United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

In cooperation with the

Minnesota Agricultural

Experiment Station Soil Survey of

Marshall County,

Minnesota

Part I

3

This survey is divided into three parts. Part I includes general information about

the survey area; descriptions of the general soil map units, detailed soil map units,

and soil series in the area; and a description of how the soils formed. Part II

describes the use and management of the soils and the major soil properties. This

part may be updated as further information about soil management becomes

available. Part III includes the maps.

On the general soil map, the survey area is divided into groups of associated

soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and

management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify

the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the

section General Soil Map Units in Part I of this survey for a general description of

the soils in your area.

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of

small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to

Map Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet, and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are

in that area. Turn to the Index to Map Units in Part I of this survey, which lists the

map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is

described.

The Contents in Part II shows which table has data on a specific land use for each

detailed soil map unit. See the Contents in Part I and Part II for other sections of this

publication that may address your specific needs.

How to Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web.

The address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on “Technical Resources”).

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint

effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies,

State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies.

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation

Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in November 1992. Soil names

and descriptions were approved in September 1994. Unless otherwise indicated,

statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1992. This

survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and

the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Assistance was provided by the

Agriculture Extension Service, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and the

Board of Water and Soil Resources. The survey was partially funded by the

Legislative Commission for Minnesota Resources and by Marshall County. It is part

of the technical assistance furnished to the Marshall County Soil and Water

Conservation District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at

a larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all

of its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age,

disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all

prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,

audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice

or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.
5

Contents

How to Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3

Foreword ............................................................... 11

How This Survey Was Made .................................. 13

General Nature of the Survey Area ......................... 14

Tables:

Temperature and Precipitation ....................... 17

Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ..................... 18

Growing Season ............................................ 18

General Soil Map Units ........................................ 19

1. Wahpeton-Fargo Association ..................... 19

2. Colvin-Bearden Association ....................... 19

3. Northcote-Eaglepoint Association .............. 20

4. Fargo-Colvin-Hegne Association ................ 20

5. Wheatville-Glyndon Association ................. 20

6. Ulen-Flaming Association........................... 21

7. Sandberg-Strathcona-Syrene

Association ........................................... 21

8. Grimstad-Strathcona-Vallers Association ... 22

9. Percy-Strathcona-Mavie Association ......... 22

10. Roliss-Vallers-Mavie Association ............... 23

11. Karlstad-Deerwood-Syrene Association ..... 23

12. Redby-Northwood-Cormant Association .... 24

13. Smiley-Kratka-Reiner Association.............. 24

14. Clearwater-Wyandotte Association ............ 25

15. Cathro-Dora-Wildwood Association ........... 25

Formation and Classification of the Soils .......... 27

Tables:

Classification of the Soils ............................... 30

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils ...................................................... 32

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units ............. 35

Augsburg Series................................................. 36

1297—Augsburg very fine sandy loam ............... 37

Bearden Series .................................................. 37

67A—Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

67B—Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

93A—Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

1963—Bearden-Colvin complex ......................... 39

Berner Series ..................................................... 39

1143—Berner-Markey complex .......................... 40

Boash Series ...................................................... 41

644—Boash clay loam ....................................... 41

Borup Series ...................................................... 42

1299—Borup very fine sandy loam .................... 42

Cathro Series ..................................................... 43

544—Cathro muck ............................................. 43

1807—Cathro muck, ponded.............................. 44

Clearriver Series ................................................ 44

794—Clearriver loamy fine sand ........................ 45

Clearwater Series ............................................... 45

641—Clearwater clay ......................................... 46

642—Clearwater loam........................................ 46

936—Clearwater-Reis complex .......................... 47

1189—Clearwater mucky loam, depressional..... 47

Colvin Series ...................................................... 48

47—Colvin silty clay loam .................................. 48

1964—Colvin-Fargo complex ............................. 49

Corliss Series ..................................................... 49

721B—Corliss loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 50

Cormant Series .................................................. 50

117—Cormant loamy fine sand .......................... 51

Deerwood Series ................................................ 51

547—Deerwood muck ........................................ 52

Dora Series ........................................................ 52

550—Dora muck ................................................ 53

1187—Dora muck, ponded ................................. 53

Eaglepoint Series ............................................... 53

937—Eaglepoint-Northcote complex .................. 54

Eckvoll Series .................................................... 55

565—Eckvoll loamy fine sand ............................ 56

Enstrom Series................................................... 56

145—Enstrom loamy fine sand .......................... 57

Espelie Series .................................................... 57

645—Espelie fine sandy loam ............................ 58

Fargo Series....................................................... 58

57A—Fargo silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....... 59

1871—Fargo silty clay, swales ........................... 59

Flaming Series ................................................... 60

66—Flaming loamy fine sand ............................. 60

1006—Fluvaquents-Haploborolls complex,

0 to 30 percent slopes, flooded .................... 61

Foldahl Series .................................................... 61

426—Foldahl loamy fine sand ............................ 62

Foxhome Series ................................................. 62

65—Foxhome sandy loam ................................. 63

Garnes Series .................................................... 63
6

77—Garnes fine sandy loam .............................. 64

Glyndon Series................................................... 64

1304A—Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 65

1304B—Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6

percent slopes ............................................. 65

Grimstad Series ................................................. 66

59—Grimstad fine sandy loam ........................... 66

Grygla Series ..................................................... 67

482—Grygla loamy fine sand ............................. 67

Hamar Series ..................................................... 68

372—Hamar loamy fine sand ............................. 68

Hamerly Series................................................... 69

184A—Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes ...... 69

Hamre Series ..................................................... 70

1878—Hamre muck ........................................... 70

1804—Hamre muck, ponded.............................. 71

Hangaard Series ................................................ 71

111—Hangaard sandy loam ............................... 72

Haug Series ....................................................... 72

187—Haug muck ............................................... 73

Hegne Series ..................................................... 74

935—Hegne-Fargo complex .............................. 74

Hilaire Series ...................................................... 75

647—Hilaire loamy fine sand .............................. 75

Huot Series ........................................................ 76

643—Huot fine sandy loam ................................ 77

Karlstad Series ................................................... 77

205—Karlstad loamy sand ................................. 78

Kittson Series ..................................................... 78

58—Kittson loam ................................................ 79

Kratka Series ..................................................... 79

481—Kratka fine sandy loam ............................. 80

Lamoure Series .................................................. 80

418—Lamoure silty clay loam, occasionally

flooded ......................................................... 81

Linveldt Series .................................................... 82

713—Linveldt fine sandy loam ........................... 82

Lupton Series ..................................................... 83

546—Lupton muck ............................................. 83

Markey Series .................................................... 84

543—Markey muck ............................................ 84

1808—Markey muck, ponded ............................ 85

Marquette Series ................................................ 85

242B—Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 86

Mavie Series ...................................................... 86

412—Mavie fine sandy loam .............................. 87

Nereson Series .................................................. 87

583—Nereson fine sandy loam .......................... 88

Newfolden Series ............................................... 89

648—Newfolden loam ........................................ 89

Northcote Series ................................................ 90

429A—Northcote clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 91

Northwood Series ............................................... 91

563—Northwood muck ....................................... 92

1146—Northwood muck, ponded ....................... 92

Pelan Series ....................................................... 92

280—Pelan sandy loam ..................................... 93

Percy Series ....................................................... 94

379—Percy loam, very cobbly............................ 94

383—Percy loam................................................ 95

384—Percy mucky loam, depressional .............. 95

1030—Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex ....... 96

Poppleton Series ................................................ 96

148—Poppleton fine sand .................................. 97

Radium Series.................................................... 97

1874—Radium loamy sand ................................ 98

Redby Series...................................................... 98

116—Redby loamy fine sand.............................. 99

Reiner Series ..................................................... 99

649—Reiner loamy fine sand ........................... 100

650—Reiner fine sandy loam ........................... 100

Reis Series ....................................................... 101

Rifle Series ....................................................... 101

541—Rifle mucky peat ..................................... 102

Roliss Series .................................................... 102

387—Roliss loam, depressional ....................... 103

582—Roliss loam ............................................. 103

972—Roliss-Vallers complex ............................ 104

Rosewood Series ............................................. 104

712—Rosewood fine sandy loam ..................... 105

1882—Rosewood, Strathcona, and Berner

soils, seepy ................................................ 105

1966—Rosewood-Hamar complex................... 106

Rushlake Series ............................................... 107

708—Rushlake loamy sand ............................. 107

Sahkahtay Series ............................................. 108
7

1191—Sahkahtay sandy loam .......................... 108

Sandberg Series .............................................. 109

258B—Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent

slopes ........................................................ 109

Seelyeville Series ............................................. 110

540—Seelyeville muck ..................................... 110

1031—Seelyeville muck, ponded ..................... 111

Skagen Series .................................................. 111

1158—Skagen loam ......................................... 112

1170—Skagen loam, very cobbly ..................... 112

Smiley Series ................................................... 113

653—Smiley mucky loam, depressional ........... 114

765—Smiley loam ............................................ 114

Strandquist Series ............................................ 114

432—Strandquist loam ..................................... 115

Strathcona Series ............................................. 115

439—Strathcona fine sandy loam .................... 116

1144—Strathcona and Kratka soils,

depressional .............................................. 117

Syrene Series .................................................. 117

435—Syrene sandy loam ................................. 118

Tacoosh Series ................................................ 118

514—Tacoosh muck......................................... 119

Thiefriver Series ............................................... 119

651—Thiefriver fine sandy loam ....................... 120

Ulen Series....................................................... 120

1264—Ulen loamy fine sand ............................ 121

Vallers Series ................................................... 122

236—Vallers loam ............................................ 122

Wahpeton Series .............................................. 123

157A—Wahpeton silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ...................... 123

157B—Wahpeton silty clay, 2 to 6 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded ...................... 123

Wheatville Series ............................................. 124

1315A—Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0

to 2 percent slopes .................................... 125

Wildwood Series .............................................. 125

630—Wildwood muck....................................... 126

1188—Wildwood muck, ponded ....................... 126

Wyandotte Series ............................................. 127

652—Wyandotte clay loam .............................. 127

Part II

Introduction to Part II ......................................... 147

Tables:

Classification of the Soils ............................. 148

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils .................................................... 150

Agronomy ........................................................... 153

Soil Salinity....................................................... 154

Cropland Management Considerations ............ 155

Crop Yield Estimates ........................................ 156

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations ............ 157

Land Capability Classification ........................... 157

Prime Farmland................................................ 157

Erosion Factors ................................................ 158

Wind Erodibility Groups ............................... 159

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........ 159

Windbreak Suitability Groups ....................... 160

Tables:

Cropland Management Considerations ........ 161

Land Capability and Yields per Acre of

Crops and Pasture .............................. 173

Prime Farmland ........................................... 181

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .... 182

Windbreak Suitability Groups ....................... 193

Forest Land ......................................................... 199

Forest Land Management Considerations ........ 199

Tables:

Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations .................................... 201

Forest Haul Road Considerations ................ 201

Forest Log Landing Considerations ............. 202

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting

Considerations .................................... 202

Recreation ........................................................... 203

Table:

Recreational Development ............................... 205

Wildlife Habitat ................................................... 213

Elements of Wildlife Habitat.............................. 213

Kinds of Wildlife Habitat ................................... 214

Table:

Wildlife Habitat ............................................. 215

Engineering......................................................... 221
8

Building Site Development ............................... 221

Sanitary Facilities ............................................. 222

Waste Management ......................................... 223

Construction Materials...................................... 224

Water Management .......................................... 225

Tables:

Building Site Development ........................... 227

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 237

Construction Materials ................................. 248

Water Management...................................... 257

Soil Properties .................................................... 271

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 271

Physical and Chemical Properties .................... 272

Water Features ................................................ 273

Soil Features .................................................... 274

Tables:

Engineering Index Properties ....................... 277

Physical Properties of the Soils.................... 297

Chemical Properties of the Soils .................. 307

Water Features ............................................ 317

Soil Features ................................................ 323

References .......................................................... 329

Glossary .............................................................. 331

Issued 2001
9

Note: Because it was prepared at a later date, this electronic version of the Soil Survey of Marshall County,

Minnesota, differs slightly from the published soil survey. This version does not contain illustrations that were

included in the published soil survey. Also, some of the formatting and the page numbers are different from those

in the published survey. The information in the electronic version, however, is identical to that in the published

survey.

11

This soil survey contains information that can be used in land-planning programs in

Marshall County, Minnesota. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land

uses. The survey also highlights limitations and hazards inherent in the soil,

improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land

uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management

needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials,

engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land

use, select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure

proper performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in

recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the

survey to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils

are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a

foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as

septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to

basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

William Hunt

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of slopes;

the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and

native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They dug many

holes to study the soil profile, which is the sequence of

natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends

from the surface down into the unconsolidated material

in which the soil formed. The unconsolidated material is

devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not

been changed by other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

or segment of the landscape. By observing the soils

and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and

relating their position to specific segments of the

landscape, soil scientists develop a concept, or model,

of how the soils were formed. Thus, during mapping,

this model enables the soil scientists to predict with a

considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or

miscellaneous area at a specific location on the

landscape.

Individual soils on the landscape commonly merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate map, however, soil

scientists must determine the boundaries between the

soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil

profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted color,

texture, size, and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement of

horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

Soil Survey of

Marshall County, Minnesota

By John Beck and Patricia Wright-Koll, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by John Beck, Patricia Wright-Koll, Kim Steffen, and Steven Wangemann,

Natural Resources Conservation Service, and William Gunnerson, Grant Johnson, and

Norman Mofjeld, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station

Contract mapping by Donald Barron

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with the

Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station

13
14 Soil Survey of

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data based

on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as climate

and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable

over long periods of time, but they are not predictable

from year to year. For example, soil scientists can

predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a

given soil will have a high water table within certain

depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a

high water table will always be at a specific level in the

soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map unit.

Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads,

and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries

accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the

soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those of

the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are the

result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications in

series concepts, or variations in the intensity of

mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey

areas.

General Nature of the Survey Area

Marshall County is in northwestern Minnesota.

Warren is the county seat. The total area of the county

is 1,160,100 acres, or about 1,813 square miles.

Farming is the principal business enterprise. Small

grain, beans, hay, sunflowers, sugar beets, potatoes,

and soybeans are the main crops. Dairy farming is the

main livestock enterprise.

The soils in Marshall County formed on a glacial

lake plain (Glacial Lake Agassiz). They are mainly dark

and formed under wet prairie grasses and sedges.

Forest vegetation encroached into the county from the

east. The soils in the north-central and eastern onethird of Marshall County show the influence of forest

vegetation on soil profile development.

This soil survey updates the Red River Valley

(reconnaissance) soil survey published in 1939

(Nikiforoff, 1939). It provides additional information and

has larger maps, which show the soils in greater detail.

History and Development

The Marshall County Historical Society helped prepare this

section.

Marshall County was established on February 25,

1879, when the Minnesota Legislature divided

Kittson County. The county is named after William

Rainy Marshall, who served as Governor of Minnesota

from 1866 to 1870. Marshall, a native of Missouri,

became a pioneer hardware merchant in the newly

organized Minnesota Territory in 1849. He served in the

Civil War and was promoted to brigadier general.

The first permanent settler in the survey area was

Michael “Tamarac Mac” McCullough. In 1871,

McCullough staked a claim to 160 acres along the

Tamarac River near the present town of Stephen.

Agriculture, especially the production of wheat, and

sawmills were of paramount importance when the

county was established, but the economic base has

expanded over the years. Farming is still the major

economic factor in the county, but industry and

manufacturing are also important.

The population of Marshall County was 12,800 in

1980. It was 10,993 in 1990.

Transportation Facilities and Markets

In the first half of the 19th century, transportation

was by way of the Pembina Trail. Oxcarts traveling the

Pembina Trail brought trade goods into the county. This

trail and the oxcart trade routes formed the basis of the

state’s first highway system, the Red River Trails.

Today the Soo Line Railroad and the Burlington

Northern Railroad cross the county from north to south.

The Soo Line also crosses the western two-thirds of

the county in an east-west direction.

A network of all-weather roads serves the county.

14 Soil Survey of
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 15

The major roads are State Highways 220, 32, 89, 219,

and 1 and U.S. Highways 75 and 59.

Grain is hauled to local elevators and then shipped

by rail or trucks to Duluth or Minneapolis. Large

quantities of grain may be stored on the farm. Sugar

beets are transported by truck to Drayton, North

Dakota, or East Grand Forks for processing. Much of

the potato crop is marketed locally. Some potatoes are

shipped to Minneapolis. Dairy products are marketed

locally or in adjacent counties. Slaughter or feeder

animals are shipped by truck to West Fargo, to Winger,

Minnesota, or to South St. Paul.

Wheat, barley, and oats are the major grain crops.

Potatoes and sugar beets are also grown. Potatoes are

grown on the coarser textured soils. Sugar beets are

grown largely on the medium and fine textured soils in

the western part of the county. Soybeans and

sunflowers are other important crops. Acreages of

these crops fluctuate with current markets. Hay for

livestock feed is produced in the eastern two-thirds of

the county. Some dairy and livestock operations are

throughout the county.

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage

All of Marshall County has been influenced by the

waters of Glacial Lake Agassiz. In the western part of

the county, where the glacial water was deep, the soils

are clayey. In the areas to the east, away from the Red

River, progressively coarser particles settled out,

grading from clay, silt, very fine sand, fine sand, and

sand to gravel. As the water level of the lake receded,

a succession of beach ridges formed. These beach

ridges range in texture from coarse-silty material on the

wide, almost unnoticeable beach ridge at the eastern

edge of the Red River Valley to sandy and gravelly

material on the prominent ridges in the central and

eastern parts of the county. In the eastern part of

Marshall County, the water was shallow and covered

the area for a relatively short period of time. The

deposited lake sediment is very thin over glacial till

deposits. The evidence of sorting action by waves is

apparent in the concentration of stones and boulders at

or near the surface of the soils in the north-central part

of the county (Hobbs and Goebel, 1982).

The highest elevation in Marshall County, 1,225 feet

above sea level, is on the beach ridges in the

northeastern one-third of the county near Thief Lake.

The lowest point is 770 feet above sea level in the

northwest corner, where the Red River leaves the

county. The maximum difference in elevation from the

northeast to the northwest is approximately 455 feet.

The slope gradient in the western part of the county

ranges from 1 to 3 feet per mile (Arndt, 1977).

The drainage of Marshall County can be divided into

two main areas—the eastern one-third and the western

two-thirds. The eastern section drains to the south. This

section is drained in the north by the Moose River,

which empties into Thief Lake. The middle part of the

eastern section is drained by the Mud River, which

empties into Mud Lake. Both Thief Lake and Mud Lake

are drained by the Thief River, which flows south into

adjoining Pennington County. The Mud and Thief Rivers

have been partially diverted and channelized,

especially in the area of the Agassiz National Wildlife

Refuge. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service operates a

water management system that benefits the wildlife in

the area.

The western two-thirds of Marshall County drains

to the west. This section is drained in the north by the

Tamarac River. The central part is drained by the

Middle River. The southern part is drained by the

Snake River, which flows southwest into Polk

County for several miles and then north in Marshall

County where it is joined by the Middle River. All of

the rivers and tributaries in the western portion

empty into the Red River of the North, which flows

north along the extreme western edge of the county.

Natural creeks and drainageways and an extensive

system of legal ditches and agricultural drainage

systems remove excess water from farming and

residential areas.

Climate

The three tables at the end of this section provide

climate data for the survey area as recorded at Argyle

in the period 1961 to 1990.

In winter, the average temperature is 5 degrees F

and the average daily minimum temperature is -5

degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at Argyle on January 21, 1954, is -41

degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 66

degrees and the average daily maximum temperature

is 79 degrees. The highest temperature, which occurred

at Argyle on July 6, 1988, is 105 degrees.

Growing degree days are equivalent to “heat units.”

During the month, growing degree days accumulate by

the amount that the average temperature each day

exceeds a base temperature (40 degrees F). The

normal monthly accumulation is used to schedule

single or successive plantings of a crop between the

last freeze in spring and the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is about 18.8 inches.

Of this, about 13.8 inches, or 73 percent, usually falls

in April through September. The growing season for

most crops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-day

rainfall during the period of record was 4.72 inches at

Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I
16 Soil Survey of

Argyle on July 2, 1975. Thunderstorms occur on about

32 days each year, and most occur in July.

The average seasonal snowfall is 38.5 inches. The

greatest snow depth at any one time during the period

of record was 38 inches. On an average, 12 days per

year have at least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The

heaviest 1-day snowfall on record was 11.1 inches.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 62 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 81 percent. The sun shines

about 67 percent of the time possible in summer and

50 percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the

south-southeast. Average windspeed is highest, 14

miles per hour, in April.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 17

Temperature and Precipitation

 (Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Argyle, Minnesota)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | | Average |Average| | | Average |Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum |number of| | Less | More |number of|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| growing | |than--|than--|days with|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree | | | |0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | o _ _ _ _ _ _____ __ __ | __ | | __ F | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 11.9 | -9.4 | 1.2 | 40 | -36 | 0 | 0.89 | 0.40| 1.37| 3 | 10.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 February---| 18.0 | -4.4 | 6.8 | 43 | -33 | 0 | .59 | .28| .87| 2 | 6.3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 March------| 31.9 | 11.1 | 21.5 | 60 | -24 | 7 | .95 | .30| 1.49| 3 | 7.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 April------| 51.5 | 28.6 | 40.0 | 83 | 1 | 122 | 1.37 | .63| 2.30| 3 | 1.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 May--------| 67.8 | 40.8 | 54.3 | 93 | 22 | 428 | 2.10 | 1.00| 3.05| 5 | .2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 June-------| 76.0 | 50.4 | 63.2 | 94 | 34 | 676 | 3.08 | 1.69| 4.31| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 July-------| 81.5 | 54.9 | 68.2 | 97 | 40 | 848 | 2.85 | 1.48| 4.05| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 August-----| 80.3 | 51.9 | 66.1 | 99 | 35 | 780 | 2.13 | 1.04| 3.07| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 September--| 68.6 | 42.3 | 55.5 | 93 | 23 | 451 | 2.28 | 1.00| 3.37| 4 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 October----| 55.5 | 31.7 | 43.6 | 82 | 12 | 171 | 1.26 | .43| 1.94| 3 | .5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 November---| 34.6 | 16.2 | 25.4 | 63 | -13 | 14 | .71 | .38| 1.25| 2 | 5.3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 December---| 17.9 | -1.4 | 8.2 | 46 | -30 | 0 | .59 | .24| 1.04| 1 | 6.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 49.6 | 26.1 | 37.8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme---| 105 | -41 | --- | 100 | -37 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,497 | 18.80 | 13.61| 22.26| 42 | 38.5

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (40 degrees F).
18

Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

 (Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Argyle, Minnesota)

 _____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower _____________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

 Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 13 | May 21 | May 31

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | May 7 | May 16 | May 26

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 25 | May 7 | May 17

 | | |

 First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 24 | Sept. 17 | Sept. 6

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Sept. 29 | Sept. 22 | Sept. 10

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 10 | Oct. 1 | Sept. 19

 | | | _____________________________________________________________

Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Argyle,

 Minnesota)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days ____ ____ ____

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 135 | 124 | 103

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 144 | 130 | 110

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 160 | 142 | 124

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 175 | 154 | 137

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 184 | 161 | 144

 | | | __________________________________________________
19

The general soil map in this publication shows

broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils,

relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general soil

map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, it

consists of one or more major soils or miscellaneous

areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas.

It is named for the major soils or miscellaneous

areas. The soils or miscellaneous areas making up

one unit can occur in another but in a different

pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils or miscellaneous areas can be

identified on the map. Likewise, areas that are not

suitable can be identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other

structure. The soils in any one map unit differ from

place to place in slope, depth, drainage, and other

characteristics that affect management.

1. Wahpeton-Fargo Association

Level to gently sloping, moderately well drained and

poorly drained soils on flood plains and lake plains

Setting

Landform: Terraces adjacent to large streams and

rivers and lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 2

Extent of the components in the association:

Wahpeton soils: 50 percent

Fargo soils: 40 percent

Soils of minor extent: 10 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Wahpeton

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Flats, slight rises, and rises

Parent material: Alluvium

Surface texture: Silty clay

Fargo

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Silty clay

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Colvin and Hegne soils on flats

and slight rises

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

2. Colvin-Bearden Association

Level to gently sloping, poorly drained to moderately

well drained soils on lake plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 2

Extent of the components in the association:

Colvin soils: 45 percent

Bearden soils: 40 percent

Soils of minor extent: 15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Colvin

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Silty clay loam

Bearden

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained and

moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Flats, slight rises, and

backslopes

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

General Soil Map Units
20 Soil Survey of

Surface texture: Silty clay loam, silt loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Fargo soils on flats and in

swales

• The poorly drained Hegne soils on flats and slight

rises

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

3. Northcote-Eaglepoint Association

Level and nearly level, poorly drained and somewhat

poorly drained soils on lake plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 4

Extent of the components in the association:

Northcote soils: 65 percent

Eaglepoint soils: 20 percent

Soils of minor extent: 15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Northcote

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Clay

Eaglepoint

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Clay

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Fargo soils on flats

• The poorly drained Hegne and Colvin soils on flats

and slight rises

• The moderately well drained and somewhat poorly

drained Bearden soils on slight rises

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

4. Fargo-Colvin-Hegne Association

Level and nearly level, poorly drained soils on lake

plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 18

Extent of the components in the association:

Fargo soils: 50 percent

Colvin soils: 20 percent

Hegne soils: 15 percent

Soils of minor extent: 15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Fargo

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Silty clay

Colvin

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Silty clay loam

Hegne

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Silty clay

Minor Soils

• The moderately well drained and somewhat poorly

drained Bearden and Wheatville soils on slight rises

• The poorly drained Lamoure soils on flood plains

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

5. Wheatville-Glyndon Association

Level to gently sloping, moderately well drained soils on

lake plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 21

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 4

Extent of the components in the association:

Wheatville soils: 50 percent

Glyndon soils: 30 percent

Soils of minor extent: 20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Wheatville

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Very fine sandy loam

Glyndon

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Very fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Augsburg and Borup soils on

flats

• The poorly drained Clearwater soils on flats and in

swales

• The moderately well drained Huot soils on slight

rises

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

6. Ulen-Flaming Association

Level to gently sloping, moderately well drained soils

on lake plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 5

Extent of the components in the association:

Ulen soils: 55 percent

Flaming soils: 30 percent

Soils of minor extent: 15 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Ulen

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Loamy fine sand

Flaming

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Loamy fine sand

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Rosewood and Strathcona soils

on flats and slight rises

• The poorly drained Hamar soils on flats and in

swales

• The moderately well drained Foldahl, Grimstad, and

Huot soils on slight rises

Use and Management

Major use: Cropland

7. Sandberg-Strathcona-Syrene

Association

Level to gently sloping, excessively drained to poorly

drained soils on lake plains and beach ridges

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges, lake plains, and beach

plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 4

Extent of the components in the association:

Sandberg soils: 25 percent

Strathcona soils: 25 percent

Syrene soils: 15 percent

Soils of minor extent: 35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Sandberg

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Parent material: Beach deposits

Surface texture: Loamy sand

Strathcona

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Surface texture: Fine sandy loam

Syrene

Drainage class: Poorly drained
22 Soil Survey of

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Beach deposits

Surface texture: Sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Deerwood and Northwood

soils in depressions

• The poorly drained Hamar soils on flats and in

swales

• The poorly drained Mavie and Rosewood soils on

flats and slight rises

• The moderately well drained Flaming, Foldahl,

Grimstad, Radium, and Ulen soils on slight rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, forage, and pasture

8. Grimstad-Strathcona-Vallers

Association

Level to gently sloping, moderately well drained to

poorly drained soils on lake plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 9

Extent of the components in the association:

Grimstad soils: 40 percent

Strathcona soils: 15 percent

Vallers soils: 15 percent

Soils of minor extent: 30 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Grimstad

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and

till

Surface texture: Fine sandy loam

Strathcona

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and

till

Surface texture: Fine sandy loam

Vallers

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Till

Surface texture: Loam

Minor Soils

• The poorly drained Kratka soils on flats and in

swales

• The poorly drained Mavie and Rosewood soils on

flats and slight rises

• The moderately well drained Foldahl, Flaming,

Huot, Ulen, and Wheatville soils on slight rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, forage, and pasture

9. Percy-Strathcona-Mavie Association

Level and nearly level, poorly drained soils on lake

plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 6

Extent of the components in the association:

Percy soils: 25 percent

Strathcona soils: 20 percent

Mavie soils: 20 percent

Soils of minor extent: 35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Percy

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Till

Surface texture: Loam

Strathcona

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Surface texture: Fine sandy loam

Mavie

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Surface texture: Fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Haug and Northwood soils in

depressions
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 23

• The poorly drained Kratka, Smiley, and Strandquist

soils on flats and in swales

• The poorly drained Syrene soils on flats and slight

rises

• The moderately well drained Foxhome, Nereson,

Pelan, and Skagen soils on slight rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, forage, and pasture

10. Roliss-Vallers-Mavie Association

Level and nearly level, poorly drained soils on lake

plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 12

Extent of the components in the association:

Roliss soils: 25 percent

Vallers soils: 20 percent

Mavie soils: 20 percent

Soils of minor extent: 35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Roliss

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Till

Surface texture: Loam

Vallers

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Till

Surface texture: Loam

Mavie

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Surface texture: Fine sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Hamre, Northwood, and

Cathro soils in depressions

• The poorly drained Kratka and Smiley soils on flats

and in swales

• The poorly drained Strathcona soils on flats and

slight rises

• The moderately well drained Foldahl, Grimstad,

Hamerly, Kittson, Pelan, and Reiner soils on slight

rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, forage, and pasture

11. Karlstad-Deerwood-Syrene

Association

Level to gently sloping, very poorly drained to

moderately well drained soils on lake plains and beach

plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and beach plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 5

Extent of the components in the association:

Karlstad soils: 35 percent

Deerwood soils: 30 percent

Syrene soils: 15 percent

Soils of minor extent: 20 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Karlstad

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Parent material: Beach deposits

Surface texture: Loamy sand

Deerwood

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Depressions

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Muck

Syrene

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Beach deposits

Surface texture: Sandy loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Markey and Northwood soils

in depressions

• The poorly drained Strathcona and Strandquist soils

on flats and in swales

• The somewhat poorly drained Redby soils on slight

rises
24 Soil Survey of

• The moderately well drained Clearriver and Enstrom

soils on slight rises

• The excessively drained Corliss and Marquette soils

on summits and backslopes

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, forage, pasture, and woodland

12. Redby-Northwood-Cormant

Association

Level to gently sloping, somewhat poorly drained to

very poorly drained soils on lake plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 1

Extent of the components in the association:

Redby soils: 30 percent

Northwood soils: 25 percent

Cormant soils: 10 percent

Soils of minor extent: 35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Redby

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Loamy fine sand

Northwood

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Depressions

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Surface texture: Muck

Cormant

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Surface texture: Loamy fine sand

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Deerwood soils in

depressions

• The poorly drained Grygla and Kratka soils on flats

and in swales

• The poorly drained Rosewood and Strathcona soils

on flats and slight rises

• The moderately well drained Clearriver soils on slight

rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Woodland, cropland, and pasture

13. Smiley-Kratka-Reiner Association

Level to gently sloping, poorly drained to moderately

well drained soils on lake plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 17

Extent of the components in the association:

Smiley soils: 35 percent

Kratka soils: 20 percent

Reiner soils: 10 percent

Soils of minor extent: 35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Smiley

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Till

Surface texture: Loam

Kratka

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Surface texture: Fine sandy loam

Reiner

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Slight rises

Parent material: Till

Surface texture: Fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Hamre and Northwood soils

in depressions

• The poorly drained Roliss and Strandquist soils on

flats and in swales

• The poorly drained Strathcona and Vallers soils on

flats and slight rises
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 25

• The moderately well drained Eckvoll soils on slight

rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, forage, and pasture

14. Clearwater-Wyandotte Association

Level and nearly level, poorly drained soils on lake

plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 4

Extent of the components in the association:

Clearwater soils: 55 percent

Wyandotte soils: 10 percent

Soils of minor extent: 35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Clearwater

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and swales

Parent material: Till

Surface texture: Loam, clay

Wyandotte

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flats and slight rises

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Surface texture: Clay loam

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Wildwood soils in

depressions

• The poorly drained Espelie soils on flats and in

swales

• The poorly drained Reis and Thiefriver soils on flats

and slight rises

• The moderately well drained Hilaire and Huot soils

on slight rises

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, forage, and pasture

15. Cathro-Dora-Wildwood Association

Level and nearly level, very poorly drained soils on lake

plains

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Composition

Percent of the survey area: 7

Extent of the components in the association:

Cathro soils: 25 percent

Dora soils: 25 percent

Wildwood soils: 15 percent

Soils of minor extent: 35 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Cathro

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Depressions

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Surface texture: Muck

Dora

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Depressions

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Surface texture: Muck

Wildwood

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Depressions

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Surface texture: Muck

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Hamre, Haug, Lupton,

Markey, Northwood, and Seelyeville soils in

depressions

• The poorly drained Clearwater, Roliss, and Smiley

soils on flats and in swales

Use and Management

Major use: Wildlife habitat

27

This section relates the soils in the survey area to

the major factors of soil formation and describes the

system of soil classification.

Formation of the Soils

Soil forms as a result of the action of soil-forming

processes on materials deposited or accumulated by

geologic activity. The characteristics of the soil at any

given point are determined by the physical and

mineralogical composition of the parent material; the

current climate and the climate under which the soil

accumulated; the plant and animal life on and in the

soil; the relief or topography and the resulting

moisture regime; and the length of time the forces of

soil formation have acted on the soil. The factors of

soil formation are interdependent and must be

considered together when theories regarding the

development of a certain soil are formulated.

Climate

Climate affects the physical, chemical, and

biological characteristics of the soil. Precipitation,

humidity, and frost influence the availability of

moisture and the rate of percolation of water through

the soil. The movement of water dissolves minerals

and transports them in the soil mass. Temperature

influences formation by regulating the growth of

organisms and the speed of chemical reactions.

Marshall County has a subhumid, continental

climate characterized by wide variations in

temperature from summer to winter. The winters are

long, and the soil is frozen to a depth of 3 to 5 feet for

nearly 6 months of the year. During this time the soilforming processes are largely dormant, except for

frost action.

There is slightly more rainfall in the eastern part of

the county than in the western part. This difference in

the amount of rainfall has produced two types of

native vegetation. The soils in the eastern part of

Marshall County developed under savannah or forest

vegetation, and the soils in the western part formed

under prairie vegetation.

Soils that formed in areas of low precipitation in

the western part of the survey area have more

soluble or colloidal material in the upper part of the

profile than other soils, and carbonates at the surface

are common. Colvin and Bearden soils are examples.

Both of these soils contain a layer of concentrated

carbonates in the upper 16 inches. In the soils that

formed in areas of higher precipitation in the eastern

part of the county, however, most of the carbonates

or colloidal clay has been leached from the surface

layer and has accumulated below this layer. Smiley,

Reiner, and Eckvoll soils are examples of soils that

have a layer of clay accumulation. Carbonates are

below the accumulated clay.

Living Organisms

All forms of life, both in and on the soil, influence

the chemical and biological processes in the soil.

Bacteria, earthworms, insects, and other forms of

animal life aid in the weathering of materials and the

decomposition of organic matter.

Small burrowing animals and larger game animals

alter the soil with their droppings and through their

browsing of vegetation.

Humans also influence the development of soils by

disturbing the natural balance of certain factors and

altering related conditions. When natural vegetation is

removed and the soil is tilled, erosion is accelerated.

Changes in drainage or relief also influence soil

development. Cultivation and additions of fertilizer

can modify the natural soil-forming processes.

Vegetation and fungi influence soil formation by

returning residue to the soil and aiding in

decomposition. Plants and plantlike organisms can

also influence the transfer of elements within the soil

by their influence on soil pH and interaction with

other soil-forming factors, such as climate and relief.

The native vegetation in Marshall County can be

divided into two types. The western part of the county

was once tall grass prairie and wetland reeds and

sedges. Some of the prairie vegetation included big

bluestem, Canada wildrye, prairie cordgrass,

needleandthread, indiangrass, porcupinegrass, and

switchgrass. Fire limited some of the tree growth in

this area. The soils of the native prairie have a deep,

dark surface layer and are rich in organic matter and

nutrients. The second type of native vegetation,

Formation and Classification of the Soils
28 Soil Survey of

mixed hardwoods, is in areas east of the Thief River.

Bur oak, quaking aspen, and birch are among the

hardwood species in this type of vegetation. The

surface layer of soils in the forested regions is not as

rich in organic matter as that of the prairie soils.

Some of the soils that formed under forest vegetation

have a lower content of calcium carbonate than the

soils that formed under prairie vegetation.

Hardwoods, such as ash, elm, and poplar, are

along major stream terraces. These trees aid in

stabilizing the soil along the streambanks.

The vegetation on the beach ridges west of the

Thief River is a mixture of both prairie and

hardwoods. Many of the soils in the county are

influenced by this transitional zone and exhibit

characteristics of both prairie and forested soils.

Parent Material

The soils of Marshall County formed in three major

kinds of parent material. These are calcareous

lacustrine deposits in the basin of Glacial Lake

Agassiz, calcareous glacial till that was modified and

reworked by Lake Agassiz, and alluvial (river)

deposits. Glacial Lake Agassiz covered the entire

county after the glacier receded. Loamy glacial till

underlies all of the present glacial lake sediment at

varying depths. The difference in the depth to the

glacial till, which is at or near the surface in about

two-thirds of the county, accounts for many of the

differences in the soils.

The western one-third of the county is a nearly

level glacial lake plain. Lacustrine sediment of silt

and clay was deposited in lake basins in the western

one-fourth of the county. This lacustrine material

contains 35 to 75 percent clay and commonly

contains less than 5 percent sand. Generally, these

soils do not contain rocks or pebbles. Lacustrine

sand was deposited on sandbars and deltas and in

interbeach areas throughout the rest of this one-third

of the county. Most of the soils in this part of the

county are poorly drained. Along the eastern border

of the glacial lake plain are glacial beach deposits of

sand and gravel. Also, sand and gravel ridges

scattered throughout the eastern two-thirds of the

county are further evidence of the receding shoreline

of Glacial Lake Agassiz. The beach deposits and

ridges are mostly moderately well drained to

excessively drained.

Most of the eastern two-thirds of the county is a

nearly level glacial till plain that has been reworked

by Glacial Lake Agassiz. This reworking by Lake

Agassiz is evidenced by a lag line of stones and

gravel at or near the surface. This calcareous till is

commonly loam or clay loam. It may contain from 20

to 60 percent sand and at least a small amount of

gravel. Most of the soils are poorly drained.

There are several large areas of organic soils in

the eastern two-thirds of the county. These soils

accumulated from the remains of plants in low areas

where there was an abundance of water (Wright,

1972).

A small number of soils were influenced by alluvial

action. These soils are adjacent to streams and

rivers where the soil was carried, sorted, and

redeposited.

Relief

Relief influences soil formation by affecting the

relationships among soil temperature, water, erosion,

and vegetation. Relief is a minor topographic feature

in Marshall County but is an important factor in

differentiating soils that formed in similar parent

material. In Marshall County it is the micro-relief

(slight rises) that distinguishes between some of the

soils. For example, Grimstad and Strathcona soils

are very similar, but Grimstad soils are on the slight

rises and Strathcona soils are in the lower areas. The

position of the Grimstad soils on slight rises has an

impact on drainage and thus affects the use of these

soils for farming, building site development, and

engineering uses.

Another example of the effects of micro-relief is in

complexes consisting of two poorly drained soils,

such as Hegne and Fargo soils. These soils have

similar textures, but one of the soils is slightly higher

on the landscape than the other. The soil in the higher

areas has a higher concentration of carbonates in the

upper part than the soil in the lower areas. This

concentration of carbonates affects the pH of the soil

and the uptake of nutrients.

Because Marshall County has level to gently

sloping topography, many of the soils are poorly

drained and have a high content of organic matter,

have color alterations or mottling, and have a high

concentration of carbonates. Soils in the deeper

depressions have an organic surface layer and a high

water table.

Time

Long periods of time are required for the factors of

soil formation to produce a soil profile from the parent

material. Much less time is needed for soils to form in

warm, humid regions with dense vegetation than in

dry, cold regions with little plant life. Drainage also

influences how quickly a soil develops. The soils in

well drained areas develop more rapidly than those in

areas that are less well drained. The nature of the

plant material also influences how quickly a soil
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 29

forms. Glacial till or lacustrine sediment generally

develops into a soil much faster than bedrock.

All of the soils in Marshall County are geologically

young. Most of the parent material was deposited

9,000 to 12,000 years ago. The parent material was

deposited by the most recent glacier and subsequent

stages of Glacial Lake Agassiz.

Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(USDA, 1975). Beginning with the broadest, these

categories are the order, suborder, great group,

subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based

on soil properties observed in the field or inferred

from those observations or from laboratory

measurements. The table “Classification of the Soils”

in Parts I and II of this publication shows the

classification of the soils in the survey area. The

categories are defined in the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Mollisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Aquoll

(Aqu, meaning water, plus oll, from Mollisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; and base status. Each great group is

identified by the name of a suborder and by a prefix

that indicates a property of the soil. An example is

Endoaquolls (Endo, meaning within, plus aquoll, the

suborder of the Mollisols that has an aquic moisture

regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic is the central concept of the

great group; it is not necessarily the most extensive.

Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

known kind of soil. Each subgroup is identified by one

or more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Endoaquolls.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle-size class,

mineral content, temperature regime, thickness of the

root zone, consistence, moisture equivalent, slope,

and permanent cracks. A family name consists of the

name of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate

soil properties. An example is sandy, mixed, frigid

Typic Endoaquolls.

SERIES. The series consists of soils that have

similar horizons in their profile. The horizons are

similar in color, texture, structure, reaction,

consistence, mineral and chemical composition,

and arrangement in the profile. The texture of the

surface layer or of the substratum can differ within a

series.
30 Soil Survey of

Classification of the Soils

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

 Augsburg-----------------|Typic Calciaquolls, coarse-silty over clayey, mixed, smectitic, superactive, frigid

 Bearden------------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Berner-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Boash--------------------|Vertic Epiaquolls, clayey over loamy, smectitic, mixed, superactive, calcareous,

 | frigid

 Borup--------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Cathro-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Clearriver---------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Clearwater---------------|Typic Epiaquerts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Colvin-------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Corliss------------------|Typic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Cormant------------------|Mollic Psammaquents, mixed, frigid

 Deerwood-----------------|Histic Humaquepts, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Dora---------------------|Terric Borosaprists, clayey, smectitic, euic

 Eaglepoint---------------|Aeric Calciaquerts, very fine, smectitic, frigid

 Eckvoll------------------|Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Enstrom------------------|Aquic Udorthents, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid

 Espelie------------------|Typic Epiaquolls, sandy over clayey, mixed, smectitic, frigid

 Fargo--------------------|Typic Epiaquerts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Flaming------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy, mixed

 Fluvaquents--------------|Fluvaquents, loamy

 Foldahl------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive

 Foxhome------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive

 Garnes-------------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Glyndon------------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Grimstad-----------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Grygla-------------------|Mollic Endoaquents, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid

 Hamar--------------------|Typic Endoaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Hamerly------------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Hamre--------------------|Histic Humaquepts, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid

 Hangaard-----------------|Typic Endoaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Haploborolls-------------|Haploborolls, loamy

 Haug---------------------|Histic Humaquepts, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid

 Hegne--------------------|Typic Calciaquerts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Hilaire------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy over clayey, mixed, smectitic

 Huot---------------------|Aquic Calciborolls, sandy over clayey, mixed, smectitic

 Karlstad-----------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Kittson------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Kratka-------------------|Typic Epiaquolls, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Lamoure------------------|Cumulic Endoaquolls, fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid

 Linveldt-----------------|Aquic Argiborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Lupton-------------------|Typic Borosaprists, euic

 Markey-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, euic

 Marquette----------------|Ochreptic Eutroboralfs, loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive

 Mavie--------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Nereson------------------|Aquic Argiborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Newfolden----------------|Abruptic Udic Argiborolls, clayey over loamy, smectitic, mixed, superactive

 Northcote----------------|Typic Epiaquerts, very fine, smectitic, frigid

 Northwood----------------|Histic Humaquepts, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid

 Pelan--------------------|Aquic Argiborolls, loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive

 Percy--------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Poppleton----------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Radium-------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy, mixed

 Redby--------------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Reiner-------------------|Abruptic Udic Argiborolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Reis---------------------|Typic Calciaquerts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Rifle--------------------|Typic Borohemists, euic

 Roliss-------------------|Typic Endoaquolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid

 Rosewood-----------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Rushlake-----------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Sahkahtay----------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,

 | frigid

 Sandberg-----------------|Udorthentic Haploborolls, sandy, mixed

 Seelyeville--------------|Typic Borosaprists, euic

 |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 31

 Classification of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

 Skagen-------------------|Aquic Calciborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Smiley-------------------|Typic Argiaquolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Strandquist--------------|Typic Endoquolls, sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid

 Strathcona---------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Syrene-------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Tacoosh------------------|Terric Borohemists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Thiefriver---------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy over clayey, mixed, smectitic, frigid

 Udipsamments-------------|Udipsamments

 Ulen---------------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Vallers------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Wahpeton-----------------|Typic Hapluderts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Wheatville---------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, coarse-silty over clayey, mixed, smectitic, superactive, frigid

 Wildwood-----------------|Histic Humaquepts, very fine, smectitic, nonacid, frigid

 Wyandotte----------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy-skeletal over clayey, smectitic, frigid

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
32 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

47 |Colvin silty clay loam---------------------------------------------------------------| 14,951 | 1.3

57A |Fargo silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------------------| 70,440 | 6.1

58 |Kittson loam-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 5,576 | 0.5

59 |Grimstad fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 46,086 | 4.0

65 |Foxhome sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,380 | 0.5

66 |Flaming loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 20,883 | 1.8

67A |Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------------| 5,355 | 0.5

67B |Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------------| 2,201 | 0.2

77 |Garnes fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------------------| 1,342 | 0.1

93A |Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 1,609 | 0.1

111 |Hangaard sandy loam------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,423 | 0.1

116 |Redby loamy fine sand----------------------------------------------------------------| 4,196 | 0.4

117 |Cormant loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 1,472 | 0.1

145 |Enstrom loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 2,331 | 0.2

148 |Poppleton fine sand------------------------------------------------------------------| 7,168 | 0.6

157A |Wahpeton silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded---------------------| 10,307 | 0.9

157B |Wahpeton silty clay, 2 to 6 percent slopes, occasionally flooded---------------------| 925 | *

184A |Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------------------------| 2,281 | 0.2

187 |Haug muck----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,665 | 0.6

205 |Karlstad loamy sand------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,969 | 0.6

236 |Vallers loam-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 28,436 | 2.4

242B |Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 2,331 | 0.2

258B |Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 10,589 | 0.9

280 |Pelan sandy loam---------------------------------------------------------------------| 9,452 | 0.8

372 |Hamar loamy fine sand----------------------------------------------------------------| 540 | *

379 |Percy loam, very cobbly--------------------------------------------------------------| 1,164 | 0.1

383 |Percy loam---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 11,958 | 1.0

384 |Percy mucky loam, depressional-------------------------------------------------------| 785 | *

387 |Roliss loam, depressional------------------------------------------------------------| 2,504 | 0.2

412 |Mavie fine sandy loam----------------------------------------------------------------| 31,967 | 2.8

418 |Lamoure silty clay loam, occasionally flooded----------------------------------------| 1,749 | 0.2

426 |Foldahl loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 13,202 | 1.1

429A |Northcote clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------------------| 23,470 | 2.0

432 |Strandquist loam---------------------------------------------------------------------| 10,236 | 0.9

435 |Syrene sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------------------| 9,572 | 0.8

439 |Strathcona fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------| 45,792 | 3.9

481 |Kratka fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------------------| 37,461 | 3.2

482 |Grygla loamy fine sand---------------------------------------------------------------| 2,652 | 0.2

514 |Tacoosh muck-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 2,410 | 0.2

540 |Seelyeville muck---------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,331 | 0.5

541 |Rifle mucky peat---------------------------------------------------------------------| 7,818 | 0.7

543 |Markey muck--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 10,118 | 0.9

544 |Cathro muck--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 11,884 | 1.0

546 |Lupton muck--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 2,503 | 0.2

547 |Deerwood muck------------------------------------------------------------------------| 7,387 | 0.6

550 |Dora muck----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 10,543 | 0.9

563 |Northwood muck-----------------------------------------------------------------------| 28,967 | 2.5

565 |Eckvoll loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 9,208 | 0.8

582 |Roliss loam--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 28,970 | 2.5

583 |Nereson fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 2,626 | 0.2

630 |Wildwood muck------------------------------------------------------------------------| 4,800 | 0.4

641 |Clearwater clay----------------------------------------------------------------------| 8,726 | 0.8

642 |Clearwater loam----------------------------------------------------------------------| 20,639 | 1.8

643 |Huot fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------------| 10,479 | 0.9

644 |Boash clay loam----------------------------------------------------------------------| 3,583 | 0.3

645 |Espelie fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 4,653 | 0.4

647 |Hilaire loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 3,311 | 0.3

648 |Newfolden loam-----------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,161 | 0.1

649 |Reiner loamy fine sand---------------------------------------------------------------| 3,133 | 0.3

650 |Reiner fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------------------| 16,916 | 1.4

651 |Thiefriver fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------| 3,271 | 0.3

652 |Wyandotte clay loam------------------------------------------------------------------| 5,651 | 0.5

 | | |

See footnote at end of table.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 33

 Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

653 |Smiley mucky loam, depressional------------------------------------------------------| 4,023 | 0.3

708 |Rushlake loamy sand------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,929 | 0.2

712 |Rosewood fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 16,264 | 1.4

713 |Linveldt fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 2,528 | 0.2

721B |Corliss loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 2,188 | 0.2

765 |Smiley loam--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 68,137 | 5.9

794 |Clearriver loamy fine sand-----------------------------------------------------------| 4,076 | 0.4

935 |Hegne-Fargo complex------------------------------------------------------------------| 51,548 | 4.4

936 |Clearwater-Reis complex--------------------------------------------------------------| 2,646 | 0.2

937 |Eaglepoint-Northcote complex---------------------------------------------------------| 15,927 | 1.4

972 |Roliss-Vallers complex---------------------------------------------------------------| 33,450 | 2.9

1006 |Fluvaquents-Haploborolls complex, 0 to 30 percent slopes, flooded--------------------| 10,864 | 0.9

1030 |Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex----------------------------------------------------| 2,996 | 0.2

1031 |Seelyeville muck, ponded-------------------------------------------------------------| 1,071 | *

1143 |Berner-Markey complex----------------------------------------------------------------| 1,525 | 0.1

1144 |Strathcona and Kratka soils, depressional--------------------------------------------| 4,595 | 0.4

1146 |Northwood muck, ponded---------------------------------------------------------------| 785 | *

1158 |Skagen loam--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 711 | *

1170 |Skagen loam, very cobbly-------------------------------------------------------------| 797 | *

1187 |Dora muck, ponded--------------------------------------------------------------------| 8,685 | 0.7

1188 |Wildwood muck, ponded----------------------------------------------------------------| 7,271 | 0.6

1189 |Clearwater mucky loam, depressional--------------------------------------------------| 2,664 | 0.2

1191 |Sahkahtay sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------------| 897 | *

1264 |Ulen loamy fine sand-----------------------------------------------------------------| 44,686 | 3.8

1297 |Augsburg very fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------| 1,784 | 0.2

1299 |Borup very fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------| 3,418 | 0.3

1304A |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 15,828 | 1.4

1304B |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------------| 559 | *

1315A |Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 23,707 | 2.0

1804 |Hamre muck, ponded-------------------------------------------------------------------| 8,950 | 0.8

1807 |Cathro muck, ponded------------------------------------------------------------------| 7,985 | 0.7

1808 |Markey muck, ponded------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,140 | *

1871 |Fargo silty clay, swales-------------------------------------------------------------| 635 | *

1874 |Radium loamy sand--------------------------------------------------------------------| 4,904 | 0.4

1878 |Hamre muck---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 13,776 | 1.2

1882 |Rosewood, Strathcona, and Berner soils, seepy----------------------------------------| 476 | *

1963 |Bearden-Colvin complex---------------------------------------------------------------| 24,486 | 2.1

1964 |Colvin-Fargo complex-----------------------------------------------------------------| 50,560 | 4.4

1966 |Rosewood-Hamar complex---------------------------------------------------------------| 321 | *

 | Water---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 33,800 | 2.9

 | |___________|_______

 | Total----------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,160,100 | 100.0

 | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.

