# SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ®

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HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC 

# December 15, 2009

Brian H. West

Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

NTRC Building

2360 Cherahala Boulevard

Knoxville, TN 37932

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 14 for the Period November 1 through November 30,

2009; for the program, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol

Blends," UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge Na tional Laboratory Subcontract No. 4000071456,

CRC Project E-87-2, SwRI Projects 03.14530 and 03.15340.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and

E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting ca talyst and oxygen sensor temperat ures. This project will also

generate valuable data on vehi cle emissions and performance.

Vehicles selected for this st udy will include a wide range of manufacturers across several

model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehi cles that have been identified

as having leaner and hotter opera tion on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open

throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large

numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknow n open-loop fuel control at WOT

may also be selected.

In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three

levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, a nd E20) and compare emissions and vehicle

performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service

accumulation and emissions testing are to be perf ormed on multiple sets of matched vehicles.

For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged a nd emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0,

E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three adde d service accumulation

levels: 0 miles (start of service accumula tion), between 25,000 and 50,000 miles (mid service

accumulation level), and at the end of the vehi cle’s full-useful life (nominally 120,000 miles).

Beginning in August 2009, selected ne w vehicle sets will be tested with E0, E15, and E20 fuels.

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

December 15, 2009

Page 2 of 6



# 2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PERI OD NOVEMBER 1-30, 2009

2.1 Honda Accords and Chevrolet Silverados

The Honda Accords and Chevrolet Silver ados have completed vehicle service

accumulation and emissions testing to 120,000 odometer miles during previous reporting

periods. Vehicle FTP emissions test data at 0 and 50,000 test miles, and 120,000 odometer miles

for the Accords are provided in Appendix A, Tables A1, A2, and A3, respectively. Silverado

vehicle FTP emissions test data at 0 and 50,000 test miles, and 120,000 odometer miles is

provided in Appendix A, Tables A4, A5, and A6, respectively.

2.2 Nissan Altimas

The Nissan Altima vehicle set completed mileage accumulation to 120,000 odometer

miles on the highest mileage vehicle. Emissions test data for the Altimas at 0 and 50,000 test

miles are provided in Appendix A, Tables A7 and A8, respectively. Nissan Altima emissions

testing at 120,000 odometer miles is scheduled to begin in December.

2.3 Ford Tauruses

The Ford Taurus vehicle set completed service accumulation to 50,000 test miles, and

Taurus emissions testing resumed during this re porting period. Taurus emissions data at zero

test miles are given in Appendix A, Table A-9. Emissions data at 50,000 test miles conducted

and processed to date are given in Table A-10. Ford Taurus ve hicle set emissions testing at

50,000 odometer miles will continue in December. Taurus set service accumulation to

approximately 120,000 odometer miles is scheduled to begin in January.

2.4 Dodge Caravans and Chevrolet Cobalts

The Dodge Caravan and Chevrolet Cobalt ve hicle sets began service accumulation to

50,000 test miles this reporting period. Mileage accumulation to the interim service level on the

Caravan and Cobalt vehicle sets is expected to co ntinue through December and finish in January.

Vehicle emissions test data for the Dodge Caravan vehicle set ar e provided in Appendix

A, Table A-11. Emissions test data processed to date for the Cobalt vehi cle set is provided in

Appendix A, Table A-12. The Cobalt vehicle set is the first set to have three vehicles (no E10

vehicle).

2.5 Vehicle Procurement – 2007 Dodge Calibers, 2006 Nissan Quests, 2002 Nissan

Frontiers, and Other Non-Tier 2 Vehicles

Dodge Caliber, Nissan Quest, and Nissan Frontier vehicle sets were previously

authorized for procurement. Descrip tions of these vehicle sets follow:

• 2007 Dodge Caliber, 2.0 L I-4 engine, CVT automatic transmission, EPA engine family:

7CRXB02.4ME5

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

December 15, 2009

Page 3 of 6



# • 2006 Nissan Quest minivan, 3.5 L V-6 engine , 5-speed automatic transmission, EPA

engine family: 6NSXT03.5G7B

• 2002 Nissan Frontier 2WD pickup truck, 2.4 L I-4 engine, 4-speed automatic

transmission, EPA engine family: 2NSXT02.4C4A

Three 2007 Dodge Calibers ha ve been obtained by SwRI.. These vehicles have been

checked in and have been set up for testing in the program. Specifications for the Dodge

Calibers are provided in Appendix B. Photog raphs of Dodge Caliber vehicle ORCA15 are

provided in Figures 1 and 2.

