# OAR Box 1830

Prepped byOllie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 9 ) IV-B-5 Docket Number: 

# A-87-1 1

Printed 11/13/20087:20:51 AM Sheet 9of 232 p. 1» afm

Yu UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y \mf* PHS^r AN N ARBOR . MICHIGA N 4810 5 P. 2 

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### JU L7198 8

MEMORANDU

M SUBJECT : FROM : TO : THRU : Displace d Vapo r During Refueling

Kare nLostoski , Mechanica l Enginee r c^C^ou* ^ tfryWy-v-of Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branc h Cheste r J . France , Chie f Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branc h Joh nF . Anderson , Senio r Projec t Manage r LLPJLA_ Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branc hjnfi^/r~J^ Astud ywa s don e t o determin e the amoun t o f vapo r displace d fro

ma fue l tan

k during refueling an d howthe amoun t o f vapo r coul d be reduced . Areductio nindisplace d vapo r coul d be advantageou s t o th e onboard contro l systemb yreducing the require d siz e o f the canister . Th e entrainmen t rat e measure d in thi s testing ar e give ni nTabl e 1 . Attachmen t 1 describe s the tes t configuration s involve d an d provide s mor e detail s onthe testing . T o summarize , a significan t reductio nindisplace d vapo r coul d onl ybe obtaine d b ytechnique s requiring raising the fillnec k heigh t t o a leve l whic hwa s impractical . Withou t raisin g the inle t height , the result s showed a maximu mo f 8 percen t reductio n i n the displace d vapo r t o liqui d ratio . Attachment s 5933 W*

NV,R ONME

N ^;" A^^CTION 

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### 1988P. 4

Tabl e 1 Displace dVapo r DuringRefuelinq-Dat a Summary Configuratio n. No o f Averag e Rati o Test s (Vapor/Liquid ) 1 . Productio nFillpipe . 1 2 . Productio nfillpip e 2 wit hchec kvalv e 1.5 8 1.4 6 Comment s

3 . Larg e diamete r pip e for fillnec k 1.6 0

4 . Larg e diamete r pip e wit hinle t raise d 5 . Larg e diamete r pip e wit hon e scree n 1.5 6

1.4 5

6 . Larg e diamete r pip e wit htw

o screen s 7 . Larg e diamete r pipe wit hon e spong e 8 . Larg e diamete r pip e wit htw

o sponge s 9 . Larg e diamete r pipe wit hduckbil l 1.3 2

1.5 9

1.2 6

1.4 7 Inle t heigh t mus t b e

raise dt o operat e Nee dinle t heigh t 15 " highe r tha nstoc k heigh t t o operat e Inle t heigh t mus t b e raise dt o operat e Duckbil l to o inflexibl e t o flo w properly . Go t spill s 2 o f 3 times .P. 5 Attachmen t 1 Vapo r Displace d fromFue l Tank During Refueling Equipmen t Tank : Productio n198 6 Oldsmobil e Cutlas s Fillpip e Configurations : a ) Productio n198 6 Oldsmobil e Cutlass . b ) Chec k valv e adde d t o productio nfillpipe ; tank vente d a t fue l pick-up - gag e sende r uni t wit hvalv e t o adjus t tank pressure . c ) 2 1/2 " Plexiglas s tub e (

- 3ft . long ) o r 2 1/ 2 rubbe r hos e (

- 3ft . long) . Same venting a s i n(b ) above . d ) Fillpip e a s i n(e ) above wit hinserts : spong e material , wir e mes h(screen ) o r "duckbill " t o reduc e vapor . Testing Procedur e Fue l from

tank empt y(tan k draine d throughfue l retur n lin e a t essentiall ysame heigh t a s fue l pick-up ) t o fue l tank capacit y(approximatel y1 6 gallons , retaining stoc k vapo r spac e o f approximatel y2- 3 gallons) . Measur e volum e o f vapo r displaced . Tank temperatur e an d dispense d fue l temperatur e a t temperatur e o f refueling bay(55 ° t o 60°F) . Evaluat e method s fo r reducing volum e o f vapo r displaced . Result s Summary a ) Tw o section s o f spong e materia l i nserie s reduce d displace d vapo r volum e b y2 5 percen t t o 3 0 percent ; fillnec k hea d heigh t require d - 3 ft . b ) Singl e spong e elemen t provide d n o benefit ; fillnec k heigh t o f almos t 3 f t required . c ) Dua l fla t screen s reduce d displace d vapo r volum e by 2 0 t o 2 5 percent ; almos t 3 f t fillnec k heigh t required . d ) Singl e fla t scree nan d folde d scree nreduce d displace d vapo r volum e b y5 t o 1 0 percent . e ) Duckbil l di d no t substantiall yaffec t displace d vapo r volum e whe nmounte d a t eithe r to p o r middl e o f fillneck . Whe nmounte d a t bottom o f fillnec k reduce d displace d vapo r volume b yabou t 5 percent . Difficultie s experience d wit hachieving fueling becaus e duckbil l tende d t o restric t fue l flow ; i.e. , a fillnec k hea d heigh t greate r tha n3 fee t wa s require d t o achiev e fueling a t 1 0 gpm .Displace d Vapo r During Refueling P. 6

1 . Larg e diamete r pip e (t o se e i f yo u ge t liquid-vapo r separation) . Fil l inle t heigh t (en d o f larg e diamete r pipe ) a t approx . stoc k fillnec k height . Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (gallons ) (ft3)(gallons ) 16. 1 16. 0 3.47 9