35

In this section, arranged in alphabetical order,

each soil series recognized in the survey area is

described. Each description is followed by the

detailed soil map units associated with the series.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in

which it formed are identified for each soil series. A

pedon, a small three-dimensional area of soil, that is

typical of the series in the survey area is described.

The detailed description of each soil horizon follows

standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” (USDA, 1993).

Many of the technical terms used in the descriptions

are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” (USDA, 1975). Unless

otherwise stated, colors in the descriptions are for

moist soil. Following the pedon description is the

range of important characteristics of the soils in the

series.

The map units on the detailed soil maps in this

survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in

the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this

section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses. More information

about each map unit is given in Part II of this survey.

A map unit delineation on the detailed soil maps

represents an area on the landscape and consists of

one or more soils or miscellaneous areas. A map unit

is identified and named according to the taxonomic

classification of the dominant soils or miscellaneous

areas. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely

defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the

landscape, however, the soils and miscellaneous

areas are natural phenomena, and they have the

characteristic variability of all natural phenomena.

Thus, the range of some observed properties may

extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic

class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class

rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas

of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map

unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas

for which it is named and some “included” areas that

belong to other taxonomic classes.

Most included soils have properties similar to

those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit,

and thus they do not affect use and management.

These are called noncontrasting, or similar,

inclusions. They may or may not be mentioned in the

map unit description. Other included soils and

miscellaneous areas, however, have properties and

behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect

use or to require different management. These are

called contrasting inclusions. They generally are in

small areas and could not be mapped separately

because of the scale used. Some small areas of

strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are

identified by a special symbol on the maps. The

included areas of contrasting soils or miscellaneous

areas are mentioned in the map unit descriptions. A

few included areas may not have been observed, and

consequently they are not mentioned in the

descriptions, especially where the soil pattern was so

complex that it was impractical to make enough

observations to identify all the soils and

miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of included areas in a map unit in no

way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate

pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into segments that have similar use and

management requirements. The delineation of such

landscape segments on the map provides sufficient

information for the development of resource plans,

but if intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite

investigation is needed to define and locate the soils

and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description

includes general facts about the unit. The principal

hazards and limitations to be considered in planning

for specific uses are described in Part II of this

survey.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of

the surface layer or of the underlying layers, all the

soils of a series have major horizons that are similar

in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer or of the underlying layers. They also

can differ in slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness,

degree of erosion, and other characteristics that

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units
36 Soil Survey of

affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a

soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the

areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of

soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly

indicates a feature that affects use or management.

For example, Fargo silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

is a phase of the Fargo series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

complexes or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in

such small areas that they cannot be shown

separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of

the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat

similar in all areas. Hegne-Fargo complex is an

example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be

mapped individually but are mapped as one unit

because similar interpretations can be made for use

and management. The pattern and proportion of the

soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are

not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of

the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be

made up of all of them. Strathcona and Kratka soils,

depressional, is an undifferentiated group in this

survey area.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little

or no vegetation. The Pits component of the Pits,

gravel-Udipsamments complex is an example.

The table “Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the

Soils” in Parts I and II of this survey gives the

acreage and proportionate extent of each map unit.

Other tables (see Contents) give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials

for many uses. The Glossary defines many of the

terms used in describing the soils or miscellaneous

areas.

Augsburg Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow or very slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty over clayey,

mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Typic

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Augsburg very fine sandy loam, 250 feet south and

1,100 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 30, T.

155 N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) very fine sandy

loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg1—9 to 16 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loamy very fine sand; common fine and medium

distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bkg2—16 to 29 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy very fine sand; common medium distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and many medium

distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; few

soft masses of carbonates; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Bg—29 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; many

fine and medium faint dark olive gray (5Y 3/2)

iron depletions and common fine faint olive (5Y 4/

3) iron concentrations; weak very fine angular

blocky structure; firm; few fine threads of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 13 inches

Thickness of the surface mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1

Texture—very fine sandy loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy

loam, or silt loam

2Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 37

1297—Augsburg very fine sandy loam

Composition

Augsburg and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Very fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.6 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Wheatville and similar soils

• Borup and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

• Thiefriver and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Bearden Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained or

moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 300 feet

north and 500 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 28, T. 155 N., R. 49 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) silt loam, black

(10YR 2/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine granular;

friable; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—9 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; disseminated carbonates; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bk2—16 to 24 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; many medium distinct olive gray (5Y 5/2)

iron depletions; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; disseminated carbonates;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—24 to 29 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; common fine prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations and

common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

iron depletions; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few soft masses of carbonates;

few fine very dark brown (10YR 2/2) manganese

concretions; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C—29 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; many fine prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) and many fine and medium distinct

olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations and

many fine and medium faint olive gray (5Y 4/2)

and light olive gray (5Y 6/2) iron depletions;

massive with weak medium platy and subangular

blocky soil fragments; friable; common medium

very dark brown (10YR 2/2) manganese coatings

on faces of peds; common medium soft masses

of carbonates; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 19 inches

A horizon:

Hue—neutral, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6
38 Soil Survey of

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5

Chroma—4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

67A—Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.7 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

67B—Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Slope: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silt loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.6 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

93A—Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 39

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1963—Bearden-Colvin complex

Composition

Bearden and similar soils: About 50 percent

Colvin and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Bearden—flats and slight rises on lake

plains; Colvin—swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Bearden

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

Colvin

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.9 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fargo and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Berner Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow to

moderately rapid; next part—rapid; lower part—

moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, euic Terric

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Berner muck, in an area of Berner-Markey complex,

2,600 feet north and 400 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 6, T. 154 N., R. 44 W.

Oa1—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) muck; 40

percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; common fine roots;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oa2—7 to 18 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) muck;
40 Soil Survey of

40 percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak thick

platy structure parting to weak thin platy; very

friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Oa3—18 to 29 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 10

percent fiber, trace of fiber rubbed; massive; very

friable; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oa4—29 to 33 inches; black (N 2/0) muck; 5 percent

fiber, trace of fiber rubbed; massive; very friable;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—33 to 44 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 15 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cg2—44 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam;

massive with fine and medium blocky soil

fragments; friable; many soft masses of

carbonates; 5 percent gravel; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 21 to 51 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 16 to 34 inches

Depth to glacial till: 30 to 45 inches

Other features: An A horizon in some pedons

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or neutral

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—muck

A horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0

Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy sand

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—gravelly sand, sand, gravelly coarse

sand, coarse sand, or fine sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 20 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or

sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—3 to 10 percent

1143—Berner-Markey complex

Composition

Berner and similar soils: About 55 percent

Markey and similar soils: About 30 percent

Inclusions: About 15 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Berner

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 17.4 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

Markey

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 13.3 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 41

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Boash Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—slow; lower part—

moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Clayey over loamy,

calcareous, smectitic over loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Vertic Epiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Boash clay loam, 2,100 feet south and 800 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 20, T. 155 N., R. 42 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, very dark

gray (N 3/0) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg1—7 to 22 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay;

few fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/6) iron concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine

threads of carbonate; 2 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg2—22 to 33 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay;

few fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/6) iron concentrations; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine

threads of carbonate; 2 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bkg—33 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; few medium prominent olive yellow (2.5Y

6/6) iron concentrations; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine threads of

carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: Less than 10 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 20 inches

Thickness of the clayey mantle: 15 to 38 inches

A horizon:

Hue—neutral or 10YR

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

2Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—3 to 8 percent

644—Boash clay loam

Composition

Boash and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.7 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Hamerly and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Newfolden and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils
42 Soil Survey of

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Borup Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Borup very fine sandy loam, 1,750 feet north and 700

feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 29, T. 158

N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (N 2/0) very fine sandy

loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg1—8 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

very fine sandy loam; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations; weak very

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; disseminated carbonates;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Bkg2—14 to 21 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loamy very fine sand; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations;

weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few very fine roots; disseminated

carbonates; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bkg3—21 to 26 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silt loam; common fine distinct olive yellow (2.5Y

6/6) iron concentrations; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

many medium carbonate coatings on faces of

peds and in pores; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bkg4—26 to 36 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; common

fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine carbonate

coatings on faces of peds and in pores; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg—36 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

stratified silt loam and very fine sand; common

fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and

common fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)

iron concentrations; weak medium platy soil

fragments; friable; common fine carbonate

coatings on faces of peds and in pores; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 15 inches

A horizon:

Hue—neutral or 10YR

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—very fine sandy loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—very fine sandy loam, loamy very fine

sand, or silt loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam, very fine sandy loam, loam,

or very fine sand

1299—Borup very fine sandy loam

Composition

Borup and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Very fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 43

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.7 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Glyndon and similar soils

• Augsburg and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Cathro Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow to

moderately rapid; lower part—moderate or

moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, euic Terric

Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Cathro muck, 2,400 feet north and 2,400 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 23, T. 157 N., R. 43 W.

Oa1—0 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 30

percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak fine

granular structure; friable; many fine and medium

roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Oa2—11 to 25 inches; black (N 2/0) muck; 15

percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; friable; common fine roots; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—25 to 28 inches; black (N 2/0) mucky fine sandy

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral;

abrupt wavy boundary.

Cg—28 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) fine sandy

loam; common medium prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations and

common fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

iron depletions; massive with medium blocky soil

fragments; friable; few fine roots; common fine

threads of carbonate; 7 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 42 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 16 to 40 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—neutral, 7.5YR, or 10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—neutral, 2.5Y, or 10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—mucky fine sandy loam, mucky loam,

clay loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or

loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 4 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or

clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

544—Cathro muck

Composition

Cathro and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface
44 Soil Survey of

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 16.9 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

• Hamre and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Soils that are ponded

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

1807—Cathro muck, ponded

Composition

Cathro and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 3.0 feet above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 20.4 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

• Berner and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Clearriver Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Aquic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Clearriver loamy fine sand, 200 feet south and 200

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 157 N.,

R. 43 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

fine sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; few fine roots;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E/Bt—9 to 14 inches; mixed, dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) fine sand and dark brown (10YR 3/3)

sandy clay loam; common medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron concentrations; moderate

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; clay bridging between sand grains; 7

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C1—14 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sand; single grain; loose; 12 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

C2—25 to 44 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; few common distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; 21 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C3—44 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

sand; few common distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) iron concentrations; single grain; loose; 4
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 45

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 30 inches

Thickness of the surface layer: 3 to 10 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand

E part of the E/Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand or sand

Content of rock fragments—2 to 7 percent

Bt part of the E/Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, sandy

clay loam, or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 7 percent

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand, sand, coarse sand, or

gravelly coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—4 to 30 percent

794—Clearriver loamy fine sand

Composition

Clearriver and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on beach plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.3 inches

Organic matter content: Moderately low

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Grygla and similar soils

• Corliss and similar soils

• Cormant and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Sahkahtay and similar soils

• Redby and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

• Forest Land section

Clearwater Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained or very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate to slow; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Epiaquerts

Typical Pedon

Clearwater loam, 275 feet south and 2,350 feet west

of the northeast corner of sec. 31, T. 156 N., R. 42 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (N 2/0) loam, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate very fine granular;

friable; few fine roots; 4 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bssg1—8 to 20 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; many fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations and many fine

distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions;

moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; few
46 Soil Survey of

fine roots; few distinct intersecting slickensides

on faces of peds with a slant of less than 45

degrees above the horizontal; cracks 1

/4 inch to 3

inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with

material from the A horizon; 4 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bssg2—20 to 33 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) clay; many fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations and many fine faint

olive gray (5Y 4/2) iron depletions; moderate fine

angular blocky structure; firm; common fine

threads of carbonate; few distinct intersecting

slickensides on faces of peds with a slant of less

than 60 degrees above the horizontal; cracks 1/4

inch to 2 inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled

with material from the A horizon; 5 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bg—33 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; many

fine and medium faint dark olive gray (5Y 3/2)

and very dark gray (5Y 3/1) iron depletions and

common fine and medium prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate

fine angular blocky structure; very firm; common

fine threads of carbonate; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to carbonates: Less than 10 inches

A horizon:

Hue—neutral, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay, loam, or mucky loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 4 percent

Bssg and Bg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—3 to 8 percent

641—Clearwater clay

Composition

Clearwater and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.8 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Augsburg and similar soils

• Thiefriver and similar soils

• Newfolden and similar soils

• Wyandotte and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

642—Clearwater loam

Composition

Clearwater and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.6 inches
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 47

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Wyandotte and similar soils

• Augsburg and similar soils

• Newfolden and simialr soils

• Thiefriver and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

936—Clearwater-Reis complex

Composition

Clearwater and similar soils: About 50 percent

Reis and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Clearwater—flats and swales on lake

plains; Reis—slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Clearwater

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.6 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

Reis

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.7 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Wheatville and similar soils

• Glyndon and similar soils

• Augsburg and similar soils

• Newfolden and similar soils

• Espelie and similar soils

• Wyandotte and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1189—Clearwater mucky loam,

depressional

Composition

Clearwater and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Mucky loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.6 inches

Organic matter content: Very high
48 Soil Survey of

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Espelie and similar soils

• Wildwood and similar soils

• Reis and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Colvin Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Colvin silty clay loam, 450 feet south and 1,050 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 25, T. 156 N., R.

49 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bkg1—9 to 14 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bkg2—14 to 29 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay

loam; few fine prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6)

iron concentrations; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bkg3—29 to 40 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; common fine threads of carbonate on faces

of peds and in pores; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—40 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; massive with

medium blocky and platy soil fragments; friable;

common threads of carbonate on faces of peds

and in pores; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

47—Colvin silty clay loam

Composition

Colvin and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.9 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 49

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

• Augsburg and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1964—Colvin-Fargo complex

Composition

Colvin and similar soils: About 50 percent

Fargo and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Colvin—flats and slight rises on lake

plains; Fargo—swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Colvin

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.9 inches

Organic matter content: High

Fargo

Surface layer texture: Silty clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils

• Northcote and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Corliss Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Rapid or very rapid

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Typic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Corliss loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes, 2,200 feet

north and 2,400 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 11, T. 158 N., R. 40 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; 1 percent gravel;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—7 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sand;

single grain; loose; 15 percent gravel; 1 percent

cobbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C1—12 to 34 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 15 percent

gravel; 2 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2—34 to 50 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand;

single grain; loose; 12 percent gravel; 2 percent

cobbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

C3—50 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 20 percent

gravel; 3 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.
50 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 40 inches

Content of rock fragments: 10 to 35 percent

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—less than 2 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand,

loamy sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly coarse

sand

Content of rock fragments—2 to 20 percent

gravel

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—gravelly coarse sand, gravelly sand,

coarse sand, sand, or fine sand

Content of rock fragments—2 to 35 percent

721B—Corliss loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent

slopes

Composition

Corliss and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: Greater than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Sahkahtay and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Cormant Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Mollic

Psammaquents

Typical Pedon

Cormant loamy fine sand, 400 feet north and 600 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 12, T. 158 N., R.

39 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak very fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—8 to 14 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR

6/6) iron concentrations; single grain; loose; few

fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg2—14 to 34 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg3—34 to 54 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; neutral; abrupt wavy

boundary.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 51

Cg4—54 to 60 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) fine

sand; few fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) iron concentrations; single grain; loose;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the surface layer: 5 to 9 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1

Texture—loamy fine sand

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—fine sand or sand

117—Cormant loamy fine sand

Composition

Cormant and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.0 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Redby and similar soils

• Grygla and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Eckvoll and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

• Forest Land section

Deerwood Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate or moderately

rapid; lower part—rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Histic

Humaquepts

Typical Pedon

Deerwood muck, 100 feet south and 100 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 157 N., R. 43 W.

Oa—0 to 11 inches; black (N 2/0) muck; 25 percent

fiber, 10 percent rubbed; moderate fine granular

structure; very friable; many very fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—11 to 15 inches; black (N 2/0) fine sandy loam;

massive; friable; few fine roots; few thin sand

lenses; 1 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—15 to 60 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) fine sand;

common fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

iron depletions and few fine distinct light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; 10 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: Less than 16 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—5Y or neutral
52 Soil Survey of

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or

loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sand, sand, or gravelly coarse

sand

Content of rock fragments—2 to 35 percent

547—Deerwood muck

Composition

Deerwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.9 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Dora Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate or moderately

rapid; lower part—very slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Clayey, smectitic, euic

Terric Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Dora muck, 600 feet south and 1,500 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 155 N., R. 42 W.

Oa1—0 to 23 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 35

percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; many very fine and

common fine and medium roots; strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Oa2—23 to 31 inches; black (N 2/0) muck; 15

percent fiber, trace rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Cg1—31 to 36 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) iron concentrations; massive with

medium blocky soil fragments; firm; 2 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; neutral; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Cg2—36 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron concentrations; massive

with fine and medium blocky soil fragments; firm;

many threads of carbonate; 2 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 42 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 18 to 38 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—muck

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 53

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

550—Dora muck

Composition

Dora and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 18.3 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

• Wildwood and similar soils

• Soils that are ponded

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

1187—Dora muck, ponded

Composition

Dora and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 2 feet

above the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 16.9 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Wildwood and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Eaglepoint Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Very fine, smectitic, frigid

Aeric Calciaquerts

Typical Pedon

Eaglepoint clay, in an area of Eaglepoint-Northcote

complex, 1,684 feet north and 400 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 3, T. 157 N., R. 49 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) clay, very dark
54 Soil Survey of

gray (5Y 3/1) dry; strong coarse and medium

subangular blocky structure; very firm; many

very fine roots; few fine and medium calcium

carbonate threads and concretions on faces of

peds; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

Bkss1—10 to 22 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay;

moderate thin platy structure parting to strong

very fine angular blocky; very firm; common very

fine roots in peds and pores; many very fine

tubular pores; few distinct intersecting

slickensides on faces of peds with a slant of less

than 45 degrees above the horizontal; cracks 1

/4

inch to 3 inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled

with material from the A horizon; many carbonate

coatings throughout; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bkss2—22 to 29 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay; few

fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron

concentrations; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to strong very fine angular blocky; very

firm; common very fine roots in peds and pores;

common very fine tubular pores; few distinct

intersecting slickensides on faces of peds with a

slant of less than 60 degrees above the

horizontal; cracks 1/4 inch to 2 inches wide and 2

to 4 feet apart filled with material from the A

horizon; many carbonate coatings throughout;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bkg1—29 to 40 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate fine

prismatic structure parting to strong very fine

angular blocky; very firm; few very fine roots in

peds and pores; common very fine tubular pores;

common carbonate coatings throughout; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bkg2—40 to 48 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5Y 5/6)

and common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate fine

prismatic structure parting to strong very fine

angular blocky; very firm; common very fine

tubular pores; common carbonate coatings

throughout; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—48 to 55 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and many fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate

medium platy structure parting to moderate fine

subangular blocky; firm; few very fine tubular

pores; common fine and medium soft masses of

carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—55 to 82 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; common fine prominent reddish brown (5YR

4/4) and many fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; medium platy

and fine angular blocky soil fragments; very firm;

few fine and medium soft masses of carbonate;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—1 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—clay

Bkss and Bkg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

BCg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay or clay

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silty clay or clay

937—Eaglepoint-Northcote complex

Composition

Eaglepoint and similar soils: About 55 percent

Northcote and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 5 percent

Setting

Landform: Eaglepoint—flats and slight rises on lake

plains; Northcote—swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Eaglepoint

Surface layer texture: Clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 55

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 2.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.1 inches

Organic matter content: High

Northcote

Surface layer texture: Clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Eckvoll Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive

Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Eckvoll loamy fine sand, 150 feet north and 2,500

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 21, T. 155

N., R. 39 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—8 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand, light

gray (10YR 7/2) dry; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine faint

dark brown (10YR 4/3) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; few fine roots; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt—28 to 33 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy clay loam; common fine distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/4) iron concentrations and common

medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron

depletions; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct

very dark gray (10YR 3/1), continuous clay films

on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

2BC—33 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

many medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

and common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many

threads of carbonate; 8 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 22 to 48 inches

Thickness of the argillic horizon: 4 to 8 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 36 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sand or sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

2BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam or silt loam
56 Soil Survey of

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

565—Eckvoll loamy fine sand

Composition

Eckvoll and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 2.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.0 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Enstrom Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, frigid Aquic Udorthents

Typical Pedon

Enstrom loamy fine sand, 200 feet south and 1,700

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 16, T. 158

N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

fine sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—7 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand;

common fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) and common medium distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—15 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

fine sand; common fine distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2C—25 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common fine prominent brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) and common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

massive with weak fine subangular blocky soil

fragments; friable; many soft masses of

carbonates; 8 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 25 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand or sand

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 57

145—Enstrom loamy fine sand

Composition

Enstrom and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.5 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Grygla and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Poppleton and similar soils

• Foxhome and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Espelie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over clayey, mixed

over smectitic, frigid Typic Epiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Espelie fine sandy loam, 750 feet south and 1,600

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 156 N.,

R. 42 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (N 2/0) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg1—10 to 15 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loamy fine sand; common medium prominent light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; 4

percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—15 to 25 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; common medium prominent olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations and

common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron

depletions; single grain; loose; 2 percent gravel;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg3—25 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

sand; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

iron concentrations and common fine faint

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; single

grain; loose; 3 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg—34 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations and common

medium faint gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions;

massive with medium blocky soil fragments; firm;

common fine threads of carbonate; 5 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 17 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—neutral or 10YR

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—fine sandy loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand,

or sand

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent
58 Soil Survey of

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—1 to 8 percent

645—Espelie fine sandy loam

Composition

Espelie and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.2 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hilaire and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Thiefriver and similar soils

• Wyandotte and similar soils

• Hamar and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Fargo Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Epiaquerts

Typical Pedon

Fargo silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 2,500 feet north

and 1,500 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 31,

T. 155 N., R. 48 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay, very dark

gray (N 3/0) dry; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure parting to weak very fine

granular; friable; common very fine and fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 11 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay, very

dark gray (5Y 3/1) dry; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; common fine and very fine

roots; slightly effervescent; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bssg—11 to 17 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay;

moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; few fine roots;

few distinct intersecting slickensides on faces of

peds with a slant of less than 45 degrees above

the horizontal; cracks 1/4 inch to 3 inches wide

and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with material from the

A horizon; slightly effervescent; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bkssg—17 to 30 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; few fine roots;

few distinct intersecting slickensides on faces of

peds with a slant of less than 60 degrees above

the horizontal; cracks 1/4 inch to 2 inches wide

and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with material from the

A horizon; common fine threads of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bkg—30 to 43 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak

very fine subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots;

many fine threads of carbonate; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg—43 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; many medium distinct light olive brown
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 59

(2.5Y 5/4) and common fine and medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; massive with medium platy and

blocky soil fragments; firm; common fine threads

of carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 42 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 20 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay

Bssg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay or clay

Bkssg and Bkg horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay or clay

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam

57A—Fargo silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Fargo and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silty clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Colvin and similar soils

• Hegne and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1871—Fargo silty clay, swales

Composition

Fargo and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Swales and depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silty clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: Rare

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Wahpeton and similar soils
60 Soil Survey of

• Colvin and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Flaming Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Aquic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Flaming loamy fine sand, 150 feet north and 1,000

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 33, T. 155

N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—9 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy

fine sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—15 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—29 to 38 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

fine sand; many medium faint olive yellow (2.5Y

6/6) iron concentrations and common fine faint

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions;

single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2—38 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; common medium prominent olive yellow

(2.5Y 6/6) and few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to more than 60 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, or sand

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand

66—Flaming loamy fine sand

Composition

Flaming and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.4 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Radium and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Hamar and similar soils

• Poppleton and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 61

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1006—Fluvaquents-Haploborolls

complex, 0 to 30 percent slopes,

flooded

Composition

Fluvaquents and similar soils: About 45 percent

Haploborolls and similar soils: About 45 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Fluvaquents—flats and swales on flood

plains; Haploborolls—backslopes and shoulders

on flood plains

Slope: Fluvaquents—0 to 2 percent; Haploborolls—2

to 30 percent

Component Description

Fluvaquents

Surface layer texture: Very fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Frequent

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 3 feet

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.4 inches

Organic matter content: High

Haploborolls

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: Rare

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 5.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

Inclusions

• Soils that have steeper slopes

• Dominantly sandy soils

• Dominantly clayey soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Foldahl Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Foldahl loamy fine sand, 2,500 feet south and 750

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 157

N., R. 46 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—9 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—13 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sand; single

grain; loose; few fine roots; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw2—23 to 33 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sand; few medium distinct dark brown

(7.5YR 4/4) and common fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C—33 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many medium distinct olive yellow (2.5Y

6/6) and common medium distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; massive

with medium blocky soil fragments; friable;

common fine soft masses of carbonates; 8

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 21 to 32 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3
62 Soil Survey of

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sand or fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 10 percent

426—Foldahl loamy fine sand

Composition

Foldahl and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.9 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Foxhome Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; next

part—rapid; lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal over loamy,

mixed, superactive Aquic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Foxhome sandy loam, 200 feet south and 2,200 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 154 N., R.

45 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw1—8 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few very fine roots; 12 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw2—14 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 55

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bw3—20 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly coarse sand; common fine distinct

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions

and few fine faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose; 65

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

3BC—26 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) iron concentrations; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few medium

soft masses of carbonates; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 16 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 63

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 15 to 38 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—gravelly loamy sand, gravelly sandy

loam, or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—10 to 20 percent

2Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand, very

gravelly loamy sand, or very gravelly sand

Content of rock fragments—35 to 65 percent

3BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

65—Foxhome sandy loam

Composition

Foxhome and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.9 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this map

unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is available in

the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of this

publication.

Inclusions

• Mavie and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Foldahl and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Garnes Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Garnes fine sandy loam, 200 feet south and 1,400

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 30, T. 158

N., R. 41 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—4 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt—10 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; few

medium faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of

peds; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bk—17 to 26 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

few fine faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron

depletions; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine carbonate
64 Soil Survey of

coatings on faces of peds and in pores; 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

C—26 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

few medium distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) iron depletions; massive with fine and

medium blocky soil fragments; very friable; many

fine carbonate coatings on faces of peds and in

pores; 8 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 13 to 17 inches

Thickness of the surface layer: 4 to 6 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 8 to 18 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—clay loam or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

Bk and C horizons:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—3 to 8 percent

77—Garnes fine sandy loam

Composition

Garnes and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.0 inches

Organic matter content: Moderately low

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Grygla and similar soils

• Linveldt and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

• Forest Land section

Glyndon Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—

moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

1,000 feet north and 100 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 22, T. 158 N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) very fine sandy

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 65

Bk1—9 to 18 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy very

fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; disseminated

carbonates; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk2—18 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy very fine sand; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C1—23 to 35 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loamy very fine sand; few fine faint olive yellow

(2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations; massive; very

friable; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C2—35 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy very fine sand; many medium distinct olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/8) iron concentrations and many

medium faint light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions;

massive; very friable; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 11 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—very fine sandy loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy

loam, loam, or silt loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loamy very fine sand, very fine sand,

very fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam

1304A—Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0

to 2 percent slopes

Composition

Glyndon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Very fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.6 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Borup and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Wheatville and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1304B—Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2

to 6 percent slopes

Composition

Glyndon and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Slope: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Very fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.7 inches

Organic matter content: High
66 Soil Survey of

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Borup and similar soils

• Lamoure and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Grimstad Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid or rapid;

lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Grimstad fine sandy loam, 1,850 feet north and 500

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 155

N., R. 46 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy

loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk—10 to 17 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy fine

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; few very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings in root channels;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C1—17 to 29 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

fine sand; few fine and common medium faint

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions and

common fine faint olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) iron

concentrations; single grain; loose; 1 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

2C2—29 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many medium faint light gray (2.5Y 7/2)

iron depletions and common fine prominent olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/8) and many medium prominent

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations;

massive with fine blocky soil fragments; friable;

common fine irregular soft masses of

carbonates; 8 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 14 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine

sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sand or fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 8 percent

59—Grimstad fine sandy loam

Composition

Grimstad and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 67

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.3 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Vallers and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

• Foldahl and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Grygla Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, frigid Mollic Endoaquents

Typical Pedon

Grygla loamy fine sand, 200 feet south and 2,150 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 25, T. 158 N., R.

39 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg1—7 to 18 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; few fine distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6)

and many fine faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) iron concentrations; single grain; loose;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg2—18 to 33 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; many medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) iron concentrations; single grain; loose;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bg3—33 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) iron concentrations; weak very fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

common fine irregular soft masses of

carbonates; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the surface layer: 5 to 8 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—fine sand, sand, or loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

2Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

482—Grygla loamy fine sand

Composition

Grygla and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)
68 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.1 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Berner and similar soils

• Eckvoll and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

• Forest Land section

Hamar Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hamar loamy fine sand, 1,700 feet north and 400 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 14, T. 157 N., R.

46 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; few fine roots;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

AC—7 to 20 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

loamy fine sand, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg1—20 to 31 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

fine sand; few fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Ab—31 to 33 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg2—33 to 56 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; common fine faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) iron depletions; single grain; loose; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg3—56 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) fine sand;

few fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose; 1 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 11 to 20 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1

Texture—loamy fine sand

AC horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—2

Texture—loamy fine sand

Cg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2

Texture—fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Ab horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3

Chroma—2

Texture—fine sand

372—Hamar loamy fine sand

Composition

Hamar and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 69

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.0 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Flaming and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Hamerly Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aeric Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, 1,400 feet south

and 1,850 feet east of the northwest corner of sec.

17, T. 156 N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; 1 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—9 to 16 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine roots; disseminated carbonates; 1

percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—16 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine masses of

carbonates; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—24 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loam; common fine distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions and common medium

faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron

concentrations; massive with medium blocky soil

fragments; friable; common fine masses of

carbonates; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 10 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 3 percent

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

184A—Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent

slopes

Composition

Hamerly and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent
70 Soil Survey of

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.4 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Roliss and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Foxhome and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Hamre Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

Typical Pedon

Hamre muck, 2,500 feet north and 1,350 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 23, T. 157 N., R. 43 W.

Oa—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) muck; 10 percent

fiber, 3 percent rubbed; moderate fine granular

structure; very friable; many fine and medium

roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—9 to 14 inches; black (N 2/0) loam, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

2 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—14 to 29 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) and few medium prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; common fine threads of carbonate; 3

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg2—29 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many medium distinct light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) and common fine and medium

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; disseminated

carbonates; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 20 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

1878—Hamre muck

Composition

Hamre and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 71

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 12.9 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Soils that are ponded

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

1804—Hamre muck, ponded

Composition

Hamre and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot below

the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 12.9 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

• Northwood and similar soils

• Berner and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Hangaard Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—very

rapid

Landform: Beach deposits on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Hangaard sandy loam, 1,600 feet north and 100 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 6, T. 158 N., R.

39 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; few very fine

roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ag—8 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; few very fine roots; 10 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—14 to 20 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)
72 Soil Survey of

gravelly coarse sand; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; 20 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg2—20 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; 20 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg3—30 to 38 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

sand; common fine distinct brown (10YR 5/3) iron

concentrations; single grain; loose; 5 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Cg4—38 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly coarse sand; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; 25 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 30 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Content of rock fragments: Averages 10 to 35 percent

in the 10- to 40-inch control section

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Ag horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—gravelly coarse sand, coarse sand,

gravelly sand, very gravelly coarse sand, or

stratified sand or fine sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent

111—Hangaard sandy loam

Composition

Hangaard and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on beach plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 2.9 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Radium and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Sahkahtay and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Haug Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and till
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 73

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

calcareous, frigid Histic Humaquepts

Typical Pedon

Haug muck, 2,100 feet south and 1,000 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 35, T. 158 N., R. 45 W.

Oa—0 to 8 inches; black (N 2/0) muck; 20 percent

fiber, trace rubbed; weak very fine granular

structure; very friable; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

A—8 to 17 inches; black (N 2/0) loam; weak fine

granular structure; friable; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg1—17 to 24 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; 2 percent

gravel; many fine masses of carbonates; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bkg2—24 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) iron concentrations; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; 2 percent

gravel; many fine masses of carbonates; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg1—35 to 44 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) loam;

many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

iron concentrations; weak very fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; 3 percent gravel;

common fine masses of carbonates; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg2—44 to 60 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) loam;

many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) iron concentrations; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; 3 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 8 to 11 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent

Bkg and Bg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 12 percent

187—Haug muck

Composition

Haug and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.9 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Percy and similar soils

• Cathro and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Other soils that are ponded

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section
74 Soil Survey of

Hegne Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Calciaquerts

Typical Pedon

Hegne silty clay, in an area of Hegne-Fargo complex,

600 feet south and 2,100 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 22, T. 157 N., R. 49 W.

Apk—0 to 10 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay, very

dark gray (N 3/0) dry; common fine distinct olive

gray (5Y 4/2) iron depletions; strong fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few

fine and medium roots; many fine soft masses of

carbonates; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bkssg1—10 to 18 inches; about 60 percent olive gray

(5Y 4/2) and 40 percent dark gray (5Y 6/1) silty

clay, light gray (5Y 6/1) and gray (5Y 5/1) dry;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few fine roots; few distinct intersecting

slickensides on faces of peds with a slant of less

than 45 degrees above the horizontal; cracks 1

/4

inch to 3 inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled

with material from the A horizon; many fine soft

masses of carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bkssg2—18 to 34 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty

clay, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) dry; common fine

faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions; moderate

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; few distinct intersecting

slickensides on faces of peds with a slant of less

than 60 degrees above the horizontal; cracks 1/4

inch to 2 inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled

with material from the A horizon; many fine soft

masses of carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bg—34 to 50 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay;

common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5YR

5/4) iron concentrations; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine soft

masses of carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—50 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

common medium distinct gray (5Y 5/1) iron

depletions and common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and fine reddish yellow

(7.5YR 6/6) iron concentrations; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky soil fragments parting

to weak thin platy; firm; few medium carbonate

coatings on faces of peds; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Apk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay

Bkssg horizon:

Hue—5Y, 2.5Y, or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay or clay

Bg horizon:

Hue—5Y or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay or clay

935—Hegne-Fargo complex

Composition

Hegne and similar soils: About 50 percent

Fargo and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Hegne—flats and slight rises on lake

plains; Fargo—swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Hegne

Surface layer texture: Silty clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.0 inches
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 75

Organic matter content: High

Fargo

Surface layer texture: Silty clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Bearden and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

• Northcote and similar soils

• Eaglepoint and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Hilaire Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over clayey, mixed

over smectitic Aquic Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Hilaire loamy fine sand, 1,800 feet north and 2,500

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 6, T. 155 N.,

R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine

sand, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few very fine roots; 1 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—11 to 22 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few very fine roots; 1 percent gravel;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—22 to 34 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

fine sand; common fine and medium distinct dark

brown (10YR 4/3) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bk—34 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; many

fine and medium faint very dark gray (5Y 3/1)

iron depletions and common fine prominent olive

brown (2.5Y 4/4) iron concentrations; moderate

medium angular blocky structure; firm; common

fine soft masses of carbonates; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 6 to 34 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 12 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1

Texture—loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

2Bk horizon:

Hue—5Y or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

647—Hilaire loamy fine sand

Composition

Hilaire and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent
76 Soil Survey of

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 5.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.3 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Wyandotte and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

• Thiefriver and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Huot Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over clayey, mixed

over smectitic, frigid Aquic Calciborolls

Typical Pedon

Huot fine sandy loam, 1,700 feet north and 800 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 154 N., R.

44 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) fine sandy loam,

black (10YR 2/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bk1—9 to 16 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy fine

sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; disseminated

carbonates; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—16 to 21 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sand; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose;

disseminated carbonates; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C1—21 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sand; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2C2—29 to 60 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay;

few medium prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) iron concentrations; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few

fine masses of carbonates; 2 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 14 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—fine sandy loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loamy fine sand or fine sand

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, clay, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 77

643—Huot fine sandy loam

Composition

Huot and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.3 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Wyandotte and similar soils

• Espelie and similar soils

• Hilaire and similar soils

• Soils that have less clay in the substratum

• Clearwater and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Karlstad Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Karlstad loamy sand, 1,200 feet south and 350 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 158 N., R.

44 W.

A—0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; few fine roots; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

E1—3 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

E2—6 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand; common

fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron

concentrations and few fine faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions; single grain; loose;

few fine roots; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—12 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

iron concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—16 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

sandy loam; few fine distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 3/6) iron concentrations and few

fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few roots matted around stones;

common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) clay films on faces of peds; 20 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C—19 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very

gravelly coarse sand; common fine faint brown

(10YR 5/3) and few fine distinct brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; 50 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 24 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR
78 Soil Survey of

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sand or loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—3

Texture—gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 25 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand, very

gravelly loamy sand, gravelly coarse sand,

gravelly sand, coarse sand, sand, or fine sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent

205—Karlstad loamy sand

Composition

Karlstad and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on beach plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.6 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Strandquist and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Kittson Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Loamy glaciolacustrine deposits and

till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed Aquic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Kittson loam, 200 feet south and 1,850 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 25, T. 155 N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; 1 percent gravel;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

AB—8 to 11 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and

dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam, dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; 1

percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw—11 to 15 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bk1—15 to 23 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations and few fine

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine masses of carbonates; 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 79

2Bk2—23 to 33 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and many medium and coarse distinct

light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine masses of

carbonates; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—33 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many coarse distinct light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) iron concentrations; massive with fine

blocky soil fragments; friable; common fine

masses of carbonates; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 15 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

AB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

2Bk and 2C horizons:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

58—Kittson loam

Composition

Kittson and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Foldahl and similar soils

• Hamerly and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Kratka Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid or rapid;

lower part—moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Kratka fine sandy loam, 200 feet south and 100 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 154 N., R.

39 W.
80 Soil Survey of

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; very friable; few very fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—9 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loamy fine sand, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) dry; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; 1

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—13 to 26 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

fine sand; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bkg—26 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine and medium soft masses of

carbonates; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 15 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand, or

loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

2Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

481—Kratka fine sandy loam

Composition

Kratka and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.9 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Foldahl and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Strandquist and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Lamoure Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Cumulic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Lamoure silty clay loam, occasionally flooded, 2,750
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 81

feet south and 1,950 feet east of the northwest corner

of sec. 6, T. 156 N., R. 48 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (N 3/0) dry; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—10 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very

fine roots; few snail shells; common fine threads

of carbonate; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg1—15 to 21 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; few fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron

concentrations; massive with weak very fine

subangular blocky fragments; friable; few very

fine roots; few snail shells; common fine threads

of carbonate; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2—21 to 42 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; common fine

prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) iron

concentrations and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

iron depletions; massive with weak very fine

blocky fragments; friable; few very fine roots; few

snail shells; common fine threads of carbonate;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Ab—42 to 49 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) iron concentrations; moderate

very fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few

snail shells; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg—49 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

4/6) iron concentrations; massive with moderate

very fine blocky fragments; firm; few fine soft

masses of carbonate; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 45 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Cg and 2Cg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Ab horizon:

Hue—5Y or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

418—Lamoure silty clay loam,

occasionally flooded

Composition

Lamoure and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on flood plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silty clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Occasional

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.6 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fargo and similar soils

• Bearden and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section
82 Soil Survey of

Linveldt Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid or moderately rapid;

lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, superactive,

mixed Aquic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Linveldt fine sandy loam, 2,300 feet south and 1,750

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 157

N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine

sandy loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—10 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy

sand; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) iron concentrations; weak fine

granular structure parting to single grain; very

friable; few very fine roots; 2 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt—13 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

few fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

iron concentrations; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 2

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw1—19 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sand;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

iron concentrations and few fine faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions; single grain;

loose; 2 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bw2—23 to 31 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) sand; few fine distinct brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; 8 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

3C—31 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) and common fine prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/8) iron concentrations; massive

with medium blocky soil fragments; friable; few

medium masses of carbonates; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 25 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or sandy

loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—3

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

2Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—sand or loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

3C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

713—Linveldt fine sandy loam

Composition

Linveldt and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 83

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.7 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Reiner and similar soils

• Eckvoll and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Lupton Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Lupton muck, 800 feet north and 1,300 feet east of

the southwest corner of sec. 32, T. 157 N., R. 41 W.

Oa1—0 to 12 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2)

muck; 70 percent fiber, 15 percent rubbed; weak

coarse granular structure; very friable; 10

percent woody fragments, stems, and sticks;

very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Oe—12 to 21 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)

mucky peat; 85 percent fiber, 25 percent rubbed;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting

to weak medium granular; very friable; 5 percent

woody fragments, stems, and sticks; very strongly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Oa2—21 to 60 inches; black (5YR 2.5/1) muck; 10

percent fiber, trace rubbed; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

few woody fragments; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the histic epipedon: More than 60

inches

Other features: Some pedons have an Oi horizon of

living sphagnum material 2 to 4 inches thick.

Oa horizons:

Hue—5YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—muck

Oe horizon:

Hue—5YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—mucky peat

546—Lupton muck

Composition

Lupton and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 1 foot

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
84 Soil Survey of

Inclusions

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Soils that are ponded

• Cathro and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Markey Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately slow to

moderately rapid; lower part—rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy or sandy-skeletal,

mixed, euic Terric Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Markey muck, 700 feet south and 850 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 5, T. 154 N., R. 44 W.

Oa—0 to 25 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 25

percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; few fine roots; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—25 to 28 inches; black (2.5Y 2/0) mucky fine

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine masses of carbonates;

slightly effervescent; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Cg1—28 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy sand; common fine prominent olive yellow

(2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations; weak medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable;

4 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—34 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

sand; common medium distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) and many fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 44 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 16 to 42 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR or 5YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 10YR, or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—mucky fine sandy loam, mucky sand,

fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—coarse sand, sand, fine sand, loamy

sand, or gravelly sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

543—Markey muck

Composition

Markey and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.9 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 85

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Soils that are ponded

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

1808—Markey muck, ponded

Composition

Markey and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 17.1 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Berner and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Marquette Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—very rapid

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 8 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Ochreptic Eutroboralfs

Typical Pedon

Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes, 2,600

feet south and 200 feet east of the northwest corner

of sec. 31, T. 158 N., R. 42 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

fine and medium roots; 5 percent gravel; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common distinct dark

brown (10YR 3/3) and very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay bridging on sand grains; 10

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—10 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

3/4) extremely gravelly sandy loam; moderate

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common

fine roots; common distinct dark brown (10YR

3/3) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay

bridging on sand grains; 65 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C1—13 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine

roots; 65 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2—29 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 25

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 24 inches
86 Soil Survey of

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—extremely gravelly sandy loam, very

gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly loam, very

gravelly coarse sandy loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—averages 35 to 65

percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—extremely gravelly coarse sand, very

gravelly coarse sand, gravelly coarse sand,

very gravelly sand, coarse sand, or sand

Content of rock fragments—10 to 65 percent

242B—Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8

percent slopes

Composition

Marquette and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope: 1 to 8 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: Greater than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.0 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Syrene and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Sahkahtay and similar soils

• Karlstad and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Mavie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderate or moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal over loamy,

mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Mavie fine sandy loam, 900 feet north and 200 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 155 N., R.

46 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (N 2/0) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; 1 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg—10 to 16 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine

sandy loam; common fine and medium distinct

gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; disseminated carbonates; 1 percent gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

2Cg1—16 to 27 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very gravelly sand; common fine distinct olive

brown (2.5Y 4/4) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose;

disseminated carbonates; 55 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

3Cg2—27 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; many fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2) iron depletions and common medium
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 87

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

concentrations; massive with medium blocky soil

fragments; friable; few fine masses of

carbonates; 7 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 12 inches

Thickness of the upper mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand, very

gravelly sand, or extremely gravelly sand

Content of rock fragments—35 to 65 percent

3Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 8 percent

412—Mavie fine sandy loam

Composition

Mavie and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.7 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Foxhome and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Nereson Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive Aquic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Nereson fine sandy loam, 2,300 feet south and 50

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 27, T. 158

N., R. 45 W.

A—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

fine sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt—10 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam;

moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm;
88 Soil Survey of

few very fine roots; few thin dark brown (10YR 3/3)

clay films on faces of peds and in pores and some

clay bridging between sand grains; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw—18 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly loam; few fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) iron concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; 20

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bkg—20 to 33 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 7/2)

loam; common fine distinct light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) iron concentrations; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

subangular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; 10

percent gravel; disseminated lime; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cg—33 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) iron concentrations and few medium distinct

gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; massive

breaking to medium blocky soil fragments;

friable; 12 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 22 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam,

loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

2Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—gravelly loam, gravelly fine sandy loam,

or gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 30 percent

2Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam,

gravelly loam, or gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 20 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, gravelly loam, or

gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 20 percent

583—Nereson fine sandy loam

Composition

Nereson and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.2 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Percy and similar soils

• Enstrom and similar soils

• Foxhome and similar soils
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 89

• Skagen and similar soils

• Soils that have a very cobbly surface layer

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Newfolden Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—slow; lower part—

moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed over smectitic,

superactive Abruptic Udic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Newfolden loam, 300 feet south and 2,500 feet west

of the northeast corner of sec. 35, T. 155 N., R. 43 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt—7 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; few

fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions; moderate coarse angular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bk1—16 to 25 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) iron concentrations; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many soft

masses of carbonates; 3 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bk2—25 to 36 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

clay loam; many medium prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) iron concentrations; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

many soft masses of carbonates; 3 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2C—36 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

clay loam; many coarse prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) iron concentrations; massive

with medium blocky soil fragments; friable;

common soft masses of carbonates; 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 29 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 18 inches

Other features: Some pedons have a BC horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—clay or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

2Bk or 2Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

648—Newfolden loam

Composition

Newfolden and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)
90 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Boash and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Northcote Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Very fine, smectitic, frigid

Typic Epiaquerts

Typical Pedon

Northcote clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 2,300 feet

south and 100 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 1, T. 158 N., R. 49 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (N 2/0) clay, very dark gray

(N 3/0) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bssg1—10 to 16 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay;

weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; few very

fine roots; few distinct intersecting slickensides

on faces of peds with a slant of less than 45

degrees above the horizontal; cracks 1

/4 inch to 3

inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with

material from the A horizon; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bssg2—16 to 29 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay;

weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; few very

fine roots; few distinct intersecting slickensides

on faces of peds with a slant of less than 60

degrees above the horizontal; cracks 1/4 inch to 2

inches wide and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with

material from the A horizon; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Bssg3—29 to 49 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common fine faint olive (5Y 4/3) iron

concentrations; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct

intersecting slickensides on faces of peds with a

slant of less than 60 degrees above the

horizontal; cracks 1/4 to 1 inch wide and 3 to 4

feet apart filled with material from the A horizon;

few fine soft masses of carbonates; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg—49 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay; many

fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and

common fine faint olive (5Y 4/3) iron

concentrations; massive with fine blocky soil

fragments; firm; common fine soft masses of

carbonates; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 30 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches

Content of clay: 60 to 80 percent in the 10- to 40-inch

control section

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay

Bssg horizon:

Hue—5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay

Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 91

429A—Northcote clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Composition

Northcote and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1 to 3 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Eaglepoint and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

• Fargo and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Northwood Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; next

part—rapid; lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

Typical Pedon

Northwood muck, 1,500 feet north and 1,000 feet east

of the southwest corner of sec. 9, T. 157 N., R. 42 W.

Oa—0 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 20 percent

fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak thin platy structure;

very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—12 to 20 inches; black (N 2/0) fine sandy loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine roots; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg1—20 to 26 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loamy fine sand; few fine prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg2—26 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

coarse sand; common medium prominent olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; 12 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Cg—34 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common medium prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) and few medium prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations;

massive with medium blocky soil fragments;

friable; common fine soft masses of carbonates;

5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 30 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Depth to glacial till: 20 to 40 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—fine sandy loam, mucky fine sandy

loam, or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—coarse sand, sand, loamy sand, loamy
92 Soil Survey of

fine sand, or fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

563—Northwood muck

Composition

Northwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.3 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamre and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Markey and similar soils

• Other soils that are ponded

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

1146—Northwood muck, ponded

Composition

Northwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 2 feet

above the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 12.7 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

• Berner and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Pelan Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

superactive Aquic Argiborolls
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 93

Typical Pedon

Pelan sandy loam, 1,500 feet east and 1,450 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 32, T. 157 N., R.