The three matching 2006 Nissan Quests have been identified and purchased. SwRI has

made arrangements to have these vehicles shippe d to San Antonio. Once the Quests arrive, they

will be prepared for use in the project.

Southwest Research will conti nue with search efforts for the 2002 Nissan Frontiers. As

vehicles are received by SwRI, they will be inspected, insured, and prepared for testing.

Three additional project vehicles were iden tified at the project re view meeting attended

by project stakeholders on November 5, 2009. The ne xt vehicle models authorized for purchase

are three non-Tier 2 models, namely the 2000 Ford Focus 2.0L, the 2002 Dodge Durango 4.7L,

and the 2000 Honda Accord 2.3L. SwRI will begin procurement efforts for these vehicles

starting January 2010.

2.6 Wide-Open-Throttle Vehicle Accelera tion and Lambda Measurement Tests

Wide-open-throttle (WOT) ve hicle acceleration tests have been performed in conjunction

with emissions testing at each emissions test in terval. Wide-open-throttle performance tests

include recordings of data from several on-b oard engine operating pa rameters. Included are

closed-loop continuous lambda data measured with the vehicle operating on E0 and on E20

project test fuels. WOTs are performed fo llowing moderate vehicl e operation (three UDDS

preps) on the new test fuel in order to permit th e vehicle to “learn” the new fuel prior to the

WOT test. Data from approximately 90 WOT acceleration tests are currently posted on the

project ftp data site. Examples of two WOT data tests from the Ch evrolet Cobalt vehicle test set

is provided in Appendix C.

2.7 Vehicle Oil Consumption

Oil consumption history for the Dodge Cara van and Chevrolet Coba lt vehicle sets have

been recorded by weight. Graphs of oil consump tion versus test miles ar e provided in Appendix

D. There are no concerns with vehi cle oil consumption at this time.

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

December 15, 2009

Page 4 of 6



# FIGURE 1. FRONT VIEW OF 2007 DO DGE CALIBER VEHIC LE ORCA15 ON THE

LEFT FOR EXHAUST SYST EM INSTRUMENTATION

FIGURE 2. REAR VIEW OF 2007 DO DGE CALIBER VEHIC LE ORCA15 ON THE

LIFT FOR EXHAUST SYSTEN INSTRUMENTATION

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

December 15, 2009

Page 5 of 6



# 2.8 Service Accumulation Gasoline (E0)

The availability of commercial gasoline (project E0 durability fuel) remains the same as

reported last month. The availability of local ethanol-free gasoline will continue to be closely

watched for this project. All new fuel deliverie s are checked for possible ethanol content prior to

SwRI accepting fuel for the project.

2.9 Project Review Meeting

Southwest Research Institute hosted a proj ect review meeting on November 5, 2009.

During this meeting, the next th ree project vehicles were iden tified. Meeting minutes will be

posted on the project ftp web site.

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

Nissan Altima emissions testing at 120,000 odom eter miles will begin in the next

reporting period (December).

Ford Taurus vehicle set emissions testin g at 50,000 odometer miles will continue in

December. Taurus vehicle set service accumu lation to approximately 120,000 odometer miles is

scheduled to begin in January.

Mileage accumulation to the interim service level on the Caravan and Cobalt vehicle sets

is expected to continue through December and finish in January.

The Nissan Quests are scheduled to be ship ped to San Antonio in December. Once the

Quests arrive, they will be prepar ed for use in the project.

Search efforts for the 2002 Nissan Frontiers wi ll continue into the next reporting period.

As the Frontiers are received, they will be inspected, insured, and prepared for testing.

SwRI will begin procurement efforts for 2000 Ford Focus, the 2002 Dodge Durango, and

the 2000 Honda Accord vehi cles starting January 2010.

SwRI will continue to monitor the current supplier of project E0 service accumulation

fuel for the anticipated switch to the distributi on of E10 road fuel. When the switch occurs,

SwRI plans to obtain E0 fuel for the project from another source.

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

December 15, 2009

Page 6 of 6



# 4.0 CONCLUSION

If you have any questions rega rding this progress report, pl ease contact Marty Heimrich

at (210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org

.

