tables 52 through 61 provide alcohol test results for all employee categories by test type for FTA 

Regions 1 through 10. Figure 60 illustrates the violation rate for random alcohol tests by region. 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 62

Table 52. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 1

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 93 93 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Random 1,495 1,491 4 3 1 2 0 0 3

Post-Accident 508 506 2 2 0 2 0 0 0

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 18 14 4 3 1 2 0 0 0

Return-to-Duty 14 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Follow- up 278 274 4 4 3 1 0 0 0

TOTAL 2,406 2,392 14 12 5 7 0 0 3

Table 53. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 2

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 1,140 1,138 2 2 0 2 0 0 0

Random 10,505 10,479 22 22 8 12 1 3 5

Post-Accident 2,300 2,293 4 3 0 2 1 2 0

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 62 45 14 9 2 7 0 3 0

Return-to-Duty 64 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Follow- up 1,229 1,222 7 7 4 2 0 0 0

TOTAL 15,300 15,241 49 43 14 25 2 8 5
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 63

Table 54. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 3

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 3,443 3,431 12 12 6 6 0 0 0

Random 6,268 6,251 16 15 7 3 1 0 2

Post-Accident 1,542 1,539 3 2 2 0 0 0 0

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 74 52 19 16 5 11 0 3 0

Return-to-Duty 97 97 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Follow- up 1,141 1,133 7 7 2 4 0 1 0

TOTAL 12,565 12,503 57 52 22 24 1 4 2

Table 55. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 4

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 1,057 1,054 3 1 0 1 0 0 0

Random 5,082 5,075 5 4 2 2 1 1 0

Post-Accident 1,613 1,611 0 0 0 0 0 2 1

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 61 45 13 7 1 5 0 3 1

Return-to-Duty 47 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

Follow- up 88 87 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 79,48 7,919 22 13 4 8 1 6 7
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 64

Table 56. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 5

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with Results 

0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with Results 

0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 2,634 2,633 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Random 5,628 5,597 29 10 4 6 0 2 10

Post-Accident 2,042 2,028 14 4 1 3 0 0 1

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 80 55 24 24 2 19 0 1 0

Return-to-Duty 70 69 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Follow- up 670 668 2 2 1 1 0 0 0

TOTAL 11,124 11,050 71 40 8 29 0 3 11

Table 57. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 6

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 839 839 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Random 2,778 2,772 5 4 1 1 0 1 0

Post-Accident 841 839 2 1 0 1 0 0 0

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 26 18 6 5 2 3 0 2 0

Return-to-Duty 14 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Follow- up 73 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 4,571 4,555 13 10 3 5 0 3 0
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 65

Table 58. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 7

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 311 311 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Random 1,255 1,252 3 2 1 1 0 0 0

Post-Accident 341 340 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 13 10 3 3 1 2 0 0 0

Return-to-Duty 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Follow- up 64 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 1,985 1,978 7 6 3 3 0 0 1

Table 59. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 8

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with Results 

0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with Results 

0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 140 138 1 1 0 1 1 0 0

Random 1,637 1,633 4 4 1 2 0 0 6

Post-Accident 312 310 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 21 17 4 3 0 3 0 0 0

Return-to-Duty 19 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Follow- up 334 333 1 1 0 1 0 0 0

TOTAL 2,463 2,450 11 9 1 7 1 1 7
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 66

Table 60. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 9

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 1,574 1,573 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 

Random 6,435 6,422 11 10 3 5 0 2 5 

Post-Accident 2,253 2,247 3 3 1 2 0 3 5 

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 72 52 18 17 3 12 0 2 0 

Return-to-Duty 82 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow- up 1,169 1,169 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 11,585 11,545 33 31 7 20 0 7 13

Table 61. Alcohol Test Results for all Employee Categories by Test Type for Region 10

Type of Test

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Pre-Employment 124 124 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Random 1,909 1,905 3 3 2 1 0 1 1 

Post-Accident 570 569 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 

Reasonable 

Suspicion/Cause 32 25 7 6 1 4 0 0 0 

Return-to-Duty 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Follow- up 132 131 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 2,777 2,764 11 10 4 5 1 1 1 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 67

Figure 60. Violation Rate for Random Alcohol Tests by Region

6.3.2 Alcohol Test Results for All Test Types by Employee Category 

This section provides alcohol test results for all test types within each FTA region, by employee category. 

Tables 62 through 71 provide alcohol test results for all test types by employee category for Regions 1 

through 10. 