43 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly coarse

sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; many very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of

peds and bridging sand grains; few fine masses

of carbonates; 15 percent gravel; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—9 to 12 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) very gravelly sandy loam; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; many

dark brown (10YR 3/3) continuous clay films on

faces of peds and bridging sand grains; few fine

masses of carbonates; 50 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—12 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 40

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—16 to 24 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very gravelly coarse sand; few medium distinct

light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) iron

concentrations; single grain; loose; 40 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bk—24 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common fine prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) and few medium prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine soft masses of

carbonates; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 20 inches

Depth to glacial till: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—very gravelly sandy loam, gravelly

coarse sandy loam, or gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—averages 35 to 60

percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand, gravelly

sand, or gravelly fine sand

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent

2Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 10 percent

280—Pelan sandy loam

Composition

Pelan and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.6 inches

Organic matter content: Moderately low

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.
94 Soil Survey of

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

• Foldahl and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Percy Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained or very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid

Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Percy loam, 1,200 feet south and 2,100 feet west of

the northeast corner of sec. 2, T. 158 N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; 3 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Bg—8 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

gravelly fine sandy loam; common fine distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; 15 percent gravel; 5 percent

cobbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bkg1—11 to 17 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2) loam; common fine distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

disseminated carbonates; 7 percent gravel; 3

percent cobbles; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bkg2—17 to 35 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) iron concentrations; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

carbonate coatings; 10 percent gravel; 3 percent

cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2Cg—35 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6 and 5/8) iron concentrations; massive; friable;

common fine carbonate coatings; 10 percent

gravel; 3 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or mucky loam

Content of gravel—0 to 5 percent

2Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand,

loamy sand, loam, or the gravelly analogs of

these textures

Content of gravel—10 to 30 percent

2Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or fine sandy loam

Content of gravel—10 to 13 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam or fine sandy loam

Content of gravel—10 to 13 percent

379—Percy loam, very cobbly

Composition

Percy and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 95

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.7 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Skagen and similar soils

• Haug and similar soils

• Strandquist and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

383—Percy loam

Composition

Percy and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.0 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Skagen and similar soils

• Haug and similar soils

• Soils that have a very cobbly surface layer

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Nereson and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

384—Percy mucky loam, depressional

Composition

Percy and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.7 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Strandquist and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Haug and similar soils

• Berner and similar soils
96 Soil Survey of

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1030—Pits, gravel-Udipsamments

complex

Composition

Pits: 70 percent

Udipsamments: 20 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Component Description

Pits

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Udipsamments

Surface layer texture: Sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: Greater than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.0 inches

Organic matter content: Very low

Inclusions

• Marquette and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Poppleton Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Aquic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Poppleton fine sand, 2,600 feet north and 100 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 23, T. 156 N., R.

47 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine

sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—6 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/3) fine

sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—9 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand;

many fine and medium distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations and many

medium fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions; single grain; loose; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

C1—30 to 45 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand;

many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) iron concentrations and few fine faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; single

grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—45 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

sand; few fine distinct light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) iron concentrations; single grain;

loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 30 inches or more

Other features: Some pedons have an E horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—fine sand, sand, or loamy sand

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—sand or fine sand
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 97

148—Poppleton fine sand

Composition

Poppleton and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.9 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamar and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Rushlake and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Radium Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Aquic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Radium loamy sand, 1,450 feet south and 500 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 4, T. 155 N., R.

45 W.

Ap—0 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw1—14 to 19 inches; very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; 10 percent

gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—19 to 33 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sand; single grain; loose; 12 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

C1—33 to 43 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very gravelly coarse sand; few fine faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; single grain;

loose; 50 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

C2—43 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 30 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or

the gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—10 to 25 percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand, very

gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand, gravelly

sand, coarse sand, or sand

Content of rock fragments—averages between

10 and 35 percent; as much as 50 percent in

some subhorizons
98 Soil Survey of

1874—Radium loamy sand

Composition

Radium and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on beach plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

• Flaming and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Redby Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Aquic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Redby loamy fine sand, 1,500 feet south and 625 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 158 N., R.

39 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—6 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine

sand; common fine prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) and few fine prominent dark

brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—13 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand;

few medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6), few fine

distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4), and common

fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron

concentrations; single grain; loose; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—21 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand;

few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), few

fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4), and many

medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron

concentrations and few fine distinct gray (10Y

5/1) iron depletions; single grain; loose; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

C—36 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; few fine prominent olive yellow (2.5Y

6/6) iron concentrations and few fine distinct gray

(10Y 5/1) iron depletions; single grain; loose; 2

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 36 inches or more

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sand or sand

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—fine sand or sand

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 99

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—fine sand or sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

116—Redby loamy fine sand

Composition

Redby and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1.5 to 2.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.8 inches

Organic matter content: Moderately low

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Cormant and similar soils

• Clearriver and similar soils

• Grygla and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Eckvoll and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

• Forest land

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

• Forest Land section

Reiner Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive Abruptic Udic Argiborolls

Typical Pedon

Reiner fine sandy loam, 1,900 feet north and 1,700

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 6, T. 155 N.,

R. 40 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt—9 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; few

medium distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

iron depletions; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common very

dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) clay films on faces

of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bk—16 to 32 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common medium distinct light yellowish

brown (10YR 6/4) and few medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron concentrations;

weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine soft masses of carbonates;

2 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

C—32 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; few medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) and common medium distinct pale

yellow (2.5Y 7/4) iron concentrations; massive

with medium blocky soil fragments; friable; many

fine soft masses of carbonates; 3 percent

cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 13 to 22 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

Other features: Some pedons have an E horizon.

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand
100 Soil Survey of

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 8 percent

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 8 percent

649—Reiner loamy fine sand

Composition

Reiner and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Kratka and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

• Eckvoll and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

650—Reiner fine sandy loam

Composition

Reiner and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 5.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.0 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Smiley and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Pelan and similar soils

• Linveldt and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 101

Reis Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate to slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Calciaquerts

Typical Pedon

Reis clay loam, in an area of Clearwater-Reis

complex, 275 feet south and 2,350 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 31, T. 156 N., R. 42 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, very dark

gray (5Y 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; few fine

carbonate coatings on faces of peds; 1 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bkssg1—7 to 14 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay;

common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) iron concentrations; moderate fine angular

blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; few

distinct intersecting slickensides on faces of

peds with a slant of less than 45 degrees above

the horizontal; cracks 1

/4 inch to 3 inches wide

and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with material from the

A horizon; common fine carbonate coatings on

faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bkssg2—14 to 21 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty

clay; many fine prominent dark olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) iron concentrations; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots;

few distinct intersecting slickensides on faces of

peds with a slant of less than 60 degrees above

the horizontal; cracks 1

/4 inch to 2 inches wide

and 2 to 4 feet apart filled with material from the

A horizon; few fine carbonate coatings on faces

of peds; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bkssg3—21 to 30 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay;

many medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

iron concentrations; moderate medium angular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct

intersecting slickensides on faces of peds with a

slant of less than 60 degrees above the

horizontal; cracks 1

/4 to 1 inch wide and 3 to 4

feet apart filled with material from the A horizon;

common soft masses of carbonates; 2 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg—30 to 60 inches; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)

clay; common medium prominent olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) iron concentrations; massive with

medium blocky soil fragments; firm; common soft

masses of carbonates; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 4 percent

Bkssg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or 5GY

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

Rifle Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Borohemists

Typical Pedon

Rifle mucky peat, 700 feet north and 150 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 4, T. 157 N., R. 39 W.

Oe1—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky peat; 70

percent fiber, 30 percent rubbed; weak thick platy

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine

roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oe2—6 to 30 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

mucky peat; 80 percent fiber, 40 percent rubbed;

weak thin platy structure; very friable; common

very fine roots; extremely acid; clear smooth

boundary.
102 Soil Survey of

Oa—30 to 35 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 40

percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

O ́e—35 to 60 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

mucky peat; 60 percent fiber, 25 percent rubbed;

massive; very friable; few very fine roots; very

strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the histic epipedon: Greater than 60

inches

Oe and O ́e horizons:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—mucky peat

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1

Texture—muck

541—Rifle mucky peat

Composition

Rifle and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Mucky peat

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 31.8 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Tacoosh and similar soils

• Berner and similar soils

• Soils that contain more wood fragments

• Soils that are ponded

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Roliss Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Roliss loam, 300 feet south and 2,050 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 24, T. 155 N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) loam, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; very

friable; few fine roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—9 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; few fine roots; 2 percent gravel;

very slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Bg—12 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bkg—17 to 26 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

many medium distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) and common fine prominent olive yellow

(2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

soft masses of carbonates; 7 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 103

BC—26 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many medium distinct light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations and common

medium faint light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine soft masses of carbonates; 7 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

BC horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

387—Roliss loam, depressional

Composition

Roliss and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.5 feet

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

• Berner and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

582—Roliss loam

Composition

Roliss and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.6 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this
104 Soil Survey of

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamre and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Kittson and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

972—Roliss-Vallers complex

Composition

Roliss and similar soils: About 50 percent

Vallers and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Roliss—flats and swales on lake plains;

Vallers—slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Roliss

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

Vallers

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.2 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Hamre and similar soils

• Hamerly and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Kittson and similar soils

• Smiley and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Rosewood Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained or very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Rosewood fine sandy loam, 1,200 feet east and 300

feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 157

N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy

loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bkg1—12 to 18 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy

fine sand; common medium faint grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; disseminated
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 105

carbonates; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bkg2—18 to 22 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loamy fine sand; common medium faint dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron depletions and

common fine prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—22 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; common medium distinct light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and many medium

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron

concentrations; single grain; loose; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—fine sandy loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand, or fine

sandy loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2

Texture—fine sand or sand

712—Rosewood fine sandy loam

Composition

Rosewood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.6 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Flaming and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1882—Rosewood, Strathcona, and Berner

soils, seepy

Composition

Rosewood: Variable

Strathcona: Variable

Berner: Variable

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Toeslopes

Slope: Rosewood—0 to 2 percent; Strathcona—0 to 2

percent; Berner—0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Rosewood

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 1 foot

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.9 inches
106 Soil Survey of

Organic matter content: High

Strathcona

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.5 inches

Organic matter content: High

Berner

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 14.3 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Karlstad and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

• Sandberg and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

1966—Rosewood-Hamar complex

Composition

Rosewood and similar soils: About 55 percent

Hamar and similar soils: About 40 percent

Inclusions: About 5 percent

Setting

Landform: Rosewood—flats and slight rises on lake

plains; Hamar—swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Rosewood

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 5.3 inches

Organic matter content: High

Hamar

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 1.5 feet

below the surface

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.8 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Ulen and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 107

Rushlake Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, frigid Aquic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Rushlake loamy sand, 550 feet south and 2,150 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 157 N., R.

43 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy

sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak

fine granular structure; very friable; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—8 to 12 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy

sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) dry; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; loose; 1

percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

C1—12 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; 23

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—17 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 21 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

C3—24 to 42 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

gravelly sand; common medium distinct light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations

and few fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron

depletions; single grain; loose; 17 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C4—42 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sand; common medium distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) and few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations and few

fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions;

single grain; loose; 7 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 36 inches

Thickness of the surface layer: 4 to 9 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—3

Texture—loamy sand or sand

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—gravelly loamy sand, gravelly sand,

gravelly coarse sand, coarse sand, sand, or

loamy coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

708—Rushlake loamy sand

Composition

Rushlake and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on beach plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.0 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Marquette and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils
108 Soil Survey of

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Sahkahtay Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; lower part—

rapid or very rapid

Landform: Beach deposits on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Mollic

Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Sahkahtay sandy loam, 100 feet south and 1,200 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 2, T. 157 N., R.

43 W.

A—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—4 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; loose; few very fine roots; 5 percent

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg—8 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy clay loam; common fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations and

common fine distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron

depletions; moderate fine angular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on

faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg1—14 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loamy coarse sand; few fine faint olive brown

(2.5Y 4/4) iron concentrations and common fine

distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions; weak fine

subangular blocky soil fragments parting to

single grain; very friable; few very fine roots; 10

percent gravel; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg2—18 to 30 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

gravelly coarse sand; few fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations and few fine

distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions; single

grain; loose; 30 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg3—30 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

gravelly coarse sand; few fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations and few fine

distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions; single

grain; loose; 30 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 14 to 30 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loamy sand or sand

Content of rock fragments—2 to 7 percent

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4

Chroma—2

Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—gravelly coarse sand, gravelly sand,

loamy coarse sand, or sand

Content of rock fragments—averages 10 to 35

percent; less than 10 percent or more than 35

percent in some subhorizons

1191—Sahkahtay sandy loam

Composition

Sahkahtay and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 109

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on beach plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.7 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Karlstad and similar soils

• Clearriver and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Soils that have a till substratum

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Sandberg Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—very

rapid

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed Udorthentic

Haploborolls

Typical Pedon

Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes, 1,250

feet north and 300 feet east of the southwest corner

of sec. 30, T. 155 N., R. 44 W.

Ap—0 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; few fine roots; 5 percent

gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw—12 to 17 inches; very dark brown (10YR 3/3)

sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) dry;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; 10 percent

gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C1—17 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) coarse sand;

single grain; loose; few fine roots; 12 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C2—26 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly

coarse sand; single grain; loose; 50 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C3—39 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

coarse sand; single grain; loose; 10 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 13 to 20 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 9 to 16 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3

Texture—sand or gravelly sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand, gravelly

coarse sand, coarse sand, or sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent; as

much as 55 percent in some subhorizons

258B—Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6

percent slopes

Composition

Sandberg and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent
110 Soil Survey of

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope: 1 to 6 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Excessively drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: Greater than 6.0 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 3.2 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Radium and similar soils

• Syrene and similar soils

• Soils that contain more gravel

• Hangaard and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Seelyeville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic Typic Borosaprists

Typical Pedon

Seelyeville muck, 2,300 feet south and 2,100 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 13, T. 157 N., R.

46 W.

Oa—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 30

percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine

roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oe—8 to 12 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) mucky peat; 40 percent fiber, 25 percent

rubbed; weak thick platy structure; very friable;

few very fine roots; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

O ́a1—12 to 26 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 25

percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak thin platy

structure; very friable; few very fine and fine

roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

O ́a2—26 to 40 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 20

percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

O ́a3—40 to 60 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 15

percent fiber, trace rubbed; massive; very friable;

few very fine and fine roots; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the histic epipedon: More than 60

inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1

Texture—muck

Oe horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3

Chroma—2

Texture—mucky peat

540—Seelyeville muck

Composition

Seelyeville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials

Flooding: None
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 111

Seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Berner and similar soils

• Soils that are ponded

• Rifle and similar soils

• Lupton and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

1031—Seelyeville muck, ponded

Composition

Seelyeville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 3 feet

above the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 24.0 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Cathro and similar soils

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

• Soils that contain woody fragments

• Berner and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Skagen Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Aquic Calciborolls

Typical Pedon

Skagen loam, 1,900 feet north and 900 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 10, T. 157 N., R. 45 W.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; few fine carbonate

concretions; 2 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bk1—7 to 10 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

gravelly loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; disseminated

carbonates; 11 percent gravel; 4 percent cobbles;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bk2—10 to 14 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; disseminated carbonates;

8 percent gravel; 4 percent cobbles; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bk3—14 to 21 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loam; common fine and medium faint olive yellow

(2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;
112 Soil Survey of

disseminated carbonates; 6 percent gravel; 4

percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Bw—21 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) loam; common fine faint olive yellow (2.5Y

6/8) iron concentrations; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; 6

percent gravel; 4 percent cobbles; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent gravel;

0 to 10 percent cobbles

Bk horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5

Chroma—2

Texture—gravelly loam or gravelly fine sandy

loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 35 percent

gravel; 0 to 10 percent cobbles

2Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 15 percent

gravel; 0 to 5 percent cobbles

2Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly

analogs of these textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 15 percent

gravel; 0 to 5 percent cobbles

1158—Skagen loam

Composition

Skagen and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.8 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Percy and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

• Foxhome and similar soils

• Soils that have a very cobbly surface layer

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1170—Skagen loam, very cobbly

Composition

Skagen and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Till
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 113

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.8 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Percy and similar soils

• Foxhome and similar soils

• Strandquist and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Smiley Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained or very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Smiley loam, 200 feet north and 200 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 28, T. 156 N., R. 39 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; common fine and few

medium roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Btg—9 to 16 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and few medium

roots; common distinct black (5Y 2.5/1) clay films

on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bkg1—16 to 20 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium faint olive (5Y 5/3) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; disseminated

carbonates; 4 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bkg2—20 to 38 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

many fine and medium prominent olive yellow

(2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations and many medium

faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

common soft masses of carbonates; 7 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—38 to 60 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) loam;

many medium prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6)

iron concentrations and few fine distinct dark

gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions; massive with

coarse blocky soil fragments; friable; common

soft masses of carbonates; 7 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 20 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam or mucky loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 7 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 7 percent
114 Soil Survey of

653—Smiley mucky loam, depressional

Composition

Smiley and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.0 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Vallers and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

765—Smiley loam

Composition

Smiley and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 10.4 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Reiner and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Strandquist Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—rapid; lower part—

moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal over loamy,

mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Strandquist loam, 950 feet north and 300 feet east of

the southwest corner of sec. 10, T. 156 N., R. 39 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 115

structure; very friable; common very fine roots;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bg1—10 to 15 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

very gravelly loamy coarse sand; few fine

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron

concentrations; single grain; loose; common very

fine roots; 55 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bg2—15 to 30 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very

gravelly coarse sand; common fine prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; few very fine roots; 50

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

3Bg3—30 to 36 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loam; common fine distinct light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

soft masses of carbonates; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

3Cg—36 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many medium prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; massive with fine

blocky soil fragments; friable; common fine soft

masses of carbonates; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 10 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Depth to glacial till: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand, very

gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand, gravelly

sand, or very gravelly loamy coarse sand

Content of rock fragments—averages 35 to 75

percent

3Bg and 3Cg horizons:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—3 to 10 percent

432—Strandquist loam

Composition

Strandquist and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and swales on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.1 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Foxhome and similar soils

• Karlstad and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Hangaard and similar soils

• Percy and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Strathcona Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained
116 Soil Survey of

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid or rapid;

lower part—moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Strathcona fine sandy loam, 1,650 feet south and 400

feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 2, T. 156 N.,

R. 44 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) fine sandy loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bkg—9 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few fine roots; disseminated

carbonates; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bg1—15 to 21 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; common coarse prominent brownish

yellow (10YR 6/8) and few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bg2—21 to 32 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; common medium prominent olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/6) and few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron concentrations; single

grain; loose; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

3Cg—32 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) iron concentrations and many fine

faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions; massive with medium blocky soil

fragments; friable; few fine threads and soft

masses of carbonates; 6 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—fine sandy loam or mucky fine sandy

loam

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or

fine sand

2Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—2

Texture—fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine

sand

3Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—5 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 7 percent

439—Strathcona fine sandy loam

Composition

Strathcona and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.0 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Northwood and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Vallers and similar soils
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 117

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

1144—Strathcona and Kratka soils,

depressional

Composition

Strathcona: Variable

Kratka: Variable

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Strathcona

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.2 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

Kratka

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.0 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in this

section. Additional information specific to this map

unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is available in

the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of this

publication.

Inclusions

• Northwood and similar soils

• Roliss and similar soils

• Percy and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Syrene Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—rapid

Landform: Beach deposits on lake plains

Parent material: Beach deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Syrene sandy loam, 200 feet south and 1,250 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 9, T. 156 N., R.

46 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (N 2/0) sandy loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; 1 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bkg—10 to 19 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) fine sandy

loam; common medium distinct dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 4/2) and common fine faint gray (5Y

5/1) iron depletions; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots;

disseminated carbonates; 1 percent gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

2Cg1—19 to 25 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; few fine prominent light olive brown
118 Soil Survey of

(2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; single grain; loose; 5

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg2—25 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly fine sand; many medium distinct light

yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and many fine and

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

iron concentrations; single grain; loose; 30

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 12 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam,

or loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—gravelly sand, gravelly fine sand,

coarse sand, sand, or fine sand

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

435—Syrene sandy loam

Composition

Syrene and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on beach plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Beach deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.3 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Radium and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

• Deerwood and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Tacoosh Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate or moderately

rapid; lower part—moderately slow or moderate

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, euic Terric

Borohemists

Typical Pedon

Tacoosh muck, 100 feet north and 1,500 feet east of

the southwest corner of sec. 4, T. 158 N., R. 40 W.

Oa—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 70

percent fiber, 15 percent rubbed; weak thick platy

structure parting to weak thin platy; very friable;

very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oe1—8 to 21 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky peat;

90 percent fiber, 35 percent rubbed; weak thick

platy structure parting to weak thin platy; friable;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oe2—21 to 29 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) mucky

peat; 90 percent fiber, 35 percent rubbed; weak
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 119

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.

Oe3—29 to 33 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky peat;

70 percent fiber, 20 percent rubbed; weak

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

very friable; extremely acid; clear smooth

boundary.

O ́a—33 to 36 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; 40

percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

extremely acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg1—36 to 40 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy loam; massive with fine blocky soil

fragments; friable; common medium black (10YR

2/1) organic coatings on exteriors of blocky soil

fragments; 10 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—40 to 60 inches; very dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine

sandy loam; few fine distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations; massive

with medium blocky soil fragments; friable; few

fine black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on

exteriors of blocky soil fragments; 3 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 51 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 16 to 50 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1

Texture—muck

Oe horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—mucky peat

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

514—Tacoosh muck

Composition

Tacoosh and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 18.9 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Rifle and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

• Northwood and similar soils

• Seelyeville and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

Thiefriver Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy over clayey, mixed

over smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Thiefriver fine sandy loam, 2,000 feet south and 750

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 9, T. 156 N.,

R. 42 W.
120 Soil Survey of

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; very friable; few fine roots; 3 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg1—8 to 15 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

loamy fine sand; few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; disseminated carbonates; 2 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bkg2—15 to 31 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loamy fine sand; common fine prominent olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/6) iron concentrations; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

disseminated carbonates; 1 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

wavy boundary.

2Cg—31 to 60 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay; few

fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and

common fine prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

iron concentrations; massive with fine blocky soil

fragments; very firm; common fine soft masses

of carbonates; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 11 inches

Thickness of the sandy mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y

Value—4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

651—Thiefriver fine sandy loam

Composition

Thiefriver and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 7.6 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Huot and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Hilaire and similar soils

• Espelie and similar soils

• Rosewood and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Ulen Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 121

Slope range: 0 to 3 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, frigid, mixed Aeric

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Ulen loamy fine sand, 750 feet north and 1,900 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 23, T. 156 N., R.

47 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—10 to 17 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy

fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bk2—17 to 21 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C1—21 to 27 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

fine sand; few fine distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions; single grain; loose;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

C2—27 to 49 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

fine sand; common medium prominent olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/6) and common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C3—49 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very fine sand; many medium prominent olive

yellow (2.5Y 6/6) and common fine prominent

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations

and gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; single grain;

loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or fine

sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand;

subhorizons of very fine sand, sand, or coarse

sand in some pedons

1264—Ulen loamy fine sand

Composition

Ulen and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loamy fine sand

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.8 inches

Organic matter content: Moderate

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Rosewood and similar soils

• Huot and similar soils

• Radium and similar soils

• Strathcona and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section
122 Soil Survey of

Vallers Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Vallers loam, 1,000 feet south and 800 feet east of

the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 156 N., R. 44 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) loam, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; 2

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg1—9 to 15 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; few fine distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron

depletions and common fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron concentrations; weak very

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very

fine roots; disseminated carbonates; 1 percent

gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bkg2—15 to 26 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; common medium distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) and few fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron concentrations; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; few fine soft masses of carbonates; 4

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—26 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

loam; many medium distinct light yellowish brown

(2.5Y 6/4) and common fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron concentrations; massive

with fine blocky soil fragments; friable; few fine

soft masses of carbonates; 6 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 5Y, or neutral

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 8 percent

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, silty clay loam, or sandy clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 5 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 8 percent

236—Vallers loam

Composition

Vallers and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 11.2 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Northwood and similar soils

• Kratka and similar soils

• Mavie and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Hamre and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 123

• Agronomy section

Wahpeton Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or moderate

Landform: River terraces

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic

Hapluderts

Typical Pedon

Wahpeton silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded, 800 feet north and 1,800 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 8, T. 157 N., R.

50 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay,

dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; strong fine and medium

angular blocky structure; very firm; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Ass—9 to 22 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) silty clay, dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; strong fine

and medium angular blocky structure; very firm;

common distinct slickensides on faces of peds;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bss—22 to 35 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silty

clay, gray (5Y 5/1) dry; moderate thin and

medium platy structure; very firm; common

distinct slickensides; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

C—35 to 60 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silty

clay, light gray (5Y 6/1) dry; massive with

medium platy soil fragments; very firm; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 11 to 35 inches

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 18 to 38 inches

Other features: An Ab horizon in some pedons; a Bk

horizon in some pedons

A and Ass horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay

Bss and C horizons:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

157A—Wahpeton silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Composition

Wahpeton and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on flood plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silty clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Occasional

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.4 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fargo and similar soils

• Northcote and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

157B—Wahpeton silty clay, 2 to 6 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Composition

Wahpeton and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Rises on flood plains and terraces
124 Soil Survey of

Slope: 2 to 6 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Silty clay

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Alluvium

Flooding: Occasional

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 9.2 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Fargo and similar soils

• Northcote and similar soils

• Colvin and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Wheatville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderately rapid; lower

part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-silty over clayey,

mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Aeric

Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, 1,500 feet north and 300 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 33, T. 157 N., R. 47 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) very fine sandy

loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bk1—9 to 14 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) very fine

sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

disseminated carbonates; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bk2—14 to 23 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) loamy very fine sand; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—23 to 29 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loamy very fine sand; common medium

prominent olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions and

common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) iron concentrations; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few

very fine roots; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2C—29 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay; common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

iron depletions and common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations;

massive with medium and fine blocky soil

fragments; very firm; few soft masses of

carbonates; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 14 inches

Thickness of the silty mantle: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—very fine sandy loam

Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loamy very fine sand or very fine sandy

loam

Bw horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—4

Texture—loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy

loam, or very fine sand

2C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 125

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2

Texture—clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

loam

1315A—Wheatville very fine sandy loam,

0 to 2 percent slopes

Composition

Wheatville and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Very fine sandy loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 2.5 to 3.5 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 8.9 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Augsburg and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Ulen and similar soils

• Grimstad and similar soils

• Thiefriver and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section

Wildwood Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Slope range: 0 to 1 percent

Taxonomic classification: Very fine, smectitic,

nonacid, frigid Histic Humaquepts

Typical Pedon

Wildwood muck, 1,300 feet north and 175 feet west of

the southeast corner of sec. 5, T. 155 N., R. 42 W.

Oa—0 to 9 inches; black (N 2/0) muck; 15 percent

fiber rubbed; weak medium subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine granular; very

friable; few very fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—9 to 12 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam; few

fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) iron

concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; 3 percent

gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg—12 to 18 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay; few fine

prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron

concentrations and common fine distinct light

olive gray (5Y 6/2) iron depletions; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; 3 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bkg—18 to 29 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

few fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

iron concentrations and common fine faint dark

gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine

soft masses of carbonates; 4 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg—29 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay;

few fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6)

iron concentrations and common fine faint dark

gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions; massive with

medium blocky soil fragments; firm; few fine soft

masses of carbonates; 3 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 19 inches

Thickness of the histic epipedon: 8 to 16 inches

Oa horizon:

Hue—5Y or neutral

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—muck

A horizon:

Hue—10YR or neutral
126 Soil Survey of

Value—2

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 3 percent

Bg and Bkg horizons:

Hue—5Y, 2.5Y, or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 4 percent

Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y, 2.5Y, or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay, clay, or clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 4 percent

630—Wildwood muck

Composition

Wildwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1.0 foot above to 0.5 foot

below the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 4.6 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Thiefriver and similar soils

• Dora and similar soils

• Soils that are ponded

• Reis and similar soils

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section

1188—Wildwood muck, ponded

Composition

Wildwood and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Depressions on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Muck

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Organic materials and

glaciolacustrine deposits or till

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: At the surface to 2 feet

above the surface

Ponding duration: Very long

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.5 inches

Organic matter content: Very high

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Dora and similar soils

• Soils that have a mineral surface layer

Major Uses of the Unit

• Wildlife habitat

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Wildlife Habitat section
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 127

Wyandotte Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Upper part—moderate; next part—

rapid; lower part—slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits and till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Sandy-skeletal over clayey,

mixed over smectitic, frigid Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon

Wyandotte clay loam, 300 feet east and 300 feet

south of the northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 154 N., R.

44 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bkg1—8 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; disseminated carbonates; 2

percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bkg2—15 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

very gravelly coarse sand; few medium

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron

concentrations; single grain; loose; few fine roots;

60 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

3Cg—29 to 60 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay;

common medium distinct olive (5Y 5/4) iron

concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common fine

soft masses of carbonates; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 12 inches

Depth to clayey lacustrine sediments: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2

Chroma—1

Texture—clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

Bkg horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4

Chroma—1

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 5 percent

2Bkg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2

Texture—very gravelly coarse sand or very

gravelly sand

Content of rock fragments—35 to 60 percent

3Cg horizon:

Hue—5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—clay or silty clay

Content of rock fragments—3 to 5 percent

652—Wyandotte clay loam

Composition

Wyandotte and similar soils: About 90 percent

Inclusions: About 10 percent

Setting

Landform: Flats and slight rises on lake plains

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Component Description

Surface layer texture: Clay loam

Depth class: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Dominant parent material: Glaciolacustrine deposits

and till

Flooding: None

Depth to the water table: 1 to 3 feet

Available water capacity to 60 inches or root-limiting

layer: About 6.0 inches

Organic matter content: High

A typical soil series description with range in

characteristics is included, in alphabetical order, in

this section. Additional information specific to this

map unit, such as horizon depth and textures, is

available in the “Soil Properties” section in Part II of

this publication.

Inclusions

• Foxhome and similar soils

• Hilaire and similar soils

• Clearwater and similar soils

• Espelie and similar soils
128

Major Uses of the Unit

• Cropland

• Hayland

• Pasture

For general and detailed information concerning

these uses, see Part II of this publication:

• Agronomy section
129

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1986.

Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and testing.

14th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1993. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Arndt, B. Michael. 1977. Stratigraphy of offshore sediment, Lake Agassiz, North

Dakota. North Dakota Geological Survey, Report of Investigation 60.

Hobbs, Howard C., and Joseph E. Goebel. 1982. Geologic map of Minnesota—

Quaternary geology. U.S. Geological Survey.

Minnesota Agricultural Statistics Service. 1991. Minnesota agriculture statistics. U.S.

Department of Agriculture and Minnesota Department of Agriculture.

Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation District. 1986. Windbreaks. Minnesota Tree

Handbook.

Nikiforoff, C.C. 1939. Soil survey (reconnaissance) of the Red River Valley Area,

Minnesota. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Soil Survey Division, Series 1933,

number 25.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1975. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil

classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. Soil Conservation Service,

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1993. Soil survey manual. U.S. Department

of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Wright, H.E., Jr. 1972. Quaternary history of Minnesota. In Geology of Minnesota: A

centennial volume. Minnesota Geological Survey, pp. 515-547.

References

131

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air

from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated

soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in

a poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds.

Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or

logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness

characterized by saturation, reduction, and

redoximorphic features.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and

other uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a

characteristic repeating pattern and defined and

delineated as a single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity,

in inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer

is expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate ........................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high ................................................more than 12

Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms

the steepest inclined surface and principal

element of many hillslopes. Backslopes in profile

are commonly steep and linear and descend to a

footslope. In terms of gradational process,

backslopes are erosional forms produced mainly

by mass wasting and running water.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the

ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material

having cation-exchange properties is saturated

with exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na,

and K), expressed as a percentage of the total

cation-exchange capacity.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian,

lacustrine, or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed

at the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar

material, and designed to make the soil suitable

for tillage and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Blowout. A shallow depression from which all or

most of the soil material has been removed by

wind. A blowout has a flat or irregular floor

formed by a resistant layer or by an accumulation

of pebbles or cobbles. In some blowouts the

water table is exposed.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical,

or biological methods to make conditions

favorable for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate

competition from woody vegetation and thus

allow understory grasses and forbs to recover.

Brush management increases forage production

and thus reduces the hazard of erosion. It can

improve the habitat for some species of wildlife.

Glossary
132 Soil Survey of

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated

with cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

California bearing ratio (CBR). The load-supporting

capacity of a soil as compared to that of a

standard crushed limestone, expressed as a

ratio. First standardized in California. A soil

having a CBR of 16 supports 16 percent of the

load that would be supported by standard

crushed limestone, per unit area, with the same

degree of distortion.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of

electricity. The common soil cations are calcium,

potassium, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the

soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per

100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at

some other stated pH value. The term, as applied

to soils, is synonymous with base-exchange

capacity but is more precise in meaning.

Catsteps. Very small, irregular terraces on steep

hillsides, especially in pasture, formed by the

trampling of cattle or the slippage of saturated

soil.

Channery soil material. Soil material that is, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or

loosen hard, compacted layers to a depth below

normal plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles

less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil

textural class, soil material that is 40 percent or

more clay, less than 45 percent sand, and less

than 40 percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to

25 centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that is 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil

material is 35 to 60 percent of these rock

fragments, and extremely cobbly soil material is

more than 60 percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of

soil or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate

pattern or so small in area that it is not practical

to map them separately at the selected scale of

mapping. The pattern and proportion of the soils

or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in

all areas.

Compressible (in tables). Excessive decrease in

volume of soft soil under load.

Concretions. Grains, pellets, or nodules of various

sizes, shapes, and colors consisting of

concentrated compounds or cemented soil

grains. The composition of most concretions is

unlike that of the surrounding soil. Calcium

carbonate and iron oxide are common

compounds in concretions.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the soil-depleting

crops and practices. Cropping systems are

needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving practices

in a conservation cropping system include the

use of rotations that contain grasses and

legumes and the return of crop residue to the
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 133

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. Any tillage and planting

system in which a cover of crop residue is

maintained on at least 30 percent of the surface

after planting in order to reduce the hazard of

water erosion; in areas where wind erosion is the

primary concern, a system that maintains a

cover of at least 1,000 pounds of flat residue of

small grain or its equivalent during the critical

erosion period.

Consistence, soil. The feel of the soil and the ease

with which a lump can be crushed by the fingers.

Terms commonly used to describe consistence

are:

Loose.—Noncoherent when dry or moist; does

not hold together in a mass.

Friable.—When moist, crushes easily under

gentle pressure between thumb and forefinger

and can be pressed together into a lump.

Firm.—When moist, crushes under moderate

pressure between thumb and forefinger, but

resistance is distinctly noticeable.

Plastic.—Readily deformed by moderate

pressure but can be pressed into a lump; will

form a “wire” when rolled between thumb and

forefinger.

Sticky.—Adheres to other material and tends to

stretch somewhat and pull apart rather than to

pull free from other material.

Hard.—When dry, moderately resistant to

pressure; can be broken with difficulty between

thumb and forefinger.

Soft.—When dry, breaks into powder or individual

grains under very slight pressure.

Cemented.—Hard; little affected by moistening.

Contour stripcropping (or contour farming).

Growing crops in strips that follow the contour.

Strips of grass or close-growing crops are

alternated with strips of clean-tilled crops or

summer fallow.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including

the living branches and their foliage.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer

that has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams

per cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the

ease of digging and can affect filling and

compacting.

Depth, soil. The thickness of the soil over bedrock.

Very deep soils are more than 60 inches deep

over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Depth to rock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the

surface for the specified use.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency

and duration of periods of saturation or partial

saturation during soil formation, as opposed to

altered drainage, which is commonly the result of

artificial drainage or irrigation but may be caused

by the sudden deepening of channels or the

blocking of drainage outlets. Seven classes of

natural soil drainage are recognized:

Excessively drained.—These soils have very

high and high hydraulic conductivity and a low

water-holding capacity. They are not suited to

crop production unless irrigated.

Somewhat excessively drained.—These soils

have high hydraulic conductivity and a low waterholding capacity. Without irrigation, only a narrow

range of crops can be grown and yields are low.

Well drained.—These soils have an intermediate

or high water-holding capacity. They retain

optimum amounts of moisture, but they are not

wet close enough to the surface or long enough

during the growing season to adversely affect

yields.

Moderately well drained.—These soils are wet

close enough to the surface or long enough that

planting or harvesting operations or yields of
134 Soil Survey of

most field crops are affected. Moderately well

drained soils commonly have a layer with low

hydraulic conductivity, a wet layer relatively high

in the profile, additions of water by seepage, or

some combination of these.

Somewhat poorly drained.—These soils are wet

close enough to the surface or long enough that

planting or harvesting operations or crop growth

is markedly restricted under natural conditions.

Somewhat poorly drained soils commonly have a

layer with low hydraulic conductivity, a wet layer

high in the profile, additions of water through

seepage, or a combination of these.

Poorly drained.—These soils commonly are so

wet at or near the surface during a considerable

part of the year that field crops cannot be grown

under natural conditions. Poor drainage is caused

by a saturated zone, a layer with low hydraulic

conductivity, seepage, or a combination of these.

Very poorly drained.—These soils are wet to the

surface most of the time. The wetness prevents

the growth of important crops (except for rice)

under natural conditions.

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound,

or ridge of compact glacial till. The longer axis is

parallel to the path of the glacier and commonly

has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from

which the ice approached.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface

to underlying pure humus.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost

material through eluviation are eluvial; those that

have received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation.

It receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above

the water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of

human or animal activities or of a catastrophe in

nature, such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. The term is more often applied

to cliffs resulting from differential erosion.

Esker. A narrow, winding ridge of stratified gravelly

and sandy drift deposited by a stream flowing in

a tunnel beneath a glacier.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Excess lime (in tables). Excess carbonates in the

soil that restrict the growth of some plants.

Excess salts (in tables). Excess water-soluble salts

in the soil that restrict the growth of most plants.

Excess sodium (in tables). Excess exchangeable

sodium in the soil. The resulting poor physical

properties restrict the growth of plants.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to

provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and

in proper balance, for the growth of specified

plants when light, moisture, temperature, tilth,

and other growth factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 135

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. An area cleared of flammable material to

stop or help control creeping or running fires. It

also serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that is, by volume, 15

to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15

to 38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders

a stream and is subject to inundation under floodstage conditions unless protected artificially. It is

generally a constructional landform consisting of

sediment deposited during overflow and lateral

migration of the stream.

Footslope. The geomorphic component that forms

the inner, gently inclined surface at the base of a

hillslope. The surface is dominantly concave. In

terms of gradational processes, a footslope is a

transition zone between an upslope site of

erosion (backslope) and a downslope site of

deposition (toeslope).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be

differentiated from other stands.

Fragile (in tables). A soil that is easily damaged by

use or disturbance.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a

higher bulk density than the horizon or horizons

above. When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly

under pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming

factors responsible for the formation of the solum,

or true soil, from the unconsolidated parent

material.

Geomorphology. The science that treats the general

configuration of the earth’s surface; specifically

the study of the classification, description,

nature, origin, and development of landforms and

their relationships to underlying structures, and

the history of geologic changes as recorded by

these surface features. The term is especially

applied to the genetic interpretation of landforms.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The

deposits are stratified and occur as kames,

eskers, deltas, and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from

fine clay to sand derived from glaciers and

deposited in glacial lakes mainly by glacial

meltwater. Many deposits are interbedded or

laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

grade toward a protected waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to 50

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores

of underlying material below the water table.
136 Soil Survey of

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 3 or

more. Typical color in areas of iron

concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 6 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel

to the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. The major

horizons of mineral soil are as follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which

was originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the

main feature is loss of silicate clay, iron,

aluminum, or some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying

C horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon,

but it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff-producing

characteristics. The chief consideration is the

inherent capacity of soil bare of vegetation to

permit infiltration. The slope and the kind of plant

cover are not considered but are separate factors

in predicting runoff. Soils are assigned to four

groups. In group A are soils having a high

infiltration rate when thoroughly wet and having a

low runoff potential. They are mainly deep, well

drained, and sandy or gravelly. In group D, at the

other extreme, are soils having a very slow

infiltration rate and thus a high runoff potential.

They have a claypan or clay layer at or near the

surface, have a permanent high water table, or

are shallow over nearly impervious bedrock or

other material. A soil is assigned to two

hydrologic groups if part of the acreage is

artificially drained and part is undrained.

Ice-walled lake plain. A relict surface marking the

floor of an extinct lake basin that was formed on

solid ground and surrounded by stagnant ice in a

stable or unstable superglacial environment on

stagnation moraines. As the ice melted, the lake

plain became perched above the adjacent

landscape. The lake plain is well sorted,

generally fine textured, stratified deposits.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 137

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the

time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement

of water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant,

usually expressed in inches per hour. The rate

can be limited by the infiltration capacity of the

soil or the rate at which water is applied at the

surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not

a constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ................................................ very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ..........................................moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ..................................................moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ....................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 ........................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................... very high

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or

other surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron concentrations. High-chroma zones having a

high content of iron and manganese oxide

because of chemical oxidation and accumulation,

but having a clay content similar to that of the

adjacent matrix. A type of redoximorphic

concentration.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a

clay content similar to that of the adjacent matrix.

A type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is

controlled by small earth ridges called border

dikes, or borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in

only one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil

surface through pipes or nozzles from a pressure

system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches

or tile lines until the water table is raised enough

to wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above

adjacent landforms.

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Lake bed. The bottom of a lake; a lake basin.

Lake plain. A nearly level surface marking the floor

of an extinct lake filled by well-sorted, generally

fine-textured, stratified deposits, commonly

containing varves.

Lakeshore. A narrow strip of land in contact with or

bordering a lake; especially the beach of a lake.

Lake terrace. A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly

built, produced along a lake shore in front of a

scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when

the water level falls.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass

of soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches
138 Soil Survey of

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil

or other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 2 or

less. Typical color in areas of iron depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return little organic matter to the

soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined

boundary with the surrounding soil material and

cannot be removed as a discrete unit. Common

compounds making up masses are calcium

carbonate, gypsum or other soluble salts, iron

oxide, and manganese oxide. Masses consisting

of iron oxide or manganese oxide generally are

considered a type of redoximorphic

concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical

equipment for seeding, brush management, and

other management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical

composition, or structure by heat, pressure, and

movement. Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy

clay loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base

saturation and pedogenic soil structure. It may

include the upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of glacial drift in a

topographic landform resulting chiefly from the

direct action of glacial ice. Some types are

lateral, recessional, and terminal.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are

as follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to

15 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and

coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6

inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a

color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of

4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value between 6.6

and 7.3. (See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the

air and water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 139

in various stages of decomposition. The content

of organic matter in the surface layer is described

as follows:

Very low .................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low ............................... 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ........................................ 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high .................................. more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. An extensive area of glaciofluvial

material that was deposited by meltwater

streams.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely

undecomposed organic matter, that has

accumulated under excess moisture. (See Fibric

soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that

mantles an erosion surface and has been

transported to its present position from higher

lying areas of the erosion surface.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a

soil.” A pedon is three dimensional and large

enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area

ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet (1

square meter to 10 square meters), depending on

the variability of the soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of

water through the soil adversely affects the

specified use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables

water to move downward through the profile.

Permeability is measured as the number of

inches per hour that water moves downward

through the saturated soil. Terms describing

permeability are:

Extremely slow ............................ less than 0.01 inch

Very slow ......................................... 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow ................................................... 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................... 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate .................................. 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid .............................. 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ................................................ 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................... more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management,

such as slope, stoniness, and thickness.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the

soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plateau. An extensive upland mass with relatively flat

summit area that is considerably elevated (more

than 100 meters) above adjacent lowlands and

separated from them on one or more sides by

escarpments.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference

in size of the particles, density can be increased

only slightly by compaction.

Poor outlets (in tables). Refers to areas where

surface or subsurface drainage outlets are

difficult or expensive to install.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the

content of moisture in the soil were adequate.

The soil has no properties restricting the

penetration of roots to this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to

pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in
140 Soil Survey of

reaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline.

The degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as

pH values, are:

Extremely acid ....................................... less than 4.5

Very strongly acid ....................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid ............................................... 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline ........................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline ..................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ......................................... 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline........................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron

or manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a

combination of iron and manganese oxide and

clay has been removed. These zones are

indications of the chemical reduction of iron

resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions,

reduced matrices, a positive reaction to

alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, and other features

indicating the chemical reduction and oxidation of

iron and manganese compounds resulting from

saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma

in situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land

surface, considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from

accelerated erosion. A rill is generally a few

inches deep and not wide enough to be an

obstacle to farm machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly

on the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having

a diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The

soil is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts

roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be

penetrated by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off

the surface of the land without sinking into the

soil is called surface runoff. Water that enters the

soil before reaching surface streams is called

ground-water runoff or seepage flow from ground

water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline

soil does not contain excess exchangeable

sodium.

Salty water (in tables). Water that is too salty for

consumption by livestock.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters

in diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz.

As a soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent

or more sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck

has the least amount of plant fiber, the highest

bulk density, and the lowest water content at

saturation of all organic soil material.

Saprolite. Unconsolidated residual material

underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock

below.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or

positive pressure of the soil water. Under

conditions of saturation, the water will flow from

the soil matrix into an unlined auger hole.

Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching,

loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to

increase water absorption or to provide a more

tillable soil.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from

sand; shale, formed from clay; and limestone,
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 141

formed from soft masses of calcium carbonate.

There are many intermediate types. Some winddeposited sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See

Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that

are almost alike, except for differences in texture

of the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition,

thickness, and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of

a clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer

of soil material from the land surface by the

action of rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The hillslope position that forms the

uppermost inclined surface near the top of a

hillslope. It comprises the transition zone from

backslope to summit. The surface is dominantly

convex in profile and erosional in origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class,

soil that is 80 percent or more silt and less than

12 percent clay.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land

uses in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest

site based on the height of the dominant stand at

an arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the

average height attained by dominant and

codominant trees in a fully stocked stand at the

age of 50 years is 75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of

blocks, prisms, and columns; and in swelling

clayey soils, where there is marked change in

moisture content.

Slippage (in tables). Soil mass susceptible to

movement downslope when loaded, excavated,

or wet.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit

by glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water

into the soil.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small

stones adversely affect the specified use of the

soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers,

and other equipment commonly used in

construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and

has properties resulting from the integrated effect

of climate and living matter acting on earthy

parent material, as conditioned by relief over

periods of time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ........................................ 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ............................................ 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ................................................ 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ......................................... 0.10 to 0.05

Silt .........................................................0.05 to 0.002

Clay ................................................... less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of
142 Soil Survey of

the substratum. The living roots and plant and

animal activities are largely confined to the

solum.

Stone line. A concentration of rock fragments in a

soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain

by recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are: platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of

aggregates longer than horizontal), columnar

(prisms with rounded tops), blocky (angular or

subangular), and granular. Structureless soils are

either single grain (each grain by itself, as in

dune sand) or massive (the particles adhering

without any regular cleavage, as in many

hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part

of the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter or loosen a layer that

restricts roots.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E,

AB, or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope profile and exhibiting a nearly level

surface. A general term for the top, or highest

level of a landform, such as a hill, mountain, or

tableland. It usually refers to a high interfluve

area of gentler slope that is flanked by steeper

hillslopes, for example, mountain fronts or

tableland escarpments.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in

depth from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all

subdivisions of these horizons.

Swale. A slight depression in the midst of generally

level land. A shallow depression in an undulating

ground moraine due to uneven glacial deposition.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small

to be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field is generally built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the

sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil

material too thin for the specified use.

Till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift consisting of

clay, silt, sand, and boulders transported and

deposited by glacial ice.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating or gently sloping soils that are

underlain by till or consist of till. Slopes are 0 to 6

percent.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as

related to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The outermost inclined surface at the base

of a hill. Toeslopes are commonly gentle and

linear in profile.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part I 143

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Toxicity (in tables). Excessive amount of toxic

substances, such as salts, that severely hinder

establishment of vegetation or severely restrict

plant growth.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in

soils in extremely small amounts. They are

essential to plant growth.

Unstable fill (in tables). Risk of caving or sloughing

on banks of fill material.

Upland (geology). Land at a higher elevation, in

general, than the alluvial plain or stream terrace;

land above the lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence

of laminae deposited in a body of still water

within a year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can

easily be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees

by the wind.

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

In cooperation with the

Minnesota Agricultural

Experiment Station Soil Survey of

Marshall County,

Minnesota

Part II

147

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and

parks and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife

habitat. It can be used to identify the potentials and

limitations of each soil for specific land uses and to

help prevent construction failures caused by

unfavorable soil properties.

Interpretive ratings help engineers, planners, and

others understand how soil properties influence

important nonagricultural uses, such as building site

development and construction materials. The ratings

indicate the most restrictive soil features affecting the

suitability of the soils for these uses.

Soils are rated in their natural state. No unusual

modification of the soil site or material is made other

than that which is considered normal practice for the

rated use. Even though soils may have limitations, it

is important to remember that engineers and others

can modify soil features or can design or adjust the

plans for a structure to compensate for most of the

limitations. Most of these practices, however, are

costly. The final decision in selecting a site for a

particular use generally involves weighing the costs

of site preparation and maintenance.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of

the survey area. The survey can help planners to

maintain or create a land use pattern in harmony with

the natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very

firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

The classification and extent of the soils in this

survey area are shown in the tables “Classification of

the Soils” and “Acreage and Proportionate Extent of

the Soils,” which are at the end of this section.