Prepared by: Approved by:

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White

Manager Director

Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research

and Development



# /sat

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI

Kevin Brunner, SwRI

This report shall not be reproduced, ex cept in full, without the written approv al of Southwest Research Institute ®



# . Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report.

# APPENDIX A

FTP VEHICLE EMISSIONS TEST DATA

2007 Honda Accords

2006 Chevrolet Silverados

2008 Nissan Altimas

2008 Ford Tauruses

2007 Dodge Caravans

2007 Chevrolet Cobalts

# A- 1TABLE A-1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0 MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-E0-F-0k-T8E00.031 0.192 0.014 339.40.0030.028 0.030 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.3 26.352 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-0k-T9 0.037 0.257 0.019 340.80.004 0.033 0.035 0.30.1 0.2 0.9 0.2 26.243ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.036 0.274 0.018 338.7 0.003 0.0330.034 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 26.404 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-0k-T40.036 0.270 0.021 334.40.0040.0310.0330.4 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.2 26.745 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-0k-T2E100.025 0.143 0.020 332.9 0.003 0.0220.024 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.4 25.856 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-0k-T40.028 0.175 0.021 332.30.0030.0240.0270.2 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.5 25.897ORHA15OR-HA15-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.025 0.172 0.014 332.80.0020.0220.0230.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 26.888 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.025 0.183 0.012 332.00.003 0.023 0.024 0.70.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 26.959 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-0k-T2E150.019 0.130 0.015 332.40.0010.0170.0210.0 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.5 25.5010 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-0k-T3 0.016 0.109 0.014 332.20.001 0.014 0.017 0.00.9 0.0 0.6 0.5 25.5211ORHA20OR-HA20-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.027 0.199 0.019 237.20.0030.0250.0260.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 27.3312 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-0k-T40.024 0.173 0.014 328.10.0040.0200.0210.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 27.2713 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-0k-T5E200.023 0.140 0.023 327.30.0040.0190.0230.3 1.6 0.0 0.6 0.6 25.2314 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-0k-T60.021 0.137 0.016 334.70.0030.0170.0210.3 1.5 0.0 0.6 0.7 24.67

# A- 2TABLE A-2. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo.Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOGMethanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.044 0.183 0.023 334.30.0040.040 0.043 0.5 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.3 26.752 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.046 0.176 0.026 336.80.004 0.041 0.043 0.40.0 0.0 1.1 0.3 26.553ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.041 0.359 0.022 322.4 0.005 0.0360.038 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 27.724OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.026 0.217 0.016 323.90.0040.0220.0230.5 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 27.625 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.026 0.191 0.019 318.2 0.004 0.0220.024 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.4 27.046OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.029 0.206 0.029 321.90.0040.0250.0280.7 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.4 26.727ORHA15OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.026 0.191 0.016 336.30.0030.0220.0240.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 26.608 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.185 0.021 339.80.003 0.029 0.031 0.50.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 26.329OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.037 0.173 0.022 324.70.0030.0340.0400.3 1.7 0.0 1.3 0.9 26.1010 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.134 0.025 333.60.003 0.026 0.030 0.21.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 25.4111ORHA20OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.032 0.243 0.020 333.00.0040.0280.0290.5 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 26.8612OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.186 0.023 334.10.0040.0230.0250.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 26.7813OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2E200.026 0.124 0.025 321.20.0030.0220.0260.4 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.8 25.7114OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T3 0.026 0.154 0.023 328.50.0040.0220.0260.2 1.3 0.0 0.8 0.8 25.13

# A- 3TABLE A-3. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 120k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.038 0.242 0.019 325.3 0.004 0.0350.036 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.3 27.492 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T3 0.062 0.212 0.032 331.00.004 0.058 0.061 0.50.2 0.0 1.8 0.4 27.013ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T4E00.039 0.292 0.027 335.2 0.006 0.0330.035 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.2 26.674OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.037 0.304 0.025 330.40.005 0.032 0.034 0.40.1 0.0 1.1 0.3 27.065 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T1E100.029 0.185 0.027 319.1 0.004 0.0240.028 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 26.966OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T2 0.028 0.178 0.026 322.30.005 0.023 0.025 0.00.7 0.1 0.7 0.5 26.697ORHA15OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.034 0.305 0.019 331.3 0.003 0.0310.034 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 26.918 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.012 0.184 0.013 332.80.001 0.010 0.012 0.70.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 26.899OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T1E150.020 0.152 0.026 324.7 0.003 0.016 a a 1.1 0.0 0.7 0.6 26.1110 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.020 0.102 0.022 320.00.003 0.016 0.019 0.00.3 0.1 0.8 0.5 26.5011ORHA20OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T4E00.034 0.260 0.022 325.7 0.004 0.0300.031 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.2 27.4512OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.035 0.272 0.022 323.80.005 0.030 0.033 0.40.2 0.1 0.8 0.2 27.6113OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T1E200.014 0.104 0.014 328.1 0.003 0.0100.016 0.3 1.9 0.0 0.9 0.9 25.1714OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.027 0.176 0.024 328.70.004 0.022 0.028 0.91.6 0.0 0.8 0.9 25.11aMethanol outlier, affected NMOG calculation

