# Patent

## Title
System and method for multicolumn sorting in a single column

## Abstract

A system for multicolumn ordering includes a processor and a data store. The data store stores a table including a plurality of category and data columns. The processor applies key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of the data columns to form and store in the data store a set of prefixed data values. The processor then orders the set of prefixed data values in a first compound column and one or more category columns in a second compound column and responsive to the first and second compound columns selects and stores a subset for further processing.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field of the Invention
This invention relates to sorting technology. More particularly, it relates to multicolumn sorting in one column.
2. Background Art
The IBM Lotus Notes (TM) program currently provides a multiple column sort capability for non-restricted document views. Views are dynamically changing windows in a Notes database for organizing and locating documents. When the view is embedded and restricted by category, then the multiple column sort capability is unavailable. In Notes, an embedded object, such as a view, is an object that becomes part of a Notes document.
One approach to providing multiple column sort capability in embedded views restricted by category is with the use of multiple Notes views, at the cost of large overhead on the system for maintaining these multiple Notes views. Maintenance cost increases when servicing or updating multiple views. Another approach is to sort data inline with every query request. There is a need, therefore, to provide improved server performance, by providing multicolumn sort capability with fewer views while avoiding having to sort data inline with every query request.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved system and method for sorting on multiple columns when multiple column sort capability is not available or efficient.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A system and method for multicolumn ordering by applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of data columns to form a set of prefixed data values; ordering the set of prefixed data values in a first compound column; and selecting from that ordered set a subset for further processing.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer program product configured to be operable for ordering in a single column a table having a plurality of category and data columns by use of column key prefixes on column values.
Other features and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an embedded subsetted view restricted by category within the view framework of Notes.
FIG. 2 illustrates the format of a portion of a Notes document table including category columns requester 41 and initiator 43 and a plurality of data columns 50–58.
FIG. 3 illustrates a view of the document table of FIG. 2, with the category columns 41 and 43 combined into an owner column 42.
FIG. 4 illustrates a subsetted view of the table of FIG. 3 restricted to Bill as owner (either requester or initiator).
FIG. 5 illustrates a specialized view of the table of FIG. 2 with two sorted compound fields (owner and data) in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of the format of a row entry in the specialized view of the table of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 illustrates a portion of the specialized view of FIG. 5 selected to show the application of Notes methods: GetFirstEntry, GetNthEntry, GetAllEntriesByKey, and GetLastEntry.
FIG. 8 illustrates an embedded view derived from the embedded view of FIG. 4 showing the amount column sorted in descending order in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic illustration of formats of row entries in the specialized view of FIG. 10, illustrating concatenation of data fields for nested sorting in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 illustrates a specialized view showing concatenated data fields for nested sorting.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart representation of the initialization steps of an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 12A through 12F are a flow chart representation of an illustrative embodiment of the invention for collecting into local arrays column sorted data for presentation in an embedded view.



MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In accordance with the preferred system and method of the invention, multicolumn ordering is accomplished in a single column by use of column key prefixes on column values.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention draw upon the methods of the IBM Lotus Notes (TM) program.
Referring to FIG. 1, a diagrammatic view illustrates an embedded subsetted view 30 within the view framework of Notes restricted by category. Non-restricted document view 20 includes category 22 and data columns 24, 26. In the prior art, when selecting portion 28 restricted to a specific category 22 for display in embedded view 30, the ability to sort data on columns 24 or 26 is lost. In accordance with the present invention, data columns 24 and/or 26 may be sorted in ascending or descending mode.
Referring to FIG. 2, the format of a portion of a Notes document table 40 is illustrated including category columns requester 41 and initiator 43, document reference number column 44, and a plurality of data columns including number of items 50, creation date 52, dollar amount 54, first supplier 56, and first item 58.
Referring to FIG. 3, a modified view of Notes document table 40 illustrates a table of data for a collection of Notes documents, in which the requester 41 and initiator 43 columns have been combined into an owner column 42, and data columns including document reference number 44, number of items 50, creation date 52, dollar amount 54, first supplier 56 and first item 58. In this example, Bill is both requester 41 and initiator 43 of document reference number 6, and the requester 41 and initiator 43 are different for the other illustrated entries in table 40.
Referring to FIG. 4, a subsetted view of the table of FIG. 3 is illustrated which is restricted to include only rows or entries in which Bill is the owner 42 (that is, either requester 41 or initiator 43). Primary key 62 and column keys 64, 66 will be described hereafter in connection with sorting and nested sorting, respectively.
Referring to FIG. 5, a specialized view 80 of the table of FIG. 2 is illustrated with two sorted compound fields (owner 42 and data 84) in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
In order to provide the ability to sort on several columns 41–58 in a Notes view, including at least one restricting column 41, 43 and a plurality of data columns 50–58, a first sorted compound column (herein, owner 42) is created from the restricting columns 41, 43 and a second sorted compound column 84 is created from the data columns 50–58 and prefix data, or column keys, 64.
Referring to FIG. 6, the format of a row entry 90 in the specialized view of the table of FIG. 5 is shown. A first compound column 42 is sorted on primary key 62 which, in the example of FIG. 4, includes owner column 42. A second compound column 94 is sorted on column key 64, including prefix values 70–74 and corresponding data columns 54–58, as will be illustrated hereafter. Referring to FIG. 5, before sorting the second compound column 84, a key 64 (preferably in character format) is prefixed to each data value 98, which key identifies the specific data column 54–58 for that data value. Since the prefix is character in format, the data values 54–58 are converted to some appropriate character representation to ensure proper sorting. In this manner, a date column may be formatted as year, month and day, or YYYYMMDD. Number values would be left padded to represent the integer values by numbers of an appropriate length for proper ordering (so that 002 comes before 010, else 2 would come after 10 based on a comparison of first characters). A key/data delimiter, such as colon “:” 96, is inserted between column key 64 and data value 98.
View 80 is defined to ‘show multiple values as separate entries’. So that instead of one document record in the view with six item column values, there are six separate document records with single values in a sorted second column 84.
The resulting view 80 shows a first column 42 that is sorted by owner (requester 41 or initiator 43), and a second column 84 that is sorted by data type 70, 72, 74 first and within data type by the value 98 of the data type. In this manner, for a table of N data columns 54–58 (those data columns selected for sort from a table which may include many more data columns, such as columns 50 and 52), N different sorts are combined into one column 84. In the example of FIGS. 4 and 5, N=3.
Referring to FIG. 7, a portion of the specialized view of FIG. 5 is selected to show the application of Notes methods: GetFirstEntry 110, GetNthEntry 112, GetAllEntriesByKey 114, and GetLastEntry 116.
For example, view 80 is opened by a Notes Agent to execute GetAllEntriesByKey 114. As input to this request, the owner name 42 is the first key 62 to match on, and the second key is the prefix value 64 so that the second column 84 is matched (not an exact match) on just the prefix 64. This process extracts from view 80 a unique set of documents that are sorted as illustrated by view 100 by the compound value prefix|data 64|98.
Referring to FIG. 8, an embedded view 120 derived from the embedded view of FIG. 4 shows the amount column 54 sorted in descending order in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
The above described GetAllEntriesByKey method 114 results in a NotesViewEntryCollection which includes a count property that yields the number of documents in the result set 120. (In this example, there are 15 rows, and the count property is 15.) A NotesViewEntryCollection represents a collection of view entries of type document sorted in view order.
GetFirstEntry 110, GetLastEntry 116, GetNextEntry, GetNthEntry 112 and GetPrevEntry methods allow navigation to a set of documents 108 that are of interest. Since the document set is ordered (as illustrated from rows 102 through 106 of FIG. 7), they are sorted in the same order, either ascending or descending, and these methods and the count property provide sufficient tools to identify the set of documents from either the top 102 of the list or the bottom 106 for posting as view 120 back to the user.
Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, concatenation of data fields 54, 56 for nested sorting in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated. In order to post back to the user a view in which a plurality of columns 54, 56 are sorted in nested fashion, a prefix value 76 may be appended to a concatenation of that plurality of columns 54, 56, and then sorted as above along with column keys 78, 144 and data 58, 146, respectively, into second compound column 142 of specialized view 140. Rows 138 illustrated the sorted concatenated data values.
Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12A through 12F in connection with FIG. 7 and Table 1, an exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated by pseudo code and flow charts. As used in Table 1, a Notes session is the root of the Domino Objects containment hierarchy, providing access to the other Domino objects, and represents the Domino environment of the current program. A specific view is a named Notes view. A view entry collection represents a collection of view entries, selected according to specific criteria. This class mainly provides a collection of documents in a view-sorted order. In the agent, document information is being collected. How many documents this is done for depends on a page size. The agent is filling this space/page with document data—therefore the reference to a data page. A local array is a data structure local to the processing agent to serve as the collection area for the view data of interest. Notes agents are stand-alone programs that perform a specific task in one or more databases. In steps 220, 222, the “specific method” refers to GetLastEntry and GetFirstEntry versus GetNthEntry. The document entry in step 244 refers to a Notes View Entry, and represents a view entry. A view entry represents a row in a view. In this case, row reflects a Notes Document. For a Notes View Entry, the underlying document may be accessed via the property “Document” of the Notes View Entry. Thus, the document referred to in step 246 corresponds to a line of data from the view. At step 266, the needed data has been captured into local arrays. It is expected that the code following this point will format the data and present it to a Web page.