Soil Survey of

Marshall County, Minnesota
148 Soil Survey of

Classification of the Soils

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

 Augsburg-----------------|Typic Calciaquolls, coarse-silty over clayey, mixed, smectitic, superactive, frigid

 Bearden------------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Berner-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Boash--------------------|Vertic Epiaquolls, clayey over loamy, smectitic, mixed, superactive, calcareous,

 | frigid

 Borup--------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Cathro-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Clearriver---------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Clearwater---------------|Typic Epiaquerts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Colvin-------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Corliss------------------|Typic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Cormant------------------|Mollic Psammaquents, mixed, frigid

 Deerwood-----------------|Histic Humaquepts, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Dora---------------------|Terric Borosaprists, clayey, smectitic, euic

 Eaglepoint---------------|Aeric Calciaquerts, very fine, smectitic, frigid

 Eckvoll------------------|Aquic Arenic Eutroboralfs, loamy, mixed, superactive

 Enstrom------------------|Aquic Udorthents, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid

 Espelie------------------|Typic Epiaquolls, sandy over clayey, mixed, smectitic, frigid

 Fargo--------------------|Typic Epiaquerts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Flaming------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy, mixed

 Fluvaquents--------------|Fluvaquents, loamy

 Foldahl------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive

 Foxhome------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive

 Garnes-------------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Glyndon------------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Grimstad-----------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Grygla-------------------|Mollic Endoaquents, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid

 Hamar--------------------|Typic Endoaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Hamerly------------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Hamre--------------------|Histic Humaquepts, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid

 Hangaard-----------------|Typic Endoaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Haploborolls-------------|Haploborolls, loamy

 Haug---------------------|Histic Humaquepts, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid

 Hegne--------------------|Typic Calciaquerts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Hilaire------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy over clayey, mixed, smectitic

 Huot---------------------|Aquic Calciborolls, sandy over clayey, mixed, smectitic

 Karlstad-----------------|Aquic Eutroboralfs, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Kittson------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Kratka-------------------|Typic Epiaquolls, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Lamoure------------------|Cumulic Endoaquolls, fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid

 Linveldt-----------------|Aquic Argiborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Lupton-------------------|Typic Borosaprists, euic

 Markey-------------------|Terric Borosaprists, sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, euic

 Marquette----------------|Ochreptic Eutroboralfs, loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive

 Mavie--------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Nereson------------------|Aquic Argiborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Newfolden----------------|Abruptic Udic Argiborolls, clayey over loamy, smectitic, mixed, superactive

 Northcote----------------|Typic Epiaquerts, very fine, smectitic, frigid

 Northwood----------------|Histic Humaquepts, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid

 Pelan--------------------|Aquic Argiborolls, loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive

 Percy--------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Poppleton----------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Radium-------------------|Aquic Haploborolls, sandy, mixed

 Redby--------------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Reiner-------------------|Abruptic Udic Argiborolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Reis---------------------|Typic Calciaquerts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Rifle--------------------|Typic Borohemists, euic

 Roliss-------------------|Typic Endoaquolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid

 Rosewood-----------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Rushlake-----------------|Aquic Udipsamments, mixed, frigid

 Sahkahtay----------------|Mollic Endoaqualfs, fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,

 | frigid

 Sandberg-----------------|Udorthentic Haploborolls, sandy, mixed

 Seelyeville--------------|Typic Borosaprists, euic

 |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 149

 Classification of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

 Skagen-------------------|Aquic Calciborolls, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive

 Smiley-------------------|Typic Argiaquolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Strandquist--------------|Typic Endoquolls, sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid

 Strathcona---------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Syrene-------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Tacoosh------------------|Terric Borohemists, loamy, mixed, euic

 Thiefriver---------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy over clayey, mixed, smectitic, frigid

 Udipsamments-------------|Udipsamments

 Ulen---------------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, sandy, mixed, frigid

 Vallers------------------|Typic Calciaquolls, fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid

 Wahpeton-----------------|Typic Hapluderts, fine, smectitic, frigid

 Wheatville---------------|Aeric Calciaquolls, coarse-silty over clayey, mixed, smectitic, superactive, frigid

 Wildwood-----------------|Histic Humaquepts, very fine, smectitic, nonacid, frigid

 Wyandotte----------------|Typic Calciaquolls, sandy-skeletal over clayey, smectitic, frigid

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
150 Soil Survey of

Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

47 |Colvin silty clay loam---------------------------------------------------------------| 14,951 | 1.3

57A |Fargo silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------------------| 70,440 | 6.1

58 |Kittson loam-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 5,576 | 0.5

59 |Grimstad fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 46,086 | 4.0

65 |Foxhome sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,380 | 0.5

66 |Flaming loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 20,883 | 1.8

67A |Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------------| 5,355 | 0.5

67B |Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------------| 2,201 | 0.2

77 |Garnes fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------------------| 1,342 | 0.1

93A |Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 1,609 | 0.1

111 |Hangaard sandy loam------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,423 | 0.1

116 |Redby loamy fine sand----------------------------------------------------------------| 4,196 | 0.4

117 |Cormant loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 1,472 | 0.1

145 |Enstrom loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 2,331 | 0.2

148 |Poppleton fine sand------------------------------------------------------------------| 7,168 | 0.6

157A |Wahpeton silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded---------------------| 10,307 | 0.9

157B |Wahpeton silty clay, 2 to 6 percent slopes, occasionally flooded---------------------| 925 | *

184A |Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes--------------------------------------------------| 2,281 | 0.2

187 |Haug muck----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,665 | 0.6

205 |Karlstad loamy sand------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,969 | 0.6

236 |Vallers loam-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 28,436 | 2.4

242B |Marquette loamy sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 2,331 | 0.2

258B |Sandberg loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 10,589 | 0.9

280 |Pelan sandy loam---------------------------------------------------------------------| 9,452 | 0.8

372 |Hamar loamy fine sand----------------------------------------------------------------| 540 | *

379 |Percy loam, very cobbly--------------------------------------------------------------| 1,164 | 0.1

383 |Percy loam---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 11,958 | 1.0

384 |Percy mucky loam, depressional-------------------------------------------------------| 785 | *

387 |Roliss loam, depressional------------------------------------------------------------| 2,504 | 0.2

412 |Mavie fine sandy loam----------------------------------------------------------------| 31,967 | 2.8

418 |Lamoure silty clay loam, occasionally flooded----------------------------------------| 1,749 | 0.2

426 |Foldahl loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 13,202 | 1.1

429A |Northcote clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------------------| 23,470 | 2.0

432 |Strandquist loam---------------------------------------------------------------------| 10,236 | 0.9

435 |Syrene sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------------------| 9,572 | 0.8

439 |Strathcona fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------| 45,792 | 3.9

481 |Kratka fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------------------| 37,461 | 3.2

482 |Grygla loamy fine sand---------------------------------------------------------------| 2,652 | 0.2

514 |Tacoosh muck-------------------------------------------------------------------------| 2,410 | 0.2

540 |Seelyeville muck---------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,331 | 0.5

541 |Rifle mucky peat---------------------------------------------------------------------| 7,818 | 0.7

543 |Markey muck--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 10,118 | 0.9

544 |Cathro muck--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 11,884 | 1.0

546 |Lupton muck--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 2,503 | 0.2

547 |Deerwood muck------------------------------------------------------------------------| 7,387 | 0.6

550 |Dora muck----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 10,543 | 0.9

563 |Northwood muck-----------------------------------------------------------------------| 28,967 | 2.5

565 |Eckvoll loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 9,208 | 0.8

582 |Roliss loam--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 28,970 | 2.5

583 |Nereson fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 2,626 | 0.2

630 |Wildwood muck------------------------------------------------------------------------| 4,800 | 0.4

641 |Clearwater clay----------------------------------------------------------------------| 8,726 | 0.8

642 |Clearwater loam----------------------------------------------------------------------| 20,639 | 1.8

643 |Huot fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------------| 10,479 | 0.9

644 |Boash clay loam----------------------------------------------------------------------| 3,583 | 0.3

645 |Espelie fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------------| 4,653 | 0.4

647 |Hilaire loamy fine sand--------------------------------------------------------------| 3,311 | 0.3

648 |Newfolden loam-----------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,161 | 0.1

649 |Reiner loamy fine sand---------------------------------------------------------------| 3,133 | 0.3

650 |Reiner fine sandy loam---------------------------------------------------------------| 16,916 | 1.4

651 |Thiefriver fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------| 3,271 | 0.3

652 |Wyandotte clay loam------------------------------------------------------------------| 5,651 | 0.5

 | | |

See footnote at end of table.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 151

 Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

653 |Smiley mucky loam, depressional------------------------------------------------------| 4,023 | 0.3

708 |Rushlake loamy sand------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,929 | 0.2

712 |Rosewood fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 16,264 | 1.4

713 |Linveldt fine sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------| 2,528 | 0.2

721B |Corliss loamy sand, 1 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 2,188 | 0.2

765 |Smiley loam--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 68,137 | 5.9

794 |Clearriver loamy fine sand-----------------------------------------------------------| 4,076 | 0.4

935 |Hegne-Fargo complex------------------------------------------------------------------| 51,548 | 4.4

936 |Clearwater-Reis complex--------------------------------------------------------------| 2,646 | 0.2

937 |Eaglepoint-Northcote complex---------------------------------------------------------| 15,927 | 1.4

972 |Roliss-Vallers complex---------------------------------------------------------------| 33,450 | 2.9

1006 |Fluvaquents-Haploborolls complex, 0 to 30 percent slopes, flooded--------------------| 10,864 | 0.9

1030 |Pits, gravel-Udipsamments complex----------------------------------------------------| 2,996 | 0.2

1031 |Seelyeville muck, ponded-------------------------------------------------------------| 1,071 | *

1143 |Berner-Markey complex----------------------------------------------------------------| 1,525 | 0.1

1144 |Strathcona and Kratka soils, depressional--------------------------------------------| 4,595 | 0.4

1146 |Northwood muck, ponded---------------------------------------------------------------| 785 | *

1158 |Skagen loam--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 711 | *

1170 |Skagen loam, very cobbly-------------------------------------------------------------| 797 | *

1187 |Dora muck, ponded--------------------------------------------------------------------| 8,685 | 0.7

1188 |Wildwood muck, ponded----------------------------------------------------------------| 7,271 | 0.6

1189 |Clearwater mucky loam, depressional--------------------------------------------------| 2,664 | 0.2

1191 |Sahkahtay sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------------| 897 | *

1264 |Ulen loamy fine sand-----------------------------------------------------------------| 44,686 | 3.8

1297 |Augsburg very fine sandy loam--------------------------------------------------------| 1,784 | 0.2

1299 |Borup very fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------| 3,418 | 0.3

1304A |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 15,828 | 1.4

1304B |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------------| 559 | *

1315A |Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 23,707 | 2.0

1804 |Hamre muck, ponded-------------------------------------------------------------------| 8,950 | 0.8

1807 |Cathro muck, ponded------------------------------------------------------------------| 7,985 | 0.7

1808 |Markey muck, ponded------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,140 | *

1871 |Fargo silty clay, swales-------------------------------------------------------------| 635 | *

1874 |Radium loamy sand--------------------------------------------------------------------| 4,904 | 0.4

1878 |Hamre muck---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 13,776 | 1.2

1882 |Rosewood, Strathcona, and Berner soils, seepy----------------------------------------| 476 | *

1963 |Bearden-Colvin complex---------------------------------------------------------------| 24,486 | 2.1

1964 |Colvin-Fargo complex-----------------------------------------------------------------| 50,560 | 4.4

1966 |Rosewood-Hamar complex---------------------------------------------------------------| 321 | *

 | Water---------------------------------------------------------------------------| 33,800 | 2.9

 | |___________|_______

 | Total----------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,160,100 | 100.0

 | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.

153

General management needed for crops and for hay

and pasture is suggested in this section. The system

of land capability classification used by the Natural

Resources Conservation Service is explained, and the

estimated yields of the main crops and hay and

pasture plants are listed for each soil.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider obtaining specific

information from the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative

Extension Service.

More than 940,000 acres in Marshall County is used

for crops and pasture. In 1990, about 495,000 acres

was used for small grain crops, mainly wheat, barley,

and oats. Row crops, including sunflowers, corn, and

soybeans, were grown on about 23,000 acres. Other

important crops include sugar beets, which were grown

on 25,000 acres; potatoes, on 11,000 acres; and dry

edible beans, on 11,000 acres. The remaining acreage

was used for minor crops or for hay and pasture or was

summer-fallowed or idle cropland (Minnesota

Agricultural Statistics Service, 1991).

The soils in Marshall County are generally well

suited to crop production. Productivity could be

increased by extending the latest crop production

technology to all of the cropland in the county. This soil

survey can greatly facilitate the application of such

technology.

Measures that control erosion, remove excess

surface water, conserve moisture, and improve fertility

and tilth are the main management needs in cultivated

areas of Marshall County.

Loss of the surface layer through erosion is

damaging for two reasons. First, productivity is

reduced as the surface layer is lost and part of the

subsoil or underlying material is incorporated into the

plow layer. Erosion by wind is a hazard on nearly all of

the soils in the county. It is especially damaging in

areas of soils that have a sandy surface layer and a

low or moderate available water capacity. Some of the

soils most susceptible to erosion by wind are

Sandberg, Ulen, Flaming, Foldahl, and Eckvoll soils.

Second, soil movement by wind or water action may

result in the sedimentation of streams and drainage

ditches. Erosion-control measures improve the quality

of water. They are also important for the proper

management of water resources because they

minimize the damage caused by temporary flooding.

Practices that control erosion may also increase the

supply of available moisture during the growing season

by reducing the runoff rate, holding snow cover, and

increasing the rate of water infiltration.

A cropping system that maintains a cover of

vegetation or surface mulch or a tillage system that

keeps the surface rough helps to hold soil loss to a

rate that does not reduce the productive capacity of

the soils. Windbreaks of adapted trees or shrubs, such

as green ash, eastern cottonwood, or Siberian

peashrub, are effective in reducing the hazard of wind

erosion on many of the soils used as cropland. On

farms that produce livestock, including legumes and

grasses in the cropping system improves fertility and

soil tilth and reduces the hazard of erosion, especially

in areas of sloping and sandy soils.

Water erosion is a hazard mainly where overland

water flow becomes concentrated. It can occur on any

of the soils where cover is inadequate.

Information regarding the design of erosion-control

practices for each kind of soil is provided in the

Technical Guide, which is available in local offices of

the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the

Soil and Water Conservation District.

Excess surface water is the major limitation on

about 40 percent of the acreage used for crops in the

county. Some soils are naturally so wet that the

production of the common crops is not possible unless

artificial drainage is provided. Draining many of the

areas of organic soils is generally not economically

feasible.

Open field ditches are commonly used to reduce

wetness. Many miles of drainage ditches have been

installed in Marshall County. Approximately 75 percent

of the wet soils have been drained.

The land has been leveled in many areas of Colvin,

Bearden, Hegne, Fargo, and Northcote soils on the

valley floor in western Marshall County. Maintenance of

Agronomy
154 Soil Survey of

the fields by annual grading and cleaning of ditches is

a common management practice on these nearly level

soils.

Information concerning the design of drainage

systems for each kind of soil is provided in the

Technical Guide, which is available at the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the

Soil and Water Conservation District.

Natural soil fertility is medium or high in most of the

soils in the county. It is low, however, in Karlstad,

Marquette, Pelan, Poppleton, Redby, Sandberg,

Deerwood, Markey, and Ulen soils. Many of the soils

are slightly or moderately alkaline. Other soils, such as

Foxhome, Kittson, Reiner, and Smiley soils, typically

have a neutral surface layer. A few soils, including

Clearwater and Poppleton soils, have a slightly acid

surface layer.

Crops on most of the soils in the county respond

well to fertilizer. The kinds and amounts of fertilizer

needed depend on the kind of soil, on past and present

management, and on the crops selected. This soil

survey provides detailed information on soil types.

Different soils may have the same or similar physical

properties, but management techniques can alter the

natural fertility of the soils in various ways. Soil tests

are needed to provide indications of soil reaction (pH)

and soil fertility. Soil pH has an effect on a plant’s

ability to utilize various nutrients. Proper interpretations

of soil test results by the county extension agent or

other qualified persons are necessary so that the

proper composition and application rates for fertilizer

can be chosen.

Maintaining good soil structure and tilth is important

in preparing a desirable seedbed. Soils that have good

structure or tilth are granular and porous. Regular

applications of crop residue, manure, and other organic

material can improve soil structure. Cultivating

moderately fine and fine textured soils when they are

wet damages soil structure and makes seedbed

preparation difficult.

Some soils used for crops in the survey area have

weak structure. These soils, such as those of the

Garnes series, have a surface layer of fine sandy loam

that is moderately low in organic matter content.

Intense rainfall causes the formation of a crust on the

surface. As the soil dries, the crust becomes hard. The

formation of a crust reduces the infiltration rate and

increases the runoff rate. Minimum tillage and regular

additions of crop residue, manure, and other organic

material improve structure and help to prevent crusting.

Including grasses and legumes in the cropping

sequence and growing green manure crops help to

keep the soil in good tilth. These practices are common

in the county. Plowing in the fall when the soils are at

the proper moisture content helps to maintain good tilth

in areas of clayey soils, such as Clearwater, Fargo,

Hegne, and Wahpeton soils, and facilitates the

preparation of a good seedbed.

Stone removal is generally needed on soils that

formed in till. Reiner, Hamerly, and Smiley soils are

examples.

Further information about crops and management

practices is available from local offices of the

Cooperative Extension Service and the Natural

Resources Conservation Service and from the Marshall

County Soil and Water Conservation District.

Soil Salinity

D.D. Patterson, soils department, North Dakota State

University, helped prepare this section.

Scattered saline areas occur in the western part of

the county in the Red River Valley. They are in areas of

the Colvin-Bearden, Fargo-Colvin-Hegne, and

Northcote-Eaglepoint associations, which are

described under the heading “General Soil Map Units”

in Part I of this survey.

Most of the saline areas are small and could not be

mapped separately. Using infrared photography during

a time of crop stress can enable the delineation of

saline areas, but this technique was not possible

during the time the survey was made.

Plants growing on saline soils absorb salts from soil

solution. Excess amounts of certain salts may

interfere with plant metabolism or vital growth

processes. High concentrations of some salts are toxic

to certain plants. Other salts may cause nutritional

imbalances or deficiencies by restricting the uptake or

availability of essential plant nutrients.

Detecting salinity by visual observation in the field

is difficult. The salts are not visible during much of the

growing season because of moisture in the soil. The

flecks, threads, or masses of soluble salts are visible

only when the soil is dry.

Saline soils have a layer of accumulated lime within

16 inches of the surface. If the soils have been plowed,

part of the lime zone has been mixed with the black

surface soil. The soils are grayer when dry. The color of

the surface layer, however, does not necessarily

indicate a high concentration of salts. Laboratory

analysis is needed to determine the actual salinity of

areas within the same field that are similar in surface

color.

Crop response, particularly during periods of soil

moisture stress, is a useful indicator of the degree of

salinity. For instance, small grain on saline soils tends

to be stunted and to have shorter stems, smaller
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 155

leaves, fewer tillers, and shorter seed heads than

small grain on nonsaline soils. If crops are grown in

fields where the degree of salinity varies, the plants

vary in height. In some areas severe salinity prevents

crop growth.

A measure of the effect of soil salinity on vegetative

growth is not necessarily a reliable measure of crop

yields. Yields of barley and wheat seeds, for example,

generally are reduced to a lesser extent than the

vegetative growth. Yields of storage roots in sugar

beets and potatoes commonly are reduced more than

the vegetative growth of fibrous roots or tops.

The field crops and forage plants commonly grown

in the county are grouped according to relative salt

tolerance. The degree of tolerance declines from the

first to the last crop in each group, but a difference in

ranking of two or three places probably is not

significant. Of the field crops, none exhibit high

tolerance; sugar beets (after emergence), barley,

safflower, rape, rye, oats, and wheat exhibit moderate

tolerance; and soybeans, corn, sunflowers, flax,

potatoes, field peas, and field beans exhibit low

tolerance. Of the forage crops, tall wheatgrass, tall

fescue, slender wheatgrass, Russian wildrye, and

western wheatgrass exhibit high tolerance;

sweetclover, sudangrass, millet, alfalfa (once

established), crested wheatgrass, smooth bromegrass,

intermediate wheatgrass, Canada wildrye, and reed

canarygrass exhibit moderate tolerance; and alfalfa

seedlings exhibit low tolerance.

Trees and shrubs also exhibit varying degrees of

tolerance to soil salinity. The growth and survival of

seedlings and transplants of evergreen and deciduous

trees are restricted in areas of slightly saline soils.

Cropland Management

Considerations

The management concerns affecting the use of the

detailed soil map units in the survey area for crops are

shown in the table “Cropland Management

Considerations.” The main concerns in managing

nonirrigated cropland are conserving moisture,

controlling wind erosion and water erosion, and

maintaining soil fertility.

Conserving moisture consists primarily of reducing

the evaporation and runoff rates and increasing the

water infiltration rate. Applying conservation tillage and

conservation cropping systems, farming on the

contour, stripcropping, establishing field windbreaks,

and leaving crop residue on the surface conserve

moisture.

Generally, a combination of several practices is

needed to control wind erosion and water erosion.

Conservation tillage, stripcropping, field windbreaks,

contour farming, conservation cropping systems, crop

residue management, terraces, diversions, and

grassed waterways help to prevent excessive soil loss.

Measures that are effective in maintaining soil

fertility include applying fertilizer, both organic and

inorganic, including manure; incorporating crop residue

or green manure crops into the soil; and using proper

crop rotations. Controlling erosion helps to prevent the

loss of organic matter and plant nutrients and thus

helps to maintain productivity, although the level of

fertility can be reduced even in areas where erosion is

controlled. All soils used for nonirrigated crops respond

well to applications of fertilizer.

Some of the considerations shown in the table

cannot be easily overcome. These are channels,

flooding, gullies, and ponding.

Additional considerations are as follows:

Lime content, limited available water capacity,

potential poor tilth and compaction, and restricted

permeability.—These limitations can be minimized by

incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil; applying a system of conservation

tillage; and using conservation cropping systems. Also,

crops may respond well to additions of phosphate

fertilizer to soils that have a high content of lime.

Potential for ground-water contamination.—The

proper use of nutrients and pesticides can reduce the

risk of ground-water contamination.

Potential for surface-water contamination.—The risk

of surface-water contamination can be reduced by the

proper use of nutrients and pesticides and by

conservation farming practices that reduce the runoff

rate.

Surface rock fragments.—This limitation causes

rapid wear of tillage equipment. It cannot be easily

overcome.

Surface stones.—Stones or boulders on or near the

surface can hinder normal tillage unless they are

removed.

Salt content.—In areas where this is a limitation,

only salt-tolerant crops should be grown.

On irrigated soils the main management concerns

are efficient water use, nutrient management, control of

erosion, pest and weed control, and timely planting and

harvesting for a successful crop. An irrigation system

that provides optimum control and distribution of water

at minimum cost is needed. Overirrigation wastes

water, leaches plant nutrients, and causes erosion.

Also, it can create drainage problems, raise the water

table, and increase soil salinity.
156 Soil Survey of

Explanation of Criteria

Acid soil.—The pH is less than 6.1.

Channeled.—The word “channeled” is included in the

map unit name.

Dense layer.—The bulk density is 1.80 g/cc or

greater within the soil profile.

Depth to rock.—The depth to bedrock is less than

40 inches.

Excessive permeability.—Permeability is 6 inches

per hour or more within the soil profile.

Flooding.—Flooding is occasional or frequent.

Gullied.—The word “gullied” is included in the map

unit name.

High organic matter content.—The surface layer has

more than 20 percent organic matter.

Lime content.—The pH is 7.4 or more in the surface

layer, or the wind erodibility group is 4L.

Limited available water capacity.—The available

water capacity calculated to a depth of 60 inches or to

a root-limiting layer is 6 inches or less.

Limited organic matter content.—The content of

organic matter is 2 percent or less in the surface layer.

Ponding.—Ponding duration is assigned to the

map unit component. The water table is above the

surface.

Potential poor tilth and compaction.—The content of

clay is 27 percent or more in the surface layer.

Potential for ground-water contamination (by

nutrients or pesticides).—Depth to the water table is 4

feet or less, the permeability of any layer is more than

6.0 inches per hour, or the depth to bedrock is less

than 60 inches.

Potential for surface-water contamination (by

nutrients or pesticides).—The map unit component is

occasionally flooded or frequently flooded, is subject to

ponding, is assigned to hydrologic group C or D and

has a slope of more than 2 percent, is assigned to

hydrologic group A and has a slope of more than 6

percent, or is assigned to hydrologic group B, has a

slope of 3 percent or more, and has a K factor of more

than 0.17.

Previously eroded.—The word “eroded” is included in

the map unit name.

Restricted permeability.—Permeability is less than

0.06 inch per hour within the soil profile.

Salt content.—The electrical conductivity is 4 or

more in the surface layer or 8 or more within a depth of

30 inches.

Slope (equipment limitation).—The slope is more

than 15 percent.

Surface rock fragments (equipment limitation).—The

terms describing the texture of the surface layer

include any rock fragment modifier, except for gravelly,

channery, stony, very stony, extremely stony, bouldery,

very bouldery, and extremely bouldery.

Surface stones (equipment limitation).—The word

“stony” or “bouldery” is included in the map unit name

or in the description of the surface layer.

Water erosion.—Either the slope is 6 percent or

more, or the slope is more than 3 percent and less

than 6 percent and the surface layer is not sandy.

Water table.—A water table is within 2.5 feet of the

surface.

Wind erosion.—The wind erodibility group is 1, 2, 3,

or 4L.

Crop Yield Estimates

The average yields per acre that can be expected of

the principal crops under a high level of management

are shown in the table “Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops and Pasture.” In any given year, yields

may be higher or lower than those indicated in the table

because of variations in rainfall and other climatic

factors. The land capability classification of each map

unit also is shown in the table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations are also

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the proper

planting and seeding rates; suitable high-yielding crop

varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; control of

weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects; favorable

soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

For yields of irrigated crops, it is assumed that the

irrigation system is adapted to the soils and to the

crops grown, that good-quality irrigation water is

uniformly applied as needed, and that tillage is kept to

a minimum.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in the table are grown

in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed

because the acreage of such crops is small. The local
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 157

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide

information about the management and productivity of

the soils for those crops.

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations

Under good management, proper grazing is

essential for the production of high-quality forage,

stand survival, and erosion control. Proper grazing

helps plants to maintain sufficient and generally

vigorous top growth during the growing season. Brush

control is essential in many areas, and weed control

generally is needed. Rotation grazing and renovation

also are important management practices.

Yield estimates are often provided in animal unit

months (AUM), or the amount of forage or feed required

to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one mule,

five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.

The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or of the Cooperative Extension

Service can provide information about forage yields

other than those shown in the table “Land Capability

and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture.”

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field

crops. Crops that require special management are

excluded. The soils are grouped according to their

limitations for field crops, the risk of damage if they are

used for crops, and the way they respond to

management. The criteria used in grouping the soils do

not take into account major and generally expensive

landforming that would change slope, depth, or other

characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.

Capability classification is not a substitute for

interpretations designed to show suitability and

limitations of groups of soils for woodland or for

engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils generally are grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit

(USDA, 1961). These categories indicate the degree

and kinds of limitations affecting mechanized farming

systems that produce the more commonly grown field

crops, such as corn, small grain, cotton, hay, and fieldgrown vegetables. Only class and subclass are used in

this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by numerals 1 through 8. The numerals

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use.

If properly managed, soils in classes 1, 2, 3, and 4

are suitable for the mechanized production of

commonly grown field crops and for pasture and

woodland. The degree of the soil limitations affecting

the production of cultivated crops increases

progressively from class 1 to class 4. The limitations

can affect levels of production and the risk of

permanent soil deterioration caused by erosion and

other factors.

Soils in classes 5, 6, and 7 are generally not suited

to the mechanized production of commonly grown field

crops without special management, but they are

suitable for plants that provide a permanent cover,

such as grasses and trees. The severity of the soil

limitations affecting crops increases progressively from

class 5 to class 7.

Areas in class 8 are generally not suitable for crops,

pasture, or woodland without a level of management

that is impractical. These areas may have potential for

other uses, such as recreational facilities and wildlife

habitat.

Capability subclasses identify the dominant kind of

limitation in the class. They are designated by adding a

small letter, e, w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for

example, 2e. The letter e shows that the main hazard

is the risk of erosion unless a close-growing plant

cover is maintained; w shows that water in or on the

soil interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some

soils the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used in

only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

There are no subclasses in class 1 because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use mainly to pasture, rangeland, woodland, wildlife

habitat, or recreation.

The capability classification of each map unit is

given in the table “Land Capability and Yields per Acre

of Crops and Pasture” at the end of this section.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is of major importance in meeting

the Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. The acreage of high-quality farmland is limited,

and the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes that

government at local, State, and Federal levels, as well

as individuals, must encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland soils, as defined by the U.S.
158 Soil Survey of

Department of Agriculture, are soils that are best

suited to food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops.

Such soils have properties that favor the economic

production of sustained high yields of crops in an

economic manner. The soils need only to be treated

and managed by acceptable farming methods. An

adequate moisture supply and a sufficiently long

growing season are required. Prime farmland soils

produce the highest yields with minimal expenditure of

energy and economic resources, and farming these

soils results in the least damage to the environment.

Prime farmland soils may presently be used as

cropland, pasture, or woodland or for other purposes.

They either are used for food and fiber or are available

for these uses. Urban or built-up land, public land, and

water areas cannot be considered prime farmland.

Urban or built-up land is any contiguous unit of land 10

acres or more in size that is used for such purposes as

housing, industrial, and commercial sites, sites for

institutions or public buildings, small parks, golf

courses, cemeteries, railroad yards, airports, sanitary

landfills, sewage treatment plants, and water-control

structures. Public land is land not available for farming

in National forests, National parks, military

reservations, and State parks.

Prime farmland soils commonly receive an adequate

and dependable supply of moisture from precipitation

or irrigation. The temperature and growing season are

favorable, and the level of acidity or alkalinity and the

content of salts and sodium are acceptable. The soils

have few, if any, rocks and are permeable to water and

air. They are not excessively erodible or saturated with

water for long periods, and they are not frequently

flooded during the growing season or are protected

from flooding. Slopes range mainly from 0 to 6 percent.

Soils that have a high water table or are subject to

flooding may qualify as prime farmland where these

limitations are overcome by drainage measures or

flood control. Onsite evaluation is necessary to

determine the effectiveness of corrective measures.

More information about the criteria for prime farmland

can be obtained at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

A recent trend in land use has been the conversion

of prime farmland to urban and industrial uses. The

loss of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on

lands that are less productive than prime farmland.

About 709,000 acres, or nearly 61 percent of the

survey area, meets the requirements for prime

farmland.

The map units in the survey area that meet the

requirements for prime farmland are listed in the table

“Prime Farmland.” This list does not constitute a

recommendation for a particular land use. On some

soils included in the table, measures that overcome

limitations are needed. The need for these measures

is indicated in parentheses after the map unit name.

The location of each map unit is shown on the

detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use

and management are described in the section “Soil

Series and Detailed Soil Map Units” in Part I of this

survey.

Erosion Factors

Soil erodibility (K) and soil-loss tolerance (T) factors

are used in an equation that predicts the amount of soil

lost through water erosion in areas of cropland. The

procedure for predicting soil loss is useful in guiding

the selection of soil and water conservation practices.

The erosion factors for the soils in the survey area are

listed in the table “Physical Properties of the Soils.”

Soil Erodibility (K) Factor

The soil erodibility (K) factor indicates the

susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by water.

The soil properties that influence erodibility are those

that affect the infiltration rate, the movement of water

through the soil, and the water storage capacity of the

soil and those that allow the soil to resist dispersion,

splashing, abrasion, and the transporting forces of

rainfall and runoff. The most important soil properties

are the content of silt plus very fine sand, the content

of sand coarser than very fine sand, the content of

organic matter, soil structure, and permeability.

Fragment-Free Soil Erodibility (Kf) Factor

This is one of the factors used in the revised

Universal Soil Loss Equation. It shows the erodibility of

the fine-earth fraction, or the material less than 2

millimeters in size.

Soil-Loss Tolerance (T) Factor

The soil-loss tolerance (T) factor is an estimate of

the maximum annual rate of soil erosion that can occur

over a sustained period without affecting crop

productivity. The rate is expressed in tons of soil loss

per acre per year. Ratings of 1 to 5 are used,

depending on soil properties and prior erosion. The

criteria used in assigning a T factor to a soil include

maintenance of an adequate rooting depth for crop
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 159

production, potential reduction of crop yields,

maintenance of water-control structures affected by

sedimentation, prevention of gullying, and the value of

nutrients lost through erosion.

Wind Erodibility Groups

Wind erodibility is directly related to the percentage

of dry, nonerodible surface soil aggregates larger than

0.84 millimeter in diameter. From this percentage, the

wind erodibility index (I) factor is determined. This

factor is an expression of the stability of the soil

aggregates, or the extent to which they are broken

down by tillage and the abrasion caused by windblown

soil particles. Soils are assigned to wind erodibility

groups (WEG)

having similar percentages of dry soil aggregates

larger than 0.84 millimeter. The wind erodibility

groups are listed in the table “Physical Properties of

the Soils.”

Additional information about wind erodibility

groups and K, Kf, T, and I factors can be obtained

from local offices of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension

Service.

Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings

Leonard Zilka and Tim Finseth, Marshall County Soil and Water

Conservation District, helped prepare this section.

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, and yards

from wind and snow. They also protect fruit trees and

gardens, and they furnish habitat for wildlife. Several

rows of low- and high-growing broadleaf and coniferous

trees and shrubs provide the most protection.

Field windbreaks are narrow plantings made at right

angles to the prevailing wind and at specific intervals

across the field. The interval depends on the erodibility

of the soil. Field windbreaks protect cropland and crops

from wind, help to keep snow on the fields, and provide

food and cover for wildlife.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen

houses and other buildings and to abate noise. The

plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely

spaced. To ensure plant survival, a healthy planting

stock of suitable species should be planted properly on

a well prepared site and maintained in good condition.

Windbreaks are often planted on land that did not

originally support trees. Knowledge of how trees

perform on such land can be gained only by observing

and recording the performance of trees that have been

planted and have survived. Many popular windbreak

species are not indigenous to the areas in which they

are planted.

Each tree or shrub species has certain climatic and

physiographic limits. Within these parameters, a tree or

shrub may grow well or grow poorly, depending on the

characteristics of the soil. Each tree or shrub has

definable potential heights in a given physiographic

area and under a given climate. Accurate definitions of

potential heights are necessary when a windbreak is

planned and designed.

The table “Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings”

shows the height that locally grown trees and shrubs

are expected to reach in 20 years on various soils. The

estimates in this table are based on measurements

and observation of established plantings that have

been given adequate care. They can be used as a

guide in planning windbreaks and screens. Additional

information on planning windbreaks and screens and

planting and caring for trees and shrubs can be

obtained from local offices of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension

Service or from a nursery.

Windbreaks are of significant importance in

protecting the soils from erosion in Marshall County.

The primary limitations in establishing windbreaks in

Marshall County are a high pH, a high content of lime,

wetness, droughtiness (on some sandy soils), and

small areas of saline soils. Other important

considerations are weed control and chemical drift from

adjacent fields (Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation

District, 1986).

Soils that have a high pH as a result of carbonates

are common. These soils are in windbreak suitability

groups 1K and 2K, which are described below. Trees

that grow well in these areas are green ash and white

spruce.

Wetness is a problem on the some of the soils in

western Marshall County and on the organic soils in

the eastern part of the county. These soils are in

windbreak suitability groups 2K and 2W.

Droughtiness is a problem on some of the soils in

the central part of the county. These soils are in

windbreak suitability group 7.

On a small number of soils in western Marshall

County, salinity and soluble salts inhibit tree growth.

These soils are in windbreak suitability groups 1K and

2K.
160 Soil Survey of

Windbreak Suitability Groups

Windbreak suitability groups consist of soils in

which the kinds and degrees of the hazards and

limitations that affect the survival and growth of trees

and shrubs in windbreaks are about the same.

Group 1 consists of soils that are somewhat poorly

drained or moderately well drained, are rapidly

permeable to moderately slowly permeable, and do not

have free carbonates in the upper 20 inches.

Group 1K consists of soils that are somewhat poorly

drained or moderately well drained, are rapidly

permeable to moderately slowly permeable, and have

free carbonates within 20 inches of the surface. These

soils may be very slightly saline or slightly saline (the

electrical conductivity is 2 to 8).

Group 2 consists of poorly drained soils that have

been artificially drained and do not have free

carbonates in the upper 20 inches. Permeability varies.

Group 2K consists of poorly drained or very poorly

drained soils that have been artificially drained and

have free carbonates within 20 inches of the surface.

Permeability varies. These soils may be very slightly

saline or slightly saline (the electrical conductivity is 2

to 8).

Group 2H consists of very poorly drained soils that

have been artificially drained and have more than 16

inches of organic material. Permeability varies.

Group 2W consists of very poorly drained soils that

are subject to ponding and have been artificially

drained. It includes soils that have an organic

surface layer up to 16 inches thick. Permeability

varies.

Group 3 consists of soils that are well drained or

moderately well drained and are loamy or silty

throughout. Permeability is moderate or moderately

slow. These soils do not have free carbonates in the

upper 20 inches.

Group 4 consists of soils that are well drained,

moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained

and have a silty or loamy surface layer and a clayey

subsoil. Permeability is slow or very slow.

Group 4C consists of soils that are well drained,

moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained

and have a clayey surface layer and subsoil.

Permeability is slow or very slow.

Group 4F consists of soils that are well drained,

moderately well drained, or somewhat poorly drained

and have a substratum of dense till. Permeability is

slow or very slow.

Group 5 consists of soils that are excessively

drained to moderately well drained and have a

moderate available water capacity. These soils are

dominantly fine sandy loam or sandy loam, but some

are sandy in the upper part and loamy in the lower

part.

Group 6G consists of excessively drained to

moderately well drained soils that are loamy in the

upper part and have sand or sand and gravel at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches. These soils have a low or

moderate available water capacity.

Group 6D consists of excessively drained to

moderately well drained, loamy soils that have bedrock

at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. These soils have a low or

moderate available water capacity.

Group 7 consists of excessively drained to well

drained soils that are dominantly loamy fine sand or

coarser textured and are shallow to sand or to sand

and gravel. These soils have a low available water

capacity.

Group 8 consists of excessively drained to well

drained, loamy soils that have free carbonates within

20 inches of the surface.

Group 9W consists of soils that are somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

and are moderately saline (the electrical conductivity is

8 to 16).

Group 10 consists of soils or miscellaneous land

types that generally are not suitable for windbreaks.

One or more characteristics, such as soil depth,

texture, wetness, available water capacity, or slope,

limit the planting, survival, or growth of trees and

shrubs.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 161

Cropland Management Considerations

 (See text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

47: |

 Colvin-------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

57A: |

 Fargo--------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

58: |

 Kittson------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 |

59: |

 Grimstad-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

65: |

 Foxhome------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

66: |

 Flaming------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

67A: |

 Bearden------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

67B: |

 Bearden------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

77: |

 Garnes-------------------| Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

93A: |

 Bearden------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
162 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

111: |

 Hangaard-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

116: |

 Redby--------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

117: |

 Cormant------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

145: |

 Enstrom------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

148: |

 Poppleton----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

157A: |

 Wahpeton-----------------| Flooding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 |

157B: |

 Wahpeton-----------------| Flooding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water erosion

 |

184A: |

 Hamerly------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

187: |

 Haug---------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 163

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

205: |

 Karlstad-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

236: |

 Vallers------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

242B: |

 Marquette----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

258B: |

 Sandberg-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

280: |

 Pelan--------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

372: |

 Hamar--------------------| Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

379: |

 Percy--------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

383: |

 Percy--------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

384: |

 Percy--------------------| Lime content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

387: |

 Roliss-------------------| Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

412: |

 Mavie--------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
164 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

418: |

 Lamoure------------------| Flooding

 | Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

426: |

 Foldahl------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

429A: |

 Northcote----------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

432: |

 Strandquist--------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

435: |

 Syrene-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

439: |

 Strathcona---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

481: |

 Kratka-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

482: |

 Grygla-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

514: |

 Tacoosh------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 165

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

540: |

 Seelyeville--------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

541: |

 Rifle--------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

543: |

 Markey-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

544: |

 Cathro-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

546: |

 Lupton-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

547: |

 Deerwood-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

550: |

 Dora---------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

563: |

 Northwood----------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
166 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

565: |

 Eckvoll------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

582: |

 Roliss-------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

583: |

 Nereson------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

630: |

 Wildwood-----------------| High organic matter content

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

641: |

 Clearwater---------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

642: |

 Clearwater---------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

643: |

 Huot---------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

644: |

 Boash--------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

645: |

 Espelie------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

647: |

 Hilaire------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

648: |

 Newfolden----------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 167

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

649: |

 Reiner-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

650: |

 Reiner-------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

651: |

 Thiefriver---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

652: |

 Wyandotte----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

653: |

 Smiley-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

708: |

 Rushlake-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

712: |

 Rosewood-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

713: |

 Linveldt-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

721B: |

 Corliss------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

765: |

 Smiley-------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |
168 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

794: |

 Clearriver---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Limited organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

935: |

 Hegne--------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

 Fargo--------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

936: |

 Clearwater---------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

 Reis---------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

937: |

 Eaglepoint---------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water table

 |

 Northcote----------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

972: |

 Roliss-------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Vallers------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1006: |

 Fluvaquents--------------| Flooding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

 Haploborolls-------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Slope

 | Water erosion

 |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 169

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

1030: |

 Pits---------------------| Nonsoil material

 |

 Udipsamments-------------| Nonsoil material

 |

1031: |

 Seelyeville--------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

1143: |

 Berner-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Markey-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1144: |

 Strathcona---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Kratka-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1146: |

 Northwood----------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1158: |

 Skagen-------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |
170 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

1170: |

 Skagen-------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

1187: |

 Dora---------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water table

 |

1188: |

 Wildwood-----------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1189: |

 Clearwater---------------| Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

1191: |

 Sahkahtay----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1264: |

 Ulen---------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

1297: |

 Augsburg-----------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Restricted permeability

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1299: |

 Borup--------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1304A: |

 Glyndon------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 171

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

1304B: |

 Glyndon------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water erosion

 | Wind erosion

 |

1315A: |

 Wheatville---------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

1804: |

 Hamre--------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1807: |

 Cathro-------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 |

1808: |

 Markey-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1871: |

 Fargo--------------------| Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

1874: |

 Radium-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Wind erosion

 |

1878: |

 Hamre--------------------| High organic matter content

 | Ponding

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential for surface-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |
172 Soil Survey of

 Cropland Management Considerations--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Cropland management

 soil name | considerations _____________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

1882: |

 Rosewood-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Strathcona---------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Berner-------------------| Excessive permeability

 | High organic matter content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1963: |

 Bearden------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Colvin-------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

1964: |

 Colvin-------------------| Lime content

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Fargo--------------------| Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Potential poor tilth and compaction

 | Water table

 |

1966: |

 Rosewood-----------------| Excessive permeability

 | Lime content

 | Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 |

 Hamar--------------------| Limited available water capacity

 | Potential for ground-water contamination

 | Water table

 | Wind erosion

 | _____________________________________________________________________________
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture (Yields in the "N" columns are for nonirrigated areas; those in the "I" column are for irrigated areas. 

 can be expected under a high level of management. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is no the crop generally is not grown on the soil) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Oats | Sugar beets | Su and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  _______________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | L ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | 47---------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- |110.0 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2 Colvin | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 57A--------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- |100.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1 Fargo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 58---------------| 1 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 95.0 | --- | 6.5 | --- |100.0 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2 Kittson | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 59---------------| 2s | --- | 4.7 | --- | 85.0 | --- | 6.1 | --- | 95.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Grimstad | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 65---------------| 3s | --- | 4.4 | --- | 65.0 | --- | 5.7 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Foxhome | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 66---------------| 4s | --- | 4.3 | --- | 65.0 | --- | 5.6 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Flaming | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 67A--------------| 2s | --- | --- | --- |100.0 | --- | --- | --- |120.0 | --- | 20.0 | --- | 2 Bearden | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 67B--------------| 2e | --- | --- | --- | 95.0 | --- | --- | --- |115.0 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2 Bearden | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 77---------------| 1 | --- | 4.9 | --- | 85.0 | --- | 6.4 | --- | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- | 2 Garnes | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 93A--------------| 2s | --- | --- | --- |100.0 | --- | --- | --- |120.0 | --- | 20.0 | --- | 2 Bearden | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 111--------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | 85.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Hangaard | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 116--------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | 60.0 | --- | --- | --- |  Redby | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 117--------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 55.0 | --- | --- | --- | 65.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Cormant | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Oats | Sugar beets | Su and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  _______________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | L ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | 145--------------| 4s | --- | 4.3 | --- | 65.0 | --- | 5.6 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Enstrom | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 148--------------| 4s | --- | 4.2 | --- | 35.0 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 45.0 | --- | --- | --- |  Poppleton | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 157A-------------| 2s | --- | --- | --- | 95.0 | --- | --- | --- |120.0 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 2, Wahpeton | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 157B-------------| 2e | --- | --- | --- | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- |110.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 2, Wahpeton | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 184A-------------| 2s | --- | 4.8 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 6.2 | --- |100.0 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2, Hamerly | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 187: | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Haug, drained---| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 30.0 | --- | --- | --- | 25.0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Haug, undrained-| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 205--------------| 3s | --- | 4.3 | --- | 60.0 | --- | 5.6 | --- | 55.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Karlstad | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 236--------------| 2w | --- | 3.7 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 4.8 | --- | 85.0 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1, Vallers | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 242B-------------| 4s | --- | 3.1 | --- | 40.0 | --- | 4.0 | --- | 45.0 | --- | --- | --- |  Marquette | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 258B-------------| 4s | 4s | 3.0 | --- | 40.0 | --- | 3.9 | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- |  Sandberg | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 280--------------| 3s | --- | 4.4 | --- | 65.0 | --- | 5.7 | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Pelan | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 372--------------| 4w | --- | 2.4 | --- | 45.0 | --- | 3.1 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Hamar | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 379--------------| 2w | --- | 3.6 | --- | 60.0 | --- | 4.7 | --- | 65.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Percy | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 383--------------| 2w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Percy | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Oats | Sugar beets | Su and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  _______________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | L ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | 384--------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Percy | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 387--------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Roliss | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 412--------------| 3w | --- | 2.6 | --- | 60.0 | --- | 3.6 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Mavie | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 418--------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- | 75.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 2, Lamoure | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 426--------------| 3s | --- | 4.5 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 5.9 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1, Foldahl | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 429A-------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 90.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1, Northcote | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 432--------------| 3w | --- | 2.6 | --- | 60.0 | --- | 3.6 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Strandquist | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 435--------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 55.0 | --- | --- | --- | 65.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Syrene | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 439--------------| 2w | --- | 3.9 | --- | 70.0 | --- | 5.1 | --- | 80.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1, Strathcona | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 481--------------| 3w | --- | 2.7 | --- | 65.0 | --- | 3.5 | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Kratka | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 482--------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 55.0 | --- | --- | --- | 65.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Grygla | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 514--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - Tacoosh | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 540--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - Seelyeville | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 541--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - Rifle | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Oats | Sugar beets | Su and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  _______________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | L ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | 543: | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Markey, drained-| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 30.0 | --- | --- | --- | 25.0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Markey, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  undrained------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 544: | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Cathro, drained-| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 30.0 | --- | --- | --- | 25.0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Cathro, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  undrained------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 546--------------| 7w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Lupton | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 547: | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Deerwood, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  drained--------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 30.0 | --- | --- | --- | 25.0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Deerwood, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  undrained------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 550--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Dora | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 563: | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Northwood, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  drained--------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | 30.0 | --- | --- | --- | 25.0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Northwood, | | | | | | | | | | | | |  undrained------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 565--------------| 3s | --- | 4.5 | --- | 70.0 | --- | 5.9 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Eckvoll | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 582--------------| 2w | --- | 3.7 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 4.8 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1 Roliss | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 583--------------| 1 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 6.5 | --- | 95.0 | --- | --- | --- | 2 Nereson | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 630--------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Wildwood | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Oats | Sugar beets | Su and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  _______________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | L ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | 641--------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 4.6 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1 Clearwater | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 642--------------| 2w | --- | 3.6 | --- | 80.0 | --- | 4.7 | --- | 95.0 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1 Clearwater | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 643--------------| 2s | --- | 4.7 | --- | 85.0 | --- | 6.1 | --- | 95.0 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 2 Huot | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 644--------------| 2w | --- | 3.5 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 4.6 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1 Boash | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 645--------------| 2w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 80.0 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1 Espelie | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 647--------------| 3s | --- | 4.5 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 5.9 | --- | 80.0 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1 Hilaire | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 648--------------| 2s | --- | 4.9 | --- | 95.0 | --- | 6.4 | --- |110.0 | --- | --- | --- | 2 Newfolden | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 649--------------| 2s | --- | 4.9 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 6.4 | --- |100.0 | --- | --- | --- | 2 Reiner | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 650--------------| 1 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 95.0 | --- | 6.5 | --- |110.0 | --- | --- | --- | 2 Reiner | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 651--------------| 2w | --- | 3.8 | --- | 80.0 | --- | 5.0 | --- | 85.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1 Thiefriver | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 652--------------| 3w | --- | 2.5 | --- | 60.0 | --- | 3.3 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Wyandotte | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 653--------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 35.0 | --- | --- | --- | 60.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Smiley | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 708--------------| 4s | --- | 4.2 | --- | 35.0 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- |  Rushlake | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 712--------------| 3w | --- | 2.8 | --- | 60.0 | --- | 3.6 | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Rosewood | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 713--------------| 3s | --- | 4.5 | --- | 70.0 | --- | 5.9 | --- | 85.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Linveldt | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 721B-------------| 4s | --- | 3.0 | --- | 25.0 | --- | 3.9 | --- | 35.0 | --- | --- | --- |  Corliss | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Oats | Sugar beets | Su and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  _______________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | L ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | 765--------------| 2w | --- | 4.0 | --- | 85.0 | --- | 5.2 | --- | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- | 2 Smiley | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 794--------------| 4s | --- | 4.3 | --- | 30.0 | --- | 5.6 | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Clearriver | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 935--------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 95.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1 Hegne-Fargo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 936--------------| 2w | --- | 3.6 | --- | 80.0 | --- | 4.7 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1 Clearwater-Reis | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 937--------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 75.0 | --- | --- | --- | 85.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | 1 Eaglepoint- | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Northcote | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 972--------------| 2w | --- | 3.7 | --- | 75.0 | --- | 4.8 | --- | 90.0 | --- | 16.0 | --- | 1 Roliss-Vallers | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1006-------------| | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Fluvaquents-----| 6w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Haploborolls----| 6e | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1030-------------| 8s | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Pits- | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1031-------------| 8w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Seelyeville | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1143-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Berner-Markey | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1144-------------| | | --- | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Strathcona------| 3w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Kratka----------| 4w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1146-------------| 8w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Northwood | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1158-------------| 2e | --- | 4.8 | --- | 85.0 | --- | 6.2 | --- | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- | 2 Skagen | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1170-------------| 2e | --- | 4.6 | --- | 70.0 | --- | 6.0 | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Skagen | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Oats | Sugar beets | Su and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  _______________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | L ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1187-------------| 8w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Dora | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1188-------------| 8w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Wildwood | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1189-------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 35.0 | --- | --- | --- | 55.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Clearwater | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1191-------------| 3w | --- | 3.0 | --- | 40.0 | --- | 3.9 | --- | 60.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Sahkahtay | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1264-------------| 3s | --- | 4.3 | --- | 65.0 | --- | 5.6 | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Ulen | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1297-------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- |110.0 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2 Augsburg | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1299-------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- |110.0 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2 Borup | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1304A------------| 2s | --- | --- | --- |100.0 | --- | --- | --- |120.0 | --- | 19.0 | --- | 2 Glyndon | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1304B------------| 2e | --- | --- | --- | 95.0 | --- | --- | --- |115.0 | --- | 17.0 | --- | 2 Glyndon | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1315A------------| 2s | --- | --- | --- |100.0 | --- | --- | --- |120.0 | --- | 19.0 | --- | 2 Wheatville | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1804-------------| 8w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Hamre | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1807-------------| 8w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Cathro | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1808-------------| 8w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  Markey | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1871-------------| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 25.0 | --- | --- | --- | 30.0 | --- | 13.0 | --- | 1 Fargo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1874-------------| 4s | --- | 4.2 | --- | 50.0 | --- | 5.5 | --- | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1 Radium | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  See footnote at end of table.
 Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | |  Map symbol | Land | Alfalfa hay | Barley | Bromegrass- | Oats | Sugar beets | Su and | capability | | | alfalfa | | |  soil name | | | | | | |  _______________________________________________________________________________________ | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N | I | N _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Tons | Tons | Bu | Bu | AUM* | AUM* | Bu | Bu | Tons | Tons | L ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1878: | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Hamre, drained--| 3w | --- | --- | --- | 30.0 | --- | --- | --- | 25.0 | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Hamre, undrained| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1882-------------| 6w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - Rosewood- | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Strathcona- | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Berner | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1963-------------| | | --- | --- |100.0 | --- | --- | --- |120.0 | --- | 20.0 | --- | 2, Bearden---------| 2s | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Colvin----------| 2w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1964-------------| 2w | --- | --- | --- | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- |110.0 | --- | 18.0 | --- | 2, Colvin-Fargo | | | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1966-------------| | | 2.8 | --- | 65.0 | --- | 3.6 | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- | 1, Rosewood--------| 3w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Hamar-----------| 4w | --- | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * Animal unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horsor five goats) for 30 days.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 181

Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are not

 considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the conditions are

 specified in parentheses after the soil name)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol|

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

47 |Colvin silty clay loam (where drained)

57A |Fargo silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

58 |Kittson loam

59 |Grimstad fine sandy loam

67A |Bearden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

67B |Bearden silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

77 |Garnes fine sandy loam

93A |Bearden silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

157A |Wahpeton silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded

157B |Wahpeton silty clay, 2 to 6 percent slopes, occasionally flooded

184A |Hamerly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

236 |Vallers loam (where drained)

383 |Percy loam (where drained)

418 |Lamoure silty clay loam, occasionally flooded (where drained)

429A |Northcote clay, 0 to 2 percent slope (where drained)

439 |Strathcona fine sandy loam (where drained)

481 |Kratka fine sandy loam (where drained)

582 |Roliss loam (where drained)

583 |Nereson fine sandy loam

641 |Clearwater clay (where drained)

642 |Clearwater loam (where drained)

643 |Huot fine sandy loam

644 |Boash clay loam (where drained)

645 |Espelie fine sandy loam (where drained)

648 |Newfolden loam

649 |Reiner loamy fine sand

650 |Reiner fine sandy loam

651 |Thiefriver fine sandy loam (where drained)

713 |Linveldt fine sandy loam

765 |Smiley loam (where drained)

935 |Hegne-Fargo complex (where drained)

936 |Clearwater-Reis complex (where drained)

937 |Eaglepoint-Northcote complex (where drained)

972 |Roliss-Vallers complex (where drained)

1158 |Skagen loam

1297 |Augsburg very fine sandy loam (where drained)

1299 |Borup very fine sandy loam (where drained)

1304A |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

1304B |Glyndon very fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

1315A |Wheatville very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

1963 |Bearden-Colvin complex (where drained)

1964 |Colvin-Fargo complex (where drained)

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
182 Soil Survey of

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings

(Only the soils suitable for windbreaks and environmental plantings are listed. Absence of an entry indicates

 that trees generally do not grow to the given height on that soil)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

47: | | | | |

 Colvin----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Carolina poplar,

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | | eastern cottonwood.