# A- 4TABLE A-4. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.057 0.640 0.028 569.8 0.011 0.0460.047 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 15.662 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.050 0.561 0.026 571.80.009 0.040 0.042 0.40.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 15.613ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.061 0.898 0.021 575.5 0.014 0.0460.049 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 15.504OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.055 0.723 0.024 577.60.013 0.041 0.045 0.50.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 15.455 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T3E100.051 0.703 0.025 566.0 0.012 0.0370.041 0.2 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 15.206OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.790 0.028 557.70.013 0.039 0.043 0.41.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 15.427ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.060 0.871 0.019 553.1 0.013 0.0470.050 0.2 0.5 0.0 2.1 0.3 16.138 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.060 0.819 0.022 554.80.013 0.047 0.049 0.40.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 16.089OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T3E150.054 0.792 0.026 552.8 0.012 0.0410.048 0.2 2.8 0.0 0.8 1.2 15.1110 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T4 0.051 0.730 0.028 552.40.013 0.036 0.043 0.32.2 0.0 0.8 1.1 15.1211ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.067 0.919 0.024 554.9 0.013 0.0530.057 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.3 16.0712OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.066 0.905 0.022 558.70.008 0.060 0.062 0.50.3 0.0 0.6 0.2 15.9613OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T3E200.055 0.854 0.023 551.6 0.012 0.0420.051 0.2 3.4 0.0 0.8 1.5 14.9514OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.837 0.023 549.60.013 0.038 0.047 0.53.1 0.1 0.7 1.3 15.01

# A- 5TABLE A-5. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.085 0.613 0.051 547.8 0.022 0.0620.066 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 16.292 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.071 0.737 0.042 542.70.015 0.054 0.058 1.00.3 0.6 1.0 0.2 16.443ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.043 0.673 0.025 537.6 0.013 0.0290.034 2.2 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.3 16.604OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.605 0.020 543.40.012 0.020 0.023 0.40.1 0.3 0.9 0.3 16.435 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.079 0.911 0.048 550.4 0.021 0.0560.064 1.2 2.7 0.1 1.1 0.9 15.626OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T3 0.070 0.736 0.044 549.60.021 0.047 0.058 1.54.5 0.0 1.0 0.8 15.657ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.045 0.653 0.020 526.8 0.014 0.0310.034 1.4 0.0 0.3 1.1 0.3 16.948 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.049 0.694 0.025 530.30.014 0.034 0.036 0.30.1 0.0 1.3 0.4 16.839OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.086 0.851 0.046 538.9 0.022 0.0620.077 0.7 6.3 0.0 1.6 1.8 15.4910 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.060 0.742 0.035 540.20.017 0.041 0.050 0.53.4 0.0 1.1 1.3 15.4611ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T3E00.040 0.507 0.022 532.2 0.015 0.0240.027 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.2 16.7812OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.037 0.462 0.022 524.30.012 0.024 0.032 6.30.0 0.7 1.1 0.3 17.0313OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T1E200.081 0.538 0.036 542.4 0.022 0.0560.073 2.8 6.9 0.1 1.0 1.5 15.2214OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.079 0.547 0.037 541.70.022 0.055 0.068 0.55.5 0.0 1.1 1.3 15.24