TABLE 1





PSEUDO CODE REPRESENTATION OF


AN ALGORITHM FOR MULTICOLUMN


SORTING IN ONE COLUMN
















1
Step 202: Define a Notes Session.


2
Step 204: For the Notes Session, define a Notes Database


3
link to the current database.


4
Step 206: Define a Notes View to a specific view in the


5
current database.


6
 View 100 has 2 sorted columns 42, 94.


7
  First column 42 is multivalued - represents unique


8
  document owners (in this case, Bill)


9
  Second column 94 is multivalued - all data has


10
  been converted in the document to character


11
  appropriately padded on the front to allow for


12
  correct sorting alignments


13
  within the second column 94, every value is


14
  uniquely prefixed with a column number 64


15
  followed by a colon 96:


16
   01: yyyy/mm/dd (date)


17
   02: $$$$$$$$$$ (dollar value front padded


18
           with zeros to maximum $ value)


19
   03: nnnnnnnnn (number front padded with


20
           zeros to maximum size)


21
   04: text


22
 The view 100 is defined to break up these multivalued


23
 entities into separate view rows.


24
Thus, a multicolumn, bidirectional (done with programming)


25
sort is provided in a single column 94. The algorithm below


26
extracts the required data from the view 100.


27
Step 210: Get the input parameters: sort direction, column


28
index, desired page number, page size, and owner.


29
Step 212: Based on page size and desired page number,


30
compute starting record number.


31
Step 214: Define keys to restrict view.


32
 First key 42 is full key representing one of the


33
 document owners (in this example: Bill).


34
 Second key is a partial one having the prefix 64


35
 corresponding to the column of interest (e.g. “02”)


36
 (colon 96 is used in prefix 64 to distinguish it from


37
 remainder of column data 98)


38
Step 216: Define a View entry collection using defined keys


39
42, 64. Resulting view entry collection is a restricted


40
list 100 where the owner matches one of the owners (e.g.,


41
Bill), sorted on the indicated column 94).


42
Step 218: Note the View entry collection result count (In


43
this example, 15, the number of rows sorted on key 02 in


44
FIG. 5).


45
Step 220: Based on direction and starting row, set pointer


46
for first display document.


47
 (If at top or bottom of collection, quicker to use


48
 specific method rather than getting Nth entry.)


49
Step 222: If (Sort Direction is descending) Then


50
 Step 224: If (Starting Record is 1) Then ‘ First or


51
 bottom entry 106 in collection


52


53
  Step 226: Set DocumentEntry =


54
  ViewCollection.GetLastEntry( )


55
 Else ‘ Middle of collection 104/reverse order


56
  Step 228: Set DocumentEntry =


57
  ViewCollection.GetNthEntry( CollectionCount less


58
  StartingRecord )


59
 End If


60
Else ‘ Sort Direction is ascending


61
 Step 230: If (Starting Record is 1) Then ‘ First or top


62
 entry 102 in collection


63
  Step 232: Set DocumentEntry =


64
  ViewCollection.GetFirstEntry( )


65
 Else ‘ Middle 104 of collection


66
  Step 234: Set DocumentEntry =


67
  ViewCollection.GetNthEntry( StartingRecord )


68
 End If


69
End If


70
Step 236: Create array structure to hold required document


71
data.


72
Step 238: Initialize documents captured to zero.


73
Step 240: Reset the next data page flag.


74
Step 240: Reset the page full flag.


75
Steps 242–264: Do While (DocumentEntry Is Available) ‘ If


76
we have a DocumentEntry to look at, start the look


77


78
 Step 244: For the DocumentEntry, get the Document.


79
 Step 246: If (Document is available) Then


80
  Step 248: If (Page full flag is set, then


81
  document represents start of another data page)


82
  Then


83
   Step 264: Set next data page flag to


84
   indicate that there is more data after this


85
   page


86
   Exit Do


87
  End If


88


89
  Step 250: Get required document data into local


90
  arrays for later presentation


91
  Step 252: Increment counter of documents captured


92
  for current data page.