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | |

 | | lilac, common | spruce. | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

57A: | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | redosier dogwood,| Siberian | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| crabapple, Black | |

 | | American plum, | Hills spruce. | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

58: | | | | |

 Kittson---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | Manchurian | |

 | | cotoneaster, | crabapple, white | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, Black | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| Hills spruce, | |

 | | Tatarian | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | honeysuckle, | blue spruce. | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

59: | | | | |

 Grimstad--------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

65: | | | | |

 Foxhome---------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Jack pine, | --- | ---

 | Tatarian | green ash, | ponderosa pine, | |

 | honeysuckle, | eastern redcedar,| red pine, | |

 | silver | Siberian | Siberian elm. | |

 | buffaloberry, | crabapple, | | |

 | lilac. | Manchurian | | |

 | | crabapple, common| | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

66: | | | | |

 Flaming---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | crabapple, white | |

 | | cotoneaster, | spruce, blue | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce. | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| | |

 | | Tatarian | | |

 | | honeysuckle, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 183

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Bearden---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Eastern redcedar, |Hackberry, green |Eastern cottonwood,

 | | American plum, | Siberian | ash, golden | Siberian elm.

 | | lilac. | crabapple, | willow. |

 | | | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | blue spruce. | |

 | | | | |

67B: | | | | |

 Bearden---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Eastern redcedar, |Hackberry, green |Eastern cottonwood,

 | | American plum, | Siberian | ash, golden | Siberian elm.

 | | lilac. | crabapple, | willow. |

 | | | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | blue spruce. | |

 | | | | |

77: | | | | |

 Garnes----------|Peking cotoneaster|Siberian peashrub,|Eastern redcedar, |Green ash, jack |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | redosier dogwood,| Manchurian | pine, red pine, |

 | | American plum, | crabapple, white | eastern white |

 | | lilac, common | spruce, blue | pine, golden |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, northern | willow. |

 | | American | whitecedar. | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

93A: | | | | |

 Bearden---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Eastern redcedar, |Hackberry, green |Eastern cottonwood,

 | | American plum, | Siberian | ash, golden | Siberian elm.

 | | lilac. | crabapple, | willow. |

 | | | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | blue spruce. | |

 | | | | |

111: | | | | |

 Hangaard--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Green ash, golden |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| Manchurian | willow, Siberian |

 | | Tatarian | crabapple, white | elm. |

 | | honeysuckle, | spruce, blue | |

 | | lilac, common | spruce, bur oak, | |

 | | chokecherry. | northern | |

 | | | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

116: | | | | |

 Redby-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Hackberry, green | ---

 | | redosier dogwood,| white spruce, | ash, Norway |

 | | lilac, American | blue spruce. | spruce, jack |

 | | cranberrybush. | | pine, red pine. |

 | | | | |

117: | | | | |

 Cormant---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Green ash, Norway |Silver maple,

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | spruce, eastern | Carolina poplar,

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | white pine, | eastern cottonwood.

 | | lilac, common | spruce, northern | golden willow. |

 | | chokecherry, | whitecedar. | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |
184 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

145: | | | | |

 Enstrom---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | Manchurian | |

 | | cotoneaster, | crabapple, Norway| |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, jack | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| pine, white | |

 | | Tatarian | spruce, blue | |

 | | honeysuckle, | spruce, red pine.| |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

148: | | | | |

 Poppleton-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | Manchurian | |

 | | cotoneaster, | crabapple, Norway| |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, jack | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| pine, white | |

 | | Tatarian | spruce, blue | |

 | | honeysuckle, | spruce, red pine.| |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

157A: | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | green ash, Black | |

 | | cotoneaster, | Hills spruce, bur| |

 | | redosier dogwood,| oak. | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | ponderosa pine, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

157B: | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | green ash, Black | |

 | | cotoneaster, | Hills spruce, bur| |

 | | redosier dogwood,| oak. | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | ponderosa pine, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

184A: | | | | |

 Hamerly---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Hackberry, green |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood,

 | | Peking | ash, Black Hills | | Siberian elm.

 | | cotoneaster, | spruce. | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| | |

 | | Siberian | | |

 | | crabapple, | | |

 | | ponderosa pine, | | |

 | | blue spruce, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 185

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

205: | | | | |

 Karlstad--------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| green ash, white | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | spruce, blue | |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | northern | | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

236: | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Redosier dogwood |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| green ash, | Siberian elm. |

 | | American plum, | Siberian | |

 | | lilac, common | crabapple, white | |

 | | chokecherry. | spruce, Black | |

 | | | Hills spruce, | |

 | | | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | | oak. | |

 | | | | |

242B: | | | | |

 Marquette-------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Silver maple, |Eastern | ---

 | Rocky Mountain | eastern redcedar,| green ash, white | cottonwood, |

 | juniper, | sargent | spruce, Black | Siberian elm. |

 | silver | crabapple, blue | Hills spruce, | |

 | buffaloberry, | spruce, common | ponderosa pine, | |

 | lilac. | chokecherry, late| red pine, Scotch | |

 | | lilac. | pine. | |

 | | | | |

258B: | | | | |

 Sandberg--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Silver maple, |Eastern cottonwood| ---

 | | eastern redcedar,| Russian-olive, | |

 | | sargent | green ash, | |

 | | crabapple, Black | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | Hills spruce, | Scotch pine. | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

280: | | | | |

 Pelan-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, |Jack pine, | ---

 | | eastern redcedar,| Russian-olive, | Siberian elm. |

 | | Manchurian | green ash, Norway| |

 | | crabapple, | spruce, white | |

 | | American plum, | spruce, ponderosa| |

 | | common | pine, blue | |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, red pine,| |

 | | silver | bur oak. | |

 | | buffaloberry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

372: | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Silver |Siberian peashrub,|Hackberry, |Green ash, golden |Eastern cottonwood.

 | buffaloberry, | redosier dogwood,| eastern redcedar,| willow. |

 | lilac. | American plum, | Siberian | |

 | | common | crabapple, Black | |

 | | chokecherry. | Hills spruce, | |

 | | | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | blue spruce. | |

 | | | | |

379: | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Redosier dogwood |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | lilac, common | eastern redcedar,| Siberian elm. |

 | | chokecherry. | white spruce, | |

 | | | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | | oak. | |

 | | | | |
186 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

383: | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Redosier dogwood |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | lilac, common | eastern redcedar,| Siberian elm. |

 | | chokecherry. | white spruce, | |

 | | | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | | oak. | |

 | | | | |

412: | | | | |

 Mavie-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

418: | | | | |

 Lamoure---------|Redosier dogwood, |Siberian peashrub,|Hackberry, |Green ash, golden |Eastern cottonwood.

 | silver | American plum, | eastern redcedar,| willow. |

 | buffaloberry, | common | Manchurian | |

 | lilac. | chokecherry. | crabapple, Black | |

 | | | Hills spruce, | |

 | | | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | blue spruce. | |

 | | | | |

426: | | | | |

 Foldahl---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | crabapple, white | |

 | | cotoneaster, | spruce, blue | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce. | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| | |

 | | Tatarian | | |

 | | honeysuckle, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

429A: | | | | |

 Northcote-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Carolina poplar,

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | | eastern cottonwood.

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | |

 | | lilac, common | spruce. | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

432: | | | | |

 Strandquist-----| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| green ash, | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | Manchurian | |

 | | chokecherry, | crabapple, white | |

 | | lilac, northern | spruce, blue | |

 | | whitecedar. | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | | | |

435: | | | | |

 Syrene----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

439: | | | | |

 Strathcona------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, white |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood,

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, blue | | Siberian elm.

 | | eastern redcedar,| spruce. | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 187

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

481: | | | | |

 Kratka----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Hackberry, green |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | ash, golden |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | willow, Siberian |

 | | chokecherry. | oak, northern | elm. |

 | | | whitecedar. | |

 | | | | |

482: | | | | |

 Grygla----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Green ash, |Silver maple,

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, Norway| eastern white | Carolina poplar,

 | | common ninebark, | spruce, white | pine, golden | eastern cottonwood.

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | willow. |

 | | lilac, common | spruce, northern | |

 | | chokecherry, | whitecedar. | |

 | | American | | |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

565: | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | Manchurian | |

 | | cotoneaster, | crabapple, jack | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| pine, white | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| spruce, blue | |

 | | American plum, | spruce, red pine.| |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, northern | | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

582: | | | | |

 Roliss----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | cotoneaster, | green ash, | Siberian elm. |

 | | eastern redcedar,| Manchurian | |

 | | common | crabapple, white | |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, blue | |

 | | lilac, northern | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

583: | | | | |

 Nereson---------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Hackberry, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| Russian-olive, | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | green ash, white | |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, blue | |

 | | northern | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

641, 642: | | | | |

 Clearwater------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | cotoneaster, | green ash, | Siberian elm. |

 | | eastern redcedar,| Manchurian | |

 | | common | crabapple, white | |

 | | chokecherry, | spruce, blue | |

 | | lilac, northern | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

643: | | | | |

 Huot------------| --- |Eastern redcedar, |Russian-olive, |Hackberry, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | lilac, sargent | white spruce, bur| Siberian elm. |

 | | crabapple, blue | oak. | |

 | | spruce, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |
188 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

644: | | | | |

 Boash-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Carolina poplar,

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | | eastern cottonwood.

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | |

 | | lilac, common | spruce. | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

645: | | | | |

 Espelie---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Carolina poplar,

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | | eastern cottonwood.

 | | Tatarian | spruce, blue | |

 | | honeysuckle, | spruce. | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

647: | | | | |

 Hilaire---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | Peking | crabapple, white | |

 | | cotoneaster, | spruce, blue | |

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce. | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| | |

 | | Tatarian | | |

 | | honeysuckle, | | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

648: | | | | |

 Newfolden-------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

649: | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | Tatarian | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | honeysuckle, | oak. | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

650: | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| green ash, white | Siberian elm. |

 | | Tatarian | spruce, blue | |

 | | honeysuckle, | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | northern | | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

651: | | | | |

 Thiefriver------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

652: | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 189

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

708: | | | | |

 Rushlake--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Eastern redcedar, |Red maple, silver | ---

 | | silky dogwood, | white spruce. | maple, green ash,|

 | | redosier dogwood,| | Norway spruce, |

 | | lilac, American | | jack pine. |

 | | cranberrybush. | | |

 | | | | |

712: | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

713: | | | | |

 Linveldt--------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| green ash, white | Siberian elm. |

 | | Tatarian | spruce, blue | |

 | | honeysuckle, | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | northern | | |

 | | whitecedar. | | |

 | | | | |

721B: | | | | |

 Corliss---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Silver maple, |Eastern cottonwood| ---

 | | eastern redcedar,| Russian-olive, | |

 | | lilac, sargent | green ash, Black | |

 | | crabapple, common| Hills spruce, | |

 | | chokecherry. | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | Scotch pine. | |

 | | | | |

765: | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Redosier dogwood, |Siberian peashrub,| --- | --- | ---

 | honeysuckle, | gray dogwood, | | |

 | sargent | eastern redcedar,| | |

 | crabapple, lilac.| American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | silver | | |

 | | buffaloberry, | | |

 | | late lilac, | | |

 | | nannyberry | | |

 | | viburnum. | | |

 | | | | |

794: | | | | |

 Clearriver------| --- |Eastern redcedar, |Russian-olive, |Jack pine, red |Silver maple,

 | | honeysuckle, | green ash, white | pine, eastern | eastern cottonwood,

 | | Manchurian | spruce, ponderosa| white pine. | Siberian elm.

 | | crabapple, | pine, Scotch | |

 | | sargent | pine, northern | |

 | | crabapple, blue | whitecedar. | |

 | | spruce, common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac, silver | | |

 | | buffaloberry, | | |

 | | late lilac. | | |

 | | | | |

935: | | | | |

 Hegne-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |
190 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

935: | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | redosier dogwood,| Siberian | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| crabapple, Black | |

 | | American plum, | Hills spruce. | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

936: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Redosier dogwood |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | cotoneaster, | white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | eastern redcedar,| Black Hills | |

 | | Siberian | spruce, blue | |

 | | crabapple, | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

 Reis------------|Redosier dogwood |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | cotoneaster, | green ash, white | Siberian elm. |

 | | eastern redcedar,| spruce, Black | |

 | | Siberian | Hills spruce, | |

 | | crabapple, | blue spruce. | |

 | | American plum, | | |

 | | common | | |

 | | chokecherry, | | |

 | | lilac. | | |

937: | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------| --- |Eastern redcedar |Russian-olive, | --- |Siberian elm.

 | | | green ash, | |

 | | | Siberian | |

 | | | crabapple, Black | |

 | | | Hills spruce. | |

 | | | | |

 Northcote-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Green ash, golden |Carolina poplar,

 | | redosier dogwood,| Siberian | willow, Siberian | eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| crabapple, | elm. |

 | | American plum, | Manchurian | |

 | | lilac, common | crabapple, white | |

 | | chokecherry. | spruce, Black | |

 | | | Hills spruce, | |

 | | | blue spruce. | |

 | | | | |

972: | | | | |

 Roliss----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | cotoneaster, | white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | eastern redcedar,| blue spruce, bur | |

 | | lilac, common | oak. | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

 Vallers---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

1006: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Haploborolls----| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Green ash, |Siberian elm.

 | | eastern redcedar,| Siberian | honeylocust. |

 | | American plum, | crabapple, | |

 | | lilac. | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | | oak. | |

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 191

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

1191: | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Amur maple, white |Hackberry, green |Silver maple,

 | | redosier dogwood,| spruce, blue | ash, golden | eastern cottonwood.

 | | American plum, | spruce, northern | willow. |

 | | lilac, common | whitecedar. | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

1264: | | | | |

 Ulen------------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Green ash, golden |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| Siberian | willow, Siberian |

 | | American plum, | crabapple, white | elm. |

 | | common | spruce, ponderosa| |

 | | chokecherry, | pine, blue | |

 | | silver | spruce, bur oak. | |

 | | buffaloberry. | | |

 | | | | |

1297: | | | | |

 Augsburg--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

1299: | | | | |

 Borup-----------|Redosier dogwood |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| green ash, | Siberian elm. |

 | | American plum, | Siberian | |

 | | lilac, common | crabapple, white | |

 | | chokecherry. | spruce, Black | |

 | | | Hills spruce, | |

 | | | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | | oak. | |

 | | | | |

1304A: | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

1304B: | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

1315A: | | | | |

 Wheatville------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

1874: | | | | |

 Radium----------|Lilac-------------|Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Eastern | ---

 | | common | green ash, white | cottonwood, |

 | | chokecherry. | spruce, Black | Siberian elm. |

 | | | Hills spruce, red| |

 | | | pine. | |

 | | | | |

1963: | | | | |

 Bearden---------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Eastern redcedar, |Hackberry, green |Eastern cottonwood,

 | | American plum, | Siberian | ash, golden | Siberian elm.

 | | lilac. | crabapple, | willow. |

 | | | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | blue spruce. | |

 | | | | |
192 Soil Survey of

 Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- ________________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | | | | |

 and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | >35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

1963: | | | | |

 Colvin----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Carolina poplar,

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | | eastern cottonwood.

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | |

 | | lilac, common | spruce. | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

1964: | | | | |

 Colvin----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Manchurian |Golden willow-----|Carolina poplar,

 | | redosier dogwood,| crabapple, white | | eastern cottonwood.

 | | American plum, | spruce, blue | |

 | | lilac, common | spruce. | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Green ash, |Golden willow-----|Eastern cottonwood.

 | | redosier dogwood,| Siberian | |

 | | eastern redcedar,| crabapple, Black | |

 | | American plum, | Hills spruce. | |

 | | lilac, common | | |

 | | chokecherry. | | |

 | | | | |

1966: | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| --- |Siberian peashrub,|Russian-olive, |Golden willow, |Eastern cottonwood.

 | | eastern redcedar,| white spruce, | Siberian elm. |

 | | lilac, common | blue spruce, bur | |

 | | chokecherry. | oak. | |

 | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Silver |Siberian peashrub |Hackberry, |Green ash, golden |Eastern cottonwood.

 | buffaloberry, | | eastern redcedar,| willow. |

 | lilac. | | Siberian | |

 | | | crabapple, | |

 | | | ponderosa pine, | |

 | | | blue spruce. | |

 | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 193

Windbreak Suitability Groups

(See text for a description of the characteristics of the

 soils in each group)

______________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Windbreak suitability

 soil name | group ______________________________________________________________

 |

 |

47: |

 Colvin-----------| 2K

 |

57A: |

 Fargo------------| 2

 |

58: |

 Kittson----------| 1

 |

59: |

 Grimstad---------| 1K

 |

65: |

 Foxhome----------| 5

 |

66: |

 Flaming----------| 1

 |

67A, 67B: |

 Bearden----------| 1K

 |

77: |

 Garnes-----------| 1

 |

93A: |

 Bearden----------| 1K

 |

111: |

 Hangaard---------| 2

 |

116: |

 Redby------------| 1

 |

117: |

 Cormant----------| 2

 |

145: |

 Enstrom----------| 1

 |

148: |

 Poppleton--------| 1

 |

157A, 157B: |

 Wahpeton---------| 1

 |

184A: |

 Hamerly----------| 1K

 |

187: |

 Haug-------------| 10

 |

205: |

 Karlstad---------| 1

 |

236: |

 Vallers----------| 2K

 |

242B: |

 Marquette--------| 7

 |
194 Soil Survey of

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Windbreak suitability

 soil name | group ______________________________________________________________

 |

 |

258B: |

 Sandberg---------| 7

 |

280: |

 Pelan------------| 5

 |

372: |

 Hamar------------| 2

 |

379, 383: |

 Percy------------| 2K

 |

384: |

 Percy------------| 2W

 |

387: |

 Roliss-----------| 2W

 |

412: |

 Mavie------------| 2K

 |

418: |

 Lamoure----------| 2K

 |

426: |

 Foldahl----------| 1

 |

429A: |

 Northcote--------| 2

 |

432: |

 Strandquist------| 2K

 |

435: |

 Syrene-----------| 2K

 |

439: |

 Strathcona-------| 2K

 |

481: |

 Kratka-----------| 2

 |

482: |

 Grygla-----------| 2

 |

514: |

 Tacoosh----------| 2H

 |

540: |

 Seelyeville------| 10

 |

541: |

 Rifle------------| 10

 |

543: |

 Markey-----------| 10

 |

544: |

 Cathro-----------| 10

 |

546: |

 Lupton-----------| 10

 |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 195

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Windbreak suitability

 soil name | group ______________________________________________________________

 |

 |

547: |

 Deerwood---------| 10

 |

550: |

 Dora-------------| 10

 |

563: |

 Northwood--------| 10

 |

565: |

 Eckvoll----------| 1

 |

582: |

 Roliss-----------| 2K

 |

583: |

 Nereson----------| 1

 |

630: |

 Wildwood---------| 10

 |

641, 642: |

 Clearwater-------| 2K

 |

643: |

 Huot-------------| 1K

 |

644: |

 Boash------------| 2

 |

645: |

 Espelie----------| 2

 |

647: |

 Hilaire----------| 1

 |

648: |

 Newfolden--------| 1

 |

649, 650: |

 Reiner-----------| 1

 |

651: |

 Thiefriver-------| 2K

 |

652: |

 Wyandotte--------| 2K

 |

653: |

 Smiley-----------| 2W

 |

708: |

 Rushlake---------| 1

 |

712: |

 Rosewood---------| 2K

 |

713: |

 Linveldt---------| 1

 |

721B: |

 Corliss----------| 7

 |
196 Soil Survey of

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Windbreak suitability

 soil name | group ______________________________________________________________

 |

 |

765: |

 Smiley-----------| 2

 |

794: |

 Clearriver-------| 7

 |

935: |

 Hegne------------| 2K

 |

 Fargo------------| 2

 |

936: |

 Clearwater-------| 2K

 |

 Reis-------------| 2K

 |

937: |

 Eaglepoint-------| 2K

 |

 Northcote--------| 2

 |

972: |

 Roliss-----------| 2K

 |

 Vallers----------| 2K

 |

1006: |

 Fluvaquents------| 10

 |

 Haploborolls-----| 3

 |

1030: |

 Pits. |

 |

 Udipsamments. |

 |

1031: |

 Seelyeville------| 10

 |

1143: |

 Berner-----------| 10

 |

 Markey-----------| 10

 |

1144: |

 Strathcona-------| 2W

 |

 Kratka-----------| 2W

 |

1146: |

 Northwood--------| 10

 |

1158, 1170: |

 Skagen-----------| 1K

 |

1187: |

 Dora-------------| 10

 |

1188: |

 Wildwood---------| 10

 |

1189: |

 Clearwater-------| 10

 |
Alpha County, State 197

 Windbreak Suitability Groups--Continued

______________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Windbreak suitability

 soil name | group ______________________________________________________________

 |

 |

1191: |

 Sahkahtay--------| 2

 |

1264: |

 Ulen-------------| 1K

 |

1297: |

 Augsburg---------| 2K

 |

1299: |

 Borup------------| 2K

 |

1304A, 1304B: |

 Glyndon----------| 1K

 |

1315A: |

 Wheatville-------| 1K

 |

1804: |

 Hamre------------| 10

 |

1807: |

 Cathro-----------| 10

 |

1808: |

 Markey-----------| 10

 |

1871: |

 Fargo------------| 2

 |

1874: |

 Radium-----------| 1

 |

1878: |

 Hamre------------| 10

 |

1882: |

 Rosewood---------| 10

 |

 Strathcona-------| 10

 |

 Berner-----------| 10

 |

1963: |

 Bearden----------| 1K

 |

 Colvin-----------| 2K

 |

1964: |

 Colvin-----------| 2K

 |

 Fargo------------| 2

 |

1966: |

 Rosewood---------| 2K

 |

 Hamar------------| 2

 | ______________________________________________________________

199

About 10 percent of Marshall County is forested.

The wooded areas are primarily in the eastern twothirds of the county. The most common tree species

are aspen, birch, and oak. Some of the wetter mineral

soils and organic soils support black spruce,

tamarack, and black ash.

Most wooded areas are used for wildlife habitat or

pasture. Few areas are commercially logged. Tree

removal is primarily for firewood. There are a few

small Christmas tree plantations. In areas of sparse

tree growth or in other cleared areas, trees can be

planted for commercial use, for firewood, for esthetic

purposes, or for wildlife.

Forest Land Management

Considerations

Information about the hazards and limitations that

should be considered in areas used as forest land are

given in the tables “Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations,” “Forest Haul Road Considerations,”

“Forest Log Landing Considerations,” and “Forest

Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations.”

Forest Land Harvest Equipment

Considerations

For most soils spring is the most limiting season.

Alternate thawing and freezing during snowmelt

cause saturation and low strength of the surface soil

layers. When thawing is complete, saturation

continues for short periods in well drained soils to

nearly all year in very poorly drained depressional

soils. Degrees of wetness are generally proportionate

to water table height and duration. The water table

generally is lower in the summer during the heavy

use of moisture by vegetation and is nearer the

surface during periods when absorbed precipitation is

greater than the vegetation requires. Harvesting

during periods of saturation usually results in severe

soil damage, except when the soil is frozen. The

preferred season for timber harvest on many soils is

winter, when wetness and low soil strength can be

overcome by freezing.

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The upper slope limit is more than 15

percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Depth to hard rock.—The depth to hard bedrock is

less than 10 inches.

Rubbly surface.—The word “rubbly” is in the map

unit name.

Surface stones.—The words “extremely stony” are

in the map unit name.

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Areas of rock outcrop.—The words “Rock outcrop”

are in the map unit name.

Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage (low

strength).—The AASHTO classification is A-6, A-7,

or A-8 in any layer at a depth of 20 inches or less.

Poor traction (loose sandy material).—The USDA

texture includes sands or loamy sands in any layer at

a depth of 10 inches or less.

Forest Haul Road Considerations

Haul roads serve as transportation routes from log

landings to primary roads. Generally, haul roads are

unpaved, but some are graveled.

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The slope is 8 percent or more.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Depth to hard rock.—The depth to hard bedrock is

less than 20 inches.

Depth to soft rock.—The depth to soft bedrock is

less than 20 inches.

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Areas of rock outcrop.—The words “Rock outcrop”

are in the map unit name.

Forest Land
200 Soil Survey of

Low bearing strength.—The AASHTO

classification is A-6, A-7, or A-8 in any layer at a

depth of 20 inches or less.

Rubbly surface.—The word “rubbly” is in the map

unit name.

Forest Log Landing Considerations

Log landings are areas where logs are assembled

for transportation. Areas that require little or no

cutting, filling, or surface preparation are desired.

Considerations shown in the table are as follows:

Slope.—The slope is more than 3 percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is

occasionally flooded or frequently flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Areas of rock outcrop.—The words “Rock outcrop”

are in the map unit name.

Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage (low

strength).—The AASHTO classification is A-6, A-7,

or A-8 in any layer at a depth of 20 inches or less.

Rubbly surface.—The word “rubbly” is in the map

unit name.

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting

Considerations

Considerations shown in this table are as follows:

Slope.—The upper slope limit is more than 15

percent.

Flooding.—The map unit component is frequently

flooded.

Wetness.—The map unit component is somewhat

poorly drained, poorly drained, or very poorly drained

or has a perched water table (any drainage class).

Depth to hard rock.—The depth to hard bedrock is

less than 20 inches.

Surface stones.—The word “stony” is in the map

unit name.

Surface boulders.—The word “bouldery” is in the

map unit name.

Areas of rock outcrop.—The words “Rock outcrop”

are in the map unit name.

Water erosion.—The slope is 8 percent or more.

Potential poor tilth and compaction.—The AASHTO

classification is A-6 or A-7 in the upper 10 inches.

Rubbly surface.—The word “rubbly” is in the map

unit name.

Cobbly surface.—The word “cobbly” is in the map

unit name.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 201

Forest Land Harvest Equipment Considerations

(Only the soils suitable for commercial production of trees are listed. See

 text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

______________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest land harvest equipment

 soil name | considerations ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

77: |

 Garnes-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

116: |

 Redby--------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

117: |

 Cormant------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

482: |

 Grygla-------------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | Wetness

 |

794: |

 Clearriver---------------| Poor traction (loose sandy material)

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

Forest Haul Road Considerations

(Only the soils suitable for commercial production of trees are listed. See

 text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

______________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest haul road

 soil name | considerations ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

77: |

 Garnes-------------------| Low bearing strength

 |

116: |

 Redby--------------------| Wetness

 |

117: |

 Cormant------------------| Wetness

 |

482: |

 Grygla-------------------| Wetness

 |

794: |

 Clearriver---------------| No major considerations or hazards

 | ______________________________________________________________________________
202

Forest Log Landing Considerations

(Only the soils suitable for commercial production of trees are listed. See

 text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

______________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Forest log landing

 soil name | considerations ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

77: |

 Garnes-------------------| Susceptible to rutting and wheel slippage

 |

116: |

 Redby--------------------| Wetness

 |

117: |

 Cormant------------------| Wetness

 |

482: |

 Grygla-------------------| Wetness

 |

794: |

 Clearriver---------------| No major considerations or hazards

 | ______________________________________________________________________________

Forest Land Site Preparation and Planting Considerations

(Only the soils suitable for commercial production of trees are listed. See

 text for a description of the considerations listed in this table)

______________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |

 and | Site preparation and planting

 soil name | considerations ______________________________________________________________________________

 |

 |

77: |

 Garnes-------------------| No major considerations or hazards

 |

116: |

 Redby--------------------| Wetness

 |

117: |

 Cormant------------------| Wetness

 |

482: |

 Grygla-------------------| Wetness

 |

794: |

 Clearriver---------------| No major considerations or hazards

 | ______________________________________________________________________________
203

Glacial Lake Agassiz covered all of the survey area

at one time but did not leave behind any of the deep

recreational lakes that are abundant elsewhere in

Minnesota. Lake Agassiz did leave behind rich, fertile

cropland, concentrated in the western part of the

county, and large marshy areas for birds and wildlife in

the eastern and central parts. Small wooded areas are

scattered in the eastern two-thirds of the county.

Many recreational opportunities are available in the

county on more than 160,000 acres of publicly owned

lands.

Many of the towns in Marshall County have city

parks that provide camping and picnicking facilities.

Some of the larger towns also have swimming pools,

tennis courts, and golf courses for public use.

Florian County Park in central Marshall County has

a lake formed by the Tamarac River. In the summer this

park provides opportunities for swimming, picnicking,

camping, and fishing.

Old Mill State Park, which is 17 miles northeast of

Warren, offers much in the way of recreational

opportunities. The park is located on partially wooded

rises adjacent to the Middle River. Part of the park has

been restored to natural prairie. This area supports

native grasses and wildflowers. In the summer a

swimming beach, hiking trails, picnic areas, and

camping areas are open. In the winter, Old Mill is a

popular spot for sledding, cross-country skiing, and

snowmobiling. Scheduled naturalist activities are held

throughout the year, including special times when the

old mill is operated.

Hunting is a popular sport in Marshall County. There

are several State wildlife areas. Hunting seasons for

deer, moose, bear, waterfowl, grouse, and partridge are

in the fall.

The Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge is operated by

the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in east-central

Marshall County. Foot and auto trails, a lookout tower,

and a visitor center are open seasonally for viewing of

birds and wildlife.

A snowmobile trail network is set up throughout the

county. Snowmobiling is a very popular winter sport.

The soils of the survey area are rated in the table

“Recreational Development” according to limitations

that affect their suitability for recreation. The ratings are

based on restrictive soil features, such as wetness,

slope, and texture of the surface layer. Susceptibility to

flooding is considered. Not considered in the ratings,

but important in evaluating a site, are the location and

accessibility of the area, the size and shape of the

area and its scenic quality, the ability of the soil to

support vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and either access to public sewer

lines or the capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank

effluent. Soils subject to flooding are limited, in varying

degrees, for recreational uses by the duration of

flooding and the season when it occurs. Onsite

assessment of the height, duration, intensity, and

frequency of flooding is essential in planning

recreational facilities.

Camp areas are tracts of land used intensively as

sites for tents, trailers, and campers and for outdoor

activities that accompany such sites. These areas

require site preparation, such as shaping and leveling

the tent and parking areas, stabilizing roads and

intensively used areas, and installing sanitary facilities

and utility lines. Camp areas are subject to heavy foot

traffic and some vehicular traffic. The soils are rated on

the basis of soil properties that influence the ease of

developing camp areas and performance of the areas

after development. Also considered are the soil

properties that influence trafficability and promote the

growth of vegetation after heavy use.

Picnic areas are natural or landscaped tracts of land

that are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most vehicular

traffic is confined to access roads and parking areas.

The soils are rated on the basis of soil properties that

influence the cost of shaping the site, trafficability, and

the growth of vegetation after development. The

surface of picnic areas should absorb rainfall readily,

remain firm under heavy foot traffic, and not be dusty

when dry.

Playgrounds are areas used intensively for baseball,

football, or similar activities. These areas require a

nearly level soil that is free of stones and that can

withstand heavy foot traffic and maintain an adequate

cover of vegetation. The soils are rated on the basis of

soil properties that influence the cost of shaping the

Recreation
204 Soil Survey of

site, trafficability, and the growth of vegetation. Slope

and stoniness are the main concerns in developing

playgrounds. The surface of the playgrounds should

absorb rainfall readily, remain firm under heavy foot

traffic, and not be dusty when dry.

Paths and trails are areas used for hiking and

horseback riding. The areas should require little or no

cutting and filling during site preparation. The soils are

rated on the basis of soil properties that influence

trafficability and erodibility. Paths and trails should

remain firm under foot traffic and not be dusty when

dry.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil

for tees or greens is not considered in rating the soils.

The interpretive ratings in this table help engineers,

planners, and others to understand how soil properties

influence recreational uses. Ratings for proposed uses

are given in terms of limitations. Only the most

restrictive features are listed. Other features may limit

a specific recreational use.

The degree of soil limitation is expressed as slight,

moderate, or severe.

Slight means that soil properties are favorable for

the rated use. The limitations are minor and can be

easily overcome. Good performance and low

maintenance are expected.

Moderate means that soil properties are moderately

favorable for the rated use. The limitations can be

overcome or modified by special planning, design, or

maintenance. During some part of the year, the

expected performance may be less desirable than that

of soils rated slight.

Severe means that soil properties are unfavorable

for the rated use. Examples of limitations are slope,

bedrock near the surface, flooding, and a seasonal

high water table. These limitations generally require

major soil reclamation, special design, or intensive

maintenance. Overcoming the limitations generally is

difficult and costly.

The information in the table “Recreational

Development” can be supplemented by other

information in this survey, for example, interpretations

for dwellings without basements and for local roads

and streets in the table “Building Site Development”

and interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in

the table “Sanitary Facilities.”
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 205

Recreational Development

(See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil

 was not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate

 the need for onsite investigation)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

47: | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

57A: | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | too clayey, | wetness, | wetness,

 | too clayey. | too clayey. | wetness. | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | | | | |

58: | | | | |

 Kittson---------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | | |

59: | | | | |

 Grimstad--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | | |

65: | | | | |

 Foxhome---------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | | |

66: | | | | |

 Flaming---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

67B: | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

77: | | | | |

 Garnes----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

93A: | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

111: | | | | |

 Hangaard--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

116: | | | | |

 Redby-----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | wetness, | too sandy, | wetness, | wetness,

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | wetness. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

117: | | | | |

 Cormant---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

145: | | | | |

 Enstrom---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | droughty.

 | | | | |
206 Soil Survey of

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

148: | | | | |

 Poppleton-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

157A: | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding. | too clayey. | too clayey, | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | | | flooding. | |

 | | | | |

157B: | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding. | too clayey. | slope, | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | | | too clayey, | |

 | | | flooding. | |

 | | | | |

184A: | | | | |

 Hamerly---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

187: | | | | |

 Haug------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

205: | | | | |

 Karlstad--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

236: | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

242B: | | | | |

 Marquette-------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Severe:

 | | | slope, | | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

258B: | | | | |

 Sandberg--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------------|Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

280: | | | | |

 Pelan-----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

372: | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

379: | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

383: | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

384: | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

387: | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 207

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

412: | | | | |

 Mavie-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

418: | | | | |

 Lamoure---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | |

 | | | | |

426: | | | | |

 Foldahl---------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

429A: | | | | |

 Northcote-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | too clayey. | too clayey, | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | too clayey. | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

432: | | | | |

 Strandquist-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

435: | | | | |

 Syrene----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

439: | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

481: | | | | |

 Kratka----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

482: | | | | |

 Grygla----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

514: | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

540: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

541: | | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

543: | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

544: | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |
208 Soil Survey of

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

546: | | | | |

 Lupton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | excess humus, | wetness, | wetness,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

547: | | | | |

 Deerwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

550: | | | | |

 Dora------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

563: | | | | |

 Northwood-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

565: | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight.

 | wetness, | wetness, | small stones. | too sandy. |

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | | |

 | | | | |

582: | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

583: | | | | |

 Nereson---------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

630: | | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

641: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | too clayey. | too clayey, | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | too clayey. | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

642: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

643: | | | | |

 Huot------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

644: | | | | |

 Boash-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

645: | | | | |

 Espelie---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | | percs slowly. | | | droughty.

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 209

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

647: | | | | |

 Hilaire---------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | small stones. | | droughty.

 | | | | |

648: | | | | |

 Newfolden-------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | | |

649: | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

650: | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

651: | | | | |

 Thiefriver------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

652: | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | | percs slowly. | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

653: | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

708: | | | | |

 Rushlake--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | small stones, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

712: | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

713: | | | | |

 Linveldt--------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

721B: | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

765: | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

794: | | | | |

 Clearriver------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | small stones, | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

935: | | | | |

 Hegne-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | too clayey, | wetness, | wetness,

 | too clayey. | too clayey. | wetness. | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | too clayey, | wetness, | wetness,

 | too clayey. | too clayey. | wetness. | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | | | | |
210 Soil Survey of

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

936: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 Reis------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

937: | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | too clayey, | wetness, | wetness,

 | percs slowly. | too clayey, | wetness, | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | |

 | | | | |

 Northcote-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | too clayey. | too clayey, | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | too clayey. | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

972: | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1006: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | flooding. | | flooding.

 | | | | |

 Haploborolls----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding, | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | |

 | | | | |

1030: | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope, | slope, | slope, | too sandy, | slope.

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope. |

 | | | | |

1031: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1143: | | | | |

 Berner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1144: | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

 Kratka----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 211

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

1146: | | | | |

 Northwood-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1158: | | | | |

 Skagen----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1170: | | | | |

 Skagen----------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | | | small stones. | |

 | | | | |

1187: | | | | |

 Dora------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1188: | | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1189: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

1191: | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1264: | | | | |

 Ulen------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Slight------------|Moderate:

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

1297: | | | | |

 Augsburg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | percs slowly. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | percs slowly. | |

 | | | | |

1299: | | | | |

 Borup-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1304A: | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

1304B: | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | slope, | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | wetness. | |

 | | | | |

1315A: | | | | |

 Wheatville------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------------|Slight.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | |

 | | | | |

1804: | | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |
212

 Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

1807: | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1808: | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1871: | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding, | ponding, | too clayey, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding, | too clayey. | ponding. | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | too clayey. | | | |

 | | | | |

1874: | | | | |

 Radium----------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty.

 | | | | |

1878: | | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1882: | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Berner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | excess humus, | wetness, | wetness,

 | excess humus. | excess humus. | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus.

 | | | | |

1963: | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

1964: | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | percs slowly. | | |

 | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness, | wetness, | too clayey, | wetness, | wetness,

 | too clayey. | too clayey. | wetness. | too clayey. | too clayey.

 | | | | |

1966: | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
213

George Davis, area wildlife manager, Minnesota Department of

Natural Resources, helped prepare this section.

The conditions of wildlife habitat are related to soil,

climate, and land use. Because farming is the major

land use in Marshall County, wildlife habitat is mainly

limited to the hardwood forested beach ridges and

marshes, the scattered hardwood forests in the

interbeach area, the marginal and organic soils in the

eastern part of the county, scattered woodlots, and

rivers. Wildlife habitat typically exists in areas where

the soils are less suited to agricultural uses.

The soils of western Marshall County are the most

fertile and have been extensively developed for

agricultural use. Only minor areas of wildlife habitat

remain. These consist of scattered small woodlots

and narrow ribbons of habitat along rivers. Wildlife

use in these areas is lower than in other areas

because of the limited and scattered nature of the

habitat. Small numbers of waterfowl and furbearers

use the aquatic habitat along the rivers. The

hardwood-forested banks of the rivers are used by

deer, raccoon, fox, and songbirds. Red fox and

Hungarian partridge are common in the open

farmland.

Most of the beach ridge and interbeach habitats

are in the central part of the county. The diversity of

soil types has led to a good mixture of cropland and

wildlife habitat. The wildlife habitat is a mixture of

mixed hardwood forest, brushland, grass and

herbaceous openings, and scattered wetlands. This

mixture of habitats supports good populations of

deer, moose, grouse, Hungarian partridge, fox,

coyote, and raccoon. Waterfowl, furbearers, and

sandhill cranes use the wetland areas.

Large blocks of habitat are common in the eastern

part of the county. Marginal and organic soils are

common in this area, and many have not been

developed for agriculture. This part of the county

supports large areas of hardwood forests and

scattered conifers. Areas of wetlands and brush are

also extensive. Large numbers of waterfowl use the

developed wetland areas along with deer, moose,

black bear, grey wolf, coyote, fox, furbearers, sandhill

crane, and grouse.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. If

food, cover, or water is missing, inadequate, or

inaccessible, wildlife will be scarce or will not inhabit

the area.

If the soils have potential for habitat development,

wildlife habitat can be created or improved by

planting appropriate vegetation, properly managing

the existing plant cover, and fostering the natural

establishment of desirable plants.

The potential of the soils in the county for providing

important habitat elements and various kinds of wildlife

habitat is given in the table “Wildlife Habitat” at the end

of this section.

Elements of Wildlife Habitat

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and seedproducing herbaceous plants used by wildlife. Examples

are corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, and barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes planted for wildlife

food and cover. Examples are bromegrass, timothy,

orchardgrass, clover, alfalfa, wheatgrass, and

birdsfoot trefoil.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds, that

provide food and cover for wildlife. Examples are

bluestems, indiangrass, blueberry, goldenrod,

lambsquarters, dandelions, blackberry, ragweed,

wheatgrass, and nightshade.

The major soil properties affecting the growth of

grain and forage crops and wild herbaceous plants

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, the amount of water available to plants,

wetness, salinity, and flooding. The length of the

growing season also is important.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce nuts

or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and foliage

that wildlife eat. Examples are oak, poplar, box elder,

birch, maple, green ash, willow, and American elm.

Wildlife Habitat
214 Soil Survey of

Shrubs are bushy woody plants that produce fruit,

buds, twigs, bark, and foliage. Examples of fruitproducing shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils

that have good potential for these plants are hawthorn,

honeysuckle, American plum, redosier dogwood,

chokecherry, serviceberry, silver buffaloberry, and

crabapple.

Coniferous plants are cone-bearing trees, shrubs,

and ground cover that provide habitat or supply food

in the form of browse, seed, or fruit-like cones.

Examples are pine, spruce, cedar, and tamarack.

The major soil properties affecting the growth of

hardwood and coniferous trees and shrubs are depth

of the root zone, the amount of water available to

plants, and wetness.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Wetland plants produce food or cover for wetland

wildlife. Examples of these plants are smartweeds,

wild millet, rushes, sedges, bulrushes, wild rice,

arrowhead, waterplantain, cattail, prairie cordgrass,

bluejoint grass, asters, and beggarticks.

The major soil properties affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, acidity or

alkalinity, and slope.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of

less than 5 feet. They are useful as habitat for some

wildlife species. They are naturally wet areas or are

created by dams, levees, or water-control measures

in marshes or streams. Examples are waterfowl

feeding areas, wildlife watering developments, beaver

ponds, and other wildlife ponds.

The major soil properties affecting shallow water

areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, surface

stoniness, slope, and permeability.

Kinds of Wildlife Habitat

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown

with grasses, herbs, and shrubs. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. The wildlife attracted to

these areas include Hungarian partridge, ring-necked

pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse, meadowlark, field

sparrow, killdeer, cottontail rabbit, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

hardwoods or conifers or a mixture of these and

associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous

plants. The wildlife attracted to this habitat include

wild turkey, ruffed grouse, thrushes, woodpeckers,

owls, tree squirrels, porcupine, raccoon, white-tailed

deer, black bear, and moose.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open,

marshy or swampy, shallow water areas, bogs, or

flood plains that support water-tolerant plants. The

wildlife attracted to this habitat include ducks, geese,

herons, bitterns, rails, kingfishers, muskrat, otter,

mink, and beaver.

Habitat for rangeland wildlife consists of areas of

shrubs and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted

to rangeland include pronghorn antelope, mule deer,

coyote, sharp-tailed grouse, greater prairie chicken,

meadowlark, gopher, and lark bunting.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 215

Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "very poor." Absence of an entry indicates that

 the soil was not rated)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | | Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Shrubs|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland| land

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous| |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | | areas | life | life | life | life ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

58: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kittson---------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Flaming---------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

77: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Garnes----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

116: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Redby-----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Good | --- |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

117: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cormant---------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

145: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Enstrom---------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

148: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Poppleton-------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

157A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

157B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

187: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haug------------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
216 Soil Survey of

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | | Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Shrubs|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland| land

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous| |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | | areas | life | life | life | life ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

205: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Karlstad--------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------|Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

280: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pelan-----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Poor |Good |Fair |Good |Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | poor. | | | | | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

383: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

418: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lamoure---------|Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

429A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

432: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strandquist-----|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Syrene----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor | --- |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

482: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Grygla----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 217

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | | Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Shrubs|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland| land

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous| |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | | areas | life | life | life | life ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

514: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Very |Fair |Good |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

546: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------|Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good |Poor.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

550: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------|Very |Very |Very |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Good |Fair |Good |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

583: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nereson---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

630: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Huot------------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

644: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Boash-----------|Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair | --- |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Espelie---------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
218 Soil Survey of

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | | Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Shrubs|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland| land

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous| |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | | areas | life | life | life | life ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

648: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Newfolden-------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

649: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

652: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

653: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

708: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rushlake--------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

721B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very | ---

 | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair | --- |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

794: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearriver------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Fair |Very |Good |Good |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | poor. | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

936: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reis------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

937: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------|Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor | --- |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

972: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Good |Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Good |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 219

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | | Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Shrubs|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland| land

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous| |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | | areas | life | life | life | life ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very |Fair.

 | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1031: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very | --- |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1143: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------|Very |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1146: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1158: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1170: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1187: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very | --- |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1188: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very | --- |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1189: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor | --- |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1191: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair | --- |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ulen------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
220

 Wildlife Habitat--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements | Potential as habitat for-- ______________________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | | Range-

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Shrubs|Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland| land

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous| |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- | wild-

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | | areas | life | life | life | life ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wheatville------|Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1804: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good |Poor.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1807: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very | --- |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1808: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very | --- |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good | ---

 | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | | poor. | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Very |Poor |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor | --- |Fair |Poor.

 | poor. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Radium----------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor | --- |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very |Poor |Good |Poor.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | poor. | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------|Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor.

 | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Fair.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Good |Good |Fair | --- | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor.

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1966: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Poor |Good |Fair |Good |Very |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair |Fair.

 | | | | | poor. | | | | | poor. | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
221

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and

the most limiting features are identified. Ratings are

given for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the estimated data and test data in the

“Soil Properties” section.

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has

limitations. For example, estimates and other data

generally apply only to that part of the soil within a

depth of 5 or 6 feet. Because of the map scale, small

areas of different soils may be included within the

mapped areas of a specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced

in the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this

soil survey, determinations were made about grainsize distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil

reaction, depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock

within 5 or 6 feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth

to a seasonal high water table, slope, likelihood of

flooding, natural soil structure aggregation, and soil

density. Data were collected about kinds of clay

minerals, mineralogy of the sand and silt fractions,

and the kinds of adsorbed cations. Estimates were

made for erodibility, permeability, corrosivity, shrinkswell potential, available water capacity, and other

behavioral characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and

topsoil; plan drainage systems, irrigation systems,

ponds, terraces, and other structures for soil and

water conservation; and predict performance of

proposed small structures and pavements by

comparing the performance of existing similar

structures on the same or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided

in this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

The table “Building Site Development” shows the

degree and kind of soil limitations that affect shallow

excavations, dwellings with and without basements,

small commercial buildings, local roads and streets,

and lawns and landscaping. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features

generally are favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate

if soil properties or site features are not favorable for

the indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site

features are so unfavorable or so difficult to

overcome that special design, significant increases

in construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required. Special feasibility studies

may be required where the soil limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to

a maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements,

graves, utility lines, open ditches, and other

purposes. The ratings are based on soil properties,

Engineering
222 Soil Survey of

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

The ease of digging, filling, and compacting is

affected by the depth to bedrock, a cemented pan, or

a very firm dense layer; stone content; soil texture;

and slope. The time of the year that excavations can

be made is affected by the depth to a seasonal high

water table and the susceptibility of the soil to

flooding. The resistance of the excavation walls or

banks to sloughing or caving is affected by soil

texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on

undisturbed soil. The load limit is the same as that for

single-family dwellings no higher than three stories.

Ratings are made for small commercial buildings

without basements, for dwellings with basements,

and for dwellings without basements. The ratings are

based on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, depth

to bedrock, large stones, and flooding affect the ease

of excavation and construction. Landscaping and

grading that require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6

feet are not considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather

surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all

year. They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material;

a base of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil

material; and a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills

generally are limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings

are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock

or to a cemented pan, a high water table, flooding,

large stones, and slope affect the ease of excavating

and grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil), shrink-swell

potential, potential for frost action, and depth to a

high water table affect the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance

of the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock, the available water capacity in the upper 40

inches, and the content of salts affect plant growth.

Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and the amount

of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer

affect trafficability after vegetation is established.

Sanitary Facilities

The table “Sanitary Facilities” shows the degree

and the kind of soil limitations that affect septic tank

absorption fields, sewage lagoons, and sanitary

landfills. It also shows the suitability of the soils for

use as a daily cover for landfill.

Soil properties are important in selecting sites for

sanitary facilities and in identifying limiting soil

properties and site features to be considered in

planning, design, and installation. Soil limitation

ratings of slight, moderate, or severe are given for

septic tank absorption fields, sewage lagoons, and

trench and area sanitary landfills. Soil suitability

ratings of good, fair, and poor are given for daily

cover for landfill.