# A- 6TABLE A-6. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 120k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T3E00.063 0.524 0.023 551.1 0.018 0.0440.045 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 16.202OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T4 0.068 0.563 0.040 551.20.018 0.049 0.051 0.30.1 0.0 1.2 0.3 16.203ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.067 0.721 0.043 551.6 0.016 0.0500.053 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.4 16.184 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.075 0.902 0.049 564.70.018 0.058 0.060 0.50.1 0.0 1.4 0.4 15.795OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T2E100.076 0.752 0.040 564.5 0.020 0.0540.062 0.5 2.9 0.0 1.4 1.1 15.246 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T3 0.077 0.796 0.045 560.40.020 0.054 0.063 0.42.7 0.0 1.5 1.5 15.347ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.093 1.092 0.035 558.5 0.024 0.0670.070 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.4 0.4 15.968OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.084 0.893 0.038 552.40.025 0.057 0.059 0.00.2 0.1 1.2 0.4 16.149 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T1E150.072 0.755 0.033 543.4 0.021 0.0490.059 0.4 3.5 0.0 1.4 1.2 15.3710OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.073 0.759 0.037 547.60.022 0.049 0.060 0.53.6 0.0 1.5 1.6 15.2511ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.092 0.861 0.045 549.8 0.025 0.0660.068 0.5 0.3 0.0 1.3 0.4 16.2212OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.090 0.811 0.054 563.20.024 0.065 0.067 0.30.0 0.0 1.3 0.4 15.8413OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T1E200.060 0.641 0.039 543.7 0.017 0.0420.052 0.4 3.7 0.0 1.4 1.5 15.1814OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.064 0.644 0.038 537.30.018 0.043 0.055 0.44.3 0.0 1.4 1.8 15.36

# A- 7TABLE A-7. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORNA00OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.073 0.497 0.032 309.4 0.006 0.0670.068 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 28.822 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.068 0.425 0.029 311.90.006 0.061 0.062 0.20.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 28.603ORNA10OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.056 0.343 0.023 316.1 0.003 0.0530.054 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 28.234OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.058 0.404 0.025 314.10.006 0.052 0.053 0.20.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.405 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T1E100.059 0.393 0.023 313.3 0.000 0.0580.063 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.7 27.456OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T5 0.060 0.345 0.033 318.10.005 0.055 0.060 0.32.1 0.0 0.5 0.7 27.047ORNA15OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.059 0.392 0.025 317.2 0.006 0.0530.054 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 28.138 OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.059 0.428 0.031 316.60.006 0.053 0.054 0.20.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 28.189OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T1E150.042 0.325 0.022 314.0 0.005 0.0370.042 0.3 2.3 0.0 0.3 0.9 26.6110 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.057 0.429 0.023 308.50.006 0.050 0.056 0.62.4 0.0 0.3 0.8 27.0711ORNA20OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.061 0.382 0.022 319.4 0.005 0.0570.058 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 a12OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.065 0.393 0.027 319.8 0.006 0.059 0.060 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 a13OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T1E200.045 0.307 0.022 308.1 0.000 0.0450.052 0.2 3.2 0.0 0.4 1.1 a14OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T2 0.055 0.322 0.029 306.9 0.005 0.050 0.059 0.2 4.5 0.0 0.4 1.3 aaFuel economy data under review

# A- 8TABLE A-8. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORNA00OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.072 0.557 0.049 323.6 0.006 0.0660.068 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 27.542OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.068 0.589 0.052 320.60.007 0.060 0.062 0.30.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 27.803ORNA10OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T2E00.032 0.253 0.030 305.5 0.005 0.0270.029 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 29.224 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.042 0.203 0.035 305.60.005 0.038 0.039 0.60.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 29.185OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.061 0.482 0.040 316.4 0.007 0.053 a a 2.1 0.1 0.6 0.7 27.176 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.500 0.053311.2 0.007 0.055 a a 2.4 0.1 0.7 0.7 27.627ORNA15OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.060 0.557 0.041 316.4 0.006 0.0530.055 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.218OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.067 0.227 0.041 314.30.006 0.061 0.063 0.20.3 0.0 0.6 0.3 28.419 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.071 0.214 0.052 316.6 0.007 0.0630.072 0.3 4.1 0.0 0.8 1.2 26.4010OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.051 0.215 0.037 324.20.005 0.045 0.052 0.22.9 0.0 0.5 1.0 25.7911ORNA20OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.052 0.488 0.034 321.7 0.006 0.0460.047 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 27.7312OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.052 0.537 0.038 313.30.006 0.046 0.047 0.00.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.4613OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T1E200.063 0.213 0.048 313.1 0.007 0.0550.065 0.3 4.3 0.0 0.7 1.3 26.3714OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.241 0.051 320.10.007 0.054 0.063 0.24.0 0.0 0.6 1.4 25.79aMethanol outliers, affected NMOG calculation