Table 62. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 1

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 1,888 1,875 13 11 5 6 0 0 3 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 341 340 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 125 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 36 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 2,406 2,392 14 12 5 7 0 0 3 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 68

Table 63. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 2

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 10,097 10,065 24 20 6 12 1 7 0 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 3,420 3,401 17 16 5 10 1 1 1 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 924 919 5 4 2 1 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 69 67 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 313 313 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 477 476 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 

TOTAL 15,300 15,241 49 43 14 25 2 8 5 

Table 64. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 3

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 9,638 9,591 42 38 17 17 1 4 2 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 1,929 1,917 12 11 3 6 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 421 420 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 278 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 299 297 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 12,565 12,503 57 52 22 24 1 4 2 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 69

Table 65. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 4

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 5,909 5,886 17 10 3 6 1 5 6 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 1,158 1,154 4 3 1 2 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 542 540 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 203 203 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 136 136 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 7,948 7,919 22 13 4 8 1 6 7 

Table 66. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 5

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 8,680 8,618 59 34 7 25 0 3 11

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 1,750 1,743 7 4 0 3 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 583 578 5 2 1 1 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 89 89 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 22 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 11,124 11,050 71 40 8 29 0 3 11
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 70

Table 67. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 6

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 3,412 3,400 11 9 2 5 0 1 0 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 600 597 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 305 304 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 101 101 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 153 153 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 4,571 4,555 13 10 3 5 0 3 0 

Table 68. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 7

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 1,758 1,752 6 6 3 3 0 0 1 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 125 124 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 62 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 33 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 1,985 1,978 7 6 3 3 0 0 1 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 71

Table 69. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 8

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 1,960 1,947 11 9 1 7 1 1 3 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 308 308 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 121 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 55 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Armed Security Personnel 19 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 2,463 2,450 11 9 1 7 1 1 7 

Table 70. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 9

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 8,987 8,955 25 24 4 17 0 7 10

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 1,710 1,704 6 6 2 3 0 0 2 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 581 580 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 126 126 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 166 165 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 11,585 11,545 33 31 7 20 0 7 13
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 72

Table 71. Alcohol Test Results by Employee Category for all Test Types for Region 10

Employee Category

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Revenue Vehicle Operation 2,211 2,202 8 8 3 4 0 1 1 

Revenue Vehicle and 

Equipment Maintenance 372 369 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 

Revenue Vehicle 

Control/Dispatch 145 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CDL/Non-Revenue Vehicle 47 46 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 

Armed Security Personnel 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ferry Boat Operation 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 2,777 2,764 11 10 4 5 1 1 1 

Table 72 provides alcohol results for all employee categories and test types for each region. Figure 61 

illustrates the violation rate for all test types by region.

Table 72. Alcohol Test Results for All Employee Categories and Test Types by Region

FTA Region

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with 

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

1 2,406 2,392 14 12 5 7 0 0 3 

2 15,300 15,241 49 43 14 25 2 8 5 

3 12,565 12,503 57 52 22 24 1 4 2 

4 7,948 7,919 22 13 4 8 1 6 7 

5 11,124 11,050 71 40 8 29 0 3 11

6 4,571 4,555 13 10 3 5 0 3 0 

7 1,985 1,978 7 6 3 3 0 0 1 

8 2,463 2,450 11 9 1 7 1 1 7 

9 11,585 11,545 33 31 7 20 0 7 13

10 2,777 2,764 11 10 4 5 1 1 1 

TOTAL 72,724 72,397 288 226 71 133 6 33 50
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 73

Figure 61. Violation Rate for Alcohol Tests for All Test Types by FTA Region

6.3.3 Alcohol Test Results for Transit Employers and Contractors 

Table 73 provides alcohol test results for transit system employers for all test types by region. Table 74 

provides alcohol test results for contractors for all test types by region. Figure 62 illustrates the violation 

rate for contractors and transit systems for all test types by region. 

Table 73. Alcohol Test Results for Transit System Employers for All Test Types by Region

Region

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Region 1 1,287 1,279 8 8 5 3 0 0 2 

Region 2 12,104 12,065 39 39 13 22 0 0 4 

Region 3 8,402 8,358 43 39 16 17 0 1 0 

Region 4 4,568 4,554 11 7 3 3 0 3 1 

Region 5 5,451 5,420 30 20 6 12 0 1 2 

Region 6 3,000 2,987 11 9 3 5 0 2 0 

Region 7 826 823 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 

Region 8 947 944 2 2 0 2 0 1 2 

Region 9 7,089 7,070 17 16 4 10 0 2 10

Region 10 1,830 1,821 8 8 4 3 1 0 0 

TOTAL 45,504 45,321 172 150 56 77 1 10 21

 
Drug and Alcohol Testing 2009 Annual Report 74

Table 74. Alcohol Test Results for Contractors for All Test Types by Region

Region

Total Number of Screening 

Test Results

Screening Tests with

Results Below 0.02

Screening Tests with 

Results 0.02 or Greater

Number of Confirmation 

Tests Results

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.02 Through 0.039

Confirmation Tests with 

Results 0.04 or Greater

Refusal Results

Cancelled Results

“Shy Lung” With no 

Medical Explanation

Other Refusals to 

Submit to Testing

Region 1 604 600 4 2 0 2 0 0 0 

Region 2 2,961 2,941 10 4 1 3 2 8 1 

Region 3 3,518 3,500 14 13 6 7 1 3 2 

Region 4 1,553 1,544 7 5 1 4 0 2 1 

Region 5 4,492 4,454 37 16 1 14 0 1 9 

Region 6 670 669 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

Region 7 548 546 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 

Region 8 1,110 1,100 9 7 1 5 1 0 4 

Region 9 4,006 3,986 15 14 3 9 0 5 1 

Region 10 587 584 2 2 0 2 0 1 0 

TOTAL 20,049 19,924 100 65 13 48 4 21 18

Figure 62. Violation Rate for Transit Systems and Contractors for all Test Types by Region