A rating of slight or good indicates that the soils

have no limitations or that the limitations can be

easily overcome. Good performance and low

maintenance can be expected. A rating of moderate

or fair indicates that the limitations should be

recognized but generally can be overcome by good

management or special design. A rating of severe or

poor indicates that overcoming the limitations is

difficult or impractical. Increased maintenance may

be required.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

subsurface systems of tile or perforated pipe

distribute effluent from a septic tank into the natural

soil. The centerline of the tile is assumed to be at a

depth of 24 inches. Only the part of the soil between

depths of 24 and 60 inches is considered in making

the ratings. The soil properties and site features

considered are those that affect the absorption of the

effluent, those that affect the construction and

maintenance of the system, and those that may affect

public health.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock,

and flooding affect absorption of the effluent. Large

stones and bedrock or a cemented pan interfere with

installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and

hillside seepage, can affect public health. Ground

water can be polluted if highly permeable sand and

gravel or fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below

the base of the absorption field, if slope is excessive,

or if the water table is near the surface. There must

be unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption

field to filter the effluent effectively. Many local

ordinances require that this material be of a certain

thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 223

nearly level floor surrounded by cut slopes or

embankments of compacted, relatively impervious

soil material. Aerobic lagoons generally are designed

to hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet.

Relatively impervious soil material for the lagoon

floor and sides is desirable to minimize seepage and

contamination of local ground water.

The table “Sanitary Facilities” gives ratings for the

natural soil that makes up the lagoon floor. The

surface layer and, generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil

material below the surface layer are excavated to

provide material for the embankments. The ratings

are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. Considered in the

ratings are slope, permeability, a high water table,

depth to bedrock, flooding, large stones, and content

of organic matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter

is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope and bedrock

can cause construction problems, and large stones

can hinder compaction of the lagoon floor.

Trench sanitary landfill is an area where solid

waste is disposed of by placing refuse in successive

layers in an excavated trench. The waste is spread,

compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil

that is excavated from the trench. When the trench is

full, a final cover of soil material at least 2 feet thick

is placed over the landfill. Soil properties that

influence the risk of pollution, the ease of excavation,

trafficability, and revegetation are the major

considerations in rating the soils.

Area sanitary landfill is an area where solid waste

is disposed of by placing refuse in successive layers

on the surface of the soil. The waste is spread,

compacted, and covered daily with a thin layer of soil

that is imported from a source away from the site. A

final cover of soil at least 2 feet thick is placed over

the completed landfill. Soil properties that influence

trafficability, revegetation, and the risk of pollution are

the main considerations in rating the soils for area

sanitary landfills.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. The ratings in the table “Sanitary

Facilities” are based on soil properties, site features,

and observed performance of the soils. Permeability,

depth to bedrock, a high water table, slope, and

flooding affect both types of landfill. Texture, stones

and boulders, highly organic layers, soil reaction, and

content of salts affect trench type landfills. Unless

otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that part of

the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper

trenches, a limitation rated slight or moderate may

not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

The suitability of a soil for use as cover is based on

properties that affect workability and the ease of

digging, moving, and spreading the material over the

refuse daily during both wet and dry periods.

Soil texture, wetness, rock fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the

material during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty

soils that are free of large stones or excess gravel

are the best cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are

sticky or cloddy and are difficult to spread; sandy

soils are subject to wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock or the water table to permit

revegetation. The soil material used as final cover for

a landfill should be suitable for plants. The surface

layer generally has the best workability, more organic

matter, and the best potential for plants. Material from

the surface layer should be stockpiled for use as the

final cover.

Waste Management

Soil properties are important when organic waste

is applied as fertilizer and wastewater is applied in

irrigated areas. They also are important when the soil

is used as a medium for the treatment and disposal

of the organic waste and wastewater. Unfavorable

soil properties can result in environmental damage.

The use of organic waste and wastewater as

production resources results in energy and resource

conservation and minimizes the problems associated

with waste disposal. If disposal is the goal, applying a

maximum amount of the organic waste or the

wastewater to a minimal area holds costs to a

minimum and environmental damage is the main

hazard. If reuse is the goal, a minimum amount

should be applied to a maximum area and

environmental damage is unlikely.

Interpretations developed for waste management

may include ratings for manure- and food-processing

waste, municipal sewage sludge, use of wastewater

for irrigation, and treatment of wastewater by slow

rate, overland flow, and rapid infiltration processes.
224 Soil Survey of

Specific information regarding waste management

is available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative

Extension Service.

Construction Materials

The table “Construction Materials” gives

information about the soils as a source of roadfill,

sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils are rated good,

fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and topsoil. They

are rated as a probable or improbable source of sand

and gravel.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In the table “Construction Materials,” the soils

are rated as a source of roadfill for low

embankments, generally less than 6 feet high and

less exacting in design than higher embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information can

help to determine the suitability of each layer for use

as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is

stabilized with lime or cement is not considered in

the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major

consideration. The ease of excavation is affected by

large stones, a high water table, and slope. How well

the soil performs in place after it has been

compacted and drained is determined by its strength

(as inferred from the engineering classification of the

soil) and shrink-swell potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel, or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and claysized particles and have a plasticity index of less

than 10. They have a moderate shrink-swell potential,

slopes of 15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to

the water table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have

one or more of the following characteristics: a

plasticity index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell

potential, many stones, or slopes of more than 25

percent. They are wet and have a water table at a

depth of less than 1 foot. They may have layers of

suitable material, but the material is less than 3 feet

thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable

for commercial use with a minimum of processing.

They are used in many kinds of construction.

Specifications for each use vary widely. In the table

“Construction Materials,” only the probability of

finding material in suitable quantity in or below the

soil is evaluated. The suitability of the material for

specific purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors

that affect excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a

source of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes

(as indicated by the engineering classification of the

soil), the thickness of suitable material, and the

content of rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and

stratification are given in the soil series descriptions.

Gradation of grain sizes is given in the table on

engineering index properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that

is as much as 12 percent silty fines. This material

must be at least 3 feet thick and less than 50

percent, by weight, large stones. All other soils are

rated as an improbable source. Fragments of soft

bedrock, such as shale and siltstone, are not

considered to be sand and gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating,

loading, and spreading is affected by rock fragments,

slope, a water table, soil texture, and thickness of

suitable material. Reclamation of the borrow area is

affected by slope, a water table, rock fragments,

bedrock, and toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to

fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15

percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 225

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have

less than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have

slopes of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal

high water table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils generally is

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

The table “Water Management” gives information

on the soil properties and site features that affect

water management. The degree and kind of soil

limitations are given for pond reservoir areas;

embankments, dikes, and levees; and aquifer-fed

excavated ponds. The limitations are considered

slight if soil properties and site features generally are

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and are easily overcome; moderate if soil

properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site

features are so unfavorable or so difficult to

overcome that special design, significant increase in

construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability

of the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In the table “Water Management,”

the soils are rated as a source of material for

embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil material

below the surface layer to a depth of about 5 feet. It is

assumed that soil layers will be uniformly mixed and

compacted during construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even more than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the

embankment. Generally, deeper onsite investigation

is needed to determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a

high content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or

salts or sodium. A high water table affects the

amount of usable material. It also affects trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content

of large stones affect the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock or to other layers that affect the rate of water

movement; permeability; depth to a high water table

or depth of standing water if the soil is subject to

ponding; slope; susceptibility to flooding; subsidence

of organic layers; and the potential for frost action.

Excavating and grading and the stability of

ditchbanks are affected by depth to bedrock, large

stones, slope, and the hazard of cutbanks caving.

The productivity of the soil after drainage is

adversely affected by extreme acidity or by toxic

substances in the root zone, such as salts.

Availability of drainage outlets is not considered in

the ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock. The performance of a system

is affected by the depth of the root zone, the amount

of salts, and soil reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff.

Slope, wetness, large stones, and depth to

bedrock affect the construction of terraces and

diversions. A restricted rooting depth, a severe

hazard of wind erosion or water erosion, an
226 Soil Survey of

excessively coarse texture, and restricted

permeability adversely affect maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity.

Large stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock

affect the construction of grassed waterways. A

hazard of wind erosion, low available water capacity,

restricted rooting depth, toxic substances (such as

salts), and restricted permeability adversely affect

the growth and maintenance of the grass after

construction.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 227

Building Site Development

(See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was

 not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the

 need for onsite investigation)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

47: | | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness,

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | too clayey.

 | | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | | |

58: | | | | | |

 Kittson---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | frost action. |

 | | | shrink-swell. | | |

 | | | | | |

59: | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

65: | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

66: | | | | | |

 Flaming---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | low strength, | wetness.

 | | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | low strength, | wetness.

 | | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell, | frost action. |

 | | | | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

77: | | | | | |

 Garnes----------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | low strength, | wetness.

 | | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

111: | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

116: | | | | | |

 Redby-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |
228 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

117: | | | | | |

 Cormant---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

145: | | | | | |

 Enstrom---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness, | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | shrink-swell. | | |

 | | | | | |

148: | | | | | |

 Poppleton-------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

157A: | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | shrink-swell, | too clayey.

 | flooding. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

157B: | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | shrink-swell, | too clayey.

 | flooding. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

187: | | | | | |

 Haug------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding,

 | | | | | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

205: | | | | | |

 Karlstad--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

236: | | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | |

 Marquette-------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

280: | | | | | |

 Pelan-----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

372: | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 229

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

379: | | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

383: | | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

384: | | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

387: | | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | low strength, | ponding.

 | | | | | ponding, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

412: | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

418: | | | | | |

 Lamoure---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | low strength, | wetness.

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, |

 | | | | | flooding. |

 | | | | | |

426: | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness, | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | shrink-swell. | | |

 | | | | | |

429A: | | | | | |

 Northcote-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | too clayey.

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

432: | | | | | |

 Strandquist-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

435: | | | | | |

 Syrene----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

439: | | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

481: | | | | | |

 Kratka----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
230 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

482: | | | | | |

 Grygla----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

514: | | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | | low strength. | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

540: | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

541: | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

543: | | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | low strength. | | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

544: | | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | excess humus.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

546: | | | | | |

 Lupton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | wetness,

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | excess humus.

 | | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

547: | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding,

 | ponding. | | | | | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

550: | | | | | |

 Dora------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | | low strength. | shrink-swell. | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

563: | | | | | |

 Northwood-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | | | | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

565: | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. |

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 231

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

582: | | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

583: | | | | | |

 Nereson---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

630: | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | shrink-swell, | ponding,

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | excess humus.

 | | | | | ponding. |

 | | | | | |

641: | | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | too clayey.

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

642: | | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness.

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

643: | | | | | |

 Huot------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | shrink-swell. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

644: | | | | | |

 Boash-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness.

 | | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

645: | | | | | |

 Espelie---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness,

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | droughty.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

647: | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | shrink-swell. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

648: | | | | | |

 Newfolden-------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

649: | | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

650: | | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

651: | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | shrink-swell. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |
232 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

652: | | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | frost action. | wetness,

 | wetness. | | shrink-swell. | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

653: | | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

708: | | | | | |

 Rushlake--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

712: | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

713: | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

721B: | | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

765: | | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

794: | | | | | |

 Clearriver------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

935: | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness,

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | too clayey.

 | | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness,

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | too clayey.

 | | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | | |

936: | | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness.

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Reis------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness.

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 233

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

937: | | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness,

 | wetness. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | too clayey.

 | | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | | |

 Northcote-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | too clayey.

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

972: | | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding, | flooding.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | slope. | slope.

 | | slope. | slope. | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | slope. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1031: | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | low strength. | low strength. | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

1143: | | | | | |

 Berner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | low strength. | | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | low strength. | | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Kratka----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | ponding. | | | | |

 | | | | | |
234 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1146: | | | | | |

 Northwood-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | | | | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

1158: | | | | | |

 Skagen----------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1170: | | | | | |

 Skagen----------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | wetness. | | wetness. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1187: | | | | | |

 Dora------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | low strength. | shrink-swell. | low strength. | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

1188: | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | shrink-swell, | ponding,

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | excess humus.

 | | | | | ponding. |

 | | | | | |

1189: | | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | shrink-swell, | ponding.

 | ponding. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, |

 | | | | | ponding. |

 | | | | | |

1191: | | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | |

 Ulen------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | frost action. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | shrink-swell. | | |

 | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | |

 Borup-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | frost action. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | frost action. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | slope. | |

 | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | |

 Wheatville------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Slight.

 | cutbanks cave.| | shrink-swell. | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 235

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1804: | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding,

 | | | | | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

1807: | | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding,

 | ponding. | | | | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

1808: | | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding,

 | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus.

 | ponding. | low strength. | | low strength. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | shrink-swell, | ponding,

 | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | low strength, | too clayey.

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | ponding. |

 | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | |

 Radium----------|Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe:

 | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | | droughty.

 | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding, | ponding,

 | | | | | frost action. | excess humus.

 | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Berner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | wetness,

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | excess humus.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | low strength, | wetness.

 | | shrink-swell. | | shrink-swell. | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness.

 | | | | | frost action. |

 | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness,

 | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | too clayey.

 | | | | | wetness. |

 | | | | | |
236 Soil Survey of

 Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1966: | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness,

 | wetness. | | | | frost action. | droughty.

 | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | | | |

 | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 237

Sanitary Facilities

(Some restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "fair," and

 other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The information in this table

 indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

47: | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

57A: | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

58: | | | | |

 Kittson---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

59: | | | | |

 Grimstad--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | poor filter. | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

65: | | | | |

 Foxhome---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | too clayey,

 | | wetness. | | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

66: | | | | |

 Flaming---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | hard to pack.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

67B: | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | slope. | wetness. | wetness. | hard to pack.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

77: | | | | |

 Garnes----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

93A: | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | hard to pack.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

111: | | | | |

 Hangaard--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |
238 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

116: | | | | |

 Redby-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

117: | | | | |

 Cormant---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

145: | | | | |

 Enstrom---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | | wetness. | wetness.

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

148: | | | | |

 Poppleton-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

157A: | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack.

 | | | | |

157B: | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack.

 | | | | |

184A: | | | | |

 Hamerly---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

187: | | | | |

 Haug------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding. | seepage, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | excess humus, | | |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

205: | | | | |

 Karlstad--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

236: | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

242B: | | | | |

 Marquette-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 239

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

258B: | | | | |

 Sandberg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

280: | | | | |

 Pelan-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | poor filter. | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | | | | |

372: | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

379: | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

383: | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

384: | | | | |

 Percy-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | | | | |

387: | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

412: | | | | |

 Mavie-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

418: | | | | |

 Lamoure---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | hard to pack,

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

426: | | | | |

 Foldahl---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | | wetness. | small stones,

 | poor filter. | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

429A: | | | | |

 Northcote-------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

432: | | | | |

 Strandquist-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness. | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | wetness. | | |

 | | | | |
240 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

435: | | | | |

 Syrene----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

439: | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

481: | | | | |

 Kratka----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

482: | | | | |

 Grygla----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

514: | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | ponding,

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

540: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

541: | | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

543: | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

544: | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

546: | | | | |

 Lupton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | wetness,

 | wetness, | excess humus, | wetness, | wetness. | excess humus.

 | percs slowly. | wetness. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 241

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

547: | | | | |

 Deerwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | | ponding. | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

550: | | | | |

 Dora------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | too clayey. | ponding. | hard to pack,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | | | ponding.

 | | | | |

563: | | | | |

 Northwood-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding. | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

565: | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | seepage. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | too clayey. | | wetness.

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

582: | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

583: | | | | |

 Nereson---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | small stones,

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

630: | | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | ponding.

 | | | | |

641: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

642: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

643: | | | | |

 Huot------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly, | | too clayey. | wetness. | hard to pack.

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

644: | | | | |

 Boash-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |
242 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

645: | | | | |

 Espelie---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | wetness. | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

647: | | | | |

 Hilaire---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly, | | too clayey. | wetness. | hard to pack.

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

648: | | | | |

 Newfolden-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

649: | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | | | | | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

650: | | | | |

 Reiner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey,

 | | | | | small stones,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

651: | | | | |

 Thiefriver------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly, | | too clayey. | wetness. | hard to pack,

 | poor filter. | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

652: | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly, | | too clayey. | wetness. | hard to pack,

 | poor filter. | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

653: | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

708: | | | | |

 Rushlake--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

712: | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

713: | | | | |

 Linveldt--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | too clayey,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 243

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

721B: | | | | |

 Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage,

 | | | too sandy. | | too sandy,

 | | | | | small stones.

 | | | | |

765: | | | | |

 Smiley----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | | |

794: | | | | |

 Clearriver------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

935: | | | | |

 Hegne-----------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

936: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Reis------------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

937: | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Northcote-------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

972: | | | | |

 Roliss----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Vallers---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

1006: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness.

 | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |
244 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

1006: | | | | |

 Haploborolls----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope.

 | | | | |

1030: | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | slope.

 | | | | |

1031: | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding,

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | excess humus.

 | | ponding. | excess humus. | |

 | | | | |

1143: | | | | |

 Berner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | ponding,

 | percs slowly, | excess humus, | excess humus. | ponding. | excess humus.

 | poor filter. | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

1144: | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly, | ponding. | | ponding. |

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Kratka----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly, | ponding. | | ponding. |

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

1146: | | | | |

 Northwood-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding. | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

1158: | | | | |

 Skagen----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | wetness.

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

1170: | | | | |

 Skagen----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | wetness.

 | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. |

 | | | | |

1187: | | | | |

 Dora------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | too clayey. | ponding. | hard to pack,

 | | ponding. | | | ponding.

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 245

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

1188: | | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | ponding.

 | | | | |

1189: | | | | |

 Clearwater------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | ponding.

 | | | | |

1191: | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | small stones.

 | | | | |

1264: | | | | |

 Ulen------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1297: | | | | |

 Augsburg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | wetness. | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

1299: | | | | |

 Borup-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | wetness.

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. |

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1304A: | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1304B: | | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness. | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy,

 | | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1315A: | | | | |

 Wheatville------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | seepage, | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | wetness. | hard to pack.

 | | | | |

1804: | | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

1807: | | | | |

 Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | seepage, | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | excess humus, | | ponding. |

 | | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |
246 Soil Survey of

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

1808: | | | | |

 Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | subsides, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding. | too sandy,

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | too sandy. | | ponding.

 | | | | |

1871: | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | ponding.

 | | | | |

1874: | | | | |

 Radium----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy.

 | | | too sandy. | |

 | | | | |

1878: | | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding. | ponding. | ponding.

 | percs slowly. | ponding. | | |

 | | | | |

1882: | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |

 Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | percs slowly, | wetness. | | wetness. |

 | poor filter. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Berner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage, | wetness.

 | percs slowly, | excess humus, | | wetness. |

 | poor filter. | wetness. | | |

 | | | | |

1963: | | | | |

 Bearden---------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | hard to pack.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

1964: | | | | |

 Colvin----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness.

 | percs slowly. | | | |

 | | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Severe: |Slight------------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey,

 | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack,

 | | | | | wetness.

 | | | | |

1966: | | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 247

 Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill

 | fields | | landfill | landfill | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 | | | | |

1966: | | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage, | seepage,

 | poor filter. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too sandy,

 | | | too sandy. | | wetness.

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
248 Soil Survey of

Construction Materials

(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of

 "good," "fair," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The

 information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

47: | | | |

 Colvin----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

57A: | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

58: | | | |

 Kittson---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | low strength, | | |

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

59: | | | |

 Grimstad--------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | | | |

65: | | | |

 Foxhome---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

66: | | | |

 Flaming---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Bearden---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

67B: | | | |

 Bearden---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

77: | | | |

 Garnes----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

93A: | | | |

 Bearden---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

111: | | | |

 Hangaard--------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | wetness. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

116: | | | |

 Redby-----------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

117: | | | |

 Cormant---------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 249

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

145: | | | |

 Enstrom---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

148: | | | |

 Poppleton-------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

157A: | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

157B: | | | |

 Wahpeton--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

184A: | | | |

 Hamerly---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

187: | | | |

 Haug------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

205: | | | |

 Karlstad--------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | wetness. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

236: | | | |

 Vallers---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

242B: | | | |

 Marquette-------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

258B: | | | |

 Sandberg--------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

280: | | | |

 Pelan-----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

372: | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

379: | | | |

 Percy-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |
250 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

383: | | | |

 Percy-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

384: | | | |

 Percy-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

387: | | | |

 Roliss----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

412: | | | |

 Mavie-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

418: | | | |

 Lamoure---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

426: | | | |

 Foldahl---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

429A: | | | |

 Northcote-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

432: | | | |

 Strandquist-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

435: | | | |

 Syrene----------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

439: | | | |

 Strathcona------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

481: | | | |

 Kratka----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

482: | | | |

 Grygla----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

514: | | | |

 Tacoosh---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 251

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

540: | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

541: | | | |

 Rifle-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

543: | | | |

 Markey----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

544: | | | |

 Cathro----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

546: | | | |

 Lupton----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness, | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | low strength. | | | wetness.

 | | | |

547: | | | |

 Deerwood--------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

550: | | | |

 Dora------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

563: | | | |

 Northwood-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

565: | | | |

 Eckvoll---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy.

 | low strength, | | |

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

582: | | | |

 Roliss----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

583: | | | |

 Nereson---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

630: | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |
252 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

641: | | | |

 Clearwater------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

642: | | | |

 Clearwater------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

643: | | | |

 Huot------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones,

 | low strength. | | | thin layer.

 | | | |

644: | | | |

 Boash-----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | | | |

645: | | | |

 Espelie---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength. | | | small stones.

 | | | |

647: | | | |

 Hilaire---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | low strength. | | | small stones.

 | | | |

648: | | | |

 Newfolden-------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer.

 | | | |

649: | | | |

 Reiner----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

650: | | | |

 Reiner----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

651: | | | |

 Thiefriver------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | low strength, | | |

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

652: | | | |

 Wyandotte-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | low strength. | | | small stones.

 | | | |

653: | | | |

 Smiley----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

708: | | | |

 Rushlake--------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | wetness. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 253

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

712: | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

713: | | | |

 Linveldt--------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

721B: | | | |

 Corliss---------|Good-------------------|Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

765: | | | |

 Smiley----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

794: | | | |

 Clearriver------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |

935: | | | |

 Hegne-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

936: | | | |

 Clearwater------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

 Reis------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

937: | | | |

 Eaglepoint------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

 Northcote-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey.

 | low strength. | | |

 | | | |

972: | | | |

 Roliss----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

 Vallers---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |
254 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

1006: | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

 Haploborolls----|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | slope.

 | slope. | | |

 | | | |

1030: | | | |

 Pits. | | | |

 | | | |

 Udipsamments----|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | slope. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | slope.

 | | | |

1031: | | | |

 Seelyeville-----|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1143: | | | |

 Berner----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess humus. | excess humus. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Markey----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1144: | | | |

 Strathcona------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Kratka----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1146: | | | |

 Northwood-------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1158: | | | |

 Skagen----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

1170: | | | |

 Skagen----------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones.

 | | | |

1187: | | | |

 Dora------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

1188: | | | |

 Wildwood--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 255

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

1189: | | | |

 Clearwater------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

1191: | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Probable---------------|Poor:

 | wetness. | | | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones,

 | | | | area reclaim.

 | | | |

1264: | | | |

 Ulen------------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

1297: | | | |

 Augsburg--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | low strength. | | | thin layer.

 | | | |

1299: | | | |

 Borup-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

1304A: | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer.

 | | | |

1304B: | | | |

 Glyndon---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer.

 | | | |

1315A: | | | |

 Wheatville------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy,

 | low strength. | | | thin layer.

 | | | |

1804: | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

1807: | | | |

 Cathro----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1808: | | | |

 Markey----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1871: | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

1874: | | | |

 Radium----------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | small stones.

 | | | |
256 Soil Survey of

 Construction Materials--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 | | | |

1878: | | | |

 Hamre-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness.

 | | | |

1882: | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Strathcona------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

 Berner----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | |

1963: | | | |

 Bearden---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

 Colvin----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

1964: | | | |

 Colvin----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good.

 | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. |

 | | | |

 Fargo-----------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey,

 | low strength, | | | wetness.

 | wetness. | | |

 | | | |

1966: | | | |

 Rosewood--------|Fair: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy.

 | | | |

 Hamar-----------|Poor: |Probable---------------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy,

 | | | | wetness.

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Water Management (Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions o

 "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The information  indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 47: | | | | | |  Colvin----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | | wetness. | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 57A: | | | | | |  Fargo-----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | slow intake, | percs slo | | wetness. | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 58: | | | | | |  Kittson---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 59: | | | | | |  Grimstad--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | seepage. | piping. | cutbanks cave.| | | wetness,  | | | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 65: | | | | | |  Foxhome---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | cutbanks cave.| | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 66: | | | | | |  Flaming---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | fast intake, | soil blow | | piping. | | | soil blowing. |  | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | |  Bearden---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | | wetness. | slow refill. | | | wetness,  | | | | | | percs slo | | | | | | 67B: | | | | | |  Bearden---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Slope, |Erodes eas | slope. | wetness. | slow refill. | slope. | wetness. | wetness,  | | | | | | percs slo | | | | | | 77: | | | | | |  Garnes----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 93A: | | | | | |  Bearden---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | | wetness. | slow refill. | | | wetness,  | | | | | | percs slo | | | | | | 111: | | | | | |  Hangaard--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | wetness. | | | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 116: | | | | | |  Redby-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 117: | | | | | |  Cormant---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 145: | | | | | |  Enstrom---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping. | slow refill, | | droughty. | wetness.  | | | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 148: | | | | | |  Poppleton-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 157A: | | | | | |  Wahpeton--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slow intake, |Favorable | seepage. | hard to pack. | no water. | | flooding. |  | | | | | | 157B: | | | | | |  Wahpeton--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Favorable | seepage, | hard to pack. | no water. | | slow intake, |  | slope. | | | | flooding. |  | | | | | | 184A: | | | | | |  Hamerly---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | | wetness.  | | | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 187: | | | | | |  Haug------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 205: | | | | | |  Karlstad--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Large ston | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | wetness,  | | piping. | | | fast intake. | too sandy | | | | | | 236: | | | | | |  Vallers---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | | piping, | slow refill. | | | wetness.  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 242B: | | | | | |  Marquette-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 258B: | | | | | |  Sandberg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | droughty. | soil blow | | piping. | | | |  | | | | | | 280: | | | | | |  Pelan-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | droughty. | soil blow | | | slow refill, | | |  | | | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 372: | | | | | |  Hamar-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 379: | | | | | |  Percy-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 383: | | | | | |  Percy-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 384: | | | | | |  Percy-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 387: | | | | | |  Roliss----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 412: | | | | | |  Mavie-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | | droughty, | wetness,  | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 418: | | | | | |  Lamoure---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | flooding. | wetness.  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 426: | | | | | |  Foldahl---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping. | slow refill, | | droughty. | wetness,  | | | cutbanks cave.| | | soil blow | | | | | | 429A: | | | | | |  Northcote-------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | slow intake. | percs slo | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 432: | | | | | |  Strandquist-----|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| | | wetness.  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 435: | | | | | |  Syrene----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | wetness,  | | wetness. | | | soil blowing. | too sandy | | | | | | 439: | | | | | |  Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | | soil blowing. | soil blow | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 481: | | | | | |  Kratka----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | | droughty. | soil blow | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 482: | | | | | |  Grygla----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | | soil blowing. | wetness,  | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | | soil blow | | | | | | 514: | | | | | |  Tacoosh---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | subsides, | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | | frost action. | |  | | | | | | 540: | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | subsides, | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | | frost action. | |  | | | | | | 541: | | | | | |  Rifle-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 543: | | | | | |  Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | subsides, | soil blowing. | too sandy | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| frost action. | | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 544: | | | | | |  Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | subsides, | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | | frost action. | |  | | | | | | 546: | | | | | |  Lupton----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Subsides, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | soil blowing. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 547: | | | | | |  Deerwood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| subsides, | soil blowing. | too sandy | | piping, | | cutbanks cave.| | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 550: | | | | | |  Dora------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | ponding. | slow refill. | percs slowly, | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | | subsides. | percs slowly. | percs slo | | | | | | 563: | | | | | |  Northwood-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| subsides, | soil blowing, | ponding,  | | ponding. | | frost action. | rooting depth.| soil blow | | | | | | 565: | | | | | |  Eckvoll---------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | no water. | | fast intake, | wetness,  | | wetness. | | | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 582: | | | | | |  Roliss----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 583: | | | | | |  Nereson---------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | deep to water,| | soil blowing. | soil blow | | piping. | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 630: | | | | | |  Wildwood--------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | | frost action. | percs slowly. | percs slo | | | | | | 641: | | | | | |  Clearwater------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | slow intake, | percs slo | | wetness. | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 642: | | | | | |  Clearwater------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | percs slowly. | percs slo | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 643: | | | | | |  Huot------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | hard to pack. | slow refill, | frost action. | droughty. | soil blow | | | cutbanks cave.| | | percs slo | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 644: | | | | | |  Boash-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | percs slowly. |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 645: | | | | | |  Espelie---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | wetness. | slow refill, | frost action. | droughty, | soil blow | | | cutbanks cave.| | soil blowing. | percs slo | | | | | | 647: | | | | | |  Hilaire---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | hard to pack. | slow refill, | frost action. | droughty, | soil blow | | | cutbanks cave.| | fast intake. | percs slo | | | | | | 648: | | | | | |  Newfolden-------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness-- | seepage. | piping. | slow refill. | frost action. | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 649: | | | | | |  Reiner----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | fast intake, | soil blow | | | slow refill. | | soil blowing. |  | | | | | | 650: | | | | | |  Reiner----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 651: | | | | | |  Thiefriver------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | wetness. | slow refill, | frost action. | droughty, | soil blow | | | cutbanks cave.| | soil blowing. | percs slo | | | | | | 652: | | | | | |  Wyandotte-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | hard to pack, | slow refill, | frost action. | droughty, | percs slo | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 653: | | | | | |  Smiley----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 708: | | | | | |  Rushlake--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage. | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | too sandy | | | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 712: | | | | | |  Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | too sandy | | piping, | | | | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 713: | | | | | |  Linveldt--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness,  | seepage. | piping. | cutbanks cave.| | | soil blow | | | | | | 721B: | | | | | |  Corliss---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy | seepage. | seepage. | no water. | | droughty, | soil blow | | | | | fast intake. |  | | | | | | 765: | | | | | |  Smiley----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 794: | | | | | |  Clearriver------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage. | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 935: | | | | | |  Hegne-----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | wetness. | slow refill. | | slow intake, | percs slo | | | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | |  Fargo-----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | slow intake, | percs slo | | wetness. | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 936: | | | | | |  Clearwater------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | percs slowly. | percs slo | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Reis------------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | percs slowly. | percs slo | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 937: | | | | | |  Eaglepoint------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | | slow intake, | percs slo | | wetness. | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 937: | | | | | |  Northcote-------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | slow intake. | percs slo | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 972: | | | | | |  Roliss----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | |  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Vallers---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | | piping, | slow refill. | | | wetness.  | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 1006: | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| frost action, | flooding. | too sandy | | wetness. | | cutbanks cave.| |  | | | | | |  Haploborolls----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope----------|Slope---- | slope. | piping. | no water. | | |  | | | | | | 1030: | | | | | |  Pits. | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Udipsamments----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope,  | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 1031: | | | | | |  Seelyeville-----|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1143: | | | | | |  Berner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | excess humus, | slow refill, | subsides, | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | cutbanks cave.| frost action. | rooting depth.|  | | | | | |  Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | subsides, | soil blowing. | too sandy | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| frost action. | | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1144: | | | | | |  Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | frost action. | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 1144: | | | | | |  Kratka----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding--------|Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | cutbanks cave.| | |  | | | | | | 1146: | | | | | |  Northwood-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| subsides, | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | | frost action. | rooting depth.|  | | | | | | 1158: | | | | | |  Skagen----------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | |  | | | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 1170: | | | | | |  Skagen----------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | |  | | | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 1187: | | | | | |  Dora------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | hard to pack, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | percs slo | | ponding. | | frost action. | |  | | | | | | 1188: | | | | | |  Wildwood--------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | soil blowing, | soil blow | | ponding. | | frost action. | percs slowly. | percs slo | | | | | | 1189: | | | | | |  Clearwater------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | percs slo | | ponding. | | frost action. | |  | | | | | | 1191: | | | | | |  Sahkahtay-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | too sandy | | wetness. | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 1264: | | | | | |  Ulen------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | too sandy | | piping. | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 1297: | | | | | |  Augsburg--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | hard to pack, | slow refill, | frost action. | soil blowing, | soil blow | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | percs slowly. | percs slo | | | | | | 1299: | | | | | |  Borup-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| soil blowing. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 1304A: | | | | | |  Glyndon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| soil blowing. | wetness,  | | wetness. | | | | soil blow | | | | | | 1304B: | | | | | |  Glyndon---------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Slope, |Erodes eas | seepage. | piping, | cutbanks cave.| slope, | wetness, | wetness,  | | wetness. | | cutbanks cave.| soil blowing. | soil blow | | | | | | 1315A: | | | | | |  Wheatville------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | hard to pack. | slow refill, | frost action. | soil blowing. | soil blow | | | cutbanks cave.| | | percs slo | | | | | | 1804: | | | | | |  Hamre-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1807: | | | | | |  Cathro----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding--------|Ponding-- | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | |  | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1808: | | | | | |  Markey----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | seepage, | slow refill, | subsides, | soil blowing. | too sandy | | piping, | cutbanks cave.| frost action. | | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1871: | | | | | |  Fargo-----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | slow intake, | percs slo | | ponding. | | frost action. | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 1874: | | | | | |  Radium----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | | | | | 1878: | | | | | |  Hamre-----------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | frost action. | soil blowing. | soil blow | | ponding. | | | |  | | | | | | 1882: | | | | | |  Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| cutbanks cave.| droughty. | too sandy | | piping, | | | | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | |  Strathcona------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | piping, | slow refill, | | droughty, | soil blow | | wetness. | cutbanks cave.| | soil blowing. |  | | | | | |  Berner----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Subsides, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | wetness. | slow refill, | frost action. | soil blowing, | soil blow | | | cutbanks cave.| | rooting depth.|  | | | | | | 1963: | | | | | |  Bearden---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Erodes eas | | wetness. | slow refill. | | | wetness,  | | | | | | percs slo | | | | | |  Colvin----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | | wetness. | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | | 1964: | | | | | |  Colvin----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Frost action---|Wetness--------|Wetness-- | | wetness. | slow refill. | | |  | | | | | |  Fargo-----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness,  | | hard to pack, | slow refill. | frost action. | slow intake, | percs slo | | wetness. | | | percs slowly. |  | | | | | | 1966: | | | | | |  Rosewood--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty. | too sandy | | piping, | | | | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | 
 Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- __________________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and  | areas | levees | ponds | | | diversio____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |  | | | | | | 1966: | | | | | |  Hamar-----------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Cutbanks cave |Wetness, |Wetness,  | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | droughty, | too sandy | | piping, | | | fast intake. | soil blow | | wetness. | | | |  | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

271

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey. The data and the

estimates of soil and water features listed in tables

are explained on the following pages.

Soil properties are determined by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures

are followed. During the survey, many shallow

borings are made and examined to identify and

classify the soils and to delineate them on the soil

maps. Samples are taken from some typical profiles

and tested in the laboratory to determine grain-size

distribution, plasticity, and compaction

characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from

the survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples

of similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties shown in the

tables include the range of grain-size distribution and

Atterberg limits, the engineering classification, and

the physical and chemical properties of the major

layers of each soil. Pertinent soil and water features

also are given.

Engineering Index Properties

The table “Engineering Index Properties” gives

estimates of the engineering classification and of the

range of index properties for the major layers of each

soil in the survey area. Most soils have layers of

contrasting properties within the upper 5 or 6 feet.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated. The range in depth and information

on other properties of each layer are given in the

series descriptions in Part I of this survey.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil

that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and

less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles

coarser than sand is as much as 15 percent, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according

to the Unified soil classification system (ASTM,

1993) and the system adopted by the American

Association of State Highway and Transportation

Officials (AASHTO, 1986).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to grain-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH,

and OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils

exhibiting engineering properties of two groups can

have a dual classification, for example, SP-SM.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis

of visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and

A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b,

A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an

additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as

subgrade material can be indicated by a group index

number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the

best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the

poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Soil Properties
272 Soil Survey of

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than

3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight.

The sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA

Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420,

and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are

based on laboratory tests of soils sampled in the

survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates

made in the field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey

area or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid

limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation

and Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in

the table.

Physical and Chemical Properties

The tables “Physical Properties of the Soils” and

“Chemical Properties of the Soils” show estimates of

some characteristics and features that affect soil

behavior. These estimates are given for the major

layers of each soil in the survey area. The estimates

are based on field observations and on test data for

these and similar soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated. The range in depth and information

on other properties of each layer are given in the

series descriptions in Part I of this survey.

Clay as a soil separate, or component, consists of

mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002

millimeter in diameter. The estimated clay content of

each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by

weight, of the soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter.

The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the

fertility and physical condition of the soil. They

determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and

to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell

potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil

dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and

kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry)

per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is

at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture

content at 1

/3-bar moisture tension. Weight is

determined after drying the soil at 105 degrees C. In

the table “Physical Properties of the Soils,” the

estimated moist bulk density of each major soil

horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter

of soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute

shrink-swell potential, available water capacity, total

pore space, and other soil properties. The moist bulk

density of a soil indicates the pore space available

for water and roots. A bulk density of more than 1.6

can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist

bulk density is influenced by texture, kind of clay,

content of organic matter, and soil structure.

Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to

transmit water or air. The estimates indicate the rate

of downward movement of water when the soil is

saturated. They are based on soil characteristics

observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity,

and texture. Permeability is considered in the design

of soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption

fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each major soil

layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil

properties that affect the retention of water and the

depth of the root zone. The most important properties

are the content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk

density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is

an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to

be grown and in the design and management of

irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an

estimate of the quantity of water actually available to

plants at any given time.

Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume

change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture.

Volume change occurs mainly because of the

interaction of clay minerals with water and varies with

the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil. The

size of the load on the soil and the magnitude of the

change in soil moisture content influence the amount

of swelling of soils in place. Laboratory

measurements of swelling of undisturbed clods were

made for many soils. For others, swelling was

estimated on the basis of the kind and amount of clay

minerals in the soil and on measurements of similar

soils.

If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to

very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage

to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special

design is often needed.

Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the

change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture

content is increased from air-dry to field capacity.

The classes are low, a change of less than 3 percent;
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 273

moderate, 3 to 6 percent; and high, more than 6

percent. Very high, more than 9 percent, is

sometimes used.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In the

table “Physical Properties of the Soils,” the estimated

content of organic matter is expressed as a

percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less

than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained or increased by returning crop residue to

the soil. Organic matter affects the available water

capacity, infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of

nitrogen and other nutrients for crops.

Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a

soil to sheet and rill erosion. Factor K is one of six

factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation

(USLE) to predict the average rate of soil loss by

sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

very fine sand, sand, and organic matter (as much

as 4 percent) and on soil structure and permeability.

The estimates are modified by the presence of rock

fragments. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. The

higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to

sheet and rill erosion.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the

fine-earth fraction, or the material less than 2

millimeters in size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average rate of soil erosion by wind or water that can

occur without affecting crop productivity over a

sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their resistance to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The groups indicate

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. Soils are

grouped according to the following distinctions:

1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very

fine sands. These soils generally are not suitable for

crops. They are extremely erodible, and vegetation is

difficult to establish.

2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine

sands, loamy very fine sands, and sapric soil

material. These soils are very highly erodible. Crops

can be grown if intensive measures to control wind

erosion are used.

3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams. These soils are

highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive

measures to control wind erosion are used.

4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams,

and silty clay loams that have more than 5 percent

finely divided calcium carbonate. These soils are

highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive

measures to control wind erosion are used.

4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams,

and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent

clay. These soils are moderately erodible. Crops can

be grown if measures to control wind erosion are

used.

5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams,

sandy clays, and hemic soil material. These soils

have less than 5 percent finely divided calcium

carbonate. They are moderately erodible. Crops can

be grown if measures to control wind erosion are

used.

6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay

loams that are less than 35 percent clay. These soils

have less than 5 percent finely divided calcium

carbonate. They are moderately erodible. Crops can

be grown if ordinary measures to control wind

erosion are used.

7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are

less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material.

These soils have less than 5 percent finely divided

calcium carbonate. They are very slightly erodible.

Crops can be grown if ordinary measures to control

wind erosion are used.

8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion

because of rock fragments on the surface or because

of surface wetness.

In the table “Chemical Properties of the Soils,”

cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated

pH value. It is a measurement of the nutrient-holding

capacity of the soil.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity

and is expressed as a range in pH values. The range

in pH of each major horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Calcium carbonate is expressed as a weighted

percentage of the fraction of the soil less than 2

millimeters in size. The availability of plant nutrients,

such as phosphorus, is affected by the amount of

carbonates in the soil.

Gypsum is expressed as the percent, by weight, of

hydrated calcium sulfates in the fraction of the soil

less than 20 millimeters in size. Soils high in
274 Soil Survey of

gypsum, such as those that are more than 10 percent

gypsum, may collapse if the gypsum is removed by

percolating water. Gypsum is corrosive to concrete.

Corrosion of concrete is most likely to occur in soils

that are more than about 1 percent gypsum when

wetting and drying occur.

Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at

saturation. It is expressed as the electrical

conductivity of the saturation extract, in millimhos per

centimeter at 25 degrees C. Estimates are based on

field and laboratory measurements at representative

sites of nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated

soils is affected by the quality of the irrigation water

and by the frequency of water application. Hence, the

salinity of soils in individual fields can differ greatly

from the value given in the table. Salinity affects the

suitability of a soil for crop production, the stability of

the soil if used as construction material, and the

potential of the soil to corrode metal and concrete.

Sodium adsorption ration (SAR) is a measure of

the amount of sodium relative to calcium and

magnesium in the water extract from saturated soil

paste. Soils that have SAR values of 13 or more may

have an increased dispersion of organic matter and

clay particles, reduced permeability and aeration, and

a general degradation of soil structure.

Water Features

The table “Water Features” gives estimates of

several important water features used in land use

planning that involves engineering considerations.

These features are described in the following

paragraphs.

Hydrologic soil groups are groups of soils that,

when saturated, have the same runoff potential under

similar storm and ground cover conditions. The soil

properties that affect the runoff potential are those

that influence the minimum rate of infiltration in a

bare soil after prolonged wetting and when the soil is

not frozen. These properties include the depth to a

seasonal high water table, the intake rate,

permeability after prolonged wetting, and the depth to

a very slowly permeable layer. The influences of

ground cover and slope are treated independently

and are not taken into account in hydrologic soil

groups.

In the definitions of the hydrologic soil groups, the

infiltration rate is the rate at which water enters the

soil at the surface and is controlled by surface

conditions. The transmission rate is the rate at which

water moves through the soil and is controlled by

properties of the soil layers.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

chiefly of very deep, well drained to excessively

drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a

high rate of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have a moderately fine to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having

a layer that impedes the downward movement of

water or soils that have a moderately fine or fine

texture. These soils have a slow rate of water

transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clayey soils that have a high

shrink-swell potential, soils that have a permanent

high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay

layer at or near the surface, and soils that are

shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils

have a very slow rate of water transmission.

Flooding, the temporary covering of the soil

surface by flowing water, is caused by overflow from

streams or by runoff from adjacent slopes. Shallow

water standing or flowing for short periods after

rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding.

Standing water in marshes and swamps or in closed

depressions is considered to be ponding.

The table gives the frequency and duration of

flooding and the time of year when flooding is most

likely to occur. Frequency, duration, and probable

dates of occurrence are estimated. Frequency

generally is expressed as none, rare, occasional, or

frequent. None means flooding is not probable; rare

that it is unlikely but is possible under unusual

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is nearly 0

percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional that it

occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions

(the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any

year); and frequent that it occurs often under normal

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is 50

percent in any year).

Duration is expressed as very brief (less than 2

days), brief (2 to 7 days), long (7 to 30 days), and

very long (more than 30 days). The time of year that

flooding is most likely to occur is expressed in

months. About two-thirds to three-fourths of all

flooding occurs during the stated period.

The information on flooding is based on evidence

in the soil profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand,
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 275

silt, or clay deposited by floodwater; irregular

decrease in organic matter content with increasing

depth; and little or no horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and level of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information

on the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

High water table (seasonal) is a zone of saturation

at the highest average depth during the wettest

season. It is at least 6 inches thick, persists in the

soil for more than a few weeks, and is within 6 feet of

the surface. Indicated in the table are the depth to the

seasonal high water table, the kind of water table,

and the months of the year when the water table

usually is highest.

An apparent water table is indicated by the level at

which water stands in a freshly dug, unlined borehole

after adequate time for adjustments in the

surrounding soil.

A perched water table is one that is above an

unsaturated zone in the soil. The basis for

determining that a water table is perched may be

general knowledge of the area. The water table is

proven to be perched if the water level in a borehole

is observed to fall when the borehole is extended.

Two numbers in the column showing depth to the

water table indicate the normal range in depth to a

saturated zone. Depth is given to the nearest half

foot. The first numeral in the range indicates the

highest water level. A plus sign preceding the range

in depth indicates that the water table is above the

surface of the soil. “More than 6.0” indicates that the

water table is below a depth of 6 feet or that it is

within a depth of 6 feet for less than a month.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. The maximum depth refers to the depth

of the water above the surface of the soil.

Soil Features

The table “Soil Features” gives estimates of

several important soil features used in land use

planning that involves engineering considerations.

These features are described in the following

paragraphs.

Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a

depth of 60 inches. The depth is based on many soil

borings and on observations during soil mapping. The

rock is specified as either soft or hard. If the rock is

soft or fractured, excavations can be made with

trenching machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If

the rock is hard or massive, blasting or special

equipment generally is needed for excavation.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density.

Subsidence generally results from either desiccation

and shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or

both, following drainage. Subsidence takes place

gradually, usually over a period of several years. The

table shows the expected initial subsidence, which

usually is a result of drainage, and total subsidence,

which results from a combination of factors.

Potential frost action is the likelihood of upward or

lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation

of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength

on thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture

moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature,

texture, density, permeability, content of organic

matter, and depth to the water table are the most

important factors considered in evaluating the

potential for frost action. It is assumed that the soil is

not insulated by vegetation or snow and is not

artificially drained. Silty and highly structured, clayey

soils that have a high water table in winter are the

most susceptible to frost action. Well drained, very

gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and

other rigid structures.

A low potential for frost action indicates that the

soil is rarely susceptible to the formation of ice

lenses; a moderate potential indicates that the soil is

susceptible to formation of ice lenses, resulting in

frost heave and the subsequent loss of soil strength;

and a high potential indicates that the soil is highly

susceptible to formation of ice lenses, resulting in

frost heave and the subsequent loss of soil strength.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity,

and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of

corrosion of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil.

Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a

severe hazard of corrosion. The steel in installations

that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more
276 Soil Survey of

susceptible to corrosion than steel in installations

that are entirely within one kind of soil or within one

soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion,

expressed as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil

drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near

field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the

saturation extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also

expressed as low, moderate, or high. It is based on

soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the

saturation extract.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 277

Engineering Index Properties

 (Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 | 35-50| 15-30

 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-29 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 | 25-50| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 29-60 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-50| 10-25

 | | loam, silty | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-11 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | 11-17 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 17-60 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

58: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kittson---------| 0-11 |Loam-----------|CL, |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95 |50-75 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 11-15 |Loam, fine |CL, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|65-100|60-90 |40-75 | 20-40| 10-20

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 15-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-98 |80-90 |50-75 | 20-40| 10-20

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SM, |A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100|15-50 | 15-30| NP-7

 | | | SC-SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | 10-29 |Loamy sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-90 | 5-35 | 0-25| NP-4

 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 29-60 |Sandy loam, |SC, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|70-90 |40-85 | 15-40| 5-20

 | | fine sandy | SC-SM,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|75-90 |35-50 | 15-30| NP-5

 | 8-14 |Loamy sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|70-100|45-80 |10-50 | 20-30| NP-5

 | | sandy loam, | SP-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loam.| | | | | | | | | |

 | 14-26 |Very gravelly |SP, GP,|A-1 | 0 | 2-5 |50-75 |40-60 |20-50 | 0-10 | --- | NP

 | | sand, very | SP-SM,| | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly | GP-GM | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 26-60 |Loam, clay |ML, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 1-5 |90-100|85-100|75-90 |50-80 | 20-40| 1-15

 | | loam, silt | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Flaming---------| 0-15 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90 | 5-30 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | 15-60 |Fine sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90 | 5-30 | 0-14| NP

 | | loamy sand, | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
278 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-9 |Silt loam------|CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-90 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-16 |Silt loam, |CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 16-60 |Silt loam, |CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-8 |Silt loam------|CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-90 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 8-14 |Silt loam, |CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 14-60 |Silt loam, |CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

77: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Garnes----------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-75 |35-50 | 20-30| NP-5

 | 10-17 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|80-100|70-100|45-80 | 20-40| 7-20

 | | sandy clay | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 17-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, ML,|A-4, | 0 | 1-5 |95-100|75-95 |60-90 |35-65 | 15-40| 1-15

 | | loam, fine | CL, SC| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-11 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 11-21 |Silt loam, |CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Silt loam, |CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------| 0-8 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-100|50-75 |20-45 | --- | NP

 | | | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 8-14 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, |A-3, | 0 | 2-5 |80-100|60-95 |35-70 | 5-25 | --- | NP

 | | coarse sandy | SM | A-1, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loamy | | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 14-60 |Gravelly |SP-SM, |A-3, | 0 | 2-5 |70-95 |55-90 |30-60 | 0-10 | --- | NP

 | | coarse sand, | SP | A-1, | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sand,| | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

116: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Redby-----------| 0-6 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95 | 5-25 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | 6-36 |Fine sand, sand|SM, |A-3, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 5-20 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | 36-60 |Fine sand, sand|SP, |A-3, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 2-12 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 279

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

117: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cormant---------| 0-8 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100| 5-40 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-4, | | | | | | | |

 | | | | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | 8-60 |Fine sand, |SP, SM,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-100| 1-20 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand, loamy | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

145: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Enstrom---------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-95 |10-25 | --- | NP

 | | | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 7-25 |Fine sand, |SP-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-100|60-95 | 5-15 | --- | NP

 | | sand, loamy | SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 25-60 |Fine sandy |CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|80-95 |65-90 |35-80 | 20-40| 5-15

 | | loam, loam, | CL, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | silty clay | SC, | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

148: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Poppleton-------| 0-6 |Fine sand------|SP-SM, |A-3, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95 | 5-25 | --- | NP

 | | | SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | 6-60 |Fine sand, sand|SM, SP |A-3, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95 | 3-15 | --- | NP

 | | | | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

157A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| 0-35 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 50-75| 25-50

 | 35-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 35-75| 20-50

 | | clay, silty | | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

157B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| 0-22 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 50-75| 25-50

 | 22-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 35-75| 20-50

 | | clay, silty | | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|80-95 |60-90 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-16 |Loam, clay loam|CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |80-95 |60-75 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 16-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-95 |80-95 |60-75 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

187: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haug------------| 0-10 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 10-18 |Mucky sandy |OL, ML,|A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-85 |35-65 | 15-40| 1-15

 | | loam, fine | CL, SM| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 18-60 |Loam, sandy |ML, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|70-100|60-95 |35-65 | 15-40| 1-15

 | | loam, fine | SM, SC| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
280 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

205: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Karlstad--------| 0-12 |Loamy sand-----|SM, |A-2, | 0-5 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-95 | 5-35 | 15-25| NP-4

 | | | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | 12-16 |Coarse sandy |SM, SC,|A-2, | 0-5 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|75-95 |12-50 | 15-25| NP-10

 | | loam, sandy | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 16-19 |Gravelly |SC, SM,|A-2, | 0-5 | 0-25 |65-95 |50-75 |25-50 |10-30 | 15-25| NP-10

 | | coarse sandy | SC-SM,| A-1, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, gravelly| SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 19-60 |Stratified |SP, |A-1, | 0-5 | 0-25 |60-100|35-100|20-80 |10-55 | --- | NP

 | | gravelly | SP-SM | A-2, | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand to| | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|OL, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-90 |50-80 | 30-40| 4-10

 | 9-15 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-95 |50-80 | 30-40| 11-20

 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 15-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95 |60-85 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------| 0-7 |Loamy sand-----|SP-SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|50-75 |10-35 | 0-20| NP-5

 | | | SM, | | | | | | | | |

 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 7-13 |Very gravelly |SM, SC,|A-2, | 0 | 0-15 |45-85 |20-55 |10-45 | 5-35 | 0-30| NP-10

 | | fine sandy | GM, GC| A-1 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, very | | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 13-60 |Very gravelly |SP, |A-1, | 0 | 0-10 |45-95 |20-80 |10-70 | 0-20 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand, coarse | SP-SM,| A-3, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, very | GP, | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loamy| GP-GM | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------| 0-12 |Loamy sand-----|SM, |A-1, | 0-3 | 0-5 |85-100|50-95 |40-75 |10-25 | --- | NP-4

 | | | SP-SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | 12-60 |Gravelly |SP, |A-1, | 0-3 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-95 |30-65 | 2-10 | --- | NP

 | | coarse sand, | SP-SM | A-3, | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 281

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

280: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pelan-----------| 0-6 |Sandy loam-----|SM, |A-2, | 0 | 2-4 |95-100|75-100|55-90 |30-50 | 0-20| NP-5

 | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 6-12 |Very gravelly |SM, GM,|A-2, | 0 | 2-4 |45-85 |25-50 | 5-45 |12-35 | 20-30| NP-10

 | | sandy loam, | SC, GC| A-1 | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 12-24 |Very gravelly |SP-SM, |A-1, | 0 | 2-4 |40-85 |25-50 | 5-50 | 1-10 | 0-14| NP

 | | coarse sand, | SP, | A-3, | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | GP, | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sandy | GP-GM | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 24-60 |Fine sandy |SM, ML,|A-4, | 0 | 1-5 |90-100|85-95 |60-90 |40-65 | 10-30| 1-15

 | | loam, sandy | CL, SC| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|15-40 | 0-25| NP-5

 | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 7-20 |Loamy fine |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|10-40 | 0-25| NP-5

 | | sand, loamy | SC-SM,| A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, fine | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 20-60 |Fine sand, |SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|10-35 | 0-25| NP-5

 | | loamy sand, | SC-SM,| | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-8 |Loam-----------|SC, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 0-1 |90-100|85-100|70-95 |35-70 | 20-40| 5-15

 | | | SC-SM,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 8-13 |Gravelly fine |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-95 |50-85 |30-80 |15-65 | 10-20| 1-10

 | | sandy loam, | SM, GM| A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 13-20 |Loam, fine |CL, |A-4 | 0-1 | 1-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 20-60 |Loam, fine |SC-SM, |A-4 | 0-1 | 1-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 0-30| 3-10

 | | sandy loam, | SC, | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | CL-ML,| | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

383: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-8 |Loam-----------|SC, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 0-1 |90-100|85-100|70-95 |35-70 | 20-40| 5-15

 | | | SC-SM,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 8-11 |Gravelly fine |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-95 |50-85 |30-80 |15-65 | 10-20| 1-10

 | | sandy loam, | SM, GM| A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 11-35 |Loam, fine |CL, |A-4 | 0-1 | 1-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 35-60 |Loam, fine |SC-SM, |A-4 | 0-1 | 1-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 0-30| 3-10

 | | sandy loam, | SC, | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | CL-ML,| | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
282 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-4 |Mucky loam-----|CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|75-95 |60-75 | 15-35| 5-15

 | | | CL | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 4-18 |Loam, clay |CL |A-6, | 0-1 | 1-5 |85-100|85-98 |65-95 |35-75 | 30-45| 10-20

 | | loam, fine | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 18-60 |Loam, fine |SM, SC,|A-4 | 0-1 | 1-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 15-30| 3-10

 | | sandy loam, | ML, CL| | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-100|60-90 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-17 |Loam, clay |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-90 |60-80 | 20-50| 10-30

 | | loam, silty | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 17-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL, |A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-98 |80-95 |60-80 | 20-50| 5-30

 | | | CL-ML | A-7, | | | | | | | |

 | | | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SM |A-2, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-85 |30-50 | 0-30| NP-7

 | | | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 10-16 |Loam, fine |CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 2-5 |95-100|85-100|70-95 |40-75 | 20-35| 5-15

 | | sandy loam, | CL, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | SC, | | | | | | | | |

 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 16-27 |Very gravelly |SP-SM, |A-1 | 0 | 2-5 |30-65 |15-55 |10-30 | 1-10 | 0-14| NP

 | | coarse sand, | SP, | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | GP, | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, very | GP-GM | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 27-60 |Loam, silt |ML, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 1-5 |95-100|75-90 |70-85 |50-75 | 20-40| 2-15

 | | loam, clay | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

418: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lamoure---------| 0-21 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH,|A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 40-70| 15-35

 | | | MH, ML| | | | | | | | |

 | 21-42 |Silty clay |CL, CH,|A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|60-100| 40-70| 15-35

 | | loam, silt | MH, ML| | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 42-60 |Stratified |CL, SC |A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-95 |35-90 | 30-70| 10-35

 | | sandy loam to | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------| 0-13 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-85 |12-35 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 13-33 |Fine sand, |SP-SM, |A-2, | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-85 | 5-35 | 0-14| NP

 | | loamy fine | SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 33-60 |Loam, clay |CL-ML, |A-4, | 0-1 | 1-5 |95-100|75-95 |70-90 |40-85 | 15-40| 5-20

 | | loam, sandy | CL, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | SC-SM,| | | | | | | | |

 | | | SC | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

429A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| 0-10 |Clay-----------|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|95-100| 65-80| 35-45

 | 10-29 |Clay-----------|MH, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 65-85| 30-50

 | 29-60 |Clay-----------|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 65-85| 40-60

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 283

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

432: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strandquist-----| 0-10 |Loam-----------|CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 1-2 |95-100|95-100|75-90 |45-70 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | SC-SM,| | | | | | | | |

 | | | SC | | | | | | | | |

 | 10-30 |Gravelly sand, |SP, GP,|A-1 | 0 | 2-5 |40-75 |25-65 |15-50 | 0-5 | --- | NP

 | | gravelly | GP-GM,| | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 30-60 |Silty clay |CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 1-2 |95-100|80-100|65-90 |35-80 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | loam, loam, | CL, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | SC, | | | | | | | | |

 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Syrene----------| 0-10 |Sandy loam-----|SM, SC,|A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-70 |35-50 | 15-35| NP-10

 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 10-19 |Loam, sandy |SM, ML |A-4 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|55-75 |35-65 | 20-40| 1-10

 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 19-60 |Stratified |SP-SM, |A-3, | 0-3 | 2-5 |75-95 |55-80 |30-60 | 0-10 | 0-14| NP

 | | loamy fine | SP | A-1, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand to | | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly | | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85 |30-50 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-15 |Fine sandy |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85 |30-50 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | loam, sandy | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 15-32 |Sand, fine |SM, |A-1, | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|60-80 |10-30 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand, loamy | SP-SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 32-60 |Fine sandy |CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-98 |70-90 |50-70 | 25-40| 5-20

 | | loam, loam, | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SM, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80 |36-50 | 0-25| NP-6

 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 9-26 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM |A-3, | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80 | 5-10 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand, loamy | | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 26-60 |Loam, clay |SC-SM, |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90 |40-60 | 15-40| 5-25

 | | loam, sandy | SC, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML,| | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

482: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Grygla----------| 0-7 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-95 |15-35 | 0-25| NP-7

 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 7-33 |Sand, fine |SP-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-95 | 5-35 | 0-20| NP-5

 | | sand, loamy | SM, | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 33-60 |Loam, fine |CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-100|70-85 |50-70 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | sandy loam, | CL | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | silt loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
284 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

514: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------| 0-29 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 29-36 |Mucky peat-----|PT |A-8 | 0-5 | 0-10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 36-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, ML,|A-2, | 0-5 | 0-10 |85-100|85-95 |65-95 |25-75 | 15-35| NP-20

 | | loam, clay | SC, CL| A-4, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-8 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 8-60 |Muck, mucky |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | | peat. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| 0-6 |Mucky peat-----|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 6-60 |Mucky peat-----|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-25 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 25-60 |Fine sand, |SP, SM,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |75-100|60-75 | 0-20 | 0-14| NP

 | | loamy sand, | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-11 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 11-25 |Sapric material|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 25-60 |Sandy loam, |CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|60-100|35-90 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | loam, clay | SC-SM,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | SC, CL| | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

546: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| 0-12 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 12-60 |Sapric material|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------| 0-11 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 11-15 |Fine sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|50-75 |12-50 | 0-20| NP-4

 | | loamy sand, | SP-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 15-60 |Fine sand, |SM, SP,|A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |75-100|55-100|35-70 | 1-25 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand, gravelly| SP-SM | A-3, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | A-1 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

550: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| 0-23 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 23-31 |Sapric material|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 31-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|90-100| 45-70| 25-40

 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay, clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| 0-12 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 12-20 |Fine sandy |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|51-85 |15-50 | 0-35| NP-10

 | | loam, loamy | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 20-34 |Coarse sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-100|70-95 | 5-35 | 0-14| NP

 | | fine sand, | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 34-60 |Loam, clay |ML, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-100|50-80 | 20-40| 3-20

 | | loam, fine | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 285

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------| 0-8 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-4, | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|45-80 |25-40 | 15-20| NP-7

 | | | SC-SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | 8-28 |Fine sand, |SM, |A-1, | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|45-75 | 5-30 | 15-20| NP-4

 | | sand, loamy | SP-SM | A-2, | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | 28-33 |Clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-98 |65-95 |45-75 | 25-50| 7-25

 | | sandy clay | | A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 33-60 |Loam, clay |CL |A-4, | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-98 |70-95 |50-80 | 25-45| 7-20

 | | loam, fine | | A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-12 |Loam-----------|CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-100|60-90 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 12-17 |Loam, clay |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-90 |60-80 | 20-50| 10-30

 | | loam, silty | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 17-60 |Loam, clay |CL, |A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-95 |60-80 | 20-50| 5-30

 | | loam, silty | CL-ML | A-7, | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

583: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nereson---------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SM |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-98 |50-70 |35-50 | 15-20| NP-4

 | 10-18 |Loam, fine |SM, ML,|A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-98 |55-90 |40-60 | 20-28| 4-9

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML,| | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | CL | | | | | | | | |

 | 18-20 |Gravelly loam, |GM, SM |A-1, | 0-1 | 1-5 |80-95 |50-78 |25-75 | 5-40 | 10-20| 1-10

 | | gravelly fine | | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 20-33 |Sandy loam, |SM, ML,|A-4, | 0-1 | 1-5 |85-95 |75-95 |45-85 |10-55 | 15-30| 1-15

 | | loam, gravelly| CL, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 33-60 |Sandy loam, |SM, ML,|A-4, | 0-1 | 1-5 |85-95 |75-95 |45-85 |10-55 | 15-30| 1-15

 | | loam, gravelly| CL, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

630: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| 0-9 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 9-18 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-98 | 75-90| 50-65

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 18-60 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|85-100|60-95 | 65-90| 40-65

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-10 |Clay-----------|CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95 |70-95 | 45-80| 20-50

 | 10-20 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95 |70-95 | 40-80| 20-50

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 20-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-97 |75-95 | 40-80| 20-50

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
286 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-8 |Loam-----------|SC-SM, |A-4, | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |65-85 |45-65 | 20-35| NP-11

 | | | SM, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | ML, | | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 8-20 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95 |70-95 | 40-80| 20-50

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 20-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-97 |75-95 | 40-80| 20-50

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Huot------------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SM, |A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|50-85 |25-55 | 15-30| NP-8

 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 9-16 |Loamy fine |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|60-85 |25-55 | 15-30| NP-8

 | | sand, fine | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 16-29 |Loamy fine |SP-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|50-80 |15-35 | 0-20| NP

 | | sand, fine | SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 29-60 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-100|70-95 | 60-80| 35-50

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

644: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Boash-----------| 0-7 |Clay loam------|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|80-100|70-95 | 40-50| 20-25

 | 7-33 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|80-100|70-95 | 45-80| 25-50

 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 33-60 |Loam, clay |CL, |A-4, | 0 | 1-3 |95-100|85-98 |70-95 |50-80 | 24-35| 6-15

 | | loam, sandy | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Espelie---------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML,|A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-85 |30-65 | 0-25| NP-8

 | | | SC, CL| A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | 10-34 |Loamy sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|60-100|30-80 |10-40 | 0-20| NP-4

 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | A-4, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, fine | | A-1 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 34-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 1-3 |90-100|85-100|80-100|70-100| 40-65| 20-40

 | | clay, clay | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------| 0-11 |Loamy fine sand|SM, ML,|A-2, | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|50-85 |20-55 | 15-20| NP-7

 | | | SC-SM,| A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 11-22 |Loamy sand, |SM, |A-1, | 0 | 0-2 |85-100|75-100|45-85 |10-40 | 15-20| NP-4

 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | A-2, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, sand. | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 22-34 |Gravelly loamy |SM, |A-1, | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|65-100|30-70 |10-30 | 15-20| NP-4

 | | sand, loamy | SP-SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 34-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 1-3 |95-100|85-100|75-95 |65-90 | 40-70| 20-45

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 287

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

648: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Newfolden-------| 0-7 |Loam-----------|CL-ML |A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-95 |60-75 | 20-35| 4-15

 | | | | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 7-16 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 | 50-65| 25-40

 | | clay, silty | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 16-36 |Loam, clay loam|CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|95-100|85-100|36-60 | 25-45| 6-20

 | | | CL | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 36-60 |Loam, clay |CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|95-100|80-85 |36-60 | 25-45| 6-20

 | | loam, silt | CL, ML| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

649: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-95 |60-90 |30-45 | 15-20| NP-4

 | | | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 10-16 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|75-100|60-95 |55-80 | 25-50| 7-25

 | | loam, sandy | | A-7, | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 16-60 |Loam, clay |CL, ML,|A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|75-100|55-100|50-80 | 25-45| 3-20

 | | loam, fine | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SM, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|55-85 |35-55 | 15-35| NP-10

 | 9-16 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|75-100|60-95 |55-80 | 25-50| 7-25

 | | loam, sandy | | A-7, | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 16-60 |Loam, clay |CL, ML,|A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|75-100|55-100|50-80 | 25-45| 3-20

 | | loam, fine | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SM,|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|70-90 |35-55 | 15-30| NP-10

 | | | SC-SM,| | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 8-15 |Loamy fine |ML, SM,|A-2, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|60-90 |10-55 | 15-30| NP-10

 | | sand, fine | SC-SM,| A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 15-31 |Fine sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-100|50-80 | 5-35 | --- | NP

 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 31-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-3 | 100 |95-100|95-100|90-100| 40-70| 20-40

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

652: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------| 0-8 |Clay loam------|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|70-95 |50-70 | 30-40| 10-15

 | 8-15 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, |A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-95 |60-95 |50-65 | 25-40| 6-16

 | | clay loam. | CL | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 15-29 |Gravelly loamy |SM, SP,|A-1 | 0 | 2-5 |20-60 |15-50 |10-30 | 0-15 | 0-14| NP

 | | coarse sand, | GP, GM| | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly sand,| | | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly | | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 29-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 1-3 |85-100|80-100|75-100|65-95 | 40-90| 20-60

 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
288 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

653: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| 0-2 |Mucky loam-----|ML, CL,|A-4, | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|60-90 |50-80 | 0-35| 2-12

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 2-8 |Loam, fine |SC-SM, |A-4, | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|75-95 |35-70 | 0-35| 2-12

 | | sandy loam, | SM, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay | ML, | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 8-21 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-95 |50-80 | 25-50| 10-25

 | | sandy clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Loam, fine |CL, SC,|A-4, | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-95 |40-80 | 25-40| 6-18

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

708: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rushlake--------| 0-8 |Loamy sand-----|SM, |A-1-b,| 0 | 0 |95-100|75-100|15-60 |10-35 | --- | NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-2-4| | | | | | | |

 | 8-60 |Gravelly sand, |SP, |A-1-b,| 0 | 0-3 |55-95 |50-90 |15-60 | 2-10 | --- | NP

 | | gravelly loamy| SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-12 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|65-90 |30-50 | 0-30| NP-10

 | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 12-22 |Fine sandy |SM, SC,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85 |25-45 | 0-30| NP-10

 | | loam, loamy | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 22-60 |Fine sand, sand|SM, |A-1, | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |45-75 | 5-25 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-2, | | | | | | | |

 | | | | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------| 0-13 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-100|55-90 |20-50 | 15-25| 2-7

 | | | SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 13-19 |Sandy clay |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-100|50-90 |25-75 | 25-40| 6-15

 | | loam, loam, | CL-ML,| A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | CL, SC| A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 19-31 |Loamy sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0-1 | 0-5 |65-100|55-100|30-80 | 5-30 | 0-20| NP-5

 | | sand, coarse | SP-SM,| A-1, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | SC-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | 31-60 |Loam, clay |CL, SC,|A-4, | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|80-100|60-90 |40-70 | 25-40| 6-20

 | | loam, fine | CL-ML,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

721B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 |Loamy sand-----|SM, |A-1-b,| 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|40-70 |10-25 | 15-21| NP-4

 | | | SP-SM | A-2-4| | | | | | | |

 | 7-12 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM, |A-1-b,| 0 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-85 |35-70 | 2-25 | 15-21| NP-4

 | | gravelly sand,| SM, SP|A-2-4,| | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | 12-60 |Coarse sand, |SP, |A-1-b,| 0 | 0-5 |60-95 |50-85 |30-65 | 2-10 | --- | NP

 | | sand, gravelly| SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 289

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|ML, CL,|A-4, | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|75-95 |50-80 | 15-35| 2-12

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-16 |Clay loam, |CL, ML |A-6, | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-95 |50-80 | 25-50| 10-25

 | | loam, silty | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 16-60 |Loam, fine |CL, SC,|A-4, | 0-1 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|70-95 |40-80 | 25-40| 6-18

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

794: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearriver------| 0-9 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-90 |10-35 | 15-25| NP-10

 | | | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 9-14 |Sand, loamy |SP-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|55-80 | 5-20 | --- | NP

 | | sand. | SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | 14-60 |Stratified |SP-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-2 |75-100|65-85 |40-65 | 0-10 | --- | NP

 | | fine sand to | SP | A-3, | | | | | | | |

 | | gravelly | | A-1 | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------| 0-8 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-98 | 50-70| 25-40

 | 8-23 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|95-98 | 50-70| 25-40

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 23-60 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|95-100| 50-70| 25-45

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-15 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | 15-31 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 31-60 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

936: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|SC-SM, |A-4, | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |65-85 |45-65 | 20-35| NP-11

 | | | SM, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | ML, | | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 9-30 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-97 |80-95 |70-95 | 40-80| 20-50

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 30-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-97 |75-95 | 40-80| 20-50

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reis------------| 0-7 |Clay loam------|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-99 |80-95 |65-90 | 35-50| 15-25

 | 7-21 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-99 |80-97 |75-90 | 50-80| 20-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-99 |80-95 |75-90 | 50-80| 20-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

937: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------| 0-10 |Clay-----------|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-95 | 75-85| 45-60

 | 10-29 |Clay-----------|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-95 | 75-85| 45-60

 | 29-48 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-95 | 70-85| 40-60

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 48-60 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-95 | 70-85| 40-60

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| 0-13 |Clay-----------|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|95-100| 65-80| 35-45

 | 13-23 |Clay-----------|MH, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 65-85| 30-50

 | 23-60 |Clay-----------|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 65-85| 40-60

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
290 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

972: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-100|60-90 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-17 |Loam, clay |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-90 |60-80 | 20-50| 10-30

 | | loam, silty | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 17-60 |Loam, clay |CL, |A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-95 |60-80 | 20-50| 5-30

 | | loam, silty | CL-ML | A-7, | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| 0-9 |Loam-----------|OL, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-90 |50-80 | 30-40| 4-10

 | 9-15 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-95 |50-80 | 30-40| 11-20

 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 15-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95 |60-85 | 20-40| 5-20

 | | | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| 0-4 |Very fine |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|75-100|45-80 | 15-35| NP-10

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 4-60 |Stratified |ML, CL,|A-2, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-95 |20-80 | 20-45| 3-20

 | | loamy sand to | SM, SC| A-4, | | | | | | | |

 | | silt loam. | | A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----| 0-11 |Clay loam------|CL |A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-100| 25-50| 7-25

 | | | | A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 11-60 |Clay loam, |CL, SC,|A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-100|36-90 | 25-40| 5-20

 | | silt loam, | CL-ML,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-14 |Sand-----------|SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-90 |10-35 | --- | NP

 | | | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 14-60 |Sand, fine sand|SP-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|50-75 | 5-25 | --- | NP

 | | | SP | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1031: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-14 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 14-60 |Mucky peat, |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | | muck. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1143: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| 0-33 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 33-44 |Sand, loamy |SP, SM,|A-2, | 0 | 0 |90-100|70-100|60-80 | 0-25 | --- | NP

 | | sand, gravelly| SP-SM | A-3, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | A-1 | | | | | | | |

 | 44-60 |Loam, clay |ML, CL |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-90 |50-80 | 30-40| 10-20

 | | loam, silt | | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-29 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 29-60 |Fine sand, |SP, SM,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |75-100|60-75 | 0-20 | 0-14| NP

 | | loamy sand, | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 291

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-10 |Mucky fine |SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85 |30-50 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 10-16 |Fine sandy |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85 |30-50 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | loam, sandy | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 16-30 |Sand, fine |SM, |A-1, | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|60-80 |10-30 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand, loamy | SP-SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 30-60 |Fine sandy |CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-98 |70-90 |50-70 | 25-40| 5-20

 | | loam, loam, | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| 0-9 |Mucky fine |OL, SP |A-2-4,| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80 |20-50 | 0-20| NP

 | | sandy loam. | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-26 |Loamy sand, |SP-SM |A-3, | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|50-80 | 5-10 | 0-14| NP

 | | loamy fine | | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 26-80 |Loam, clay |SC-SM, |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-90 |40-60 | 15-40| 5-25

 | | loam, sandy | SC, | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | CL-ML,| | | | | | | | |

 | | | CL | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1146: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| 0-15 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 15-21 |Fine sandy |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|45-95 |15-50 | 15-30| NP-10

 | | loam, loamy | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-28 |Coarse sand, |SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-100|40-95 | 5-50 | 0-20| NP-5

 | | fine sand, | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 28-60 |Loam, clay |ML, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|65-100|35-80 | 20-40| 3-20

 | | loam, fine | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1158: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| 0-7 |Loam-----------|CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|75-95 |55-75 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | | ML, CL| | | | | | | | |

 | 7-10 |Gravelly loam, |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |60-85 |50-85 |35-75 |20-55 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | gravelly fine | SM, SC| A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 10-21 |Loam, fine |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Loam, fine |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1170: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| 0-10 |Loam-----------|CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|75-95 |55-75 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | | ML, CL| | | | | | | | |

 | 10-13 |Gravelly loam, |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |60-85 |50-85 |35-75 |20-55 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | gravelly fine | SM, SC| A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 13-19 |Loam, fine |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 19-60 |Loam, fine |SC-SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|85-98 |55-90 |35-70 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
292 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1187: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| 0-31 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 31-42 |Mucky silt |CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-95 | 40-55| 20-35

 | | loam, mucky | | | | | | | | | |

 | | silty clay | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 42-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-95 | 50-75| 30-50

 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay, clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1188: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| 0-14 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 14-23 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-98 | 75-90| 50-65

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 23-60 |Clay, silty |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|85-100|60-95 | 65-90| 40-65

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1189: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-7 |Mucky loam-----|OL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-97 |80-95 |60-75 | 25-35| 10-15

 | 7-10 |Clay-----------|CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-97 |65-95 |50-95 | 35-75| 15-45

 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 10-60 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-97 |80-95 |70-95 | 40-75| 20-45

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1191: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------| 0-4 |Sandy loam-----|SM |A-2, | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|55-85 |25-40 | 15-25| NP-10

 | | | | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 4-8 |Sand, loamy |SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|50-85 | 5-25 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand. | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 8-14 |Sandy loam, |SC, CL |A-4, | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|75-98 |50-85 |40-60 | 30-40| 10-20

 | | sandy clay | | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 14-60 |Loamy sand, |SW, |A-1, | 0 | 0-5 |55-90 |50-85 |15-60 | 2-20 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand, gravelly| SW-SM,| A-2-4| | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ulen------------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100|20-50 | 0-20| NP-4

 | | | | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | 10-21 |Loamy fine |SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-95 |12-35 | 0-14| NP

 | | sand, fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Fine sand------|SP-SM, |A-3, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-100| 5-35 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SM | A-2 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------| 0-9 |Very fine |ML, CL,|A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|50-90 | 15-40| NP-5

 | | sandy loam. | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-29 |Loamy very |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-90 | 20-40| NP-10

 | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | very fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 29-60 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-100|95-100| 35-85| 35-55

 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 293

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------| 0-8 |Very fine |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|60-80 | 20-30| NP-7

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 8-21 |Very fine |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|60-95 | 0-30| NP-5

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | silt loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy clay | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Loamy very |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|50-90 | 0-30| NP-5

 | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | very fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, very | | | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| 0-9 |Very fine |ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|70-95 | 20-30| NP-5

 | | sandy loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 9-60 |Loamy very |ML, SM,|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|35-75 | 10-30| NP-10

 | | fine sand, | SC, CL| | | | | | | | |

 | | very fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, very | | | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| 0-8 |Very fine |ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|70-95 | 20-30| NP-5

 | | sandy loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | 8-17 |Silt loam, |ML, CL,|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|85-95 | 20-30| NP-10

 | | very fine | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 17-60 |Loamy very |ML, SM,|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|35-75 | 10-30| NP-10

 | | fine sand, | SC, CL| | | | | | | | |

 | | very fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand, very | | | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wheatville------| 0-9 |Very fine |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|50-100| 0-14| NP

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 9-29 |Very fine |ML, CL,|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|80-95 | 15-35| NP-10

 | | sandy loam, | CL-ML | | | | | | | | |

 | | silt loam, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy very | | | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 29-60 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 35-80| 15-45

 | | clay, silty | | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1804: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| 0-9 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 9-21 |Loam, clay |CL, |A-4, | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|80-100|70-100|50-90 | 25-45| 6-20

 | | loam, silt | CL-ML | A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Loam, clay |CL, |A-4, | 0-1 | 0-3 |80-100|75-100|65-95 |50-85 | 25-45| 6-20

 | | loam, silt | CL-ML | A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
294 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1807: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-20 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 20-36 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 36-60 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, |A-4, | 0 | 0-5 |80-100|65-100|60-100|35-90 | 20-40| 4-20

 | | silt loam, | CL-ML,| A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | SC, CL| | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1808: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-40 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 40-60 |Fine sand, |SP, SM,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |75-100|60-75 | 0-20 | 0-14| NP

 | | loamy sand, | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-12 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | 12-37 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 37-60 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Radium----------| 0-14 |Loamy sand-----|SM, |A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|50-70 | 5-20 | 0-15| NP

 | | | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | 14-33 |Sand, loamy |SP, SM,|A-1, | 0 | 0-5 |75-100|65-95 |35-60 | 3-15 | 0-15| NP

 | | sand, gravelly| SP-SM | A-2, | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy coarse | | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 33-43 |Gravelly sand, |GP, SP,|A-1 | 0 | 0-5 |55-85 |25-75 |15-40 | 2-10 | 0-15| NP

 | | gravelly | SM, | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand, | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | |

 | | coarse sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 43-60 |Sand, coarse |SP, SM,|A-1, | 0 | 0-5 |75-90 |75-90 |40-80 | 2-10 | --- | NP

 | | sand, loamy | SP-SM | A-2, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| 0-9 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 9-14 |Loam, clay |CL, |A-4, | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-100|80-100|70-100|50-90 | 25-45| 6-20

 | | loam, silt | CL-ML | A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 14-60 |Loam, clay |CL, |A-4, | 0-1 | 0-3 |80-100|75-100|65-95 |50-85 | 25-45| 6-20

 | | loam, silt | CL-ML | A-6, | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85 |30-50 | 0-30| NP-10

 | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 8-27 |Fine sandy |SM, SC,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85 |25-45 | 0-30| NP-10

 | | loam, loamy | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 27-60 |Fine sand, sand|SM, |A-1, | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |45-75 | 5-25 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-2, | | | | | | | |

 | | | | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 295

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-85 |30-50 | 20-30| 5-10

 | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-21 |Loamy sand, |SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|60-80 |10-30 | 0-14| NP

 | | fine sand, | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Fine sandy |CL, |A-4, | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|70-90 |50-70 | 25-40| 5-20

 | | loam, loam, | CL-ML | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| 0-21 |Muck-----------|PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | NP

 | 21-35 |Sand, fine |SP, SM,|A-2, | 0 | 0 |90-100|70-100|60-80 | 0-25 | --- | NP

 | | sand, gravelly| SP-SM | A-3, | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | A-1 | | | | | | | |

 | 35-60 |Loam, clay |ML, CL |A-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|60-90 |50-80 | 30-40| 10-20

 | | loam, silt | | A-6 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 10-17 |Silt loam, |CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 17-60 |Silt loam, |CL, CH |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-55| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 | 35-50| 15-30

 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 9-21 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 | 25-50| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 21-60 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-50| 10-25

 | | loam, silty | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-11 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 | 35-50| 15-30

 | | | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | 11-19 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-95 | 25-50| 10-30

 | | silty clay | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 19-60 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 25-50| 10-25

 | | loam, silty | | A-7 | | | | | | | |

 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-14 |Silty clay-----|CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | 14-26 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 26-60 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 50-75| 25-50

 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |
296 Soil Survey of

 Engineering Index Properties--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Classification| Fragments | Percentage passing | |

 Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |______________|_____________| sieve number-- |Liquid| Plas-

 and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________________| limit|ticity

 | | |Unified|AASHTO|inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | |index ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | | | Pct | __ ___ ___ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

1966: | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|SM, SC,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |97-100|65-90 |30-50 | 0-30| NP-10

 | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 11-18 |Fine sandy |SM, SC,|A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85 |25-45 | 0-30| NP-10

 | | loam, loamy | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | | fine sand, | | | | | | | | | |

 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | |

 | 18-60 |Fine sand, sand|SM, |A-1, | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-95 |45-75 | 5-25 | 0-14| NP

 | | | SP-SM | A-2, | | | | | | | |

 | | | | A-3 | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| 0-16 |Loamy fine sand|SM, |A-2, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|15-40 | 0-25| NP-5

 | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | |

 | 16-60 |Fine sand, |SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|10-35 | 0-25| NP-5

 | | loamy sand, | SC-SM,| | | | | | | | |

 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | | | | | | | | |

 | | sand. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 297

Physical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group"

 apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not available or were

 not estimated)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-9 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.20-0.22|Moderate |4.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4L

 | 9-29 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.20|Moderate |0.0-5.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 29-60 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.20|Moderate |0.0-1.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-11 | 40-60|1.10-1.30| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|4.0-10 | 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4

 | 11-17 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 17-60 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

58: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kittson---------| 0-11 | 10-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Low------|4.0-6.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 5

 | 11-15 | 18-30|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.19|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 15-60 | 18-30|1.40-1.65| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------| 0-10 | 10-18|1.30-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3

 | 10-29 | 2-15|1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.14|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | 29-60 | 10-30|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------| 0-8 | 10-20|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|3.0-7.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3

 | 8-14 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 2.00-20.00|0.09-0.19|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.24| |

 | 14-26 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.05| 0.15| |

 | 26-60 | 12-35|1.40-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.22|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Flaming---------| 0-15 | 2-10|1.40-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.11-0.13|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 15-60 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-9 | 10-26|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24|Moderate |3.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4L

 | 9-16 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |1.0-4.0| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | 16-60 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-8 | 10-26|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24|Moderate |3.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4L

 | 8-14 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |1.0-4.0| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | 14-60 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

77: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Garnes----------| 0-10 | 5-20|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 3

 | 10-17 | 18-30|1.50-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 17-60 | 10-27|1.60-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-11 | 27-39|1.20-1.40| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.23|Moderate |3.0-7.0| 0.37| 0.37| 5 | 4L

 | 11-21 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |1.0-4.0| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | 21-60 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------| 0-8 | 8-18|1.25-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.14|Low------|3.0-8.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3

 | 8-14 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.11|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | 14-60 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-40.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
298 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

116: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Redby-----------| 0-6 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 6-36 | 1-8 |1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 36-60 | 0-6 |1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

117: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cormant---------| 0-8 | 3-10|1.30-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12|Low------|2.0-10 | 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 8-60 | 0-5 |1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

145: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Enstrom---------| 0-7 | 4-15|1.30-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-4.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 7-25 | 1-12|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | 25-60 | 10-35|1.50-1.65| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.20|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

148: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Poppleton-------| 0-6 | 2-10|1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.10|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 1

 | 6-60 | 1-10|1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

157A: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| 0-35 | 40-59|1.10-1.30| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.18|High-----|4.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4

 | 35-60 | 35-59|1.10-1.40| 0.20-2.00 |0.13-0.17|High-----|0.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

157B: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| 0-22 | 40-59|1.10-1.30| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.18|High-----|4.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4

 | 22-60 | 35-59|1.10-1.40| 0.20-2.00 |0.13-0.17|High-----|0.0-2.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.20-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24|Low------|4.0-7.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 9-16 | 18-30|1.20-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.32| |

 | 16-60 | 18-30|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

187: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haug------------| 0-10 | --- |0.13-0.42| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.48|---------| 50-90 | --- | --- | 5 | 2

 | 10-18 | 10-18|1.20-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.12-0.24|Low------|4.0-6.0| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | 18-60 | 10-18|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.11-0.19|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

205: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Karlstad--------| 0-12 | 1-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-4.0| 0.17| 0.17| 3 | 2

 | 12-16 | 5-18|1.35-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 16-19 | 5-18|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.16|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| |

 | 19-60 | 1-5 |1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.20-1.35| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24|Low------|5.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 9-15 | 18-35|1.40-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 15-60 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------| 0-7 | 1-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.14|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 7-13 | 5-18|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | 13-60 | 1-5 |1.50-1.70| >20.00 |0.02-0.04|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------| 0-12 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2

 | 12-60 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| >20.00 |0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

280: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pelan-----------| 0-6 | 5-20|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.13|Low------|0.5-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 3

 | 6-12 | 15-25|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.24| |

 | 12-24 | 1-8 |1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | 24-60 | 8-18|1.40-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 299

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| 0-7 | 5-10|1.20-1.30| 2.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 7-20 | 0-7 |1.35-1.55| 2.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.0-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 20-60 | 0-7 |1.45-1.65| 2.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-8 | 10-30|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22|Moderate |4.0-9.0| 0.24| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 8-13 | 5-15|1.50-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.10| 0.20| |

 | 13-20 | 10-18|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Low------|0.5-7.0| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | 20-60 | 7-18|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

383: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-8 | 10-30|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22|Moderate |4.0-9.0| 0.24| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 8-11 | 5-15|1.50-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.10| 0.20| |

 | 11-35 | 10-18|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Low------|0.5-7.0| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | 35-60 | 7-18|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-4 | 10-18|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Moderate |4.0-12 | 0.24| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 4-18 | 20-35|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.0-1.0| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | 18-60 | 7-18|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.10-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.24|Moderate |3.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 6

 | 9-17 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 17-60 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------| 0-10 | 8-18|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15|Low------|3.0-6.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3

 | 10-16 | 10-27|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.19|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 16-27 | 2-10|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.05|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | 27-60 | 18-35|1.40-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.21|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

418: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lamoure---------| 0-21 | 27-34|1.15-1.25| 0.20-2.00 |0.19-0.22|Moderate |4.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 21-42 | 20-34|1.20-1.35| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.20|Moderate |1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 42-60 | 20-34|1.25-1.40| 0.20-2.00 |0.09-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------| 0-13 | 4-9 |1.40-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.14|Low------|1.0-4.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 2

 | 13-33 | 2-10|1.45-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.12|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | 33-60 | 18-35|1.50-1.65| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

429A: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| 0-10 | 55-75|1.00-1.20| 0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.16|High-----|3.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4

 | 10-29 | 60-85|1.15-1.45| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.14|High-----|1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 29-60 | 60-85|1.15-1.45| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.14|High-----|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

432: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strandquist-----| 0-10 | 10-25|1.20-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Moderate |2.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.32| 3 | 4L

 | 10-30 | 1-8 |1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.05|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | 30-60 | 15-30|1.30-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Syrene----------| 0-10 | 8-18|1.25-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|3.0-8.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3

 | 10-19 | 10-30|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.19|Low------| --- | 0.37| 0.37| |

 | 19-60 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------| --- | 0.10| 0.10| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-9 | 12-18|1.25-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.17|Low------|3.0-6.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3

 | 9-15 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.16|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 15-32 | 2-8 |1.35-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| |

 | 32-60 | 15-30|1.40-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
300 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| 0-9 | 5-15|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-5.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3

 | 9-26 | 2-10|1.30-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 26-60 | 10-35|1.50-1.80| 0.20-2.00 |0.11-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

482: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Grygla----------| 0-7 | 2-15|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.13-0.15|Low------|1.0-4.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2

 | 7-33 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | 33-60 | 8-27|1.30-1.75| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

514: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------| 0-29 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 75-99 | --- | --- | 2 | 2

 | 29-36 | --- |0.10-0.20| 0.60-6.00 |0.45-0.55|---------| 75-99 | --- | --- | |

 | 36-60 | 5-35|1.40-2.00| 0.20-2.00 |0.12-0.20|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-8 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 2

 | 8-60 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| 0-6 | --- |0.20-0.35| 0.60-6.00 |0.48-0.58|---------| 75-99 | --- | --- | 5 | 5

 | 6-60 | --- |0.08-0.20| 0.60-6.00 |0.48-0.58|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-25 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 55-85 | --- | --- | 4 | 2

 | 25-60 | 0-10|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-11 | --- |0.28-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.45-0.55|---------| 60-85 | --- | --- | 5 | 2

 | 11-25 | --- |0.15-0.30| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 60-85 | --- | --- | |

 | 25-60 | 10-30|1.50-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.11-0.22|Low------|1.0-5.0| 0.20| 0.24| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

546: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| 0-12 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 70-90 | --- | --- | 5 | 2

 | 12-60 | --- |0.10-0.35| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------| 0-11 | --- |0.10-0.30| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 50-90 | --- | --- | 5 | 2

 | 11-15 | 2-18|1.20-1.70| 2.00-20.00|0.09-0.17|Low------|4.0-10 | 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 15-60 | 0-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.07|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

550: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| 0-23 | --- |0.13-0.42| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.55|---------| 21-90 | --- | --- | 2 | 2

 | 23-31 | 35-60|0.13-0.42| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.55|---------| 21-90 | --- | --- | |

 | 31-60 | 35-60|1.40-1.65| 0.00-0.06 |0.10-0.20|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| 0-12 | --- |0.18-0.25| 2.00-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 50-85 | --- | --- | 5 | 2

 | 12-20 | 3-18|1.45-1.65| 2.00-20.00|0.09-0.17|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | 20-34 | 1-10|1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | 34-60 | 7-30|1.40-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------| 0-8 | 5-15|1.30-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 8-28 | 2-10|1.30-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | 28-33 | 18-35|1.40-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.16-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | 33-60 | 16-32|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-12 | 18-27|1.10-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.24|Moderate |3.0-7.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 12-17 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 17-60 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 301

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

583: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Nereson---------| 0-10 | 7-12|1.35-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.17|Low------|4.0-6.0| 0.17| 0.20| 5 | 3

 | 10-18 | 10-18|1.35-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | 18-20 | 5-15|1.50-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.10| 0.20| |

 | 20-33 | 7-18|1.50-1.65| 0.60-6.00 |0.16-0.18|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | 33-60 | 7-18|1.50-1.65| 0.60-6.00 |0.16-0.18|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

630: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| 0-9 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 5 | 2

 | 9-18 | 60-75|1.35-1.45| 0.06-0.20 |0.00-0.04|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 18-60 | 50-75|1.40-1.55| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-10 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.17|High-----|3.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4

 | 10-20 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 20-60 | 35-60|1.20-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-8 | 10-27|1.30-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|2.0-5.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 5

 | 8-20 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 20-60 | 35-60|1.20-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Huot------------| 0-9 | 5-15|1.50-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3

 | 9-16 | 8-15|1.55-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.17|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | 16-29 | 3-8 |1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.20| 0.20| |

 | 29-60 | 35-80|1.35-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.16|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

644: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Boash-----------| 0-7 | 30-40|1.10-1.40| 0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.17|High-----|3.0-6.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4

 | 7-33 | 35-60|1.10-1.40| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.20|High-----|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 33-60 | 16-35|1.20-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Espelie---------| 0-10 | 8-18|1.30-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3

 | 10-34 | 3-10|1.35-1.60| 2.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 34-60 | 35-60|1.35-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.19|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------| 0-11 | 6-15|1.25-1.45| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.14|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2

 | 11-22 | 3-10|1.25-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.14|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | 22-34 | 1-10|1.20-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.07-0.12|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| |

 | 34-60 | 35-60|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.19|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

648: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Newfolden-------| 0-7 | 10-27|1.35-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22|Low------|3.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 5

 | 7-16 | 35-55|1.40-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.19|High-----|0.5-1.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 16-36 | 16-30|1.40-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.32| |

 | 36-60 | 16-30|1.40-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

649: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| 0-10 | 4-12|1.30-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|3.0-5.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 10-16 | 24-35|1.40-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate | --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 16-60 | 18-30|1.35-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Low------| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| 0-9 | 4-15|1.20-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.16-0.18|Low------|4.0-6.0| 0.20| 0.24| 5 | 3

 | 9-16 | 24-35|1.40-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate | --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 16-60 | 18-30|1.35-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Low------| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
302 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------| 0-8 | 8-18|1.30-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 3

 | 8-15 | 8-18|1.25-1.40| 2.00-20.00|0.09-0.17|Low------|0.0-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 15-31 | 2-10|1.25-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 31-60 | 35-70|1.35-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.19|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

652: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------| 0-8 | 27-30|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20|Low------|4.0-8.0| 0.32| 0.32| 3 | 4L

 | 8-15 | 18-24|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Low------| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 15-29 | 2-10|1.40-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.04|Low------| --- | 0.10| 0.15| |

 | 29-60 | 35-80|1.40-1.55| 0.06-0.20 |0.08-0.12|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

653: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| 0-2 | 8-27|1.20-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.20-0.24|Moderate | 15-35 | 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 5

 | 2-8 | 6-18|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.13-0.18|Moderate |5.0-20 | 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 8-21 | 18-35|1.35-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-5.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 21-60 | 16-32|1.40-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

708: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rushlake--------| 0-8 | 3-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|0.5-4.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 8-60 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.10| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-12 | 8-18|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|4.0-7.0| 0.24| 0.24| 3 | 3

 | 12-22 | 6-18|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.11-0.15|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 22-60 | 1-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------| 0-13 | 8-15|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 3

 | 13-19 | 12-18|1.25-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.12-0.18|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 19-31 | 2-10|1.45-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 31-60 | 16-30|1.35-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

721B: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 | 2-10|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2

 | 7-12 | 0-10|1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | 12-60 | 0-5 |1.50-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| 0-9 | 8-20|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24|Low------|2.0-5.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 5

 | 9-16 | 18-35|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 16-60 | 16-32|1.40-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

794: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearriver------| 0-9 | 5-15|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 9-14 | 3-10|1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | 14-60 | 1-5 |1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------| 0-8 | 40-60|1.20-1.35| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----|3.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4L

 | 8-23 | 40-60|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.16|High-----|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 23-60 | 40-60|1.25-1.40| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.16|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-15 | 40-60|1.10-1.30| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|4.0-10 | 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4

 | 15-31 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 31-60 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

936: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-9 | 10-27|1.30-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.10-0.16|Low------|2.0-5.0| 0.24| 0.24| 5 | 5

 | 9-30 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 30-60 | 35-60|1.20-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 303

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

936: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Reis------------| 0-7 | 28-40|1.25-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.22|Moderate |4.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 7-21 | 40-70|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.16|High-----|1.0-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 21-60 | 40-70|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.08-0.14|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

937: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------| 0-10 | 60-80|1.15-1.40| 0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.16|High-----|4.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 10-29 | 60-80|1.20-1.45| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.14|High-----|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 29-48 | 60-80|1.35-1.45| 0.00-0.06 |0.09-0.13|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 48-60 | 55-75|1.35-1.45| 0.00-0.06 |0.09-0.13|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| 0-13 | 55-75|1.00-1.20| 0.06-0.20 |0.13-0.16|High-----|3.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4

 | 13-23 | 60-85|1.15-1.45| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.14|High-----|1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 23-60 | 60-85|1.15-1.45| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.14|High-----|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

972: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.10-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.24|Moderate |3.0-7.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 9-17 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 17-60 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.20-1.35| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24|Low------|5.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 4L

 | 9-15 | 18-35|1.40-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.19|Moderate |1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 15-60 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| 0-4 | 6-18|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.24|Low------|3.0-10 | 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 5

 | 4-60 | 10-27|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.22|Moderate |0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----| 0-11 | 20-35|1.24-1.32| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22|Moderate |1.0-3.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 6

 | 11-60 | 15-30|1.24-1.32| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-14 | 1-15|1.50-1.70| 2.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| 5 | 2

 | 14-60 | 1-10|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.08|Low------| --- | 0.10| 0.10| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1031: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-14 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 3 | 8

 | 14-60 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1143: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| 0-33 | --- |0.15-0.40| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.48|---------| 80-95 | --- | --- | 2 | 2

 | 33-44 | 0-5 |1.50-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.15| |

 | 44-60 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-29 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 55-85 | --- | --- | 4 | 2

 | 29-60 | 0-10|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-10 | 12-18|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.30|Low------| 10-20 | 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3

 | 10-16 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.16|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 16-30 | 2-8 |1.35-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| |

 | 30-60 | 15-30|1.40-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| 0-9 | 5-15|1.20-1.50| 2.00-20.00|0.14-0.18|Low------|5.0-25 | 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3

 | 9-26 | 2-10|1.30-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 26-80 | 10-35|1.50-1.80| 0.20-2.00 |0.11-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
304 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1146: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| 0-15 | --- |0.18-0.25| 2.00-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 50-85 | --- | --- | 5 | 8

 | 15-21 | 3-18|1.45-1.65| 2.00-20.00|0.09-0.17|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | 21-28 | 1-10|1.55-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.11|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | 28-60 | 7-30|1.40-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1158: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| 0-7 | 10-18|1.25-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.18|Low------|4.0-9.0| 0.20| 0.24| 5 | 4L

 | 7-10 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.15|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.10| 0.20| |

 | 10-21 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.11-0.18|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | 21-60 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.11-0.18|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1170: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| 0-10 | 10-18|1.25-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.18|Low------|4.0-9.0| 0.20| 0.24| 5 | 4L

 | 10-13 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.15|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.10| 0.20| |

 | 13-19 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.11-0.18|Low------|0.5-2.0| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | 19-60 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.11-0.18|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1187: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| 0-31 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.60-6.00 |0.35-0.55|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 2 | 8

 | 31-42 | 22-40|1.10-1.25| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.25|Moderate | 10-20 | 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 42-60 | 35-60|1.40-1.65| 0.00-0.06 |0.00-0.04|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1188: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| 0-14 | --- |0.10-0.25| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 25-99 | --- | --- | 5 | 8

 | 14-23 | 60-75|1.35-1.45| 0.06-0.20 |0.00-0.04|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 23-60 | 50-75|1.40-1.55| 0.00-0.20 |0.00-0.04|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1189: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.20-6.00 |0.22-0.30|Low------| 10-20 | 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 6

 | 7-10 | 25-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-2.00 |0.13-0.22|Moderate |3.0-6.0| 0.24| 0.32| |

 | 10-60 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.19|High-----|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1191: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------| 0-4 | 5-15|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.14|Low------|2.0-4.0| 0.20| 0.20| 5 | 3

 | 4-8 | 2-10|1.45-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.08|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | 8-14 | 18-30|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.17|Moderate |0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 14-60 | 1-8 |1.50-1.70|20.00-40.00|0.03-0.06|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ulen------------| 0-10 | 5-12|1.35-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.13|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 10-21 | 5-12|1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | 21-60 | 1-7 |1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------| 0-9 | 10-20|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.20-0.23|Low------|4.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 3

 | 9-29 | 5-18|1.40-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.17-0.22|Low------|0.5-1.0| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 29-60 | 35-85|1.10-1.40| 0.00-0.20 |0.10-0.14|High-----|0.0-0.5| 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------| 0-8 | 10-20|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.20-0.22|Low------|4.0-8.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 3

 | 8-21 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.17-0.20|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 21-60 | 5-18|1.35-1.65| 2.00-20.00|0.15-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| 0-9 | 15-20|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.23|Low------|3.0-7.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 3

 | 9-60 | 5-18|1.35-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| 0-8 | 15-20|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.23|Low------|3.0-7.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 3

 | 8-17 | 10-18|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.17-0.20|Low------|1.0-2.0| 0.43| 0.43| |

 | 17-60 | 5-18|1.35-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.19|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 305