# A- 9TABLE A-9. 2008 FORD TAURUS EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORFT00OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.027 0.517 0.002 441.8 0.004 0.0240.024 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.392OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.030 0.591 0.003 437.20.004 0.026 0.029 1.10.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 20.603ORFT10OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.027 0.303 0.005 431.3 0.003 0.0240.026 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 20.914 OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.021 0.273 0.003 449.30.002 0.019 0.020 0.70.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.075OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T1E100.023 0.271 0.005 448.7 0.003 0.0190.024 0.3 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.4 19.196 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T2 0.026 0.285 0.003 438.70.003 0.023 0.034 1.35.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 19.637ORFT15OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.024 0.337 0.003 434.1 0.003 0.0220.024 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 20.778OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.012 0.2290.001 429.0 0.002 0.010 0.013 0.70.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 21.039 OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T1E150.017 0.303 0.001 422.6 0.003 0.0130.017 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.5 20.0810OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.019 0.297 0.002 425.60.003 0.015 0.021 0.82.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 19.9411ORFT20OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.028 0.509 0.003 439.5 0.004 0.0240.024 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.5012OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.031 0.518 0.003 437.70.004 0.027 0.028 0.40.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.5813OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T1E200.025 0.453 0.003 424.5 0.004 0.0200.028 1.7 2.6 0.3 0.2 0.7 19.4614OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.021 0.310 0.002 426.80.003 0.017 0.024 0.82.7 0.0 0.2 0.9 19.37aMethanol outlier, affected NMOG calculation

# A- 10TABLE A-10. 2008 FORD TAURUS EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHC1ORFT00OR-FT00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.0280.398 0.006 441.6 0.008 0.021 20.412 OR-FT00-1-E0-F-50k-T20.0280.406 0.006 429.7 0.008 0.019 20.973ORFT10OR-FT10-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.0300.294 0.009 438.2 0.006 0.024 20.584OR-FT10-1-E0-F-50k-T2Data being processed5 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.0320.717 0.020 429.7 0.007 0.025 20.01OR-FT10-1-E10-F-50k-T20.0310.488 0.008 431.7 0.008 0.022 19.936 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-50k-T30.0230.285 0.005 417.4 0.007 0.015 20.637ORFT15OR-FT15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.0270.371 0.006 433.7 0.007 0.020 20.788OR-FT15-1-E0-F-50k-T20.0240.292 0.005 426.0 0.009 0.016 21.179OR-FT15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.0270.370 0.014 429.9 0.011 0.015 19.7410OR-FT15-1-E15-F-50k-T20.0280.409 0.021 426.0 0.011 0.016 19.9111ORFT20OR-FT20-1-E0-F-50k-T1E0Data being processed.12 OR-FT20-1-E0-F-50k-T413OR-FT20-1-E20-F-50k-T1E2014OR-FT20-1-E20-F-50k-T2

# A- 11TABLE A-11. 2007 DODGE CARAVAN EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORDC00OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.045 1.415 0.037 447.9 0.007 0.0380.039 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 20.052 OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.057 1.796 0.066 450.90.009 0.048 0.051 0.00.3 0.4 0.6 0.2 19.893ORDC10OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k-T4E00.049 0.974 0.025 459.4 0.007 0.0420.044 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 19.584OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.056 1.241 0.026 456.20.009 0.047 0.048 0.00.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 19.705 OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k-T5E100.038 1.013 0.021 455.3 0.006 0.0310.033 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.7 18.876OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k-T6 0.058 1.172 0.032 453.70.007 0.050 0.058 0.02.9 0.4 0.7 0.9 18.927ORDC15OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k-T4E00.036 0.856 0.025 460.8 0.005 0.0310.032 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 19.538 OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.045 1.046 0.032 469.10.008 0.037 0.038 0.00.4 0.0 0.6 0.2 19.179OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k-T4E150.037 0.995 0.025 461.8 0.006 0.0300.036 0.0 2.2 0.1 0.5 0.9 18.3310 OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k-T5 0.048 1.319 0.023 462.30.006 0.041 0.051 0.04.7 0.1 0.6 1.2 18.2911ORDC20OR-DC20B-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.053 0.890 0.020 462.1 0.007 0.0470.049 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 19.4712OR-DC20B-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.056 0.930 0.030 457.80.007 0.049 0.052 0.60.9 0.0 0.7 0.2 19.6513OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T2E200.053 1.090 0.041 455.5 0.011 0.0410.054 1.2 4.5 0.2 0.9 1.6 18.10OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T5 0.056 1.055 0.038 456.80.009 0.046 0.063 0.68.2 0.0 1.0 1.7 18.0514OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T6 0.054 1.082 0.037 451.10.009 0.044 0.058 0.06.8 0.0 1.0 1.6 18.28