3.34 9 26.0 3

25.0 5 Rati o

(Vapor / Liquid ) 1.6 2 1.5 7 Flo wRat e

(gpm ) 1 0 1 0 2 . Fil l inle t raise d (approx . 30 ° pitch ) Rati o Ga s I n Vapo r Ou t (Vapor / Flo wRat e (gallons ) (ft 3 )(gallons ) Liquid ) (gpm ) 16. 1 3.55 0 25.0 6 1.5 6 

### 1 0 Tank Pressur e ("Hg) * .0 2 .0 2

Tank Pressur e ("Hg ) .0 2 t o .0 3 3 . Productio nfillpip e wit hchec k valv e adde d jus t outsid e o f th e tan k Rati o Ga s I n (gallons ) 16. 0 16. 0 4 . Scree n Ga s I n (gallons ) 16. 0 16.0 5 Vapo r Ou t

(ft 3 )(gallons ) 3.14 6 23.5 4 3.12 2 23.3 6 i nfil l nec k (f o Vapo r Ou t (ft 3 )(gallons ) 3.12 3 23.3 6 3.04 6 22.7 9 withou t screen : 16. 1 3.39 1 25.3 7 (Vapor / Liquid ) 1.4 7 1.4 6 lde d screen) . Rati o (Vapor / Liquid ) 1.4 6 1.4 2

1.5 8 Flo wRat e

(gpm ) 1 0 1 0

Tank Pressur e ( .2 0 .2 0 ! ' .2 0 Tank

Pressur e ("Hg ) .0 2 .0 2

'Hg )

Approximatel y1 0 percen t les s vapo r wit hscree ni nplace . Bubble s appea r t o coalesc e a t scree nwit hliqui d an d vapo r stream s entering tank rathe r tha n froth .

* Tank pressur e value s ar e averag e value s during tank fil l an d d o no t includ e an

yspike s a t th e star t o r en d o f th e fill .P. 7

5 . Spong e i nfil l nec k (two section s o f foa mseparate d by . abou t 1 , t o 1 1/ 2 inches ) Rati o Ga s I n£ Vapo r Ou t (Vapor / Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(galIons ) Liquid ) Pressur e ("Hg ) : 16. 0 2.58 8 19.3 6 1.2 1 .0 4 <Tub e ful l o f foa

m (fue l + bubbles) . 6 . Scree n(singl e fla t piece ) i nfil l neck . Rati o Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (Vapor / Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(gallons ) Liquid ) Pressur e ("Hg ) 16. 0 3.15 5 23.6 0 1.4 7 .4 0 Liquid/foaminterfac e a t screen . Ven t valv e totall yopen . 7 . Duckbil l i nfil l neck . a ) Duckbil l mounte d a t to p o f fil l neck , nozzl e shut-of f por t belo w exi t fro

mduckbill .

• i Rati o Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (Vapor / Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(gallons ) Liquid ) Pressur e ("Hg ) 16. 0 3.21 9 24.0 8 1.5 0 .3 0 b ) Duckbil l i nlowe r hal f o f fil l neck . Rati o Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (Vapor / Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(gallons ) Liquid ) Pressur e ("Hg ) 2. 4 .47 8 3.57 6 1.4 9 Spitback ! Duckbil l ha s t o b e move d lowe r i nfil l pipe . c ) Duckbil l i nlowe r sectio no f fil l neck . - Rati o Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (Vapor / Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(galIons ) Liquid ) Pressur e ("Hg ) 7. 4 1.41 3 10.5 7 1.4 3 Spil l a t 5. 2 gal s an d a t 7. 4 gals . Duckbil l to o inflexibl e t o flo wproperly .P. 8

V

I 8 . Spong e (singl e unit ) i nplexiglas s tube . Rati o Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (Vapor / Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(galIons ) Liquid ) Pressur e ("Hg ) 7. 0 1.58 5 11.8 6 1.6 9 Trippe d repeatedl y( 8 times) . Exi t valv e totall yopen . 9 . Spong e (singl e unit ) a t bottomo f tube . 3 foo t rubbe r tube . Inle t o f tub e abou t 15 " highe r tha nstoc k fil l neck . Rati o Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (Vapor / Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(gallons ) Liquid ) Pressur e ("Hg ) 13. 0 2.59 2 19.3 9 1.4 9 .1 4 10 . Tw o sponge s i nbottomo f 3 f t plexiglas s tube . Rati o To p o f Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (Vapor / Fillnec k Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(qallons ) Liquid ) Heigh t (in ) Pressur e ("Hg ) 16. 0 2.79 1 20.8 8 1.3 0 3 7 .3 0 16. 0 2.70 1 20,20 6 1.2 6 3 9 Liquid-vapo r foa

mfill s th e tub e an d cause s repeate d shut-off . Raising fillnec k heigh t helped ; , gav e onl yon e shut-off . 11 . Tw o screen s (fla t piece s separate d b yapproximatel y1 inch ) i n bottomo f 3 f t plexiglas s tube . Fillnec k heigh t t o bottomo f tank = 3 9 inches . Rati o Ga s I nVapo r Ou t (Vapor / Tank (gallons ) (ft 3 )(galIons ) Liquid ) Pressur e ("Hg ) 16. 0 2.70 5 20.2 4 1.2 6 .3 0 16. 0 2.96 2 22.1 6 1.3 8 .3 4 Heigh t o f liquid-vapo r foa mi nfillnec k wa s highe r i nsecond run .