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Wheatville------| 0-9 | 5-18|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.16-0.20|Low------|3.0-6.0| 0.28| 0.28| 5 | 3

 | 9-29 | 5-18|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.21|Low------| --- | 0.28| 0.28| |

 | 29-60 | 35-80|1.15-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.14|High-----| --- | 0.28| 0.28| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1804: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| 0-9 | --- |0.18-0.22| 0.20-2.00 |0.35-0.48|Low------| 85-95 | --- | --- | 5 | 8

 | 9-21 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.19|Moderate |4.0-10 | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 21-60 | 18-35|1.40-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.19|Moderate |0.5-2.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1807: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-20 | --- |0.28-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.45-0.55|---------| 60-85 | --- | --- | 2 | 8

 | 20-36 | --- |0.15-0.30| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 60-85 | --- | --- | |

 | 36-60 | 10-30|1.50-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.11-0.22|Low------|1.0-5.0| --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1808: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-40 | --- |0.15-0.45| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45|---------| 55-85 | --- | --- | 4 | 8

 | 40-60 | 0-10|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.15| 0.15| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-12 | 40-65|1.00-1.20| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|4.0-8.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4

 | 12-37 | 40-65|1.15-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 37-60 | 40-65|1.15-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Radium----------| 0-14 | 1-8 |1.55-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 14-33 | 1-8 |1.55-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| |

 | 33-43 | 1-8 |1.55-1.75|20.00-40.00|0.02-0.05|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.17| |

 | 43-60 | 1-5 |1.55-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.17| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| 0-9 | --- |0.18-0.22| 0.20-2.00 |0.35-0.48|Low------| 85-95 | --- | --- | 5 | 2

 | 9-14 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.19|Moderate |4.0-10 | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 14-60 | 18-35|1.40-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.19|Moderate |0.5-2.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-8 | 8-18|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|4.0-7.0| 0.24| 0.24| 3 | 3

 | 8-27 | 6-18|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.11-0.15|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 27-60 | 1-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.20| 0.24| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-9 | 12-20|1.25-1.45| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.17|Low------|4.0-8.0| 0.20| 0.20| 3 | 3

 | 9-21 | 2-8 |1.35-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.09|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.10| 0.10| |

 | 21-60 | 15-30|1.40-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.18|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| 0-21 | --- |0.15-0.40| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.48|---------| 80-95 | --- | --- | 2 | 2

 | 21-35 | 0-5 |1.50-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.10|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.05| 0.15| |

 | 35-60 | 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.20-2.00 |0.14-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.32| 0.37| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-10 | 27-39|1.20-1.40| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.23|Moderate |3.0-7.0| 0.37| 0.37| 5 | 4L

 | 10-17 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |1.0-4.0| 0.37| 0.37| |

 | 17-60 | 18-34|1.30-1.80| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.22|Moderate |0.0-0.5| 0.43| 0.43| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-9 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.20-0.22|Moderate |4.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4L

 | 9-21 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.20|Moderate |0.0-5.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 21-60 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.20|Moderate |0.0-1.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-11 | 27-34|1.20-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.20-0.22|Moderate |4.0-7.0| 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4L

 | 11-19 | 18-34|1.20-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.16-0.20|Moderate |0.0-5.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 19-60 | 18-34|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.15-0.20|Moderate |0.0-1.0| 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |
306 Soil Survey of

 Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |Organic|_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | matter| | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| | K | Kf | T |group _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | Pct | | | | __ ___ ____ _____ _____ ___

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-14 | 40-60|1.10-1.30| 0.06-0.20 |0.15-0.18|High-----|4.0-10 | 0.32| 0.32| 5 | 4

 | 14-26 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | 26-60 | 40-60|1.20-1.50| 0.06-0.20 |0.14-0.17|High-----| --- | 0.32| 0.32| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

1966: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-11 | 8-18|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18|Low------|4.0-7.0| 0.24| 0.24| 3 | 3

 | 11-18 | 6-18|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.11-0.15|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | 18-60 | 1-6 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.24| 0.24| |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| 0-16 | 5-10|1.20-1.30| 2.00-20.00|0.10-0.12|Low------|1.0-3.0| 0.17| 0.17| 5 | 2

 | 16-60 | 0-7 |1.45-1.65| 2.00-20.00|0.06-0.08|Low------|0.0-0.5| 0.17| 0.17| |

 | | | | | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 307

Chemical Properties of the Soils

 (Absence of an entry indicates that data were not available or were not estimated)

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-9 | 27-34|25.0-40.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-1 | --- | 0-2

 | 9-29 | 18-34|15.0-25.0| 7.4-9.0 | 10-45 | 0-1 | --- | 0-3

 | 29-60 | 18-34|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0-5 | --- | 0-10

 | | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-11 | 40-60| --- | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 11-17 | 40-60| --- | 6.6-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 17-60 | 40-60| --- | 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

58: | | | | | | | |

 Kittson---------| 0-11 | 10-27|12.0-26.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 11-15 | 18-30|10.0-20.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 15-60 | 18-30|10.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------| 0-10 | 10-18|10.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-29 | 2-15| 2.0-12.0| 7.4-9.0 | 5-20 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | 29-60 | 10-30| 4.0-16.0| 7.4-9.0 | 15-35 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------| 0-8 | 10-20|10.0-24.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-14 | 10-25| 6.0-18.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-26 | 5-15| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 26-60 | 12-35| 6.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | | |

 Flaming---------| 0-15 | 2-10| 4.0-13.0| 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 15-60 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-9 | 10-26|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 9-16 | 18-34|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0-4 | 0-1

 | 16-60 | 18-34|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0-4 | 0-1

 | | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-8 | 10-26|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 8-14 | 18-34|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0-4 | 0-1

 | 14-60 | 18-34|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0-4 | 0-1

 | | | | | | | |

77: | | | | | | | |

 Garnes----------| 0-10 | 5-20| 3.0-14.0| 6.1-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-17 | 18-30|10.0-18.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 17-60 | 10-27| 5.0-14.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-11 | 27-39|15.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 11-21 | 18-34|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0-4 | 0-1

 | 21-60 | 18-34|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0-4 | 0-1

 | | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------| 0-8 | 8-18|10.0-26.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-14 | 5-15| 4.0-14.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-60 | 2-10| 2.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

116: | | | | | | | |

 Redby-----------| 0-6 | 2-10| 2.0-10.0| 5.1-6.5 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 6-36 | 1-8 | 1.0-5.0 | 5.1-6.5 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 36-60 | 0-6 | 0.0-4.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |
308 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

117: | | | | | | | |

 Cormant---------| 0-8 | 3-10| 5.0-26.0| 6.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-60 | 0-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

145: | | | | | | | |

 Enstrom---------| 0-7 | 4-15| 3.0-15.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-25 | 1-12| 1.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 25-60 | 10-35| 5.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

148: | | | | | | | |

 Poppleton-------| 0-6 | 2-10| 3.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 6-60 | 1-10| 1.0-6.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

157A: | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| 0-35 | 40-59| --- | 6.1-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 35-60 | 35-59| --- | 6.6-8.4 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

157B: | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| 0-22 | 40-59| --- | 6.1-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 22-60 | 35-59| --- | 6.6-8.4 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------| 0-9 | 18-27|15.0-30.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-16 | 18-30| 8.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 16-60 | 18-30| 7.0-19.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

187: | | | | | | | |

 Haug------------| 0-10 | --- | 100-180 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-18 | 10-18|14.0-26.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 18-60 | 10-18|10.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

205: | | | | | | | |

 Karlstad--------| 0-12 | 1-10| 2.0-15.0| 4.5-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-16 | 5-18| 2.0-15.0| 6.1-7.3 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 16-19 | 5-18| 1.0-15.0| 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 19-60 | 1-5 | 0.0-1.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| 0-9 | 18-27|20.0-32.0| 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 9-15 | 18-35|10.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-35 | 0-2 | 0-4 | ---

 | 15-60 | 18-35| 8.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0-2 | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------| 0-7 | 1-10| 2.0-12.0| 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-13 | 5-18| 3.0-12.0| 6.6-8.4 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 13-60 | 1-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------| 0-12 | 2-10| 2.0-12.0| 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-60 | 0-5 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

280: | | | | | | | |

 Pelan-----------| 0-6 | 5-20| 3.0-16.0| 6.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 6-12 | 15-25| 7.0-15.0| 6.1-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-24 | 1-8 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 24-60 | 8-18| 4.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| 0-7 | 5-10| 7.0-12.0| 6.1-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 7-20 | 0-7 | 3.0-9.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-1 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 20-60 | 0-7 | 3.0-9.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-2 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 309

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-8 | 10-30|12.0-36.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-13 | 5-15| 4.0-13.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 13-20 | 10-18| 5.0-13.0| 7.4-8.4 | 25-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | 20-60 | 7-18| 3.0-12.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

383: | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-8 | 10-30|12.0-36.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-11 | 5-15| 4.0-13.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 11-35 | 10-18| 5.0-13.0| 7.4-8.4 | 25-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | 35-60 | 7-18| 3.0-12.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| 0-4 | 10-18|12.0-36.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 4-18 | 20-35| 5.0-13.0| 7.4-8.4 | 25-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | 18-60 | 7-18| 3.0-12.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-9 | 18-27|15.0-28.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-17 | 18-35|10.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | 17-60 | 18-35| 8.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-35 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------| 0-10 | 8-18|10.0-22.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-16 | 10-27| 6.0-20.0| 7.9-8.4 | 15-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | 16-27 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | 27-60 | 18-35| 9.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

418: | | | | | | | |

 Lamoure---------| 0-21 | 27-34|25.0-32.0| 7.4-8.4 | 0-10 | --- | 0-4 | 1-2

 | 21-42 | 20-34|24.0-31.0| 7.4-8.4 | 9-20 | --- | 0-4 | 1-3

 | 42-60 | 20-34|16.0-23.0| 7.4-8.4 | 4-20 | 0-2 | 0-4 | 1-3

 | | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------| 0-13 | 4-9 | 4.0-14.0| 6.1-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 13-33 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 33-60 | 18-35| 6.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

429A: | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| 0-10 | 55-75|32.0-50.0| 6.6-7.3 | --- | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 10-29 | 60-85|32.0-50.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 29-60 | 60-85|30.0-45.0| 7.4-8.4 | 2-15 | 0-3 | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

432: | | | | | | | |

 Strandquist-----| 0-10 | 10-25| 8.0-25.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-30 | 1-8 | 2.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 30-60 | 15-30| 7.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-40 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | | |

 Syrene----------| 0-10 | 8-18| --- | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-19 | 10-30| --- | 7.9-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | 19-60 | 2-10| --- | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-9 | 12-18|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-15 | 10-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 15-32 | 2-8 | 2.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 32-60 | 15-30|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| 0-9 | 5-15| 6.0-20.0| 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-26 | 2-10| 1.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 26-60 | 10-35| 4.0-21.0| 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |
310 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

482: | | | | | | | |

 Grygla----------| 0-7 | 2-15| 2.0-16.0| 6.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-33 | 1-10| 1.0-8.0 | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 33-60 | 8-27| 4.0-14.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

514: | | | | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------| 0-29 | --- | 150-200 | 5.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 29-36 | --- | 150-200 | 5.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 36-60 | 5-35| 3.0-20.0| 5.6-8.4 | 0-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-8 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-60 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| 0-6 | --- | 150-180 | 4.5-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 6-60 | --- | 50-150 | 4.5-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-25 | --- | 110-170 | 4.5-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 25-60 | 0-10| 1.0-3.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-11 | --- | 120-170 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 11-25 | --- | 120-170 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 25-60 | 10-30| 2.0-25.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

546: | | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| 0-12 | --- | 100-200 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-60 | --- | 100-200 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------| 0-11 | --- | 90-190 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 11-15 | 2-18| 8.0-30.0| 6.1-8.4 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 15-60 | 0-10| 1.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

550: | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| 0-23 | --- | 40-180 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 23-31 | 35-60| 40-180 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 31-60 | 35-60|18.0-31.0| 6.1-8.4 | 0-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| 0-12 | --- | 100-170 | 5.1-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-20 | 3-18| 2.0-20.0| 5.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 20-34 | 1-10| 2.0-7.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 34-60 | 7-30| 4.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------| 0-8 | 5-15| 3.0-14.0| 6.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-28 | 2-10| 1.0-7.0 | 6.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 28-33 | 18-35| 8.0-18.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 33-60 | 16-32| 6.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-12 | 18-27|15.0-28.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-17 | 18-35|10.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | 17-60 | 18-35| 8.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 311

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

583: | | | | | | | |

 Nereson---------| 0-10 | 7-12|10.0-14.0| 6.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-18 | 10-18| 5.0-13.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 18-20 | 5-15| 3.0-11.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 20-33 | 7-18| 3.0-12.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 33-60 | 7-18| 3.0-12.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

630: | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| 0-9 | --- | 140-200 | 5.1-6.5 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-18 | 60-75|30.0-60.0| 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 18-60 | 50-75|30.0-60.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-10 | 40-60|26.0-42.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-20 | 35-60|18.0-36.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | 20-60 | 35-60|18.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-8 | 10-27| 8.0-24.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-20 | 35-60|18.0-36.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | 20-60 | 35-60|18.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | | |

 Huot------------| 0-9 | 5-15|10.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-16 | 8-15|10.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | 16-29 | 3-8 | 2.0-12.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 29-60 | 35-80|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

644: | | | | | | | |

 Boash-----------| 0-7 | 30-40|20.0-32.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-33 | 35-60|18.0-38.0| 6.6-7.8 | 5-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 33-60 | 16-35| 8.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | | |

 Espelie---------| 0-10 | 8-18| 8.0-18.0| 6.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-34 | 3-10| 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 34-60 | 35-60|16.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------| 0-11 | 6-15| 5.0-14.0| 6.6-7.3 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 11-22 | 3-10| 3.0-10.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 22-34 | 1-10| 1.0-6.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 34-60 | 35-60|16.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

648: | | | | | | | |

 Newfolden-------| 0-7 | 10-27|10.0-38.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-16 | 35-55|16.0-35.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 16-36 | 16-30| 6.0-19.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | 36-60 | 16-30| 6.0-19.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

649: | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| 0-10 | 4-12|15.0-20.0| 6.6-7.3 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 10-16 | 24-35|30.0-40.0| 6.6-7.3 | 0-10 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 16-60 | 18-30|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| 0-9 | 4-15|15.0-20.0| 6.6-7.3 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 9-16 | 24-35|30.0-40.0| 6.6-7.3 | 0-10 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 16-60 | 18-30|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-30 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |
312 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------| 0-8 | 8-18| 8.0-17.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-15 | 8-18| 4.0-11.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | 15-31 | 2-10| 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 31-60 | 35-70|24.0-50.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

652: | | | | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------| 0-8 | 27-30| --- | 7.4-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-15 | 18-24| --- | 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 15-29 | 2-10| --- | 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 29-60 | 35-80| --- | 7.4-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

653: | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| 0-2 | 8-27|30.0-90.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 2-8 | 6-18|12.0-50.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-21 | 18-35| 8.0-30.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 21-60 | 16-32| 6.0-25.0| 7.9-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

708: | | | | | | | |

 Rushlake--------| 0-8 | 3-10| 2.0-12.0| 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-60 | 1-10| 1.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-12 | 8-18| 8.0-24.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-22 | 6-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 22-60 | 1-6 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------| 0-13 | 8-15| 8.0-16.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 13-19 | 12-18| 8.0-16.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 19-31 | 2-10| 2.0-6.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 31-60 | 16-30| 8.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

721B: | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| 0-7 | 2-10| 3.0-12.0| 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-12 | 0-10| 1.0-6.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-60 | 0-5 | 0.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| 0-9 | 8-20| 7.0-22.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-16 | 18-35| 8.0-25.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 16-60 | 16-32| 8.0-25.0| 7.9-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

794: | | | | | | | |

 Clearriver------| 0-9 | 5-15| 4.0-13.0| 5.1-6.5 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-14 | 3-10| 1.0-6.0 | 5.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-60 | 1-5 | 1.0-3.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 1-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------| 0-8 | 40-60|26.0-44.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-23 | 40-60|18.0-36.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 23-60 | 40-60|18.0-32.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | 0-3 | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-15 | 40-60| --- | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 15-31 | 40-60| --- | 6.6-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 31-60 | 40-60| --- | 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

936: | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-9 | 10-27| 8.0-24.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-30 | 35-60|18.0-36.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | 30-60 | 35-60|18.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 313

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

936: | | | | | | | |

 Reis------------| 0-7 | 28-40|20.0-32.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-21 | 40-70|18.0-45.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 21-60 | 40-70|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 3-15 | 0-3 | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

937: | | | | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------| 0-10 | 60-80|10.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-15 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 10-29 | 60-80|20.0-40.0| 7.9-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 29-48 | 60-80|10.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | 0-1 | 0-4 | ---

 | 48-60 | 55-75|10.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | 0-3 | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| 0-13 | 55-75|32.0-50.0| 6.6-7.3 | --- | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 13-23 | 60-85|32.0-50.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 23-60 | 60-85|30.0-45.0| 7.4-8.4 | 2-15 | 0-3 | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

972: | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| 0-9 | 18-27|15.0-28.0| 6.6-8.4 | 5-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-17 | 18-35|10.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | 17-60 | 18-35| 8.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0-3 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| 0-9 | 18-27|20.0-32.0| 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 9-15 | 18-35|10.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-35 | 0-2 | 0-4 | ---

 | 15-60 | 18-35| 8.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | 12-25 | 0-2 | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| 0-4 | 6-18|10.0-33.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 4-60 | 10-27| 8.0-17.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----| 0-11 | 20-35|12.0-24.0| 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 11-60 | 15-30| 8.0-16.0| 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-14 | 1-15| 1.0-5.0 | 6.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-60 | 1-10| 1.0-3.0 | 6.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1031: | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| 0-14 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-60 | --- | 140-200 | 4.5-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1143: | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| 0-33 | --- | 115-160 | 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 33-44 | 0-5 | 2.0-8.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 44-60 | 18-30|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-29 | --- | 110-170 | 4.5-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 29-60 | 0-10| 1.0-3.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-10 | 12-18|25.0-51.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-16 | 10-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 16-30 | 2-8 | 2.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 30-60 | 15-30|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| 0-9 | 5-15| 5.0-20.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-26 | 2-10| 1.0-8.0 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 26-80 | 10-35| 4.0-21.0| 6.1-8.4 | 0-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |
314 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

1146: | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| 0-15 | --- | 100-170 | 5.1-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 15-21 | 3-18| 2.0-20.0| 5.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 21-28 | 1-10| 2.0-7.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 28-60 | 7-30| 4.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1158: | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| 0-7 | 10-18|15.0-30.0| 7.4-7.8 | 2-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-10 | 10-18|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 25-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-21 | 10-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 25-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | 21-60 | 10-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1170: | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| 0-10 | 10-18|15.0-30.0| 7.4-7.8 | 2-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-13 | 10-18|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 25-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | 13-19 | 10-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 25-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | 19-60 | 10-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1187: | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| 0-31 | --- | 150-230 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 31-42 | 22-40| 125-200 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 42-60 | 35-60|30.0-60.0| 6.1-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1188: | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| 0-14 | --- | 140-200 | 5.1-6.5 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-23 | 60-75|30.0-60.0| 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 23-60 | 50-75|30.0-60.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1189: | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| 0-7 | 18-27|27.0-56.0| 6.1-6.5 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 7-10 | 25-60|18.0-42.0| 6.6-7.8 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 10-60 | 35-60|18.0-36.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1191: | | | | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------| 0-4 | 5-15| 6.0-15.0| 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 4-8 | 2-10| 2.0-8.0 | 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-14 | 18-30|10.0-16.0| 6.1-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-60 | 1-8 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | | |

 Ulen------------| 0-10 | 5-12| 5.0-11.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 10-21 | 5-12| 3.0-5.0 | 7.9-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 21-60 | 1-7 | 2.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------| 0-9 | 10-20|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 9-29 | 5-18| 1.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 30-35 | 0-3 | 2-4 | ---

 | 29-60 | 35-85|20.0-50.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | 0-3 | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------| 0-8 | 10-20| 8.0-18.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-25 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 8-21 | 10-18| 6.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-40 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 21-60 | 5-18| 3.0-10.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-30 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| 0-9 | 15-20|12.0-24.0| 7.4-9.0 | 15-25 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 9-60 | 5-18| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-9.0 | 15-35 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| 0-8 | 15-20|12.0-24.0| 7.4-9.0 | 15-25 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 8-17 | 10-18| 6.0-14.0| 7.4-9.0 | 20-40 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 17-60 | 5-18| 2.0-10.0| 7.4-9.0 | 15-35 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 315

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | | |

 Wheatville------| 0-9 | 5-18| --- | 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 9-29 | 5-18| --- | 7.4-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 29-60 | 35-80| --- | 7.4-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1804: | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| 0-9 | --- | 160-200 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-21 | 18-35|16.0-28.0| 5.1-7.8 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 21-60 | 18-35|10.0-22.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1807: | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| 0-20 | --- | 150-230 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 20-36 | --- | 150-230 | 4.5-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 36-60 | 10-30| 2.0-20.0| 5.6-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1808: | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| 0-40 | --- | 110-170 | 4.5-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 40-60 | 0-10| 1.0-3.0 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-12 | 40-65| --- | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 12-37 | 40-65| --- | 6.6-8.4 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 37-60 | 40-65| --- | 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | | |

 Radium----------| 0-14 | 1-8 | 3.0-12.0| 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-33 | 1-8 | 2.0-8.0 | 6.6-8.4 | 2-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 33-43 | 1-8 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 43-60 | 1-5 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| 0-9 | --- | 160-200 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-14 | 18-35|16.0-28.0| 5.1-7.8 | 0-10 | --- | --- | ---

 | 14-60 | 18-35|10.0-22.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-8 | 8-18| 8.0-24.0| 7.9-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 8-27 | 6-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.9-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 27-60 | 1-6 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| 0-9 | 12-20|15.0-35.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 9-21 | 2-8 | 2.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-15 | --- | --- | ---

 | 21-60 | 15-30|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 20-45 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| 0-21 | --- | 115-160 | 5.6-7.3 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | 21-35 | 0-5 | 2.0-8.0 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5 | --- | --- | ---

 | 35-60 | 18-30|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| 0-10 | 27-39|15.0-30.0| 7.4-8.4 | 1-10 | --- | 0-4 | ---

 | 10-17 | 18-34|10.0-25.0| 7.4-8.4 | 10-20 | 0-2 | 0-4 | 0-1

 | 17-60 | 18-34|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-35 | 0-3 | 0-4 | 0-1

 | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-9 | 27-34|25.0-40.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-1 | --- | 0-2

 | 9-21 | 18-34|15.0-25.0| 7.4-9.0 | 10-45 | 0-1 | --- | 0-3

 | 21-60 | 18-34|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0-5 | --- | 0-10

 | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| 0-11 | 27-34|25.0-40.0| 6.6-8.4 | 0-10 | 0-1 | --- | 0-2

 | 11-19 | 18-34|15.0-25.0| 7.4-9.0 | 10-45 | 0-1 | --- | 0-3

 | 19-60 | 18-34|10.0-20.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | 0-5 | --- | 0-10

 | | | | | | | |
316 Soil Survey of

 Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Cation- | Soil | Calcium | Gypsum |Salinity| Sodium

 and soil name | | |exchange |reaction |carbonate| | |adsorption

 | | |capacity | | | | | ratio ____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | Pct |meq/100g | pH | Pct | Pct |mmhos/cm| __ ___ ________ __ ___ ___ ________

 | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| 0-14 | 40-60| --- | 6.6-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 14-26 | 40-60| --- | 6.6-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 26-60 | 40-60| --- | 7.9-8.4 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | |

1966: | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| 0-11 | 8-18| 8.0-24.0| 7.4-8.4 | 5-20 | --- | --- | ---

 | 11-18 | 6-18| 5.0-15.0| 7.4-8.4 | 15-30 | --- | --- | ---

 | 18-60 | 1-6 | 1.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| 0-16 | 5-10| 7.0-12.0| 6.1-7.8 | --- | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | 16-60 | 0-7 | 3.0-9.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-2 | --- | 0-2 | ---

 | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 317

Water Features

("Flooding" and "water table" and terms such as "rare," "brief," "apparent," and "perched" are explained in

 the text. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not

 estimated)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding | |________________________________|____________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name | logic| Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.5 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

58: | | | | | | | | |

 Kittson---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | | | |

 Flaming---------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

77: | | | | | | | | |

 Garnes----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

116: | | | | | | | | |

 Redby-----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-2.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

117: | | | | | | | | |

 Cormant---------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

145: | | | | | | | | |

 Enstrom---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

148: | | | | | | | | |

 Poppleton-------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

157A: | | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| C |Occasional |Brief-----| Mar-Jun | 2.5-3.5 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

157B: | | | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| C |Occasional |Brief-----| Mar-Jun | 2.5-3.5 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

187: | | | | | | | | |

 Haug------------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |
318 Soil Survey of

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding | |________________________________|____________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name | logic| Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

205: | | | | | | | | |

 Karlstad--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

280: | | | | | | | | |

 Pelan-----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

383: | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+0.5-1.0 |Apparent---| Oct-Jul | --- | 0.5

 | | | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

418: | | | | | | | | |

 Lamoure---------| C |Occasional |Brief-----| Mar-Oct | 0.0-1.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

429A: | | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

432: | | | | | | | | |

 Strandquist-----| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | | | |

 Syrene----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

482: | | | | | | | | |

 Grygla----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

514: | | | | | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Sep-May | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 319

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding | |________________________________|____________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name | logic| Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| A/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

546: | | | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Sep-May | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

550: | | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-May | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jul | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-2.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

583: | | | | | | | | |

 Nereson---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

630: | | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | | | |

 Huot------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

644: | | | | | | | | |

 Boash-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | | | |

 Espelie---------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

648: | | | | | | | | |

 Newfolden-------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

649: | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
320 Soil Survey of

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding | |________________________________|____________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name | logic| Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

652: | | | | | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

653: | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

708: | | | | | | | | |

 Rushlake--------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

721B: | | | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

794: | | | | | | | | |

 Clearriver------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.0-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.5 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

936: | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Reis------------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

937: | | | | | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-2.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

972: | | | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| D |Frequent---|Long------| Mar-Jul | 0.0-3.0 |Apparent---| Mar-Feb | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----| C |Rare-------| --- | --- | 2.5-5.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| A |None-------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1031: | | | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| D |None-------| --- | --- |+3.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 321

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding | |________________________________|____________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name | logic| Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

1143: | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Nov-Jun | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jul | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1146: | | | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- |+2.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 2.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1158: | | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1170: | | | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Mar-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1187: | | | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| D |None-------| --- | --- |+2.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 2.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1188: | | | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| D |None-------| --- | --- |+2.0-0.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 2.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1189: | | | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1191: | | | | | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | | | |

 Ulen------------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | | | |

 Wheatville------| B |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1804: | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1807: | | | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| D |None-------| --- | --- |+3.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 3.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1808: | | | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |Rare-------| --- | --- |+0.5-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 0.5

 | | | | | | | | |
322 Soil Survey of

 Water Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Flooding | High water table and ponding | |________________________________|____________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| | | | Water | | | | Maximum

 and soil name | logic| Frequency | Duration | Months | table | Kind of | Months | Ponding | ponding

 |group | | | | depth |water table| | duration | depth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | Ft | | | | Ft __ __

 | | | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | | | |

 Radium----------| A |None-------| --- | --- | 2.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Oct | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- |+1.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | 1.0

 | | | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.0 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| B/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-0.5 |Apparent---| Jan-Dec | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| C |None-------| --- | --- | 1.5-3.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| C/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jul | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.5 |Apparent---| Sep-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

1966: | | | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.5-1.5 |Apparent---| Apr-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| A/D |None-------| --- | --- | 0.0-1.5 |Apparent---| Oct-Jun | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 323

Soil Features

(Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not

 estimated)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _______________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

47: | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

57A: | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

58: | | | | | | |

 Kittson---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

59: | | | | | | |

 Grimstad--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

65: | | | | | | |

 Foxhome---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

66: | | | | | | |

 Flaming---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

67B: | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

77: | | | | | | |

 Garnes----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

93A: | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

111: | | | | | | |

 Hangaard--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

116: | | | | | | |

 Redby-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

117: | | | | | | |

 Cormant---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

145: | | | | | | |

 Enstrom---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

148: | | | | | | |

 Poppleton-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

157A: | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

157B: | | | | | | |

 Wahpeton--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

184A: | | | | | | |

 Hamerly---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

187: | | | | | | |

 Haug------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

205: | | | | | | |

 Karlstad--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |
324 Soil Survey of

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _______________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

236: | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

242B: | | | | | | |

 Marquette-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

258B: | | | | | | |

 Sandberg--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

280: | | | | | | |

 Pelan-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

372: | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

379: | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

383: | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

384: | | | | | | |

 Percy-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

387: | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

412: | | | | | | |

 Mavie-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

418: | | | | | | |

 Lamoure---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

426: | | | | | | |

 Foldahl---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

429A: | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

432: | | | | | | |

 Strandquist-----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

435: | | | | | | |

 Syrene----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

439: | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

481: | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

482: | | | | | | |

 Grygla----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

514: | | | | | | |

 Tacoosh---------| >60 | --- | 4-20 | 9-29 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

540: | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| >60 | --- | --- | 50-55 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

541: | | | | | | |

 Rifle-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 325

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _______________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

543: | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| >60 | --- | --- | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

544: | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| >60 | --- | --- | 19-22 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

546: | | | | | | |

 Lupton----------| >60 | --- | 6-18 | 50-55 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

547: | | | | | | |

 Deerwood--------| >60 | --- | --- | 5-10 |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

550: | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| >60 | --- | 4-12 | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

563: | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| >60 | --- | 0-3 | 8-10 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

565: | | | | | | |

 Eckvoll---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

582: | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

583: | | | | | | |

 Nereson---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

630: | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| >60 | --- | 0-6 | 6-12 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

641: | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

642: | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

643: | | | | | | |

 Huot------------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

644: | | | | | | |

 Boash-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

645: | | | | | | |

 Espelie---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

647: | | | | | | |

 Hilaire---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

648: | | | | | | |

 Newfolden-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

649: | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

650: | | | | | | |

 Reiner----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

651: | | | | | | |

 Thiefriver------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

652: | | | | | | |

 Wyandotte-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |
326 Soil Survey of

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _______________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

653: | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

708: | | | | | | |

 Rushlake--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

712: | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

713: | | | | | | |

 Linveldt--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

721B: | | | | | | |

 Corliss---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

765: | | | | | | |

 Smiley----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

794: | | | | | | |

 Clearriver------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

935: | | | | | | |

 Hegne-----------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

936: | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Reis------------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

937: | | | | | | |

 Eaglepoint------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Northcote-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

972: | | | | | | |

 Roliss----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Vallers---------| >80 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1006: | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Haploborolls----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1030: | | | | | | |

 Pits. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1031: | | | | | | |

 Seelyeville-----| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

1143: | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| >60 | --- | --- | 19-22 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| >60 | --- | --- | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1144: | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Kratka----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 327

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _______________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

1146: | | | | | | |

 Northwood-------| >60 | --- | 0-3 | 8-10 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1158: | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1170: | | | | | | |

 Skagen----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1187: | | | | | | |

 Dora------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1188: | | | | | | |

 Wildwood--------| >60 | --- | 0-6 | 6-12 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1189: | | | | | | |

 Clearwater------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1191: | | | | | | |

 Sahkahtay-------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1264: | | | | | | |

 Ulen------------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|Low---------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1297: | | | | | | |

 Augsburg--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1299: | | | | | | |

 Borup-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1304A: | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1304B: | | | | | | |

 Glyndon---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1315A: | | | | | | |

 Wheatville------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1804: | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1807: | | | | | | |

 Cathro----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1808: | | | | | | |

 Markey----------| >60 | --- | --- | 25-30 |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1871: | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1874: | | | | | | |

 Radium----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Low---------|Moderate----|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1878: | | | | | | |

 Hamre-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1882: | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Strathcona------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Berner----------| >60 | --- | --- | 19-22 |High--------|High--------|Moderate.

 | | | | | | |
328

 Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | Bedrock | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion ________________________________ _______________________

 Map symbol | | | | | Potential | Uncoated |

 and soil name | Depth |Hardness|Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________________

 | In | | In | In | | | __ __ __

 | | | | | | |

1963: | | | | | | |

 Bearden---------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1964: | | | | | | |

 Colvin----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Fargo-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |High--------|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

1966: | | | | | | |

 Rosewood--------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | |

 Hamar-----------| >60 | --- | --- | --- |Moderate----|High--------|Low.

 | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________
329

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1986.

Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and testing.

14th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1993. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Arndt, B. Michael. 1977. Stratigraphy of offshore sediment, Lake Agassiz, North

Dakota. North Dakota Geological Survey, Report of Investigation 60.

Hobbs, Howard C., and Joseph E. Goebel. 1982. Geologic map of Minnesota—

Quaternary geology. U.S. Geological Survey.

Minnesota Agricultural Statistics Service. 1991. Minnesota agriculture statistics. U.S.

Department of Agriculture and Minnesota Department of Agriculture.

Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation District. 1986. Windbreaks. Minnesota Tree

Handbook.

Nikiforoff, C.C. 1939. Soil survey (reconnaissance) of the Red River Valley Area,

Minnesota. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Soil Survey Division, Series 1933,

number 25.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1975. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil

classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. Soil Conservation Service,

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1993. Soil survey manual. U.S. Department

of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Wright, H.E., Jr. 1972. Quaternary history of Minnesota. In Geology of Minnesota: A

centennial volume. Minnesota Geological Survey, pp. 515-547.

References

331

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during the

final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of crudely

sorted sand and gravel are common.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air

from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated

soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in

a poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds.

Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or

logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness

characterized by saturation, reduction, and

redoximorphic features.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and

other uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a

characteristic repeating pattern and defined and

delineated as a single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity,

in inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer

is expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate ........................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high ................................................more than 12

Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms

the steepest inclined surface and principal

element of many hillslopes. Backslopes in profile

are commonly steep and linear and descend to a

footslope. In terms of gradational process,

backslopes are erosional forms produced mainly

by mass wasting and running water.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the

ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material

having cation-exchange properties is saturated

with exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na,

and K), expressed as a percentage of the total

cation-exchange capacity.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian,

lacustrine, or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed

at the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar

material, and designed to make the soil suitable

for tillage and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of

which consists of an illuvial horizon and the

overlying eluvial horizons.

Blowout. A shallow depression from which all or

most of the soil material has been removed by

wind. A blowout has a flat or irregular floor

formed by a resistant layer or by an accumulation

of pebbles or cobbles. In some blowouts the

water table is exposed.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical,

or biological methods to make conditions

favorable for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate

competition from woody vegetation and thus

allow understory grasses and forbs to recover.

Brush management increases forage production

and thus reduces the hazard of erosion. It can

improve the habitat for some species of wildlife.

Glossary
332 Soil Survey of

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated

with cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

California bearing ratio (CBR). The load-supporting

capacity of a soil as compared to that of a

standard crushed limestone, expressed as a

ratio. First standardized in California. A soil

having a CBR of 16 supports 16 percent of the

load that would be supported by standard

crushed limestone, per unit area, with the same

degree of distortion.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of

electricity. The common soil cations are calcium,

potassium, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the

soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per

100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at

some other stated pH value. The term, as applied

to soils, is synonymous with base-exchange

capacity but is more precise in meaning.

Catsteps. Very small, irregular terraces on steep

hillsides, especially in pasture, formed by the

trampling of cattle or the slippage of saturated

soil.

Channery soil material. Soil material that is, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or

loosen hard, compacted layers to a depth below

normal plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles

less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil

textural class, soil material that is 40 percent or

more clay, less than 45 percent sand, and less

than 40 percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese and

the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A type

of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Climax plant community. The stabilized plant

community on a particular site. The plant cover

reproduces itself and does not change so long as

the environment remains the same.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to

25 centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that is 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded

rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil

material is 35 to 60 percent of these rock

fragments, and extremely cobbly soil material is

more than 60 percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of

soil or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate

pattern or so small in area that it is not practical

to map them separately at the selected scale of

mapping. The pattern and proportion of the soils

or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in

all areas.

Compressible (in tables). Excessive decrease in

volume of soft soil under load.

Concretions. Grains, pellets, or nodules of various

sizes, shapes, and colors consisting of

concentrated compounds or cemented soil

grains. The composition of most concretions is

unlike that of the surrounding soil. Calcium

carbonate and iron oxide are common

compounds in concretions.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the soil-depleting

crops and practices. Cropping systems are

needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving practices

in a conservation cropping system include the

use of rotations that contain grasses and

legumes and the return of crop residue to the
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 333

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. Any tillage and planting

system in which a cover of crop residue is

maintained on at least 30 percent of the surface

after planting in order to reduce the hazard of

water erosion; in areas where wind erosion is the

primary concern, a system that maintains a

cover of at least 1,000 pounds of flat residue of

small grain or its equivalent during the critical

erosion period.

Consistence, soil. The feel of the soil and the ease

with which a lump can be crushed by the fingers.

Terms commonly used to describe consistence

are:

Loose.—Noncoherent when dry or moist; does

not hold together in a mass.

Friable.—When moist, crushes easily under

gentle pressure between thumb and forefinger

and can be pressed together into a lump.

Firm.—When moist, crushes under moderate

pressure between thumb and forefinger, but

resistance is distinctly noticeable.

Plastic.—Readily deformed by moderate

pressure but can be pressed into a lump; will

form a “wire” when rolled between thumb and

forefinger.

Sticky.—Adheres to other material and tends to

stretch somewhat and pull apart rather than to

pull free from other material.

Hard.—When dry, moderately resistant to

pressure; can be broken with difficulty between

thumb and forefinger.

Soft.—When dry, breaks into powder or individual

grains under very slight pressure.

Cemented.—Hard; little affected by moistening.

Contour stripcropping (or contour farming).

Growing crops in strips that follow the contour.

Strips of grass or close-growing crops are

alternated with strips of clean-tilled crops or

summer fallow.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including

the living branches and their foliage.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer

that has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams

per cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the

ease of digging and can affect filling and

compacting.

Depth, soil. The thickness of the soil over bedrock.

Very deep soils are more than 60 inches deep

over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Depth to rock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the

surface for the specified use.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency

and duration of periods of saturation or partial

saturation during soil formation, as opposed to

altered drainage, which is commonly the result of

artificial drainage or irrigation but may be caused

by the sudden deepening of channels or the

blocking of drainage outlets. Seven classes of

natural soil drainage are recognized:

Excessively drained.—These soils have very

high and high hydraulic conductivity and a low

water-holding capacity. They are not suited to

crop production unless irrigated.

Somewhat excessively drained.—These soils

have high hydraulic conductivity and a low waterholding capacity. Without irrigation, only a narrow

range of crops can be grown and yields are low.

Well drained.—These soils have an intermediate

or high water-holding capacity. They retain

optimum amounts of moisture, but they are not

wet close enough to the surface or long enough

during the growing season to adversely affect

yields.

Moderately well drained.—These soils are wet

close enough to the surface or long enough that

planting or harvesting operations or yields of
334 Soil Survey of

most field crops are affected. Moderately well

drained soils commonly have a layer with low

hydraulic conductivity, a wet layer relatively high

in the profile, additions of water by seepage, or

some combination of these.

Somewhat poorly drained.—These soils are wet

close enough to the surface or long enough that

planting or harvesting operations or crop growth

is markedly restricted under natural conditions.

Somewhat poorly drained soils commonly have a

layer with low hydraulic conductivity, a wet layer

high in the profile, additions of water through

seepage, or a combination of these.

Poorly drained.—These soils commonly are so

wet at or near the surface during a considerable

part of the year that field crops cannot be grown

under natural conditions. Poor drainage is caused

by a saturated zone, a layer with low hydraulic

conductivity, seepage, or a combination of these.

Very poorly drained.—These soils are wet to the

surface most of the time. The wetness prevents

the growth of important crops (except for rice)

under natural conditions.

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drumlin. A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound,

or ridge of compact glacial till. The longer axis is

parallel to the path of the glacier and commonly

has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from

which the ice approached.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface

to underlying pure humus.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost

material through eluviation are eluvial; those that

have received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation.

It receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above

the water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of

human or animal activities or of a catastrophe in

nature, such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. The term is more often applied

to cliffs resulting from differential erosion.

Esker. A narrow, winding ridge of stratified gravelly

and sandy drift deposited by a stream flowing in

a tunnel beneath a glacier.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Excess lime (in tables). Excess carbonates in the

soil that restrict the growth of some plants.

Excess salts (in tables). Excess water-soluble salts

in the soil that restrict the growth of most plants.

Excess sodium (in tables). Excess exchangeable

sodium in the soil. The resulting poor physical

properties restrict the growth of plants.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to

provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and

in proper balance, for the growth of specified

plants when light, moisture, temperature, tilth,

and other growth factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 335

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Firebreak. An area cleared of flammable material to

stop or help control creeping or running fires. It

also serves as a line from which to work and to

facilitate the movement of firefighters and

equipment. Designated roads also serve as

firebreaks.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flaggy soil material. Material that is, by volume, 15

to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15

to 38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders

a stream and is subject to inundation under floodstage conditions unless protected artificially. It is

generally a constructional landform consisting of

sediment deposited during overflow and lateral

migration of the stream.

Footslope. The geomorphic component that forms

the inner, gently inclined surface at the base of a

hillslope. The surface is dominantly concave. In

terms of gradational processes, a footslope is a

transition zone between an upslope site of

erosion (backslope) and a downslope site of

deposition (toeslope).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be

differentiated from other stands.

Fragile (in tables). A soil that is easily damaged by

use or disturbance.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a

higher bulk density than the horizon or horizons

above. When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly

under pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads, buildings

and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming

factors responsible for the formation of the solum,

or true soil, from the unconsolidated parent

material.

Geomorphology. The science that treats the general

configuration of the earth’s surface; specifically

the study of the classification, description,

nature, origin, and development of landforms and

their relationships to underlying structures, and

the history of geologic changes as recorded by

these surface features. The term is especially

applied to the genetic interpretation of landforms.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glacial outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly

stratified, deposited by glacial meltwater.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The

deposits are stratified and occur as kames,

eskers, deltas, and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from

fine clay to sand derived from glaciers and

deposited in glacial lakes mainly by glacial

meltwater. Many deposits are interbedded or

laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

grade toward a protected waterway.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to 50

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores

of underlying material below the water table.
336 Soil Survey of

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 3 or

more. Typical color in areas of iron

concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 6 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel

to the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. The major

horizons of mineral soil are as follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which

was originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the

main feature is loss of silicate clay, iron,

aluminum, or some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying

C horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon,

but it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff-producing

characteristics. The chief consideration is the

inherent capacity of soil bare of vegetation to

permit infiltration. The slope and the kind of plant

cover are not considered but are separate factors

in predicting runoff. Soils are assigned to four

groups. In group A are soils having a high

infiltration rate when thoroughly wet and having a

low runoff potential. They are mainly deep, well

drained, and sandy or gravelly. In group D, at the

other extreme, are soils having a very slow

infiltration rate and thus a high runoff potential.

They have a claypan or clay layer at or near the

surface, have a permanent high water table, or

are shallow over nearly impervious bedrock or

other material. A soil is assigned to two

hydrologic groups if part of the acreage is

artificially drained and part is undrained.

Ice-walled lake plain. A relict surface marking the

floor of an extinct lake basin that was formed on

solid ground and surrounded by stagnant ice in a

stable or unstable superglacial environment on

stagnation moraines. As the ice melted, the lake

plain became perched above the adjacent

landscape. The lake plain is well sorted,

generally fine textured, stratified deposits.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 337

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the

time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement

of water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant,

usually expressed in inches per hour. The rate

can be limited by the infiltration capacity of the

soil or the rate at which water is applied at the

surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not

a constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ................................................ very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ..........................................moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ..................................................moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ....................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 ........................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................... very high

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or

other surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron concentrations. High-chroma zones having a

high content of iron and manganese oxide

because of chemical oxidation and accumulation,

but having a clay content similar to that of the

adjacent matrix. A type of redoximorphic

concentration.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a

clay content similar to that of the adjacent matrix.

A type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is

controlled by small earth ridges called border

dikes, or borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in

only one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil

surface through pipes or nozzles from a pressure

system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches

or tile lines until the water table is raised enough

to wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Kame. An irregular, short ridge or hill of stratified

glacial drift.

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above

adjacent landforms.

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Lake bed. The bottom of a lake; a lake basin.

Lake plain. A nearly level surface marking the floor

of an extinct lake filled by well-sorted, generally

fine-textured, stratified deposits, commonly

containing varves.

Lakeshore. A narrow strip of land in contact with or

bordering a lake; especially the beach of a lake.

Lake terrace. A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly

built, produced along a lake shore in front of a

scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when

the water level falls.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass

of soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches
338 Soil Survey of

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil

or other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 2 or

less. Typical color in areas of iron depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return little organic matter to the

soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting

chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in

approximately equal amounts.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined

boundary with the surrounding soil material and

cannot be removed as a discrete unit. Common

compounds making up masses are calcium

carbonate, gypsum or other soluble salts, iron

oxide, and manganese oxide. Masses consisting

of iron oxide or manganese oxide generally are

considered a type of redoximorphic

concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical

equipment for seeding, brush management, and

other management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical

composition, or structure by heat, pressure, and

movement. Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base

saturation and pedogenic soil structure. It may

include the upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of glacial drift in a

topographic landform resulting chiefly from the

direct action of glacial ice. Some types are

lateral, recessional, and terminal.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are

as follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to

15 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and

coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6

inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a

color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of

4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value between 6.6

and 7.3. (See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the

air and water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 339

in various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................. less than 0.5 percent

Low ............................................... 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ...................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High .............................................. 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash plain. An extensive area of glaciofluvial

material that was deposited by meltwater

streams.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely

undecomposed organic matter, that has

accumulated under excess moisture. (See Fibric

soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that

mantles an erosion surface and has been

transported to its present position from higher

lying areas of the erosion surface.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a

soil.” A pedon is three dimensional and large

enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area

ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet (1

square meter to 10 square meters), depending on

the variability of the soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of

water through the soil adversely affects the

specified use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables

water to move downward through the profile.

Permeability is measured as the number of

inches per hour that water moves downward

through the saturated soil. Terms describing

permeability are:

Extremely slow ............................ less than 0.01 inch

Very slow ......................................... 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow ................................................... 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................... 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate .................................. 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid .............................. 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ................................................ 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................... more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management,

such as slope, stoniness, and thickness.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the

soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plateau. An extensive upland mass with relatively flat

summit area that is considerably elevated (more

than 100 meters) above adjacent lowlands and

separated from them on one or more sides by

escarpments.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference

in size of the particles, density can be increased

only slightly by compaction.

Poor outlets (in tables). Refers to areas where

surface or subsurface drainage outlets are

difficult or expensive to install.

Potential native plant community. See Climax plant

community.

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the

content of moisture in the soil were adequate.

The soil has no properties restricting the

penetration of roots to this depth.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to

pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in
340 Soil Survey of

reaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Extremely acid ..................................... less than 4.5

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid ......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ....................................................... 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline........................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ........................ 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron

or manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a

combination of iron and manganese oxide and

clay has been removed. These zones are

indications of the chemical reduction of iron

resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions,

reduced matrices, a positive reaction to

alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, and other features

indicating the chemical reduction and oxidation of

iron and manganese compounds resulting from

saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma

in situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land

surface, considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from

accelerated erosion. A rill is generally a few

inches deep and not wide enough to be an

obstacle to farm machinery.

Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical

means during road construction. It is commonly on

the uphill side of the road.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The

soil is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts

roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be

penetrated by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off

the surface of the land without sinking into the

soil is called surface runoff. Water that enters the

soil before reaching surface streams is called

ground-water runoff or seepage flow from ground

water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline

soil does not contain excess exchangeable

sodium.

Salty water (in tables). Water that is too salty for

consumption by livestock.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters

in diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz.

As a soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent

or more sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck

has the least amount of plant fiber, the highest

bulk density, and the lowest water content at

saturation of all organic soil material.

Saprolite. Unconsolidated residual material

underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock

below.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or

positive pressure of the soil water. Under

conditions of saturation, the water will flow from

the soil matrix into an unlined auger hole.

Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching,

loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to

increase water absorption or to provide a more

tillable soil.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from

sand; shale, formed from clay; and limestone,
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 341

formed from soft masses of calcium carbonate.

There are many intermediate types. Some winddeposited sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See

Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that

are almost alike, except for differences in texture

of the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition,

thickness, and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of

a clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer

of soil material from the land surface by the

action of rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The hillslope position that forms the

uppermost inclined surface near the top of a

hillslope. It comprises the transition zone from

backslope to summit. The surface is dominantly

convex in profile and erosional in origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class,

soil that is 80 percent or more silt and less than

12 percent clay.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land

uses in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest

site based on the height of the dominant stand at

an arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the

average height attained by dominant and

codominant trees in a fully stocked stand at the

age of 50 years is 75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of

blocks, prisms, and columns; and in swelling

clayey soils, where there is marked change in

moisture content.

Slippage (in tables). Soil mass susceptible to

movement downslope when loaded, excavated,

or wet.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Sloughed till. Water-saturated till that has flowed

slowly downhill from its original place of deposit

by glacial ice. It may rest on other till, on glacial

outwash, or on a glaciolacustrine deposit.

Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water

into the soil.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small

stones adversely affect the specified use of the

soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers,

and other equipment commonly used in

construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and

has properties resulting from the integrated effect

of climate and living matter acting on earthy

parent material, as conditioned by relief over

periods of time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ........................................ 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ............................................ 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ................................................ 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ......................................... 0.10 to 0.05

Silt .........................................................0.05 to 0.002

Clay ................................................... less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of
342 Soil Survey of

the substratum. The living roots and plant and

animal activities are largely confined to the

solum.

Stone line. A concentration of rock fragments in a

soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies

material that weathered in place and is overlain

by recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are: platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of

aggregates longer than horizontal), columnar

(prisms with rounded tops), blocky (angular or

subangular), and granular. Structureless soils are

either single grain (each grain by itself, as in

dune sand) or massive (the particles adhering

without any regular cleavage, as in many

hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part

of the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter or loosen a layer that

restricts roots.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E,

AB, or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope profile and exhibiting a nearly level

surface. A general term for the top, or highest

level of a landform, such as a hill, mountain, or

tableland. It usually refers to a high interfluve

area of gentler slope that is flanked by steeper

hillslopes, for example, mountain fronts or

tableland escarpments.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in

depth from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all

subdivisions of these horizons.

Swale. A slight depression in the midst of generally

level land. A shallow depression in an undulating

ground moraine due to uneven glacial deposition.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small

to be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick glacial drift that

generally marks the termination of important

glacial advances.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field is generally built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the

sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil

material too thin for the specified use.

Till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift consisting of

clay, silt, sand, and boulders transported and

deposited by glacial ice.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating or gently sloping soils that are

underlain by till or consist of till. Slopes are 0 to 6

percent.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as

related to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The outermost inclined surface at the base

of a hill. Toeslopes are commonly gentle and

linear in profile.
Marshall County, Minnesota—Part II 343

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Toxicity (in tables). Excessive amount of toxic

substances, such as salts, that severely hinder

establishment of vegetation or severely restrict

plant growth.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in

soils in extremely small amounts. They are

essential to plant growth.

Unstable fill (in tables). Risk of caving or sloughing

on banks of fill material.

Upland (geology). Land at a higher elevation, in

general, than the alluvial plain or stream terrace;

land above the lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence

of laminae deposited in a body of still water

within a year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional

areas that are excavated at an angle across a

sloping road. They are used to reduce the

downward velocity of water and divert it off and

away from the road surface. Water bars can

easily be driven over if constructed properly.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees

by the wind.