# A- 12TABLE A-12. 2007 CHEVROLETCOBALT EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCC00OR-CC00-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.047 0.613 0.032 327.4 0.005 0.0410.041 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 27.172 OR-CC00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.041 0.620 0.038 331.40.006 0.035 0.036 0.10.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 26.847ORCC15OR-CC15-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.051 0.543 0.021 323.4 0.005 0.0450.046 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 27.508OR-CC15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.042 0.525 0.032 321.70.005 0.037 0.038 0.50.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 27.659OR-CC15-1-E15-F-0k-T2E150.042 0.465 0.026 317.2 0.005 0.0370.044 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.3 0.7 26.5910 OR-CC15-1-E15-F-0k-T3 0.040 0.507 0.028 315.50.005 0.034 0.040 0.02.6 0.0 0.3 0.6 26.7311ORCC20OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.044 0.432 0.028 314.3 0.005 0.0390.040 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 28.3112OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.043 0.441 0.026 314.40.005 0.037 0.038 0.20.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 28.3113OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.043 0.510 0.019 314.30.004 0.038 0.038 0.00.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 28.3114 OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0k-T1E200.029 0.332 0.042 310.2 0.004 0.0240.030 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 26.6015OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0k-T2 0.040 0.482 0.054 316.00.006 0.034 0.043 0.04.6 0.0 0.3 0.9 26.1016 OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0k-T3 0.039 0.423 0.043 313.1 0.005 0.033 a 0.0a0.0 0.2 0.8 26.34aMethanol outliers, affected NMOG calculation

# APPENDIX B

DODGE CALIBER VEHICL E SPECIFICATIONS

# B-1 DODGE CALIBER SPECIFICATIONS – CHECK-IN

ORCA0 ORCA15 ORCA20

Vehicle make Dodge Dodge Dodge

Vehicle model Caliber Caliber Caliber

Model year 2007 2007 2007

VIN 1B3HB48B47D225987 1B3HB48B67D563987 1B3HB48B57D154427

Tire size (wheel size) P215/60R17 P215/60R17 P215/60R17

Tire manufacturer Continental & Firestone Affinity & Firestone Nexen

Tire pressure specification 32 psi 32 psi 32 psi

Steel or alloy wheels Alloy Alloy Steel

Odometer 41126 48037 40459

Engine code (Engine family) 7CRXB02.4MES 7CRXB02.4MES 7CRXB02.4MES

Engine evap code 7CRXR0112GHA 7CRXR0112GHA 7CRXR0112GHA

Engine displacement and

configuration 2.0L/4 cyl 2.0L/4 cyl 2.0L/4 CYL

Climate control/ std air cond. Std Std Std

Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) Std Std Std

State insp. Expiration date None August-10 None

License plate expiration date None February-10 None

Is there a license plate in front

and rear? No Yes Yes

License Plate Number N/A 981 NCG 662 RHZ

Transmission Auto/CVT Auto/CVT Auto/CVT

Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd

Axle Ratio

Axle – Open carrier or limited

slip Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier

Calibration ID #1 68000107AF 05033359AJ 68000107AC

Calibration Version #1 E8706265 4CF51434 6FADC869

Calibration ID #2 05094620AI030000 05094620AG030000 05094620AG030000

# B-2 DODGE CALIBER SPECIFICATIONS – AFTER SETUP

ORCA0 ORCA15 ORCA20

Vehicle make Dodge Dodge Dodge

Vehicle model Caliber Caliber Caliber

Model year 2007 2007 2007

VIN 1B3HB48B47D225987 1B3HB48B67D563987 1B3HB48B57D154427

Tire size (wheel size) P215/60R17 P215/60R17 P215/60R17

Tire manufacturer

Tire pressure specification 32 psi 32 psi 32 psi

Steel or alloy wheels Alloy Alloy Steel

Odometer 41126 48037 40459

Engine code (Engine family) 7CRXB02.4MES 7CRXB02.4MES 7CRXB02.4MES

Engine evap code 7CRXR0112GHA 7CRXR0112GHA 7CRXR0112GHA

Engine displacement and

configuration 2.0L/4 cyl 2.0L/4 cyl 2.0L/4 CYL

Climate control/ std air cond. Std Std Std

Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) Std Std Std

State insp. Expiration date None August-10 None

License plate expiration date None February-10 None

Is there a license plate in front

and rear? No Yes Yes

License Plate Number N/A 981 NCG 662 RHZ

Transmission Auto/CVT Auto/CVT Auto/CVT

Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd

Axle Ratio

Axle – Open carrier or limited

slip Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier

Calibration ID #1 68000107AK 68000107AK 68000107AK

Calibration Version #1 3FB68F87 3FB68F87 3FB68F87

Calibration ID #2 05094620AI030000 05094620AG030000 05094620AG030000

# C-1 

# APPENDIX C

WIDE-OPEN-THROTTLE (WOT) VE HICLE ACCELERATION TESTS

WITH LAMBDA MEASUREMENTS

(Example Data Sets)