93
  Step 254: If (Documents captured equals the page


94
  size) Then


95
   Step 256: Set page full flag


96
  End If


97
 End If


98
 Based on sort direction, get the next DocumentEntry


99
 Step 258: If (Sort Direction is Descending) Then


100
  Step 260: Get Previous DocumentEntry


101
 Else


102
  Step 262: Get Next DocumentEntry


103
 End If


104


105
Loop


106
Step 266: Required data (if present) is in local arrays to


107
further process as required.









By sorting on two columns 42, 84, when view restrictions are applied, a view 100 is presented which in a first step includes only a specified person's (Bill) data. In a second step, a Notes agent ripples through the clustered data to pull off what is needed to present to the user a view of his data in sorted order. The key 64 applied to the data values 98 collapses multiple columns 50–58 into one column 94.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, one database is conceptualized. However, it may be implemented with N databases, in which case it would only be required to keep track of a next record to retrieve based on the largest (or smallest) record remaining in the N databases.
Advantages over the Prior Art
It is an advantage of the invention that there is provided an improved system and method for sorting on multiple columns when multiple column sort capability is not available or efficient.
Alternative Embodiments
It will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, it is within the scope of the invention to provide a computer program product or program element, or a program storage or memory device such as a solid or fluid transmission medium, magnetic or optical wire, tape or disc, or the like, for storing signals readable by a machine, for controlling the operation of a computer according to the method of the invention and/or to structure its components in accordance with the system of the invention.
Further, each step of the method may be executed on any general computer, such as IBM Systems designated as zSeries, iSeries, xSeries, and pSeries, or the like and pursuant to one or more, or a part of one or more, program elements, modules or objects generated from any programming language, such as C++, Java, Pl/1, Fortran or the like. And still further, each said step, or a file or object or the like implementing each said step, may be executed by special purpose hardware or a circuit module designed for that purpose.
Accordingly, the scope of protection of this invention is limited only by the following claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A computer implemented method for improved server performance in response to a query request by presenting to a user a set of documents in an embedded view derived by multicolumn ordering of data columns in a table having a plurality of N columns in a digital storage device, comprising:
applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of N−1 of said data columns to form in said digital storage device a set of prefixed data values in a single column;
ordering said set of prefixed data values in a first compound column of data in said digital storage device;
concatenating at least two of said data columns to form a set of concatenated data values;
applying a key prefix to said concatenated data values to form a set of concatenated prefixed data values;
ordering said set of prefixed data values and said set of concatenated prefixed data values in said first compound column;
responsive to said ordering, extracting from said table and posting said set of documents in an embedded view to said user; and
navigating to a document selected by said user from said embedded view.

2. The method of claim 1, said selecting comprising:
ordering a plurality of restricting columns in a second compound column; and
selecting said subset with reference to said second compound column.

3. A computer implemented method for improved server performance an response to a query request by presenting to a user a set of documents in an embedded view derived by multicolumn ordering of data columns in a table having a plurality of N columns in a digital storage device, comprising:
applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of N−1 of said data columns to form in said digital storage device a set of prefixed data values in a single column;
ordering said set of prefixed data values in a first compound column of data in said digital storage device;
selecting from said ordered set a subset for further processing;
ordering a plurality of restricting columns in a second compound column;
selecting said subset with reference to said second compound column;
concatenating at least two of said data columns to form a set of concatenated data values;
applying a key prefix to said concatenated data values to form a set of concatenated prefixed data values;
ordering said set of prefixed data values and said set of concatenated prefixed data values in said first compound column;
responsive to said ordering, extracting from said table and posting said set of documents in an embedded view to said user; and
navigating to a document selected by said user from said embedded view.

4. A computer implemented method for improved server performance in response to a query request by presenting to a user a set of documents in an embedded view derived by multicolumn ordering of row entries in a table stored in a digital storage device, comprising:
applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of data columns of said table to form a set of prefixed data values;
ordering said set of prefixed data values from a plurality of data columns in a single compound column of said table;
ordering a plurality of restricting columns in a second compound column of said table by concatenating at least two of said data columns to form a set of concatenated data values and applying a key prefix to said concatenated data values to form a set of concatenated prefixed data values;
selecting responsive to said second compound column from said single compound column an ordered subset of row entries for further processing by said computer;
responsive to said ordering, extracting from said table and posting said set of documents in an embedded view to said user; and
navigating to a document selected by said user from said embedded view.

5. A computer system for improved server performance in response to a query request by presenting to a user a set of documents in an embedded view derived by multicolumn ordering of data stored in a computer storage device, comprising:
a processor;
said computer storage device for storing a table including a plurality of category and data columns;
said processor for applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of said data columns of said table to form in a single column a set of prefixed data values;
said processor further for orderincr said set of prefixed data values in a first compound column in said storage device;
said processor further for concatenating at least two of said data columns to form a set of concatenated data values;
said processor further for applying a key prefix to said concatenated data values to form a set of concatenated prefixed data values;
said processor further for ordering said set of prefixed data values and said set of concatenated prefixed data values in said first compound column;
responsive to said ordering, extracting from said table and posting said set of documents in an embedded view to said user; and
navigating to a document selected by said user from said embedded view.

6. The computer system of claim 5, further comprising:
said computer storage device further for storing in a second compound column an ordered set of a plurality of restricting columns; and
said processor further for selecting said subset with reference to said second compound column.

7. A computer system for improved server performance in response to a query request by presenting to a user a set of documents in an embedded view derived by multicolumn ordering of data stored in a computer storage device, comprising:
a processor;
said computer storage device for storing a table including a plurality of category and data columns;
said processor for applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of said data columns of said table to form in a single column a set of prefixed data values;
said processor further for ordering said set of prefixed data values in a first compound column in said storage device;
said computer storage device further for storing in a second compound column an ordered set of a plurality of restricting columns;
said processor further for selecting said subset with reference to said second compound column;
said processor further for concatenating at least two of said data columns to form a set of concatenated data values;
said processor further for applying a key prefix to
said concatenated data values to form a set of concatenated prefixed data values;
said processor further for ordering said set of prefixed data values and said set of concatenated prefixed data values in said first compound column;
said processor further responsive to said ordering, for extracting from said table and costing said set of documents in an embedded view to said user; and
said processor further for navigating to a document selected by said user from said embedded view.

8. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a machine to perform method steps improved server performance in response to a query request by presenting to a user a set of documents in an embedded view derived by for multicolumn ordering, said method comprising:
applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of data columns stored in a table in a computer storage device to form a set of prefixed data values;
ordering said set of prefixed data values in a single first compound column in said computer storage device;
concatenating at least two of said data columns to form a set of concatenated data values;
applying a key prefix to said concatenated data values to form a set of concatenated prefixed data values;
ordering said set of prefixed data values and said set of concatenated prefixed data values in said first compound column;
responsive to said ordering, extracting from said table and posting said set of documents in an embedded view to said user; and
navigating to a document selected by said user from said embedded view.

9. The program storage device of claim 8, said selecting comprising:
ordering a plurality of restricting columns in a second compound column in said computer storage device; and
selecting said subset with reference to said second compound column.

10. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by a machine for improved server performance in response to a query request by presenting to a user a set of documents in an embedded view derived by multicolumn ordering, comprising:
applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of data columns stored in a table in a computer storage device to form a set of prefixed data values;
ordering said set of prefixed data values in a single first compound column in said computer storage device;
ordering a plurality of restricting column in a second compound column in said computer storage device; and
selecting said subset with reference to said second compound column;
concatenating at least two of said data columns to form in said computer storage device a set of concatenated data values;
applying a key prefix to said concatenated data values to form a set of concatenated prefixed data values in said computer storage device;
ordering said set of prefixed data values and said set of concatenated prefixed data values in said first compound column;
responsive to said ordering, extracting from said table and posting said set of documents in an embedded view to said user; and
navigating to a document selected by said user from said embedded view.

11. A computer program product for improved server performance in response to a query request by presenting to a user a set of documents in an embedded view derived by multicolumn ordering of row entries in a table in a computer storage device, said computer program product comprising:
a computer readable medium;
first program instructions for applying key prefixes to column data values of a plurality of data columns of said table to form a set of prefixed data values;
second program instructions for ordering said set of prefixed data values from a plurality of data columns of said table in a single compound column;
third program instructions for ordering a plurality of restricting columns of said table in a second compound column of said table by concatenating at least two of said data columns to form a set of concatenated data values and applying a key prefix to said concatenated data values to form a set of concatenated prefixed data values; and
fourth program instructions for selecting responsive to said second compound column from said single compound column an ordered subset of row entries of said table for further processing;
fifth program instructions responsive to said ordering, for extracting from said table and posting said set of documents in an embedded view to said user;
sixth program instructions for navigating to a document selected by said user from said embedded view; and wherein
said first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth program instructions are recorded on said computer readable medium.