2006 Chevrolet Cobalt

Vehicle ORCC20 with E0 and E20 Fuels

(Additional WOT data sets availa ble on the project ftp web site)

# C-1 

# Vehicle ORCC20 with E0 Fuel

WOT Test Sequence Data

# C-2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400Speed (mph)Temperature (C)



# Time (s) 

# EXHAUST SYSTEM TEMPERATURES

Upstream O2 Gas Converter Inlet Gas Inlet Substrate Bed 1 Inlet Substrate Bed 2

Converter Mid/O2 Gas Converter Outlet Gas OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed



# -30 20 70 120 170 220

-20 -15 -10

-5 0 5 10 15 20

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400Speed (mph)Fuel Trim (%)



# Time (s) 

# FUEL TRIM

Short Term Long Term OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400Speed (mph)Lambda



# Time (s) 

# LAMBDA

Lambda OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed



# 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Lambda



# Speed (mph) 

# LAMBDA SCATTER - SPEED

Lambda OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1

# C-4 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%Lambda



# TPS (%) 

# LAMBDA SCATTER - TPS

Lambda OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1



# 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400Speed (mph)TPS (%)



# Time (s) 

# Throttle Position Sensor

TPS OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

-10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400Speed (mph)Timing (deg)



# Time (s) 

# Timing

Timing OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed



# 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

2450 2550Speed (mph)Temperature (C)



# Time (s) 

# EXHAUST SYSTEM TEMPERATURES

Inlet Substrate Bed 1 Inlet Substrate Bed 2 OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-6 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

2450 2550Speed (mph)Lambda



# Time (s) 

# LAMBDA

Lambda OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed



# 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2450 2550Speed (mph)TPS (%)



# Time (s) 

# Throttle Position Sensor

TPS OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-7 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

2450 2550Speed (mph)Timing (deg)



# Time (s) 

# Timing

Timing OR-CC20-1-E0-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-8 

# Vehicle ORCC20 with E20 Fuel

WOT Test Sequence Data

# C-9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700Speed (mph)Temperature (C)



# Time (s) 

# EXHAUST SYSTEM TEMPERATURES

Upstream O2 Gas Converter Inlet Gas Inlet Substrate Bed 1 Inlet Substrate Bed 2

Converter Mid/O2 Gas Converter Outlet Gas OR-CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed



# -30 20 70 120 170 220

-20 -15 -10

-5 0 5 10 15 20

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700Speed (mph)Fuel Trim (%)



# Time (s) 

# FUEL TRIM

Short Term Long Term OR-CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700Speed (mph)Lambda



# Time (s) 

# LAMBDA

Lambda OR-CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-11 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700Speed (mph)TPS (%)



# Time (s) 

# Throttle Position Sensor

TPS OR-CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-12 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

-10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700Speed (mph)Timing (deg)



# Time (s) 

# Timing

Timing OR-CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed



# 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

2450 2550 2650 2750Speed (mph)Temperature (C)



# Time (s) 

# EXHAUST SYSTEM TEMPERATURES

Inlet Substrate Bed 1 Inlet Substrate Bed 2 O R -CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-13 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

2450 2550 2650 2750Speed (mph)Lambda



# Time (s) 

# LAMBDA

Lambda OR-CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed



# 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2450 2550 2650 2750Speed (mph)TPS (%)



# Time (s) 

# Throttle Position Sensor

TPS OR-CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# C-14 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

2450 2550 2650 2750Speed (mph)Timing (deg)



# Time (s) 

# Timing

Timing OR-CC20-1-E20-W-0k-T1 Dyno Speed

# APPENDIX D

OIL CONSUMPTION HISTORY

2007 Dodge Caravan

2007 Chevrolet Cobalt

# D-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Total Oil Consumption (lbs.)



# Test Miles 

# Dodge Caravan Oil Consumption

ORDC0 ORDC10 ORDC15 ORDC20B



# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Total Oil Consumption (lbs.)



# Test Miles 

# Chevrolet Cobalt Oil Consumption

ORCC0 ORCC15 ORCC20